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Expedia Group

expe · NASDAQ Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker expe
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Travel Services
Employees 10,000+
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FY2016 Annual Report · Expedia Group
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2016

2016

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

OFFICERS

Barry Diller, Chairman

Barry Diller

Chairman and Senior Executive 

Chairman and Senior Executive

Annual Meeting 

Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp

President and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Executive Officer

Dara Khosrowshahi

President and 

Victor A. Kaufman

Vice Chairman

Mark D. Okerstrom

Chief  Financial  Officer  and 

Executive Vice President 

of  Operations

Robert J. Dzielak

Executive Vice President, 

General Counsel and Secretary

Lance A. Soliday

Senior Vice President, 

Chief Accounting Officer and 

Controller

Dara Khosrowshahi

Expedia, Inc.

Victor A. Kaufman

Vice Chairman

Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp

Susan C. Athey

Economics of Technology Professor 

Stanford Graduate School of Business

A. George (Skip) Battle

Former CEO and

Executive Chairman,

Ask Jeeves, Inc.

Chelsea Clinton

Vice Chair

Clinton Foundation

Pamela L. Coe

Senior Vice President, Deputy 

General Counsel and Secretary 

Liberty Interactive Corporation and 

Liberty Media Corporation

Jonathan L. Dolgen

Principal

Wood River Ventures, LLC

Craig A. Jacobson

Partner

Hansen, Jacobson, Teller, Hoberman, 

Newman, Warren, Richman, Rush, 

Kaller & Gellman, L.L.P.

Peter M. Kern

Managing Partner

InterMedia Partners VII, LP

John C. Malone

Chairman

Liberty Interactive Corporation and 

Liberty Media Corporation

Scott Rudin

Film and Theatre Producer

Christopher W. Shean

Chief Executive Officer, President and 

Director

Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.

Alexander von Furstenberg 

Founder and Chief Investment Officer 

Ranger Global Advisors, LLC

STOCKHOLDER 

INFORMATION

(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)s 

will be held via audio

webcast on June 13, 2017 (cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3) 

9(cid:29)3(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:17)(cid:80)(cid:17)(cid:3)Eastern Time

Online audio webcast: 

EXPE.onlineshareholdermeeting.com

Stock Market Listing

Expedia, Inc.’s common stock is 

traded on the NASDAQ Global 

Select Market under the symbol 

“EXPE.”

Registrar and Transfer Agent

Computershare

Stockholder correspondence should 

be mailed to:

Computershare

P.O. Box (cid:22)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:19) 

(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:59)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:19)

Overnight correspondence should 

be mailed to:

Computershare 

(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:52)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:19) 

College Station, TX 77845

Computershare stockholder website: 

www.computershare.com/investor

Computershare stockholder 

online inquiries:

https://www-us.computershare.com/

Investor/Contact

Computershare

Toll Free Number 866-202-9254

Independent Registered Public 

Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP

999 Third Avenue

Suite 3500

Seattle, WA 98104

Investor Inquiries

All inquiries can be directed 

as follows:

(425) 679-7200

ir@expedia.com

Corporate Headquarters 

333 108th Avenue N.E. 

Bellevue, WA 98004 

(425) 679-7200

This annual report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking
statements reflect the views of our management regarding expectations about future events and are based on then available information. Actual results
could differ materially. The use of words such as "anticipates," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans" and "believes," among others, generally identify
forward-looking statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These forward-looking statements are
inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Please carefully review and consider the various
disclosures made in our Annual Report on Form 10-K enclosed herein and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that
attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may impact future results.

The logos on the front cover are service marks or trademarks of Expedia, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies.

J

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________ 
Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934

For the transition period from

to

Commission file number: 001-37429
_______________________________________________

EXPEDIA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

20-2705720
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

333 108th Avenue NE
Bellevue, WA 98004
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(425) 679-7200
_______________________________________________ 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Expedia, Inc. 2.500% Senior Notes due 2022

Name of each exchange on which registered:
The Nasdaq Global Select Market
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
_______________________________________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 

Act.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 

Act.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, 

every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this 
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such 
files).    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, 
and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by 
reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a 
smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” 
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 

Act).    Yes  

    No  

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates was 

approximately $12,722,607,000. For the purpose of the foregoing calculation only, all directors and executive officers of the 
registrant are assumed to be affiliates of the registrant.

Class
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Document
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders (Proxy Statement)

Outstanding Shares at January
27, 2017 were approximately,
137,008,389 shares
12,799,999 shares

Parts Into Which Inco
rporated

Part III

Expedia, Inc.
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 
Contents

Item 1 Business

Item 1A Risk Factors

Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2

Properties

Item 3

Legal Proceedings

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures

Part I

Part II

Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities

Item 6

Selected Financial Data

Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8 Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A Controls and Procedures

Item 9B Other Information

Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11 Executive Compensation

Part III

Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Item 15 Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules

Signatures

Part IV

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10

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[This page intentionally left blank] 

Expedia, Inc.
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Part I. Item 1. Business

We refer to Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries collectively as “Expedia,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” in this 

Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities 

Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect the views of our management regarding current 
expectations and projections about future events and are based on currently available information. Actual results could differ 
materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, those 
discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Other unknown or 
unpredictable factors also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 
Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The use of words such as 
“anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking 
statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that 
refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. 
These forward-looking statements are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to 
predict. We are not under any obligation and do not intend to publicly update or review any of these forward-looking 
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if experience or future events make it clear 
that any expected results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements will not be realized. Please carefully review 
and consider the various disclosures made in this report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (“SEC”) that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects 
and results of operations.

Management Overview

General Description of our Business

Expedia, Inc. is an online travel company, empowering business and leisure travelers through technology with the tools 

and information they need to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. We seek to grow our business through a 
dynamic portfolio of travel brands, including our majority-owned subsidiaries that feature the world’s broadest supply portfolio 
— including more than 350,000 properties and over 1.2 million online bookable vacation rental listings in 200 countries, over 
500 airlines, packages, rental cars, cruises, as well as destination services and activities. Travel suppliers distribute and market 
products via our desktop and mobile offerings, as well as through alternative distribution channels including social media, our 
private label business and our call centers in order to reach our extensive, global audience. In addition, our advertising and 
media businesses help other businesses, primarily travel providers, reach a large audience of travelers around the globe.

Our portfolio of brands includes:

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Expedia.com®, a leading full service online travel company with localized sites in 33 countries;

Hotels.com®, a global lodging expert operating 89 localized websites in 39 languages with its award winning Hotels.com®
Rewards loyalty program;

Orbitz Worldwide, including leading U.S. travel websites Orbitz.com and CheapTickets.com, as well as ebookers, a full
service travel brand with websites in seven European countries;

Expedia® Affiliate Network ("EAN"), a global B2B brand that powers the hotel business of leading airlines, top consumer
brands, online travel agencies and thousands of other partners through its API and template solutions;

trivago®, a leading online hotel metasearch platform with sites in 55 countries worldwide;

HomeAway®,  a  global  online  marketplace  for  the  vacation  rental  industry,  which  also  includes  the  VRBO,
VacationRentals.com and BedandBreakfast.com brands, among others;

Egencia®, a leading corporate travel management company;

Travelocity®, a leading online travel brand in the U.S. and Canada delivering customer service when and where our
customers need it with the Customer 1st Guarantee;

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•

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Hotwire®, inspiring spontaneous travel through Hot Rate® deals;

Expedia® Media Solutions, the advertising sales division of Expedia, Inc. that builds media partnerships and enables
brand advertisers to target a highly-qualified audience of travel consumers;

• Wotif Group, a leading portfolio of travel brands including Wotif.com®, Wotif.co.nz, lastminute.com.au®,

lastminute.co.nz and travel.com.au®;

•

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Classic Vacations®, a top luxury travel specialist;
CarRentals.com™, a premier online car rental booking company with localized sites in 13 countries;

Expedia  Local  Expert®,  a  provider  of  online  and  in-market  concierge  services,  activities,  experiences  and  ground
transportation in over a thousand destinations worldwide; and

Expedia®  CruiseShipCenters®,  a  provider  of  exceptional  value  and  expert  advice  for  travelers  booking  cruises  and
vacations through its network of over 230 retail travel agency franchises across North America.

Summary of the Spin-Off from IAC/InterActiveCorp

On August 9, 2005, IAC/InterActiveCorp (“IAC”) completed the spin-off of substantially all of its travel and travel-
related businesses by way of the distribution of all outstanding shares of Expedia, Inc., a newly-formed Delaware corporation, 
to IAC stockholders. Upon completion of the spin-off from IAC, Expedia shares began trading on The Nasdaq Global Select 
Market under the symbol “EXPE.”

Summary of the Spin-Off of TripAdvisor, Inc.

On December 20, 2011, following the close of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market, Expedia completed the spin-off of 

TripAdvisor, Inc. (“TripAdvisor”), a Delaware corporation, to Expedia stockholders. TripAdvisor consists of the domestic and 
international operations previously associated with Expedia’s TripAdvisor Media Group and is now a separately traded public 
company, trading under the symbol “TRIP” on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Expedia continues to own and operate our 
remaining businesses — the domestic and international operations of our travel transaction brands — as a separately traded 
public company, trading under the symbol “EXPE” on The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

Equity Ownership and Voting Control

As of December 31, 2016, there were 137,232,450 shares of Expedia common stock and 12,799,999 shares of Expedia 

Class B common stock outstanding. Expedia stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock and ten votes 
for each share of Class B common stock outstanding. As of December 31, 2016, Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc. (“Liberty 
Expedia Holdings”), through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, held approximately 8% of Expedia’s outstanding common stock 
and 100% of Expedia’s outstanding Class B common stock (or, assuming conversion of all shares of Class B common stock 
into shares of common stock, held 16% of Expedia’s outstanding common stock). Barry Diller, Chairman and Senior Executive 
of Expedia holds an irrevocable proxy granted by Liberty Expedia Holdings, pursuant to which Mr. Diller has the right to vote 
the Expedia securities held by Liberty Expedia Holdings and its subsidiaries (the “Diller Proxy”), which proxy has been 
assigned by Mr. Diller to Liberty Expedia Holdings until the earlier of May 4, 2018 or the occurrence of certain termination 
events.  As of December 31, 2016, as a result of their agreements and respective holdings in Expedia, Mr. Diller and Liberty 
Expedia Holdings may be deemed to share voting power over securities representing approximately 54% of the combined 
voting power of the outstanding Expedia capital stock.

By virtue of the voting power of an irrevocable proxy granted to Mr. Diller by John C. Malone and Leslie Malone over 
their shares in Liberty Expedia Holdings and the governance arrangements at Liberty Expedia Holdings, during the period the 
assignment of the Diller Proxy and the proxy granted him by the Malones are in effect, Mr. Diller is effectively able to control 
the outcome of nearly all matters submitted to a vote or for the consent of Expedia’s stockholders (other than with respect to the 
election by the Expedia common stockholders of 25% of the members of Expedia’s Board of Directors and certain matters as to 
which a separate class vote of the holders of Expedia common stock or Expedia preferred stock is required under Delaware 
law). Upon the termination or expiration of the assignment of the Diller Proxy (unless the Diller Proxy itself has terminated), 
Mr. Diller will continue to be able to control the outcome of such matters. In addition, pursuant to the Amended and Restated 
Governance Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2011, as amended, among Expedia, Liberty Expedia Holdings and 
Mr. Diller, each of Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings generally has the right to consent to certain significant corporate 
actions in the event that Expedia or any of its subsidiaries incurs any new obligations for borrowed money within the definition 
of “total debt” set forth in the Governance Agreement for as long as Expedia’s ratio of total debt to EBITDA, as defined 
therein, equals or exceeds eight to one.

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Market Opportunity & Business Strategy

Expedia is the world’s largest online travel company, yet our gross bookings represent only about 6% of total worldwide 
travel spending. Phocuswright estimates global travel spending at approximately $1.3 trillion in 2016, with an increasing share 
booked through online channels each year. We have built, and continue to build, a broad and deep supply portfolio which today 
includes more than 350,000 properties, over 500 airlines and numerous car rental companies, cruise companies and other travel 
suppliers, as well as more than 1.2 million online bookable vacation rental properties.

We are focused on revolutionizing travel through the power of technology. We believe the strength of our brand portfolio 

as well as our enhanced product offerings and new channel penetration drives customer demand, which when combined with 
our global scale and broad based supply, give us a unique advantage in addressing the ongoing migration of travel bookings 
from offline to online around the world. With our unmatched global audience of travelers, and our deep and broad selection of 
travel products, there is a rich interplay between supply and demand in our global marketplace that helps us provide value to 
both travelers planning trips and supply partners wanting to grow their business through a better understanding of travel 
retailing and consumer demand in addition to reaching consumers in markets beyond their reach. Our primary growth drivers 
are technology and product innovation, global expansion, and new channel penetration.

Portfolio of Brands

Expedia operates a strong brand portfolio with global reach, targeting a broad range of travelers, travel suppliers and 
advertisers. We know that consumers typically visit multiple travel sites prior to booking travel, and having a multi-brand 
strategy increases the likelihood that those consumers will visit one or more of our sites. We also market to consumers through 
a variety of channels, including internet search and metasearch sites, and having multiple brands appear in search results also 
increases the likelihood of attracting visitors. Our brands tailor their product offerings and websites to particular traveler 
demographics. For example, Hotwire finds deep discount deals for the budget-minded travel shopper while our Classic 
Vacations brand targets high-end, luxury travelers. Brand Expedia spans the widest swath of potential customers with travel 
options across a broad value spectrum, while our Hotels.com brand focuses specifically on a hotel only product offering.

We organize our company around key platforms. Brand Expedia Group consists of our multi-product brands, including 

Brand Expedia, Orbitz, Travelocity, Wotif Group and Expedia Local Expert. In addition, our Hotwire brand also offers 
consumers reservations for hotels, airline tickets and rental cars.

Brand Expedia. A leading full-service online travel brand with localized sites in 33 countries offering a wide selection of 
travel products and services. Through award-winning mobile apps and Expedia-branded websites, travelers have access to the 
latest technology that delivers airline tickets, lodging, car rentals, rail, cruises, insurance and many things to do - such as airport 
transfers, activities and tours - from hundreds of thousands of suppliers, on both a standalone and package basis. Across the 
more than 20 years that Expedia has been helping people travel with confidence and ease, the company has learned that 
travelers benefit when Expedia continually improves and optimizes its offering, to ensure that travelers the world over can book 
the trip they need, in the manner they choose, at any point and save. That commitment has propelled Expedia to a leadership 
position within travel, and ensures that Expedia can continue to help millions of travelers experience the world.

Orbitz. In September 2015, we acquired Orbitz Worldwide, Inc., including all of its brands and assets. Orbitz Worldwide 

is a travel portfolio including Orbitz.com, CheapTickets.com and ebookers.

Travelocity. After entering into an exclusive, long-term strategic marketing agreement with Travelocity during the third 
quarter of 2013, under which Brand Expedia powered the technology platform, supply and customer service for Travelocity’s 
existing websites in the United States and Canada, we announced in January 2015 that we had acquired the Travelocity brand 
and associated assets from Sabre Corporation (“Sabre”) and had terminated the strategic marketing and other related 
agreements. A pioneer in the online travel industry, Travelocity celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2016. Travelocity and its 
famous Roaming Gnome encourage travelers in the United States and Canada to “Wander Wisely™”.

Wotif Group. In November 2014, we completed the acquisition of Wotif Group, a leading Australian online travel 

company, comprised of the Wotif.com, lastminute.com.au and travel.com.au brands in Australia, and Wotif.co.nz and 
lastminute.co.nz in New Zealand. Wotif.com launched in 2000, and was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in June 
2006 as Wotif.com Holdings Limited, under the ASX code “WTF,” prior to being acquired by Expedia.

Expedia Local Expert. Our Expedia Local Expert network offers online and in-market concierge services, activities, 
experiences, attractions and ground transportation. With access to a rich portfolio of over 25,000 tours and adventures, LX can 
be found on more than 60 Expedia, Inc. websites, and operates more than 100 concierge and activity desks in major resort 
destinations.

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Hotwire. Hotwire offers a travel booking service that matches flexible, value-oriented travelers with suppliers who have 

excess seats, rooms and cars they offer at lower rates than retail. Hotwire’s Hot Rate® Hotels, Hot Rate® Cars and Hot Rate® 
Flights offer travelers an extra low price as the supplier name is not revealed until after the traveler books and pays. With 
Hotwire’s unique model, suppliers create value from excess availability without diluting their core, brand-loyal traveler base. 
Hotwire partners with leading hotel companies worldwide, brand-name domestic and international airlines, and major car rental 
companies in the United States.

Our hotel-only platform includes Hotels.com Worldwide and Expedia Affiliate Network.

Hotels.com Worldwide. Hotels.com is focused entirely on marketing and distributing lodging accommodations. 

Hotels.com, with 89 localized sites worldwide in 39 languages worldwide and market leading mobile apps on all major 
platforms, offers travelers a broad selection of lodging options. Because of its single product offering, Hotels.com is often our 
first entry point into a region allowing us to evaluate the market opportunity prior to adding additional brands and product 
offerings. Hotels.com Rewards®, the loyalty program established in 2008, offers travelers the ability to earn one free night for 
every ten nights stayed.

Expedia Affiliate Network. EAN is the purely partner-focused arm of Expedia, Inc. EAN partners with businesses across a 

wide range of verticals including loyalty programs, airlines, travel agents and online retailers who remarket EAN’s 
accommodation rates and availabilities to their travelers. Partners can access EAN accommodations in the way that best suits 
their business, whether that is a fully customizable environment through EAN’s API or an ‘off-the-shelf,’ white-label or co-
branded template solution offering.

Egencia. Our full-service travel management company offers travel products and services to businesses and their 
corporate travelers. Egencia maintains a global presence in more than 65 countries across North America, Europe and Asia 
Pacific. Egencia provides, among other things, a global technology platform coupled with local telephone assistance with 
expert travel consultants, unique supply targeted at business travelers, and consolidated reporting for its clients. Egencia 
charges its corporate clients account management fees, as well as transactional fees for various contacts made as part of the 
travel process. In addition, Egencia provides on-site agents to some corporate clients to provide in-house, seamless support. 
Egencia also offers consulting and meeting management services as well as advertising opportunities. We believe the corporate 
travel sector represents a significant opportunity for Expedia through Egencia’s compelling technology solution for businesses 
seeking to improve employees’ travel experiences and optimize travel costs by moving the focus of the corporate travel 
program to online and mobile services versus the traditional call center approach.

HomeAway. In December 2015, we acquired HomeAway, which operates an online marketplace for the vacation rental 

industry. The HomeAway portfolio includes the vacation rental websites HomeAway.com, VRBO.com and 
VacationRentals.com in the United States; HomeAway.co.uk and OwnersDirect.co.uk in the United Kingdom; HomeAway.de in 
Germany; Abritel.fr and Homelidays.com in France; HomeAway.es and Toprural.es in Spain; AlugueTemporada.com.br in 
Brazil; HomeAway.com.au and Stayz.com.au in Australia; Bookabach.co.nz in New Zealand; and in Asia, HomeAway.asia. 
HomeAway also operates BedandBreakfast.com, a comprehensive global site for finding bed-and-breakfast properties. In 
addition to its online marketplace, HomeAway also offers software solutions to property managers through its HomeAway 
Software for Professionals and Glad to Have You products.

trivago. trivago is our majority-owned hotel metasearch company, based in Dusseldorf, Germany, featuring price 
comparison from approximately 1.3 million hotels in over 190 countries. Officially launched in 2005, trivago is one of the best 
known brands globally for searching for hotels online and can be accessed worldwide via 55 localized websites and apps in 33 
languages. Subsequent to its initial public offering ("IPO") in December 2016, the company is listed on the Nasdaq Global 
Select Market and trades under the symbol "TRVG." 

Classic Vacations. Classic Vacations offers individually tailored vacations primarily through a national network of third-
party retail travel agents. Classic delivers a full line of premium vacation packages — air, hotels, car rentals, activities, cruises 
and private transportation — to create customized luxury vacations in Hawaii, the Caribbean, Mexico, Costa Rica, Europe, 
Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Maldives, Dubai, Seychelles and Tahiti. Travel agents and travelers can preview our product 
offering through our website www.classicvacations.com.

Expedia CruiseShipCenters. Expedia CruiseShipCenters is a leading seller of cruises and vacations. The franchise 
company has over 230 retail locations across North America, a team of over 4,500 professionally-trained vacation consultants 
and an inventory of more than 200,000 staterooms available to book online or in store.

CarRentals.com. CarRentals.com is an online car rental marketing and retail firm offering a diverse selection of car 

rentals direct to consumers. Following our July 2014 acquisition of Auto Escape Group, one of Europe’s leading online car 
rental reservation companies, the Auto Escape Group joined with the CarRentals.com brand. With CarRentals.com’s 

4

international expansion, it is able to provide our customers more choices across the globe and help our supply partners expand 
their marketing reach.

Growth Strategy

Product Innovation. Each of our leading brands was a pioneer in online travel and has been responsible for driving key 
innovations in the space over the past two decades. Each Expedia technology platform is operated by a dedicated technology 
team, which drives innovations that make researching and shopping for travel increasingly easier and help customers find and 
book the best possible travel options. In the past several years, we made key investments in technology, including significant 
development of our technical platforms that makes it possible for us to deliver innovations at a faster pace. For example, we 
launched new global platforms for Hotels.com and Brand Expedia, enabling us to significantly increase the innovation cycle, 
thereby improving conversion and driving faster growth rates for those brands. In 2013, Expedia signed an agreement to power 
the technology, supply and customer service platforms for Travelocity-branded sites in the United States and Canada, enabling 
Expedia to leverage its investments in each of these key areas. The shift of Travelocity-branded sites to the Expedia technology 
platform was successfully completed over the course of 2014. In November 2014, Expedia completed the acquisition of Wotif 
Group and subsequently converted the Wotif.com site to the Expedia platform. In January 2015, we acquired the Travelocity 
brand and other associated assets from Sabre. The strategic marketing and other related agreements previously entered into 
were terminated. In September 2015, Expedia completed the acquisition of Orbitz Worldwide, including all of its brands. The 
migration of the Orbitz.com, CheapTickets.com and ebookers sites to the Expedia technology platform was completed in the 
first half of 2016, and Orbitz for Business customers were migrated to the Egencia technology platform as of July 2016. In 
December 2015, Expedia completed the acquisition of HomeAway, Inc., including all of its brands. We intend to continue 
leveraging these investments when launching additional points of sale in new countries, introducing new website features, 
adding supplier products and services including new business model offerings, as well as proprietary and user-generated 
content for travelers.

Global Expansion. Our Expedia, Hotels.com, Egencia, and EAN brands operate both domestically and through 
international points of sale, including in Europe, Asia Pacific, Canada and Latin America. In addition, ebookers offers multi-
product online reservation in Europe and Wotif Group includes a leading portfolio of travel brands, including Wotif.com, 
Wotif.co.nz, lastminute.com.au, lastminute.com.nz and travel.com.au. Egencia, our corporate travel business, operates in over 
65 countries around the world and continues to expand, including its 2012 acquisition of VIA Travel. The HomeAway portfolio 
has over 50 vacation rental sites all around the world. We own a majority share of trivago, a leading hotel metasearch company. 
Officially launched in 2005, trivago is one of the best known travel brands in Europe and North America. trivago continues to 
operate independently and rapidly grow revenue through global expansion, including aggressive expansion in new countries. In 
addition, we have commercial agreements in place with Ctrip and eLong in China, as well as Decolar.com, Inc. in Latin 
America. In 2016, approximately 36% of our worldwide gross bookings and 43% of worldwide revenue were through 
international points of sale compared to just 21% for both worldwide gross bookings and revenue in 2005. We have a goal of 
generating at least 65% of our revenue through businesses and points of sale outside of the United States.

In July 2014, we completed the acquisition of Auto Escape Group, one of Europe’s leading online car rental reservation 
companies. Auto Escape Group has joined with the CarRentals.com brand, allowing it to expand internationally to provide our 
customers more choices across the globe and help our supply partners expand their marketing reach. 

In November 2014, we completed the acquisition of Wotif Group, an Australian online travel company. Wotif Group adds 

to our collection of travel’s most trusted brands and enhances our supply in the Asia-Pacific region, while allowing Expedia to 
expose the Wotif Group to our world-class technology and its customers to our extensive global supply. 

In January 2015, we acquired the Travelocity brand and other associated assets from Sabre. As a result of the acquisition, 

the strategic marketing agreement previously entered into during 2013, which joined Travelocity’s strong brand with our best-
in-class booking platform, supply base and customer service, was terminated. Evolving this relationship strengthens Expedia, 
Inc.’s ability to continue to innovate and deliver the best travel experiences to the widest set of travelers, all over the world.

In March 2015, we completed the acquisition of an additional 25% equity interest of AAE Travel Pte. Ltd., the joint 
venture formed between Expedia and AirAsia Berhad in 2011. This investment increased our total ownership in the venture to 
75% and we consider this business to be a key part of our Asia Pacific strategy. Following the close of the transaction in March 
2015, the financial results of the AirAsia Expedia venture are included in Expedia’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2015, Expedia and Decolar.com, Inc., the Latin American online travel company that operates the Decolar.com 

and Despegar.com branded websites, announced that the two companies have expanded their partnership to include deeper 
cooperation on hotel supply and a minority equity investment by Expedia. Building on the commercial relationship the two 
companies have had since 2002, the expanded agreement broadens Expedia’s powering of Decolar’s hotel supply and 
introduces the opportunity for Decolar to provide Expedia access to its hotel supply in Latin America. The customers of both 

5

companies will benefit from the broad, shared selection of hotels, and hotel partners will gain increased access to travelers in 
Latin America and around the world.

In September 2015, we completed the acquisition of Orbitz Worldwide, a leading global portfolio of travel brands and 
business-to-business offerings. The addition of Orbitz Worldwide brings Expedia an attractive set of well-recognized brands 
built by a talented team that is passionate about travel.

In December 2015, we completed the acquisition of HomeAway, which operates an online marketplace for the vacation 

rental industry, with sites representing over one million online bookable listings of vacation rental homes in over 190 countries. 
With Expedia’s expertise in powering global transactional platforms and our industry-leading technology capabilities, we are 
partnering with our HomeAway brand to accelerate their shift from a classified marketplace to an online, transactional model to 
create even better experiences for HomeAway’s global traveler audience and the owners and managers of its properties around 
the world.

In expanding our global reach, we leverage significant investments in technology, operations, brand building, supplier 

relationships and other initiatives that we have made since the launch of Expedia.com in 1996. Our scale of operations 
enhances the value of technology innovations we introduce on behalf of our travelers and suppliers. We believe that our size 
and scale afford the company the ability to negotiate competitive rates with our supply partners, provide breadth of choice and 
travel deals to our traveling customers through an expanding supply portfolio and create opportunities for new value added 
offers for our customers such as our loyalty programs. The size of Expedia’s worldwide traveler base makes our sites an 
increasingly appealing channel for travel suppliers to reach customers. In addition, the sheer size of our user base and search 
query volume allows us to test new technologies very quickly in order to determine which innovations are most likely to 
improve the travel research and booking process, and then roll those features out to our worldwide audience in order to drive 
improvements in conversion.

New Channel Penetration. Technological innovations and developments continue to create new opportunities for travel 
bookings made through mobile devices, in addition to more traditional methods like desktop and laptop computers. In the past 
few years, each of our brands made significant progress creating new mobile websites and mobile applications that are 
receiving strong reviews and solid download trends, and some of our brands now see more traffic via mobile devices than via 
traditional desktops. Mobile bookings via smartphones continue to present an opportunity for incremental growth as they are 
often completed within one or two days of the travel or stay, which is a much shorter booking window than we had historically 
experienced via more traditional online booking methods. In addition, we are seeing increasing cross-device usage among our 
customers, who connect to our websites and apps across multiple devices and platforms throughout their travel planning 
process. We also believe mobile represents an efficient marketing channel given the opportunity for direct traffic acquisition, 
increase in share of wallet and in repeat customers, particularly through mobile applications. During the year ended 
December 31, 2016, nearly one in three Expedia, Inc. transactions were booked globally on a mobile device.

Business Models

We make travel products and services available both on a stand-alone and package basis, primarily through the following 

business models: the merchant model, the agency model and the advertising model. In addition, upon our acquisition of 
HomeAway in December 2015, we also earn revenue related to subscription-based vacation rental listing and other ancillary 
services provided to property owners and managers as well as from the traveler service fee that was rolled out in the United 
States and Europe in the first half of 2016.

Under the merchant model, we facilitate the booking of hotel rooms, airline seats, car rentals and destination services 
from our travel suppliers and we are the merchant of record for such bookings. The majority of our merchant transactions relate 
to hotel bookings. Under the agency model, we facilitate travel bookings and act as the agent in the transaction, passing 
reservations booked by the traveler to the relevant travel provider. We receive commissions or ticketing fees from the travel 
supplier and/or traveler.

We continue to see closer integration of the agency hotel product with our core merchant product through our Expedia 
Traveler Preference (ETP) program by offering, for participating hotels, customers the choice of whether to pay Expedia in 
advance under our merchant program (Expedia Collect) or pay at the hotel at the time of the stay (Hotel Collect). Growth in our 
ETP program has generally resulted in reduced negotiated economics to compensate for hotel supply partners absorbing 
expenses such as credit card fees and customer service costs, and as we continue to expand the breadth and depth of our global 
hotel offering, we have made and expect to continue to make adjustments to our economics in various geographies including 
changes based on local market conditions. Based on these dynamics, we expect our revenue per room night to remain under 
pressure in the future.

Through various of our Expedia-branded and other websites, travelers can dynamically assemble multiple component 
travel packages in a single transaction at a lower price as compared to booking each component separately. Packages assembled 

6

by travelers through the packaging model on these websites primarily include a merchant hotel component and an air or car 
component. Travelers select packages based on the total package price, without being provided component pricing. The use of 
the merchant travel components in packages enables us to make certain travel products available at prices lower than those 
charged on an individual component basis by travel suppliers without impacting their other models. In addition, we also offer 
third-party pre-assembled package offerings, primarily through our international points of sale, further broadening our scope of 
products and services to travelers. We expect the package product to continue to be marketed primarily using the merchant 
model.

Under the advertising model, we offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic 

and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on trivago and our transaction-based websites.

With our acquisition of HomeAway and all of its brands in December 2015, we have expanded into the fast growing $100 

billion alternative accommodations market. HomeAway is a leader in this market and represents an attractive growth 
opportunity for Expedia. HomeAway has been undergoing a transition from a listings-based classified advertising model to an 
online transactional model that optimizes for both travelers and homeowner and property manager partners, with a goal of 
increasing monetization and driving growth through investments in marketing as well as in product and technology. In addition, 
HomeAway rolled out a traveler service fee in the United States and Europe during the first half of 2016, consistent with 
market practice. The fee is expected to continue to contribute to HomeAway’s revenue growth and help fund marketing 
investment, programs to better protect travelers and future growth initiatives. Furthermore, HomeAway moved to a single 
subscription option globally in July 2016.

Relationships with Travel Partners

Overview. We make travel products and services available from a variety of hotel companies, large and small commercial 

airlines, car rental companies, cruise lines, destination service providers and HomeAway property owners and managers. We 
seek to build and maintain long-term, strategic relationships with travel suppliers and global distribution system (“GDS”) 
partners. An important component of the success of our business depends on our ability to maintain our existing, as well as 
build new, relationships with travel suppliers and GDS partners.

Travel Suppliers. We strive to deliver value to our travel supply partners through a wide range of innovative, targeted 

merchandising and promotional strategies designed to generate consumer demand and increase their revenue, while 
simultaneously reducing their overall marketing transaction and customer service costs. Our strategic account managers and 
local hotel market managers work directly with travel suppliers to optimize the exposure of their travel products and brands 
through our points of sale, including participation in need-based, seasonal and event-driven promotions and experimentation 
within the new channels we are building.

We have developed proprietary, supplier-oriented technology that streamlines the interaction between some of our 
websites and hotel central reservation systems, making it easier and more cost-effective for hotels to manage reservations made 
through our brands. Through this “direct connect” technology, hotels can upload information about available products and 
services and rates directly from their central reservation systems into our websites, as well as automatically confirm hotel 
reservations made by our travelers. In the absence of direct connect technology, both of these processes are generally completed 
via a proprietary extranet.

In addition, HomeAway’s vacation rental listing services includes a set of tools for property owners or managers, which 

enables them to manage an availability calendar, reservations, inquiries and the content of the listing, as well as provide various 
other services for property owners or managers to manage reservations or drive incremental sales volume.

Distribution Partners. GDSs, also referred to as computer reservation services, provide a centralized, comprehensive 

repository of travel suppliers’ ‘content’ — such as availability and pricing of seats on various airline point-to-point flights, or 
‘segments.’ The GDSs act as intermediaries between the travel suppliers and travel agencies, allowing agents to reserve and 
book flights, rooms or other travel products. Our relationships with GDSs primarily relate to our air business. We use Sabre, 
Amadeus and Travelport as our GDS segment providers in order to ensure the widest possible supply of content for our 
travelers.

Marketing and Promotions

Our marketing programs are intended to build and maintain the value of our various brands, drive traffic and ultimately 
bookings through our various brands and businesses, optimize ongoing traveler acquisition costs and strategically position our 
brands in relation to one another. Our long-term success and profitability depends on our continued ability to maintain and 
increase the overall number of traveler transactions flowing through our brand and shared global platforms in a cost-effective 
manner, as well as our ability to attract repeat customers to our sites.

7

Our marketing channels primarily include online advertising, including search engine marketing and optimization as well 

as metasearch, social media sites, offline advertising, loyalty programs, mobile apps and direct and/or personalized traveler 
communications on our websites as well as through direct e-mail communication with our travelers. Our marketing programs 
and initiatives include promotional offers such as coupons as well as seasonal or periodic special offers from our travel 
suppliers based on our supplier relationships. Our traveler loyalty programs include Hotels.com Rewards on Hotels.com global 
websites and Expedia®+ rewards on over 30 Brand Expedia points of sale, as well as Orbitz Rewards on Orbitz.com. The cost 
of these loyalty programs is recorded as a reduction of revenue in our consolidated financial statements.

We also make use of affiliate marketing. The Expedia.com, Hotels.com, Hotwire, Travelocity, HomeAway, Wotif and 
lastminute.com.au branded websites receive bookings from consumers who have clicked-through to the respective websites 
through links posted on affiliate partner websites. Affiliate partners can also make travel products and services available on 
their own websites through a Brand Expedia, Hotels.com or HomeAway co-branded offering or a private label website. Our 
EAN business provides our affiliates with technology and access to a wide range of products and services. We manage 
agreements with thousands of third-party affiliate partners, including a number of leading travel companies, pursuant to which 
we pay a commission for bookings originated from their websites.

Operations and Technology

We operate several technology platforms that support our brands. The Brand Expedia technology platform supports our 

full-service and multi-product brands, including Brand Expedia, Orbitz, Travelocity, Wotif Group and Expedia Local Expert, as 
well as certain parts of the Hotwire brand. The Hotels.com technology platform supports our hotel-only offering, including 
Hotels.com Worldwide and EAN. In addition, we operate Egencia, our corporate travel platform; HomeAway, our vacation 
rentals platform; and trivago, the hotel-only metasearch platform. 

All of our brands share and benefit from our corporate technology infrastructure, including customer support, data centers 

and transaction processing capabilities. 

We provide 24-hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week traveler sales and support by telephone or via e-mail. For purposes of 

operational flexibility, we use a combination of outsourced and in-house call centers. Our call centers are located throughout 
the world, including outsourced operations in the Philippines, El Salvador, Egypt and India. We invested significantly in our 
call center technologies, with the goal of improving customer experience and increasing the efficiency of our call center agents, 
and have plans to continue reaping the benefits of these investments going forward.

Our systems infrastructure and web and database servers are housed in various locations, mainly in the United States, 

which have 24-hour monitoring and engineering support, as well as in the public cloud. These data centers have their own 
generators and multiple back-up systems. Significant amounts of our owned computer hardware for operating the websites are 
located at these facilities. For some critical systems, we have both production and disaster-recovery facilities. Our technology 
systems are subject to certain risks, which are described below in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors.

Competition

Our brands compete in rapidly evolving and intensely competitive markets. We believe international markets represent 

especially large opportunities for Expedia and those of our competitors that wish to expand their brands and businesses abroad 
to achieve global scale. We also believe that Expedia is one of only a few companies that are focused on building a truly global, 
travel marketplace.

Our competition, which is strong and increasing, includes online and offline travel companies that target leisure and 
corporate travelers, including travel agencies, tour operators, travel supplier direct websites and their call centers, consolidators 
and wholesalers of travel products and services, large online portals and search websites, certain travel metasearch websites, 
mobile travel applications, social media websites, as well as traditional consumer eCommerce and group buying websites. We 
face these competitors in local, regional, national and/or international markets. In some cases, competitors are offering more 
favorable terms and improved interfaces to suppliers and travelers which make competition increasingly difficult. We also face 
competition for customer traffic on internet search engines and metasearch websites, which impacts our customer acquisition 
and marketing costs.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands is a critical component of our effort to compete. We differentiate 
our brands from our competitors primarily based on the multiple channels we use to generate demand, quality and breadth of 
travel products, channel features and usability, price or promotional offers, traveler service and quality of travel planning 
content and advice as well as offline brand efforts. The emphasis on one or more of these factors varies, depending on the brand 
or business and the related target demographic. Our brands face increasing competition from travel supplier direct websites. In 
some cases, supplier direct channels offer advantages to travelers, such as long standing loyalty programs, complimentary 
services such as Wi-Fi, and better pricing. Our websites feature travel products and services from numerous travel suppliers, 

8

and allow travelers to combine products and services from multiple providers in one transaction. We face competition from 
airlines, hotels, alternative accommodation sites, rental car companies, cruise operators and other travel service providers, 
whether working individually or collectively, some of which are suppliers to our websites. Our business is generally sensitive 
to changes in the competitive landscape, including the emergence of new competitors or business models, and supplier 
consolidation.

Intellectual Property Rights

Our intellectual property rights, including our patents, trademarks, copyright, domain names, trade dress, proprietary 

technology, and trade secrets, are an important component of our business. For example, we rely heavily upon our intellectual 
property and proprietary information in our content, brands, software code, proprietary technology, ratings indexes, 
informational databases, images, graphics and other components that make up our services. We have acquired some of our 
intellectual property rights and proprietary information through acquisitions, as well as licenses and content agreements with 
third parties.

We protect our intellectual property and proprietary information by relying on our terms of use, confidentiality 

procedures and contractual provisions, as well as international, national, state and common law rights. In addition, we enter into 
confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with employees and contractors, and license and confidentiality 
agreements with other third parties. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain 
and use our trade secrets or our intellectual property and proprietary information without authorization which, if discovered, 
might require the uncertainty of legal action to correct. In addition, there can be no assurance that others will not independently 
and lawfully develop substantially similar properties.

We maintain our trademark portfolio by filing trademark applications with the appropriate international trademark 
offices, maintaining appropriate registrations, securing contractual trademark rights when appropriate, and relying on common 
law trademark rights when appropriate. We also register copyrights and domain names as we deem appropriate. We protect our 
trademarks, copyrights and domain names with an enforcement program and use of intellectual property licenses. Trademark 
and intellectual property protection may not be available or may not be sought, sufficient or effective in every jurisdiction 
where we operate. Contractual disputes or limitations may affect the use of trademarks and domain names governed by private 
contract.

We have considered, and will continue to consider, the appropriateness of filing for patents to protect future inventions, as 

circumstances may warrant. However, patents protect only specific inventions and there can be no assurance that others may 
not create new products or methods that achieve similar results without infringing upon patents owned by us.

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business, including 

claims of alleged infringement or infringement by us of the trademarks, copyrights, patents and other intellectual property 
rights of third parties. In addition, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect 
our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any such litigation, regardless of 
outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could 
materially harm our business.

Regulation

We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the travel industry, the vacation rental industry and the provision of 

travel services, including registration in various states as “sellers of travel” and compliance with certain disclosure 
requirements and participation in state restitution funds  In addition, our businesses are subject to regulation by the 
U.S. Department of Transportation and must comply with various rules and regulations governing the provision of air 
transportation, including those relating to advertising and accessibility.

As we continue to expand the reach of our brands into the European, Asia-Pacific and other international markets, we are 

increasingly subject to laws and regulations applicable to travel agents or tour operators in those markets, including, in some 
countries, pricing display requirements, licensing and registration requirements, mandatory bonding and travel indemnity fund 
contributions, industry specific value-added tax regimes and laws regulating the provision of travel packages. For example, the 
European Economic Community Council Directive on Package Travel, Package Holidays and Package Tours imposes various 
obligations upon marketers of travel packages, such as disclosure obligations to consumers and liability to consumers for 
improper performance of the package, including supplier failure.

Additionally, we are subject to consumer protection, privacy and consumer data, labor, economic and trade sanction 
programs, tax, and anti-trust and competition laws and regulations around the world that are not specific to the travel industry. 

9

Some of these laws and regulations have not historically been applied in the context of online travel companies, so there can be 
uncertainty regarding how these requirements relate to our various business models.

Financial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas

We generate our revenue through a diverse customer base, and there is no reliance on a single customer or small group of 

customers; no customer represented 10% or more of our total revenue in the periods presented in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K.

We have four reportable segments: Core Online Travel Companies ("Core OTA"), trivago, Egencia and HomeAway upon 

its acquisition in December 2015. In addition, eLong was a reportable segment through its disposal on May 22, 2015. The 
segment and geographic information required herein is contained in NOTE 19 — Segment Information, in the notes to our 
consolidated financial statements.

Additional Information

Company Website and Public Filings. We maintain a corporate website at www.expediainc.com. Except as explicitly 
noted, the information on our website, as well as the websites of our various brands and businesses, is not incorporated by 
reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or in any other filings with, or in any information furnished or submitted to, the 
SEC.

We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on 
Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) 
or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been 
electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

Code of Ethics. We post both our Employee Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to all employees, 
including all executive officers and senior financial officers, as well as our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors 
and Senior Financial Officers on our corporate website at www.expediainc.com. Both codes comply with Item 406 of SEC 
Regulation S-K and the rules of NASDAQ. We intend to disclose any changes to the codes that affect the provisions required 
by Item 406 of Regulation S-K, and any waivers of the code of ethics for our executive officers, senior financial officers or 
directors, on our corporate website.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we employed approximately 20,075 full-time and part-time employees. We believe we have 

good relationships with our employees, including relationships with employees represented by works councils or other similar 
organizations.

Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors

 You should carefully consider each of the following risks and uncertainties associated with our company and the 
ownership of our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial 
may also impair our business and/or financial performance. 

We operate in an increasingly competitive global environment. 

The market for the services we offer is increasingly and intensely competitive. We compete with both established and 

emerging online and traditional sellers of travel-related services, including: 

•

•

•

•

• 

 online and traditional travel agencies, wholesalers and tour operators,

 travel suppliers, including hotels and airlines,

 large online portal and search websites,

 travel metasearch websites,

• 

 corporate travel management service providers,

•

•

•

 mobile platform travel applications,

 social media websites,

 eCommerce websites and group buying websites, and

10

•

 Alternative accommodation websites.

Online and traditional travel agencies: We face increasing competition from other online travel agencies (“OTAs”) in 

many regions, such as The Priceline Group and its subsidiaries Booking.com and Agoda.com, as well as regional competitors 
such as Ctrip, which in some cases may have more favorable offerings for travelers or suppliers, including pricing and supply 
breadth. In addition, the global OTA market continues to consolidate, with certain competitors merging or forming strategic 
partnerships. We also compete with traditional travel agencies (operating both offline and online), wholesalers and tour 
operators for both travelers and the acquisition and retention of supply. 

Travel suppliers: Travel suppliers such as airlines and hotels, may offer products and services on more favorable terms to 

consumers who transact directly with them, including lower prices, no fees or unique access to proprietary loyalty programs, 
such as points and miles. Many of these competitors, such as airlines, hotel and rental car companies, have been steadily 
focusing on increasing online demand on their own websites and mobile applications in lieu of third-party distributors such as 
the various Expedia sites. For instance, some low cost airlines, which are having increasing success in the marketplace, 
distribute their online supply exclusively through their own websites and several large hotel chains have combined to establish 
a single online hotels search platform with links directly to their own websites and mobile applications. In the past year, certain 
hotel chains have launched advertising campaigns expressly designed to drive consumer traffic directly to their websites. 
Suppliers who sell on their own websites, in some instances, offer advantages such as favorable rates, increased or exclusive 
product availability, complimentary Wi-Fi, and their own bonus miles or loyalty points, or in the case of airlines promote hotel 
supply at their websites, which could make their offerings more attractive to consumers than ours. 

Search engines: We also face increasing competition from search engines including Google. To the extent that these 
leading search engines that have a significant presence in our key markets disintermediate online travel agencies or travel 
content providers by offering comprehensive travel planning, shopping or booking capabilities, or increasingly refer those leads 
directly to suppliers or other favored partners, increase the cost of traffic directed to our websites, or offer the ability to transact 
on their own website, there could be a material adverse impact on our business and financial performance. For example, in 
recent years search engines have increased their focus on acquiring or launching flight and hotel search products that provide 
increasingly comprehensive travel planning content and direct booking capabilities, comparable to OTAs. In addition, these 
search engines continue to expand their voice and artificial intelligence capabilities. To the extent these actions have a negative 
effect on our search traffic or the cost of acquiring such traffic, our business and financial performance could be adversely 
affected. 

In addition, our websites, or websites in which we hold a significant ownership position, including trivago-branded 

websites, compete for advertising revenue with these search engines, as well as with large internet portal sites that offer 
advertising opportunities for travel-related companies. Several of these competitors have significantly greater financial, 
technical, marketing and other resources and large client bases than we do. We expect to face additional competition as other 
established and emerging companies enter the online advertising market. Competition could result in higher traffic acquisitions 
costs, reduced margins on our advertising services, loss of market share, reduced customer traffic to our websites and reduced 
advertising by travel companies on our websites. 

Travel metasearch engines: Travel metasearch websites, including Kayak.com (a subsidiary of Priceline), trivago (a 

majority-owned subsidiary of Expedia), TripAdvisor, and Qunar (a subsidiary of Ctrip), aggregate travel search results for a 
specific itinerary across supplier, travel agent and other websites. In addition, some metasearch sites have added or intend to 
add various forms of direct or assisted booking functionality to their sites in direct competition with certain of our brands. To 
the extent metasearch websites limit our participation within their search results, or consumers utilize the metasearch website 
for travel services and bookings instead of ours, our traffic-generating arrangements could be affected in a negative manner, or 
we may be required to increase our marketing costs to maintain market share, either of which could have an adverse effect on 
our business and results of operations. In addition, as a result of our majority ownership interest in trivago, we also now 
compete more directly with other metasearch engines and content aggregators for advertising revenue.  To the extent that 
trivago’s ability to aggregate travel search results for a specific itinerary across supplier, travel agent and other websites is 
hampered, whether due to its affiliation with us or otherwise, trivago’s business and results of operations could be adversely 
affected and the value of our investment in trivago could be negatively impacted. 

Corporate travel management service providers: Egencia, our full-service corporate travel management company, 
competes with online and traditional corporate travel providers, including Carlson Wagonlit and American Express, as well as 
vendors of corporate travel and expense management software and services, including Concur. Some of these competitors may 
have more financial resources, greater name recognition, well-established client bases, differentiated business models, or a 
broader global presence, which may make it difficult for us to retain or attract new corporate travel clients. 

11

Mobile platform travel applications: Mobile platforms, including smartphones and tablet computers, continue to grow 

significantly. The improved functionality of mobile platforms has led to an increased use by consumers of standalone 
applications to research and book travel. If we are unable to offer innovative, user-friendly, feature-rich mobile applications and 
websites for our travel services, along with effective marketing and advertising, or if our mobile applications and websites are 
not used by consumers, we could lose market share to existing competitors or new entrants and our future growth and results of 
operations could be adversely affected. 

Social media websites: Social media websites, including Facebook, continue to develop search functionality for data 

included within their websites and mobile applications, which may in the future develop into an alternative research and 
booking resource for travelers, resulting in additional competition. Notably, Facebook has launched Dynamic Ads for Travel 
product, expanding its reach into the travel market.

