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F & M Bank Corp.

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FY2019 Annual Report · F & M Bank Corp.
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ANNUAL 
REPORT
2019

FMGOLOCAL

01                         WELCOME

AN INTRODUCTION BY F&M BANK PRESIDENT & CEO MARK HANNA
Dear Stockholder,

We are pleased to share our 2019 financial performance which includes earnings for the 
year of $4.613 million.  While our financial performance fell short of our lofty 
expectations, we accomplished several key strategic initiatives in the past year to 
position F&M for future success.  Those include significantly growing core deposits, 
reducing our non-performing assets, and enhancing deposit product technology.    

As you review our financial performance, it is important to note that our 2019  
earnings were negatively impacted by $7.4 million in additional loan loss pro- 
visioning related to disposing of problem credits and changes in the method- 
ology.  Additionally, the Bank incurred several non-recurring expenses related  
to dealer deferred cost amortization, pension costs and severance benefits.  

Despite a very challenging environment to grow core deposits to fund our  
asset growth, total deposits increased over $50 million for the year. And, while  
asset quality has negatively weighed on earnings, F&M made great progress  
in addressing our problem assets and reducing our non-performing 
assets 43% from $12.648 million (1.62%) at 12/31/18 to just $7.217 
million (0.89%) at 12/31/19. Additionally, 2019 saw F&M Mortgage 
and VS Title make significant contributions to our financial success as 
both organizations achieved significant growth and notable profitability.    

With our improving asset quality and the growth of core deposit 
relationships, we are excited about the opportunities that lie ahead. 
Going forward, we aim to grow and succeed as a dynamic, 
high-performing financial institution focused on serving the needs of 
the communities in the Shenandoah Valley.  

Mark C. Hanna
President & CEO

  GROWTH  02

EXPANSION AND DEPOSIT GROWTH

2019 was a year of deposit growth for F&M Bank.  Total deposits 
increased $50.4 million, fueled by the extremely competitive 1.79% 
APY Money Market special.  The promotion brought new deposits 
into branches thus giving F&M Bank associates the opportunity to 
cross-sell additional products and services. 

Deposits were also an area of focus for commercial lenders.  
The business development team re-committed to gaining deposit 
relationships while working through the loan process with new and 
existing clients.   

F&M Bank extended its presence in the Augusta County market, 
opening its 14th branch location in Stuarts Draft.  During the month 
of August, branch opening was promoted through four weeks of 
giveaways all leading up to a grand opening ceremony co-hosted by 
the Greater Augusta Regional Chamber of Commerce.

   FINANCIALS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS OF 2019

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2016       2017        2018        2019                 2016       2017        2018        2019                   2016       2017        2018        2019                                              
ROATCE 

             ROAA                                          NET INTEREST MARGIN                      

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DIVIDENDS 
DECLARED

F&M 
BANK CORP.

2016       2017        2018        2019                2016       2017        2018        2019                             
EFFICIENCY RATIO              PER SHARE DATA 
2018 includes reclass of subsidiary income

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
03  AGRICULTURAL

AND RURAL PROGRAMS
F&M Bank was founded in 1908 as a local venture to serve the financial needs of both farmers and 
merchants.  Going back to its roots, F&M Bank renewed its commitment to agriculture in 2019. 
The first step was hiring Paul Eberly, Senior Vice President and Agricultural & Rural Programs Leader.  
The Agricultural Division, consisting of Paul Eberly, Jordan Dean, Tom Campbell and Matt Hill, put 
boots on the ground and have been actively involved in the community making farm visits and 
attending agriculture-centered events. 

To assist with agriculture referrals, Paul Eberly established an agriculture community board.  
This group of knowledgeable, established industry professionals meet quarterly with the Division.

           PAUL EBERLY                                        MATT HILL                                     JORDAN DEAN                                TOM CAMPBELL

$27M+

THE BANK HAD STRONG GROWTH IN 
THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN 2019, 
WITH NEW LOANS ORIGINATED DIRECTLY 
TO FARMERS OR OTHER AGRICULTURAL 
ENTERPRISES TOTALING OVER $27M.

VOLUNTEERED DURING 
AGRICULTURE LITERACY 
WEEK READING BOOKS 
ABOUT THE INDUSTRY 
TO LOCAL ELEMENTARY 
STUDENTS IN 
ROCKINGHAM AND 
SHENANDOAH COUNTIES.

DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE 
SWEEP PROGRAM ALLOWING 
CUSTOMERS TO SWEEP FUNDS 
BETWEEN AN OPERATING 
ACCOUNT, LINE OF CREDIT AND 
INTEREST SAVINGS.

F&M’S GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINT ENCOMPASSES 
4 OF THE 5 TOP PRODUCING AGRICULTURAL 
MARKETS IN VIRGINIA.

05  COMMUNITY

OUR LOCAL PROMISE
One of F&M Bank’s core values is community – 
to make the communities we serve better.  In 2019, 
our dedication to community was illustrated through 
our commitment to education, philanthropy and 
volunteerism.  

One of the organization’s greatest wins during the 
year was being selected as the regionally exclusive 
Affinity Banking Partner of the James Madison 
University Alumni Association.  In addition to serving 
as the preferred financial institution, F&M Bank is an 
engaged and responsive Purple Partner, with active 
participation at various events on campus.  F&M Bank 
associates are excited to continue involvement with 
current students, alumni, and faculty and staff of JMU 
through special promotions, engagement 
opportunities, educational events and more.

F&M Bank continues to support the community 
through donations and sponsorships.  Through the 
F&M Bank Community Fund managed by area 
Community Foundations, F&M Bank distributed $30K 
in grants to various nonprofits.  The bank continues to 
sponsor and attend numerous nonprofit galas, little 
league teams and events, county fairs, community 
festivals and more.