Alternative accommodations: Airbnb and similar websites that facilitate the short-term rental of homes and apartments 

from owners provide an alternative to hotel rooms and vacation rental properties available through Expedia websites, including 
HomeAway. The continued growth of alternative accommodation sources could affect overall travel patterns generally and the 
demand for our services specifically in facilitating reservations at hotels and vacation rentals. Furthermore, Airbnb and similar 
websites have added other travel services, such as tours, activities, hotel and flight bookings, any of which could further extend 
their reach into the travel market as they seek to compete with the traditional OTAs.

Other participants in the travel industry: Traditional consumer eCommerce websites and group buying websites have 

periodically undertaken efforts to expand their local offerings into the travel market by adding hotel offers to their sites. To the 
extent such websites continue to expand these services over time, it may create additional competition. In addition, car 
rideshare services, such as Uber, increasingly compete with the traditional car rental services that we offer on our retail 
websites and to our corporate clients, which may negatively affect our car-based and corporate travel businesses. 

We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against any current, emerging and future competitors 

or on platforms that may emerge, or provide differentiated products and services to our traveler base. Increasing competition 
from current and emerging competitors, the introduction of new technologies and the continued expansion of existing 
technologies, such as metasearch and other search engine technologies, may force us to make changes to our business models, 
which could affect our financial performance and liquidity. 

In general, increased competition has resulted in and may continue to result in reduced margins, as well as loss of 

travelers, transactions and brand recognition. 

The industry in which we operate is dynamic. 

We continue to adapt our business to remain competitive, including investing in evolving channels such as metasearch 

and mobile, as well as offering new consumer choices, including inventory types and transactional models, and increasing 
supplier inventory on our existing platforms through acquisitions and partnerships. If we fail to appropriately adapt to 
competitive or consumer preference developments, our business could be adversely affected. Our attempts to adapt our current 
business models or practices or adopt new business models and practices in order to compete, may involve significant risks and 
uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, expenses associated with the initiatives, different 
legal or tax requirements, inadequate return on investments, difficulties and expenses associated with the integration of 
acquired brands and their inventory onto our platforms, as well as limit our ability to develop new site features. In addition, 
adaptations to our business may require significant investments, including changes to our financial systems and processes, 
which could significantly increase our costs and increase the risk of payment delays and/or non-payments of amounts owed to 
us from our supplier partners and customers. In addition, these new initiatives may not be successful and may harm our 
financial condition and operating results. 

Our business could be negatively affected by changes in search engine algorithms and dynamics or other traffic-
generating arrangements. 

We increasingly utilize internet search engines such as Google, principally through the purchase of travel-related 

keywords, to generate a significant portion of the traffic to our websites and the websites of our affiliates. Search engines 
frequently update and change the logic that determines the placement and display of results of a user’s search, such that the 
purchased or algorithmic placement of links to our websites and those of our affiliates can be negatively affected. In addition, a 
significant amount of traffic is directed to our websites and those of our affiliates through participation in pay-per-click and 
display advertising campaigns on search engines, including Google, and travel metasearch engines, including Kayak and 
TripAdvisor. Pricing and operating dynamics for these traffic sources can change rapidly, both technically and competitively. 
Moreover, a search or metasearch engine could, for competitive or other purposes, adopt emerging technologies, such as voice, 
alter its search algorithms or results, any of which could cause a website to place lower in search query results, or inhibit 

12

participation in the search query results.  If a major search engine changes its algorithms or results in a manner that negatively 
affects the search engine ranking, paid or unpaid, of our websites and the websites of our affiliates, or those of our third-party 
distribution partners, or if competitive dynamics impact the costs or effectiveness of search engine optimization, search engine 
marketing or other traffic-generating arrangements in a negative manner, our business and financial performance would be 
adversely affected, potentially to a material extent. In addition, certain metasearch companies have added or intend to add 
various forms of direct or assisted booking functionality to their sites. To the extent such functionality is promoted at the 
expense of traditional paid listings, this may reduce the amount of traffic to our websites or those of our affiliates. 

Our business depends on our relationships with travel suppliers and travel distribution partners.

An important component of our business success depends on our ability to maintain and expand relationships with travel 

suppliers, GDS partners, as well as owners and managers of vacation rental properties. A substantial portion of our revenue is 
derived from compensation negotiated with travel suppliers, in particular hotel suppliers, airlines, and GDS partners for 
bookings made through our websites. Each year we typically negotiate or renegotiate numerous long-term hotel and airline 
contracts. 

No assurances can be given that our compensation, access to inventory, or access to inventory at competitive rates, will 

not be further reduced or eliminated in the future, or that travel suppliers will not reduce average daily rates (“ADRs”), attempt 
to implement costly direct connections; charge us for or otherwise restrict access to content, increase credit card fees or fees for 
other services; fail to provide us with accurate booking information or otherwise take actions that would increase our operating 
expenses. Any of these actions, or other similar actions, could reduce our revenue and margins thereby adversely affecting our 
business and financial performance. 

Declines or disruptions in the travel industry could adversely affect our business and financial performance.

Our business and financial performance are affected by the health of the worldwide travel industry. Travel expenditures 

are sensitive to personal and business-related discretionary spending levels and tend to decline or grow more slowly during 
economic downturns. Decreased travel expenditures could reduce the demand for our services, thereby causing a reduction in 
revenue. 

For example, during regional or global recessions, domestic and global economic conditions can deteriorate rapidly 

resulting in increased unemployment and a reduction in available budgets for both business and leisure travelers, which slow 
spending on the services we provide and have a negative impact on our revenue growth. Additionally, if individual countries or 
regions experience deteriorating credit and economic conditions, and/or significant fluctuations of currency values relative to 
other currencies such as the U.S. dollar, it can lead to a negative impact on our foreign denominated net assets, gross bookings, 
revenues, operating expenses, and net income as expressed in U.S. dollars. Further economic weakness and uncertainty may 
result in significantly decreased spending on our services by both business and leisure travelers, which may have a material 
adverse impact on our business and financial performance. Political instability, including as a result of the recent United 
Kingdom “Brexit” referendum to withdraw from the European Union, geopolitical conflicts, significant fluctuations in 
currency values, sovereign debt issues, and macroeconomic concerns are examples of events that contribute to a somewhat 
uncertain economic environment, which could have a negative impact on the travel industry in the future. For example, the 
Paris terrorist attacks in November 2015 had a negative impact in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Our business is also sensitive to fluctuations in hotel supply, occupancy and ADRs, decreases in airline capacity, 
periodically rising airline ticket prices, or the imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, all of which we have 
experienced historically. 

Other factors that could negatively affect our business include: 

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•

•

Significant changes in oil prices;

Continued air carrier and hotel chain consolidation;

Reduced access to discount airfares;

Travel-related strikes or labor unrest, bankruptcies or liquidations;

Increased incidents of actual or threatened terrorism;

Periods of political instability or geopolitical conflict, resulting in additional restrictions on travel or travelers
becoming concerned about safety issues;

Natural disasters or events such as severe weather conditions, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes or earthquakes;

Travel-related accidents or the grounding of aircraft due to safety concerns; and

Health-related risks, such as the Ebola, H1N1, SARs and avian flu outbreaks.

13

Such concerns could result in a protracted decrease in demand for our travel services. This decrease in demand, 
depending on its scope and duration, together with any future issues affecting travel safety, could significantly and adversely 
affect our business, working capital and financial performance over the short and long-term. In addition, the disruption of the 
existing travel plans of a significant number of travelers upon the occurrence of certain events, such as severe weather 
conditions, actual or threatened terrorist activity or war, could result in the incurrence of significant additional costs and 
decrease our revenues leading to constrained liquidity if we, as we have done historically in the case of severe weather 
conditions, provide relief to affected travelers by refunding the price or fees associated with airline tickets, hotel reservations 
and other travel products and services. 

We rely on the value of our brands, and the costs of maintaining and enhancing our brand awareness are increasing. 

We invest considerable financial and human resources in our brands in order to retain and expand our customer base. We 

expect that the cost of maintaining and enhancing our brands will continue to increase due to a variety of factors, including 
increased spending from our competitors, promotional and discounting activities, the increasing costs of our growing customer 
loyalty programs, the increasing costs of supporting multiple brands and the impact of competition among our multiple brands, 
expansion into geographies and products where our brands are less well known, inflation in media pricing including search 
engine keywords and the continued emergence and relative travel-related traffic share growth of search engines and metasearch 
engines. During 2016, certain online travel companies and metasearch sites continued to expand their offline and digital 
advertising campaigns globally, increasing competition for share of voice, and we expect this activity to continue in the future. 
We are also pursuing and expect to continue to pursue long-term growth opportunities, particularly in emerging markets, which 
have had and may continue to have a negative impact on our overall marketing efficiency.

Our efforts to preserve and enhance consumer awareness of our brands may not be successful, and, even if we are 

successful in our branding efforts, such efforts may not be cost-effective, or as efficient as they have been historically. 
Moreover, branding efforts with respect to some brands within the Expedia portfolio have in the past and may in the future 
result in marketing inefficiencies and negatively impact growth rates of other brands within our portfolio.  In addition, our 
decisions over allocation of resources, and choosing to invest in branding efforts for certain brands in our portfolio at the 
expense of not investing in, or reducing our investments in, other brands in our portfolio could have an overall negative 
financial impact.  If we are unable to maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands and generate demand in a cost-
effective manner, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance. 

We rely on information technology to operate our businesses and maintain our competitiveness, and any failure to 
invest in and adapt to technological developments and industry trends could harm our business. 

We depend on the use of sophisticated information technologies and systems, including technology and systems used for 

website and mobile applications, reservations, customer service, supplier connectivity, communications, procurement, 
payments, fraud detection and administration. As our operations grow in size, scope and complexity, we must continuously 
improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to offer an increasing number of travelers enhanced products, services, 
features and functionality, while maintaining or improving the reliability and integrity of our systems and infrastructure. 

Our future success also depends on our ability to adapt our services and infrastructure to meet rapidly evolving consumer 

trends and demands while continuing to improve the performance, features and reliability of our service in response to 
competitive service and product offerings.  The emergence of cloud computing, the growth of alternative platforms such as 
smartphone and tablet computing devices and the emergence of niche competitors who may be able to optimize products, 
services or strategies that use cloud computing or for such platforms have, and will continue to require, new and costly 
investments in technology.  Transitioning to these new technologies may be disruptive to resources and the services we provide, 
and may increase our reliance on third party service providers.  For example, we are beginning to ramp up a multi-year project 
to migrate products and functionality and significantly increase our utilization of cloud computing services (such as Amazon 
Web Services).  In addition, we may not be successful, or may be less successful than our current or new competitors, in 
developing technology that operates effectively across multiple devices and platforms and that is appealing to consumers, either 
of which would negatively impact our business and financial performance. New developments in other areas, such as cloud 
computing and software as a service provider, could also make it easier for competition to enter our markets due to lower up-
front technology costs. In addition, we may not be able to maintain our existing systems or replace or introduce new 
technologies and systems as quickly as we would like or in a cost-effective manner. We have been engaged in a multi-year 
effort to migrate key portions of our consumer, affiliate, and corporate travel sites and back office application functionality to 
new technology platforms to enable us to improve conversion, innovate more rapidly, achieve better search engine optimization 
and improve our site merchandising and transaction processing capabilities, among other anticipated benefits. Implementations 
and system enhancements such as these have been in the past, and may continue to be in the future, more time consuming and 
expensive than originally anticipated, and the resources devoted to those efforts have adversely affected, and may continue to 
adversely affect, our ability to develop new site features. In addition, during the migration process the sites have in the past, and 

14

may continue in the future, to experience reduced functionality, decreases in conversion rates, and increased costs relating to 
maintaining redundant systems. Also, we may be unable to devote financial resources to new technologies and systems, or 
enhancements to existing infrastructure, technologies and systems, in the future. Overall, these implementations and systems 
enhancements may not achieve the desired results in a timely manner, to the extent anticipated, or at all. If any of these events 
occur, our business and financial performance could suffer. 

Acquisitions, investments or significant commercial arrangements could result in operating and financial difficulties.

We have acquired, invested in or entered into significant commercial arrangements with a number of businesses in the 
past, and our future growth may depend, in part, on future acquisitions, investments or significant commercial arrangements, 
any of which could be material to our financial condition and results of operations. Certain financial and operational risks 
related to acquisitions, investments or significant commercial arrangements that may have a material impact on our business 
are: 

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Diversion of management’s attention or other resources from our existing businesses, for example during 2016,
we expended significant resources in the integration of Orbitz Worldwide, Inc.;

Difficulties and expenses in assimilating the operations, products, technology, privacy protection systems,
information systems or personnel of the acquired company;

Use of cash resources and incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities in funding acquisitions, including with
regard to future payment obligations in connection with put/call rights, may limit other potential uses of our cash,
including stock repurchases, dividend payments and retirement of outstanding indebtedness;

Amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets and other adverse accounting consequences, including
changes in fair value of contingent consideration;

Expected and unexpected costs incurred in pursuing acquisitions, including identifying and performing due
diligence on potential acquisition targets that may or may not be successful, if unsuccessful could result in
unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting treatment, unexpected increases in taxes
due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial
condition;

Impairment of relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, vendors and affiliates of our business and the
acquired business;

The assumption of known and unknown debt and liabilities of the acquired company;

Failure of the acquired company to achieve anticipated traffic, transactions, revenues, earnings or cash flows or to
retain key management or employees;

Failure to generate adequate returns on our acquisitions and investments, or returns in excess of alternative uses of
capital;

Failure to properly and timely integrate acquired companies and their operations, reducing our ability to achieve,
among other things, anticipated returns on our acquisitions through cost savings and other synergies;

Entrance into markets in which we have no direct prior experience and increased complexity in our business;

•  Challenges relating to the structure of an investment, such as governance, accountability and decision-making 

conflicts that may arise in the context of a joint venture or majority ownership investment; 

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Impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets such as trademarks or other intellectual property arising from
our acquisitions;

Costs associated with litigation or other claims arising in connection with the acquired company;

Increased or unexpected costs or delays to obtain governmental approvals for acquisitions;

Increased competition amongst potential acquirers for acquisition targets could result in a material increase in the
purchase price for such targets or otherwise limit our ability to consummate acquisitions; and

Adverse market reaction to acquisitions or investments or failure to consummate such transactions.

Moreover, we rely heavily on the representations and warranties and related indemnities provided to us by the sellers of 

acquired companies, including as they relate to creation, ownership and rights in intellectual property and compliance with laws 
and contractual requirements. Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with past or future 
acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur 
unanticipated liabilities and harm our business generally. 

15

Our HomeAway business is in the process of transitioning to a primarily transaction-based business, which could have a 
material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

We are subject to legal, financial and competitive risk associated with HomeAway’s transition to a primarily 

transaction-based business. HomeAway historically generated the majority of its revenues when owners or managers of 
vacation rentals paid HomeAway subscription fees for the listing of their properties on the HomeAway family of sites. While 
subscription fees were the predominant source of revenue for HomeAway, a growing share of HomeAway’s revenue is now 
generated from a commission-based business model, where the traveler pays a service fee for the use of the HomeAway 
platform and the owner or manager of the property pays HomeAway a fee or a commission on a transactional basis for each 
booking of the property by a traveler. HomeAway launched the traveler service fee and introduced its Book with Confidence 
Guarantee in the United States beginning in February 2016, followed by a rollout in Europe beginning in June 2016. In 
addition, HomeAway moved to a single subscription option for its homeowners and property manager partners in July 2016.  
HomeAway’s business model transition involves significant additional risks and potential costs for HomeAway, including: 

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 Delays or unanticipated costs in implementing the transition, which may delay or negate any expected benefits;

 Supplier or traveler disruption similar to or worse than disruptions associated with previous business model and
platform migrations;

 Market research that indicated higher than expected price elasticity for travelers in increasingly transparent markets
such as HomeAway’s market and for HomeAway’s suppliers more broadly;

 Suppliers and travelers may not adopt HomeAway’s new payment structures as expected or at all, or may choose to
transact with competitors;

 Execution risk associated with launching a new business initiative that HomeAway did not have prior experience
in;

 Failure to implement or expand HomeAway’s technology, systems and network infrastructure in light of additional
payment processing and reporting complexity, or failure to do so at a reasonable cost;

 Higher cost of traffic reducing cost per view effectiveness and reducing HomeAway’s ability to spend at the
desired return on investment;

 Increased risk of fraud; and

 Additional potential tax exposures.

These risks could have a material adverse effect on HomeAway’s business and results of operations, which in turn could 

have a material adverse effect on Expedia’s operations and financial results. 

In addition, HomeAway has been and continues to be, subject to regulatory development that affect the vacation rental 

industry and the ability of companies like us to list those vacation rentals online. For example, some states and local 
jurisdictions have adopted or are considering statutes or ordinances that prohibit property owners and managers from renting 
certain properties for fewer than 30 consecutive days or otherwise limit their ability to do so, and other states and local 
jurisdictions may introduce similar regulations. Many homeowners, condominium and neighborhood associations have adopted 
rules that prohibit or restrict short-term vacation rentals. In addition, many of the fundamental statutes and ordinances that 
impose taxes or other obligations on travel and lodging companies were established before the growth of the Internet and e-
commerce, which creates a risk of these laws being used in ways not originally intended that could burden property owners and 
managers or otherwise harm our business. 

Our international operations involve additional risks and our exposure to these risks will increase as our business 
expands globally.

We operate in a number of jurisdictions outside of the United States and intend to continue to expand our international 
presence. As we have expanded globally, our international (non-U.S.) revenue has increased from 39% in 2010 to 43% in 2016.  
In foreign jurisdictions, we face complex, dynamic and varied risk landscapes.  As we begin to operate in new markets and 
countries, we must tailor our services and business models to the unique circumstances of such countries and markets, which 
can be complex, difficult, costly and divert management and personnel resources. Laws and business practices that favor local 
competitors or prohibit or limit foreign ownership of certain businesses or our failure to adapt our practices, systems, processes 
and business models effectively to the traveler and supplier preferences of each country into which we expand, could slow our 
growth. For example, to compete in certain international markets we have in the past, and may in the future, adopt locally-
preferred payment methods, which has increased our costs and instances of fraud. Certain international markets in which we 
operate have lower margins than more mature markets, which could have a negative impact on our overall margins as our 
revenues from these markets grow over time. 

16

As we continue to grow our global presence, we accumulate a greater portion of our cash balances outside of the United 
States in our foreign subsidiaries. Repatriation of cash balances by our foreign subsidiaries to the United States may result in a 
higher effective tax rate and incremental cash tax payments. 

In addition to the risks outlined elsewhere in this section, our international operations are also subject to a number of 

other risks, including: 

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Currency exchange restrictions or costs and exchange rate fluctuations, and the risks and costs inherent in hedging
such exposures;

Exposure to local economic or political instability and threatened or actual acts of terrorism;

Compliance with U.S. and Non-U.S. regulatory laws and requirements relating to anti-corruption, antitrust or
competition, economic sanctions, data content and privacy, consumer protection, employment and labor laws,
health and safety, and advertising and promotions;

Compliance with additional U.S. laws applicable to U.S. companies operating internationally;

Differences, inconsistent interpretations and changes in U.S. and non-U.S. laws and regulations, including tax laws
and regulations;

• Weaker enforcement of our contractual and intellectual property rights;

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Lower levels of credit card usage and increased payment and fraud risk;

Longer payment cycles, and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;

Preferences by local populations for local providers;

Restrictions on, or adverse tax and other consequences related to repatriation of cash, the withdrawal of non-
U.S. investments, cash balances and earnings, as well as restrictions on our ability to invest in our operations in
certain countries;

Financial risk arising from transactions in multiple currencies;

Slower adoption of the internet as an advertising, broadcast and commerce medium in those markets as compared
to the United States;

Our ability to support new technologies, including mobile devices, that may be more prevalent in international
markets;

Difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified employees in international markets, as well as managing staffing
and operations due to increased complexity, distance, time zones, language and cultural differences; and

Uncertainty regarding liability for services and content, including uncertainty as a result of local laws and lack of
precedent.

The China travel market in particular is significant and has grown significantly in recent years. Prior to May 2015, we 
conducted our operations in China primarily through our majority ownership interest in eLong, Inc., a leading online travel 
service provider in China. Following the sale of our eLong ownership stake in May 2015 to a group of China-based purchasers, 
including to a subsidiary of Ctrip International, Ltd., we have conducted our business in China through localized websites and 
commercial arrangements with local partners, including Ctrip. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to grow or even 
maintain market share and brand awareness in the highly dynamic and intensely competitive market in China and our failure to 
do so could significantly impact our ability to grow our overall business. 

A failure to comply with current laws, rules and regulations or changes to such laws, rules and regulations and other 
legal uncertainties may adversely affect our business, financial performance, results of operations or business growth. 

Our business and financial performance could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in or interpretations of 
existing laws, rules and regulations or the promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations applicable to us and our businesses, 
including those relating to travel and vacation rental licensing and listing requirements, the internet and online commerce, 
internet advertising and price display, consumer protection, anti-corruption, anti-trust and competition, economic and trade 
sanctions, tax, banking, data security and privacy. As a result, regulatory authorities could prevent or temporarily suspend us 
from carrying on some or all of our activities or otherwise penalize us if our practices were found not to comply with applicable 
regulatory or licensing requirements or any binding interpretation of such requirements. Unfavorable changes or interpretations 
could decrease demand for our products and services, limit marketing methods and capabilities, affect our margins, increase 
costs and/or subject us to additional liabilities. 

For example, there are, and will likely continue to be, an increasing number of laws and regulations pertaining to the 
internet and online commerce that may relate to liability for information retrieved from or transmitted over the internet, display 
of certain taxes and fees, online editorial and user-generated content, user privacy, behavioral targeting and online advertising, 

17

taxation, liability for third-party activities and the quality of products and services. Furthermore, the growth and development 
of online commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws and more aggressive enforcement efforts, 
which may impose additional burdens on online businesses generally. 

Likewise, the SEC, Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and Office of Foreign Assets Controls (“OFAC”), as well as foreign 

regulatory authorities, have continued to increase the enforcement of economic sanctions and trade regulations and anti-
corruption laws, across industries. U.S. trade sanctions relate to transactions with designated foreign countries, including Cuba, 
Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and the Crimea region of the Ukraine, and nationals and others of those countries, as well as 
certain specifically targeted individuals and entities. We believe that our activities comply with OFAC, European Union, and 
United Kingdom economic sanction and trade regulations and anti-corruption regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act (“FCPA”) and the UK Bribery Act. As regulations continue to evolve and regulatory oversight continues to 
increase, we cannot guarantee that our programs and policies will be deemed compliant by all applicable regulatory authorities. 
In the event our controls should fail or are found to be out of compliance for other reasons, we could be subject to monetary 
damages, civil and criminal money penalties, litigation and damage to our reputation and the value of our brands.  

We also have been subject, and we will likely be subject in the future, to inquiries from time to time from regulatory 

bodies concerning compliance with consumer protection, competition, tax and travel industry-specific laws and regulations, 
including but not limited to investigations and legal proceedings relating to the travel industry and, in particular, parity 
provisions in contracts between hotels and online travel companies, including Expedia described in Part I, Item 3, Legal 
Proceedings - Hotel Booking Practices Proceedings and Litigation. The failure of our businesses to comply with these laws and 
regulations could result in fines and/or proceedings against us by governmental agencies and/or consumers, which if material, 
could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, if such laws and regulations are not 
enforced equally against other competitors in a particular market, our compliance with such laws may put us a competitive 
disadvantage vis-à-vis competitors who do not comply with such requirements. We are unable at this time to predict the timing 
or outcome of these various investigations and lawsuits or similar future investigations or lawsuits, and their impact, if any, on 
our business and results of operations. 

The promulgation of new laws, rules and regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws, rules and regulations, in 
each case that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which we provide travel services could require 
us to change certain aspects of our business, operations and commercial relationships to ensure compliance, which could 
decrease demand for services, reduce revenues, increase costs and/or subject the company to additional liabilities. 

Furthermore, our future growth may be limited by anti-trust or competition laws. For example, our business has grown 

and continues to expand, and, as a consequence, increases in our size and market share may negatively affect our ability to 
obtain regulatory approval of proposed acquisitions, investments or significant commercial arrangements, any of which could 
adversely affect our ability to grow and compete. 

Application of existing tax laws, rules or regulations are subject to interpretation by taxing authorities. 

The application of various domestic and international income and non-income tax laws, rules and regulations to our 

historical and new products and services is subject to interpretation by the applicable taxing authorities. These taxing 
authorities have become more aggressive in their interpretation and/or enforcement of such laws, rules and regulations over 
time, as governments are increasingly focused on ways to increase revenues. This has contributed to an increase in audit 
activity and harsher stances by tax authorities. As such, additional taxes or other assessments may be in excess of our current 
tax reserves or may require us to modify our business practices to reduce our exposure to additional taxes going forward, any of 
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

A number of taxing authorities have made inquiries, filed lawsuits and levied assessments asserting we are required to 

collect and remit hotel occupancy, state and local sales or use taxes or other taxes, including, but not limited to, the legal 
proceedings described in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings. We are also in various stages of inquiry or audit with multiple 
European Union jurisdictions regarding the application of value added tax to our European Union transactions, as well as in 
multiple jurisdictions globally. While we believe we comply with applicable tax laws, rules and regulations in the jurisdictions 
we operate, tax authorities may conclude we owe additional taxes. We have in the past and may in the future be required in 
certain domestic and foreign jurisdictions to pay any such tax assessments prior to contesting their validity, which payments 
may be substantial. This requirement is commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” Payment of these amounts is not an admission 
that the taxpayer believes it is subject to such taxes. For example, as a pre-condition to challenging the assessments, in 2015, 
we paid $2.3 million under protest to the city of Portland, Oregon and Multnomah County, Oregon; during 2009, we paid $48 
million under protest to the city of San Francisco and an additional $25.5 million under protest on May 26, 2014 in connection 
with additional assessments; and during 2013, we paid $171 million to the state of Hawaii. In September 2015, following a 
ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court, the State of Hawaii refunded the Expedia companies $132 million of the original “pay-to-
play” amount, and Orbitz also received a similar refund of $22 million. The Expedia companies intend to appeal the August 5, 
18

2016 decision by the Hawaii tax court holding that taxes are due on the online travel companies’ services to facilitate merchant 
model car rental transactions, in which case the Expedia companies will be expected to pay under protest the full amount 
claimed due, or approximately $16.5 million, as a condition of appeal. Significant judgment and estimation is required in 
determining our worldwide tax liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations, 
including intercompany transactions and cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing, for which the ultimate tax determination is 
uncertain or otherwise subject to interpretation. Tax authorities may disagree with our intercompany charges, including the 
amount of or basis for such charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. We 
believe our tax estimates are reasonable, however, the final determination of tax audits could be materially different from our 
historical income tax provisions and accruals in which case we may be subject to additional tax liabilities, possibly including 
interest and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, financial condition and results of 
operations.  

System interruption, security breaches and the lack of redundancy in our information systems may harm our 
businesses.

We rely on information technology systems, including the Internet and third-party hosted services, to support a variety of 

business processes and activities and to store sensitive data, including booking transactions, intellectual property, our 
proprietary business information and that of our suppliers and business partners, personally identifiable information of our 
customers and employees, and data with respect to invoicing and the collection of payments, accounting, procurement, and 
supply chain activities. In addition, we rely on our information technology systems to process financial information and results 
of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with financial reporting, legal, and tax requirements. The risk of a 
cybersecurity-related attack, intrusion, or disruption, including by criminal organizations, hacktivists, foreign governments, and 
terrorists, is persistent. Additionally, as we continue to integrate our acquired companies, such as Orbitz, into our information 
technology systems, we may increase the risk of these system interruptions. We have experienced and may in the future 
experience system interruptions that make some or all of these systems unavailable or prevent us from efficiently fulfilling 
orders or providing services to third parties. These interruptions could include security intrusions and attacks on our systems for 
fraud or service interruption. Significant interruptions, outages or delays in our internal systems, or systems of third parties that 
we rely upon — including multiple co-location providers for data centers, cloud computing providers for application hosting, 
and network access providers — and network access, or deterioration in the performance of such systems, would impair our 
ability to process transactions, decrease our quality of service that we can offer to our travelers, damage our reputation and 
brands, increase our costs and/or cause losses. 

Potential security breaches to our systems or the systems of our service providers, whether resulting from internal or 

external sources, could significantly harm our business. We devote significant resources to network security, monitoring and 
testing, employee training, and other security measures, but there can be no guarantee that these measures will prevent all 
possible security breaches or attacks. A party, whether internal or external, that is able to circumvent our security systems could 
misappropriate customer or employee information, intellectual property, proprietary information or other business and financial 
data or cause significant interruptions in our operations. We may need to expend additional significant resources to protect 
against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches, and a security breach resulting in the reduction of website 
availability could cause a loss of substantial business volume during the occurrence of any such incident. Because the 
techniques used to sabotage security change frequently, are often not recognized until launched against a target, and may 
originate from less regulated or remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to 
implement adequate preventive measures. Security breaches could result in negative publicity, damage to reputation, exposure 
to risk of loss or litigation and possible liability due to regulatory penalties and sanctions or pursuant to our contractual 
arrangements with payment card processors for associated expenses and penalties. Security breaches could also cause travelers 
and potential users and our business partners to lose confidence in our security, which would have a negative effect on the value 
of our brands. Failure to adequately protect against attacks or intrusions, whether for their own systems or systems of vendors, 
could expose us to security breaches that could have an adverse impact on financial performance. 

In addition, no assurance can be given that our backup systems or contingency plans will sustain critical aspects of our 

operations or business processes in all circumstances, many other systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery or 
business continuity planning may not be sufficient. Fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquakes, 
acts of war or terrorism, acts of God, computer viruses, electronic intrusion attempts from both external and internal sources 
and similar events or disruptions may damage or impact or interrupt computer or communications systems or business 
processes at any time. Although we have put measures in place to protect certain portions of our facilities and assets, any of 
these events could cause system interruption, delays and loss of critical data, and could prevent us from providing services to 
our travelers and/or third parties for a significant period of time. In addition, any remediation efforts may be costly for which 
we may not have adequate insurance to cover such losses or costs. Moreover, the costs of enhancing infrastructure to attain 
improved stability and redundancy may be time consuming and expensive and may require resources and expertise that are 
difficult to obtain.

19

Amendment to existing tax laws, rules or regulations or enactment of new unfavorable tax laws, rules or regulations 
could have an adverse effect on our business and financial performance. 

Many of the underlying laws, rules or regulations imposing taxes and other obligations were established before the 
growth of the digital economy. If the tax laws, rules or regulations were amended, or if new unfavorable tax laws, rules or 
regulations were enacted, particularly with respect to occupancy, sales, value-added taxes, or unclaimed property, or other tax 
laws applicable to the digital economy, the results could increase our tax payments or other obligations, prospectively or 
retrospectively, subject us to interest and penalties, decrease the demand for our products and services if we pass on such costs 
to the consumer, result in increased costs to update or expand our technical or administrative infrastructure or effectively limit 
the scope of our business activities if we decided not to conduct business in particular jurisdictions. As a result, these changes 
could have an adverse effect on our business or financial performance. 

In addition, in the past U.S. and foreign governments have introduced proposals for tax legislation, or have adopted tax 
laws, that could have a significant adverse effect on our tax rate, or increase our tax liabilities, the carrying value of deferred 
tax assets, or our deferred tax liabilities. For example, in October 2015, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and 
Development (“OECD”) released a final package of suggested measures to be implemented by member nations in response to a 
2013 action plan calling for a coordinated multi-jurisdictional approach to “base erosion and profit shifting” (“BEPS”) by 
multinational companies. Multiple member jurisdictions, including countries in which we operate, have begun implementing 
recommended changes such as country by country reporting (“CBCR”). The CBCR standards require multinationals to disclose 
certain financial and economic indicators across geographies. The CBCR disclosure is expected to result in increased global tax 
audit activity.  Additional legislative changes are anticipated in upcoming years. Certain countries have adopted unilateral 
changes increasing the risk of double taxation. Any changes to U.S. or international tax laws or interpretation of current or 
existing law could impact the tax treatment of our earnings and adversely affect our profitability. Our tax liabilities in the future 
could also be adversely affected by changes to our operating structure, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with 
differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, or the discontinuance of beneficial 
tax arrangements in certain jurisdictions.

We continue to work with relevant authorities and legislators to clarify our obligations under existing, new and emerging 

tax laws and regulations.  

We are involved in various legal proceedings and may experience unfavorable outcomes, which could adversely affect 
our business and financial condition.

We are involved in various legal proceedings and claims involving taxes, property, personal injury, contract, alleged 

infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, antitrust, consumer protection, securities laws, and other claims, 
including, but not limited to, the legal proceedings described in Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings. These matters may involve 
claims for substantial amounts of money or for other relief that might necessitate changes to our business or operations. The 
defense of these actions is and will likely continue to be both time consuming and expensive and their outcomes cannot be 
predicted with certainty. Determining reserves for pending litigation is a complex, fact-intensive process that requires 
significant legal judgment. It is possible that unfavorable outcomes in one or more such proceedings could result in substantial 
payments that could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a 
particular period. 

We are subject to payments-related and fraud risks.

We have agreements with companies that process customer credit and debit card transactions, the volume of which are 
very large and continue to grow, for the facilitation of customer bookings of travel services from our travel suppliers. These 
agreements allow these processing companies, under certain conditions, to hold an amount of our cash (referred to as a 
“holdback”) or require us to otherwise post security equal to a portion of bookings that have been processed by that company. 
These processing companies may be entitled to a holdback or suspension of processing services upon the occurrence of 
specified events, including material adverse changes in our financial condition. An imposition of a holdback or suspension of 
processing services by one or more of our processing companies could materially reduce our liquidity. Moreover, there can be 
no assurances that the interchange rates or the fees we pay for the processing of customer credit and debit card transactions will 
not increase which could reduce our revenue thereby adversely affecting our business and financial performance. 

In addition, credit card networks, such as Visa, MasterCard and American Express, have adopted rules and regulations 

that apply to all merchants who process and accept credit cards and include payment card association operating rules, the 
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards, or the PCI DSS. Under these rules, we are required to adopt and implement 
internal controls over the use, storage and security of card data. We assess our compliance with the PCI DSS rules on a periodic 
basis and make necessary improvements to our internal controls. Failure to comply may subject us to fines, penalties, damages 
and civil liability and could prevent us from processing or accepting credit cards. 

20

Our results of operations and financial positions have been negatively affected by our acceptance of fraudulent bookings 

made using credit and debit cards or fraudulently obtained loyalty points. We are sometimes held liable for accepting fraudulent 
bookings on our websites or other bookings for which payment is subsequently disputed by our customers both of which lead 
to the reversal of payments received by us for such bookings (referred to as a “charge back”). Accordingly, we calculate and 
record an allowance for the resulting credit and debit card charge backs. Our ability to detect and combat fraudulent schemes, 
which have become increasingly common and sophisticated, may be negatively impacted by the adoption of new payment 
methods, the emergence and innovation of new technology platforms, including smartphones and tablet computers, and our 
global expansion, including into markets with a history of elevated fraudulent activity. In addition, for existing and future 
payment options we offer to our customers, we may become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements 
(including obligations to implement enhanced authentication processes that could result in significant costs and reduce the ease 
of use of our payments products), as well as fraud.  If we are unable to effectively combat fraudulent bookings on our websites 
or mobile applications or if we otherwise experience increased levels of charge backs, our results of operations and financial 
positions could be materially adversely affected. 

In addition, when onboarding suppliers to our websites, we may fail to identify falsified or stolen supplier credentials, 
which may result in fraudulent bookings or unauthorized access to personal or confidential information of users of our websites 
and mobile applications. A fraudulent supplier scheme could also result in negative publicity, damage to our reputation, and 
could cause users of our websites and mobile applications to lose confidence in the quality of our services. Any of these events 
would have a negative effect on the value of our brands, which could have an adverse impact on our financial performance. 

We have foreign exchange risk.

We conduct a significant and growing portion of our business outside the United States. As a result, we face exposure to 

movements in currency exchange rates, particularly those related to the British pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar, Australian 
dollar, Thai baht, Brazilian real, and Nordic currencies. 

These exposures include but are not limited to re-measurement gains and losses from changes in the value of foreign 

denominated monetary assets and liabilities; translation gains and losses on foreign subsidiary financial results that are 
translated into U.S. dollars upon consolidation; fluctuations in hotel revenue due to relative currency movements from the time 
of booking to the time of stay; planning risk related to changes in exchange rates between the time we prepare our annual and 
quarterly forecasts and when actual results occur; and the impact of relative exchange rate movements on cross-border travel 
such as from Europe to the United States and the United States to Europe. 

Depending on the size of the exposures and the relative movements of exchange rates, if we choose not to hedge or fail to 

hedge effectively our exposure, we could experience a material adverse effect on our financial statements and financial 
condition. As we have seen in some recent periods, in the event of severe volatility in exchange rates these exposures can 
increase, and the impact on our results of operations can be more pronounced. In addition, the current environment and the 
increasingly global nature of our business have made hedging these exposures more complex. We have increased and plan to 
continue increasing the scope, complexity and duration of our foreign exchange risk management. We make a number of 
estimates in conducting hedging activities including in some cases cancellations and payments in foreign currencies. In 
addition, an effective exchange rate hedging program is dependent upon effective systems, accurate and reliable data sources, 
controls and change management procedures. In the event our estimates differ significantly from actual results or if we fail to 
adopt effective hedging processes, we could experience greater volatility as a result of our hedging activities. 

Our stock price is highly volatile.

The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response 

to factors such as the following, some of which are beyond our control: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

 Quarterly variations in our operating and financial results;

 Operating and financial results that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors, including
failure to deliver returns on technology or emerging market marketing investments;

 Changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts
and investors;

 Rating agency credit rating actions or pronouncements;

 Reaction to our earnings releases and conference calls, or presentations by executives at investor and industry
conferences;

 Worldwide macro-economic conditions and fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

 Changes in our capital or governance structure;

21

• 

•

• 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

 Changes in market valuations of other internet or online service companies;

 Changes in search industry dynamics, such as key word pricing and traffic, or other changes that negatively affect
our ability to generate traffic to our websites;

 Announcements of dividends or changes in the amount or frequency of our dividends;

 Announcements of technological innovations or new services by us or our competitors;

 Announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures
or capital commitments;

 Loss of a major travel supplier, such as an airline, hotel or car rental chain;

 Changes in the status of our intellectual property rights;

 Lack of success in the expansion of our business model geographically;

 Significant claims or proceedings against us or adverse developments or decisions in pending proceedings;

 Significant security breaches;

 Additions or departures of key personnel;

 Rumors or public speculation about any of the above factors; and

 Price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets in general.

Volatility in our stock price could also make us less attractive to certain investors, and/or invite speculative trading in our 

common stock or debt instruments. 

We may experience constraints in our liquidity and may be unable to access capital when necessary or desirable, either 
of which could harm our financial position.

Due to our increasing international presence, we may continue to accumulate a greater portion of our cash flows in 
certain foreign jurisdictions than previously and any repatriation of such funds for use in the United States, including for 
corporate purposes such as acquisitions, stock repurchases, dividends or debt refinancings, would likely result in additional 
U.S. income tax expense. In addition, we have experienced, and may experience in the future, declines in seasonal liquidity and 
capital provided by our merchant hotel business, which has historically provided a meaningful portion of our operating cash 
flow and is dependent on several factors, including the rate of growth of our merchant hotel business and the relative growth of 
businesses which consume rather than generate working capital, such as our agency hotel, advertising and managed corporate 
travel businesses and payment terms with suppliers. We also continued to see growth in both our merchant (Expedia Collect) 
and our agency (Hotel Collect) hotel products. To the extent our merchant hotel business stopped growing or began to decline, 
it would likely result in pressure on our working capital cash balances, cash flow over time and liquidity.

The availability of funds depends in significant measure on capital markets and liquidity factors over which we exert no 
control. In light of periodic uncertainty in the capital and credit markets, we can provide no assurance that sufficient financing 
will be available on desirable or even any terms to fund investments, acquisitions, stock repurchases, dividends, debt 
refinancing or extraordinary actions or that our counterparties in any such financings would honor their contractual 
commitments. In addition, any downgrade of our debt ratings by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investor Service, Fitch or similar 
ratings agencies, increases in general interest rate levels and credit spreads or overall weakening in the credit markets could 
increase our cost of capital. 

We process, store and use personal information, payment card information and other consumer data, which subjects us 
to risks stemming from possible failure to comply with governmental regulation and other legal obligations.

We may acquire personal or confidential information from users of our websites and mobile applications. There are 
numerous laws regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information, 
payment card information and other consumer data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and 
may be inconsistent between countries or conflict with other rules. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal 
obligations and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection. It is possible, however, that these obligations 
may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other 
rules or the practices of the companies. Any failure or perceived failure by us, or our service providers, to comply with the 
privacy policies, privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or privacy related legal obligations, or any 
compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information, payment card 
information or other consumer data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation or public statements against the 
company by consumer advocacy groups or others and could cause our customers and members to lose trust in the company, as 

22

well as subject us to bank fines, penalties or increased transaction costs, all of which could have an adverse effect on our 
business. 

The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is currently in flux and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable 

future. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission and security of personal information by companies 
operating over the internet have recently come under increased public scrutiny. The U.S. Congress and federal agencies, 
including the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, are reviewing the need for greater regulation for 
the collection and use of information concerning consumer behavior on the internet, including regulation aimed at restricting 
certain targeted advertising practices. U.S. courts are also considering the applicability of existing federal and state statutes, 
including computer trespass and wiretapping laws, to the collection and exchange of information online. In addition, the 
European Court of Justice’s invalidation of the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework could make it more difficult for us to transfer 
data outside of the European Union for processing and the European Union’s reforms to its existing data protection legal 
framework, which may result in a greater compliance burden for companies, including Expedia, with users in Europe and 
increased costs of compliance. Finally, countries in other regions, most notably Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, are 
increasingly implementing new privacy regulations, resulting in additional compliance burdens and uncertainty as to how some 
of these laws will be interpreted. 

We rely on the performance of highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire, 
retain and motivate qualified personnel, our business would be harmed. 

Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends 

on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. 
In particular, the contributions of Barry Diller, our Chairman and Senior Executive, and Dara Khosrowshahi, our Chief 
Executive Officer, are critical to the overall management of the company. Our future success will depend on the performance of 
our senior management and key employees. Expedia cannot ensure that it will be able to retain the services of Mr. Diller, 
Mr. Khosrowshahi or any other member of our senior management or key employees, the loss of whom could seriously harm 
our business. We do not maintain any key person life insurance policies. 

Competition for well-qualified employees in certain aspects of our business, including software engineers, developers, 

product management personnel, development personnel, and other technology professionals, also remains intense. Our 
continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing 
employees. For example, additional barriers to or restricts on travel for professional or personal purposes, such as those in the 
United States in early 2017, may cause significant disruption to our businesses or negatively affect our ability to attract and 
retain employees on a global basis. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining or motivating 
existing employees, our business would be adversely affected. 

In addition, we have in the past and may again in the future, restructure portions of our global workforce to simplify and 

streamline our organization, improve our cost structure and strengthen our overall businesses. These changes could affect 
employee morale and productivity and be disruptive to our business and financial performance. 

Mr. Diller currently effectively controls Expedia. If Mr. Diller ceases to control the company, Liberty Expedia Holdings, 
Inc. may effectively control the company.

Subject to the terms of a Stockholders Agreement between Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings, Mr. Diller holds an 

irrevocable proxy to vote shares of Expedia stock held by Liberty Expedia Holdings, which proxy has been assigned by Mr. 
Diller to Liberty Expedia Holdings until the earlier of May 4, 2018 or the occurrence of certain termination events. By virtue of 
the agreements between Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings and their respective holdings in Expedia, the voting power of 
an irrevocable proxy granted to Mr. Diller by John C. Malone and Leslie Malone over their shares in Liberty Expedia Holdings 
and the governance arrangements at Liberty Expedia Holdings, during the period the assignment of the Diller Proxy and the 
proxy granted him by the Malones are in effect, Mr. Diller is effectively able to control the outcome of nearly all matters 
submitted to a vote or for the consent of our stockholders (other than with respect to the election by the holders of common 
stock of 25% of the members of our Board of Directors and matters as to which Delaware law requires a separate class vote). 
Upon Mr. Diller’s permanent departure from Expedia, the irrevocable proxy would terminate and depending on the 
capitalization of Expedia at such time, Liberty Expedia Holdings could effectively control the voting power of our capital 
stock. As a result of their agreements and respective holdings in Expedia, Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings may be 
deemed to share voting power over securities representing approximately 54% of the combined voting power of the outstanding 
Expedia capital stock as of December 31, 2016. 

In addition, under a Governance Agreement among Mr. Diller, Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc. and Expedia, Inc., as 
amended, each of Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings generally has the right to consent to limited matters in the event that 
we incur debt such that our ratio of total debt to EBITDA, as defined in the Governance Agreement, equals or exceeds 8:1 over 
a continuous 12-month period. We cannot assure you that Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings will consent to any such 

23

matter at a time when we are highly leveraged, in which case we would not be able to engage in such transactions or take such 
actions. 

As a result of Mr. Diller’s and Liberty Expedia Holdings’ ownership interests and voting power, the agreements between 

Mr. Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings and between Mr. Diller and the Malones, and the governance structure at Liberty 
Expedia Holdings, Mr. Diller is currently in a position to control or influence, and Liberty Expedia Holdings is in a position to 
influence, significant corporate actions, including, corporate transactions such as mergers, business combinations or 
dispositions of assets.  As a result of Liberty Expedia Holdings’ ownership interests and voting power upon Mr. Diller’s 
permanent departure from Expedia, in the future Liberty Expedia Holdings may be in a position to control or influence such 
corporate actions. This concentrated control could discourage others from initiating any potential merger, takeover or other 
change of control transaction that may otherwise be beneficial to us.  

Actual or potential conflicts of interest may develop between Expedia management and directors, on the one hand, and 
the management and directors of IAC, on the other.

Mr. Diller serves as our Chairman of the Board of Directors and Senior Executive, while retaining his role as Chairman 
of the Board of Directors and Senior Executive of IAC, and Mr. Kaufman serves as Vice Chairman of both Expedia and IAC. 
The fact that Mr. Diller and Mr. Kaufman hold positions with and securities of both companies could create, or appear to create, 
potential conflicts of interest for them when facing decisions that may affect both IAC and Expedia. They may also face 
conflicts of interest with regard to the allocation of their time between the companies. 

Our certificate of incorporation provides that no officer or director of Expedia who is also an officer or director of IAC be 

liable to Expedia or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that any such individual directs a 
corporate opportunity to IAC instead of Expedia, or does not communicate information regarding a corporate opportunity to 
Expedia because the officer or director has directed the corporate opportunity to IAC. This corporate opportunity provision may 
have the effect of exacerbating the risk of conflicts of interest between the companies because the provision effectively shields 
an overlapping director/executive officer from liability for breach of fiduciary duty in the event that such director or officer 
chooses to direct a corporate opportunity to IAC instead of Expedia. 

We work closely with various business partners and rely on third-parties for many systems and services, and therefore 
could be harmed by their activities. 

We could be harmed by the activities of third parties that we do not control. We work closely with business partners, 

including in connection with significant commercial arrangements and joint ventures, and through our Expedia Affiliate 
Network business. We also rely on third-party service providers for certain customer care, fulfillment, processing, systems 
development, technology and other services, including, increasingly, travel care and information technology services. If these 
partners or third-party service providers experience difficulty or fail to meet our requirements or standards or the requirements 
or standards of governmental authorities, it could damage our reputation, make it difficult for us to operate some aspects of our 
business, or expose us to liability for their actions which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial 
performance. Likewise, if the third-party service providers on which we rely were to cease operations, temporarily or 
permanently, face financial distress or other business disruption, we could suffer increased costs and delays in our ability to 
provide similar services until an equivalent service provider could be found or we could develop replacement technology or 
operations, any of which could also have an adverse impact on our business and financial performance. 

We are exposed to various counterparty risks.