33 AREA SENIOR CITIZENS ADOPTED IN DECEMBER FOR THE SANTA TO A SENIOR DRIVE.
2019 NAMED CORPORATE PHILANTHROPIST BY THE ASSOCIATION OF FUNDRAISING PROFESSIONALS SHENANDOAH CHAPTER.
44 COMMUNITY EVENTS SUPPORTED BY F&M BANK’S SOLAR POWERED MOBILE ATM SERVICE. 
$5,500 RAISED BY EMPLOYEES FOR AREA NONPROFITS THROUGH OUR “DRESS DOWN” FRIDAYS. 
39 LOCAL STUDENTS LEARNED ABOUT COMMUNITY BANKING AS PART OF BANK DAY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM INITIATIVE.
2019 PLATINUM SPONSORS OF THE HARRISONBURG-ROCKINGHAM GREAT COMMUNITY GIVE.

07  COMMERCIAL

BUILDING COMMERCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Building commercial relationships was a strategic goal for F&M Bank in 2019. 
Current employees Sarah Prusak and Mary Pavlovskaya transitioned to become 
the business deposit services team in an effort to increase commercial deposits.  
The marketing department worked alongside the business deposit services team 
to repackage and rebrand current treasury management tools and introduced the 
Business Solutions suite.

To boost awareness for locally owned businesses and to market to potential 
commercial customers, F&M Bank hosted its first “Local Business You Love” contest in 
August.  Residents in the bank’s market area were asked to nominate their favorite 
local businesses on social media to win a $10,000 grand prize.  The top 10 
businesses with the most nominations were then invited to a reception at the 
Capital Ale House in Harrisonburg to celebrate the winner announcement. 

From the 3,400 public nominations, three businesses emerged in close competition. 
In addition to the top prize award of $10,000, President Mark Hanna surprised 
guests with a $1,500 award for second place and a $1,000 award for third runner up.

1st Place - Pufferbellies Toys & Books, 568 votes
2nd Place - Overlook Farms & Produce LLC, 492 votes
3rd Place - Massanutten Produce LLC, 477 votes

LOCAL BUSINESS 
YOU LOVE CONTEST 
RECEIVED COVERAGE 
ON TV-3 NEWS, 
TV-3 SOCIAL MEDIA, 
AND NEWS RELEASE 
PUBLISHED IN THE 
DAILY NEWS RECORD 

942

BUSINESS NOMINATIONS 
RECEIVED FOR 1ST ROUND 
OF LOCAL BUSINESS YOU 
LOVE CONTEST.

FACEBOOK ADVERTISING FOR THE LOCAL 
BUSINESS YOU LOVE CONTEST REACHED 17,379 
PEOPLE, AND 3,227 PEOPLE ENGAGED WITH 
THE ADVERTISEMENT. 

2,475

BUSINESS VOTES RECEIVED FOR 
2ND ROUND OF LOCAL BUSINESS 
YOU LOVE CONTEST.

HOSTED THE LARGEST RECORDED 
ORGANIZED CORPORATE TAILGATE 
FOR COMMERCIAL CLIENTS IN JAMES 
MADISON UNIVERSITY HISTORY.

           SARAH PRUSAK                         MARY PAVLOVSKAYA               

  
  SOLUTIONS  10

A FOCUSED APPROACH ON INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS

F&M FINANCIAL SERVICES
The Wealth Management division 
experienced great success in 2019.  
Financial Advisors, Calan Jansen and 
Matt Robinson, were both ranked 
in the top 10% of Infinex Advisors 
nationwide. F&M Financial Services 
as a program is ranked 4th out of 33 
banks in the same asset class.   

Through partnership with Infinex 
Investments, Inc., Calan and Matt 
manage 2,700 investment accounts 
and guide clients through 
retirement planning, personal 
insurance and short-term financial 
goals to create a committed plan. 

DEALER FINANCE DIVISION
The Dealer Finance Division of F&M 
Bank continues to perform at a 
superior level year after year. 
In 2019, the division originated 
$59.6M from 4,019 loans, an 
increase of 238 Dealer Finance 
Division loans from 2018.

F&M MORTGAGE
The combination of low interest rates 
and a hot housing market led to a 
record year for the bank’s mortgage 
division.  In 2019, F&M Mortgage closed 
600 loans, generating $124M in loan 
volume compared to 465 loans and 
$91M in volume one year prior. 

The division also established a 
community advisory board consisting 
of well-known realtors, builders and 
developers serving the Shenandoah 
Valley.  This experienced team will be a 
valuable source of industry knowledge 
and referrals for F&M Mortgage in the 
2020 calendar year.  

VSTITLE
VSTitle experienced a year of growth in 
2019. Offering real estate settlement 
services and title insurance, the division 
increased total revenue 16% from one 
year prior.  The annual revenue goal for 
the year was $1.4M, but VSTitle finished 
the year at $1.5M.  Closed transactions 
also increased 11%, from 1,049 in 2018 
to 1,165 in 2019.  To help manage the 
significant increase in business, VSTitle 
added 6 experienced staff members to 
the team throughout the year.

INVESTMENT AND INSURANCE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE OFFERED 
THROUGH INFINEX INVESTMENTS, INC., MEMBER FINRA/SIPC. F&M 
FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. IS A NONBANK SUBSIDIARY OF F&M BANK. 
INFINEX IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH EITHER ENTITY.

11K SOCIAL MEDIA FOLLOWERS.
6th BY ROAE (AMONG VIRGINIA BANKS) ON THE AMERICAN BANKER’S TOP 200 PUBLICLY TRADED COMMUNITY BANKS LIST. 
#1 HELD THE TOP SPOT IN DEPOSIT SHARE IN THE HARRISONBURG-ROCKINGHAM COUNTY MARKET FOR A THIRD CONSECUTIVE YEAR.
2019 EDINBURG BRANCH RELOCATES TO STONEY CREEK BOULEVARD, ALLOWING CUSTOMERS A MORE SPACIOUS, CONTEMPORARY SETTING.
+30% NEW ORGANIC WEBSITE VISITORS FROM VIRGINIA INCREASED.  REPRESENTING AN INCREASE OF OVER 13,000 NEW WEBSITE VISITORS.
2019 CORPORATE OFFICE COMPLETES ITS REMODEL FOLLOWING THE TIMBERVILLE BRANCH MOVE, CREATING ADDITIONAL OFFICE AND MEETING SPACE.