We are exposed to the risk that various counterparties, including financial entities, will fail to perform. This creates risk in 

a number of areas, including with respect to our bank deposits and investments, foreign exchange risk management, insurance 
coverages, and letters of credit. As it relates to deposits, as of December 31, 2016, we held cash in bank depository accounts of 
approximately $1.3 billion (primarily in Bank of America, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, BNP Paribas, HSBC, and JPMorgan 
Chase) and held time deposits of approximately $324 million at financial institutions including, BNP Paribas, JPMorgan Chase, 
Mizuho Bank Ltd., National Australia Bank, and Standard Chartered Bank. Additionally, majority-owned subsidiaries held cash 
of approximately $313 million (primarily in Deutsche Bank and National Australia Bank). As it relates to foreign exchange, as 
of December 31, 2016, we were party to forward contracts with a notional value of approximately $1.9 billion, the fair value of 
which was a liability of approximately $4 million. The counterparties to these contracts were Barclays Bank, BNP Paribas, 
Bank of America, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Citibank, Credit Suisse International, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, 
JPMorgan Chase, Mizuho, Royal Bank of Canada, Standard Chartered Bank, The Bank of Nova Scotia, Societe Generale, and 
Wells Fargo.  We employ forward contracts to hedge a portion of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. 
At the end of the deposit term or upon the maturity of the forward contracts, the counterparties are obligated, or potentially 
obligated in the case of forward contracts, to return our funds or pay us net settlement values. If any of these counterparties 

24

were to liquidate, declare bankruptcy or otherwise cease operations, it may not be able to satisfy its obligations under these 
time deposits or forward contracts.

In addition, due to instability in the economy we also face increased credit risk and payment delays from our non-

financial contract counterparties. 

We have significant indebtedness, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We have outstanding long-term indebtedness with a face value of $3.2 billion and we have a $1.5 billion unsecured 

revolving credit facility. Risks relating to our indebtedness include: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

 Increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

 Requiring us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby
reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments
and other general corporate purposes;

 Making it difficult for us to optimally capitalize and manage the cash flow for our businesses;

 Limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our businesses and the markets in which we
operate;

 Placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and

 Limiting our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms we find acceptable.

The agreements governing our indebtedness contain various covenants that may limit our ability to effectively operate 

our businesses, including those that restrict our ability to, among other things: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

 Borrow money, and guarantee or provide other support for indebtedness of third parties including guarantees;

 Pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock;

 Enter into certain asset sale transactions, including partial or full spin-off transactions;

 Enter into secured financing arrangements;

 Enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and

 Enter into unrelated businesses.

In addition, our credit facility requires that we meet certain financial tests, including an interest coverage test and a 

leverage ratio test. 

Any failure to comply with the restrictions of our credit facility or any agreement governing our other indebtedness may 
result in an event of default under those agreements. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt, which 
acceleration may trigger cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions in other debt. In addition, lenders may be able to 
terminate any commitments they had made to supply us with further funds (including periodic rollovers of existing 
borrowings). In addition, it is possible that we may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future in the ordinary course of 
business. The terms of our credit facility and the indentures governing our outstanding senior notes allow us to incur additional 
debt subject to certain limitations. If new debt is added to current debt levels, the risks described above could intensify. 

We cannot be sure that our intellectual property and proprietary information is protected from copying or use by 
others, including potential competitors.

Our websites and mobile applications rely on content, brands, domain names and technology, much of which is 

proprietary. We establish and protect our intellectual property by relying on a combination of trademark, domain name, 
copyright, trade secret and patent laws in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, license and confidentiality agreements, and internal 
policies and procedures. In connection with our license agreements with third parties, we seek to control access to, and the use 
and distribution of, our proprietary information and intellectual property. Even with these precautions, however, it may be 
possible for another party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property without our authorization or to develop 
similar intellectual property independently. Effective trademark, domain name, copyright, patent and trade secret protection 
may not be available in every jurisdiction in which our services are made available, and policing unauthorized use of our 
intellectual property is difficult and expensive. We cannot be sure that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation or 
infringement of intellectual property. Any misappropriation or violation of our rights could have a material adverse effect on 
our business. Furthermore, we may need to go to court or other tribunals to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect 
our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. These proceedings might result in 
substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. 

25

We currently license from third parties some of the technologies, content and brands incorporated into our websites. As 
we continue to introduce new services that incorporate new technologies, content and brands, we may be required to license 
additional technology, content or brands. We cannot be sure that such technology, content and brand licenses will be available 
on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Part I. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Part I. Item 2. Properties

We lease approximately 3.3 million square feet of office space worldwide, pursuant to leases with expiration dates 

through November 2026.

We lease approximately 562,000 square feet for our headquarters in Bellevue, Washington, pursuant to leases with 
expiration dates through December 2019. We also lease approximately 1.1 million square feet of office space for our domestic 
operations in various other cities and locations pursuant to leases with expiration dates through March 2026.

We also lease approximately 1.6 million square feet of office space for our international operations in various cities and 

locations pursuant to leases with expiration dates through November 2026.

In addition to our leased space, on April 30, 2015, we acquired our future corporate headquarters for $229 million, 
consisting of multiple office and lab buildings located in Seattle, Washington. The build out of the headquarters is expected to 
be significant as we convert lab facilities into office space. We expect employees to be moved to the new location during 2019.

Part I. Item 3. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, Expedia and its subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings and claims involving 

property, personal injury, contract, alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights and other claims. The 
amounts that may be recovered in such matters may be subject to insurance coverage. 

Rules of the SEC require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation 
incident to the registrant’s business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve 
damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not individually exceeding 10% of the current assets of the 
registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters 
that the Company and its subsidiaries are defending, including those described below, involves or is likely to involve amounts 
of that magnitude. The litigation matters described below involve issues or claims that may be of particular interest to our 
stockholders, regardless of whether any of these matters may be material to our financial position or results of operations based 
upon the standard set forth in the SEC’s rules. 

Litigation Relating to Occupancy and Other Taxes 

A number of jurisdictions in the United States have filed lawsuits against online travel companies, including Expedia 
companies, such as Hotels.com, Expedia, Hotwire, Orbitz and HomeAway, claiming that such travel companies have failed to 
collect and/or pay taxes (e.g., occupancy taxes, excise taxes, sales taxes, etc.), as well as related claims such as unjust 
enrichment, restitution, interest, and penalties. In addition, we may file complaints contesting tax assessments made by states, 
counties and municipalities seeking to obligate online travel companies, including certain Expedia companies, to collect and 
remit certain taxes, either retroactively or prospectively, or both. Moreover, certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax 
assessments prior to contesting any such assessments. This requirement is commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” Payment of 
these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to such taxes and, even when such payments are made, we 
continue to defend our position vigorously. 

Actions Filed by Individual States, Cities and Counties 

City of Los Angeles Litigation.  On December 30, 2004, the city of Los Angeles filed a purported class action in 
California state court against a number of online travel companies, including Hotels.com, Expedia, Hotwire and Orbitz.  City 
of Los Angeles, California, on Behalf of Itself and All Others Similarly Situated v. Hotels.com, L.P. et al., No. BC326693 
(Superior Court, Los Angeles County).  The complaint alleged that the defendants failed to pay hotel occupancy taxes, and 
sought certification of a statewide class of all California cities and counties that have enacted uniform transient occupancy-
tax ordinances effective on or after December 30, 1990. The complaint alleged violation of those ordinances, violation of 
Section 17200 of the California Business and Professions Code, and common-law conversion; it also sought a declaratory 

26

judgment that the defendants are subject to hotel occupancy taxes on the hotel rate charged to consumers and imposition of a 
constructive trust, disgorgement, restitution, interest and penalties. On April 18, 2013, the trial court held that the online 
travel companies are not liable to remit hotel occupancy taxes to the city of Los Angeles. On January 8, 2014, the court 
entered final judgment in favor of the online travel companies.  In the administrative process preceding the litigation, the 
city of Los Angeles had issued assessments in September 2009 totaling $29.5 million against certain Expedia companies 
(Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire). On March 21, 2014, the city of Los Angeles filed a notice of appeal. The California 
Court of Appeals has lifted the stay for this case and the appeal will proceed in light of the California Supreme Court’s 
decision in the San Diego litigation.

City of Chicago Litigation.  On November 1, 2005, the city of Chicago, Illinois filed an action in state court against a 

number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. City of Chicago, Illinois v. Hotels.com, 
L.P., et al., No. 2005 L051003 (Circuit Court of Cook County). The complaint alleged that the defendants failed to pay hotel
accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance. The complaint asserted claims for violation of that ordinance,
conversion, imposition of a constructive trust and demanded a legal accounting. It also sought damages, restitution,
disgorgement, fines, penalties and other relief in an unspecified amount. On June 21, 2013 and subsequently on June 28,
2013, the court entered an order and a supplemental order resolving the parties' pending cross motions for summary
judgment. The court denied the defendant online travel companies' motion for summary judgment and granted in part and
denied in part the city of Chicago's motion for summary judgment, holding the online travel companies liable for hotel
occupancy taxes. On May 7, 2015, the court granted in part and denied in part the city's motion for summary judgment on
damages and penalties. On October 27, 2015, the court entered final judgment in the city's favor. Expedia, Hotels.com and
Hotwire filed a notice of appeal on November 25, 2015. That appeal remains pending.

City of San Diego, California Litigation. On February 9, 2006, the city of San Diego, California filed an action in state 

court against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. City of San Diego v. 
Hotels.com, L.P. et al., Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4472 (Superior Court for the County of San Diego).  
The complaint alleged that the defendants failed to pay hotel accommodations taxes as required by municipal ordinance.  
The complaint included claims for violation of that ordinance, for violation of Section 17200 of the California Business and 
Professions Code, conversion, imposition of a constructive trust and declaratory judgment, and sought damages and other 
relief in an unspecified amount. On September 6, 2011, the court granted the online travel companies' motion for judgment 
granting writ of mandate, denied the city's motion for judgment, and held that the online travel companies are not liable for 
hotel occupancy taxes. The city appealed. In the administrative hearing process preceding the lawsuit, the online travel 
companies were held liable for hotel accommodations taxes, including assessments totaling $16.5 million for the Expedia 
companies. On March 5, 2014, the California Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the online travel companies. The city filed a 
petition for review by the California Supreme Court and, on July 30, 2014, the California Supreme Court accepted review.  
The Court heard oral argument on September 29, 2016. On December 12, 2016, the California Supreme Court affirmed the 
Court of Appeals’ decision, concluding that the defendant online travel companies do not operate hotels, and therefore, they 
are not liable for hotel taxes. While not part of the court’s reasoning for its decision, the court commented that under the San 
Diego ordinance hotel taxes would be due on amounts that hotels require online travel companies to charge consumers under 
specific contractual rate parity clauses.

City of San Antonio, Texas Litigation.  On May 8, 2006, the city of San Antonio filed a putative statewide class action 
in federal court against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Orbitz. See City 
of San Antonio, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., SA06CA0381 (United States District Court, Western District of Texas, San 
Antonio Division). The complaint alleged that the defendants failed to pay hotel accommodations taxes as required by 
municipal ordinance. The complaint asserted claims for violation of that ordinance, common-law conversion, and 
declaratory judgment, and sought damages in an unspecified amount, restitution and disgorgement. On October 30, 2009, a 
jury verdict was entered finding that defendant online travel companies "control hotels," and awarding approximately $15 
million for historical damages against the Expedia companies. The jury also found that defendants were not liable for 
conversion or punitive damages. On April 4, 2013, the court entered a final judgment holding the online travel companies 
liable for hotel occupancy taxes to counties and cities in the statewide class. The online travel companies filed a motion for 
judgment as a matter of law or, in the alternative, for a new trial. The cities filed a motion to amend the judgment regarding 
calculation of penalties. On February 20, 2014, the court denied the online travel companies' motion. On January 22, 2015, 
the court granted in part and denied in part the cities' motion regarding penalties. On April 11, 2016, the court entered an 
amended judgment including approximately $68 million in tax, interest and penalty amounts for the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz. The online travel companies filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals on May 6, 
2016. Plaintiffs filed a notice of cross appeal on May 12, 2016. Those appeals remain pending. On July 25, 2016, plaintiffs 
filed a request for attorneys’ fees and costs in the trial court; the defendant online travel companies opposed that request and 
it remains pending.

Nassau County, New York Litigation.  On October 24, 2006, the county of Nassau, New York filed a putative statewide 

class action in federal court against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, and 

27

Orbitz. Nassau County, New York, et al. v. Hotels.com, L.P., et al., (United States District Court, Eastern District of New 
York). The complaint alleged that the defendants failed to pay hotel accommodation taxes as required by local ordinances to 
certain New York cities, counties and local governments in New York. The complaint asserted claims for violations of those 
ordinances, as well as claims for conversion, unjust enrichment, and imposition of a constructive trust, and sought 
unspecified damages. The county subsequently dismissed its case on May 13, 2011 on the basis that the court lacked 
jurisdiction and refiled in state court.  County of Nassau v. Expedia, Inc., et al., (In the Supreme Court of the State of New 
York, County of Nassau). The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the refiled state court case.  On June 13, 2012, the court 
denied the online travel companies' motion to dismiss.  On November 27, 2012, plaintiff filed a motion for class 
certification.  On April 11, 2013, the court granted plaintiff s motion for class certification. The online travel company 
defendants appealed both the court's certification order and its prior order denying their motion to dismiss.  On September 
10, 2014, the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division reversed the trial court's order granting the plaintiff s motion for 
class certification. In a separate opinion, the Appellate Division also affirmed in part and reversed in part the trial court's 
denial of the online travel companies' motion to dismiss.  On September 11, 2015, the parties filed cross motions for 
summary judgment. On September 25, 2015, Erie County, Orange County, Rensselaer County and Saratoga County, New 
York filed a motion seeking leave to intervene as plaintiffs in the lawsuit; the defendant online travel companies opposed the 
motion.  On February 23, 2016, the court granted the counties' motion to intervene. The defendants filed their notice of 
appeal from the February 23, 2016 Order on April 26, 2016. On July 20, 2016, the court entered a stipulated order permitting 
the addition of another group of taxing jurisdictions — the Counties of Chautauqua, Oswego, Steuben, Westchester, and the 
City of Saratoga Springs — as Intervenor-Plaintiffs in the lawsuit and agreeing that these Intervenor-Plaintiffs will be bound 
by the disposition of the defendants' appeal from the Supreme Court's February 23, 2016 Order granting intervention. On 
December 2, 2016, the court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment and denied plaintiff Nassau County’s 
motion for summary judgment. The court concluded that the enabling statute for plaintiff’s tax ordinance did not impose a 
tax on defendants’ fees. The court further invited defendants to file a successive motion for summary judgment against 
intervenors Orange County, Rensselaer County, Saratoga County and Erie County on similar grounds. The court also 
vacated its July 19, 2016 stipulation granting the Counties of Chautauqua, Oswego, Steuben, Westchester, and the City of 
Saratoga Springs permission to intervene. On December 23, 2016, defendants filed a motion for summary judgment against 
intervenors Orange County, Rensselaer County, Saratoga County and Erie County; that motion remains pending. 

City and County of San Francisco, California Litigation.   On May 13, 2008, San Francisco instituted an audit of a 

number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz, for hotel occupancy taxes claimed 
to be due from 2000 through the third quarter of 2007.  During an administrative hearing process, the hearing examiner 
upheld the tax assessments. Thereafter, the online travel companies proceeded to the California superior court to vacate the 
decision of the hearing examiner and for a declaratory judgment that the online travel companies are not subject to San 
Francisco's hotel occupancy tax.  Expedia, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, ET. al.; Hotels.com, Inc. v. City and 
County of San Francisco, ET. al.; Hotwire, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, ET. al., (Superior Court of the State of 
California, County of San Francisco). San Francisco also filed a lawsuit against hotels in the city for the recovery of hotel 
occupancy taxes on the online travel companies' services. The hotel suit was consolidated with the case relating to the online 
travel companies. On June 19, 2009, the court granted the city's demurrer on the "pay first" issue relating to pay-to-play 
provisions. Expedia and Hotwire's appeal of the "pay first" decision was denied, as was Hotels.com's appeal. The total 
assessed amount paid by the Expedia companies was approximately $48 million. On February 6, 2013, the court held that 
the online travel companies are not liable to remit hotel occupancy taxes to San Francisco. On October 10, 2013, the court 
entered judgment in favor of the online travel companies. On December 9, 2013, San Francisco filed a notice of appeal.  San 
Francisco also has issued additional tax assessments against the Expedia companies in the amount of $22 million for the 
time period from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2011. These subsequent tax assessments are 
pending before the court, and on August 24, 2013, the court held that these subsequent assessments against the online travel 
companies as well as the lawsuit against the hotels should be stayed pending the appeal of San Francisco's first assessment.  
On January 21, 2014, the city notified the Expedia companies that despite proceeding in court on its assessments that it now 
intended to proceed against the Expedia companies in the administrative process to recover the assessment amount of $22 
million. On May 14, 2014, the court heard oral argument on the Expedia companies' contest of the prepayment requirement 
for the additional assessments and held that the Expedia companies were required to prepay in order to litigate the legality of 
the assessments. On May 26, 2014, the Expedia companies paid $25.5 million under protest in order to contest the additional 
assessments. In addition, Orbitz in total has paid $4.6 million to the city of San Francisco in prepayment of taxes to contest 
these assessments issued against it by the city. The California Court of Appeals has lifted the stay for this case and the appeal 
will proceed in light of the California Supreme Court’s decision in the San Diego litigation.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas Litigation.  On September 25, 2009, Pine Bluff Advertising and Promotion Commission and 
Jefferson County filed a class action against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Inc., Hotels.com, 
Hotwire and Orbitz.  Pine Bluff Advertising and Promotion Commission, Jefferson County, Arkansas, and others similarly 
situated v. Hotels.com LP, et al. CV-2009- 946-5 (In the Circuit Court of Jefferson, Arkansas).  The complaint alleged that 
defendants have failed to collect and/or pay taxes under hotel tax occupancy ordinances.  The court denied defendants' 

28

motion to dismiss.  Plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification, which the court granted on February 19, 2013.  
Defendants appealed the class certification decision, and on October 10, 2013 the Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed that 
decision.

Town of Breckenridge, Colorado Litigation.  On July 25, 2011, the Town of Breckenridge, Colorado brought suit on 

behalf of itself and other home rule municipalities against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, 
Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz.  Town of Breckenridge, Colorado v. Colorado Travel Company, LLC, Case No. 
2011CV420 (District Court, Summit County, Colorado). The complaint included claims for declaratory judgment, violations 
of municipal ordinances, conversion, civil conspiracy and unjust enrichment.  The online travel companies filed a motion to 
dismiss. On June 8, 2012, the court granted in part and denied in part the online travel companies' motion to dismiss. On 
March 26, 2014, the court denied the plaintiffs' motion for class certification. The parties filed cross-motions for summary 
judgment and, on April 20, 2016, the court granted the online travel companies' motion for summary judgment, and denied 
the town's motion for summary judgment, holding that the Breckenridge Accommodations Tax does not apply to the online 
travel companies or the amounts they charge for their services. On June 8, 2016, the Town of Breckenridge filed a notice of 
appeal from the court's order on the parties' cross motions for summary judgment, as well as the court's prior rulings denying 
class certification and dismissing claims for state sales tax. On June 8, 2016, the Town of Breckenridge filed a notice of 
appeal from the trial court’s order on the parties’ cross motions for summary judgment, as well as the trial court’s prior 
rulings denying class certification and dismissing claims for state sales tax. On September 8, 2016, the Colorado Court of 
Appeals dismissed the Town of Breckenridge’s appeal without prejudice for lack of a final appealable judgment on the 
ground that the Town had failed to demonstrate that the trial court had disposed of claims against two non-online travel 
company defendants. On September 22, 2016, the trial court granted the Town’s motion to dismiss one of the non-online 
travel company defendants and entered final judgment for all other remaining defendants. On November 7, 2016, the Town 
again filed notice of appeal. The appeal remains pending.

State of Mississippi Litigation.  On December 29, 2011, the State of Mississippi brought suit against a number of 
online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz.  State of Mississippi v. Priceline.com, et al., 
Case No. G-2011-002211 (Chancery Court, Hinds County, Mississippi).  The complaint included claims for declaratory 
judgment, injunctive relief, violations of state sales tax statute and local ordinances, violation of Consumer Protection Act, 
conversion, unjust enrichment, constructive trust, money had and received and joint venture liability.  On March 23, 2012, 
the defendant online travel companies filed a motion to dismiss. On September 20, 2012, the court denied the defendants' 
motion to dismiss.

State of Kentucky Litigation.  On July 15, 2013, the Department of Revenue, Finance and Administration Cabinet, 
Commonwealth of Kentucky, filed a lawsuit in Kentucky state court against a number of online travel companies, including 
Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz.  Department of Revenue, Finance and Administration  Cabinet, Commonwealth 
of Kentucky, v. Expedia, Inc. et al., Case No. 13-CI-912 (Franklin Circuit Court, Commonwealth of Kentucky).  The 
complaint allege claims for declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, violations of state sales tax laws, breach of fiduciary 
duty requiring an accounting, conversion, assumpsit for money had and received imposition of a constructive trust, damages 
and punitive damages. On September 23, 2013, the defendant online travel companies filed a motion to dismiss, which the 
court denied on January 15, 2014.  On March 4, 2015, the plaintiff filed a motion for partial summary judgment on liability 
issues. On April 10, 2015, the defendant online travel companies' filed an opposition and cross-motion for partial summary 
judgment. On March 17, 2015, the court granted in part and denied in part the plaintiff s motion for summary judgment, 
finding that the OTCs' compensation is subject to state sales tax but that Plaintiff’ s common law claims are preempted.  The 
court denied the OTCs' motion for partial summary judgment. On April 20, 2016, the court clarified its earlier order by 
granting the OTCs' motion for summary judgment as to the plaintiff s common law claims. The parties reached a settlement 
and, on January 31, 2017, the court entered an order dismissing the case.

Village of Bedford Park, Illinois Litigation.  On April 5, 2013, a group of Illinois municipalities (City of Warrenville, 

Village of Bedford Park, City of Oakbrook Terrace, Village of Oak Lawn, Village of Orland Hills, City of Rockford and 
Village of Willowbrook) filed a putative class action in Illinois federal court against a number of online travel companies, 
including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz.  City of Warrenville, et al. v. Priceline.com, Incorporated, et al., Case 
No. 1:13-cv-02586 (USDC, D. Ill., Eastern Division).  The complaint sought certification of a class of all Illinois 
municipalities (broken into four alleged subclasses) that have enacted and collect a tax on the percentage of the retail rate 
that each consumer occupant pays for lodging, including service costs, denominated in any manner, including but not 
limited to occupancy tax, a hotel or motel room tax, a use tax, a privilege tax, a hotel or motel tax, a licensing tax, an 
accommodations tax, a rental receipts tax, a hotel operator's tax, a hotel operator's occupation tax, or a room rental, lease or 
letting tax.  The complaint alleged claims for relief for declaratory judgment, violations of municipal ordinances, 
conversion, civil conspiracy, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, damages and punitive damages. On July 
8, 2013, the plaintiff municipalities voluntarily dismissed their federal court lawsuit and filed a similar putative class action 
lawsuit in Illinois state court.  City of Bedford Park, et al. v. Expedia, Inc., et al.  (Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, 
Chancery Division). The online travel companies removed the case to federal district court.  On September 13, 2013, the 

29

online travel companies filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' common law claims.  On March 13, 2014, the court granted the 
defendant online travel companies' motion and dismissed the plaintiffs' common law claims.  On October 3, 2014, plaintiffs 
filed a motion for class certification, which the court denied without prejudice on January 6, 2015.  Plaintiffs filed a renewed 
motion for class certification, which the court denied on September 28, 2015. The case proceeded only on the claims 
brought by the individual plaintiff municipalities named in the suit. On February 1, 2016, the plaintiffs filed a motion for 
summary judgment. On February 29, 2016, the defendant online travel companies filed a cross motion for summary 
judgment. The Expedia and Orbitz defendants reached a settlement with one of the plaintiff municipalities -the city of 
Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois and on March 4, 2016, those parties filed a stipulation for voluntary dismissal of the city's claims. 
On June 20, 2016, the court granted the defendant online travel companies' motion for summary judgment as to 12 of the 13 
plaintiff municipalities, finding no liability for occupancy taxes in those jurisdictions. The court granted the plaintiffs' 
motion for summary judgment, and denied the defendants' motion, as to the Village of Lombard. On October 19, 2016, the 
trial court entered a stipulated judgment on plaintiff Village of Lombard’s claims. The parties filed cross notices of appeal 
from the trial court’s summary judgment ruling in November, 2016. These appeals remain pending.

State of New Hampshire Litigation.   On October 16, 2013, the State of New Hampshire filed a lawsuit against a 
number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, Orbitz and Egencia.  State of New Hampshire 
v. Priceline.com, et al., Case No. 217-2013-CV-00613 (Merrimack Superior Court, New Hampshire). The complaint alleged
claims for declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, violation of state meals and room tax law, violation of Consumer
Protection Act, breach of fiduciary duty, accounting, conversion, unjust enrichment, assumpsit for money had and received,
civil conspiracy, and constructive trust. On December 23, 2013, the defendant online travel companies filed a motion to
dismiss, which the court granted in part and denied in part on June 30; 2014.  On February 19, 2015, the plaintiff filed a
motion to amend its complaint. On May 5, 2015, the court issued an order denying the motion to amend except as to
"housekeeping changes." On May 27, 2015, plaintiff filed its amended complaint, which the Expedia defendants answered
on June 26, 2015. On December 21, 2015, the parties filed cross motions for summary judgment. The court heard oral
argument on the parties' motions on May 5, 2016. At the request of the Court, the Parties subsequently embarked on a
process designed to explore the possibility of agreement upon a Statement of Facts and, if there can be an agreement, to
prepare an Agreed Statement of Facts for submission to the Court on or before August 1, 2016. The court indicated that if
the parties were unable to agree, it would deny all pending motions and set the case for trial. The parties were unable to
agree on an Agreed Statement of Facts for submission to the Court by August 1, 2016.  On August 1, 2016, the defendants
filed a motion for leave of court to submit a renewed motion for summary judgment as to the plaintiffs’ consumer protection
act claims. On October 3, 2016, the court denied the motion and scheduled a trial date of May 1, 2017.

Arizona Cities Litigation.  Tax assessments were issued in 2013 by 12 Arizona cities (Apache Junction, Chandler, 
Flagstaff, Glendale, Mesa, Nogales, Peoria, Phoenix, Prescott, Scottsdale, Tempe and Tucson) against a group of online 
travel companies including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire and Orbitz. The OTCs petitioned for redetermination of the 
assessments. On May 28, 2014, the Municipal Tax Hearing Officer granted the online travel companies' protests to the 
assessments and ordered the cities to abate the assessments. On August 26, 2014, the cities appealed the Hearing Officer's 
decision by filing complaints and notices of appeal against the online travel companies in Arizona Tax Court.  (See, City of 
Phoenix, et al. v. Expedia, Inc., Case No. TX2014-00471). On August 31, 2015, the cities filed a motion for summary 
judgment. On September 30, 2015, the online travel companies filed a response to the cities' motion and their own cross 
motion for summary judgment. On April 20, 2016, the Arizona Tax Court granted the plaintiff cities' motion for summary 
judgment in part and denied it in part; the court also denied the defendant online travel companies' motion for summary 
judgment. On June 6, 2016, the Arizona Tax Court entered judgment. On June 21, 2016, the plaintiff cities filed a motion to 
amend or alter that judgment on the grounds that the court's ruling that the online travel companies do not owe past taxes 
based upon prior administrative guidance should be reversed. The defendant online travel companies opposed the motion.  
On October 17, 2016, the court denied the motion. On November 10, 2016, the plaintiff cities filed a notice of appeal. On 
November 16, 2016, the defendants filed a notice of appeal. These appeals remain pending.

Village of Matteson, Illinois Litigation.   On December 3, 2015, the Villages of Matteson, Bloomington and Oakbrook, 

Illinois filed a lawsuit in Illinois state court against a number of online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com, 
Hotwire, Egencia and Orbitz.  Village of Matteson, et al. v. Expedia, Inc. (WA), et al., Case No. 2015CHI7598 (Cook County 
Chancery Court, State of Illinois).  The complaint alleged claims for declaratory judgment, violation of municipal tax 
ordinances, fraud, conversion, civil conspiracy, unjust enrichment, imposition of a constructive trust, breach of fiduciary 
duty requiring an accounting, damages and punitive damages.  On April 4, 2016, the defendant online travel companies filed 
a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' common law claims.  On July 29, 2016, the court granted the motion and dismissed plaintiffs’ 
common law claims.

State of Louisiana/City of New Orleans Litigation.  On August 24, 2016, the State of Louisiana Department of 
Revenue and the City of New Orleans filed a lawsuit in Louisiana state court against a number of online travel companies, 
including Expedia, Hotels.com, Hotwire, Orbitz and Egencia.  See Kimberly L. Robinson, Secretary of the Department of 
Revenue for the State of Louisiana and City of New Orleans Department of Finance v. Priceline.com, Inc. et al., Case No. 

30

650894 (19th Judicial District Court, Parish of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana). The complaint alleged claims for declaratory 
judgment, violation of state and city tax laws, unfair trade practices, breach of fiduciary duty, and imposition of a 
constructive trust. On November 30, 2016, the defendant online travel companies filed a motion for judgment on the 
pleadings seeking dismissal of plaintiffs’ common law and unfair trade practices claims. The court has scheduled a hearing 
on that motion for February 13, 2016.

In addition, Orbitz is a party in the following proceedings:

State of Indiana Litigation.  On March 3, 2009, Orbitz filed an appeal to Indiana Tax Court for review of the Indiana 

Department of Revenue's assessment of hotel taxes against it.  Orbitz, LLC v. State of Indiana, Case No. 49T10-0903-TA-10 
(Indiana Tax Court 2009).  Both Orbitz and the Department of Revenue filed cross motions for summary judgment on 
August 2013.  On December 20, 2016, the court granted Orbitz’s motion and denied plaintiff’s, holding that Orbitz was not 
liable for tax.

In addition, HomeAway is a party in the following proceedings:

Palm Beach, Florida Litigation.  On January 13, 2014, Palm Beach County, Florida filed a lawsuit in Florida state 

court against HomeAway and other vacation rental listing businesses seeking tourist development taxes imposed by Palm 
Beach County.  Palm Beach County v. AirBnb, Inc., et al., Case No. 502014CA000428XXXXMBAO (15th Judicial Circuit 
Court, Palm Beach County, Florida).  On July 1, 2014, plaintiff filed an amended complaint.  On September 16, 2014, the 
defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint.  On December 12, 2014, the court denied the motion.  On December 22, 
2015, plaintiff filed its second amended complaint.  On July 20, 2015, the defendants filed a motion for judgment on the 
pleadings.  On November 5, 2015, the court denied defendants' motion.  The parties are in discovery, and the Court has set a 
trial date of July 31, 2017.

Portland, Oregon Litigation.  On October 21, 2015, the City of Portland, Oregon filed a lawsuit in federal district court 

against HomeAway.  City of Portland, Oregon v. Homeaway.com, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:15-cv-01984-MO (D. Or.).  The 
complaint alleges claims for declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, taxes and fines for alleged violations of the Portland 
Transient Lodgings Tax ordinance, including alleged failures to register, collect and remit tax and display certain information in 
advertisements and websites.  On November 13, 2015, HomeAway filed a motion to dismiss the complaint.  The court heard 
oral argument on the motion on May 17, 2016.  The court granted the defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiffs' claims, some 
with prejudice and some without. On July 11, 2016, the City of Portland filed an amended complaint. HomeAway responded by 
filing a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 5, 2016. The City of Portland opposed the motion. The court heard 
argument on the motion on December 16, 2016 and the parties await a ruling.

The City of Portland amended its ordinance on short-term rentals, which took effect on January 20, 2017.  On 

January 19, 2017, HomeAway filed two lawsuits challenging the amended ordinance. The first was filed in federal district 
court and sought a declaration that certain of the amendments violated the Communications Decency Act of 1996, the First, 
Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, the dormant commerce clause, and the Stored 
Communications Act. HomeAway.com, Inc. v. City of Portland, Case No. 3:17-cv-00091 (U.S. District Court, District of 
Oregon). HomeAway also sought to enjoin enforcement of the amended ordinance.  In response to the lawsuit, the city 
agreed to stay enforcement of the ordinance against HomeAway pending the court’s decision on HomeAway’s preliminary 
injunction motion. The hearing on that motion is scheduled for March 20, 2017. The second lawsuit was filed in state court 
and sought an injunction and declaration that the amended ordinance improperly seeks to impose transient lodging taxes on 
HomeAway even though the imposition of such taxes is not authorized by the City Charter or the state transient lodging 
statute applicable to localities. HomeAway.com, Inc. v. City of Portland, MCCC No. 17cv01894 (Multnomah County Circuit 
Court). 

Notices of Audit or Tax Assessments 

At various times, the Company has also received notices of audit, or tax assessments from over 15 states or counties and 

over 80 municipalities concerning our possible obligations with respect to state and local occupancy or other taxes. 

Actions Filed by Expedia 

Indiana State Sales Tax and County Innkeeper Tax Assessments.   On March 2, 2009, Travelscape, LLC, Hotels.com 

and Hotwire filed petitions in Indiana Tax Court appealing the final determination of the Indiana State Department of 
Revenue and seeking to enjoin the collection of the tax.  Travelscape, LLC v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause 
No. 49TJ 0-0903-TA-11; Hotels.com LP v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause No. 49TJ 0-0903-TA-l 3; Hotwire, 
Inc. v. Indiana State Department of Revenue, Cause No. 49Tl 0-0903-TA-l 2.

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Denver, Colorado Litigation.  On February 3, 2012, the City and County of Denver's Hearing Officer issued a final 

decision on tax assessments against the online travel companies. On March 7, 2012, the online travel companies filed a 
timely notice of appeal and complaint in state court seeking relief under two separate procedural bases of appeal.  Expedia, 
Inc., et al. v. City and County of Denver, Colorado, et al. (Case No. 2012cv1446, District Court for the City and County of 
Denver, Colorado).  On March 12, 2013, the trial court held that the online travel companies are liable for hotel occupancy 
taxes to the city and county of Denver, but held that taxes may not be collected for periods prior to April 2007 due to the bar 
of the statute of limitations.  Both the city and county of Denver and the online travel companies appealed from the trial 
court's decision.  On July 3, 2014, the Colorado Court of Appeals held that the online travel companies are not liable for 
hotel occupancy taxes.  On August 14, 2014, the City and County of Denver filed a petition for writ of certiorari seeking 
discretionary review by the Colorado Supreme Court of the Court of Appeals' decision. On September 8, 2015, the Colorado 
Supreme Court granted the petition. The Colorado Supreme Court heard argument on March 2, 2016 and the parties await a 
ruling.

Minnesota Cities Litigation.  In July 2015, the Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue assessed Travelscape, Hotels.com 

and Egencia for local lodging taxes administered by the Commissioner that are imposed by the cities of Minneapolis 
(including the Minneapolis Entertainment Tax), St. Paul and Rochester, Minnesota.  On October 19, 2015, the Expedia 
Companies filed an appeal from the orders of assessment with the Minnesota Tax Court.  The parties reached a settlement 
and, on January 11, 2017, the court dismissed the appeals, thereby ending the case.

State of Maine Litigation.  In 2015, the Maine Revenue Services assessed the Expedia Companies, including 

Travelscape, Hotels.com, Hotwire, and Orbitz for sales and use taxes.  The Expedia Companies' requests for redetermination 
of the assessments were declined.  On May 13, 2016, the Expedia Companies filed their petitions for review of the 
assessments with the Maine Superior Court.  The parties have reached a settlement in principle. 

Hawaii Tax Court Litigation (General Excise Tax).  During 2013, the Expedia companies were required to “pay-to-

play” and paid a total of $171 million in advance of litigation relating to general excise taxes for merchant model hotel 
reservations in the State of Hawaii.  In September 2015, following a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court, the State of 
Hawaii refunded the Expedia companies $132 million of the original “pay-to-play” amount. Orbitz also received a similar 
refund of $22 million from the State of Hawaii in September 2015. The amount paid, net of refunds, by the Expedia 
companies and Orbitz to the State of Hawaii in satisfaction of past general excise taxes on their services for merchant model 
hotel reservations was $44 million. The parties reached a settlement relating to Orbitz merchant model hotel tax liabilities, 
and on October 5, 2016, the Expedia companies paid the State of Hawaii for the tax years 2012 through 2015. The Expedia 
companies and Orbitz have now resolved all assessments by the State of Hawaii for merchant model hotel taxes through 
2015.  

The Department of Taxation also issued final assessments for general excise taxes against the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz, dated December 23, 2015 for the time period 2000 to 2014 for hotel and car rental revenue for “agency 
model” transactions. Those assessments are currently under review in the Hawaii tax courts.

Final assessments by the Hawaii Department of Taxation for general exercise taxes against the Expedia companies, 

including Orbitz, relating to merchant car rental transactions during the years 2000 to 2014 are also under review in the 
Hawaii tax courts. With respect to merchant model car rental transactions at issue for the tax years 2000 through 2013, the 
Hawaii tax court held on August 5, 2016 that general excise tax is due on the online travel companies’ services to facilitate 
car rentals. The court further ruled that for merchant model car rentals in Hawaii, the online travel companies are required to 
pay general excise tax on the total amount paid by consumers, with no credit for tax amounts already remitted by car rental 
companies to the State of Hawaii for tax years 2000 through 2013, thus resulting in a double tax on the amount paid by 
consumers to car rental companies for the rental of the vehicle. The court, however, ruled that when car rentals are paid for 
as part of a vacation package, tax is only due once on the amount paid by consumers to the car rental company for the rental 
of the vehicle. In addition, the court ruled that the online travel companies are required to pay interest and certain penalties 
on the amounts due.  The Expedia companies intend to appeal, and will be expected to pay under protest the full amount 
claimed due, or approximately $16.5 million, as a condition of appeal. The Hawaii tax court’s decision did not resolve 
“merchant model” car rental transactions for the tax year 2014, which also remain under review.

Non-Tax Litigation and Other Legal Proceedings 

Putative Class Action Litigation

Buckeye Tree Lodge Lawsuit.  On August 17, 2016, a putative class action suit was filed in federal district court in the 

Northern District of California against Expedia, Hotels.com, Orbitz, Expedia Australia Investments Pty Ltd. and trivago 
relating to alleged false advertising.  Buckeye Tree Lodge and Sequoia Village Inn, LLC v. Expedia, Inc., et al, Case No. 
3:16-cv-04721-SK (U.S. District Court, Norther District of California). Plaintiff has not effected service of process as to 
trivago. The putative class is comprised of hotels and other providers of overnight accommodations whose names appeared 

32

on the Expedia defendants’ websites with whom the Expedia defendants did not have a booking agreement during the 
relevant time period. The complaint asserts claims against the Expedia defendants for violations of the Lanham Act, the 
California Business & Professions Code, intentional and negligent interference with prospective economic advantage, unjust 
enrichment and restitution. On January 12, 2017, the court granted the Expedia defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiff’s 
claims for intentional and negligent interference with prospective economic advantage without prejudice.

Israeli Putative Class Action Lawsuit.  In or around September 2016, a putative class action lawsuit was filed in the 
District Court in Tel Aviv, Israel against Hotels.com.  Silis v. Hotels.com, (Case No. 23241-09-16CA). The plaintiff generally 
alleges that Hotels.com violated Israeli consumer protection laws in various ways by failing to calculate and display VAT 
charges in pricing displays shown to Israeli consumers.

Cases against HomeAway.com, Inc.  On March 15, 2016, a putative class action suit was filed in federal district court 
in Texas against HomeAway.com, Inc. related to its recent implementation of a service fee.  Arnold v. HomeAway.com, Inc., 
Case No. l-16-cv-00374 (U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas). The putative class is comprised of homeowners that 
list their properties on HomeAway’s websites for rent.  The complaint asserts claims against HomeAway for breach of 
contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, fraudulent concealment, and violations of the Texas 
Deceptive Trade Practices Act, the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and the California Unfair Competition Law.  
On April 15, 2016, another putative class action suit was filed against HomeAway, also related to the implementation of a 
service fee.  Seim v. HomeAway, Inc., Case No. 1:16- cv-00479 (U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas). The putative 
class is comprised of homeowners that list their properties on HomeAway’s websites. The complaint asserts claims against 
HomeAway for breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, fraudulent concealment, unjust 
enrichment, and violations of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, the Kentucky Consumer Protection Act, and other 
state consumer protection statutes. HomeAway moved to compel arbitration and dismissal in both of these cases on July 11, 
2016; a hearing on both motions to compel took place on August 24, 2016.  On January 10, 2017, the court denied 
HomeAway’s motion in Arnold. On January 18, 2017, the court granted HomeAway’s motion in Seim and entered final 
judgment dismissing the case. On February 2, 2017, Seim filed a notice of appeal.  On June 23, 2016, another putative class 
action was filed against HomeAway.com, Inc., also related to the implementation of a service fee.  Brickman v. HomeAway, 
Inc., Case No. 1:16-cv-00733 (U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas). This putative class is comprised of 
homeowners from nine different states that list their properties on HomeAway's websites. The complaint asserts claims 
against HomeAway for breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, fraudulent concealment, 
unjust enrichment, restitution, and violations of various state consumer protection statutes.  On October 28, 2016, Plaintiffs 
filed an amended complaint dismissing certain named Plaintiffs and adding two new named Plaintiffs. On December 6, 
2016, HomeAway filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which plaintiffs opposed. The motion remains pending. 
On November 7, 2016, another putative class action was filed against HomeAway.com, Inc., also related to the 
implementation of a service fee.  May v. Expedia, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:16-cv-01211 U.S. District Court, Western District 
of Texas). The complaint asserts claims against HomeAway for breach of contract, fraud, fraudulent concealment, and 
violation of the Oregon Unlawful Trade Practices Act.  It also names Expedia as a defendant. 

Other Legal Proceedings

HRC of San Francisco Litigation.  On February 2, 2015, the Housing Rights Committee of San Francisco ("HRC") and 

two individuals filed a lawsuit against HomeAway, Inc. alleging that HomeAway is liable for violations of Chapters 41 and 
41A of the San Francisco Administrative Code, for allegedly renting, offering to rent, or allowing rentals of those properties.  
Housing Rights Committee of San Francisco v. HomeAway, Inc., Case No. CGC-15-543932 (Superior Court of the County 
of San Francisco, California).  The plaintiffs also alleged that HomeAway "aids and abets" violations of the ordinances, 
violates California's Unfair Competition Law, causes public and private nuisances, and breaches a landlord's covenant of 
quiet enjoyment.  On April 12, 2015, HomeAway demurred to the Complaint.  HRC did not oppose the demurrer, but instead 
filed an Amended Complaint.  HRC was the sole plaintiff in the Amended Complaint.  In response to this Amended 
Complaint, HomeAway again filed a demurrer, which the trial court sustained. HRC appealed to the California Court of 
Appeals. The appeal remains pending.

San Francisco, California Litigation.  On July 12, 2016, HomeAway intervened in a pending lawsuit against the City 

and County of San Francisco requesting a declaration that certain amendments to San Francisco’s administrative code 
violate the Communications Decency Act of 1996, the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, and the 
Stored Communications Act.  Airbnb and HomeAway.com, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, Case No. 3:16-
cv-03615 (U.S. District Court, Northern District of California).  HomeAway also sought to enjoin enforcement of the
amendments. In response to the lawsuit, the City and County of San Francisco moved to stay the case to consider amending
the ordinance in response to the lawsuits. On July 19, 2016, the court granted the stay. The city amended its law again. On
September 6, 2016, HomeAway filed an amended complaint and motion for preliminary injunction to declare the new
amended law invalid. The city opposed the motion. On November 8, 2016, the court denied HomeAway’s motion for an
injunction but ordered the parties into settlement discussions. The parties are engaged in those proceedings.

33

Santa Monica, California Litigation.  On September 2, 2016, HomeAway filed a lawsuit against the City of Santa 
Monica requesting a declaration that certain sections of a Santa Monica ordinance violate the Communications Decency Act 
of 1996, the Storage Communications Act, and the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. 
 HomeAway.com, Inc. v. City of Santa Monica, Case Nos. 2:16-cv-6645-ODW-AFM; 2:16-cv-06641-ODW-AFM (U.S. 
District Court, Central District of California). On the same day, HomeAway filed a motion for preliminary injunction, 
seeking to enjoin enforcement of the ordinance. In response, the city requested a stay of proceedings to prepare and consider 
amendments to the Ordinance to address the legal challenges raised by Plaintiffs’ actions. The court granted the city's motion 
to stay the case until the effective date of any new Santa Monica ordinance. The city has passed an amended ordinance that 
takes effect February 23, 2017. 

Derivative Litigation 

In Re Orbitz Worldwide, Inc. Consolidated Stockholder Litigation, Case No. 10711-VCP (Court of Chancery of the State 
of Delaware). On April 8, 2015, an amended class action complaint was brought against Expedia, Inc. and Orbitz Worldwide, 
Inc. relating to the merger agreement signed by the parties. Plaintiffs assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty by the Orbitz 
Board of Directors and claims against Expedia for aiding and abetting in the Orbitz directors’ breach of their duties. Plaintiffs 
specifically claim that the Orbitz Board breached their fiduciary duties by agreeing to an inadequate price for the transaction 
and unreasonable deal protection devices. On May 20, 2015, Orbitz, its Board of Directors, and the plaintiffs entered into an 
agreement in principle to settle the lawsuit.  On August 29, 2016, plaintiffs filed a notice of dismissal and reserved their rights 
to seek an award of attorneys’ fees.

Competition Reviews, Litigation and Legislation Regarding Parity Clauses

Over the last several years, the online travel industry has become the subject of investigations by various national 

competition authorities ("NCAs"), particularly in Europe. Expedia is or has been involved in investigations predominately 
related to whether certain parity clauses in contracts between Expedia entities and accommodation providers, sometimes also 
referred to as "most favored nation" or "MFN" provisions, are anti-competitive.

In Europe, investigations or inquiries into contractual parity provisions between hotels and online travel companies, 

including Expedia, were initiated in 2012, 2013 and 2014 by NCAs in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland.  While the ultimate outcome of some of these 
investigations or inquiries remains uncertain, and Expedia’s circumstances are distinguishable from other online travel 
companies subject to similar investigations and inquiries, we note in this context that on April 21, 2015, the French, Italian and 
Swedish NCAs, working in close cooperation with the European Commission, announced that they had accepted formal 
commitments offered by Booking.com to resolve and close the investigations against Booking.com in France, Italy and Sweden 
by Booking.com removing and/or modifying certain rate, conditions and availability parity provisions in its contracts with 
accommodation providers in France, Italy and Sweden as of July 1, 2015, among other commitments. Booking.com voluntarily 
extended the geographic scope of these commitments to accommodation providers throughout Europe as of the same date.  

With effect from August 1, 2015, Expedia waived certain rate, conditions and availability parity clauses in its agreements 

with its European hotel partners for a period of five years. While Expedia maintains that its parity clauses have always been 
lawful and in compliance with competition law, these waivers were nevertheless implemented as a positive step towards 
facilitating the closure of the open investigations into such clauses on a harmonized pan-European basis.  Following the 
implementation of Expedia's waivers, nearly all NCAs in Europe have announced either the closure of their investigation or 
inquiries involving Expedia or a decision not to open an investigation or inquiry involving Expedia.  Below are descriptions of 
additional rate parity-related matters of note in Europe. 

The German Federal Cartel Office ("FCO") has required another online travel company, Hotel Reservation Service 
("HRS"), to remove certain clauses from its contracts with hotels. HRS’ appeal of this decision was rejected by the Higher 
Regional Court Düsseldorf on January 9, 2015. On December 23, 2015, the FCO announced that it had also required 
Booking.com by way of an infringement decision to remove certain clauses from its contracts with German hotels. 
Booking.com has appealed the decision and the appeal will be heard by the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf on February 8, 
2017. 

The Italian competition authority's case closure decision against Booking.com and Expedia has subsequently been 

appealed by two Italian hotel trade associations, i.e., Federalberghi and AICA. These appeals remain at an early stage and no 
hearing date has been fixed. 

On November 6, 2015, the Swiss competition authority announced that it had issued a final decision finding certain 

parity terms existing in previous versions of agreements between Swiss hotels and each of Expedia, Booking.com and HRS to 
be prohibited under Swiss law. The decision explicitly notes that Expedia's current contract terms with Swiss hotels are not 
subject to this prohibition. The Swiss competition authority imposed no fines or other sanctions against Expedia and did not 
find an abuse of a dominant market position by Expedia. The FCO’s case against Expedia’s contractual parity provisions with 

34

accommodation providers in Germany remains open but is still at a preliminary stage with no formal allegations of wrong-
doing having been communicated to Expedia to date. 