11  MILESTONES

OVER 110 YEARS OF WORKING TOGETHER
Congratulations to Jean Estep on her retirement after 66 years of 
service.  Jean joined F&M Bank in 1953 as a teller and worked her way 
through the ranks. In 1973 she was promoted to Assistant Cashier, 
Assistant Vice President in 1975, Vice President in 1978, and in 2008 she 
transitioned into an operations role within the bank’s customer support 
center.

Chuck Foltz, Senior Operations Officer, retired after 37 years of service.
Betty Bryant, Senior Teller, retired after 15 years of service.
Cathy Lindamood, Branch Manager, retired after 14 years of service.
Victoria Young, Branch Specialist, retired after 13 years of service.
Vickie Shifflett, Teller, retired after 6 years of service.

5

JOHN MEYER
INFORMATION SECURITY 
OFFICER

5

CAROLLEE HINKLE
HEAD TELLER

5

SHAINA PRICE
NEW ACCOUNTS 
SPECIALIST

5

JESSICA FLETCHER
LENDER

5

CARROLL CONLEY
COURIER

35

CYNTHIA SHERMAN
SR. LOAN OPERATIONS 
OFFICER

15

JUDY GETZ
OPERATIONS SPECIALIST

25

FRANCES SHOWALTER
TELLER

15

JOYCE SHIFLET
OPERATIONS SPECIALIST

25

MIKE PUGH
DIRECTOR

15

DEAN WITHERS
DIRECTOR

10

AMANDA HENSLEY
NEW ACCOUNTS 
COORDINATOR

10

ROBERT SCOTT
COURIER

40

BRENDA SWARTZ
BRANCH MANAGER

40

KATHRYN SMITH
CUSTODIAN-BROADWAY

5

MATTHEW ROBINSON
INVESTMENT REP

5

LORI FLICK
LOAN PROCESSOR

5

MATTHEW BEAHM
COMMERCIAL 
RELATIONSHIP 
MANAGER

10

JASON TAYLOR
FACILITIES ASSISTANT

10

ROBIN LAYMAN
BRANCH SPECIALIST

10

TONJA PAINTER
OPERATIONS SPECIALIST

5

MARY GIRA
TELLER

13  OUR VALUES

MISSION, VISION & VALUES
At F&M Bank, we create value in every 
service we offer and product we sell.  
We apply sound banking principles to 
encourage our local economy and 
strengthen our relationships.  
From comprehensive personal and 
commercial banking to loan options for 
individuals and businesses, our team is 
committed to building brighter futures 
in the  community we call home.

OUR MISSION
F&M Bank will be a strong, independent financial 
organization committed to solid shareholder value, 
exceptional customer service, active community 
involvement and a fulfilling employee experience.

OUR VISION
Building our loyal customer base by developing lasting 
relationships in order to be the strongest bank in our 
communities.

OUR VALUES
Making the communities we serve better.
Providing flexible financial solutions.
Responding quickly to all requests and opportunities.
Bringing enthusiam and a positive attitude to our endeavors.
Adding fun into banking and our workplace!

HONEST BANKING 
ALLOWS FOR CAREFUL 
PLANNING 

OUR VALUES DRIVE US 
TO PROVIDE 
UNPARALLELED 
SERVICE

THE HEART OF 
F&M BANK IS 
OUR TEAM

CONFIDENT BANKING 
STARTS WITH SUPPORT 
AND TRUST

OUR BRAND IS 
ROOTED IN OUR 
COMMUNITY

  BOARDS 16

COMMUNITY BOARDS FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

AUGUSTA COUNTY
ANGELA V. WHITESELL
Esquire, Vellines, Glick & Whitesell, P.C.

CAROLYN BRAGG
Retired
Augusta County Board of Supervisors

GREG SEE
General Manager
Ironwood Country Club

JEFF SLAVEN
Owner, Cattleman’s Supply

LARRY HOWDYSHELL
Retired
Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative

RICHARD “DICKIE” BELL
Retired
VA 20th District House of Delegates

RICK WILLIAMS
President, R.G. Williams Insurance Agency,
Inc.  representing Rockingham Insurance

STEVE MCDONOUGH
Owner, McDonough Toyota

THOMAS WHITE
Vice President & CPA
White, Withers & Masencup

HARRISONBURG/ROCKINGHAM
ABBEY DOBES
Owner, Siren Song Marketing Group

AGRICULTURE
BETH BAZZLE
Owner, Mountain Valley Farm

ADAM SHIFFLETT
Co-owner, Brothers Craft Brewing

ANDY MYERS
General Manager, Dick Myers 
Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram

BRAYDON HOOVER
Director of Development & Annual Giving
Eastern Mennonite University

CHRISTIAN HERRICK
CEO, Randy’s Do It Best Hardware

HANNAH HUTMAN
Partner & Creditor/Debtor Rights Attorney
Hoover Penrod, PLC

LINDSAY KING
Marketing Lecturer
James Madison University

BYARD LUEBBEN
Owner, Edge, ITM

MORGAN SLAVEN
Public Affairs
Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative

NICK LANGRIDGE
Vice President, University Advancement
James Madison University

QUINTON CALLAHAN
Partner, Business Law & Litigation Attorney
Clark & Bradshaw, P.C.

RENEE WHITMORE
Realtor & Associate Broker
Old Dominion Realty

BUFF SHOWALTER
Vice President, Poultry Specialties Inc.
Beef & Poultry Farmer

DOUG BERRY
Accountant, Specializing in Income Tax 
Preparation; Owner/Operator, 
Wolf Run Farms, LLC

JARED BURNER
Vice President, Trio Farms, Inc.
Owner, Burner’s Beef LLC

JOHN BOWMAN
Realtor/Auctioneer

LARRY POWELL
Owner/Operator, L P Solutions, Beef Farmer

LEWIS HORST
Agriculture Community Board Member

RICK REEVES
Agriculture Community Board Member

WILLIAM MEYERHOEFFER
Dairy Nutritionist

MORTGAGE
BERNARD HAMANN
Owner, Realtor & CMCA
Rocktown Realty

GARY CRUMMETT
Owner, Gary Crummett & Sons, LLC

JILL MCGLAUGHLIN
President, Classic Kitchen & Bath

JM MONGER
Owner, R.S. Monger & Sons Inc.

JM SNELL
Executive Vice President, Valley Renovators, Inc.

NATALIE CAMPBELL
Real Estate Broker Associate
Old Dominion Realty

RONALD FLORES
Realtor, Funkhouser Real Estate Group

SCOTT WILLIAMS
Managing Partner
Crescent Development Group

17  OUR PEOPLE

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

DIRECTORS
MICHAEL PUGH
Board Chair, President, Old Dominion
Realty, Inc; VP, Colonial Appraisal 
Service, Inc

DEAN WITHERS
Vice Board Chair

LARRY CAPLINGER
Retired EVP, F&M Bank

RAY BURKHOLDER
Owner, Balzer & Associates, Inc.

JOHN CRIST
Partner, Hoover Penrod, PLC-Attorneys

DANIEL HARSHMAN
Manager, Town of Edinburg

RICHARD MYERS
President, Dick Myers Chrysler
Dodge Jeep Ram

OFFICERS
MARK HANNA
President & CEO

CARRIE COMER
EVP/Chief Financial Officer

STEPHANIE SHILLINGBURG
EVP/Chief Banking Officer

EDWARD STRUNK
EVP/Chief Credit Officer

BARTON BLACK
EVP/Chief Strategy & Risk Officer

JEFFREY LAM
SVP/Retail Loan Administrator

CYNTHIA SHERMAN
SVP/Loan Operations Manager

KEVIN RUSSELL
SVP/President F&M Mortgage

CHRISTOPHER RUNION
President, Eddie Edwards Signs, Inc.

GREG BERKSHIRE
SVP/Dealer Finance Manager

VICE PRESIDENTS
DEBORAH ANDES
SARA BERRY
JACQUELINE BURNER
KAY DEAN
SARA BERRY
KEITH DEEDS
CAROLYN DOVE
PAUL EBERLY
CHRIS GUNTER
TERESA HELMICK
JOHN MEYER
KITTY PURCELL
SEAN RYMAN
GREGORY SPITLER
NATALIE STRICKLER-ALT
HOLLY THORNE

ASST. VICE PRESIDENTS
BARBARA BARTLEY
MATTHEW BEAHM
LEIGH BLEVINS
DONNA BROWN
THOMAS CAMPBELL
JOSEPH ERICKSON
KATHY GRUBBS
RENEE HARTLESS
CALAN JANSEN
ANTHONY KEYSER
GLENNA LAWHORN
RYAN MAY
CHARLES NESLER
SARAH PRUSAK
MATTHEW ROBINSON
BRENDA SWARTZ

RONALD WAMPLER
Partner, Dove Ohio Farms, LLC and
WWTD Ohio Farms, LLC

PETER WRAY
Principal Broker, Triangle Realtors

ANNE KEELER
Vice President for Finance and Treasurer
Bridgewater College

J.T. BISHOP
SVP/Market Leader

MELODY EMSWILER
SVP/Director of HR

AARON GREEN
SVP/Market Leader

KATE PASCARELLA
SVP/Senior Credit Officer

KAREN ROSE
SVP/Deposit Operations

KRISTA SUTER
SVP/Senior Risk Officer

DALE SHOOP
President, VSTitle

BANK OFFICERS
MARY CAMPBELL
JOHN COFFMAN
JORDAN DEAN
KELSEY DEAN
SHARRIE HARRISON
DEBRA KOOGLER
ASHLEY LAM
JESSICA LUCE
ASHLEY MCCLURE
YVETTE MCCOY
DONNA O’BYRNE
ANGELA SMITH

LOCATIONS       

F&M BANK BRANCHES AND OFFICES

BRANCHES 

Bridgewater
100 Plaza Drive
540-828-6300

Broadway
126 Timber Way
540-896-7071

Craigsville
125 West Craig Street
540-997-4162

Edinburg
300 Stoney Creek Boulevard
540-984-4128

Elkton
127 West Rockingham Street
540-298-1251

Grottoes
200 Augusta Avenue
540-249-7237

Harrisonburg
80 Cross Keys Road
540-433-7575

2030 Legacy Lane
540-433-0112

Luray
700 East Main Street
540-743-1130

Staunton
2813 N. Augusta Street
540-213-8686

30 Gosnell Crossing
540-946-8160

Stuarts Draft
2782 Stuarts Draft Highway
540-609-2363

Timberville
165 New Market Road
540-896-1716

Woodstock
161 South Main Street
540-459-3707

        OFFICES   

                                     INVESTOR INFORMATION

Headquarters
205 South Main Street
Timberville, VA
540-896-8941
NMLS# 414464

F&M Mortgage
2040 Deyerle Avenue, Suite 207
Harrisonburg, VA
540-442-8583

19 Myers Corner Drive, Suite 105
Staunton, VA
540-446-8540

161 South Main Street
Woodstock, VA
540-459-3707

NMLS# 275173

Dealer Finance Division
4759 Spotswood Trail
Penn Laird, VA
540-437-3480

VS Title Agency
410 Neff Avenue
Harrisonburg, VA
540-434-8571

1707 Jefferson Highway
Fishersville, VA
540-213-0419

154 Hansen Road
Charlottesville, VA
434-202-4336

Transfer Agent for F&M Bank Corp. Stock (FMBM)
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions
P.O. Box 1342
Brentwood, NY 11717
P: 844-318-0135
F: 215-553-5402
E: shareholder@broadridge.com
W: http://shareholder.broadridge.com/FMBM