The Directorate General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Repression of Fraud (the “DGCCRF”), a directorate of 
the French Ministry of Economy and Finance with authority over unfair trading practices, brought a lawsuit in France against 
Expedia entities objecting to certain parity clauses in contracts between Expedia entities and French hotels. In May 2015, the 
French court ruled that certain of the parity provisions in certain contracts that were the subject of the lawsuit were not in 
compliance with French commercial law, but imposed no fine and no injunction. The DGCCRF has appealed the decision.

Hotelverband Deutschland (IHA) e.V. (a German hotel association) brought proceedings before the Cologne regional 

court against Expedia, Inc., Expedia.com GmbH and Expedia Lodging Partner Services Sàrl. IHA has applied for a ‘cease and 
desist’ order against these companies in relation to the enforcement of certain rate and availability parity clauses contained in 
contracts with hotels in Germany.

A working group of 10 European NCAs (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, 
Netherlands, Sweden and the UK) and the European Commission has been established by the European Competition Network 
(“ECN”) at the end of 2015 to monitor the functioning of the online hotel booking sector, following amendments made by a 
number of online travel companies (including Booking.com and Expedia) in relation to certain parity provisions in their 
contracts with hotels. The working group has issued questionnaires to online travel agencies including Expedia, meta-search 
sites and hotels in 2016, and is expected to report its results early in 2017.

Legislative bodies in certain countries have also adopted, or are proposing to adopt, new domestic anti-parity clause 
legislation. On July 9, 2015, the French National Assembly adopted Article 133 of the Loi Macron ("Article 133") that seeks to 
define the nature of the relationship between online reservation platforms and French hotels. Article 133 became effective on 
August 8, 2015. Expedia considers that Article 133 was drafted ambiguously and can be interpreted in a way that violates both 
EU and French legal principles. Therefore Expedia has submitted a complaint to the European Commission relating to Article 
133. However, following the effective date, Expedia has been in contact with its hotel partners in France regarding the impact
of Article 133. Legislation banning certain parity provisions in contracts between online travel companies and Austrian
accommodation providers became effective on December 31, 2016. Expedia believes this legislation violates both EU and
Austrian legal principles and therefore, Expedia has submitted a complaint to the European Commission relating to this
legislation.

A legislative proposal to prohibit narrow price parity clauses in hotel-OTA agreements in Italy is still pending in the 
Italian Senate and a motion requesting the Swiss government to take action on narrow price parity is currently under discussion 
in the Swiss parliament. The Company is unable to predict whether these proposals in their current form or in another form will 
ultimately be adopted and, if so, when this might be the case. It is not yet clear how any adopted domestic anti-parity clause 
legislations and/or any possible future legislation in this area may affect Expedia’s business. 

Outside of Europe, a number of NCAs have also opened investigations or inquired about contractual parity provisions in 
contracts between hotels and online travel companies in their respective territories, including Expedia. A Brazilian hotel sector 
association — Forum de Operadores Hoteleiros do Brasil — filed a complaint with the Brazilian Administrative Council for 
Economic Defence (“CADE”) against a number of online travel companies, including Booking.com, Decolar.com and Expedia, 
on July 27, 2016 with respect to parity provisions in contracts between hotels and online travel companies. On September 13, 
2016, Expedia submitted its response to the complaint to CADE.  Expedia recently resolved the concerns of the Australia and 
New Zealand NCAs based on implementation of the waivers substantially similar to those provided to accommodation 
providers in Europe on September 1, 2016 in Australia and on October 28, 2016 in New Zealand. Expedia is in ongoing 
discussions with a limited number of NCAs in other countries in relation to its contracts with hotels. Expedia is currently 
unable to predict the impact the implementation of the waivers both in Europe and elsewhere will have on Expedia's business, 
on investigations or inquiries by NCAs in other countries, or on industry practice more generally.

The Company is unable to predict how any pending appeals of administrative decisions and the remaining open 
investigations and inquiries by NCAs will ultimately be resolved, or whether further action in Europe will be taken as a result 
of the ECN’s working group's assessment and findings (once published). Possible outcomes include requiring Expedia to 
amend or remove certain parity clauses from its contracts with accommodation providers in those jurisdictions and/or the 
imposition of fines.

It is not yet clear how any adopted domestic anti-parity clause legislations and/or any possible future legislation in this 

area may affect Expedia’s business. Competition-related investigations, legislation or issues could also give rise to private 
litigation. For example, Expedia is involved in private litigation in Germany related to its current contractual parity provisions 
(see above). We are unable to predict how such litigation will be resolved, or whether it will impact Expedia’s business in 
Germany.

35

Part I. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Part II. Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “EXPE.” Our Class B 
common stock is not listed and there is no established public trading market. As of January 27, 2017, there were approximately 
2,360 holders of record of our common stock and the closing price of our common stock was $122.00 on Nasdaq. As of 
January 27, 2017, all of our Class B common stock was held by a subsidiary of Liberty Expedia Holdings.

The following table sets forth the intra-day high and low prices per share for our common stock during the periods 

indicated:

Year ended December 31, 2016
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter

Year ended December 31, 2015
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
First Quarter

Dividend Policy

$

$

High

Low

$

$

133.55
119.77
118.00
122.13

140.51
130.99
115.00
96.45

High

112.63
104.44
96.58
88.40

116.55
104.00
92.60
76.34

Low

In 2016 and 2015, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared the following 

dividends:

Year ended December 31, 2016:

Year ended December 31, 2015

Declaration Date

Dividend
Per Share

Record Date

Total Amount
(in thousands)

Payment Date

$

$

February 8, 2016
April 26, 2016
July 27, 2016
October 24, 2016

February 4, 2015
April 29, 2015
July 29, 2015
October 29, 2015

March 10, 2016 $
0.24
May 26, 2016
0.24
0.26
August 25, 2016
0.26 November 17, 2016

36,174
March 30, 2016
June 16, 2016
35,773
39,062 September 15, 2016
December 8, 2016
39,150

March 10, 2015 $
0.18
May 28, 2015
0.18
0.24
August 27, 2015
0.24 November 19, 2015

March 26, 2015
22,895
23,096
June 18, 2015
31,182 September 17, 2015
31,354 December 10, 2015

In February 2017, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash 
dividend of $0.28 per share of outstanding common stock payable on March 30, 2017 to the stockholders of record as of the 
close of business on March 9, 2017.

Declaration and payment of future dividends, if any, is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, 

among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements and surplus, financial condition, share dilution management, 
legal risks, tax policies, capital requirements relating to research and development, investments and acquisitions, challenges to 

36

our business model and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our credit agreement limits 
our ability to pay cash dividends under certain circumstances.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, we did not issue or sell any shares of our common stock or other equity 

securities pursuant to unregistered transactions in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

A summary of the repurchase activity for the fourth quarter of 2016 is as follows:

Period

October 1-31, 2016
November 1-30, 2016
December 1-31, 2016
Total

Total Number of
Shares Purchased

Average Price
Paid Per Share

Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs

Maximum
Number of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under Plans or
Programs

(In thousands, expect per share data)
—
35
702
737

—
126.71
118.47

— $
35
702
737

7,998
7,963
7,261

In 2015, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, authorized a repurchase of up to 10 million 

outstanding shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2016, 7.3 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under 
the 2015 authorization. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchases.

Performance Comparison Graph

The graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for Expedia 

common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, the RDG (Research Data Group) Internet Composite Index and the S&P 500. 
The graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of the above on December 31, 2011. The stock price performance shown in 
the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

37

Part II. Item 6. Selected Financial Data

We have derived the following selected financial data presented below from the consolidated financial statements and 

related notes. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future results and should be read in conjunction 
with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Consolidated Statements of Operations
Data:
Revenue
Operating income
Net income from continuing operations(1)
Discontinued operations, net of taxes(2)
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc.(1)
Earnings per share from continuing
operations attributable to Expedia, Inc.
available to common stockholders:

Basic
Diluted

Earnings per share attributable to
Expedia, Inc. available to common
stockholders:
Basic

Diluted

Shares used in computing earnings per
share:

Basic

Diluted

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

(in thousands, except per share data)

$

8,773,564
461,702

$

6,672,317
413,566

$

5,763,485
517,764

$

4,771,259
366,060

$

4,030,347
431,724

261,285

—
281,848

722,748

—
764,465

372,950

—
398,097

216,358

—
232,850

302,979
(22,539)
280,171

$

$

$

$

1.87

1.82

1.87

1.82

$

$

5.87

5.70

5.87

5.70

$

$

3.09

2.99

3.09

2.99

$

$

1.73

1.67

1.73

1.67

150,367
154,517

130,159
134,018

128,912
133,168

134,912
139,593

2.26

2.16

2.09

2.00

134,203
139,929

0.96

Dividends declared per common share

$

1.00

$

0.84

$

0.66

$

0.56

$

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

December 31,

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Working deficit

$ (2,676,947) $ (2,949,756) $ (1,263,283) $ (1,075,817) $

Total assets
Long-term debt
Non-redeemable non-controlling interest(3)
Total stockholders’ equity

15,777,546
3,159,336
1,560,802

15,485,675
3,183,140
65,373

5,693,103

4,929,767

9,012,299
1,738,548
109,462

1,893,729

7,734,689
1,244,620
113,521

2,258,985

(368,967)
7,126,796
1,243,395
109,129

2,389,388

___________________________________ 
(1) On May 22, 2015, we completed the sale of our 62.4% ownership stake in eLong, Inc. We recognized an after tax gain of

$395 million (or $509 million pre-tax gain) during 2015.

(2) On December 20, 2011, we completed the spin-off of TripAdvisor. Immediately prior to the spin-off, we effected a one-for-
two reverse stock split. In order to complete the spin-off, we were required to redeem the $400 million principal of our
8.5% senior notes due 2016, which were legally extinguished in the first quarter of 2012. Accordingly, the related debt
extinguishment losses was presented in discontinued operations for 2012.

(3) On December 16, 2016, our majority-owned subsidiary, trivago, completed its IPO. In conjunction with the IPO, Expedia
and trivago's founders entered into an Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement under which the original put/call
rights were no longer effective and, as such, we reclassified the redeemable non-controlling interest into non-redeemable
non-controlling interest on the consolidated balance sheet. See NOTE 12 — Redeemable Non-controlling Interests in the
notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

38

Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Expedia, Inc. is an online travel company, empowering business and leisure travelers with the tools and information they 

need to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. We have created a global travel marketplace used by a broad 
range of leisure and corporate travelers, offline retail travel agents and travel service providers. We make available, on a stand-
alone and package basis, travel products and services provided by numerous lodging properties, airlines, car rental companies, 
destination service providers, cruise lines, vacation rental property owners and managers, and other travel product and service 
companies. We also offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions 
through our various media and advertising offerings on our transaction-based websites. For additional information about our 
portfolio of brands, see the disclosure set forth in Part I, Item 1, Business, under the caption “Management Overview.”

All percentages within this section are calculated on actual, unrounded numbers.

Trends

The travel industry, including offline agencies, online agencies and other suppliers of travel products and services, has 

historically been characterized by intense competition, as well as rapid and significant change. Generally, 2015 and 2016 
represented years of continuing improvement for the travel industry. However, political instability, geopolitical conflicts, acts of 
terrorism, significant fluctuations in currency values, sovereign debt issues and macroeconomic concerns are examples of 
events that contribute to a somewhat uncertain environment, which could have a negative impact on the travel industry in the 
future.

Online Travel

Increased usage and familiarity with the internet have driven rapid growth in online penetration of travel expenditures. 

According to Phocuswright, an independent travel, tourism and hospitality research firm, in 2016, over 50% of U.S. and 
European leisure, unmanaged and corporate travel expenditures occurred online. Online penetration rates in the emerging 
markets, such as Asia Pacific and Latin American regions, are lagging behind that of the United States and Europe, and are 
estimated to be in the range of 30% to 40%. These penetration rates have increased over the past few years, and are expected to 
continue growing, which has attracted many competitors to online travel. This competition intensified in recent years, and the 
industry is expected to remain highly competitive for the foreseeable future. In addition to the growth of online travel agencies, 
airlines and lodging companies have aggressively pursued direct online distribution of their products and services. Competitive 
entrants such as “metasearch” companies, including Kayak.com (owned by The Priceline Group), trivago (in which Expedia 
owns a majority interest) as well as TripAdvisor, introduced differentiated features, pricing and content compared with the 
legacy online travel agency companies, as well as various forms of direct or assisted booking tools, the impact of which is 
currently uncertain. In addition, the increasing popularity of the “sharing economy,” accelerated by online penetration, has had 
a direct impact on the travel and lodging industry. Players such as Airbnb and HomeAway (which Expedia acquired in 
December 2015) have emerged as the leaders, bringing incremental alternative accommodation and vacation rental inventory to 
the market. Many other competitors, including vacation rental metasearch players, continue to emerge in this space, which is 
estimated to account for approximately $100 billion of annual travel spend and expected to continue to grow as a percentage of 
the global accommodation market. Furthermore, we have seen increased interest in the online travel industry from search 
engine companies as evidenced by recent innovations including direct booking functionality, as well as licensing deals and 
proposed and actual acquisitions by companies such as Google. Finally, traditional consumer e-commerce and group buying 
websites have been expanding their local offerings into the travel market by adding hotel offers to their sites.

The online travel industry has also seen the development of alternative business models and variations in the timing of 

payment by travelers and to suppliers, which in some cases place pressure on historical business models. In particular, the 
agency hotel model saw rapid adoption in Europe. Expedia has both merchant (Expedia Collect) and agency (Hotel Collect) 
hotel offerings for our hotel supply partners and we expect our use of these models to continue to evolve, including through the 
continued expansion of our ETP program, which offers travelers the choice of whether to pay Expedia at the time of booking or 
pay the hotel at the time of stay.

Intense competition also historically led to aggressive marketing efforts by the travel suppliers and intermediaries, and a 

meaningful unfavorable impact on our overall marketing efficiencies and operating margins. We manage our selling and 
marketing spending on a brand basis at the local or regional level, making decisions in each market that we think are 
appropriate based on the relative growth opportunity, the expected returns and the competitive environment. In certain cases, 
particularly in emerging markets, we are pursuing and expect to continue to pursue long-term growth opportunities for which 
our marketing efficiency is less favorable than that for our consolidated business, but for which we still believe the opportunity 

39

to be attractive. The crowded online travel environment is now driving certain secondary and tertiary online travel companies 
to establish marketing agreements with global players in order to leverage distribution and technology capabilities while 
focusing resources on capturing consumer mind share.

In May 2015, Expedia sold its 62.4% equity stake in eLong for approximately $671 million to several purchasers 
including Ctrip.com International, Ltd (“Ctrip”). Expedia and Ctrip also reached agreement on cooperation for certain travel 
products in specified geographic markets. The transaction closed on May 22, 2015. Unless otherwise noted, all discussion in 
the “Trends” and “Growth Strategy” sections refers to results for Expedia, Inc. excluding eLong.

Hotel

We generate the majority of our revenue through the facilitation of hotel reservations (stand-alone and package 

bookings). Although our relationships with our hotel supply partners have remained broadly stable in the past few years, as part 
of the global rollout of ETP, we reduced negotiated economics in certain instances to compensate for hotel supply partners 
absorbing expenses such as credit card fees and customer service costs, which has negatively impacted the margin of revenue 
we earn per booking. In addition, as we continue to expand the breadth and depth of our global hotel offering, in some cases we 
have reduced and expect to continue to reduce our economics in various geographies based on local market conditions. These 
impacts are due to specific initiatives intended to drive greater global size and scale through faster overall room night growth. 
Additionally, increased promotional activities such as growing loyalty programs contribute to declines in revenue per room 
night. Lastly, currency exchange rate fluctuations have had a negative effect on unit economics due to unfavorable book-to-stay 
as well as translation impacts. Based on these dynamics, our average revenue per room night declined in each quarter of 2014, 
2015, and 2016 and we expect it to remain under pressure in the future.

Since our hotel supplier agreements are generally negotiated on a percentage basis, any increase or decrease in ADRs has 

an impact on the revenue we earn per room night. Over the course of the last several years, occupancies and ADRs in the 
lodging industry have generally increased on a currency-neutral basis in a gradually improving overall travel environment. 
However, U.S. dollar-denominated ADRs declined in 2016 due to the currency translation impact. Current occupancy rates 
remain at record highs; however, U.S. hotel supply growth has been accelerating, which may put additional pressure on ADRs. 
In international markets, hotel supply is being added at a faster rate as hotel owners and operators try to take advantage of 
opportunities in faster growing regions such as China and India, among others. Companies like Airbnb have also added 
incremental global supply in the alternative accommodations space. In addition, while the global lodging industry remains very 
fragmented, there has been consolidation in the hotel space among chains as well as ownership groups. In the meantime, certain 
hotel chains have been focusing on driving direct bookings on their own websites and mobile applications by advertising lower 
rates than those available on third-party websites as well as incentives such as loyalty points, increased or exclusive product 
availability and complimentary Wi-Fi. We have had success adding supply to our marketplace with over 350,000 properties on 
our global websites as of December 31, 2016, including certain HomeAway vacation rental properties now available on other 
Expedia, Inc. sites. In addition, our room night growth has been healthy, with room nights excluding eLong growing 24% in 
2014, 36% in 2015, and 21% in 2016. ADRs for rooms booked on Expedia sites excluding eLong increased 3% in 2014, 
declined 5% in 2015, and declined 1% in 2016. As a percentage of our total worldwide revenue in 2016, hotel accounted for 
61%.

HomeAway

With our acquisition of HomeAway and all of its brands in December 2015, we have expanded into the fast growing $100 

billion alternative accommodations market. HomeAway is a leader in this market and represents an attractive growth 
opportunity for Expedia. HomeAway has been undergoing a transition from a listings-based classified advertising model to an 
online transactional model that optimizes for both travelers and homeowner and property manager partners, with a goal of 
increasing monetization and driving growth through investments in marketing as well as in product and technology. In addition, 
HomeAway rolled out a traveler service fee in the United States and Europe during the first half of 2016, consistent with 
market practice. The fee is expected to continue to contribute to HomeAway’s revenue growth and help fund marketing 
investment, programs to better protect travelers and future growth initiatives. Furthermore, HomeAway moved to a single 
subscription option globally in July 2016. As a percentage of our total worldwide revenue in 2016, HomeAway accounted for 
8%. 

Air

Significant airline sector consolidation in the United States in recent years has generally resulted in lower overall capacity 
and higher fares, which combined with the significant declines in fuel prices led to record levels of profitability for the U.S. air 
carriers, further strengthening their position. However, in 2015 and 2016, there has been evidence of discounting by the U.S. 
carriers while currency headwinds and weaker macroeconomic trends put pressure on international results. Ticket prices on 
Expedia sites excluding eLong declined 11% in 2015 and 6% in 2016 as short-haul traffic and low cost carriers grew alongside 

40

increasingly competitive airline pricing. We continue to encounter pressure on air remuneration as air carriers combine and as 
certain supply agreements renew.

Air ticket volumes excluding eLong increased 35% in 2015 and 32% in 2016 primarily due to the acquisition of Orbitz. 

As a percentage of our total worldwide revenue in 2016, air accounted for 9%.

Advertising & Media

Our advertising and media business is principally driven by revenue generated by trivago, a leading hotel metasearch site, 

in addition to Expedia Media Solutions, which is responsible for generating advertising revenue on our global online travel 
brands. In 2016, we generated a total of $807 million of advertising and media revenue representing 9% of our total worldwide 
revenue, up from $564 million (excluding eLong) in 2015.

Growth Strategy

Product Innovation. Each of our leading brands was a pioneer in online travel and has been responsible for driving key 
innovations in the space over the past two decades. Each Expedia technology platform is operated by a dedicated technology 
team, which drives innovations that make researching and shopping for travel increasingly easier and help customers find and 
book the best possible travel options. In the past several years, we made key investments in technology, including significant 
development of our technical platforms that makes it possible for us to deliver innovations at a faster pace. For example, we 
launched new global platforms for Hotels.com and Brand Expedia, enabling us to significantly increase the innovation cycle, 
thereby improving conversion and driving faster growth rates for those brands. In 2013, Expedia signed an agreement to power 
the technology, supply and customer service platforms for Travelocity-branded sites in the United States and Canada, enabling 
Expedia to leverage its investments in each of these key areas. The shift of Travelocity-branded sites to the Expedia technology 
platform was successfully completed over the course of 2014. In November 2014, Expedia completed the acquisition of Wotif 
Group and subsequently converted the Wotif.com site to the Expedia platform. In January 2015, we acquired the Travelocity 
brand and other associated assets from Sabre. The strategic marketing and other related agreements previously entered into 
were terminated. In September 2015, Expedia completed the acquisition of Orbitz Worldwide, including all of its brands. The 
migration of the Orbitz.com, CheapTickets.com and ebookers sites to the Expedia technology platform was completed in the 
first half of 2016, and Orbitz for Business customers were migrated to the Egencia technology platform as of July 2016. In 
December 2015, Expedia completed the acquisition of HomeAway, Inc., including all of its brands. We intend to continue 
leveraging these investments when launching additional points of sale in new countries, introducing new website features, 
adding supplier products and services including new business model offerings, as well as proprietary and user-generated 
content for travelers. In addition, while we aim to drive the top-line growth in our global brands, we are managing our regional 
brands, such as Travelocity, Orbitz.com, Wotif.com, ebookers and CheapTickets.com, with a greater focus on profitability.

Global Expansion. Our Expedia, Hotels.com, Egencia, and EAN brands operate both domestically and through 
international points of sale, including in Europe, Asia Pacific, Canada and Latin America. In addition, ebookers offers multi-
product online travel reservations in Europe and Wotif Group includes a leading portfolio of travel brands, including 
Wotif.com, Wotif.co.nz, lastminute.com.au, lastminute.com.nz and travel.com.au. Egencia, our corporate travel business, 
operates in over 65 countries around the world and continues to expand. The HomeAway portfolio has over 50 vacation rental 
sites all around the world. We own a majority share of trivago, a leading hotel metasearch company. Officially launched in 
2005, trivago is one of the best known travel brands in Europe and North America. trivago continues to operate independently 
and rapidly grow revenue through global expansion, including aggressive expansion in new countries. In December 2016, 
trivago successfully completed its IPO and trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "TRVG."  In addition, 
we have commercial agreements in place with Ctrip and eLong in China, as well as Decolar.com, Inc. in Latin America. In the 
2016, approximately 36% of our worldwide gross bookings and 43% of worldwide revenue were through international points 
of sale compared to just 21% for both worldwide gross bookings and revenue in 2005. We have a goal of generating more than 
two-thirds of our revenue through businesses and points of sale outside of the United States.

In July 2014, we completed the acquisition of Auto Escape Group, one of Europe’s leading online car rental reservation 
companies. Auto Escape Group has joined with the CarRentals.com brand, allowing it to expand internationally to provide our 
customers more choices across the globe and help our supply partners expand their marketing reach. 

In November 2014, we completed the acquisition of Wotif Group, an Australian online travel company. Wotif Group adds 

to our collection of travel’s most trusted brands and enhances our supply in the Asia-Pacific region, while allowing Expedia to 
expose the Wotif Group to our world-class technology and its customers to our extensive global supply. 

In January 2015, we acquired the Travelocity brand and other associated assets from Sabre. As a result of the acquisition, 

the strategic marketing agreement previously entered into during 2013, which joined Travelocity’s strong brand with our best-
in-class booking platform, supply base and customer service, was terminated. Evolving this relationship strengthens Expedia, 
Inc.’s ability to continue to innovate and deliver the best travel experiences to the widest set of travelers, all over the world.

41

In March 2015, we completed the acquisition of an additional 25% equity interest of AAE Travel Pte. Ltd., the joint 
venture formed between Expedia and AirAsia Berhad in 2011. This investment increases our total ownership in the venture to 
75% and we consider this business to be a key part of our Asia Pacific strategy. Following the close of the transaction in March 
2015, the financial results of the AirAsia Expedia venture are included in Expedia’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2015, Expedia and Decolar.com, Inc., the Latin American online travel company that operates the Decolar.com 

and Despegar.com branded websites, announced that the two companies have expanded their partnership to include deeper 
cooperation on hotel supply and a minority equity investment by Expedia. Building on the commercial relationship the two 
companies have had since 2002, the expanded agreement broadens Expedia’s powering of Decolar’s hotel supply and 
introduces the opportunity for Decolar to provide Expedia access to its hotel supply in Latin America. The customers of both 
companies will benefit from the broad, shared selection of hotels, and hotel partners will gain increased access to travelers in 
Latin America and around the world.

In September 2015, we completed the acquisition of Orbitz Worldwide, a leading global portfolio of travel brands and 
business-to-business offerings. The addition of Orbitz Worldwide brings Expedia an attractive set of well-recognized brands 
built by a talented team that is passionate about travel.

In December 2015, we completed the acquisition of HomeAway, which operates an online marketplace for the vacation 

rental industry, with sites representing over one million online bookable listings of vacation rental homes in over 190 countries. 
With Expedia’s expertise in powering global transactional platforms and our industry-leading technology capabilities, we are 
partnering with our HomeAway brand to accelerate their shift from a classified marketplace to an online, transactional model to 
create even better experiences for HomeAway’s global traveler audience and the owners and managers of its properties around 
the world.

In expanding our global reach, we leverage significant investments in technology, operations, brand building, supplier 

relationships and other initiatives that we have made since the launch of Expedia.com in 1996. Our scale of operations 
enhances the value of technology innovations we introduce on behalf of our travelers and suppliers. We believe that our size 
and scale afford the company the ability to negotiate competitive rates with our supply partners, provide breadth of choice and 
travel deals to our traveling customers through an expanding supply portfolio and create opportunities for new value added 
offers for our customers such as our loyalty programs. The size of Expedia’s worldwide traveler base makes our sites an 
increasingly appealing channel for travel suppliers to reach customers. In addition, the sheer size of our user base and search 
query volume allows us to test new technologies very quickly in order to determine which innovations are most likely to 
improve the travel research and booking process, and then roll those features out to our worldwide audience in order to drive 
improvements in conversion.

New Channel Penetration. Technological innovations and developments continue to create new opportunities for travel 
bookings made through mobile devices, in addition to more traditional methods like desktop and laptop computers. In the past 
few years, each of our brands made significant progress creating new mobile websites and mobile applications that are 
receiving strong reviews and solid download trends, and some of our brands now see more traffic via mobile devices than via 
traditional desktops. Mobile bookings via smartphones continue to present an opportunity for incremental growth as they are 
often completed within one or two days of the travel or stay, which is a much shorter booking window than we had historically 
experienced via more traditional online booking methods. In addition, we are seeing increasing cross-device usage among our 
customers, who connect to our websites and apps across multiple devices and platforms throughout their travel planning 
process. We also believe mobile represents an efficient marketing channel given the opportunity for direct traffic acquisition, 
increase in share of wallet and in repeat customers, particularly through mobile applications. During the year ended 
December 31, 2016, nearly one in three Expedia, Inc. transactions were booked globally on a mobile device.

Seasonality

We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, 
traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, 
summer and winter holiday travel. The number of bookings typically decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue for most 
of our travel products, including merchant and agency hotel, is recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is 
booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. The seasonal revenue impact is exacerbated with respect to 
income by the nature of our variable cost of revenue and direct sales and marketing costs, which we typically realize in closer 
alignment to booking volumes, and the more stable nature of our fixed costs. Furthermore, operating profits for our primary 
advertising business, trivago, are experienced in the second half of the year as selling and marketing costs offset revenue in the 
first half of the year as we aggressively market during the busy booking period for spring, summer and winter holiday travel. 
Additionally, trivago has historically earned a substantial portion of its operating profits in the fourth quarter. As a result on a 
consolidated basis, revenue and income are typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter. The 
continued growth of our international operations, advertising business or a change in our product mix, including the 
assimilation and growth of HomeAway, may influence the typical trend of the seasonality in the future. We expect that as 

42

HomeAway continues its shift to more of a transaction-based business model for vacation rental listings its seasonal trends will 
generally trend similar to our other traditional leisure businesses over time. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we believe are important in the preparation of our consolidated 

financial statements because they require that we use judgment and estimates in applying those policies. We prepare our 
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United States (“GAAP”). Preparation of the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires that we make 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as revenue and expenses during the periods reported. 
We base our estimates on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under 
the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There are certain critical estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the preparation of our consolidated 

financial statements. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:

•

•

It requires us to make an assumption because information was not available at the time or it included matters that were
highly uncertain at the time we were making the estimate; and

Changes in the estimate or different estimates that we could have selected may have had a material impact on our
financial condition or results of operations.

For more information on each of these policies, see NOTE 2 — Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to 
consolidated financial statements. We discuss information about the nature and rationale for our critical accounting estimates 
below.

Accounting for Certain Merchant Revenue

We accrue the cost of certain merchant revenue based on the amount we expect to be billed by suppliers. In certain 
instances when a supplier invoices us for less than the cost we accrued, we generally recognize those amounts as revenue six 
months in arrears, net of an allowance, when we determine it is not probable that we will be required to pay the supplier, based 
on historical experience and contract terms. Actual revenue could be greater or less than the amounts estimated due to changes 
in hotel billing practices or changes in traveler behavior.

Loyalty Program Accruals

We offer certain internally administered traveler loyalty programs to our customers, such as our Hotels.com Rewards 
program, our Brand Expedia Expedia+ rewards program and our Orbitz rewards program. Hotels.com Rewards offers travelers 
one free night at any Hotels.com partner property after that traveler stays 10 nights, subject to certain restrictions. Expedia+ 
rewards enables participating travelers to earn points on all hotel, flight, package and activities made on over 30 Brand Expedia 
websites. Orbitz Rewards allows travelers to earn OrbucksSM, the currency of Orbitz Rewards, on flights, hotels and vacation 
packages and instantly redeem those Orbucks on future bookings at various hotels worldwide. As travelers accumulate points 
towards free travel products, we record a liability for the estimated future cost of redemptions. The cost of these loyalty points 
is recorded as a reduction to revenue in our consolidated financial statements. We determine the future redemption obligation 
based on judgment factors including: (i) the estimated cost of travel products to be redeemed, and (ii) an estimated redemption 
rate based on the overall accumulation and usage of points towards free travel products, which is determined through current 
and historical trends as well as statistical modeling techniques. The actual future cost and rate of redemptions could differ 
materially from our estimates.

Business Combinations

We assign the value of the consideration transferred to acquire a business to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess purchase price over 
the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. When determining the fair values of 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to 
intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include but are not limited to future expected cash flows 
from customer relationships and trade names, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon 
assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may 
differ from estimates.

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Recoverability of Goodwill and Indefinite and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill. We assess goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events and circumstances 
indicate impairment may have occurred. In the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we typically first perform a qualitative 
assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying 
amount. If so, we perform a quantitative assessment and compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. If the 
carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is potentially impaired and we 
proceed to step two of the impairment analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the 
excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value should such a circumstance arise. 
Periodically, we may choose to forgo the initial qualitative assessment and perform quantitative analysis to assist in our annual 
evaluation.

We generally base our measurement of fair value of reporting units on a blended analysis of the present value of future 

discounted cash flows and market valuation approach. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting 
units based on the present value of the cash flows that we expect the reporting units to generate in the future. Our significant 
estimates in the discounted cash flows model include: our weighted average cost of capital; long-term rate of growth and 
profitability of our business; and working capital effects. The market valuation approach indicates the fair value of the business 
based on a comparison of the Company to comparable publicly traded firms in similar lines of business. Our significant 
estimates in the market approach model include identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, 
growth, profitability, risk and return on investment and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in 
estimating the fair value of the reporting units.

We believe the weighted use of discounted cash flows and market approach is the best method for determining the fair 
value of our reporting units because these are the most common valuation methodologies used within the travel and internet 
industries; and the blended use of both models compensates for the inherent risks associated with either model if used on a 
stand-alone basis.

In addition to measuring the fair value of our reporting units as described above, we consider the combined carrying and 
fair values of our reporting units in relation to the Company’s total fair value of equity plus debt as of the assessment date. Our 
equity value assumes our fully diluted market capitalization, using either the stock price on the valuation date or the average 
stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date, plus an estimated acquisition premium which is based on 
observable transactions of comparable companies. The debt value is based on the highest value expected to be paid to 
repurchase the debt, which can be fair value, principal or principal plus a premium depending on the terms of each debt 
instrument.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. We base our measurement of fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, which 
primarily consist of trade name and trademarks, using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes that the trade name 
and trademarks have value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received 
from them. This method requires us to estimate the future revenue for the related brands, the appropriate royalty rate and the 
weighted average cost of capital.

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets. We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups to be used in 

operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be 
recoverable. Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant adverse change in the extent or 
manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that could affect the value 
of the asset, or a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, among others. If such facts indicate a potential 
impairment, we would assess the recoverability of an asset group by determining if the carrying value of the asset group 
exceeds the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets 
over the remaining economic life of the primary asset in the asset group. If the recoverability test indicates that the carrying 
value of the asset group is not recoverable, we will estimate the fair value of the asset group using appropriate valuation 
methodologies, which would typically include an estimate of discounted cash flows. Any impairment would be measured as the 
difference between the asset groups carrying amount and its estimated fair value.

The use of different estimates or assumptions in determining the fair value of our goodwill, indefinite-lived and definite-

lived intangible assets may result in different values for these assets, which could result in an impairment or, in the period in 
which an impairment is recognized, could result in a materially different impairment charge.

Income Taxes

We record income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future 

tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We 

44

determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and 
income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the 
enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider many 
factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience 
by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, 
as well as other relevant factors. We may establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount we believe 
is more likely than not to be realized. Due to inherent complexities arising from the nature of our businesses, future changes in 
income tax law, tax sharing agreements or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results, we make certain 
judgments and estimates. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.

We record liabilities to address uncertain tax positions we have taken in previously filed tax returns or that we expect to 
take in a future tax return. The determination for required liabilities is based upon an analysis of each individual tax position, 
taking into consideration whether it is more likely than not that our tax position, based on technical merits, will be sustained 
upon examination. For those positions for which we conclude it is more likely than not it will be sustained, we recognize the 
largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing 
authority. The difference between the amount recognized and the total tax position is recorded as a liability. The ultimate 
resolution of these tax positions may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded.

Other Long-Term Liabilities

Various Legal and Tax Contingencies. We record liabilities to address potential exposures related to business and tax 
positions we have taken that have been or could be challenged by taxing authorities. In addition, we record liabilities associated 
with legal proceedings and lawsuits. These liabilities are recorded when the likelihood of payment is probable and the amounts 
can be reasonably estimated. The determination for required liabilities is based upon analysis of each individual tax issue, or 
legal proceeding, taking into consideration the likelihood of adverse judgments and the range of possible loss. In addition, our 
analysis may be based on discussions with outside legal counsel. The ultimate resolution of these potential tax exposures and 
legal proceedings may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded.

Occupancy Tax. Some states and localities impose a transient occupancy or accommodation tax on the use or occupancy 
of hotel accommodations. Generally, hotels collect taxes based on the rate paid to the hotel and remit these taxes to the various 
tax authorities. When a customer books a room through one of our travel services, we collect a tax recovery charge from the 
customer which we pay to the hotel. We calculate the tax recovery charge by applying the occupancy tax rate supplied to us by 
the hotels to the amount that the hotel has agreed to receive for the rental of the room by the consumer. In all but a limited 
number of jurisdictions, we do not collect or remit occupancy taxes, nor do we pay occupancy taxes to the hotel operator, on 
the portion of the customer payment we retain. Some jurisdictions have questioned our practice in this regard. While the 
applicable tax provisions vary among the jurisdictions, we generally believe that we are not required to pay such occupancy 
taxes. We are engaged in discussions with tax authorities in various jurisdictions to resolve this issue. Some tax authorities have 
brought lawsuits or have levied assessments asserting that we are required to collect and remit occupancy tax. The ultimate 
resolution in all jurisdictions cannot be determined at this time. Certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax assessments, 
including occupancy and other transactional tax assessments, prior to contesting any such assessments.

We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes for prior and current 
periods, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances. A variety of factors 
could affect the amount of the liability (both past and future), which factors include, but are not limited to, the number of, and 
amount of revenue represented by, jurisdictions that ultimately assert a claim and prevail in assessing such additional tax or 
negotiate a settlement and changes in relevant statutes.

We note that there are more than 7,000 taxing jurisdictions in the United States, and it is not feasible to analyze the 
statutes, regulations and judicial and administrative rulings in every jurisdiction. Rather, we have obtained the advice of state 
and local tax experts with respect to tax laws of certain states and local jurisdictions that represent a large portion of our hotel 
revenue. Many of the statutes and regulations that impose hotel occupancy taxes were established before the emergence of the 
internet and eCommerce. Certain jurisdictions have enacted, and others may enact, legislation regarding the imposition of 
occupancy taxes on businesses that arrange the booking of hotel accommodations. We continue to work with the relevant tax 
authorities and legislators to clarify our obligations under new and emerging laws and regulations. We will continue to monitor 
the issue closely and provide additional disclosure, as well as adjust the level of reserves, as developments warrant. 
Additionally, certain of our businesses are involved in occupancy tax related litigation, which is discussed in Part I, Item 3, 
Legal Proceedings. Recent occupancy tax developments are also discussed below under the caption “Occupancy and Other 
Taxes.”

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Stock-Based Compensation

Our primary form of employee stock-based compensation is stock option awards. We measure the value of stock option 

awards on the date of grant at fair value using the appropriate valuation techniques, including the Black-Scholes and Monte 
Carlo option-pricing models. We amortize the fair value over the remaining term on a straight-line basis. We account for 
forfeitures as they occur. The pricing models require various highly judgmental assumptions including volatility and expected 
option term. If any of the assumptions used in the models change significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ 
materially in the future from that recorded in the current period. 

In addition, we classify certain employee option awards as liabilities when we deem it not probable that the employees 

holding the awards will bear the risk and rewards of stock ownership for a reasonable period of time. Such options are revalued 
at the end of each reporting period and upon settlement our total compensation expense recorded from grant date to settlement 
date will equal the settlement amount. 

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see NOTE 2 — Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to 

consolidated financial statements.

Occupancy and Other Taxes

We are currently involved in twenty lawsuits brought by or against states, cities and counties over issues involving the 
payment of hotel occupancy and other taxes. We continue to defend these lawsuits vigorously. With respect to the principal 
claims in these matters, we believe that the statutes and ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide, namely the 
facilitation of hotel reservations, and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be owed. We believe that the 
statutes and ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, operate or control hotels (or 
similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations. 

Recent developments include: 

•

•

•

•

City of San Diego, California Litigation. On December 12, 2016, the California Supreme Court affirmed the Court
of Appeals’ decision, concluding that the defendant online travel companies do not operate hotels, and therefore
they are not liable for hotel taxes. As a result of this decision, the California Court of Appeals has lifted the stays
for the City of Los Angeles Litigation and City of San Diego Litigation and these cases will proceed in light of this
decision. While not part of the court’s reasoning for its decision, the court commented that under the San Diego
ordinance hotel taxes would be due on amounts that hotels require online travel companies to charge consumers
under specific contractual rate parity clauses.

Nassau County, New York Litigation. On December 2, 2016, the court granted the defendant online travel
companies’ motion for summary judgment and rejected Nassau County’s attempt to tax the amounts the defendants
charge for their services.

State of Kentucky Litigation. The parties reached a settlement and, on January 31, 2017, the court entered an order
dismissing the case.

State of Indiana Litigation. On December 20, 2016, the Indiana Tax Court held that tax assessments against Orbitz
were issued in error as a matter of law.

• Minnesota Cities Litigation. The parties reached a settlement and, on January 11, 2017, the court dismissed the

appeals filed by certain Expedia companies, thereby ending the case.

•

State of Maine Litigation. The parties have reached a settlement in principle.

For additional information on these and other legal proceedings, see Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy and other tax litigation, 
consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $71 million 
as of December 31, 2016 and $43 million as of December 31, 2015.

Certain jurisdictions, including the states of New York, North Carolina, Minnesota, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Maryland, 

the city of New York, and the District of Columbia, have enacted legislation seeking to tax online travel company services as 
part of sales taxes for hotel occupancy. We are currently remitting taxes to a number of jurisdictions, including to the states of 
New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Minnesota, Georgia, Wyoming, Oregon, Rhode Island, Montana, and Maryland, the 
District of Columbia and the city of New York, as well as certain other county and local jurisdictions. 

46

Pay-to-Play

Certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax assessments prior to contesting any such assessments. This requirement is 

commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” Payment of these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to such 
taxes and, even when such payments are made, we continue to defend our position vigorously. 

Hawaii (General Excise Tax). During 2013, the Expedia companies were required to “pay-to-play” and paid a total of 

$171 million in advance of litigation relating to general excise taxes for merchant model hotel reservations in the State of 
Hawaii. In September 2015, following a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court, the State of Hawaii refunded the Expedia 
companies $132 million of the original “pay-to-play” amount. As we had previously expensed the pay-to-play payments in 
prior periods, we recognized a gain in legal reserves, occupancy tax and other during the third quarter of 2015 related to this 
matter. Orbitz also received a similar refund of $22 million from the State of Hawaii in September 2015. The amount paid, 
net of refunds, by the Expedia companies and Orbitz to the State of Hawaii in satisfaction of past general excise taxes on 
their services for merchant model hotel reservations was $44 million. The parties reached a settlement relating to Orbitz 
merchant model hotel tax liabilities, and on October 5, 2016, the Expedia companies paid the State of Hawaii for the tax 
years 2012 through 2015. The Expedia companies and Orbitz have now resolved all assessments by the State of Hawaii for 
merchant model hotel taxes through 2015.  

The Department of Taxation also issued final assessments for general excise taxes against the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz, dated December 23, 2015 for the time period 2000 to 2014 for hotel and car rental revenue for “agency 
model” transactions. Those assessments are currently under review in the Hawaii tax courts.

Final assessments by the Hawaii Department of Taxation for general exercise taxes against the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz, relating to merchant car rental transactions during the years 2000 to 2014 are also under review in the Hawaii 
tax courts. With respect to merchant model car rental transactions at issue for the tax years 2000 through 2013, the Hawaii tax 
court held on August 5, 2016 that general excise tax is due on the online travel companies’ services to facilitate car rentals. The 
court further ruled that for merchant model car rentals in Hawaii, the online travel companies are required to pay general excise 
tax on the total amount paid by consumers, with no credit for tax amounts already remitted by car rental companies to the State 
of Hawaii for tax years 2000 through 2013, thus resulting in a double tax on the amount paid by consumers to car rental 
companies for the rental of the vehicle. The court, however, ruled that when car rentals are paid for as part of a vacation 
package, tax is only due once on the amount paid by consumers to the car rental company for the rental of the vehicle. In 
addition, the court ruled that the online travel companies are required to pay interest and certain penalties on the amounts due. 
The Expedia companies intend to appeal, and will be expected to pay under protest the full amount claimed due, or 
approximately $16.5 million, as a condition of appeal. The Hawaii tax court’s decision did not resolve “merchant model” car 
rental transactions for the tax year 2014, which also remain under review.

San Francisco. During 2009, we were required to “pay-to-play” and paid $48 million in advance of litigation relating to 

occupancy tax proceedings with the city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco subsequently issued additional 
assessments of tax, penalties and interest for the time period from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2011 
against the online travel companies, including against certain Expedia companies. The additional assessments, including the 
prepayment of such assessments, were contested by the Expedia companies on the basis that the court has already ruled that 
taxes are not due from the online travel companies and that binding precedent by the California Court of Appeals precludes the 
city’s claim for taxes. On May 14, 2014, the court heard oral argument on the Expedia companies’ contest of the prepayment 
requirement for the additional assessments and held that the Expedia companies were required to prepay in order to litigate the 
legality of the assessments. On May 26, 2014, the Expedia companies paid $25.5 million under protest in order to contest the 
additional assessments. The additional assessments were expensed during the second quarter of 2014. In addition, Orbitz in 
total has paid $4.6 million to the city of San Francisco in prepayment of taxes to contest these assessments issued against it by 
the city. On August 6, 2014, the California Court of Appeals stayed this case pending review and decision by the California 
Supreme Court of the City of San Diego, California Litigation. The stay is now lifted and the appeal will proceed in light of the 
California Supreme Court’s decision in the San Diego litigation.

Other Jurisdictions. We are also in various stages of inquiry or audit with domestic and foreign tax authorities, some of 
which, including in the United Kingdom regarding the application of value added tax (“VAT”) to our European Union related 
transactions, impose a pay-to-play requirement to challenge an adverse inquiry or audit result in court. 

If we prevail in the litigation, for which a pay-to-play payment was made, the jurisdiction collecting the payment will be 

required to repay such amounts and also may be required to pay interest. However, any significant pay-to-play payment or 
litigation loss could negatively impact our liquidity. 

47

Segments

We have four reportable segments: Core OTA, trivago, Egencia and HomeAway upon its acquisition on December 15, 
2015. In addition, eLong was a reportable segment through its disposal on May 22, 2015. Our Core OTA segment provides a 
full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com 
and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com websites throughout the world, Orbitz.com, Expedia 
Affiliate Network, Hotwire.com, Travelocity, Wotif Group, CarRentals.com, and Classic Vacations. Our trivago segment 
generates advertising revenue primarily from sending referrals to online travel companies and travel service providers from its 
hotel metasearch websites. Our Egencia segment, which also includes Orbitz for Business, provides managed travel services to 
corporate customers worldwide. Our HomeAway segment operates an online marketplace for the vacation rental industry.

Operating Metrics

Our operating results are affected by certain metrics, such as gross bookings and revenue margin, which we believe are 
necessary for understanding and evaluating us. Gross bookings represent the total retail value of transactions booked for both 
agency and merchant transactions, recorded at the time of booking reflecting the total price due for travel by travelers, 
including taxes, fees and other charges, and are generally reduced for cancellations and refunds. As travelers have increased 
their use of the internet to book travel arrangements, we have generally seen our gross bookings increase, reflecting the growth 
in the online travel industry, our organic market share gains and our business acquisitions. Revenue margin is defined as 
revenue as a percentage of gross bookings.

Gross Bookings and Revenue Margin

Gross Bookings
Core OTA
trivago(1)
Egencia
HomeAway(2)
eLong(3) 

Total gross bookings

Revenue Margin
Core OTA
trivago(1)
Egencia
HomeAway(2)
eLong(3) 

Total revenue margin

Year ended December 31,
2015

2016

($ in millions)

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

% Change

$

$

66,063
—
6,368
—
—
72,431

$

$

54,252
—
5,427
—
1,151
60,830

$

$

42,869
—
5,149
—
2,429
50,447

22%
N/A
17%
N/A
N/A
19%

27%
N/A
5%
N/A
N/A
21%

10.7%
N/A
7.3%
N/A
N/A
12.1%

10.8%
N/A
7.4%
N/A
3.6%
11.0%

11.4%
N/A
7.8%
N/A
7.3%
11.4%

___________________________________
(1)

trivago, which is comprised of a hotel metasearch business that differs from our transaction-based websites, does not
have associated gross bookings or revenue margin. However, third-party revenue from trivago is included in revenue
used to calculate total revenue margin.
Gross bookings from HomeAway, our online marketplace for the vacation rental industry acquired in December 2015,
are also currently excluded from the above total gross bookings. Revenue from HomeAway is included in revenue used
to calculate total revenue margin. We have been in the process of determining comparable on-platform gross bookings
and plan to begin disclosing this metric along with the historical comparable information in the first quarter of 2017.
Includes results for eLong through its disposal on May 22, 2015.

(2)

(3)

The increase in worldwide gross bookings in 2016 as compared to 2015 was primarily driven by the inorganic impact
from acquisitions of 13% and growth in the Core OTA segment, including growth at Brand Expedia and Hotels.com, as well as 
in Egencia. The increase in worldwide gross bookings in 2015 as compared to 2014 was primarily driven by growth in the Core 
OTA segment, including strong performance at Brand Expedia and Hotels.com. Acquisitions added approximately 10% of 
inorganic gross bookings growth for 2015, excluding Travelocity due to the previously implemented commercial agreement.

Revenue margin increased in 2016 as compared to 2015 primarily due to the inclusion of HomeAway revenue without the 

additional gross bookings as well as the favorable impact of lower air ticket prices and a mix shift to higher margin products, 

48

including advertising and media revenue. These impacts were partially offset by the inclusion of a higher share of lower margin 
air gross bookings with the acquisition of Orbitz and lower revenue per room night. Revenue margin decreased in 2015 
compared to 2014 primarily due to lower revenue per room night. These impacts were partially offset by a favorable impact of 
lower air ticket prices and a mix shift to higher margin products, including advertising and media revenue. 

Results of Operations

On May 22, 2015, we completed the sale of our 62.4% ownership stake in eLong. The below discussion of the results of 

operations for 2015 include results for eLong through its disposal on May 22, 2015. Operating expense tables below present 
total expenses including eLong for the prior year periods as well as eLong specific amounts included within the consolidated 
total.

On September 17, 2015, we completed our acquisition of Orbitz. Orbitz was consolidated into our results of operations 

starting on the acquisition date and we recognized $196 million in revenue and $163 million in operating losses, including 
restructuring charges of $92 million as well as fees related to the acquisition, from the acquisition date to December 31, 2015.

On December 15, 2015, we completed our acquisition of HomeAway. HomeAway was consolidated into our results of 

operations starting on the acquisition date and we recognized $20 million in revenue and $14 million in operating loss, 
including fees related to the acquisition, from the acquisition date to December 31, 2015. 

Revenue

Revenue by Segment
Core OTA
trivago (Third-party revenue)
Egencia
HomeAway
eLong

Total revenue

Year ended December 31,
2015

2016

($ in millions)

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

% Change

$

$

7,084
539
462
689
—
8,774

$

$

5,877
333
400
20
42
6,672

$

$

4,904
281
400
—
178
5,763

21%
62%
16%
N/A
N/A
31%

20%
19%
0%
N/A
N/A
16%

In 2016, revenue increased primarily driven by 19% of inorganic impact from acquisitions, growth in the Core OTA 
segment, including growth at Brand Expedia and Hotels.com, as well as growth at trivago. In 2015, revenue increased primarily 
due to growth in the Core OTA segment, including strong performance at Brand Expedia, Hotels.com and EAN as well as 
growth at trivago, partially offset by a decrease in revenue due to the sale of eLong. Acquisitions added approximately 8% to 
the year-over-year growth rate in total revenue for 2015.

Worldwide hotel revenue increased 15% (16% excluding eLong) in 2016 primarily due to a 12% (21% excluding eLong) 

increase in room nights stayed driven by the inorganic impact of acquisitions as well as organic growth in Hotels.com, Brand 
Expedia and EAN, and a 3% increase (4% decrease excluding eLong) in revenue per room night in 2016. Absent eLong, 
revenue per room night decreased primarily due to margin reductions aimed at expanding the size and availability of our global 
hotel supply portfolio, unfavorable foreign exchange translation impacts as well as increased promotional activities such as 
growing loyalty programs. Absent impacts due to the sale of eLong, ADRs decreased by 1% primarily due to an unfavorable 
foreign exchange translation impact. Acquisitions added approximately 7% of inorganic hotel revenue growth in 2016 and 6% 
of room night growth. Worldwide hotel revenue  increased 14% (17% excluding eLong) in 2015 primarily due to a 19% (36% 
excluding eLong) increase in room nights stayed driven by the inorganic impact of acquisitions as well as the healthy growth in 
Hotels.com and Brand Expedia, partially offset by a 4% decrease (14% excluding eLong) in revenue per room night in 2015. 
Absent eLong, revenue per room night decreased primarily due to strategic margin reductions aimed at expanding the size and 
availability of our global hotel supply portfolio, an unfavorable foreign exchange impact, both in translation and in book-to-
stay, as well as increased promotional activities such as growing loyalty programs. Absent impacts due to the sale of eLong, 
ADRs decreased by 5% primarily due to an unfavorable foreign exchange translation impact. Acquisitions added 
approximately 6% of inorganic hotel revenue growth in 2015 and 7% of room night growth. 

Worldwide air revenue increased 37% (39% excluding eLong) in 2016 due to a 29% (32% excluding eLong) increase in 

air tickets sold and a 6% (5% excluding eLong) increase in revenue per air ticket, driven by new contractual agreements and 
the addition of Orbitz. Acquisitions added approximately 28% of inorganic air revenue growth in 2016 and 21% of air ticket 

49

growth. Worldwide air revenue increased 21% (25% excluding eLong) in 2015 due to a 28% (35% excluding eLong) increase 
in air tickets sold, partially offset by a 6% (7% excluding eLong) decrease in revenue per air ticket. Acquisitions added 
approximately 18% of inorganic air revenue growth in 2015 and 15% of air ticket growth.

The remaining worldwide revenue, other than hotel and air discussed above, which includes advertising and media, car 

rental, destination services, fees related to our corporate travel business and HomeAway revenue, increased by 79% in 2016 and 
19% in 2015 primarily due to the acquisition of HomeAway and strong growth in advertising and media revenue as well as 
growth in our travel insurance and car rental products, including an inorganic contribution from Orbitz.

In addition to the above segment and product revenue discussion, our revenue by business model is as follows:

Revenue by Business Model
Merchant
Agency
Advertising and media(1)
HomeAway

Total revenue

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

($ in millions)

$

$

4,852
2,425
807
689
8,774

$

$

4,204
1,882
566
20
6,672

$

$

3,749
1,535
479
—
5,763

15%
29%
43%
N/A
31%

12%
23%
18%
N/A
16%

 ___________________________________
(1)

Includes third-party revenue from trivago as well as our transaction-based websites.

The increase in merchant revenue in 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to the increase in merchant hotel revenue driven

by an increase in room nights stayed. The increase in agency revenue in 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to the growth in 
agency hotel and air. The increase in advertising and media revenue in 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to continued growth in 
trivago and Expedia Media Solutions.

Cost of Revenue

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

Customer operations
Credit card processing
Data center and other

Total cost of revenue(1)

% of revenue
(1)

Includes the following eLong amounts:

727
508
362
1,597

($ in millions)
569
$
451
290
1,310

$

18.2%

— $

19.6%
37

$

$

$

$

$

$

536
414
229
1,179

20.5%
58

28%
13%
25%
22%

N/A

6%
9%
26%
11%

N/A

Cost of revenue primarily consists of (1) customer operations, including our customer support and telesales as well as 

fees to air ticket fulfillment vendors, (2) credit card processing, including merchant fees, fraud and chargebacks, and (3) other 
costs, primarily including data center costs to support our websites, supplier operations, destination supply, and stock-based 
compensation.

In 2016, the increase in cost of revenue expense was driven by $158 million of increased customer operations expenses, 

$72 million of higher data center and other costs, as well as $57 million of higher net credit card processing costs related to 
growth of our merchant bookings. Acquisitions added approximately 18% of year-on-year cost of revenue growth for 2016.

In 2015, the increase in cost of revenue expense was driven by $61 million of higher data center and other costs as well 

as $37 million of higher net credit card processing costs related to growth of our merchant bookings partially offset by a 
decrease in fraud and chargeback expenses. In addition, customer operation expenses increased $33 million to support volume 
growth across the Company. Acquisitions added approximately 8% of year-on-year cost of revenue growth for 2015.

50

Selling and Marketing

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

Direct costs
Indirect costs

Total selling and marketing(1)

% of revenue

(1)

Includes the following eLong amounts:

3,530
837
4,367

($ in millions)
2,718
$
663
3,381

$

49.8%

50.7%

— $

54

$

$

$

$

$

$

2,256
552
2,808

48.7%

124

30%
26%
29%

20%
20%
20%

N/A

N/A

Selling and marketing expense primarily relates to direct costs, including traffic generation costs from search engines and
internet portals, television, radio and print spending, private label and affiliate program commissions, public relations and other 
costs. The remainder of the expense relates to indirect costs, including personnel and related overhead in our various brands 
and global supply organization as well as stock-based compensation costs.

Selling and marketing expenses increased $986 million during 2016 compared to 2015 driven by an increase of $812 

million of direct costs, including online and offline marketing expenses. trivago, Brand Expedia and Hotels.com as well as the 
added costs from our acquisitions of HomeAway and Orbitz accounted for the majority of the total direct cost increases. In 
addition, higher indirect costs of $174 million also contributed to the increase and were driven by additional personnel due to 
an accelerated pace of hiring in the lodging supply organization in the first half of the year and additional headcount at 
HomeAway and Orbitz. Acquisitions added approximately 14% of year-on-year selling and marketing growth for 2016. 

Selling and marketing expenses increased $573 million during 2015 compared to 2014 driven by an increase of $462 

million of direct costs, including online and offline marketing expenses. Brand Expedia, trivago, Hotels.com and Hotwire 
accounted for the majority of the total direct cost increase. In addition, higher personnel expenses of $111 million also 
contributed to the increase and were driven by the additional personnel due to an accelerated pace of hiring in the lodging 
supply organization as well as an increase of stock-based compensation of $15 million. Acquisitions added approximately 8% 
of year-on-year selling and marketing growth for 2015.

Technology and Content

Year ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

% Change

Personnel and overhead
Depreciation and amortization of technology
assets

Other

Total technology and content(1)

% of revenue

(1)

Includes the following eLong amounts:

627

362
246
1,235

14.1%

($ in millions)
434
$

265
131
830
12.4%

$

— $

11

$

$

$

$

$

$

370

214
102
686
11.9%

21

45%

36%
88%
49%

17%

24%
29%
21%

N/A

N/A

Technology and content expense includes product development and content expense, as well as information technology 

costs to support our infrastructure, back-office applications and overall monitoring and security of our networks, and is 
principally comprised of personnel and overhead, depreciation and amortization of technology assets including hardware, and 
purchased and internally developed software, and other costs including licensing and maintenance expense and stock-based 
compensation.

Technology and content expense increased $405 million for 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to increased personnel 

and overhead costs of $193 million to support key technology projects primarily in Brand Expedia Group, the corporate 
technology function and trivago, as well as the addition of HomeAway personnel and overhead costs. Depreciation and 
amortization of technology assets also increased $97 million year-over-year. Other costs increased $115 million year-over-year 
primarily due to expansion into the cloud computing environment and  higher licensing and maintenance to support the growth 
of our technology platforms as well as higher stock-based compensation of $37 million, including amounts related to the 

51

trivago employee stock option plan as described in NOTE 10 — Stock-Based Awards and Other Equity Instruments. 
Acquisitions added approximately 20% to year-on-year technology and content growth for 2016.

Technology and content expense increased $144 million for 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to increased personnel 

and overhead costs of $64 million to support key technology projects primarily for our corporate technology function and 
Brand Expedia, increased depreciation and amortization of technology assets of $51 million as well as an increase in other 
costs of $29 million due to higher licensing and maintenance and data center costs to support the growth of the technology 
platforms. Acquisitions added approximately 6% to year-on-year technology and content growth for 2015.

General and Administrative

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

Personnel and overhead
Professional fees and other

Total general and administrative(1)

% of revenue

(1)

Includes the following eLong amounts:

($ in millions)
330
$
244
574
8.6%

$

411
267
678
7.7%

— $

23

$

$

$

$

$

$

277
148
425
7.4%

24

24%
10%
18%

19%
65%
35%

N/A

N/A

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including our executive leadership,

finance, legal and human resource functions as well as fees for external professional services including legal, tax and 
accounting, and other costs including stock-based compensation.

General and administrative expense increased $104 million in 2016 compared to 2015 due primarily to higher personnel 
and overhead expenses of $81 million driven by the organic growth of the business and the inorganic addition of HomeAway 
and Orbitz. In addition, stock-based compensation increased $28 million year-over-year, which included increases related to 
trivago as well as in general employee stock-based compensation that were partially offset by the absence of eLong related 
stock-based compensation in 2016. Acquisitions added approximately 7% of year-on-year general and administrative growth 
for 2016, which reflects the addition of a full year of expenses for HomeAway and Orbitz, partially offset by higher acquisition-
related expenses in the prior year.

General and administrative expense increased $149 million in 2015 compared to 2014 due primarily to higher 
professional fees and other of $96 million driven mostly by higher stock-based compensation of $39 million, which was 
primarily due to additional options granted during the current year as well as expense related to replacement awards issued in 
connection with acquisitions, as well as an increase of $31 million due to higher consulting and legal fees related to heightened 
merger and acquisition activity. In addition, personnel and overhead expenses increased $53 million in 2015 compared to 2014. 
Acquisitions, including acquisition-related expenses, added approximately 24% of year-on-year general and administrative 
growth for 2015.

Amortization and Impairment of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of intangible assets

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

$

($ in millions)
156
$
7

$

317
35

77
3

103%
N/A

104%
N/A

Amortization of intangible assets increased $161 million in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to amortization related 

to new business acquisitions in the prior year, partially offset by the completion of amortization related to certain intangible 
assets. In 2015, amortization increased $84 million primarily due to amortization related to new business acquisitions, 
including Orbitz and HomeAway.

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded impairment losses of $35 million, $7 million and $3 million related to indefinite-

lived trade names within our Core OTA segment due to changes in estimated future revenues of the related brands. 

52

Legal Reserves, Occupancy Tax and Other

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other

$

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

($ in millions)
$

(105) $

26

42

N/A

N/A

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other consists of increases in our reserves for court decisions and the potential and 
final settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes, expenses recognized related to monies paid in advance of occupancy 
and other tax proceedings (“pay-to-play”) as well as certain other legal reserves.

During 2016, we recognized approximately $12 million for amounts expected to be paid in advance of litigation related 

to "merchant model” car rental transactions in connection with Hawaii's general excise tax litigation. The remaining expense in 
2016 related to changes in our reserve related to hotel occupancy and other taxes. 

During 2015, we received a refund of prepaid pay-to-play payments of $132 million from the State of Hawaii in 
connection with the general excise tax litigation. In addition, during 2015, we recorded a $24 million benefit in legal reserves, 
occupancy tax and other for the recovery of costs related to occupancy tax litigation matters. These gains were partially offset 
by charges for changes in our reserve related to hotel occupancy and other taxes. 

During 2014, we recognized approximately $25.5 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in the San 

Francisco occupancy tax proceedings. 

For additional information, see NOTE 17 — Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to the consolidated financial 

statements.

Restructuring and Related Reorganization Charges

In connection with the migration of technology platforms and centralization of technology, supply and other operations, 

primarily related to previously disclosed acquisitions, we recognized $56 million, $105 million and $26 million in restructuring 
and related reorganization charges during 2016, 2015 and 2014. In 2016 and 2015, the charges were primarily related to 
employee severance and benefits as a part of the Orbitz integration and represents estimated severance amounts under pre-
existing written plans and contracts Orbitz had with its employees, stock-compensation charges for acceleration of replacement 
awards pursuant to certain of these agreements as well as incremental retention compensation for exiting employees. In 2014, 
the charges primarily related to severance and related benefits as well as an Australian stamp duty tax that was payable to 
certain Australian jurisdictions related to business restructuring events. Based on current plans, which are subject to change, we 
expect to incur approximately $10 to $15 million in 2017 related to these integrations and estimates do not include any possible 
future acquisition integrations.

For additional information, see NOTE 15 — Restructuring and Related Reorganization Charges in the notes to the 

consolidated financial statements.

Operating Income

Operating income
% of revenue

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

$

($ in millions)
414
$
6.2%

$

462
5.3%

518
9.0%

12%

(20)%

In 2016, operating income increased primarily due to higher growth in revenue and the absence of eLong operating 
losses, partially offset by increased costs and expenses, including growth in technology and content expense in excess of 
revenue growth, higher amortization of intangible assets as well as the comparative impact of the prior year Hawaii pay-to-play 
gain of $132 million.

In 2015, operating income decreased due to increased costs and expenses, including growth in selling and marketing 

expense in excess of revenue growth, growth in general and administrative expense in excess of revenue growth as well as an 
increase in restructuring and related reorganization charges, partially offset by the gain of $132 million related to the Hawaii 
pay-to-play refunds.

53

Included in our consolidated operating income for 2015 are operating losses for eLong through its disposition date of 

May 22, 2015 of $86 million. eLong had operating losses of $51 million for 2014.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income
Interest expense

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

$

($ in millions)
17
$
(126)

$

20
(173)

27
(98)

18%
37%

(39)%
29 %

Interest income increased in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to higher rates of return, partially offset by lower 
invested balances. Interest income decreased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to lower invested balances as well as 
lower rates of return due to a shift out of higher-yielding currencies due to the sale of eLong and funding U.S. dollar 
denominated acquisitions, and lower market rates in certain currencies.

Interest expense increased in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily as a result of additional interest on the Euro 650 million 
of senior unsecured notes issued in June 2015 and the $750 million senior unsecured notes issued in December 2015. Interest 
expense increased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily as a result of additional interest on the $500 million senior unsecured 
notes issued in August 2014, the Euro 650 million of senior unsecured notes issued in June 2015 as well as the $750 million 
senior unsecured notes issued in December 2015.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our long-term indebtedness totaled $3.2 billion. As of December 31, 2014, our long-

term indebtedness totaled $1.7 billion.

Gain on Sale of Business

On May 22, 2015, we completed the sale of our 62.4% ownership stake in eLong, Inc. for approximately $671 million (or 

$666 million net of costs to sell and other transaction expenses) to several purchasers, including Ctrip.com International, Ltd. 
As a result of the sale, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $509 million ($395 million after tax) during 2015 included in gain on 
sale of business in our consolidated statement of operations.

Other, Net

Other, net is comprised of the following:

Foreign exchange rate gains (losses), net
Non-controlling interest basis adjustment
Other-than-temporary investment impairments
Other

Total other, net

Provision for Income Taxes 

2016

Year ended December 31,
2015

2014

($ in millions)

$

$

(15) $
—
(12)
(5)
(32) $

25
77
—
11
113

$

$

6
3
—
9
18

Provision for income taxes
Effective tax rate

Year ended December 31,

% Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

$

($ in millions)
203
$
21.9%

$

15
5.5%

92
19.7%

(92)%

122%

The decrease in our effective rate for 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to tax benefits from the adoption of new 
accounting guidance relating to stock-based compensation and the release of valuation allowances in the United Kingdom and 
Germany on cumulative foreign net operating losses for which it is more likely than not the tax benefit will be realized. As a 
result of lower pre-tax earnings in 2016, the impacts of these benefits create a significant effect on our effective tax rate. Our 
effective tax rate for 2016 was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate due to earnings in foreign jurisdictions outside of the 

54

United States, predominately Switzerland, where our statutory income tax rate is lower as well as the same factors impacting 
the year-over-year effective tax rate comparison. 

The increase in the effective rate for 2015 compared to 2014 is primarily due to the gain on the sale of eLong during 
2015, and the release of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in 2014. Our effective tax rate for 2015 was lower than the 
35% federal statutory rate due to earnings in foreign jurisdictions outside of the United States as well as the sale of eLong, 
which had a U.S. effective rate of less than 35%.

Our effective tax rate for 2014 was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate due to earnings in foreign jurisdictions 

outside of the United States as well as the release of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions. 

For additional information, see NOTE 11 — Income Taxes in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from operations; our cash and cash equivalents and short-term 
investment balances, which were $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015, including $1.1 billion and $645 
million of cash and short-term investment balances held in wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries (which includes $737 million 
and $441 million related to earnings indefinitely invested outside the United States) as well as $313 million and $72 million 
held in majority-owned subsidiaries, which is also indefinitely invested outside the United States; and our $1.5 billion 
revolving credit facility, which is essentially untapped. Cumulative earnings related to undistributed earnings of certain foreign 
subsidiaries that we intend to indefinitely reinvest outside of the United States totaled $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2016. To 
date, we have permanently reinvested the majority of these foreign earnings outside of the United States and we do not intend 
to repatriate these earnings to fund U.S. operations. Should we distribute earnings of foreign subsidiaries in the form of 
dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to U.S. income taxes.

The revolving credit facility, which was amended in the first quarter of 2016 to increase borrowing capacity to $1.5 

billion, extend the expiration to February 2021 and provide more favorable fees (as disclosed herein), bears interest based on 
the Company’s credit ratings with the applicable interest rate on drawn amounts was LIBOR plus 137.5 basis points and the 
commitment fee on undrawn amounts was 17.5 basis points as of December 31, 2016.

Our credit ratings are periodically reviewed by rating agencies. As of December 31, 2016, Moody’s rating was Ba1 with 

an outlook of “stable,” S&P’s rating was BBB- with an outlook of “stable” and Fitch’s rating was BBB- with an outlook of 
“stable.” Changes in our operating results, cash flows, financial position, capital structure, financial policy or capital allocations 
to share repurchase, dividends, investments and acquisitions could impact the ratings assigned by the various rating agencies. 
Should our credit ratings be adjusted downward, we may incur higher costs to borrow and/or limited to access to capital 
markets, which could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the covenants and conditions in our revolving credit facility and 

outstanding debt, which was comprised of $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes due in August 2018 that bear 
interest at 7.456% (the “7.456% Notes”), $750 million in registered senior unsecured notes due in August 2020 that bear 
interest at 5.95% (the “5.95% Notes”), $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes due in August 2024 that bear interest 
at 4.5% (the “4.5% Notes”), Euro 650 million of registered senior unsecured notes due in June 2022 that bear interest at 2.5% 
(the "2.5% Notes") and $750 million of registered senior unsecured notes due in February 2026 that bear interest at 5.0% ("the 
5.0% Notes").

Under the merchant model, we receive cash from travelers at the time of booking and we record these amounts on our 

consolidated balance sheets as deferred merchant bookings. We pay our airline suppliers related to these merchant model 
bookings generally within a few weeks after completing the transaction, but we are liable for the full value of such transactions 
until the flights are completed. For most other merchant bookings, which is primarily our merchant hotel business, we generally 
pay after the travelers’ use and, in some cases, subsequent billing from the hotel suppliers. Therefore, generally we receive cash 
from the traveler prior to paying our supplier, and this operating cycle represents a working capital source of cash to us. As long 
as the merchant hotel business grows, we expect that changes in working capital related to merchant hotel transactions will 
positively impact operating cash flows. However, we are using both the merchant model and the agency model in many of our 
markets. If the merchant hotel model declines relative to our other business models that generally consume working capital 
such as agency hotel, managed corporate travel, advertising or certain Expedia Affiliate Network relationships, or if there are 
changes to the merchant model, supplier payment terms, or booking patterns that compress the time period between our receipt 
of cash from travelers and our payment to suppliers, such as with mobile bookings via smartphones, our overall working capital 
benefits could be reduced, eliminated or even reversed. Our future working capital benefits could also be impacted by the 
transition of our recent HomeAway acquisition’s shift to more of a transactional model from a subscription model.

55

As our ETP program continues to expand, and depending on relative traveler and supplier adoption rates and customer 

payment preferences, among other things, the scaling up of ETP has and will continue to negatively impact near term working 
capital cash balances, cash flow, relative liquidity during the transition, and hotel revenue margins.

Seasonal fluctuations in our merchant hotel bookings affect the timing of our annual cash flows. During the first half of 

the year, hotel bookings have traditionally exceeded stays, resulting in much higher cash flow related to working capital. 
During the second half of the year, this pattern reverses and cash flows are typically negative. While we expect the impact of 
seasonal fluctuations to continue, merchant hotel growth rates, changes to the model or booking patterns, changes in the 
relative mix of merchant hotel transactions compared with transactions in our working capital consuming businesses, including 
ETP, as well as the assimilation and transformation of the HomeAway vacation rental listing business, may counteract or 
intensify the anticipated seasonal fluctuations.

As of December 31, 2016, we had a deficit in our working capital of $2.7 billion, compared to a deficit of $2.9 billion as 

of December 31, 2015. The slight change in deficit is primarily due to operating cash flows offset by financing and investing 
activities, including capital expenditures and share repurchases.

We continue to invest in the development and expansion of our operations. Ongoing investments include but are not 

limited to improvements in infrastructure, which include our servers, networking equipment and software, release 
improvements to our software code, platform migrations and consolidation and search engine marketing and optimization 
efforts. In addition, in 2016, we began our expansion into the cloud computing environment. While we expect our cloud 
computing expenses to increase significantly over the next few years, they are expected to result in lower overall capital 
expenditures related to our data centers over time. Our future capital requirements may include capital needs for acquisitions 
(including purchases of non-controlling interest), share repurchases, dividend payments or expenditures in support of our 
business strategy; thus reducing our cash balance and/or increasing our debt. Excluding capital expenditures associated with the 
build out of our new corporate headquarters, we expect total capital expenditures for 2017 to decline slightly over 2016 
spending levels. Our current estimates for the new headquarters total approximately $650 million of which approximately $30 
million was spent in 2016 and less than $100 million will be spent in 2017. The remainder will be split roughly evenly between 
2018 and 2019. 

Our cash flows are as follows:

Year ended December 31,

$ Change

2016

2015

2014

2016 vs 2015

2015 vs 2014

(In millions)

Cash provided by (used in) operations:

Operating activities
Investing activities

Financing activities

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on
cash and cash equivalents

$

1,564

$

(718)

(691)

(35)

$

1,368
(2,371)
1,404

(127)

1,367
(924)
48

(109)

$

196

$

1,653
(2,095)

1
(1,447)
1,356

92

(18)

In 2016, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $196 million primarily due to higher operating income 

after adjusting for impacts of depreciation and amortization, partially offset by a decrease in benefits from working capital 
adjustments and a net refund of hotel occupancy and other taxes in 2015. In 2015, net cash provided by operating activities 
remained essentially flat as a net refund of hotel occupancy and other taxes was mostly offset by decreased benefits from 
working capital changes, including increases in income tax and interest payments.

In 2016, cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.7 billion primarily due to a decrease of cash used for 
acquisitions of $2.1 billion, partially offset by a decrease in net proceeds related to the sale of eLong of $457 million in the 
prior year. In 2015, cash used in investing activities increased by $1.4 billion primarily due to an increase of cash used for 
acquisitions of $1.5 billion due primarily to our acquisition of Orbitz in September 2015 and HomeAway in December 2015 as 
well as higher capital expenditures of $460 million, including amounts paid for our new corporate headquarters, partially offset 
by net proceeds from the sale of eLong of $524 million.

Cash used in financing activities in 2016 primarily included cash paid to acquire shares of $456 million, including the 

repurchased shares under the authorizations discussed below, the repayment of $401 million of HomeAway Convertible Notes 
and $150 million cash dividend payment, partially offset by $215 million of net proceeds from the initial public offering of 
trivago as well as $141 million of proceeds from the exercise of options and employee stock purchase plans. Cash provided by 
financing activities in 2015 primarily included $700 million of net proceeds for the issuance of 2.5% Notes in June 2015, $741 

56

million in net proceeds for the issuance of the 5.0% Notes in December 2015, $120 million of proceeds from the exercise of 
options and employee stock purchase plans as well as the issuance of treasury stock, and $91 million in excess tax benefit on 
equity awards, of which approximately $47 million related to the excess tax benefit associated with the stock options exercised 
by our Chairman and Senior Executive. These financing inflows were offset in part by $85 million of withholding taxes for 
stock option exercises paid on behalf of our Chairman and Senior Executive in exchange for surrendering a portion of his 
vested shares, which were concurrently cancelled, as well as cash paid to acquire shares of $61 million primarily under the 
repurchase authorizations discussed below, and $109 million cash dividend payments. Cash provided by financing activities in 
2014 primarily included $493 million of net proceeds for the issuance of 4.5% Notes in August 2014 and $129 million of 
proceeds from the exercise of options and employee stock purchase plans as well as the issuance of treasury stock, partially 
offset by cash paid to acquire shares of $538 million, including the repurchased shares under the 2012 authorization discussed 
below, and $85 million cash dividend payment.

During 2012, 2010, and 2006, our Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of 

Directors, authorized a repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock during each of the respective 
years and during 2015 authorized a repurchase of up to 10 million shares of our common stock for a total of 70 million shares. 
Shares repurchased under the authorized programs were as follows:

Number of shares repurchased
Average price per share
Total cost of repurchases (in millions)(1)

(1)

Amount excludes transaction costs.

Year ended December 31,

2016
4.0 million
109.64
436

$
$

2015
0.5 million
85.27
45

$
$

2014
7.0 million
76.26
537

$
$

As of December 31, 2016, 7.3 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the 2015 authorization with no fixed

termination date for the repurchases. Subsequent to December 31, 2016, we repurchased an additional 0.3 million shares for a 
total cost of $30 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average price of $113.42 per share.

Our common stock dividend was $1.00 per share for 2016, $0.84 per share for 2015 and $0.66 per share for 2014. See 

NOTE 13 — Stockholders’ Equity in the notes to consolidated financial statements for a detail of the quarterly dividend 
payments by year. In addition, in February 2017, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared 
a quarterly cash dividend of $0.28 per share of outstanding common stock payable on March 30, 2017 to the stockholders of 
record as of the close of business on March 9, 2017. Future declarations of dividends are subject to final determination by our 
Board of Directors.

The effect of foreign exchange on our cash balances denominated in foreign currency in 2016 showed a net change of 

$92 million reflecting lower depreciations in foreign currencies in 2016 compared to 2015. The effect of foreign exchange on 
our cash balances denominated in foreign currency in 2015 showed a net change of $18 million reflecting higher depreciation 
in foreign currencies in the 2015 compared to 2014.

In our opinion, available cash, funds from operations and available borrowings will provide sufficient capital resources to 

meet our foreseeable liquidity needs. There can be no assurance, however, that the cost of availability of future borrowings, 
including refinancing, if any, will be available on terms acceptable to us.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following table presents our material contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 

2016:

Long-term debt (1)
Operating leases (2)
Purchase obligations (3)
Guarantees (4)
Letters of credit (4)
Total(5) 

Total

Less than
1 year

1 to 3 years

(In millions)

3 to 5 years

More than
5 years

By Period

$

$

4,253
514
268
150
49
5,234

$

$

57

159
120
239
150
44
712

$

$

818
212
29
—
5
1,064

$

$

993
92
—
—
—
1,085

$

$

2,283
90
—
—
—
2,373

 ____________________
(1)

Our 7.456% Notes, 5.95% Notes, 2.5% Notes, 4.5% Notes, and 5.0% Notes include interest payments through maturity
in 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024, and 2026 respectively, based on the stated fixed rates. For the 2.5% Notes, the December 31,
2016 Euro exchange rate was used to convert the Euro 650 million to U.S. Dollars and calculate the related U.S. Dollar
interest payments.
The operating leases are for office space and related office equipment. We account for these leases on a monthly basis.
Certain leases contain periodic rent escalation adjustments and renewal options. Operating lease obligations expire at
various dates with the latest maturity in 2026.
Our purchase obligations represent the minimum obligations we have under agreements with certain of our vendors and
marketing partners. These minimum obligations are less than our projected use for those periods. Payments may be
more than the minimum obligations based on actual use.
Guarantees and LOCs are commitments that represent funding responsibilities that may require our performance in the
event of third-party demands or contingent events. We use our stand-by LOCs primarily for certain regulatory purposes
as well as to secure payment for hotel room transactions to particular hotel properties. Of the outstanding balance of our
stand-by LOCs, $19 million directly reduces the amount available to us from our revolving credit facility. The LOC
amounts in the above table represent the amount of commitment expiration per period. In addition, we provide a
guarantee to the aviation authorities of certain foreign countries to protect against potential non-delivery of our
packaged travel services sold within those countries. These countries hold all travel agents and tour companies to the
same standard. Our guarantees also include bonds relating to tax assessments that we are contesting and certain surety
bonds related to various company performance obligations.
Excludes $221 million of unrecognized tax benefits for which we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the
amount and period of payment.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Other than the items described above, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2016.

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

For a discussion of certain relationships and related party transactions, see NOTE 18 — Related Party Transactions in the 

notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk Management

Market risk is the potential loss from adverse changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and market prices. Our 
exposure to market risk includes our long-term debt, our revolving credit facility, derivative instruments and cash and cash 
equivalents, accounts receivable, intercompany receivables, investments, merchant accounts payable and deferred merchant 
bookings denominated in foreign currencies. We manage our exposure to these risks through established policies and 
procedures. Our objective is to mitigate potential income statement, cash flow and market exposures from changes in interest 
and foreign exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

In August 2006, we issued $500 million senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 7.456%. In August 2010, we issued 

$750 million senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 5.95%. In August 2014, we issued $500 million senior unsecured notes 
with a fixed rate of 4.5%. In June 2015, we issued Euro 650 million of senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 2.5%. (See 
“Foreign Exchange Risk” below for further discussion or our 2.5% Notes.) In December 2015, we issued $750 million of 
senior unsecured notes with a fixed rate of 5.0%. As a result, if market interest rates decline, our required payments will exceed 
those based on market rates. The fair values of our 7.456% Notes, 5.95% Notes, 2.5% Notes, 4.5% Notes and 5.0% Notes were 
approximately $541 million, $823 million, $718 million, $511 million and $782 million as of December 31, 2016 as calculated 
based on quoted market prices in less active markets at year end. A 50 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would 
decrease or increase the fair value of our 7.456% Notes by approximately $4 million, our 5.95% Notes by approximately $13 
million, our 4.5% Notes by approximately $16 million, our 2.5% Notes by approximately $17 million and our 5.0% Notes by 
approximately $28 million.

We maintain a $1.5 billion revolving credit facility, which bears interest based on market rates plus a spread determined 
by our credit ratings. Because our interest rate is tied to a market rate, we will be susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates if, 
consistent with our practice to date, we do not hedge the interest rate exposure arising from any borrowings under our revolving 
credit facility. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding.

58

We invest in investment grade corporate debt securities and, as of December 31, 2016, we had $64 million of available 

for sale investments. Based on a sensitivity analysis, we have determined that a hypothetical 1.00% (100 basis points) increase 
in bond prices would have resulted in a decrease in the fair values of our investments of less than $1 million as of 
December 31, 2016. Such losses would only be realized if we sold the investments prior to maturity.

We did not experience any significant impact from changes in interest rates for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 

or 2014.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We conduct business in certain international markets, primarily in Australia, Canada, China and the European Union. 
Because we operate in international markets, we have exposure to different economic climates, political arenas, tax systems and 
regulations that could affect foreign exchange rates. Our primary exposure to foreign currency risk relates to transacting in 
foreign currency and recording the activity in U.S. dollars. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and these other 
currencies will result in transaction gains or losses, which we recognize in our consolidated statements of operations.

To the extent practicable, we minimize our foreign currency exposures by maintaining natural hedges between our 
current assets and current liabilities in similarly denominated foreign currencies. Additionally, we use foreign currency forward 
contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures, foreign denominated liabilities related to certain of our 
loyalty programs and our other foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. These instruments are typically short-term 
and are recorded at fair value with gains and losses recorded in other, net. As of December 31, 2016, we had a net forward 
liability of $4 million included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.  As of December 31, 2015, we had a net 
forward asset of $8 million included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. We may enter into additional foreign 
exchange derivative contracts or other economic hedges in the future. Our goal in managing our foreign exchange risk is to 
reduce to the extent practicable our potential exposure to the changes that exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash 
flows and financial position. We make a number of estimates in conducting hedging activities including in some cases the level 
of future bookings, cancellations, refunds, customer stay patterns and payments in foreign currencies. In the event those 
estimates differ significantly from actual results, we could experience greater volatility as a result of our hedges.

In June 2015, we issued Euro 650 million of registered senior unsecured notes that are due in June 2022 and bear interest 

at 2.5%. The aggregate principal value of the 2.5% Notes is designated as a hedge of our net investment in certain Euro 
functional currency subsidiaries. The notes are measured at Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rates at each balance sheet date and 
transaction gains or losses due to changes in rates are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Euro-
denominated net assets of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at each balance sheet date, with effects of foreign 
currency changes also reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Since the notional amount of the recorded 
Euro-denominated debt is less than the notional amount of our net investment, we do not expect to incur any ineffectiveness on 
this hedge.

Future net transaction gains and losses are inherently difficult to predict as they are reliant on how the multiple currencies 

in which we transact fluctuate in relation to the U.S. dollar, the relative composition and denomination of current assets and 
liabilities each period, and our effectiveness at forecasting and managing, through balance sheet netting or the use of derivative 
contracts, such exposures. As an example, if the foreign currencies in which we hold net asset balances were to all weaken 10% 
against the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies in which we hold net liability balances were to all strengthen 10% against the 
U.S. dollar, we would recognize foreign exchange losses of approximately $21 million based on our foreign currency forward 
positions (including the impact of forward positions economically hedging our merchant revenue exposures) and the net asset 
or liability balances of our foreign denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deferred merchant bookings 
and merchant accounts payable balances as of December 31, 2016. As the net composition of these balances fluctuate 
frequently, even daily, as do foreign exchange rates, the example loss could be compounded or reduced significantly within a 
given period.

During 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded net foreign exchange rate losses of approximately $15 million ($30 million 

loss excluding the contracts economically hedging our forecasted merchant revenue), net foreign exchange rate gains of 
approximately $25 million ($15 million loss excluding the contracts economically hedging our forecasted merchant revenue) 
and net foreign exchange rate gains of approximately $6 million ($14 million loss excluding the contracts economically 
hedging our forecasted merchant revenue). As we increase our operations in international markets, our exposure to fluctuations 
in foreign currency exchange rates increases. The economic impact to us of foreign currency exchange rate movements is 
linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. These changes, if material, 
could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies.

59

Part II. Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule listed in the Index to Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits 

on page F-1 are filed as part of this report.

Part II. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Part II. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended 
December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over 
financial reporting.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our 
management, including our Chairman and Senior Executive, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the 
effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the 
Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chairman and Senior Executive, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as 

defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America. Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal 
control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective control over financial reporting described in Internal 
Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. 
Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting was effective. Management has reviewed its assessment with the Audit Committee. Ernst & Young, LLP, an 
independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as 
of December 31, 2016, as stated in their report which is included below.

Limitations on Controls.

Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting 
will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain 
assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of 
controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and 
instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

60

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Expedia, Inc.

We have audited Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), (the COSO criteria). Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries'  
management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal 
Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal 
control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of 
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and 
operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered 
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the 
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
the 2016 consolidated financial statements of Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries and our report dated February 9, 2017 expressed an 
unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/    Ernst & Young LLP

Seattle, Washington
February 9, 2017 

61

Part II. Item 9B. Other Information

None.

Part III.

We are incorporating by reference the information required by Part III of this report on Form 10-K from our proxy 
statement relating to our 2017 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2017 Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Part III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is included under the captions “Election of Directors — Nominees,” “Election of 
Directors — Board Meetings and Committees,” “Information Concerning Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial 
Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the 2017 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Part III. Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is included under the captions “Election of Directors —Compensation of Non-

Employee Directors,” “Election of Directors — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” 
“Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Executive Compensation” in the 2017 
Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Part III. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 

and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the 2017 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by 
reference.

Part III. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person 
Transactions” and “Election of Directors — Board Meetings and Committees” in the 2017 Proxy Statement and incorporated 
herein by reference.

Part III. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is included under the caption “Audit Committee Report” in the 2017 Proxy 

Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Part IV. Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements

We have filed the consolidated financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Schedules 

and Exhibits on page F-1 as a part of this report.

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required 

information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Exhibit
No.

1.1

Exhibit Description

Underwriting Agreement, dated Expedia, Inc., as
Issuer, the Guarantors party thereto, and BNP
Paribas, Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P. Morgan
Securities plc, as Representatives of the several
Underwriters (relating to the Fourth Supplemental
Indenture on Exhibit 4.6)

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K

000-51447

1.1

6/3/2015

62

Exhibit
No.

Exhibit Description

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

Separation Agreement by and between Expedia,
Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of
August 9, 2005

Separation Agreement by and between Expedia,
Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as of
December 20, 2011

Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of
December 21, 2012, by and among Expedia, Inc.,
trivago GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Expedia and the shareholders of trivago GmbH
party thereto.

Shareholders Agreement, dated as of December 21,
2012 by and among trivago GmbH, Expedia, Inc.,
a wholly owned subsidiary of Expedia and certain
shareholders of trivago GmbH.

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
February 12, 2015, by and among Expedia, Inc.,
Xeta, Inc., and Orbtiz Worldwide, Inc.

Purchase and Sale Agreement (Cruise), dated
March 10, 2015, by and between Immunex
Corporation and Cruise, LLC

First Amendment to Purchase and Sale, dated
March 25, 2015, by and between Immunex
Corporation and Cruise, LLC

Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 22, 2015,
by and among Expedia, Inc., Expedia Asia Pacific -
Alpha Limited, Ctrip.com International, Ltd., C-
Travel International Limited, Luxuriant Holdings
Limited, Keystone Lodging Holdings Limited and
Plateno Group Limited

Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of
November 4, 2015, by and among Expedia, Inc.,
HMS 1 Inc. and HomeAway, Inc.

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Expedia, Inc.

Indenture, dated as of August 21, 2006, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors
from time to time parties thereto and The Bank of
New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee,
relating to Expedia, Inc.’s 7.456% Senior Notes
due 2018

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
January 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer,
the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The
Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as
Trustee
Indenture, dated as of August 5, 2010, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors
from time to time parties thereto and The Bank of
New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as
Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s 5.95% Senior
Notes due 2020
Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
September 30, 2016, among Expedia, Inc., as
Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and
The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company,
N.A., as Trustee

Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2014, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors
from time to time parties thereto and The Bank of
New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee

63

10-Q

000-51447

2.1

11/14/2005

8-K

000-51447

2.1

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

2.1

12/21/2012

8-K

000-51447

2.2

12/21/2012

8-K

000-51447

2.1

2/13/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.1

4/2/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.2

4/2/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.1

5/22/2015

8-K

8-K

001-37429

000-51447

2.1

3.3

11/5/2015

8/15/2005

10-Q

000-51447

4.1

11/14/2006

S-4

333-140195

4.2

1/25/2007

8-K

000-51447

4.1

8/10/2010

8-K

001-37429

4.1

10/3/2016

8-K

000-51447

4.1

8/18/2014

Exhibit
No.

Exhibit Description

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
August 18, 2014, among Expedia, Inc., the
Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The Bank
of New York Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee,
governing Expedia, Inc.’s 4.500% Senior Notes
due 2024
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 3,
2015, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the
Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The Bank
of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as
Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s 2.500% Senior
Notes due 2022
Indenture, dated as of December 8, 2015, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors
from time to time parties thereto and The Bank of
New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as
Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s 5.000% Senior
Notes due 2026

Amended and Restated Governance Agreement
among Expedia, Inc., Liberty Interactive
Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of
December 20, 2011

Assignment and Assumption of Governance
Agreement, among Liberty Expedia holdings, Inc.,
LEXE Marginco, LLC, LEXEB, LLC, Liberty
Interactive Corporation, Barry Diller and Expedia,
Inc., dated as of November 4, 2016

Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement
between Liberty Interactive Corporation and Barry
Diller, dated as of December 20, 2011

Assignment and Assumption of Stockholders
Agreement, by and among Liberty Expedia
Holdings, Inc., Liberty Interactive Corporation and
Barry Diller, dated November 4, 2016

Amendment No. 1 to Stockholders Agreement, by
and between Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc. and
Barry Diller, dated November 4, 2016

Amended and Restated Transaction Agreement, by
and among Liberty Interactive Corporation, Liberty
Expedia Holdings, Inc., Barry Diller, John C.
Malone and Leslie Malone, dated as of September
22, 2016
Assignment Agreement, by and between Barry
Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc., dated
November 4, 2016
Tax Sharing Agreement by and between Expedia,
Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of
August 9, 2005
Employee Matters Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated as of
August 9, 2005
Tax Sharing Agreement by and between Expedia,
Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as of
December 20, 2011
Employee Matters Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as of
December 20, 2011

4.6

4.7

4.8

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

64

8-K

000-51447

4.2

8/18/2014

8-K

000-51447

4.2

6/3/2015

8-K

001-37429

4.1

12/8/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.10

12/27/2011

8-K*†

001-37938

10.6

11/7/2016

10-K

000-51447

10.1

2/10/2012

8-K*†

001-37938

10.7

11/7/2016

8-K*†

001-37938

10.8

11/7/2016

S-4/A*†

333-210377

10.1

9/23/2016

8-K*†

001-37938

10.10

11/7/2016

10-Q

000-51447

10.10

11/14/2005

10-Q

000-51447

10.1

11/14/2005

8-K

000-51447

10.2

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.3

12/27/2011

Exhibit
No.

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16*

10.17*

Exhibit Description
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as
of September 5, 2014, among Expedia, Inc., a
Delaware corporation, Expedia, Inc., a Washington
corporation, Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited
liability company; Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, the Lenders party hereto, JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and
J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent

First Amendment, dated as of February 4, 2016,
among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation,
Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited liability
company, Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
the lenders and issuing banks party thereto,
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative
Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London
Agent
Second Amendment, dated as December 22, 2016,
among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation,
Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited liability
company, Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
the other Borrowing Subsidiaries from time to time
party thereto, the Lenders from time to time party
thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe
Limited, as London Agent

Office Building Lease by and between Tower 333
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and
Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation, dated
June 25, 2007

Fourth Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. 2005
Stock and Annual Incentive Plan

Orbitz Worldwide, Inc. 2007 Equity and Incentive
Plan

10.18* HomeAway, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan

10.19*

Expedia, Inc. 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

10.20*

10.21*

10.22*
10.23*

10.24*

10.25*

10.26*

10.27*

Expedia, Inc. 2013 International Employee Stock
Purchase Plan

Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement (Directors)
Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement
Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement
Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Non-
Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan,
effective as of January 1, 2009
Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Executive
Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of
January 1, 2009
First Amendment of the Executed Deferred
Compensation Plan, effective as of December 31,
2014

Employment Agreement between Dara
Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., effective as of
March 31, 2015

65

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K

000-51447

10.1

9/11/2014

8-K

001-37429

10.1

2/8/2016

X

X
X

10-Q

000-51447

10.10

8/3/2007

DEF 14
A

001-37429

Appendix 
A

8/23/2016

S-8

333-206990

99.1

9/17/2015

S-8
DEF14
A

DEF 14
A

333-208548

000-51447

000-51447

99.10
Appendix
B

Appendix 
C

12/15/2015

4/30/2013

4/30/2013

10-Q

000-51447

10.1

8/1/2014

10-K

000-51447

10.1

2/19/2009

10-K

000-51447

10.2

2/19/2009

10-K

000-51447

10.20

2/6/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.10

4/1/2015

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K

000-51447

10.5

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.2

4/1/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.3

4/1/2015

10-Q**

000-20570

10.8

11/09/2005

S-4/A**

333-124303

Annex J

06/17/2005

S-4/A

333-175828

10.17

10/24/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.1

03/07/2014

8-K

000-51447

10.1

09/12/2014

8-K

001-37429

10.1

03/09/2016

8-K

001-37429

10.2

03/09/2016

8-K

001-37429

10.3

03/09/2016

8-K

000-51447

10.1

03/04/2015

X

X

X

X

X

Exhibit
No.

10.28*

10.29*

10.30*

10.31*

10.32*

10.33*

10.34*

10.35*

10.36*

10.37*

10.38*

10.39*
21

23.1

31.1

31.2

31.3

Exhibit Description

Second Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc.
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Dara
Khosrowshahi, dated as of December 20, 2011

Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for Dara
Khosrowshahi, dated as of March 31, 2015
Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for Dara
Khosrowshahi, dated as of March 31, 2015
Stock Option Agreement between IAC/
InterActiveCorp and Barry Diller, dated as of
June 7, 2005

IAC/InterActiveCorp 2005 Stock and Annual
Incentive Plan
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by
and between Mark D. Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc.,
effective as of October 20, 2011

Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Employment Agreement by and between Mark D.
Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc., effective March 7,
2014

Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Employment Agreement by and between Mark D.
Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc., dated September 11,
2014

Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Employment Agreement by and between Mark D.
Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc., dated March 7, 2016

Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for Mark D.
Okerstrom, dated as of March 7, 2016

Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for Mark D.
Okerstrom, dated as of March 7, 2016

Employment Agreement between Robert J. Dzielak
and Expedia, Inc., effective as of March 2, 2015
Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Consent of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm

Certifications of the Chairman and Senior
Executive Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002

32.1*** Certification of the Chairman and Senior Executive
pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002

32.2*** Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002

32.3*** Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002

66

Exhibit
No.
101

Exhibit Description

The following financial statements from the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2016, formatted in
XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations,
(ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive
Income, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets,
(iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements
of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

X

*

**

*†
***

Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Indicates reference to filing of IAC/InterActiveCorp
Indicates reference to filing of Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.
Furnished herewith

67

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused 

this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Signatures

Expedia, Inc.

By:

/s/    DARA KHOSROWSHAHI
Dara Khosrowshahi
Chief Executive Officer

February 9, 2017 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 

persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 9, 2017.