NMLS# 414464 / NMLS# 275173

WWW.FMBANKVA.COM

FARMERSAND
MERCHANTSBANK

FMBANKVA

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DOWNLOAD APP FROM 
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OR GOOGLE PLAY

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BANK-OF-VIRGINIA

 
 
 
UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D. C. 20549 
FORM 10-K 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE 
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
For fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 
Commission file number:  0-13273 
F & M BANK CORP. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Virginia 
(State or other jurisdiction of 
incorporation or organization) 

54-1280811 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 

P. O. Box 1111, Timberville, Virginia  22853 
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 
(540) 896-8941 
(Registrant’s telephone number including area code) 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class 

Trading Symbol(s) 

Name of each exchange on which 
registered 

None 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 
Common Stock - $5 Par value per share 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Sarbanes Act. Yes [ ]  No   [x] 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  [ ]   
No   [x] 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), 
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  [x]   No  [ ] 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that 
the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X]  No [ ]  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller 
reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

Large accelerated filer   ☐ 
Emerging growth company    ☐ 

    Accelerated filer     ☒   

Non-accelerated filer     ☐  Smaller reporting company     ☒  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes   [ ]   No   [x]  

The registrant’s Common Stock is quoted on the OTC Market’s OTCQX tier under the symbol FMBM. The aggregate market value 
of  the  2,823,448  shares  of  Common  Stock  of  the  registrant  issued  and  outstanding  held  by  non-affiliates  on  June  30,  2019  was 
approximately $79,621,228 based on the closing sales price of $28.20 per share on that date. For purposes of this calculation, the term 
“affiliate” refers to all directors and executive officers of the registrant. 

As of the close of business on March 11, 2020, there were 3,192,462 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: 

Part III:  Portions  of  the  Proxy  Statement  for  the  Annual  Meeting  of  Shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  2,  2020  (the  “Proxy 
Statement”). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 

PART I 

Page 

Item 1 

Business .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 

Item 1A  Risk Factors ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 

Item 1B  Unresolved Staff Comments…………………………………………………..……………………………16 

Item 2 

Properties………………………………………………………………………………………….………..16 

Item 3 

Legal Proceedings ............................................................................................................................................. 16 

Item 4  Mine Safety Disclosures ................................................................................................................................... 17 

PART II 

Item 5 

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of  
  Equity Securities……………….……………………………………………………………………...……17 

Item 6 

Selected Financial Data .................................................................................................................................... 19 

Item 7  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 

and Results of Operations ............................................................................................................................. 20 

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk .......................................................................... 42 

Item 8 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data…………….. ......................................................................... 43 

Item 9 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants 

on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ..................................................................................................... 98 

Item 9A  Controls and Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 98 

Item 9B  Other Information ............................................................................................................................................. 99 

PART III 

Item 10  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .............................................................................. 99 

Item 11 

Executive Compensation .................................................................................................................................. 99 

Item 12 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ...... 99 

Item 13  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ............................................... 99 

Item 14 

Principal Accounting Fees and Services .......................................................................................................... 99 

PART IV 

Item 15 

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules ....................................................................................................... 100 

Item 16 

Form 10-K Summary……………………………………………………………………………………...101 

Signatures .......................................................................................................................................................................... 102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I 

Item 1.  Business 

General 

F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company” or “we”), incorporated in Virginia in 1983, is a one bank holding company under 
the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 that has elected to become a financial holding company.  The Company owns 
100% of the outstanding stock of its banking subsidiary, Farmers & Merchants Bank (“Bank”) and a majority interest in 
VSTitle,  LLC  (“VST”).    TEB  Life  Insurance  Company  (“TEB”)  and  Farmers  &  Merchants  Financial  Services,  Inc. 
(“FMFS”) are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Bank. The Bank also holds a majority ownership in VBS Mortgage, LLC 
( “F&M Mortgage”). 

The Bank was chartered on April 15, 1908, as a state chartered bank under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  
TEB was incorporated on January 27, 1988, as a captive life insurance company under the laws of the State of Arizona.  
FMFS is a Virginia chartered corporation and was incorporated on February 25, 1993. F&M Mortgage was incorporated 
on May 11, 1999. The Bank purchased a majority interest in F&M Mortgage on November 3, 2008 and the Company 
purchased a majority interest in VST on January 1, 2017.  F&M Mortgage owns the remaining minority interest in VST. 

As a commercial bank, the Bank offers a wide range of banking services including commercial and individual demand 
and time deposit accounts, commercial and individual loans, internet and mobile banking, drive-in banking services, 
ATMs  at  all  branch  locations  and  several  off-site  locations,  as  well  as  a  courier  service  for  its  commercial  banking 
customers.  TEB was organized to re-insure credit life and accident and health insurance currently being sold by the Bank 
in  connection  with  its  lending  activities.    FMFS  was  organized  to  write  title  insurance  but  now  provides  brokerage 
services, commercial and personal lines of insurance to customers of the Bank. F&M Mortgage originates conventional 
and government sponsored mortgages through their offices in Harrisonburg, Woodstock and Fishersville.  VST provides 
title insurance and real estate settlement services through their offices in Harrisonburg, Fishersville and Charlottesville, 
Virginia.  

The Bank makes various types of commercial and consumer loans and has a large portfolio of residential mortgages and 
indirect auto lending. The local economy is relatively diverse with strong employment in the agricultural, manufacturing, 
service and governmental sectors. 

The Company’s and the Bank’s principal executive office is located at 205 South Main Street, Timberville, Virginia 
22853, and its phone number is (540) 896-8941. 

Filings with the SEC 

The Company files annual, quarterly and other reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These reports are posted and are available at no cost on the Company’s website, 
www.FMBankVA.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company files such documents with the SEC. The 
Company’s filings are also available through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.  

Employees 

On December 31, 2019, the Bank had 173 full-time and part-time employees, including executive officers, loan and 
other banking officers, branch personnel, operations personnel and other support personnel. None of the Company’s 
employees is represented by a union or covered under a collective bargaining agreement. Management of the Company 
considers their employee relations to be excellent. No one employee devotes full-time services to F & M Bank Corp. 

Competition 

The Bank's offices face strong competition from numerous other financial institutions.  These other institutions include 
large national and regional banks, other community banks, nationally chartered savings banks, credit unions, consumer 
finance companies, mortgage companies, loan production offices, marketplace lenders and other financial technology 
firms, mutual funds and life insurance companies. Competition for loans and deposits is affected by a variety of factors 
including interest rates, types of products offered, the number and location of branch offices, marketing strategies and 
the reputation of the Bank within the communities served. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued 

Regulation and Supervision 

General. The operations of the Company and the Bank are subject to federal and state statutes, which apply to bank 
holding companies, financial holding companies and state member banks of the Federal Reserve System. The common 
stock  of  the  Company  is  registered  pursuant  to  and  subject  to  the  periodic  reporting  requirements  of  the  Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).  These include, but are not limited to, the filing of annual, quarterly, and 
other current reports with the SEC. As an Exchange Act reporting company, the Company is directly affected by the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”).  The Company believes it is in compliance with SEC and other rules 
and  regulations  implemented  pursuant  to  Sarbanes-Oxley  and  intends  to  comply  with  any  applicable  rules  and 
regulations implemented in the future. 

The Company, as a bank holding company and a financial holding company, is subject to the provisions of the Bank 
Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "Act") and is supervised by the Board of Governors of the Federal 
Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”).  The Act requires the Company to secure the prior approval of the Federal 
Reserve Board before the Company acquires ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially 
all of the assets of any institution, including another bank.  

As a financial holding company, the Company is required to file with the Federal Reserve Board an annual report and 
such  additional  information  as  it  may  require  pursuant  to  the  Act.    The  Federal  Reserve  Board  may  also  conduct 
examinations of F & M Bank Corp. and any or all of its subsidiaries. Under the Act and the regulations of the Federal 
Reserve Board, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements 
in connection with an extension of credit, provision of credit, sale or lease of property or furnishing of services. 

The permitted activities of a bank holding company are limited to managing or controlling banks, furnishing 
services to or performing services for its subsidiaries, and engaging in other activities that the Federal Reserve 
Board determines by regulation or order to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to 
be a proper incident thereto. In addition, bank holding companies that qualify and elect to be financial holding 
companies, such as the Company, may engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the shares of a company 
engaged in any activity, that is either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity (as determined by 
the Federal Reserve Board in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury) or (ii) complementary to a financial 
activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial 
system generally (as solely determined by the Federal Reserve Board). Activities that are financial in nature include 
but are not limited to securities underwriting and dealing, insurance underwriting, and making merchant banking 
investments. Since 1994, the Company has entered into agreements with the Virginia Community Development 
Corporation to purchase equity positions in several Low-Income Housing Funds; these funds provide housing for low-
income individuals throughout Virginia.  Approval of the Federal Reserve Board is necessary to engage in certain of 
the activities described above or to acquire interests engaging in these activities. 

The Bank as a state member bank is supervised and regularly examined by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions 
and the Federal Reserve Board; such supervision and examination by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and 
the  Federal  Reserve  Board  is  intended  primarily  for  the  protection  of  depositors  and  not  the  stockholders  of  the 
Company. 

Payment of Dividends. The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. A significant portion 
of  the  revenues  of  the  Company  result  from  dividends  paid  to  it  by  the  Bank.  There  are  various  legal  limitations 
applicable to the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company. Under the current regulatory guidelines, prior 
approval from the Federal Reserve Board is required if cash dividends declared in any given year exceed net income 
for that year, plus retained net profits of the two preceding years. A bank also may not declare a dividend out of or in 
excess of its net undivided profits without regulatory approval.  The payment of dividends by the Bank or the Company 
may also be limited by other factors, such as requirements to maintain capital above regulatory guidelines. 

Bank  regulatory  agencies  have  the  authority  to  prohibit  the  Bank  or  the  Company  from  engaging  in  an  unsafe  or 
unsound practice in conducting their businesses. The payment of dividends, depending on the financial condition of 
the Bank, or the Company, could be deemed to constitute such an unsafe or unsound practice. Based on the Bank’s 
current financial condition, the Company does not expect that any of these laws will have any impact on its ability to 
obtain dividends from the Bank. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued 

Regulation and Supervision, continued 

The Company also is subject to regulatory restrictions on payment of dividends to its shareholders.  Regulators have 
indicated that bank holding companies should generally pay dividends only if the organization’s net income available 
to common shareholders over the past year has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of 
earnings  retention  appears  consistent  with  the  organization’s  capital  needs,  asset  quality,  and  overall  financial 
condition.    Further,  a  bank  holding  company  should  inform  and  consult  with  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  prior  to 
declaring a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period (e.g., quarter) for which the dividend is being paid or that 
could result in a material adverse change to the organization’s capital structure. 

Capital  Requirements.    Effective  January  1,  2015,  the  Federal  Reserve,  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Company 
(“FDIC”) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) adopted a new rule that substantially amended 
the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to us. The final rule implemented the "Basel III" regulatory capital 
reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (see definition below). The final rule includes new minimum 
risk-based capital and leverage ratios and refines the definition of what constitutes "capital" for purposes of calculating 
these ratios. The minimum capital requirements currently applicable to the Bank are: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 
("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; 
and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The final rule established a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the new 
regulatory minimum capital ratios, and when fully effective on January 1, 2019, results in the following minimum 
ratios: (a) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (b) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and 
(c) a total capital ratio of 10.5%.  An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share 
repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations will 
establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such activities. 

The CETI and Tier 1 leverage ratio of the Bank as of December 31, 2019, were 13.30% and 10.89%, respectively, 
which  are  significantly  above  the  minimum  requirements.  The  guidelines  also  provide  that  banking  organizations 
experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially 
above the minimum supervisory levels, without significant reliance on intangible assets. 