Signature

Title

/s/    DARA KHOSROWSHAHI
Dara Khosrowshahi

/s/    MARK D. OKERSTROM
Mark D. Okerstrom

/s/    LANCE A. SOLIDAY
Lance A. Soliday

/s/    BARRY DILLER
Barry Diller

/s/    VICTOR A. KAUFMAN
Victor A. Kaufman

/s/    SUSAN C. ATHEY
Susan C. Athey

/s/    A. GEORGE BATTLE
A. George Battle

/s/    PAMELA L. COE
Pamela L. Coe

/s/    JONATHAN L. DOLGEN
Jonathan L. Dolgen

/s/    CRAIG A. JACOBSON
Craig A. Jacobson

/s/    PETER M. KERN
Peter M. Kern

/s/    JOHN C. MALONE
John C. Malone

/s/    SCOTT RUDIN
Scott Rudin

/s/    CHRISTOPHER W. SHEAN
Christopher W. Shean

/s/    ALEXANDER VON FURSTENBERG
Alexander von Furstenberg

68

Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

Director (Chairman of the Board)

Director (Vice Chairman)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SCHEDULES AND EXHIBITS

Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Exhibits

Index to Exhibits

F- 2
F- 3
F- 4
F- 5
F- 6
F- 8
F- 9

E- 1

F- 1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Expedia, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of 
December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in 
stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial 
statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial 
statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a 
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial 
position of Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its 
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted 
accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established 
in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
(2013 framework), and our report dated February 9, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/    Ernst & Young LLP

Seattle, Washington
February 9, 2017 

F- 2

Consolidated Financial Statements

EXPEDIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Year ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

(In thousands, except for per share data)

$

8,773,564

$

6,672,317

$

5,763,485

Revenue
Costs and expenses:

Cost of revenue (1)
Selling and marketing (1)
Technology and content (1)
General and administrative (1)
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of intangible assets
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other
Restructuring and related reorganization charges (1)

Operating income
Other income (expense):
Interest income
Interest expense
Gain on sale of business
Other, net

Total other income (expense), net
Income before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc.
Earnings per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to
common stockholders:

Basic
Diluted

Shares used in computing earnings per share:

Basic
Diluted

Dividends declared per common share

(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows:

Cost of revenue

Selling and marketing
Technology and content

General and administrative
Restructuring and related reorganization charges

$

$

$

$

1,596,698
4,367,417
1,235,019
678,292
317,141
34,890
26,498
55,907
461,702

19,726
(173,148)
—
(31,680)
(185,102)
276,600
(15,315)
261,285
20,563
281,848

1.87
1.82

150,367
154,517
1.00

11,388
46,654
63,536
108,149
12,690

$

$

$

$

1,309,559
3,381,086
830,244
573,913
156,458
7,207
(104,587)
104,871
413,566

16,695
(126,195)
508,810
113,086
512,396
925,962
(203,214)
722,748
41,717
764,465

5.87
5.70

130,159
134,018
0.84

5,307
33,164
26,766
80,082
32,749

$

$

$

$

1,179,081
2,808,329
686,154
425,373
76,773
2,842
41,539
25,630
517,764

27,288
(98,089)
—
17,678
(53,123)
464,641
(91,691)
372,950
25,147
398,097

3.09
2.99

128,912
133,168
0.66

3,921
18,067
22,100
40,923
—

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 3

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

EXPEDIA, INC.

Year ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

(In thousands)

$

261,285

$

722,748

$

372,950

(10,217)

(147,815)

(164,666)

—

(43,183)

—

154
(10,063)
251,222

(67)
(191,065)
531,683

(60)
(164,726)
208,224

(32,902)
241,126

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Currency translation adjustments and other, net of taxes
Net reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustments
into total other income (expenses), net

Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of
taxes

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Comprehensive income

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-
controlling interests

Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc.

(29,075)
280,297

$

(86,662)
618,345

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

EXPEDIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands, except per share data)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $25,278 and $27,035
Income taxes receivable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets

Property and equipment, net
Long-term investments and other assets
Deferred income taxes
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill
TOTAL ASSETS

$

$

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable, merchant
Accounts payable, other
Deferred merchant bookings
Deferred revenue
Income taxes payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Total current liabilities
Long-term debt
Deferred income taxes
Other long-term liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable non-controlling interests
Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock $.0001 par value

Authorized shares: 1,600,000
Shares issued: 224,310 and 220,383
Shares outstanding: 137,232 and 137,459

Class B common stock $.0001 par value

Authorized shares: 400,000
Shares issued and outstanding: 12,800 and 12,800

Additional paid-in capital
Treasury stock — Common stock, at cost

Shares: 87,077 and 82,924

Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Total Expedia, Inc. stockholders’ equity

Non-redeemable non-controlling interests

Total stockholders’ equity
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 5

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S

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXPEDIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment, including internal-use software and
website development
Amortization of stock-based compensation
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of intangible assets
Deferred income taxes
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments, net
Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency forwards
Gain on sale of business
Non-controlling interest basis adjustment
Other
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and
disposals:

Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable, merchant
Accounts payable, other, accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Tax payable/receivable, net
Deferred merchant bookings
Deferred revenue

Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities:

Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development
Purchases of investments
Sales and maturities of investments
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash divested and disposal costs
Net settlement of foreign currency forwards
Other, net

Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities:

Payment of HomeAway Convertible Notes
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs
Purchases of treasury stock
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock
Payment of dividends to stockholders
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards and employee stock purchase plan
Sales (purchases) of interest in controlled subsidiaries, net
Excess tax benefit on equity awards
Withholding taxes for stock option exercises
Other, net

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Supplemental cash flow information

Cash paid for interest
Income tax payments, net

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

2016

December 31,
2015
(In thousands)

2014

$ 261,285

$ 722,748

$ 372,950

477,061
242,417
317,141
34,890
(14,088)

16,253
53,089
—
—
7,555

336,680
178,068
156,458
7,207
(21,635)

88,528
(54,226)
(508,810)
(77,400)
15,865

265,817
85,011
76,773
2,842
(79,031)

79,410
5,481
—
—
8,966

(276,154)
(30,198)
184,398
79,202
(100,525)
261,402
50,606
1,564,334

(198,262)
97,701
97,248
194,458
39,776
299,534
(5,893)
1,368,045

(157,957)
(65,203)
110,603
271,454
39,971
331,133
18,739
1,366,959

(749,348)
(45,352)
60,935
(777)
67,088
(53,089)
2,222
(718,321)

(787,041)
(521,329)
410,923
(2,063,649)
523,882
54,226
11,728
(2,371,260)

(328,387)
(1,194,210)
1,162,557
(560,668)
—
(5,481)
1,932
(924,257)

(401,424)
(2,093)
(455,746)
—
(150,159)
141,043
208,016
—
(1,282)
(28,974)
(690,619)
(34,882)
120,512
1,676,299
$ 1,796,811

—
1,441,860
(60,546)
22,575
(108,527)
97,716
(8,518)
90,855
(85,033)
13,817
1,404,199
(127,385)
273,599
1,402,700
$ 1,676,299

—
492,894
(537,861)
20,404
(84,697)
108,121
(3,272)
58,156
—
(5,596)
48,149
(109,184)
381,667
1,021,033
$ 1,402,700

$ 153,755
124,291

$ 109,507
96,834

$

87,555
70,339

Expedia, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 — Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries provide travel products and services to leisure and corporate travelers in the United 
States and abroad as well as various media and advertising offerings to travel and non-travel advertisers. These travel products 
and services are offered through a diversified portfolio of brands including: Expedia.com®, Hotels.com®, Hotwire.comTM, 
Travelocity®, Expedia® Affiliate Network, Classic Vacations®, Expedia Local Expert®, Egencia®, Expedia® 
CruiseShipCenters®, trivago®, CarRentals.comTM, Wotif Group, Orbitz Worldwide (“Orbitz”) acquired in September 2015, 
HomeAway® acquired in December 2015, and eLongTM through its sale on May 22, 2015. In addition, many of these brands 
have related international points of sale, including those as part of AirAsia-Expedia upon our acquisition of a controlling 
interest in March 2015. We refer to Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries collectively as “Expedia,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” and 
“our” in these consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Expedia, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities 

we control, or in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary of expected cash profits or losses. We record 
our investments in entities that we do not control, but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, using the 
equity method. We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts.

We believe that the assumptions underlying our consolidated financial statements are reasonable. However, these 

consolidated financial statements do not present our future financial position, the results of our future operations and cash 
flows.

Seasonality

We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, 
traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, 
summer and winter holiday travel. The number of bookings typically decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue for most 
of our travel products, including merchant and agency hotel, is recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is 
booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. The seasonal revenue impact is exacerbated with respect to 
income by the nature of our variable cost of revenue and direct sales and marketing costs, which we typically realize in closer 
alignment to booking volumes, and the more stable nature of our fixed costs. Furthermore, operating profits for our primary 
advertising business, trivago, are experienced in the second half of the year as selling and marketing costs offset revenue in the 
first half of the year as we aggressively market during the busy booking period for spring, summer and winter holiday travel . 
Additionally, trivago has historically earned a substantial portion of its operating profits in the fourth quarter. As a result on a 
consolidated basis, revenue and income are typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter. The 
continued growth of our international operations, advertising business or a change in our product mix, including the 
assimilation and growth of HomeAway, may influence the typical trend of the seasonality in the future. We expect that as 
HomeAway continues its shift to more of a transaction-based business model for vacation rental listings its seasonal trends will 
generally trend similar to our other traditional leisure businesses over time. 

NOTE 2 — Significant Accounting Policies 

Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Expedia, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities 

for which we control a majority of the entity’s outstanding common stock. We record non-controlling interest in our 
consolidated financial statements to recognize the minority ownership interest in our consolidated subsidiaries. Non-controlling 
interest in the earnings and losses of consolidated subsidiaries represent the share of net income or loss allocated to members or 
partners in our consolidated entities, which includes the non-controlling interest share of net income or loss from our 
redeemable and non-redeemable non-controlling interest entities. Upon closing of its initial public offering ("IPO") on 
December 16, 2016, trivago became a separately listed company on the Nasdaq Global Select Market  and, therefore, is subject 
to its own reporting and filing requirements which could result in possible differences that are not expected to be material to 
Expedia, Inc.

We characterize our minority interest in AirAsia-Expedia and trivago, subsequent to its IPO, as a non-redeemable non-

controlling interest and classify it as a component of stockholders’ equity in our consolidated financial statements. Non-

F- 9

controlling interests with shares redeemable at the option of the minority holders, such as trivago prior to its IPO, have been 
included in redeemable non-controlling interests. See “Redeemable Non-controlling Interest” below for further information.

We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts in our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Estimates

We use estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Our estimates and assumptions affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our consolidated financial 
statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amount of net income or loss during any period. Our 
actual financial results could differ significantly from these estimates. The significant estimates underlying our consolidated 
financial statements include revenue recognition; recoverability of current and long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill; 
income and transactional taxes, such as potential settlements related to occupancy and excise taxes; loss contingencies; loyalty 
program liabilities; redeemable non-controlling interests; acquisition purchase price allocations; stock-based compensation and 
accounting for derivative instruments.

Reclassifications

We have reclassified certain amounts related to our prior period results to conform to our current period presentation. 

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when it is earned and realizable based on the following criteria: persuasive evidence that an 

arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

We also evaluate the presentation of revenue on a gross versus a net basis. The consensus of the authoritative accounting 

literature is that the presentation of revenue as “the gross amount billed to a customer because it has earned revenue from the 
sale of goods or services or the net amount retained (that is, the amount billed to a customer less the amount paid to a supplier) 
because it has earned a commission or fee” is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. In 
making an evaluation of this issue, some of the factors that should be considered are: whether we are the primary obligor in the 
arrangement (strong indicator); whether we have general supply risk (before customer order is placed or upon customer return) 
(strong indicator); and whether we have latitude in establishing price. The guidance clearly indicates that the evaluations of 
these factors, which at times can be contradictory, are subject to significant judgment and subjectivity. If the conclusion drawn 
is that we perform as an agent or a broker without assuming the risks and rewards of ownership of goods, revenue should be 
reported on a net basis. For our primary transaction-based revenue models, discussed below, we have determined net 
presentation is appropriate for the majority of revenue transactions.

We offer traditional travel products and services on a stand-alone and package basis primarily through the following 

business models: the merchant model, the agency model and the advertising model. 

Under the merchant model, we facilitate the booking of hotel rooms, airline seats, car rentals and destination services 
from our travel suppliers and we are the merchant of record for such bookings. The majority of our merchant transactions relate 
to hotel bookings.

Under the agency model, we act as the agent in the transaction, passing reservations booked by the traveler to the relevant 

travel provider. We receive commissions or ticketing fees from the travel supplier and/or traveler. For certain agency airline, 
hotel and car transactions, we also receive fees from global distribution systems partners that control the computer systems 
through which these reservations are booked.

Under the advertising model, we offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic 

and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings on trivago and our transaction-based websites.

In addition, our HomeAway business facilitates vacation rental bookings and provides listing and other ancillary services 

to property owners and managers. 

Merchant Hotel. Our travelers pay us for merchant hotel transactions prior to departing on their trip, generally when they 
book the reservation. We record the payment in deferred merchant bookings until the stay occurs, at which point we record the 
revenue. In certain nonrefundable, nonchangeable transactions where we have no significant post-delivery obligations, we 
record revenue when the traveler completes the transaction on our website, less a reserve for chargebacks and cancellations 
based on historical experience. Amounts received from customers are presented net of amounts paid to suppliers. In certain 
instances when a supplier invoices us for less than the cost we accrued, we generally recognize those amounts as revenue six 

F- 10

months in arrears, net of an allowance, when we determine it is not probable that we will be required to pay the supplier, based 
on historical experience and contract terms. We generally contract in advance with lodging providers to obtain access to room 
allotments at wholesale rates. Certain contracts specifically identify the number of potential rooms and the negotiated rate of 
the rooms to which we may have access over the terms of the contracts, which generally range from one to three years. Other 
contracts are not specific with respect to the number of rooms and the rates of the rooms to which we may have access over the 
terms of the contracts. In either case we may return unbooked hotel room allotments with no obligation to the lodging providers 
within a period specified in each contract. For hotel rooms that are cancelled by the traveler after the specified period of time, 
we charge the traveler a cancellation fee or penalty that approximates the amount a hotel may invoice us for the cancellation.

Agency and Merchant Air. We record revenue on air transactions when the traveler books the transaction, as we have no 

significant post-delivery obligations. We record a reserve for chargebacks and cancellations at the time of the transaction based 
on historical experience.

Agency Hotel, Car and Cruise. In addition to air tickets, our agency revenue comes from certain hotel transactions as 
well as cruise and car rental reservations. We generally record agency revenue from hotel, cruise and car reservations on an 
accrual basis when the travel occurs. We record an allowance for cancellations on this revenue based on historical experience.

Packages. Packages assembled by travelers through the packaging model on our websites generally include a merchant 
hotel component and some combination of an air, car or destination services component. The individual package components 
are recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policies stated above.

Advertising. We record advertising revenue ratably over the advertising period or upon delivery of advertising 
impressions, depending on the terms of the advertising contract. We record revenue from click-through fees charged to our 
travel partners for traveler leads sent to the travel partners’ websites. We record revenue from click-through fees after the 
traveler makes the click-through to the related travel partners’ websites.

Vacation Rental Products and Services. Vacation rental revenue is earned on a transactional or subscription basis, where 

property owners or managers purchase in advance online advertising services related to the listing of their properties for rent 
over a fixed term (typically one year). Listing revenue is also generated on a commission basis, when traveler bookings are 
completed on our websites. During 2016, HomeAway has been undergoing a transition from a subscription-based model to an 
online transaction model, and in 2016, HomeAway launched a traveler service fee paid by the traveler, which is recorded as 
deferred revenue and recognized as revenue at the time of check-in. Payments for term-based paid subscriptions received in 
advance of services being rendered are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the 
listing period. Revenue for performance-based listings is calculated as a percentage of the traveler booking or a fixed fee-per-
inquiry stated in the arrangement and recognized when the service has been performed or as the customers’ refund privileges 
lapse, which is typically at check-in. Revenue from other ancillary vacation rental services or products are recorded either upon 
delivery or when we provide the service.

Other. We record revenue from all other sources either upon delivery or when we provide the service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Our cash and cash equivalents include cash and liquid financial instruments, including money market funds and time 

deposit investments, with maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Short-term and Long-term Investments

We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and 
reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. Based on our intent and ability to hold certain assets until maturity, we 
may classify certain debt securities as held to maturity and measure them at amortized cost. Investments classified as available 
for sale are recorded at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated 
other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available for sale investments, if any, are determined 
on a specific identification basis. Investments with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified within short-term 
investments. All other investments with remaining maturities ranging from one year to five years are classified within long-
term investments and other assets.

We record investments using the equity method when we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the 

investee. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which we do not have the ability to exercise 
significant influence are accounted for using the cost method of accounting and classified within long-term investments and 
other assets. Under the cost method, investments are carried at cost and are adjusted only for other-than-temporary declines in 

F- 11

fair value, certain distributions, and additional investments. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $323 million and $339 
million of cost method investments.

We periodically evaluate the recoverability of investments and record a write-down to fair value if a decline in value is 

determined to be other-than-temporary.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are generally due within thirty days and are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We 

consider accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms as past due. We determine our allowance by 
considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts receivable are past due, previous loss history, a 
specific customer’s ability to pay its obligations to us, and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole.

Property and Equipment

We record property and equipment at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. We also capitalize certain 

costs incurred related to the development of internal use software. We capitalize costs incurred during the application 
development stage related to the development of internal use software. We expense costs incurred related to the planning and 
post-implementation phases of development as incurred.

We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is three to 

five years for computer equipment, capitalized software development and furniture and other equipment. We amortize 
leasehold improvement using the straight-line method, over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the 
remaining term of the lease.

We establish assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to return certain of our leased facilities to 
their original condition under the authoritative accounting guidance for asset retirement obligations. Such assets are depreciated 
over the lease period into operating expense, and the recorded liabilities are accreted to the future value of the estimated 
restoration costs.

We establish assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under lease arrangements where we are 
considered the owner for accounting purposes, pursuant to build-to-suit lease guidance, to the extent that we are involved in the 
construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. As a result of our 
involvement in the construction project for a new office space of our trivago subsidiary, we are recording that lease under 
build-to-suit guidance. We record project construction costs during the construction period incurred by the landlord as a 
construction-in-progress asset and a related construction financing obligation on our consolidated balance sheets. 

Business Combinations

We assign the value of the consideration transferred to acquire a business to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess purchase price over 
the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. When determining the fair values of 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to 
intangible assets. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include but are not limited to future expected cash flows 
from customer relationships and trade names, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon 
assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may 
differ from estimates. Any changes to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period are recognized in the 
reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined.

Recoverability of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill is assigned to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination as of 

the acquisition date. We assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, neither of which is amortized, for impairment 
annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. In the 
evaluation of goodwill for impairment, we typically first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more 
likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. If so, we perform a quantitative 
assessment and compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit 
exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is potentially impaired and we proceed to step two of the impairment 
analysis. In step two of the analysis, we will record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value of the reporting 
unit’s goodwill over its implied fair value should such a circumstance arise. Periodically, we may choose to forgo the initial 
qualitative assessment and perform quantitative analysis to assist in our annual evaluation.

F- 12

We generally base our measurement of fair value of reporting units on a blended analysis of the present value of future 

discounted cash flows and market valuation approach. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting 
units based on the present value of the cash flows that we expect the reporting units to generate in the future. Our significant 
estimates in the discounted cash flows model include: our weighted average cost of capital; long-term rate of growth and 
profitability of our business; and working capital effects. The market valuation approach indicates the fair value of the business 
based on a comparison of the Company to comparable publicly traded firms in similar lines of business. Our significant 
estimates in the market approach model include identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, 
growth, profitability, risk and return on investment and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in 
estimating the fair value of the reporting units.

We believe the weighted use of discounted cash flows and market approach is the best method for determining the fair 
value of our reporting units because these are the most common valuation methodologies used within the travel and internet 
industries; and the blended use of both models compensates for the inherent risks associated with either model if used on a 
stand-alone basis.

In addition to measuring the fair value of our reporting units as described above, we consider the combined carrying and 
fair values of our reporting units in relation to the Company’s total fair value of equity plus debt as of the assessment date. Our 
equity value assumes our fully diluted market capitalization, using either the stock price on the valuation date or the average 
stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date, plus an estimated acquisition premium which is based on 
observable transactions of comparable companies. The debt value is based on the highest value expected to be paid to 
repurchase the debt, which can be fair value, principal or principal plus a premium depending on the terms of each debt 
instrument.

In our evaluation of our indefinite-lived intangible assets, we typically first perform a qualitative assessment to determine 

whether the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more likely than not impaired. If so, we perform a quantitative 
assessment and an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of the carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets over 
their fair value. We base our measurement of fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, which primarily consist of trade 
name and trademarks, using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes that the trade name and trademarks have 
value to the extent that their owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them. As with 
goodwill, periodically, we may choose to forgo the initial qualitative assessment and perform quantitative analysis to assist in 
our annual evaluation of indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Recoverability of Intangible Assets with Definite Lives and Other Long-Lived Assets

Intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets are carried at cost and are amortized on a straight-line 
basis over their estimated useful lives of less than one to twelve years. We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or 
asset groups, including property and equipment, to be used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment 
include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal 
factors or the business climate that could affect the value of the asset, or a significant decline in the observable market value of 
an asset, among others. If such facts indicate a potential impairment, we would assess the recoverability of an asset group by 
determining if the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows expected to 
result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets over the remaining economic life of the primary asset in the asset 
group. If the recoverability test indicates that the carrying value of the asset group is not recoverable, we will estimate the fair 
value of the asset group using appropriate valuation methodologies which would typically include an estimate of discounted 
cash flows. Any impairment would be measured as the difference between the asset groups carrying amount and its estimated 
fair value.

Assets held for sale, to the extent we have any, are reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.

Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

Prior to the IPO of trivago, we had non-controlling interests in majority owned entities, which were carried at fair value 
as the non-controlling interests contained certain rights, whereby we could acquire and the minority shareholders could sell to 
us the additional shares of the company. Changes in fair value of the shares for which the minority holders could sell to us were 
recorded to the non-controlling interest and as charges or credits to retained earnings (or additional paid-in capital in the 
absence of retained earnings). Fair value determinations required high levels of judgment (“Level 3” on the fair value 
hierarchy) and were based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow 
projections.

F- 13

Income Taxes

We record income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect our estimation of the future 

tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for book and tax purposes. We 
determine deferred income taxes based on the differences in accounting methods and timing between financial statement and 
income tax reporting. Accordingly, we determine the deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference based on the 
enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize the underlying items of income and expense. We consider many 
factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent earnings experience 
by jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, and the carryforward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, 
as well as other relevant factors. We may establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount we believe 
is more likely than not to be realized. Due to inherent complexities arising from the nature of our businesses, future changes in 
income tax law, tax sharing agreements or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results, we make certain 
judgments and estimates. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates. All deferred income taxes 
are classified as long-term on our consolidated balance sheets.

We account for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process of evaluating recognition and measurement criteria. 
The first step assesses whether the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the tax authority, 
including resolution of any appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the position. If the tax position meets the more 
likely than not criteria, the portion of the tax benefit greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with the tax 
authority is recognized in the financial statements.

Presentation of Taxes in the Income Statement

We present taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities on a net basis in our consolidated 

statements of operations.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of the derivative 

financial instruments generally represent the estimated amounts we would expect to receive or pay upon termination of the 
contracts as of the reporting date.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, our derivative instruments primarily consisted of foreign currency forward contracts. 
We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures, foreign denominated 
liabilities related to certain of our loyalty programs and our other foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. Our goal 
in managing our foreign exchange risk is to reduce, to the extent practicable, our potential exposure to the changes that 
exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash flows and financial position. Our foreign currency forward contracts are 
typically short-term and, as they do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, we classify the changes in their fair value in 
other, net. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

In June 2015, we issued Euro 650 million of registered senior unsecured notes that are due in June 2022 and bear interest 
at 2.5% (the “2.5% Notes”). The aggregate principal value of the 2.5% Notes is designated as a hedge of our net investment in 
certain Euro functional currency subsidiaries. The notes are measured at Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rates at each balance 
sheet date and transaction gains or losses due to changes in rates are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss) (“OCI”). The Euro-denominated net assets of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at each balance sheet 
date, with effects of foreign currency changes also reported in accumulated OCI. Since the notional amount of the recorded 
Euro-denominated debt is less than the notional amount of our net investment, we do not expect to incur any ineffectiveness on 
this hedge.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses

Certain of our operations outside of the United States use the related local currency as their functional currency. We 

translate revenue and expense at average rates of exchange during the period. We translate assets and liabilities at the rates of 
exchange as of the consolidated balance sheet dates and include foreign currency translation gains and losses as a component of 
accumulated OCI. Due to the nature of our operations and our corporate structure, we also have subsidiaries that have 
significant transactions in foreign currencies other than their functional currency. We record transaction gains and losses in our 
consolidated statements of operations related to the recurring remeasurement and settlement of such transactions.

To the extent practicable, we attempt to minimize this exposure by maintaining natural hedges between our current assets 

and current liabilities of similarly denominated foreign currencies. Additionally, as discussed above, we use foreign currency 

F- 14

forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency 
cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities.

Debt Issuance Costs

We defer costs we incur to issue debt and amortize these costs to interest expense over the term of the debt or, when the 

debt can be redeemed at the option of the holders, over the term of the redemption option. 

As of January 1, 2016, we adopted the Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) requiring debt issuance costs related to a 

recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, 
consistent with debt discounts. Upon adoption, we retroactively restated deferred issuance costs from current and long-term 
assets to the respective debt liability. The adoption of this guidance and prior fiscal year reclassifications did not have a 
material impact on our previously reported consolidated financial statements.

Marketing Promotions

We periodically provide incentive offers to our customers to encourage booking of travel products and services. 

Generally, our incentive offers are as follows:

Current Discount Offers. These promotions include dollar off discounts to be applied against current purchases. We 

record the discounts as reduction in revenue at the date we record the corresponding revenue transaction.

Inducement Offers. These promotions include discounts granted at the time of a current purchase to be applied against a 

future qualifying purchase. We treat inducement offers as a reduction to revenue based on estimated future redemption rates. 
We allocate the discount amount at the time of the offer between the current purchase and the potential future purchase based 
on our expected relative value of the transactions. We estimate our redemption rates using our historical experience for similar 
inducement offers.

Concession Offers. These promotions include discounts to be applied against a future purchase to maintain customer 
satisfaction. Upon issuance, we record these concession offers as a reduction to revenue based on estimated future redemption 
rates. We estimate our redemption rates using our historical experience for concession offers.

Loyalty and Points Based Offers. We offer certain internally administered traveler loyalty programs to our customers, 

such as our Hotels.com Rewards® program, our Brand Expedia Expedia® + rewards program and our Orbitz rewards program. 
Hotels.com Rewards offers travelers one free night at any Hotels.com partner property after that traveler stays 10 nights, 
subject to certain restrictions. Expedia+ rewards enables participating travelers to earn points on all hotel, flight, package and 
activities made on over 30 Brand Expedia points of sale. Orbitz Rewards allows travelers to earn OrbucksSM, the currency of 
Orbitz Rewards, on flights, hotels and vacation packages and instantly redeem those Orbucks on future bookings at various 
hotels worldwide. As travelers accumulate points towards free travel products, we record a liability for the estimated future cost 
of redemptions. The cost of these loyalty points is recorded as a reduction to revenue in our consolidated financial statements. 
We determine the future redemption obligation based on factors that require significant judgment including: (i) the estimated 
cost of travel products to be redeemed, and (ii) an estimated redemption rate based on the overall accumulation and usage of 
points towards free travel products, which is determined through current and historical trends as well as statistical modeling 
techniques. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had a liability related to our loyalty programs of $442 million and $364 
million included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Advertising Expense

We incur advertising expense consisting of offline costs, including television and radio advertising, and online 
advertising expense to promote our brands. We expense the production costs associated with advertisements in the period in 
which the advertisement first takes place. We expense the costs of communicating the advertisement (e.g., television airtime) as 
incurred each time the advertisement is shown. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our advertising 
expense was $2.7 billion, $2.1 billion and $1.6 billion. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $23 million and $16 million 
of prepaid marketing expenses included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure and amortize the fair value of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) as follows:

Stock Options. We measure the value of stock options issued or modified, including unvested options assumed in 
acquisitions, on the grant date (or modification or acquisition dates, if applicable) at fair value, using appropriate valuation 
techniques, including the Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo option pricing models. The valuation models incorporate various 

F- 15

assumptions including expected volatility, expected term and risk-free interest rates. The expected volatility is based on 
historical volatility of our common stock and other relevant factors. We base our expected term assumptions on our historical 
experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted to employees. We amortize the fair value, net of actual 
forfeitures, over the remaining vesting term on a straight-line basis. In addition, we classify certain employee option awards as 
liabilities when we deem it not probable that the employees holding the awards will bear the risk and rewards of stock 
ownership for a reasonable period of time. Such options are revalued at the end of each reporting period and upon settlement 
our total compensation expense recorded from grant date to settlement date will equal the settlement amount. The majority of 
our stock options vest over four years.

Restricted Stock Units. RSUs are stock awards that are granted to employees entitling the holder to shares of common 
stock as the award vests, typically over a three or four-year period. We measure the value of RSUs at fair value based on the 
number of shares granted and the quoted price of our common stock at the date of grant. We amortize the fair value, net of 
actual forfeitures, as stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term on a straight-line basis. We record RSUs that 
may be settled by the holder in cash, rather than shares, as a liability and we remeasure these instruments at fair value at the end 
of each reporting period. Upon settlement of these awards, our total compensation expense recorded over the vesting period of 
the awards will equal the settlement amount, which is based on our stock price on the settlement date. Performance-based 
RSUs vest upon achievement of certain company-based performance conditions. On the date of grant, we determine the fair 
value of the performance-based award based on the fair value of our common stock at that time and we assess whether it is 
probable that the performance targets will be achieved. If assessed as probable, we record compensation expense for these 
awards over the estimated performance period using the accelerated method. At each reporting period, we reassess the 
probability of achieving the performance targets and the performance period required to meet those targets. The estimation of 
whether the performance targets will be achieved and of the performance period required to achieve the targets requires 
judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, the cumulative effect on 
current and prior periods of those changes will be recorded in the period estimates are revised, or the change in estimate will be 
applied prospectively depending on whether the change affects the estimate of total compensation cost to be recognized or 
merely affects the period over which compensation cost is to be recognized. The ultimate number of shares issued and the 
related compensation expense recognized will be based on a comparison of the final performance metrics to the specified 
targets.

Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who 

receive these awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of our original estimates of fair value. 

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance related to accounting for 

share-based payments. The updated guidance changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments 
awards to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as 
well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods 
beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted.

We elected to early adopt the new guidance in the second quarter of 2016, which required us to reflect any adjustments as 

of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The primary impact of 
adoption was the recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for income taxes rather than additional paid-in capital for 
all periods in 2016. Additionally, our consolidated statement of cash flows now present excess tax benefits as an operating 
activity on a prospective basis. Finally, we have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected 
forfeitures. The net cumulative effect of this change was recognized as a $7 million reduction to retained earnings as of 
January 1, 2016. The adoption of the new guidance resulted in the recognition of $40 million of excess tax benefits in our 
provision for income taxes rate rather than additional paid-in capital for 2016.

Earnings Per Share

We compute basic earnings per share by taking net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common 

stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common and Class B common shares outstanding during the period 
excluding restricted stock and stock held in escrow. Diluted earnings per share include the potential dilution that could occur 
from stock-based awards and other stock-based commitments using the treasury stock or the as if converted methods, as 
applicable. For additional information on how we compute earnings per share, see NOTE 14 — Earnings Per Share.

Fair Value Recognition, Measurement and Disclosure

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported on our consolidated 

balance sheets approximate fair value as we maintain them with various high-quality financial institutions. The accounts 
receivable are short-term in nature and are generally settled shortly after the sale.

F- 16

We disclose the fair value of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy using the following three 

categories:

Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for 
similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not 
active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with 

reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Our business is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on relationships with travel suppliers, 

primarily airlines and hotels, dependence on third-party technology providers, exposure to risks associated with online 
commerce security and payment related fraud. We also rely on global distribution system partners and third-party service 
providers for certain fulfillment services.

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash 
equivalents and corporate debt securities. We maintain some cash and cash equivalents balances with financial institutions that 
are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily composed 
of time deposits as well as bank (both interest and non-interest bearing) account balances denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros, 
British pound sterling, Brazilian Real, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar.

Contingent Liabilities

We have a number of regulatory and legal matters outstanding, as discussed further in NOTE 17 — Commitments and 

Contingencies. Periodically, we review the status of all significant outstanding matters to assess the potential financial 
exposure. When (i) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and (ii) the amount of the loss 
can be reasonably estimated, we record the estimated loss in our consolidated statements of operations. We provide disclosure 
in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for loss contingencies that do not meet both of these conditions if there is a 
reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred that would be material to the financial statements. Significant 
judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred and whether such liability is reasonably 
estimable. We base accruals made on the best information available at the time which can be highly subjective. The final 
outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial 
statements.

Occupancy Tax

Some states and localities impose a transient occupancy or accommodation tax on the use or occupancy of hotel 

accommodations. Generally, hotels collect taxes based on the room rate paid to the hotel and remit these taxes to the various tax 
authorities. When a customer books a room through one of our travel services, we collect a tax recovery charge from the 
customer which we pay to the hotel. We calculate the tax recovery charge by applying the occupancy tax rate supplied to us by 
the hotels to the amount that the hotel has agreed to receive for the rental of the room by the consumer. In all but a limited 
number of jurisdictions, we do not collect or remit occupancy taxes, nor do we pay occupancy taxes to the hotel operator on the 
portion of the customer payment we retain. Some jurisdictions have questioned our practice in this regard. While the applicable 
tax provisions vary among the jurisdictions, we generally believe that we are not required to collect and remit such occupancy 
taxes. We are engaged in discussions with tax authorities in various jurisdictions to resolve this issue. Some tax authorities have 
brought lawsuits or have levied assessments asserting that we are required to collect and remit occupancy tax. The ultimate 
resolution in all jurisdictions cannot be determined at this time. We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of 
issues related to hotel occupancy taxes when determined to be probable and estimable. See NOTE 17 — Commitments and 
Contingencies for further discussion.

Recent Accounting Policies Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU amending revenue recognition guidance and requiring more detailed disclosures 

to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows 
arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued an ASU deferring the effective date of the revenue 
standard so it would be effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early 
adoption prohibited before December 15, 2016. In addition, the FASB has also issued several amendments to the standard 
which clarify certain aspects of the guidance, including principal versus agent considerations and identifying performance 

F- 17

obligations. We have made significant progress toward completing our evaluation of potential changes from adopting the new 
standard on our core revenues and continue to evaluate the impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated 
financial statements. We expect to have our preliminary evaluation, including the selection of an adoption method, completed 
by the end of the first half of 2017. We are not planning on early adopting and currently expect to adopt the new revenue 
recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018.

In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under 

the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the FASB clarified 
guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses 
on available-for-sale debt securities. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual 
periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on 
our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to accounting and reporting guidelines for leasing arrangements. 

The new guidance requires entities that lease assets to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet related to the rights 
and obligations created by those leases regardless of whether they are classified as finance or operating leases. Consistent with 
current guidance, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease primarily will 
depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The guidance also requires new disclosures to help financial 
statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is 
effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted and should 
be applied using a modified retrospective approach. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this new 
guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on the measurement of credit losses for financial assets measured at 

amortized cost, which includes accounts receivable, and available-for-sale debt securities. The new guidance replaces the 
existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss methodology, which will result in more timely recognition of 
credit losses. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within 
those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim 
periods within those annual periods. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our 
consolidated financial statements.

In August and November 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to the statement of cash flows which clarifies how 

companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments as well as amends current guidance to address the 
classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance is effective for 
annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption 
permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial 
statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued new guidance amending the accounting for income taxes associated with intra-entity 

transfers of assets other than inventory. This accounting update, which is part of the FASB's simplification initiative, is intended 
to reduce diversity in practice and the complexity of tax accounting, particularly for those transfers involving intellectual 
property. This new guidance requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset 
other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within 
those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the 
impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance clarifying the definition of a business for determining whether 
transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The new standard is effective for 
annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption 
permitted for transactions that occurred before the issuance date or effective date of the standard if the transactions were not 
reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The standard must be applied 
prospectively. Upon adoption, the standard will impact how we assess acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance simplifying subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating Step 2 
from the goodwill impairment test. Under this update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test 
by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for 
the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not 
exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and 
interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual 
goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The standard must be applied prospectively. Upon adoption, the 
standard will impact how we assess goodwill for impairment. We are currently considering our timing of adoption.

F- 18

NOTE 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments 

We had nominal acquisition activity during the year ended December 31, 2016. 

2015 Acquisition and Other Investment Activity

HomeAway Acquisition. On December 15, 2015, we completed our acquisition of HomeAway, Inc., including all of its 

brands, for total purchase consideration of $3.6 billion primarily in cash and Expedia common stock. With Expedia’s expertise 
in powering global transactional platforms and our industry-leading technology capabilities, we are partnering with HomeAway 
to accelerate their shift from a classified marketplace to an online, transactional model to create even better experiences for 
HomeAway’s global traveler audience and the owners and managers of its properties around the world.

Each outstanding share of common stock of HomeAway immediately prior to the acquisition was exchanged for $10.15 

in cash and 0.2065 of a share of Expedia common stock, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. The aggregate purchase 
consideration for HomeAway is as follows (in thousands):

Fair value of shares of Expedia common stock issued to HomeAway stockholders and equity award
holders
Cash consideration paid to HomeAway stockholders and equity award holders

Replacement restricted stock units and stock options attributable to pre-acquisition service

Total purchase consideration

$

$

2,515,755
1,027,061

19,513

3,562,329

The fair value of common stock shares issued was based on the closing price of Expedia’s common stock at 

December 14, 2015 and included the fair value of shares of Expedia common stock issued to (i) HomeAway stockholders based 
on approximately 97 million HomeAway shares outstanding as of December 14, 2015 and (ii) holders of equity awards vested 
as of December 14, 2015. Approximately 20 million shares of Expedia common stock were issued in connection with the 
acquisition of HomeAway. Purchase consideration also included $20 million for the portion of certain unvested employee 
options and restricted stock unit awards of HomeAway attributable to pre-combination service, which were replaced with 
Expedia awards in conjunction with the acquisition and measured at fair value on the acquisition date. The fair value for the 
portion of the awards attributable to post-combination service was $106 million, net of estimated forfeitures.

The following summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price for HomeAway, in thousands:

Cash
Other current assets(1)
Long-term assets
Intangible assets with definite lives(2)
Intangible assets with indefinite lives(3)
Goodwill
Deferred revenue
Other current liabilities
Debt
Other long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities, net

Total

$

$

900,281
54,372
90,890
533,279
239,200
2,613,151
(181,837)
(109,581)
(401,580)
(30,989)
(144,857)
3,562,329

___________________________________
(1)
(2)

Gross accounts receivable was $24 million, of which $1 million was estimated to be uncollectible.
Acquired definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of supplier relationships, customer relationships and
developed technology assets with average lives ranging from less than one to ten years and a weighted average useful
life of 5.2 years.
Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trade names and trademarks.

(3)

The allocation of the purchase price to goodwill was completed during the fourth quarter of 2016 with no material
adjustments to our preliminary allocation. The goodwill of $2.6 billion was primarily attributable to assembled workforce and 
operating synergies as it relates to the shift to a transaction model. The goodwill was allocated to the new HomeAway 
reportable segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

F- 19

We assumed approximately $402 million of 0.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (the “Convertible Notes”) in 

connection with the HomeAway acquisition. However, following the consummation of the HomeAway acquisition, we 
subsequently delivered a notice to holders of the Convertible Notes, as required per the terms of the Convertible Notes 
indenture, to which each holder of the Convertible Notes had the right to (i) require the Company to repurchase its Convertible 
Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such notes plus accrued and unpaid interest or (ii) convert its 
Convertible Notes, at a specified conversion rate into HomeAway common stock (which, following consummation of the 
HomeAway acquisition, represented the right to receive the transaction consideration) or (iii) allow the Convertible Notes to 
remain outstanding for the remaining term. As a result, the majority of the Convertible Notes, or $401 million, were 
repurchased during 2016. 

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, HomeAway also sold warrants (the “Warrants”) to acquire 
approximately 7.7 million shares of HomeAway common stock. As a result of the merger, the Warrant holders had the right to 
terminate the Warrants at fair value as determined in a commercially reasonable manner. A portion of such Warrants were 
settled on December 16, 2015 for $23 million in cash, with the $8 million remainder settled in January 2016.

Both the Convertible Notes and the Warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2015 were included in accrued expenses 

and other current liabilities. As of December 31, 2016, less than $1 million of the Convertible Notes were outstanding and 
included in other long-term liabilities.

HomeAway was consolidated into our financial statements starting on the acquisition date and we recognized a related 

$20 million in revenue and $14 million in operating losses, including fees related to the acquisition that are not allocated to the 
segment, for 2015.

In connection with the acquisition, HomeAway incurred fees paid to financial advisors totaling approximately $33 
million, which were contingent upon closing and were excluded from both Expedia’s consolidated statement of operations and 
the pre-combination financial statements of HomeAway.

Orbitz Acquisition. On September 17, 2015, we completed our acquisition of Orbitz Worldwide, including all of its 
brands, including Orbitz, ebookers, HotelClub, CheapTickets, Orbitz Partner Network and Orbitz for Business, for a total 
purchase consideration of $1.8 billion. The acquisition provides Expedia the opportunity to deliver a better customer experience 
to Orbitz’ loyal customer base and to further enhance the marketing and distribution capabilities we offer to our global supply 
partners.

The purchase consideration consisted primarily of $1.4 billion in cash, or $12 per share for all shares of Orbitz common 
stock outstanding as of the purchase date, as well as the settlement of $432 million of pre-existing Orbitz debt at the closing of 
the acquisition. Purchase consideration also included $17 million for the portion of certain unvested employee restricted stock 
unit awards of Orbitz attributable to pre-combination service, which were replaced with Expedia awards in conjunction with 
the acquisition and measured at fair value on the acquisition date. The fair value for the portion of the awards attributable to 
post-combination service was $49 million, net of estimated forfeitures, of which $34 million was recognized during 2015.

F- 20

The following summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price for Orbitz, in thousands:

Cash consideration for shares
Settlement of Orbitz debt
Replacement restricted stock units attributable to pre-acquisition service
Other consideration

Total purchase consideration

Cash
Accounts receivable, net(1)
Other current assets
Long-term assets
Intangible assets with definite lives(2)
Intangible assets with indefinite lives(3)
Goodwill
Current liabilities
Other long-term liabilites
Deferred tax liabilities, net

Total

$

$

$

$

1,362,362
432,231
16,717
2,214
1,813,524

194,515
150,187
33,727
114,800
515,003
166,800
1,444,307
(636,169)
(54,599)
(115,047)
1,813,524

___________________________________
(1)
(2)

Gross accounts receivable was $157 million, of which $7 million was estimated to be uncollectible.
Acquired definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationship assets, developed technology assets
and partner relationship assets with estimated useful lives ranging from less than one to ten years with a weighted
average life of 6.0 years.
Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trade names and trademarks.

(3)

The allocation of the purchase price to goodwill was completed during the third quarter of 2016 with no material
adjustments to our preliminary allocation. The goodwill of $1.4 billion is primarily attributable to operating synergies. The 
goodwill was allocated to the Core Online Travel Agencies (“Core OTA”) segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax 
purposes. 

Orbitz was consolidated into our financial statements starting on the acquisition date and we recognized a related $196 

million in revenue and $163 million in operating losses, including restructuring charges of $92 million as well as fees related to 
the acquisition that are not allocated to the Core OTA segment, for 2015.

In connection with the merger, Orbitz incurred fees paid to financial advisers totaling approximately $25 million, which 

were contingent upon closing and were excluded from both Expedia’s consolidated statement of operations and the pre-
combination financial statements of Orbitz. In addition, Orbitz offered certain employees a continuity incentive of 
approximately $30 million for continuing employment through the closing date and beyond. The first half of the incentives 
were contingent and paid upon the closing of the acquisition and related to service provided in the pre-acquisition period. The 
second half of the incentive was payable 180 days after the closing (or upon involuntary termination, if applicable) and was 
expensed to restructuring and related reorganization charges over the applicable service period.

Combined Pro forma Information (Unaudited). Supplemental information on an unaudited combined pro forma basis, as 

if the HomeAway and Orbitz acquisitions had been consummated on January 1, 2014, is presented as follows, in thousands:

Revenue
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc.

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

$

7,838,863
816,634

$

7,110,688
301,331

The pro forma results include adjustments primarily related to amortization of acquired intangibles, depreciation of fixed 
assets, certain accounting policy alignments as well as direct and incremental acquisition related costs reflected in the historical 
financial statements. 

Other 2015 Acquisitions. On March 10, 2015, we completed the acquisition of an additional 25% equity interest of AAE 

Travel Pte. Ltd., the joint venture formed between Expedia and AirAsia Berhad in 2011, for cash consideration of 
approximately $94 million. This investment increased our total ownership in the venture from 50% to 75% and resulted in the 

F- 21

consolidation of the entity. In conjunction with the acquisition of the additional interest, we remeasured our previously held 
equity interest to fair value, excluding any acquisition premium, and recognized a gain of $77 million in other, net during the 
period. The fair value of the 25% noncontrolling interest, including an acquisition premium, was estimated to be $64 million at 
the time of the acquisition. Both fair values were determined based on various valuation techniques, including market 
comparables and discounted cash flow projections (Level 3 inputs).

On January 23, 2015, we acquired the Travelocity brand and other associated assets from Sabre for $280 million in cash 

consideration. As a result of the asset acquisition, the strategic marketing and other related agreements entered into in 2013 
were terminated. Under the terms of the strategic marketing agreement, Travelocity was compensated through a performance-
based marketing fee related to bookings powered by Expedia made through Travelocity-branded websites in the United States 
and Canada. Revenue earned on the Travelocity websites was recorded as a component of Expedia’s net revenue in accordance 
with our revenue recognition policies and the related marketing fee paid to Travelocity was recorded as selling and marketing 
expense. In conjunction with the acquisition, we did not acquire any cash or working capital assets or assume any liabilities.

In addition, we completed three other acquisitions during 2015 for a total purchase price of $9 million.

The following summarizes the allocation of the purchase price for the 2015 acquisitions, excluding HomeAway and 

Orbitz, in thousands:

Goodwill
Intangible assets with indefinite lives
Intangible assets with definite lives(1)
Net assets and non-controlling interests acquired(2)
Deferred tax liabilities

Total(3) 

$

$

196,431
163,400
146,126
(23,366)
(7,910)
474,681

___________________________________
(1)

Acquired definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationship, reacquired right and supplier
relationship assets and have estimated useful lives of between four and ten years with a weighted average life of 5.8
years.
Includes cash acquired of $41 million.
The total purchase price includes noncash consideration of $99 million related to an equity method investment, which is
currently consolidated upon our acquisition of a controlling interest, as discussed above, with the remainder paid in cash
during the period.

(2)
(3)

The goodwill of $196 million is primarily attributable to operating synergies and $82 million is expected to be deductible 

for tax purposes with the remainder not expected to be deductible.

The results of operations of the other acquired companies have been included in our consolidated results from the 

transaction closing dates forward. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented as such pro forma financial 
information would not be materially different from historical results.

Other Investments. On March 10, 2015, we announced that Expedia and Decolar.com, Inc. (“Decolar”), the Latin 
American online travel company that operates the Decolar.com and Despegar.com branded websites, have expanded our 
partnership to include deeper cooperation on hotel supply and we have made a $270 million cost method investment in Decolar, 
which is included within long-term investments and other assets on our consolidated balance sheet.

Acquisition-related Costs. Other than costs mentioned above related to Orbitz and HomeAway that were contingent upon 

closing and those costs related to cost method investments, total acquisition-related costs incurred by Expedia in 2015, which 
included legal, finance, consulting and other professional fees, were expensed as incurred within general and administrative 
expenses and were approximately $47 million.

2014 Acquisition Activity

In November 2014, we acquired Wotif Group, an Australian-based online travel company. The total consideration 

received by Wotif Group shareholders of $703 million Australian dollars (“A$”) or A$3.30 per share (approximately $612 
million or $2.87 per share based on November 13, 2014 exchange rates) was comprised of A$51 million special dividend 
distributed by the Wotif Group to its shareholders prior to the acquisition by Expedia, Inc. and A$652 million (or approximately 
$568 million) in cash from Expedia, Inc. The Wotif Group adds to our collection of travel’s most trusted brands and enhances 
our supply in the Asia-Pacific region, while allowing Expedia to expose the Wotif Group to our world-class technology and its 
customers to our extensive global supply.

F- 22

The aggregate purchase price consideration of $568 million was allocated to the fair value of assets acquired and 

liabilities assumed as follows, in thousands:

Goodwill
Intangible assets with indefinite lives
Intangible assets with definite lives(1)
Net liabilities(2)
Deferred tax liabilities

Total

$

$

350,093
125,762
138,292
(43,429)
(2,908)
567,810

___________________________________
(1)

Acquired definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of supplier contracts and customer relationships and have
estimated useful lives of between less than one year and 10 years with a weighted average life of 7.8 years.
Includes cash acquired of $36 million.

(2)

The goodwill of $350 million was primarily attributed to assembled workforce and operating synergies. The goodwill

was allocated to the Core OTA segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition-related costs were 
expensed as incurred within general and administrative expenses and were approximately $7 million.

During 2014, we completed three other acquisitions, including a leading online car rental reservation company in Europe, 

for total consideration of $85 million, which included cash paid of $77 million and existing equity interest of $7 million. As a 
result of these acquisitions, we acquired net liabilities of $19 million, including cash of $48 million, as well as recorded 
deferred tax liabilities of $17 million, $70 million in goodwill and $51 million of intangible assets with definite lives with a 
weighted average amortization life of 6.1 years. In conjunction with our acquisition of a consolidating interest in one of the 
companies, we remeasured our previously held equity interest to fair value at the acquisition date and recognized a gain of $3 
million in other, net during the period.

The results of operations of the acquired companies, including the Wotif Group, have been included in our consolidated 
results from the transaction closing dates forward; the effect on consolidated revenue and operating income during 2014 was 
not significant. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented as such pro forma financial information would not be 
materially different from historical results.

NOTE 4 — Disposition of Business 

On May 22, 2015, we completed the sale of our 62.4% ownership stake in eLong, Inc., which was a separate reportable 

segment, for approximately $671 million (or $666 million net of costs to sell and other transaction expenses) to several 
purchasers, including Ctrip.com International, Ltd. Of the total sales price, approximately $67 million was remitted directly to 
escrow for estimated tax obligations, and was recorded in long-term investments and other assets on our consolidated balance 
sheet as of December 31, 2015 and represented a noncash item in our consolidated statement of cash flows for 2015. In 
November 2016, we received the escrow deposit, which was included as an investing inflow in our consolidated statement of 
cash flows for 2016. As a result of the sale, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $509 million ($395 million after tax) during 2015 
included in gain on sale of business in our consolidated statement of operations.

The following table presents the carrying amounts of our eLong business immediately preceding the disposition on 

May 22, 2015, in thousands:

Total current assets(1)
Total long-term assets

Total assets divested

Total current liabilities
Total long-term liabilities

Total liabilities divested

Components of accumulated other comprehensive income divested
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest divested

Net carrying value divested

___________________________________
(1)

Includes cash and cash equivalents of approximately $74 million.

F- 23

$

$
$

$

$

350,196

137,709
487,905
187,296
5,782
193,078
45,259
92,550
157,018

We evaluated the disposition of eLong and determined it did not meet the “major effect” criteria for classification as a 
discontinued operation largely due to how recently it began having material impacts to our quarterly consolidated operating and 
net income at the time of the determination. However, we determined that the disposition did represent an individually 
significant component of our business. The following table presents certain amounts related to eLong in our consolidated 
results of operations through its disposal on May 22, 2015:

Operating loss(1)
Income (loss) before taxes(2)
Income (loss) before taxes attributable to Expedia, Inc.(2)
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc.(3)

2016

$

Year Ended December 31,

2015

(In thousands)

2014

— $
—
—
—

(85,536) $
438,843
465,400
349,183

(50,757)
(40,535)
(25,078)
(27,119)

___________________________________
(1)

Includes stock-based compensation and amortization of intangible assets of approximately $20 million and $17 million
for 2015 and 2014, which are included within Corporate & Eliminations in NOTE 19 — Segment Information.
The year ended December 31, 2015 includes the pre-tax gain of $509 million related to the gain on sale.
The year ended December 31, 2015 includes the after-tax gain of $395 million related to the gain on sale.

(2)
(3)

NOTE 5 — Fair Value Measurements

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 are classified using the fair value 

hierarchy in the table below:

Assets
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds
Time deposits

Investments:

Time deposits
Corporate debt securities

Total assets

Liabilities
Derivatives:
Foreign currency forward contracts

Total

Level 1

(In thousands)

Level 2

$

$

$

113,955
299,585

24,576
64,227
502,343

$

$

113,955
—

—
—
113,955

$

$

—
299,585

24,576
64,227
388,388

4,402

$

— $

4,402

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 are classified using the fair value 

hierarchy in the table below:

Assets
Cash equivalents:

Money market funds
Time deposits

Derivatives:

Foreign currency forward contracts

Investments:

Corporate debt securities

Total assets

Total

Level 1

(In thousands)

Level 2

218,340
29,126

$

218,340
—

$

8,045

—

98,403
353,914

$

—
218,340

$

—
29,126

8,045

98,403
135,574

$

$

F- 24

We classify our cash equivalents and investments within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value our cash equivalents and 
investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Valuation 
of the foreign currency forward contracts is based on foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, a Level 2 input.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of prime institutional money 

market funds with maturities of three months or less, time deposits as well as bank account balances.

We invest in investment grade corporate debt securities, all of which are classified as available for sale. As of 
December 31, 2016, we had $48 million of short-term and $16 million of long-term available for sale investments and the 
amortized cost basis of the investments approximated their fair value with both gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized 
losses of less than $1 million. As of December 31, 2015, we had $34 million of short-term and $65 million of long-term 
available for sale investments and the amortized cost basis of the investments approximated their fair value with both gross 
unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses of less than $1 million.

We also hold time deposit investments with financial institutions. Time deposits with original maturities of less than three 

months are classified as cash equivalents and those with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified within short-
term investments.

We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures, foreign 

denominated liabilities related to certain of our loyalty programs and our other foreign currency-denominated operating 
liabilities. As of December 31, 2016, we were party to outstanding forward contracts hedging our liability exposures with a 
total net notional value of $1.9 billion. We had a net forward liability of $4 million recorded in accrued expenses and other 
current liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and a net forward asset of $8 million recorded in prepaid expenses and other current 
assets as of December 31, 2015. We recorded $(66) million, $46 million and $10 million in net gains (losses) from foreign 
currency forward contracts in 2016, 2015 and 2014.

NOTE 6 — Property and Equipment, Net

Our property and equipment consists of the following:

Capitalized software development
Computer equipment
Furniture and other equipment
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Land

Less: accumulated depreciation
Projects in progress (1)
Property and equipment, net

___________________________________

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

1,606,960
665,652
72,811
241,713
130,812
2,717,948
(1,575,879)
252,835
1,394,904

$

$

1,220,822
485,074
65,939
199,604
130,725
2,102,164
(1,201,744)
163,839
1,064,259

(1)

At December 31, 2016, project in progress included approximately $38 million of project construction costs that were
incurred by the landlord as property and equipment, net with a related construction financing obligation in other long-
term liabilities pursuant to build-to-suit lease guidance. The building assets will begin depreciating when the costs
incurred related to the build out of the office space are complete and ready for their intended use, which is expected to
be in 2018.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our recorded capitalized software development costs, net of accumulated 
amortization, were $639 million and $484 million. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded 
amortization of capitalized software development costs of $300 million, $230 million and $185 million, most of which is 
included in technology and content expenses.

During 2015, we acquired our future corporate headquarters for $229 million, consisting of multiple office and lab 
buildings located in Seattle, Washington. The acquired building assets are included in construction in process and will begin 
depreciating when the costs incurred related to the build out of the headquarters are complete and the building assets are ready 
for their intended use.

F- 25

NOTE 7 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

The following table presents our goodwill and intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015: 

Goodwill
Intangible assets with indefinite lives
Intangible assets with definite lives, net

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

7,942,023
1,457,072
989,580
10,388,675

$

$

7,992,941
1,459,854
1,334,100
10,786,895

Impairment Assessments. We perform our annual assessment of possible impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived 

intangible assets as of October 1, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. 
As of October 1, 2016, we had no impairments to goodwill but recorded a $35 million impairment charge related to a 
indefinite-lived trade names within our Core OTA segment due to changes in estimated future revenues of the related brands. 

Goodwill. The following table presents the changes in goodwill by reportable segment:

Core OTA

trivago

Egencia

HomeAway

eLong

Total

$

593,419

$

156,324

$

— $

72,663

$ 3,955,901

(In thousands)

Balance as of January 1, 2015 $ 3,133,495
1,633,711

Additions
Deductions

—

6,241

—

—

—

(49,835)

(60,083)

(23,043)

2,602,712

—

—

469
(72,693)

4,243,133
(72,693)

(439)

(133,400)

Foreign exchange
translation

Balance as of December 31,
2015

Additions
Foreign exchange
translation and other

Balance as of December 31,
2016

4,717,371

539,577

133,281

2,602,712

128

—

—

—

(14,028)

(23,339)

(1,552)

(12,127)

—

—

—

7,992,941

128

(51,046)

$ 4,703,471

$

516,238

$

131,729

$ 2,590,585

$

— $ 7,942,023

Any change in goodwill amounts resulting from purchase accounting adjustments are presented as "Foreign exchange 

translation and other" in the above table. In 2015, the additions to goodwill relate primarily to our acquisitions as described in 
NOTE 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, accumulated goodwill impairment losses in total were $2.5 billion, which was 

associated with our Core OTA segment.

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets relate principally to trade names and trademarks 

acquired in various acquisitions.

Intangible Assets with Definite Lives. The following table presents the components of our intangible assets with definite 

lives as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

December 31, 2016
Accumulated
Amortization

Cost

Net

Cost

(In thousands)

December 31, 2015
Accumulated
Amortization

Supplier relationships
Technology
Customer relationships
Domain names
Other

Total

$

$

618,543
480,823
622,117
117,109
446,617
2,285,209

$

(289,834) $
(355,471)
(185,468)
(53,607)
(411,249)
$ (1,295,629) $

328,709
125,352
436,649
63,502
35,368
989,580

$

$

655,414
490,584
613,277
115,102
446,788
2,321,165

$

$

(223,666) $
(258,261)
(73,248)
(34,758)
(397,132)
(987,065) $

Net

431,748
232,323
540,029
80,344
49,656
1,334,100

F- 26

Amortization expense was $317 million, $156 million and $77 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 

2014. The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets with definite lives as of December 31, 2016, 
assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, is as follows, in thousands:

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022 and thereafter

Total

NOTE 8 — Debt

$

$

260,731
245,598
148,585
113,311
77,995
143,360
989,580

The following table sets forth our outstanding debt:

7.456% senior notes due 2018
5.95% senior notes due 2020
2.5% (€650 million) senior notes due 2022
4.5% senior notes due 2024
5.0% senior notes due 2026
Long-term debt(1)

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

500,000
747,020
677,503
494,472
740,341
3,159,336

$

$

500,000
746,216
703,254
493,797
739,873
3,183,140

___________________________________
(1)

Net of discounts and debt issuance costs. Excludes debt acquired in the HomeAway acquisition included within accrued
expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2015. For further information, see NOTE 3 — Acquisitions
and Other Investments.

Long-term Debt

Our $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 are due in August 2018 and bear 

interest at 7.456% (the “7.456% Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. At any time 
Expedia may redeem the 7.456% Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-
whole” premium, in whole or in part.

Our $750 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 are due in August 2020 and bear 

interest at 5.95% (the “5.95% Notes”). The 5.95% Notes were issued at 99.893% of par resulting in a discount, which is being 
amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. We may redeem the 5.95% 
Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” premium, in whole or in part.

Our Euro 650 million of registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 are due in June 2022 and 

bear interest at 2.5% (the “2.5% Notes”). The 2.5% Notes were issued at 99.525% of par resulting in a discount, which is being 
amortized over their life. Interest is payable annually in arrears in June of each year, beginning June 3, 2016. We may redeem 
the 2.5% Notes at our option, at whole or in part, at any time or from time to time. If we elect to redeem the 2.5% Notes prior to 
March 3, 2022, we may redeem them at a specified “make-whole” premium. If we elect to redeem the 2.5% Notes on or after 
March 3, 2022, we may redeem them at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest. Subject 
to certain limited exceptions, all payments of interest and principal for the 2.5% Notes will be made in Euros.

Our $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at December 31, 2016 are due in August 2024 and bear 

interest at 4.5% (the “4.5% Notes”). The 4.5% Notes were issued at 99.444% of par resulting in a discount, which is being 
amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. We may redeem the 4.5% 
Notes at our option at any time in whole or from time to time in part. If we elect to redeem the 4.5% Notes prior to May 15, 
2024, we may redeem them at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” 
premium. If we elect to redeem the 4.5% Notes on or after May 15, 2024, we may redeem them at a redemption price of 100% 
of the principal plus accrued interest.

F- 27

In December 2015, we privately placed $750 million of senior unsecured notes due in February 2026 and bearing interest 

at 5.0%. In November 2016, we completed an offer to exchange these notes for registered notes having substantially the same 
financial terms and covenants as the original notes (the unregistered and registered notes collectively, the "5.0% Notes"). The 
5.0% Notes were issued at 99.535% of par resulting in a discount, which is being amortized over their life. Interest is payable 
semi-annually in arrears in February and August of each year, beginning August 15, 2016. We may redeem the 5.0% Notes at 
our option at any time in whole or from time to time in part. If we elect to redeem the 5.0% Notes prior to November 12, 2025, 
we may redeem them at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a “make-whole” premium. If we 
elect to redeem the 5.0% Notes on or after November 12, 2025, we may redeem them at a redemption price of 100% of the 
principal plus accrued interest. 

The 7.456%, 5.95%, 2.5% 4.5%, and 5.0% Notes (collectively the “Notes”) are senior unsecured obligations issued by 
Expedia and guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries. The Notes rank equally in right of payment with all of our 
existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Expedia and the guarantor subsidiaries. For further 
information, see NOTE 22 — Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information. In addition, the Notes 
include covenants that limit our ability to (i) create certain liens, (ii) enter into sale/leaseback transactions and (iii) merge or 
consolidate with or into another entity or transfer substantially all of our assets. Accrued interest related to the Notes was $63 
million and $52 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The 5.95%, 2.5%, 4.5%, and 5.0% Notes are redeemable in whole 
or in part, at the option of the holders thereof, upon the occurrence of certain change of control triggering events at a purchase 
price in cash equal to 101% of the principal plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The following table sets forth the approximate fair value of our outstanding debt, which is based on quoted market prices 

in less active markets (Level 2 inputs):

7.456% senior notes due 2018
5.95% senior notes due 2020
2.5% (€650 million) senior notes due 2022(1)
4.5% senior notes due 2024

5.0% senior notes due 2026

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

541,000

$

823,000

718,000

511,000
782,000

555,000

827,000

705,000

487,000
750,000

___________________________________
(1)

Approximately 682 million Euro as of December 31, 2016 and 644 million Euro as of December 31, 2015.

Credit Facility

As of December 31, 2016, Expedia, Inc. maintained a $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of 
lenders, which is unconditionally guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries that are the same as under the Notes and 
expires in February 2021. As of December 31, 2016, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding. The facility 
bears interest based on the Company’s credit ratings, with drawn amounts bearing interest at LIBOR plus 137.5 basis points 
and the commitment fee on undrawn amounts at 17.5 basis points as of December 31, 2016. The facility contains covenants 
including maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios.

The amount of stand-by letters of credit (“LOCs”) issued under the facility reduces the credit amount available. As of 

December 31, 2016, there was $19 million of outstanding stand-by LOCs issued under the facility.

The current facility was entered into in February 2016 and replaced our prior $1 billion unsecured revolving credit that 
had a September 2019 expiration date. As of December 31, 2015, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding 
under the prior facility and $29 million of outstanding stand-by LOCs issued under that facility.

In addition, one of our international subsidiaries maintains a Euro 50 million uncommitted credit facility, which is 
guaranteed by Expedia, Inc. and may be terminated at any time by the lender. As of December 31, 2016, we had no borrowings 
outstanding. As of December 31, 2015, we had Euro 20 million in borrowings outstanding included in accrued expenses and 
other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. 

NOTE 9 — Employee Benefit Plans

Our U.S. employees are generally eligible to participate in a retirement and savings plan that qualifies under Section 401

(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their pretax salary, but not more than
statutory limits. We contribute fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in this plan, with a maximum contribution of
F- 28

3% of a participant’s earnings. Our contribution vests with the employee after the employee completes two years of service. 
Participating employees have the option to invest in our common stock, but there is no requirement for participating employees 
to invest their contribution or our matching contribution in our common stock. We also have various defined contribution plans 
for our international employees. Our contributions to these benefit plans were $53 million, $41 million and $36 million for the 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

NOTE 10 — Stock-Based Awards and Other Equity Instruments 

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan, we may grant restricted 

stock, restricted stock awards, RSUs, stock options and other stock-based awards to directors, officers, employees and 
consultants. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 15 million shares of common stock reserved for new stock-based 
awards under the 2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan. We issue new shares to satisfy the exercise or release of stock-based 
awards.

The following table presents a summary of our stock option activity:

Options

(In thousands)

Weighted Average
Exercise Price

Remaining
Contractual Life

(In years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

(In thousands)

Balance as of January 1, 2014
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2014
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2016
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016
Vested and expected to vest after 
December 31, 2016(1)

$

15,427
4,113
(3,804)
(1,301)
14,435
7,572
(4,201)
(751)
17,055
5,670
(2,686)
(1,198)
18,841
5,770

18,841

36.03
78.70
25.66
53.69
49.33
94.13
34.57
74.06
71.77
105.37
47.57
91.62
84.07
58.27

84.07

4.7 $
3.1

552,445
317,909

4.7

552,445

___________________________________
(1)

As of our adoption of the new share-based payment accounting standard in 2016, we no longer include a forfeiture rate
in our vested and expected to vest calculation unless necessary for a performance condition award.

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options shown in the stock option activity table above represents the total 

pretax intrinsic value at December 31, 2016, based on our closing stock price of $113.28 as of the last trading date in 2016. The 
total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $181 million, $314 million and $208 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Included within options granted for 2015 are 2.7 million options awarded to our Chief 
Executive Officer with his entry into a new five-year employment agreement, of which 1.1 million options are subject to a 
stock price performance goal.

F- 29

During the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we awarded stock options as our primary form of 
stock-based compensation. The fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 
were estimated at the date of grant using appropriate valuation techniques, including the Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo 
option-pricing models, assuming the following weighted average assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate
Expected volatility

Expected life (in years)
Dividend yield

2016

2015

2014

0.97%
39.06%

3.59
0.91%

1.19%
41.48%

4.06
0.78%

1.13%
42.97%

4.04
0.76%

Weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during
the year

$

29.48

$

30.56

$

25.80

In addition to the Expedia, Inc. stock plan, there were certain shares held by trivago employees which were originally 
awarded in the form of stock options pursuant to the trivago employee stock option plan and subsequently exercised by such 
employees. During 2016, we exercised our call right on these shares and elected to do so at a premium to fair value, which 
resulted in an incremental stock-based compensation charge of approximately $49 million pursuant to liability award treatment. 

The following table presents a summary of RSU activity:

Balance as of January 1, 2014
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2014
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Balance as of December 31, 2016

RSUs

(In thousands)

Weighted Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value

$

432
108
(159)
(44)
337
1,643
(493)
(91)
1,396
691
(516)
(222)
1,349

50.64
80.94
45.90
55.52
61.97
123.42
103.73
67.11
119.20
109.38
118.71
117.84
114.58

RSUs, which are stock awards that are granted to employees entitling the holder to shares of our common stock as the 

award vests, were our primary form of stock-based award prior to 2009. Our RSUs generally vest over three or four-years, but 
may accelerate in certain circumstances, including certain changes in control. During 2015, in connection with the acquisitions 
disclosed in NOTE 3 — Acquisitions and Other Investments, we replaced certain unvested employee RSUs of the acquiree 
with Expedia awards the amount of which is included within granted in the above table.

The total market value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $57 million, $60 

million and $12 million.

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recognized total stock-based compensation expense of $242 million, including amounts 

related to trivago discussed above, $178 million and $85 million. The total income tax benefit related to stock-based 
compensation expense was $56 million, $45 million and $20 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Cash received from stock-based award exercises for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $128 million and 

$89 million. Our employees that held vested Expedia options prior to the TripAdvisor, Inc. (“TripAdvisor”) spin-off on 
December 20, 2011 received vested stock options in both Expedia and TripAdvisor. As these TripAdvisor stock options are 
exercised, we receive a tax deduction. Total current income tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 
associated with the exercise of TripAdvisor and Expedia stock-based awards held by our employees were $76 million and $130 
million.

F- 30

During 2015, our Chairman and Senior Executive exercised options to purchase 1.9 million shares. 0.5 million shares 
were withheld and concurrently cancelled by the Company to cover the weighted average exercise price of $30.38 per share 
and 0.8 million shares were withheld and concurrently cancelled to cover tax obligations, with a net delivery of 0.6 million 
shares.

As of December 31, 2016, there was approximately $385 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense 

related to unvested stock-based awards, which is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of 2.7 
years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which allows shares of our common stock to be purchased by 
eligible employees at three-month intervals at 85% of the fair market value of the stock on the last day of each three-month 
period. Eligible employees are allowed to contribute up to 10% of their base compensation. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, 
approximately 139,000, 95,000, and 102,000 shares were purchased under this plan for an average price of $95.63, $93.30 and 
$68.70 per share. As of December 31, 2016, we have reserved approximately 1.1 million shares of our common stock for 
issuance under the ESPP.

NOTE 11 — Income Taxes 

The following table summarizes our U.S. and foreign income (loss) before income taxes:

U.S.
Foreign
Total

2016

Year Ended December 31,
2015

(In thousands)

2014

$

$

(47,205) $
323,805
276,600

$

24,397
901,565
925,962

$

$

176,820
287,821
464,641

Provision for Income Taxes

The following table summarizes our provision for income taxes:

Current income tax expense:

Federal
State
Foreign

Current income tax expense
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:

Federal
State
Foreign

Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:
Income tax expense

2016

Year Ended December 31,
2015

(In thousands)

2014

$

$

$

(41,418) $
5,875
64,946
29,403

(5,166) $
(2,863)
(6,059)
(14,088)
15,315

$

$

154,050
1,440
69,359
224,849

(6,865) $
2,156
(16,926)
(21,635)
203,214

$

120,541
6,645
43,536
170,722

(47,390)
(2,419)
(29,222)
(79,031)
91,691

We reduced our current income tax payable by $76 million, $130 million and $69 million for the years ended 

December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for tax deductions attributable to stock-based compensation.

F- 31

Deferred Income Taxes

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the significant components of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were 

as follows:

Deferred tax assets:
Provision for accrued expenses
Loyalty rewards reserve
Occupancy tax reserve
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards
Stock-based compensation
Fair value of debt adjustment
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Less valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid merchant bookings and prepaid expenses
Intangible assets
Property and equipment
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

$

$
$

94,031
163,410
27,814
114,470
81,221
—
31,569
512,515
(65,516)
446,999

$

$

(20,289) $
(718,810)
(152,550)
(16,662)
(908,311) $
(461,312) $

95,499
132,980
16,358
202,220
56,729
24,770
28,766
557,322
(122,850)
434,472

(41,006)
(758,976)
(87,308)
(5,565)
(892,855)
(458,383)

As of December 31, 2016, we had federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately 

$121 million, $119 million and $329 million. If not utilized, the federal and state NOLs will expire at various times between 
2017 and 2036. Foreign NOLs of $235 million may be carried forward indefinitely, and foreign NOLs of $94 million will 
expire at various times between 2017 and 2024.

As of December 31, 2016, we had a valuation allowance of approximately $66 million related to certain NOL 

carryforwards for which it is more likely than not the tax benefit will not be realized. The valuation allowance decreased by $57 
million from the amount recorded as of December 31, 2015 due to the release of a valuation allowance on cumulative foreign 
net operating losses for which realization is now certain, predominantly at certain United Kingdom and German entities. The 
amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during 
the carryforward period change, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and 
additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth.

We have not provided deferred income taxes on taxable temporary differences related to investments in certain foreign 

subsidiaries where the foreign subsidiary has or will invest undistributed earnings indefinitely outside of the United States. The 
total amount of such undistributed earnings was $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2016, which approximates the related taxable 
temporary difference. In the event we distribute such earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to 
income taxes. Further, a sale of these subsidiaries may cause these temporary differences to become taxable. Due to 
complexities in tax laws, uncertainties related to the timing and source of any potential distribution of such earnings, and other 
important factors such as the amount of associated foreign tax credits, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of 
unrecognized deferred taxes on these taxable temporary differences.

F- 32

Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of amounts computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income from continuing 

operations before income taxes to total income tax expense is as follows:

Income tax expense at the federal statutory rate of 35%
Foreign tax rate differential
Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest
Change in valuation allowance
Return to provision true-ups
Pay-to-play penalties
Acquisition related costs
Federal research and development credit
trivago stock-based-compensation
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
Other, net
Income tax expense

2016

Year Ended December 31,

2015

(In thousands)

2014

96,810
(66,947)
33,170
(13,924)
(14,420)
—
1,611
(15,000)
16,956
(39,751)
16,810
15,315

$

$

324,087
(162,784)
33,362
27,320
(8,875)
(11,222)
12,545
(11,500)
—
—
281
203,214

$

$

162,624
(81,371)
(1,625)
13,914
(4,472)
1,322
56
(6,000)
—
—
7,243
91,691

$

$

Our effective tax rate in 2016, 2015 and 2014 was lower than the 35% federal statutory income tax rate due to earnings in 

foreign jurisdictions, primarily Switzerland, where the statutory income tax rate is lower. 

In addition, the decrease in our effective tax rate for 2016 compared to 2015 was due to tax benefits from the adoption of 
new accounting guidance relating to stock-based compensation and the release of valuation allowances in the United Kingdom 
and Germany on cumulative foreign net operating losses for which it is more likely than not the tax benefit will be realized. 
The 2014 and 2015 rate presentation has been adjusted to separately show federal research and development credits and return 
to provision true-ups to align with 2016 effective tax rate presentation.

Uncertain Tax Positions

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance, beginning of year
Increases to tax positions related to the current year
Increases to tax positions related to prior years
Decreases to tax positions related to prior years
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations
Settlements during current year
Interest and penalties
Balance, end of year

2016

2015
(In thousands)

2014

171,177
42,877
8,124
(2,262)
(4,688)
—
5,304
220,532

$

$

110,561
33,880
26,219
—
(2,525)
(100)
3,142
171,177

$

$

109,712
28,416
4,469
—
(23,709)
—
(8,327)
110,561

$

$

As of December 31, 2016, we had $221 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, $181 million of which, if recognized, 

would affect the effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2015, we had $171 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, $138 
million of which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2016 

and 2015, total gross interest and penalties accrued was $15 million and $10 million, respectively. In connection with our 
unrecognized tax benefits, we recognized interest (benefit) expense in 2016, 2015 and 2014 of $5 million, $3 million and $(8) 
million.

The Company is routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities. These audits include 

questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various 
tax jurisdictions. The IRS is currently examining Expedia’s U.S. consolidated federal income tax returns for the periods ended 
December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2016, for the Expedia, Inc. and subsidiaries, statute of 

F- 33

limitations for tax years 2009 through 2015 remain open to examination in the federal and most state jurisdictions. For the 
HomeAway and Orbitz groups, statutes of limitations for tax years 2001 through 2015 remain open to examination in the 
federal and most state jurisdictions due to net operating loss carryforwards.

NOTE 12 — Redeemable Non-controlling Interests 

Until December 2016, we had non-controlling interests in majority owned entities, which were carried at fair value as the 

non-controlling interests contained certain rights, whereby we could acquire and the minority shareholders could sell to us the 
additional shares of the companies. A reconciliation of redeemable non-controlling interest for the years ended December 31, 
2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

Balance, beginning of the period
Acquisition of redeemable non-controlling interest
Purchase of subsidiary shares at fair value
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests
Fair value adjustments
Currency translation adjustments
Other
Transfer to non-redeemable non-controlling interest
Balance, end of period

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

$

$

658,478
—
(7,054)
(22,286)
848,885
(89,436)
(7,611)
(1,380,976)

— $

560,073
6,829
—
(15,417)
188,579
(90,244)
8,658
—
658,478

$

$

364,871
—
—
(9,690)
259,984
(57,853)
2,761
—
560,073

Historically, the fair value of the redeemable non-controlling interest was determined based on a blended analysis of the 

present value of future discounted cash flows and market value approach (“Level 3” on the fair value hierarchy). Our 
significant estimates in the discounted cash flow model included our weighted average cost of capital as well as long-term 
growth and profitability of the business. Our significant estimates in the market value approach included identifying similar 
companies with comparable business factors and assessing comparable revenue and operating multiples in estimating the fair 
value of the business.

In connection with the acquisition of our majority ownership interests in trivago in 2013, we entered into a shareholders 

agreement with trivago’s founders that contains certain put/call rights whereby we could cause the founders to sell to us, and 
the founders could cause us to acquire from them, up to 50% and 100% of the trivago shares held by them at fair value during 
two windows. The first window would have closed during the first half of 2016. However, during the second quarter of 2016, 
we and the founders agreed not to exercise our respective put/call rights during that window and instead to postpone the 
window while the parties explored the feasibility of an IPO of trivago shares. On December 16, 2016, trivago completed its 
IPO for proceeds of approximately $210 million after deducting discounts, commissions and offering expenses and became a 
separately listed company on the NASDAQ. Prior to the initial public offering, we owned 63.5% of trivago. In conjunction 
with the initial public offering, Expedia and trivago’s founders entered into an Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement 
under which the original put/call rights were no longer effective and were replaced with a contingent founder held put right 
whereby Expedia would be obligated to buy all, but not less than all, of a founder’s shares in the event a founder is removed 
from trivago’s management board under certain circumstances which are within the control of Expedia. Immediately prior to 
the offering and the effective date of the newly Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement, we adjusted the fair value of 
our redeemable non-controlling interest to reflect the estimated fair value immediately prior to the offering. We then 
subsequently reclassified the redeemable non-controlling interest into non-redeemable non-controlling interest on the 
consolidated balance sheet as the non-controlling interest was no longer redeemable pursuant to the Amended and Restated 
Shareholders’ Agreement. Post offering, and as of December 31, 2016, our ownership interest and voting interest was 
approximately 59.7% and 64.7% of trivago N.V. and its subsidiaries. 

NOTE 13 — Stockholders’ Equity 

Common Stock and Class B Common Stock

Our authorized common stock consists of 1.6 billion shares of common stock with par value of $0.0001 per share, and 
400 million shares of Class B common stock with par value of $0.0001 per share. Both classes of common stock qualify for 
and share equally in dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, and generally vote together on all matters. Common stock 
is entitled to 1 vote per share and Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. Holders of common stock, voting as a 
single, separate class are entitled to elect 25% of the total number of directors. Class B common stockholders may, at any time, 
convert their shares into common stock, on a one for one share basis. Upon conversion, the Class B common stock is retired 

F- 34

and is not available for reissue. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of Expedia, Inc., the 
holders of both classes of common stock have equal rights to receive all the assets of Expedia, Inc. after the rights of the 
holders of the preferred stock, if any, have been satisfied.

Preferred Stock

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we have no preferred stock outstanding.

Share Repurchases

During 2012, 2010, and 2006, our Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of 

Directors, authorized a repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock during each of the respective 
years and during 2015 authorized a repurchase of up to 10 million shares of our common stock for a total of 70 million shares. 
Shares repurchased under the authorized programs were as follows:

Number of shares repurchased
Average price per share
Total cost of repurchases (in millions)(1)

___________________________________
Amount excludes transaction costs.
(1)

Year Ended December 31,

2016
4.0 million
109.64
436

$
$

2015
0.5 million
85.27
45

$
$

2014
7.0 million
76.26
537

$
$

As of December 31, 2016, 7.3 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the 2015 authorization with no fixed

termination date for the repurchases. Subsequent to December 31, 2016, we repurchased an additional 0.3 million shares for a 
total cost of $30 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average price of $113.42 per share.

Dividends on our Common Stock

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared and paid the 

following dividends:

Year ended December 31, 2016:

Year ended December 31, 2015:

Year ended December 31, 2014:

Declaration Date

Dividend
Per Share

Record Date

Total Amount
(in  thousands)

Payment Date

February 8, 2016 $
April 26, 2016
July 27, 2016
October 24, 2016

March 10, 2016 $
0.24
May 26, 2016
0.24
August 25, 2016
0.26
0.26 November 17, 2016

March 30, 2016
36,174
35,773
June 16, 2016
39,062 September 15, 2016
December 8, 2016
39,150

February 4, 2015 $
April 29, 2015
July 29, 2015
October 29, 2015

March 10, 2015 $
0.18
May 28, 2015
0.18
0.24
August 27, 2015
0.24 November 19, 2015

22,895
March 26, 2015
June 18, 2015
23,096
31,182 September 17, 2015
31,354 December 10, 2015

$

February 5, 2014
April 30, 2014
July 30, 2014
October 27, 2014

March 10, 2014 $
0.15
May 30, 2014
0.15
0.18
August 27, 2014
0.18 November 20, 2014

March 27, 2014
19,602
19,231
June 19, 2014
22,944 September 17, 2014
22,920 December 11, 2014

In addition, in February 2017, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly 
cash dividend of $0.28 per share of outstanding common stock payable on March 30, 2017 to the stockholders of record as of 
the close of business on March 9, 2017. Future declarations of dividends are subject to final determination by our Board of 
Directors.

F- 35

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The balance for each class of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax(1)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities, net of tax
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

___________________________________

December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

(280,426) $

27

(280,399) $

(284,767)
(127)
(284,894)

$

$

(1)

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, includes foreign currency transaction gains at December 31, 2016
of $16 million ($25 million before tax) and foreign currency transaction losses at December 31, 2015 of $1 million ($2
million before tax) associated with our 2.5% Notes. The 2.5% Notes are Euro-denominated debt designated as hedges
of certain of our Euro-denominated net assets. See NOTE 2 — Significant Accounting Policies for more information.
The remaining balance in currency translation adjustments excludes income taxes as a result of our current intention to
indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our international subsidiaries outside of the United States.

Non-redeemable Non-controlling Interests

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our ownership interest in AirAsia-Expedia was approximately 75%. As of December 

31, 2016, our ownership interest in trivago was approximately 59.7%.  Prior to our sale of eLong on May 22, 2015, our 
ownership interest in eLong was approximately 62.4%. Amounts paid in excess of the respective non-controlling interest were 
recorded to additional paid-in capital. The following table shows the effects of the changes in non-controlling interest on our 
equity for the respective periods, in thousands:

Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc.

$

281,848

$

764,465

$

398,097

2016

2015

2014

Transfers (to) from the non-controlling interest due to:

Net decrease in Expedia, Inc.’s paid-in capital related
to trivago IPO

Net increase (decrease) in Expedia, Inc.’s paid-in
capital for newly issued eLong shares and other equity
activity

Net transfers from non-controlling interest

Change from net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. and
transfers from non-controlling interest

$

(32,141)

—

—

—
(32,141)

(4,198)
(4,198)

24,090
24,090

249,707

$

760,267

$

422,187

NOTE 14 — Earnings Per Share 

Basic Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share was calculated for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 using the weighted 

average number of common and Class B common shares outstanding during the period excluding restricted stock and stock 
held in escrow.

Diluted Earnings Per Share

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we computed diluted earnings per share using (i) the number of 

shares of common stock and Class B common stock used in the basic earnings per share calculation as indicated above (ii) if 
dilutive, the incremental common stock that we would issue upon the assumed exercise of stock options and stock warrants and 
the vesting of RSUs using the treasury stock method, and (iii) other stock-based commitments.

F- 36

The following table presents our basic and diluted earnings per share:

Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc.
Earnings per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available
to common stockholders:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic
Dilutive effect of:

$

$

Options to purchase common stock
Other dilutive securities

Diluted

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

(In thousands, except per share data)

281,848

$

764,465

$

398,097

$

1.87
1.82

$

5.87
5.70

3.09
2.99

150,367

130,159

128,912

3,874
276
154,517

3,685
174
134,018

4,149
107
133,168

Outstanding stock awards that have been excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share attributable to 

common stockholders because their effect would have been antidilutive were approximately seven million for 2016, two 
million for 2015, and four million for 2014.

The earnings per share amounts are the same for common stock and Class B common stock because the holders of each 

class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.

NOTE 15 — Restructuring and Related Reorganization Charges 

In connection with the migration of technology platforms and centralization of technology, supply and other operations, 
primarily related to previously disclosed acquisitions, we recognized $56 million and $105 million in restructuring and related 
reorganization charges during 2016 and 2015 as well as $26 million during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2014. The 
2016 and 2015 charges were primarily related to employee severance and benefits as a part of the Orbitz integration and 
represents estimated severance amounts under pre-existing written plans and contracts Orbitz had with its employees, stock-
compensation charges for acceleration of replacement awards pursuant to certain of these agreements as well as incremental 
retention compensation for exiting employees. Based on current plans, which are subject to change, we expect to incur 
approximately $10 to $15 million in 2017 related to these integrations and estimates do not include any possible future 
acquisition integrations.

The following table summarizes the restructuring and related reorganization activity for 2015 and 2016:

Employee 
Severance
and Benefits

Stock-based
Compensation

Other

Total

Accrued liability as of January 1, 2015
Charges
Payments
Non-cash items
Accrued liability as of December 31, 2015
Charges
Payments
Non-cash items
Accrued liability as of December 31, 2016

$

$

10,117
66,255
(29,388)
(1,095)
45,889
39,477
(66,442)
(774)
18,150

$

$

(In thousands)
— $

32,749
—
(32,749)
—
12,690
—
(12,690)

— $

13,658
5,867
(18,408)
6
1,123
3,740
(4,932)
343
274

$

$

23,775
104,871
(47,796)
(33,838)
47,012
55,907
(71,374)
(13,121)
18,424

F- 37

NOTE 16 — Other Income (Expense)

Other, net

The following table presents the components of other, net:

Foreign exchange rate gains (losses), net
Non-controlling interest basis adjustment
Other-then-temporary investment impairment
Equity gains (losses) in unconsolidated affiliates
Other

Total

NOTE 17 — Commitments and Contingencies 

Letters of Credit, Purchase Obligations and Guarantees

For the Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

2014

$

$

(15,244) $
—
(12,117)
(1,490)
(2,829)
(31,680) $

24,787
77,400
—
(13)
10,912
113,086

$

$

6,069
2,783
—
2,743
6,083
17,678

We have commitments and obligations that include purchase obligations, guarantees and LOCs, which could potentially 

require our payment in the event of demands by third parties or contingent events. The following table presents these 
commitments and obligations as of December 31, 2016:

Purchase obligations
Guarantees
Letters of credit

Total

Less than
1  year

1 to 3
years

3 to 5
years

More than
5  years

By Period

$

$

268,322
150,295
48,820
467,437

$

$

239,163
150,295
43,601
433,059

(In thousands)
28,843
$
—
4,864
33,707

$

$

$

316
—
261
577

$

$

—
—
94
94

Our purchase obligations represent the minimum obligations we have under agreements with certain of our vendors. 

These minimum obligations are less than our projected use for those periods. Payments may be more than the minimum 
obligations based on actual use.

We have guarantees which consist primarily of bonds relating to tax assessments that we are contesting as well as bonds 
required by certain foreign countries’ aviation authorities for the potential non-delivery, by us, of packaged travel sold in those 
countries. The authorities also require that a portion of the total amount of packaged travel sold be bonded. Our guarantees also 
include certain surety bonds related to various company performance obligations.

Our LOCs consist of stand-by LOCs, underwritten by a group of lenders, which we primarily issue for certain regulatory 

purposes as well as to certain hotel properties to secure our payment for hotel room transactions. The contractual expiration 
dates of these LOCs are shown in the table above. There were no material claims made against any stand-by LOCs during the 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Lease Commitments

We have contractual obligations in the form of operating leases for office space and related office equipment for which 

we record the related expense on a monthly basis. Certain leases contain periodic rent escalation adjustments and renewal 
options. Rent expense related to such leases is recorded on a straight-line basis. Operating lease obligations expire at various 
dates with the latest maturity in 2026. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded rental expense of 
$147 million, $109 million and $96 million.

F- 38

The following table presents our estimated future minimum rental payments under operating leases with noncancelable 

lease terms that expire after December 31, 2016, in thousands:

Year ending December 31,
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022 and thereafter

Legal Proceedings

$

$

119,770
116,000
96,154
54,407
37,418
90,133
513,882

In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various lawsuits. Management does not expect these lawsuits to have 

a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of Expedia. We also evaluate other potential 
contingent matters, including value-added tax, excise tax, sales tax, transient occupancy or accommodation tax and similar 
matters. In addition, we assumed liability for ongoing lawsuits involving Orbitz Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries in 
connection with our acquisition of Orbitz on September 17, 2015, and for ongoing lawsuits involving HomeAway, Inc. and its 
subsidiaries in connection with our acquisition of HomeAway on December 15, 2015. We do not believe that the aggregate 
amount of liability that could be reasonably possible with respect to these matters would have a material adverse effect on our 
financial results; however, litigation is inherently uncertain and the actual losses incurred in the event that our legal proceedings 
were to result in unfavorable outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance. 

Litigation Relating to Occupancy Taxes. Ninety-five lawsuits have been filed by cities, counties and states involving hotel 
occupancy and other taxes. Twenty lawsuits are currently active. These lawsuits are in various stages and we continue to defend 
against the claims made in them vigorously. With respect to the principal claims in these matters, we believe that the statutes or 
ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be 
owed. We believe that the statutes or ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, 
operate or control hotels (or similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations. To date, forty of 
these lawsuits have been dismissed. Some of these dismissals have been without prejudice and, generally, allow the 
governmental entity or entities to seek administrative remedies prior to pursuing further litigation. Twenty-six dismissals were 
based on a finding that we and the other defendants were not subject to the local hotel occupancy tax ordinance or that the local 
government lacked standing to pursue their claims. As a result of this litigation and other attempts by certain jurisdictions to 
levy such taxes, we have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy and other taxes, 
consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $71 million 
and $43 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. It is also reasonably possible that amounts paid in connection with these 
issues could include up to an additional $5 million related to interest payments in one jurisdiction. Our settlement reserve is 
based on our best estimate of probable losses and the ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the 
liabilities recorded. An estimate for a reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amount reserved cannot be 
made. Changes to the settlement reserve are included within legal reserves, occupancy tax and other in the consolidated 
statements of operations. 

Pay-to-Play. Certain jurisdictions may assert that we are required to pay any assessed taxes prior to being allowed to 

contest or litigate the applicability of the ordinances. This prepayment of contested taxes is referred to as “pay-to-play.” 
Payment of these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to such taxes and, even when such payments are 
made, we continue to defend our position vigorously. If we prevail in the litigation, for which a pay-to-play payment was made, 
the jurisdiction collecting the payment will be required to repay such amounts and also may be required to pay interest. 

Hawaii (General Excise Tax). During 2013, the Expedia companies were required to “pay-to-play” and paid a total of 

$171 million in advance of litigation relating to general excise taxes for merchant model hotel reservations in the State of 
Hawaii.  In September 2015, following a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court, the State of Hawaii refunded the Expedia 
companies $132 million of the original “pay-to-play” amount. As we had previously expensed the pay-to-play payments in 
prior periods, we recognized a gain in legal reserves, occupancy tax and other during the third quarter of 2015 related to this 
matter. Orbitz also received a similar refund of $22 million from the State of Hawaii in September 2015. The amount paid, net 
of refunds, by the Expedia companies and Orbitz to the State of Hawaii in satisfaction of past general excise taxes on their 
services for merchant model hotel reservations was $44 million. The parties reached a settlement relating to Orbitz merchant 

F- 39

model hotel tax liabilities, and on October 5, 2016, the Expedia companies paid the State of Hawaii for the tax years 2012 
through 2015. The Expedia companies and Orbitz have now resolved all assessments by the State of Hawaii for merchant 
model hotel taxes through 2015.  

The Department of Taxation also issued final assessments for general excise taxes against the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz, dated December 23, 2015 for the time period 2000 to 2014 for hotel and car rental revenue for “agency 
model” transactions. Those assessments are currently under review in the Hawaii tax courts.

Final assessments by the Hawaii Department of Taxation for general exercise taxes against the Expedia companies, 
including Orbitz, relating to merchant car rental transactions during the years 2000 to 2014 are also under review in the Hawaii 
tax courts. With respect to merchant model car rental transactions at issue for the tax years 2000 through 2013, the Hawaii tax 
court held on August 5, 2016 that general excise tax is due on the online travel companies’ services to facilitate car rentals. The 
court further ruled that for merchant model car rentals in Hawaii, the online travel companies are required to pay general excise 
tax on the total amount paid by consumers, with no credit for tax amounts already remitted by car rental companies to the State 
of Hawaii for tax years 2000 through 2013, thus resulting in a double tax on the amount paid by consumers to car rental 
companies for the rental of the vehicle. The court, however, ruled that when car rentals are paid for as part of a vacation 
package, tax is only due once on the amount paid by consumers to the car rental company for the rental of the vehicle. In 
addition, the court ruled that the online travel companies are required to pay interest and certain penalties on the amounts due. 
The Expedia companies intend to appeal, and will be expected to pay under protest the full amount claimed due, or 
approximately $16.5 million, as a condition of appeal. The Hawaii tax court’s decision did not resolve “merchant model” car 
rental transactions for the tax year 2014, which also remain under review.

San Francisco. During 2009, we were required to “pay-to-play” and paid $48 million in advance of litigation relating to 

occupancy tax proceedings with the city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco subsequently issued additional 
assessments of tax, penalties and interest for the time period from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2011 
against the online travel companies, including against certain Expedia companies. The additional assessments, including the 
prepayment of such assessments, were contested by the Expedia companies on the basis that the court has already ruled that 
taxes are not due from the online travel companies and that binding precedent by the California Court of Appeals precludes the 
city’s claim for taxes. On May 14, 2014, the court heard oral argument on the Expedia companies’ contest of the prepayment 
requirement for the additional assessments and held that the Expedia companies were required to prepay in order to litigate the 
legality of the assessments. On May 26, 2014, the Expedia companies paid $25.5 million under protest in order to contest the 
additional assessments. The additional assessments were expensed during the second quarter of 2014. In addition, Orbitz in 
total has paid $4.6 million to the city of San Francisco to contest these assessments issued against it by the city. On August 6, 
2014, the California Court of Appeals stayed this case pending review and decision by the California Supreme Court of the City 
of San Diego, California Litigation. The stay is now lifted and the appeal will proceed in light of the California Supreme 
Court’s decision in the San Diego litigation.

Other Jurisdictions. We are also in various stages of inquiry or audit with domestic and foreign tax authorities, some of 
which, including in the United Kingdom regarding the application of value added tax (“VAT”) to our European Union related 
transactions as discussed below, impose a pay-to-play requirement to challenge an adverse inquiry or audit result in court. 

The ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the pay-to-play payments made and our 

estimates of additional assessments mentioned above. 

Matters Relating to International VAT. We are in various stages of inquiry or audit in multiple European Union 
jurisdictions, including in the United Kingdom, regarding the application of VAT to our European Union related transactions. 
While we believe we comply with applicable VAT laws, rules and regulations in the relevant jurisdictions, the tax authorities 
may determine that we owe additional taxes. In certain jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, we may be required to 
“pay-to-play” any VAT assessment prior to contesting its validity. While we believe that we will be successful based on the 
merits of our positions with regard to the United Kingdom and other VAT audits in pay-to-play jurisdictions, it is nevertheless 
reasonably possible that we could be required to pay any assessed amounts in order to contest or litigate the applicability of any 
assessments and an estimate for a reasonably possible amount of any such payments cannot be made. 