In December 2017, the Basel Committee published standards that it described as the finalization of the Basel III 
post-crisis regulatory reforms (the standards are commonly referred to as “Basel IV”). Among other things, these 
standards revise the Basel Committee’s standardized approach for credit risk (including by recalibrating risk weights 
and introducing new capital requirements for certain “unconditionally cancellable commitments,” such as unused 
credit card lines of credit) and provide a new standardized approach for operational risk capital. Under the proposed 
framework, these standards will generally be effective on January 1, 2022, with an aggregate output floor phasing-in 
through January 1, 2027. Under the current capital rules, operational risk capital requirements and a capital floor 
apply only to advanced approaches institutions, and not to the Company. The impact of Basel IV on the Company 
and the Bank will depend on the manner in which it is implemented by the federal bank regulatory agencies. 

As directed by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Economic Growth 
Act”),  the federal banking regulators in 2019 jointly issued a final rule that permits qualifying banks that have less 
than $10 billion in total consolidated assets to elect to be subject to a 9% “community bank leverage ratio.”  A 
qualifying bank that has chosen the proposed framework would not be required to calculate the existing risk-based 
and leverage capital requirements and would be considered to have met the capital ratio requirements to be “well 
capitalized” under prompt corrective action rules, provided it has a community bank leverage ratio greater than 9%.   

Pursuant to the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy 
Statement, qualifying bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion, such as the 
Company, are not subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued 

Regulation and Supervision, continued  

Source of Strength.  Federal Reserve policy has historically required bank holding companies to act as a source of 
financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. The Dodd-Frank Act codified this policy as a statutory 
requirement. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including 
at times when the Company may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by a 
bank holding company to any of its subsidiary banks are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain 
other indebtedness of such subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company's bankruptcy, any commitment 
by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be 
assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment. 

Safety and Soundness.  There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and 
their subsidiary banks by law and regulatory policy that are designed to minimize potential loss to the depositors of 
such depository institutions and the FDIC insurance fund in the event of a depository institution default. For example, 
under  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation  Improvement  Act  of  1991,  to  avoid  receivership  of  an  insured 
depository institution subsidiary, a bank holding company is required to guarantee the compliance of any subsidiary 
bank that may become "undercapitalized" with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with 
its appropriate federal bank regulatory agency up to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the institution's total 
assets at the time the institution became undercapitalized or (ii) the amount that is necessary (or would have been 
necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all applicable capital standards as of the time the institution 
fails  to  comply  with  such  capital  restoration  plan.    Under  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Act,  the  federal  bank 
regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards. These guidelines establish 
general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, 
credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines 
require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified 
in the guidelines. 

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”) allows a bank holding company or 
other company to certify status as a financial holding company, which will allow such company to engage in activities 
that are financial in nature, that are incidental to such activities, or are complementary to such activities. The GLB Act 
enumerates  certain  activities  that  are  deemed  financial  in  nature,  such  as  underwriting  insurance  or  acting  as  an 
insurance principal, agent or broker; dealing in or making markets in securities; and engaging in merchant banking 
under certain restrictions. It also authorizes the Federal Reserve to determine by regulation what other activities are 
financial in nature, or incidental or complementary thereto. 

USA Patriot Act of 2001. In October 2001, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks 
in New York, Pennsylvania and Northern Virginia which occurred on September 11, 2001. The Patriot Act is intended 
to  strengthen  U.S.  law  enforcements’  and  the  intelligence  communities’  abilities  to  work  cohesively  to  combat 
terrorism on a variety of fronts. The continuing and potential impact of the Patriot Act and related regulations and 
policies on financial institutions of all kinds is significant and wide ranging. The Patriot Act contains sweeping anti-
money laundering and financial transparency laws, and imposes various regulations, including standards for verifying 
client identification at account opening, and rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and 
law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering.  

Community Reinvestment Act.   The requirements of the Community Reinvestment Act are also applicable to the Bank. 
The act imposes on financial institutions an affirmative and ongoing obligation to meet the credit needs of their local 
communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of 
those institutions. A financial institution’s efforts in meeting community needs currently are evaluated as part of the 
examination process pursuant to twelve assessment factors. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, 
acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued 

Regulation and Supervision, continued  

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law on July 21, 
2010.  Its  wide-ranging  provisions  affect  all  federal  financial  regulatory  agencies  and  nearly  every  aspect  of  the 
American financial services industry. Among the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that directly impact the Company 
is the creation of an independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which has the ability to implement, 
examine and enforce complaints with federal consumer protection laws, which govern all financial institutions. For 
smaller financial institutions, such as the Company and the Bank, their primary regulators will continue to conduct its 
examination activities.  

The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions designed to reform mortgage lending, which includes the requirement of 
additional disclosures for consumer mortgages. In addition, the Federal Reserve has issued new rules that have the 
effect of limiting the fees charged to merchants for debit card transactions. The result of these rules will be to limit 
the amount of interchange fee income available explicitly to larger banks and indirectly to us. The Dodd-Frank Act 
also contains provisions that affect corporate governance and executive compensation.  

In May 2018, the Economic Growth Act was enacted to modify or remove certain regulatory financial reform rules 
and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. While the Economic Growth Act 
maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the 
regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Bank, and for 
large banks with assets of more than $50 billion.  

Among other matters, the Economic Growth Act expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held 
by a financial institution with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, exempts community banks from the 
Volcker Rule, and includes additional regulatory relief regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, 
mortgage disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans. 

Consumer Financial Protection.  The Bank is subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that 
extensively govern its relationship with its customers. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair 
Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the 
Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate 
Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act, laws 
governing flood insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business practices, foreclosure 
laws, and various regulations that implement some or all of the foregoing. These laws and regulations mandate 
certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers 
when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. If the Bank fails to comply with 
these laws and regulations, it may be subject to various penalties. Failure to comply with consumer protection 
requirements may also result in failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition 
transactions the Company may wish to pursue or being prohibited from engaging in such transactions even if 
approval is not required. 