Matters Relating to Competition Reviews and Legislation Relating to Parity Clauses. Over the last several years, the 

online travel industry has become the subject of investigations by various national competition authorities ("NCAs"), 
particularly in Europe. Expedia is or has been involved in investigations predominately related to whether certain parity clauses 
in contracts between Expedia entities and accommodation providers, sometimes also referred to as "most favored nation" or 
"MFN" provisions, are anti-competitive.

In Europe, investigations or inquiries into contractual parity provisions between hotels and online travel companies, 

including Expedia, were initiated in 2012, 2013 and 2014 by NCAs in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, 

F- 40

Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland. While the ultimate outcome of some of these 
investigations or inquiries remains uncertain, and Expedia’s circumstances are distinguishable from other online travel 
companies subject to similar investigations and inquiries, we note in this context that on April 21, 2015, the French, Italian and 
Swedish NCAs, working in close cooperation with the European Commission, announced that they had accepted formal 
commitments offered by Booking.com to resolve and close the investigations against Booking.com in France, Italy and Sweden 
by Booking.com removing and/or modifying certain rate, conditions and availability parity provisions in its contracts with 
accommodation providers in France, Italy and Sweden as of July 1, 2015, among other commitments. Booking.com voluntarily 
extended the geographic scope of these commitments to accommodation providers throughout Europe as of the same date.  

With effect from August 1, 2015, Expedia waived certain rate, conditions and availability parity clauses in its agreements 

with its European hotel partners for a period of five years. While Expedia maintains that its parity clauses have always been 
lawful and in compliance with competition law, these waivers were nevertheless implemented as a positive step towards 
facilitating the closure of the open investigations into such clauses on a harmonized pan-European basis. Following the 
implementation of Expedia's waivers, nearly all NCAs in Europe have announced either the closure of their investigation or 
inquiries involving Expedia or a decision not to open an investigation or inquiry involving Expedia. Below are descriptions of 
additional rate parity-related matters of note in Europe. 

The German Federal Cartel Office ("FCO") has required another online travel company, Hotel Reservation Service 
("HRS"), to remove certain clauses from its contracts with hotels. HRS’ appeal of this decision was rejected by the Higher 
Regional Court Düsseldorf on January 9, 2015. On December 23, 2015, the FCO announced that it had also required 
Booking.com by way of an infringement decision to remove certain clauses from its contracts with German hotels. 
Booking.com has appealed the decision and the appeal will be heard by the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf on February 8, 
2017. 

The Italian competition authority's case closure decision against Booking.com and Expedia has subsequently been 

appealed by two Italian hotel trade associations, i.e. Federalberghi and AICA. These appeals remain at an early stage and no 
hearing date has been fixed. 

On November 6, 2015, the Swiss competition authority announced that it had issued a final decision finding certain 

parity terms existing in previous versions of agreements between Swiss hotels and each of Expedia, Booking.com and HRS to 
be prohibited under Swiss law. The decision explicitly notes that Expedia's current contract terms with Swiss hotels are not 
subject to this prohibition. The Swiss competition authority imposed no fines or other sanctions against Expedia and did not 
find an abuse of a dominant market position by Expedia. The FCO’s case against Expedia’s contractual parity provisions with 
accommodation providers in Germany remains open but is still at a preliminary stage with no formal allegations of wrong-
doing having been communicated to Expedia to date. 

The Directorate General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Repression of Fraud (the “DGCCRF”), a directorate of 
the French Ministry of Economy and Finance with authority over unfair trading practices, brought a lawsuit in France against 
Expedia entities objecting to certain parity clauses in contracts between Expedia entities and French hotels. In May 2015, the 
French court ruled that certain of the parity provisions in certain contracts that were the subject of the lawsuit were not in 
compliance with French commercial law, but imposed no fine and no injunction. The DGCCRF has appealed the decision.

Hotelverband Deutschland ("IHA") e.V. (a German hotel association) brought proceedings before the Cologne regional 
court against Expedia, Inc., Expedia.com GmbH and Expedia Lodging Partner Services Sàrl. IHA has applied for a ‘cease and 
desist’ order against these companies in relation to the enforcement of certain rate and availability parity clauses contained in 
contracts with hotels in Germany.

A working group of 10 European NCAs (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, 
Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom) and the European Commission has been established by the European 
Competition Network (“ECN”) at the end of 2015 to monitor the functioning of the online hotel booking sector, following 
amendments made by a number of online travel companies (including Booking.com and Expedia) in relation to certain parity 
provisions in their contracts with hotels. The working group has issued questionnaires to online travel agencies including 
Expedia, metasearch sites and hotels in 2016, and is expected to report its results early in 2017.

Legislative bodies in certain countries have also adopted, or are proposing to adopt, new domestic anti-parity clause 
legislation. On July 9, 2015, the French National Assembly adopted Article 133 of the Loi Macron ("Article 133") that seeks to 
define the nature of the relationship between online reservation platforms and French hotels. Article 133 became effective on 
August 8, 2015. Expedia considers that Article 133 was drafted ambiguously and can be interpreted in a way that violates both 
EU and French legal principles. Therefore Expedia has submitted a complaint to the European Commission relating to Article 
133. However, following the effective date, Expedia has been in contact with its hotel partners in France regarding the impact
of Article 133. Legislation banning certain parity provisions in contracts between online travel companies and Austrian

F- 41

accommodation providers became effective on December 31, 2016. Expedia believes this legislation violates both EU and 
Austrian legal principles and therefore, Expedia has submitted a complaint to the European Commission relating to this 
legislation.

A legislative proposal to prohibit narrow price parity clauses in hotel-OTA agreements in Italy is still pending in the 
Italian Senate and a motion requesting the Swiss government to take action on narrow price parity is currently under discussion 
in the Swiss parliament. The Company is unable to predict whether these proposals in their current form or in another form will 
ultimately be adopted and, if so, when this might be the case. It is not yet clear how any adopted domestic anti-parity clause 
legislations and/or any possible future legislation in this area may affect Expedia’s business. 

Outside of Europe, a number of NCAs have also opened investigations or inquired about contractual parity provisions in 
contracts between hotels and online travel companies in their respective territories, including Expedia. A Brazilian hotel sector 
association — Forum de Operadores Hoteleiros do Brasil — filed a complaint with the Brazilian Administrative Council for 
Economic Defence (“CADE”) against a number of online travel companies, including Booking.com, Decolar.com and Expedia, 
on July 27, 2016 with respect to parity provisions in contracts between hotels and online travel companies. On September 13, 
2016, Expedia submitted its response to the complaint to CADE. Expedia recently resolved the concerns of the Australia and 
New Zealand NCAs based on implementation of the waivers substantially similar to those provided to accommodation 
providers in Europe on September 1, 2016 in Australia and on October 28, 2016 in New Zealand. Expedia is in ongoing 
discussions with a limited number of NCAs in other countries in relation to its contracts with hotels. Expedia is currently 
unable to predict the impact the implementation of the waivers both in Europe and elsewhere will have on Expedia's business, 
on investigations or inquiries by NCAs in other countries, or on industry practice more generally.

The Company is unable to predict how any pending appeals of administrative decisions and the remaining open 
investigations and inquiries by NCAs will ultimately be resolved, or whether further action in Europe will be taken as a result 
of the ECN’s working group's assessment and findings (once published). Possible outcomes include requiring Expedia to 
amend or remove certain parity clauses from its contracts with accommodation providers in those jurisdictions and/or the 
imposition of fines.

It is not yet clear how any adopted domestic anti-parity clause legislations and/or any possible future legislation in this 

area may affect Expedia’s business. Competition-related investigations, legislation or issues could also give rise to private 
litigation. For example, Expedia is involved in private litigation in Germany related to its current contractual parity provisions 
(see above). We are unable to predict how such litigation will be resolved, or whether it will impact Expedia’s business in 
Germany.

NOTE 18 — Related Party Transactions 

Liberty. Mr. Diller is the Chairman and Senior Executive of Expedia. Subject to the terms of an Amended and Restated 
Stockholders Agreement between Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc. (“Liberty Expedia Holdings”) and Mr. Diller, as amended as 
of November 4, 2016, Mr. Diller also holds an irrevocable proxy to vote shares of Expedia common stock and Class B common 
stock beneficially owned by Liberty Expedia Holdings (the “Diller Proxy”), which proxy has been assigned by Mr. Diller to 
Liberty Expedia Holdings as described below.

On November 4, 2016, Liberty Interactive Corporation (“Liberty Interactive”) redeemed a portion of the outstanding 

shares of its Liberty Ventures common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of Liberty Expedia Holdings, which 
at that time was a wholly owned subsidiary of Liberty Interactive (the “Liberty Split-Off”).  At the time of the Liberty Split-Off, 
Liberty Expedia Holdings’ assets included all of Liberty Interactive’s interest in Expedia. Pursuant to a Transaction Agreement 
among Mr. Diller, Liberty Interactive, Liberty Expedia Holdings, John C. Malone and Leslie Malone, dated as of March 24, 
2016 and amended and restated effective as of September 22, 2016, at the time of the Liberty Split-Off, for a period ending not 
later than May 4, 2018 (i) Mr. Diller assigned the Diller Proxy to Liberty Expedia Holdings (the “Diller Assignment”) and 
(ii) Mr. and Mrs. Malone granted Mr. Diller an irrevocable proxy to vote all shares of Liberty Expedia Holdings Series A 
common stock and Series B common stock beneficially owned by them upon completion of the Liberty Split-Off or thereafter
(the “Malone Proxy”), in each case, subject to certain limitations. As a result, by virtue of the voting power associated with the
Malone Proxy, the governance structure at Liberty Expedia Holdings and Mr. Diller’s continuing position as Chairman of
Expedia’s Board of Directors, Mr. Diller indirectly controls Expedia until the termination or expiration of the Diller Assignment
and Malone Proxy, at which point (and by virtue of the termination of the Diller Assignment), unless the Diller Assignment and
Malone Proxy terminate as a result of Mr. Diller’s death or disability, Mr. Diller will have the power to vote directly all shares
of Expedia Common Stock and Class B Common Stock beneficially owned by Liberty Expedia Holdings.

In connection with the then-pending Liberty Split-Off, on March 24, 2016, Liberty Interactive and Liberty Expedia 

Holdings entered into a Reimbursement Agreement with Expedia pursuant to which Liberty Interactive and Liberty Expedia 

F- 42

Holdings agreed to reimburse Expedia, up to a specified cap, for certain costs and expenses resulting from the Liberty Split-Off 
and the above-described proxy arrangements that may be incurred by Expedia with respect to Expedia’s $1.5 billion unsecured 
revolving credit facility and Expedia’s 7.456% Notes maturing in 2018 and 5.95% Notes maturing in 2020 (as amended and 
restated as of September 22, 2016, the “Reimbursement Agreement”). 

On September 30, 2016, Expedia received consents from the holders of more than a majority of the aggregate principal 

amount of its 5.95% Notes and entered into a supplemental indenture to amend the indenture governing its 5.95% Notes to 
conform the definition of “Permitted Holders” to the definition employed in Expedia’s 2.5% Notes, 4.5% Notes 
and 5.0% Notes, including by specifying that “Permitted Holders” include certain entities succeeding to the interest of Liberty 
Interactive in Expedia. Liberty Interactive reimbursed Expedia approximately $4 million for the cost of the consent solicitation 
pursuant to the terms of the Reimbursement Agreement.

The Reimbursement Agreement constitutes Expedia’s sole and exclusive remedy with respect to any claim arising out of 
any potential change of control under any contract, debt instrument, agreement or other similar instrument resulting, directly or 
indirectly, from the Liberty Split-Off or the above-described proxy arrangements entered into in connection with the Liberty 
Split-Off.  On January 3, 2017, other than those provisions relating to Expedia’s remedies described above and certain 
administrative provisions, the Reimbursement Agreement terminated in accordance with its terms upon the non-occurrence 
within the 60 day-period following the Liberty Split-Off of certain reimbursement triggers. 

During 2015 and 2014, we issued 264,841 shares and 264,608 shares of common stock from treasury stock to Liberty 

Interactive at a price per share of $85.24 and $77.11 and an aggregate value of approximately $23 million and $20 million 
pursuant to and in accordance with the preemptive rights as detailed by the Governance Agreement with Liberty Interactive.

IAC/InterActiveCorp. In addition to serving as our Chairman and Senior Executive, Mr. Diller also serves as Chairman of 

the Board of Directors and Senior Executive at IAC. The Company and Expedia are related parties since they are under 
common control, given that Mr. Diller serves as Chairman and Senior Executive of both Expedia and IAC. Each of IAC and 
Expedia has a 50% ownership interest in two aircraft that may be used by both companies. We share equally in fixed and 
nonrecurring costs for both planes; direct operating costs are pro-rated based on actual usage. As of December 31, 2016 and 
2015, the net basis in our ownership interest in both planes was $30 million and $34 million recorded in long-term investments 
and other assets. In 2016, 2015 and 2014, operating and maintenance costs paid directly to the jointly-owned subsidiary for the 
airplanes were nominal.

NOTE 19 — Segment Information 

We have four reportable segments: Core OTA, trivago, Egencia and HomeAway upon its acquisition in December 2015. 
In addition, eLong was a reportable segment through its disposal on May 22, 2015. Our Core OTA segment, which consists of 
the aggregation of operating segments, provides a full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers 
through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com 
websites throughout the world, Orbitz.com, Expedia Affiliate Network, Hotwire.com, Travelocity, Wotif Group, 
CarRentals.com, and Classic Vacations. Our trivago segment generates advertising revenue primarily from sending referrals to 
online travel companies and travel service providers from its hotel metasearch websites. Our Egencia segment, which also 
includes Orbitz for Business, provides managed travel services to corporate customers worldwide. Our HomeAway segment 
operates an online marketplace for the vacation rental industry. 

We determined our operating segments based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make 

operating decisions and evaluate operating performance. Our primary operating metric is adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA 
for our Core OTA and Egencia segments includes allocations of certain expenses, primarily cost of revenue and facilities, and 
our Core OTA segment includes the total costs of our global supply organizations as well as the realized foreign currency gains 
or losses related to the forward contracts hedging a component of our net merchant hotel revenue. We base the allocations 
primarily on transaction volumes and other usage metrics. We do not allocate certain shared expenses such as accounting, 
human resources, information technology and legal to our reportable segments. We include these expenses in Corporate and 
Eliminations. Our allocation methodology is periodically evaluated and may change.

Our segment disclosure includes intersegment revenues, which primarily consist of advertising and media services 
provided by our trivago segment to our Core OTA segment. These intersegment transactions are recorded by each segment at 
amounts that approximate fair value as if the transactions were between third parties, and therefore, impact segment 
performance. However, the revenue and corresponding expense are eliminated in consolidation. The elimination of such 
intersegment transactions is included within Corporate and Eliminations in the table below.

Corporate and Eliminations also includes unallocated corporate functions and expenses. In addition, we record 

amortization of intangible assets and any related impairment, as well as stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and 

F- 43

related reorganization charges, legal reserves, occupancy tax and other, and other items excluded from segment operating 
performance in Corporate and Eliminations. Such amounts are detailed in our segment reconciliation below. Included with 
eLong’s standalone financial statements for 2015 (through its disposal on May 22, 2015) and 2014 was approximately $20 
million and $17 million of stock-based compensation and intangible amortization.

The following tables present our segment information for 2016, 2015 and 2014. As a significant portion of our property 
and equipment is not allocated to our operating segments and depreciation is not included in our segment measure, we do not 
report the assets by segment as it would not be meaningful. We do not regularly provide such information to our chief operating 
decision makers. 

Core OTA

trivago

Egencia

HomeAway

Corporate &
Eliminations

Total

Year ended December 31, 2016

$

(297,318)

— $ 8,773,564
—
$ (297,318) $ 8,773,564
$ (641,168) $ 1,615,672
(477,061)
(317,141)
(34,890)
(242,417)
(26,498)

(164,956)
(317,141)
(34,890)
(242,417)
(26,498)

(43,217)
—
$(1,470,287)

(43,217)
(12,746)
461,702
(185,102)
276,600
(15,315)
261,285

20,563

$

281,848

$ 7,083,620
—

$ 7,083,620

$ 1,965,987
(255,778)

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

(12,746)

(In thousands)

$

$

$

538,479
297,318

835,797

34,826
(7,145)
—

$

$

$

462,279
—

462,279

80,625
(31,340)
—

689,186
—

689,186

175,402
(17,842)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$ 1,697,463

$

27,681

$

49,285

$

157,560

Third-party revenue
Intersegment revenue

Revenue

Adjusted EBITDA
Depreciation

Amortization of intangible assets

Impairment of intangible assets
Stock-based compensation

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other

Restructuring and related
reorganization charges, excluding
stock-based compensation

Realized (gain) loss on revenue hedges
Operating income (loss)

Other expense, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income
Net loss attributable to non-controlling
interests
Net income attributable to Expedia,
Inc.

F- 44

Core OTA

trivago

Egencia

HomeAway(1)

eLong(2)

Corporate &
Eliminations

Total

Year ended December 31, 2015

$

(214,632)

41,743
—

— $ 6,672,317
—
$ (214,632) $ 6,672,317
41,743
(62,167) $ (509,747) $ 1,103,111
(336,680)
(116,850)
(3,263)

—

—

—

—

(156,458)

(156,458)

(7,207)

(7,207)

(178,068)

(178,068)

104,587

104,587

—

(72,122)

(72,122)

—

—
(65,430) $ (935,865)

(43,597)
413,566
512,396

925,962

(203,214)
722,748

41,717

$

764,465

Third-party revenue

Intersegment revenue

Revenue
Adjusted EBITDA

Depreciation
Amortization of
intangible assets
Impairment of intangible
assets
Stock-based
compensation
Legal reserves,
occupancy tax and other
Restructuring and related
reorganization charges,
excluding stock-based
compensation

Realized (gain) loss on
revenue hedges

$ 5,877,213
—

$ 5,877,213
$ 1,600,042

$

$
$

333,024
214,632

547,656
2,856

$

$
$

(189,318)

(2,113)

400,115
—

400,115
68,116
(24,394)

(In thousands)
20,222
$
—

$
$

20,222
4,011
(742)

$

$
$

—

—

—

—

—

(43,597)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Operating income (loss)

$ 1,367,127

$

743

$

43,722

$

3,269

$

Other income, net

Income before income
taxes
Provision for income
taxes
Net income

Net loss attributable to
non-controlling interests
Net income attributable
to Expedia, Inc.

___________________________________

(1)
(2)

Includes results since our acquisition of HomeAway on December 15, 2015.
Includes results through our disposal of eLong on May 22, 2015.

F- 45

Core OTA

trivago

Egencia

eLong

Corporate &
Eliminations

Total

Year ended December 31, 2014

(In thousands)

$ 4,905,150
—

$ 4,905,150
$ 1,387,386

$

$
$

(139,509)
—

$

$
$

280,555
132,964

413,519
3,917
(1,360)
—

$

$
$

399,704
—

399,704
60,933
(20,032)
—

—
—

—

—

(9,412)

—
—

—

—

—

—
—

—

—

—

$ 1,238,465

$

2,557

$

40,901

$

Third-party revenue

Intersegment revenue

Revenue
Adjusted EBITDA

Depreciation
Amortization of intangible assets

Impairment of intangible assets

Stock-based compensation

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and
other

Restructuring and related
reorganization charges, excluding
stock-based compensation
Realized (gain) loss on revenue
hedges
Operating income (loss)

Other expense, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income

Net loss attributable to non-
controlling interests
Net income attributable to
Expedia, Inc.

Geographic Information

$

(132,964)

178,076
—

— $ 5,763,485
—
$ (132,964) $ 5,763,485
178,076
(26,660) $ (400,788) $ 1,024,788
(265,817)
(98,206)
(6,710)
(76,773)
(76,773)
—
(2,842)
(2,842)
(85,011)
(85,011)

—
—

—

—

(41,539)

(41,539)

(25,630)

(25,630)

—

—
(33,370) $ (730,789)

(9,412)
517,764
(53,123)
464,641
(91,691)
372,950

25,147

$

398,097

The following table presents revenue by geographic area, the United States and all other countries, based on the 
geographic location of our websites or points of sale for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. No sales to an 
individual country other than the United States accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the presented years. 

Revenue

United States
All other countries

2016

Year Ended December 31,
2015

(In thousands)

2014

$

$

5,036,539
3,737,025
8,773,564

$

$

3,703,302
2,969,015
6,672,317

$

$

3,046,520
2,716,965
5,763,485

The following table presents property and equipment, net for the United States and all other countries, as of 

December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Property and equipment, net

United States
All other countries

As of December 31,

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

1,217,952
176,952
1,394,904

$

$

944,208
120,051
1,064,259

F- 46

NOTE 20 — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

The following table presents the changes in our valuation and qualifying accounts. Other reserves primarily include our 
accrual of the cost associated with purchases made on our website related to the use of fraudulent credit cards “charged-back” 
due to payment disputes and cancellation fees.

Description

2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Other reserves
2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Other reserves
2014
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Other reserves

___________________________________

Balance of
Beginning of
Period

Charges to
Earnings

Charges to
Other
Accounts

(1)

(In thousands)

Deductions

Balance at End
of Period

$

$

$

$

$

$

27,035
29,959

13,760
25,258

11,555
15,891

12,191

$

(2,554) $

(11,394) $

11,513

$

10,309

$

(8,547) $

11,176

$

440

$

(9,411) $

25,278
24,493

27,035
29,959

13,760
25,258

(1)

Charges to other accounts primarily relates to amounts acquired through acquisitions and net translation adjustments.

NOTE 21 — Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)  

Year ended December 31, 2016
Revenue
Operating income (loss)(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc.(1)
Basic earnings (loss) per share(2)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share(2)
Year ended December 31, 2015
Revenue
Operating income (loss)(3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Expedia, Inc.(3)
Basic earnings (loss) per share(2)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share(2)

___________________________________

Three Months Ended

December 31

September 30

June 30

March 31 

(4)

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

$

$

$

$

$

2,092,829
147,186
79,457
0.53
0.51

1,698,567
29,477
(12,538)

(0.09) $
(0.09)

2,580,905
386,152
279,331
1.86
1.81

1,937,753
344,998
283,216
2.18
2.12

$

$

$

$

2,195,869
25,662
31,649
0.21
0.21

1,662,600
90,092
449,644
3.49
3.38

$

$

$

$

1,903,961
(97,298)
(108,589)
(0.72)
(0.72)

1,373,397
(51,001)
44,143
0.35
0.34

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized a $33 million impairment charge related to indefinite lived intangible
assets.
Earnings per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly
earnings per share may not equal the total computed for the year.
During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recognized $23 million related to restructuring and related reorganization
charges.
In March 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to accounting for share-based payments. We elected to early
adopt the new guidance in the second quarter of 2016, which required us to reflect any adjustments as of January 1,
2016. The primary impact of adoption was the recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for income taxes
rather than additional paid-in capital for all periods in 2016.

F- 47

NOTE 22 — Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information 

Condensed consolidating financial information of Expedia, Inc. (the “Parent”), our subsidiaries that are guarantors of our 
debt facility and instruments (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”), and our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of our debt facility and 
instruments (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) is shown below. The debt facility and instruments are guaranteed by certain of 
our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and 
unsubordinated obligations. The guarantees are full, unconditional, joint and several with the exception of certain customary 
automatic subsidiary release provisions. In this financial information, the Parent and Guarantor Subsidiaries account for 
investments in their wholly-owned subsidiaries using the equity method.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Revenue

Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue

Selling and marketing

Technology and content

General and administrative
Amortization of intangible assets

Impairment of intangible assets

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and
other

Restructuring and related
reorganization charges

Intercompany (income) expense,
net

Operating income

Other income (expense):

Equity in pre-tax earnings of
consolidated subsidiaries

Other, net

Total other income, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $

6,807,279

(In thousands)
2,267,516

$

$

(301,231) $

8,773,564

—
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

383,883

(162,455)

221,428

221,428
60,420

281,848

1,263,828
3,071,762

903,444

429,015

248,634

—

26,498

30,322

656,273

177,503

286,016
(21,206)
264,810

442,313
(50,168)
392,145

346,200
1,583,993

331,230

249,185

68,507

34,890

—

25,585

(656,273)
284,199

—
(1,441)
(1,441)
282,758
(25,567)
257,191

(13,330)
(288,338)
345

92

—

—

—

—

—

—

(669,899)
—
(669,899)
(669,899)
—
(669,899)

1,596,698
4,367,417

1,235,019

678,292

317,141

34,890

26,498

55,907

—

461,702

—
(185,102)
(185,102)
276,600
(15,315)
261,285

Net loss attributable to non-controlling
interests
Net income attributable to Expedia,
Inc.
Comprehensive income attributable to
Expedia, Inc.

$

$

—

—

20,563

—

20,563

281,848

280,297

$

$

392,145

373,649

$

$

277,754

238,299

$

$

(669,899) $

281,848

(611,948) $

280,297

F- 48

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Revenue

Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue

Selling and marketing
Technology and content

General and administrative

Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of intangibles

Legal reserves, occupancy tax and
other
Restructuring and related
reorganization charges

Intercompany (income) expense,
net

Operating income

Other income (expense):

Equity in pre-tax earnings of
consolidated subsidiaries

Gain on sale of business

Other, net

Total other income (expense), net

Income before income taxes
Provision for income taxes

Net income

Net loss attributable to non-controlling
interests
Net income attributable to Expedia,
Inc.
Comprehensive income attributable to
Expedia, Inc.

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries(1)

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $

5,194,549

(In thousands)
1,682,677

$

$

(204,909) $

6,672,317

—

—
—

—

—
—

—

—

—
—

1,009,785

2,347,919
584,560

373,162

58,524
—

308,463

1,230,059
245,495

200,268

97,934
7,207

(104,587)

—

76,422

28,449

742,010
106,754

(742,010)
306,812

(8,689)
(196,892)
189

483

—
—

—

—

—
—

839,779

870,108

—

(119,451)
720,328

720,328

44,137

764,465

—

64,576
934,684

1,041,438
(194,251)
847,187

—

508,810

58,461
567,271

874,083
(53,100)
820,983

(1,709,887)
—

—
(1,709,887)
(1,709,887)
—
(1,709,887)

1,309,559

3,381,086
830,244

573,913

156,458
7,207

(104,587)

104,871

—
413,566

—

508,810

3,586
512,396

925,962
(203,214)
722,748

—

—

41,717

—

41,717

$

$

764,465

763,202

$

$

847,187

822,898

$

$

862,700

742,132

$

$

(1,709,887) $

764,465

(1,709,887) $

618,345

___________________________________

(1)

Includes results through our disposal of eLong on May 22, 2015.

F- 49

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2014 

Revenue
Costs and expenses:

Cost of revenue
Selling and marketing

Technology and content

General and administrative
Amortization of intangible assets

Impairment of intangible assets
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and
other

Restructuring and related
reorganization charges

Intercompany (income) expense,
net

Operating income

Other income (expense):

Equity in pre-tax earnings of
consolidated subsidiaries

Other, net

Total other income (expense), net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Net loss attributable to non-controlling
interests
Net income attributable to Expedia,
Inc.
Comprehensive income attributable to
Expedia, Inc.

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $

4,500,723

(In thousands)
1,389,979

$

$

(127,217) $

5,763,485

—

—
—

—
—

—

—

—

—

—

898,647

1,913,719
472,762

243,793
1,848

—

274,788

1,027,798
213,159

181,228
74,925

2,842

41,539

—

5,020

20,610

666,675

256,720

(666,415)
261,044

455,831

(91,569)
364,262

364,262

33,835

398,097

282,769

34,223
316,992

573,712
(110,929)
462,783

—

4,223
4,223

265,267
(14,597)
250,670

5,646
(133,188)
233

352
—

—

—

(260)
—

(738,600)
—
(738,600)
(738,600)
—
(738,600)

1,179,081

2,808,329
686,154

425,373
76,773

2,842

41,539

25,630

—

517,764

—
(53,123)
(53,123)
464,641
(91,691)
372,950

—

—

25,147

—

25,147

$

$

398,097

398,097

$

$

462,783

463,075

$

$

275,817

118,554

$

$

(738,600) $

398,097

(738,600) $

241,126

F- 50

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2016 

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

(In thousands)

Eliminations

Consolidated

ASSETS

Total current assets
Investment in subsidiaries

Intangible assets, net

Goodwill
Other assets, net
TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt

Other liabilities

Stockholders’ equity
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$

293,759

$

2,535,711

$

1,829,191

$

9,536,273
—

—
4,107

3,410,687
1,921,519

6,392,479
1,608,218

—
525,133

1,549,544
331,818

(1,208,410) $
(12,946,960)
—

—
(5,523)

3,450,251

—
2,446,652

7,942,023
1,938,620

$

$

9,834,139

$

15,868,614

$

4,235,686

$ (14,160,893) $

15,777,546

981,700

$

5,733,755

$

620,153

$

(1,208,410) $

6,127,198

3,159,336
—

5,693,103

—
629,634

—
173,798

9,505,225

3,441,735

—
(5,523)
(12,946,960)

3,159,336
797,909

5,693,103

$

9,834,139

$

15,868,614

$

4,235,686

$ (14,160,893) $

15,777,546

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2015 

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

(In thousands)

Eliminations

Consolidated

ASSETS

Total current assets

Investment in subsidiaries

Intangible assets, net

Goodwill
Other assets, net
TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt
Other liabilities

Redeemable non-controlling interests
Stockholders’ equity
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$

230,840

$

2,261,450

$

1,201,064

$

(717,093) $

2,976,261

$

$

8,420,890
—

—
33
8,651,763

538,856
3,183,140

—
—
4,929,767

$

$

3,106,719
1,974,968

5,859,457
1,381,837
14,584,431

5,511,639
—

620,685
—
8,452,107

$

$

—
818,986

2,133,484
354,482
4,508,016

592,615
—

181,421
658,478
3,075,502

(11,527,609)
—

—
(13,833)

$ (12,258,535) $

—
2,793,954

7,992,941
1,722,519
15,485,675

$

(717,093) $

—
(13,833)
—
(11,527,609)

5,926,017
3,183,140

788,273
658,478
4,929,767

$

8,651,763

$

14,584,431

$

4,508,016

$ (12,258,535) $

15,485,675

F- 51

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities:

Capital expenditures, including internal-use
software and website development
Purchases of investments

Sales and maturities of investments
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Transfers (to) from related parties
Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash
divested and disposal costs
Other, net

Net cash provided by (used in) investing
activities
Financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt,
net of debt issuance costs

Payment of HomeAway Covertible Notes
Purchases of treasury stock

Payment of dividends to stockholders

Proceeds from exercise of equity awards
and employee stock purchase plan

Withholding taxes for stock option exercises

Sales (purchases) of interest in controlled
subsidiaries, net

Transfers (to) from related parties

Other, net

Net cash used in financing activities

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Consolidated

(In thousands)

$

— $

940,191

$

624,143

$

1,564,334

—
—
—
—

—

—

—

—

(2,093)
—
(455,746)
(150,159)

141,043
(1,282)

—

468,511
(274)

(635,534)
—
37,830
—
(172,731)

—
(50,029)

(113,814)
(45,352)
23,105
(777)
172,731

67,088
(838)

(749,348)
(45,352)
60,935
(777)
—

67,088
(50,867)

(820,464)

102,143

(718,321)

—
(401,424)
—

—

—

—

—

—
—

—

—

—

—
(118,179)
(1,484)

208,016
(350,332)
(27,216)

(2,093)
(401,424)
(455,746)
(150,159)

141,043
(1,282)

208,016

—
(28,974)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
cash equivalents

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$

—

—

—
—
— $

(521,087)

(169,532)

(690,619)

(14,865)

(20,017)

(34,882)

(416,225)
841,696
425,471

$

536,737
834,603
1,371,340

$

120,512
1,676,299
1,796,811

F- 52

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Consolidated

(In thousands)

$

— $

624,327

$

743,718

$

1,368,045

(709,679)
(473,538)
327,191
(1,873,079)
(303,846)

—

54,226
(2,978,725)

—

—

—
—

—

—

—

2,350,385
(11,998)
2,338,387

(86,269)
(102,280)
943,976
841,696

$

(77,362)
(47,791)
83,732
(63,791)
177,067

523,882

11,728

607,465

—

—

—
—

1,190

—

(8,518)
(954,175)
27,315
(934,188)

(41,116)
375,879

458,724
834,603

$

(787,041)
(521,329)
410,923
(2,063,649)
—

523,882

65,954
(2,371,260)

1,441,860
(60,546)
22,575
(108,527)

97,716
(85,033)

(8,518)
—
104,672

1,404,199

(127,385)
273,599

1,402,700
1,676,299

Operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities:

Capital expenditures, including internal-use
software and website development
Purchases of investments

Sales and maturities of investments
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Transfers (to) from related parties

Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash
divested and disposal costs

Other, net

Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net
of issuance costs

Purchases of treasury stock
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock

Payment of dividends to stockholders

Proceeds from exercise of equity awards and
employee stock purchase plan
Withholding taxes for stock option exercises

Purchase of interest in a controlled
subsidiaries, net

Transfers (to) from related parties

Other, net

—

—

—
(126,779)
126,779

—

—

—

1,441,860
(60,546)
22,575
(108,527)

96,526
(85,033)

—
(1,396,210)
89,355

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
cash equivalents

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$

—

—

—

—
— $

F- 53

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2014 

Operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities:

Capital expenditures, including internal-use
software and website development

Purchases of investments
Sales and maturities of investments

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Other, net

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net
of issuance costs

Purchases of treasury stock

Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock

Payment of dividends to stockholders

Proceeds from exercise of equity awards and
employee stock purchase plan
Purchase of interest in controlled subsidiaries,
net

Transfers (to) from related parties

Other, net

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
cash equivalents

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Parent

Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries

Consolidated

(In thousands)

$

— $

1,027,571

$

339,388

$

1,366,959

—

—
—

—
—

—

(281,696)
(913,205)
861,744

—
(2,805)
(335,962)

(46,691)
(281,005)
300,813
(560,668)
(744)
(588,295)

—

—

—
—

(328,387)
(1,194,210)
1,162,557
(560,668)
(3,549)
(924,257)

492,894
(537,861)
20,404
(84,697)

3,523

108,121

—

—

—
—

—

—
(287,394)
(2,124)

(3,272)
340,888
(3,472)

(289,518)

337,667

(3,272)
—
52,560

48,149

(64,798)

(44,386)

(109,184)

337,293

606,683

44,374

414,350

381,667

1,021,033

1,402,700

492,894
(537,861)
20,404
(84,697)

104,598

—
(53,494)
58,156

—

—

—

—

$

— $

943,976

$

458,724

$

F- 54

Index to Exhibits

Exhibit
No.

1.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.2

4.1

4.2

Exhibit Description
Underwriting Agreement, dated Expedia, Inc.,
as Issuer, the Guarantors party thereto, and
BNP Paribas, Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P.
Morgan Securities plc, as Representatives of
the several Underwriters (relating to the Fourth
Supplemental Indenture on Exhibit 4.6)
Separation Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated
as of August 9, 2005
Separation Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as
of December 20, 2011

Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of
December 21, 2012, by and among Expedia,
Inc., trivago GmbH, a wholly owned
subsidiary of Expedia and the shareholders of
trivago GmbH party thereto.

Shareholders Agreement, dated as of
December 21, 2012 by and among trivago
GmbH, Expedia, Inc., a wholly owned
subsidiary of Expedia and certain shareholders
of trivago GmbH.

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of
February 12, 2015, by and among Expedia,
Inc., Xeta, Inc., and Orbtiz Worldwide, Inc.

Purchase and Sale Agreement (Cruise), dated
March 10, 2015, by and between Immunex
Corporation and Cruise, LLC

First Amendment to Purchase and Sale, dated
March 25, 2015, by and between Immunex
Corporation and Cruise, LLC
Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 22,
2015, by and among Expedia, Inc., Expedia
Asia Pacific - Alpha Limited, Ctrip.com
International, Ltd., C-Travel International
Limited, Luxuriant Holdings Limited,
Keystone Lodging Holdings Limited and
Plateno Group Limited

Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated
as of November 4, 2015, by and among
Expedia, Inc., HMS 1 Inc. and HomeAway,
Inc.
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Expedia,
Inc.
Indenture, dated as of August 21, 2006, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary
Guarantors from time to time parties thereto
and The Bank of New York Trust Company,
N.A., as Trustee, relating to Expedia, Inc.’s
7.456% Senior Notes due 2018
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
January 19, 2007, among Expedia, Inc., as
Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto
and The Bank of New York Trust Company,
N.A., as Trustee

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K

000-51447

1.1

6/3/2015

10-Q

000-51447

2.1

11/14/2005

8-K

000-51447

2.1

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

2.1

12/21/2012

8-K

000-51447

2.2

12/21/2012

8-K

000-51447

2.1

2/13/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.1

4/2/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.2

4/2/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.1

5/22/2015

8-K

8-K

001-37429

000-51447

2.1

3.3

11/5/2015

8/15/2005

10-Q

000-51447

4.1

11/14/2006

S-4

333-140195

4.2

1/25/2007

E- 1

Exhibit
No.

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

Exhibit Description
Indenture, dated as of August 5, 2010, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary
Guarantors from time to time parties thereto
and The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, governing
Expedia, Inc.’s 5.95% Senior Notes due 2020
Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
September 30, 2016, among Expedia, Inc., as
Issuer, the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto
and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust
Company, N.A., as Trustee

Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2014, among
Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary
Guarantors from time to time parties thereto
and The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
August 18, 2014, among Expedia, Inc., the
Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and The
Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as
Trustee, governing Expedia, Inc.’s
4.500% Senior Notes due 2024

Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of
June 3, 2015, among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer,
the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto and
The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, governing
Expedia, Inc.’s 2.500% Senior Notes due 2022

Indenture, dated as of December 8, 2015,
among Expedia, Inc., as Issuer, the Subsidiary
Guarantors from time to time parties thereto
and The Bank of New York Mellon
Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, governing
Expedia, Inc.’s 5.000% Senior Notes due 2026

Amended and Restated Governance
Agreement among Expedia, Inc., Liberty
Interactive Corporation and Barry Diller, dated
as of December 20, 2011

Assignment and Assumption of Governance
Agreement, among Liberty Expedia holdings,
Inc., LEXE Marginco, LLC, LEXEB, LLC,
Liberty Interactive Corporation, Barry Diller
and Expedia, Inc., dated as of November 4,
2016
Amended and Restated Stockholders
Agreement between Liberty Interactive
Corporation and Barry Diller, dated as of
December 20, 2011

Assignment and Assumption of Stockholders
Agreement, by and among Liberty Expedia
Holdings, Inc., Liberty Interactive Corporation
and Barry Diller, dated November 4, 2016
Amendment No. 1 to Stockholders Agreement,
by and between Liberty Expedia Holdings,
Inc. and Barry Diller, dated November 4, 2016

Amended and Restated Transaction
Agreement, by and among Liberty Interactive
Corporation, Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.,
Barry Diller, John C. Malone and Leslie
Malone, dated as of September 22, 2016

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K

000-51447

4.1

8/10/2010

8-K

001-37429

4.1

10/3/2016

8-K

000-51447

4.1

8/18/2014

8-K

000-51447

4.2

8/18/2014

8-K

000-51447

4.2

6/3/2015

8-K

001-37429

4.1

12/8/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.10

12/27/2011

8-K*†

001-37938

10.6

11/7/2016

10-K

000-51447

10.1

2/10/2012

8-K*†

001-37938

10.7

11/7/2016

8-K*†

001-37938

10.8

11/7/2016

S-4/A*†

333-210377

10.1

9/23/2016

E- 2

Exhibit
No.

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16*

10.17*
10.18*

10.19*

10.20*

10.21*

Exhibit Description
Assignment Agreement, by and between Barry
Diller and Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.,
dated November 4, 2016

Tax Sharing Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated
as of August 9, 2005

Employee Matters Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp, dated
as of August 9, 2005
Tax Sharing Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as
of December 20, 2011
Employee Matters Agreement by and between
Expedia, Inc. and TripAdvisor, Inc., dated as
of December 20, 2011
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
dated as of September 5, 2014, among
Expedia, Inc., a Delaware corporation,
Expedia, Inc., a Washington corporation,
Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada limited liability
company; Hotwire, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, the Lenders party hereto,
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe
Limited, as London Agent

First Amendment, dated as of February 4,
2016, among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, Expedia, Inc., a Washington
corporation, Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada
limited liability company, Hotwire, Inc., a
Delaware corporation, the lenders and issuing
banks party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P.
Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent

Second Amendment, dated as December 22,
2016, among Expedia, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, Expedia, Inc., a Washington
corporation, Travelscape, LLC, a Nevada
limited liability company, Hotwire, Inc., a
Delaware corporation, the other Borrowing
Subsidiaries from time to time party thereto,
the Lenders from time to time party thereto,
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe
Limited, as London Agent
Office Building Lease by and between Tower
333 LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company, and Expedia, Inc., a Washington
corporation, dated June 25, 2007
Fourth Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc.
2005 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan
Orbitz Worldwide, Inc. 2007 Equity and
Incentive Plan
HomeAway, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan
Expedia, Inc. 2013 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan

Expedia, Inc. 2013 International Employee
Stock Purchase Plan
Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement (Directors)

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

8-K*†

001-37938

10.10

11/7/2016

10-Q

000-51447

10.10

11/14/2005

10-Q

000-51447

10.1

11/14/2005

8-K

000-51447

10.2

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.3

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.1

9/11/2014

8-K

001-37429

10.1

2/8/2016

X

E- 3

10-Q

000-51447

10.10

8/3/2007

DEF 14A 001-37429

Appendix A 8/23/2016

S-8
S-8

333-206990
333-208548

99.1
99.10

9/17/2015
12/15/2015

DEF14A 000-51447

Appendix B

4/30/2013

DEF 14A 000-51447

Appendix C

4/30/2013

10-Q

000-51447

10.1

8/1/2014

Exhibit
No.

10.22*

10.23*

10.24*

10.25*

10.26*

10.27*

10.28*

10.29*

10.30*

10.31*

10.32*

10.33*

10.34*

10.35*

10.36*

10.37*

10.38*

10.39*
21

23.1

Exhibit Description

Form of Expedia, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit
Agreement

Form of Expedia, Inc. Stock Option
Agreement

Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc. Non-
Employee Director Deferred Compensation
Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009

Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan,
effective as of January 1, 2009
First Amendment of the Executed Deferred
Compensation Plan, effective as of
December 31, 2014
Employment Agreement between Dara
Khosrowshahi and Expedia, Inc., effective as
of March 31, 2015

Second Amended and Restated Expedia, Inc.
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Dara
Khosrowshahi, dated as of December 20, 2011
Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for
Dara Khosrowshahi, dated as of March 31,
2015

Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for
Dara Khosrowshahi, dated as of March 31,
2015

Stock Option Agreement between IAC/
InterActiveCorp and Barry Diller, dated as of
June 7, 2005

IAC/InterActiveCorp 2005 Stock and Annual
Incentive Plan

Amended and Restated Employment
Agreement by and between Mark D.
Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc., effective as of
October 20, 2011

Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Employment Agreement by and between Mark
D. Okerstrom and Expedia, Inc., effective
March 7, 2014

Second Amendment to the Amended and
Restated Employment Agreement by and
between Mark D. Okerstrom and Expedia,
Inc., dated September 11, 2014
Third Amendment to the Amended and
Restated Employment Agreement by and
between Mark D. Okerstrom and Expedia,
Inc., dated March 7, 2016
Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for
Mark D. Okerstrom, dated as of March 7, 2016
Expedia, Inc. Stock Option Agreement for
Mark D. Okerstrom, dated as of March 7, 2016
Employment Agreement between Robert J.
Dzielak and Expedia, Inc., effective as of
March 2, 2015
Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Consent of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed
Herewith

X

X

10-K

000-51447

10.1

2/19/2009

10-K

000-51447

10.2

2/19/2009

10-K

000-51447

10.20

2/6/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.10

4/1/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.5

12/27/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.2

4/1/2015

8-K

000-51447

10.3

4/1/2015

10-Q**

000-20570

10.8

11/09/2005

S-4/A**

333-124303

Annex J

06/17/2005

S-4/A

333-175828

10.17

10/24/2011

8-K

000-51447

10.1

03/07/2014

8-K

000-51447

10.1

09/12/2014

8-K

8-K

8-K

001-37429

001-37429

001-37429

10.1

10.2

10.3

03/09/2016

03/09/2016

03/09/2016

8-K

000-51447

10.1

03/04/2015

X

X

E- 4

Exhibit
No.
31.1

31.2

31.3

Exhibit Description

Certifications of the Chairman and Senior
Executive Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002

32.1*** Certification of the Chairman and Senior

Executive pursuant Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*** Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002

32.3*** Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002

101

The following financial statements from the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2016, formatted
in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of
Operations, (ii) Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated
Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements
of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity,
(v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,
and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.

Filed
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

X

X

X

X

*

**

*†
***

Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Indicates reference to filing of IAC/InterActiveCorp

Indicates reference to filing of Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.

Furnished herewith

E- 5

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

OFFICERS

Barry Diller
Chairman and Senior Executive

Dara Khosrowshahi
President and 
Chief Executive Officer

Victor A. Kaufman
Vice Chairman

Mark D. Okerstrom
Chief  Financial  Officer  and 
Executive Vice President 
of  Operations

Robert J. Dzielak
Executive Vice President, 
General Counsel and Secretary

Lance A. Soliday
Senior Vice President, 
Chief Accounting Officer and 
Controller

Barry Diller, Chairman
Chairman and Senior Executive 
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp

Dara Khosrowshahi
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Expedia, Inc.

Victor A. Kaufman
Vice Chairman
Expedia, Inc. and IAC/InterActiveCorp

Susan C. Athey
Economics of Technology Professor 
Stanford Graduate School of Business

A. George (Skip) Battle
Former CEO and
Executive Chairman,
Ask Jeeves, Inc.

Chelsea Clinton
Vice Chair
Clinton Foundation

Pamela L. Coe
Senior Vice President, Deputy 
General Counsel and Secretary 
Liberty Interactive Corporation and 
Liberty Media Corporation

Jonathan L. Dolgen
Principal
Wood River Ventures, LLC

Craig A. Jacobson
Partner
Hansen, Jacobson, Teller, Hoberman, 
Newman, Warren, Richman, Rush, 
Kaller & Gellman, L.L.P.

Peter M. Kern
Managing Partner
InterMedia Partners VII, LP

John C. Malone
Chairman
Liberty Interactive Corporation and 
Liberty Media Corporation

Scott Rudin
Film and Theatre Producer

Christopher W. Shean
Chief Executive Officer, President and 
Director
Liberty Expedia Holdings, Inc.

Alexander von Furstenberg 
Founder and Chief Investment Officer 
Ranger Global Advisors, LLC

STOCKHOLDER 
INFORMATION

Annual Meeting 
(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85)s 
will be held via audio
webcast on June 13, 2017 (cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3) 
9(cid:29)3(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:17)(cid:80)(cid:17)(cid:3)Eastern Time
Online audio webcast: 
EXPE.onlineshareholdermeeting.com

Stock Market Listing
Expedia, Inc.’s common stock is 
traded on the NASDAQ Global 
Select Market under the symbol 
“EXPE.”

Registrar and Transfer Agent
Computershare

Stockholder correspondence should 
be mailed to:
Computershare
P.O. Box (cid:22)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:19) 
(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:59)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:23)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:19)

Overnight correspondence should 
be mailed to:
Computershare 
(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:52)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:19) 
College Station, TX 77845

Computershare stockholder website: 
www.computershare.com/investor

Computershare stockholder 
online inquiries:
https://www-us.computershare.com/
Investor/Contact

Computershare
Toll Free Number 866-202-9254

Independent Registered Public 
Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young LLP
999 Third Avenue
Suite 3500
Seattle, WA 98104

Investor Inquiries
All inquiries can be directed 
as follows:
(425) 679-7200
ir@expedia.com

Corporate Headquarters 
333 108th Avenue N.E. 
Bellevue, WA 98004 
(425) 679-7200

This annual report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking

statements reflect the views of our management regarding expectations about future events and are based on then available information. Actual results

could differ materially. The use of words such as "anticipates," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans" and "believes," among others, generally identify

forward-looking statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These forward-looking statements are

inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Please carefully review and consider the various

disclosures made in our Annual Report on Form 10-K enclosed herein and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that

attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may impact future results.

The logos on the front cover are service marks or trademarks of Expedia, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies.

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2016