Cybersecurity. The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards 
and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of a financial institution’s board of 
directors. These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and 
processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial products and 
services. The federal banking agencies expect financial institutions to establish lines of defense and ensure that their 
risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, and also expect 
financial institutions to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure rapid recovery, 
resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack. If the Bank fails to meet the 
expectations set forth in this regulatory guidance, it could be subject to various regulatory actions and any 
remediation efforts may require significant resources of the Bank. In addition, all federal and state bank regulatory 
agencies continue to increase focus on cybersecurity programs and risks as part of regular supervisory exams. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued  

Regulation and Supervision, continued  

Future Legislation and Regulation.  Congress may enact legislation from time to time that affects the regulation of 
the financial services industry, and state legislatures may enact legislation from time to time affecting the regulation 
of financial institutions chartered by or operating in those states. Federal and state regulatory agencies also 
periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are 
applied. The substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulation, or the application thereof, cannot be 
predicted, although enactment of the proposed legislation could impact the regulatory structure under which the 
Company and the Bank operate and may significantly increase costs, impede the efficiency of internal business 
processes, require an increase in regulatory capital, require modifications to business strategy, and limit the ability to 
pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies 
applicable to the Company or the Bank could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company and the Bank. 

Forward-Looking Statements 

Certain information contained in this report may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 
27A  of  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  and  Section  21E  of  the  Exchange  Act.    These  forward-looking 
statements are generally identified by phrases such as “we expect,” “we believe” or words of similar import. Such 
forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks including, but not limited to: 

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios, including adverse developments 
in borrower industries, declines in real estate values in our markets, or in the repayment ability of individual 
borrowers or issuers; 
The strength of the economy in our target market area, as well as general economic, market, or business 
conditions; 
An insufficient allowance for loan losses as a result of inaccurate assumptions; 
Our ability to maintain our “well-capitalized” regulatory status; 
Changes in the interest rates affecting our deposits and our loans; 
Changes in our competitive position, competitive actions by other financial institutions, financial technology 
forms and others and the competitive nature of the financial services industry and our ability to compete 
effectively in our banking markets; 
Our ability to manage growth; 
Our potential growth, including our entrance or expansion into new markets, the opportunities that may be 
presented to and pursued by us and the need for sufficient capital to support that growth; 
Our exposure to operational risk; 
Our ability to raise capital as needed by our business; 
Changes in laws, regulations and the policies of federal or state regulators and agencies; 
Other circumstances, many of which are beyond our control; and 
Other factors identified in “Risk Factors” below and in other reports the Company files with the SEC from 
time to time.  

Although we believe  that our  expectations with respect  to  the  forward-looking  statements  are based  upon  reliable 
assumptions within the bounds of our knowledge of our business and operations, there can be no assurance that our 
actual  results,  performance  or  achievements  will  not  differ  materially  from  any  future  results,  performance  or 
achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. 

Operating Revenue 

The following table displays components that contributed 15% or more of the Company’s total operating revenue for 
the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

Period 

Class of Service 

Percentage of Total Revenues 

December 31, 2019 

Interest and fees on loans held for investment 

December 31, 2018 

Interest and fees on loans held for investment 

73.75% 

78.26% 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1.  Business, continued 

Executive Officers of the Company  

Mark C. Hanna, 51, has served as President/CEO of the Bank since July 1, 2018.  Prior to that he served as President 
since December 2017.  Prior to joining the Company, he served as Executive Vice President and Tidewater Regional 
President of EVB and its successor, Sonabank from November 2014 through October 2017.  Previously, he served 
as President and Chief Executive Officer of Virginia Company Bank from November 2006 through November 2014.  

Carrie A. Comer, 50, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Bank and the Company 
since March 1, 2018.  Prior to that she served as Senior Vice President/Chief Financial Officer of the Company and 
Bank since June 2013. Ms. Comer served as Vice President/Controller of the Bank from March 2009 to June 2013. 
From December 2005 to March 2009, Ms. Comer served as Assistant Vice President/Controller of F&M Bank. 

Stephanie E. Shillingburg, 58, has served as Executive Vice President/Chief Banking Officer of the Bank and the 
Company since July 2016, Executive Vice President/Chief Retail Officer from June 2013 until July 2016 and Senior 
Vice President/Branch Administrator from February 2005 until June 2013. She also served as Vice President/Branch 
Administrator from March 2003 until February 2005 and as Branch Manager of the Edinburg Branch from February 
2001 until March 2003. 

Edward Strunk, 63, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of the Bank and the Company 
since March 1, 2018.  Prior to that he served as Senior Vice President/Senior Lending Officer since July 2006, Senior 
Vice President/Commercial Loan Administrator from May 2011 until July 2016, Vice President/Commercial Loan 
Administrator from February 2011 until May 2011 and Vice Present/Business Development Officer III from May 
2007 until February 2011.  

Barton E. Black, 49, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy & Risk Officer of the Bank and the 
Company since March 1, 2019.  Prior to joining the company, he served as Managing Director at Strategic Risk 
Associates, a financial services consulting company based in Virginia, from August 2012 through February 2019.   

Item 1A. Risk Factors 

Not required. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I, continued 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments 
None 

Item 2.  Properties 

The locations of F & M Bank Corp. and its subsidiaries are shown below. 

Corporate Offices                 205 South Main Street                           Timberville, VA 22853                                
Timberville Branch              165 New Market Road                           Timberville, VA 22853 
Elkton Branch                       127 West Rockingham Street               Elkton, VA 22827 
Broadway Branch                 126 Timberway                                      Broadway, VA  22815 
Bridgewater Branch             100 Plaza Drive                                      Bridgewater, VA  22812 
Edinburg Branch                  300 Stoney Creek Blvd.                        Edinburg, VA 22824 
Woodstock Branch               161 South Main Street                          Woodstock, VA 22664 
Crossroads Branch               80 Cross Keys Road                              Harrisonburg, VA 22801 
Coffman’s Corner Branch   2030 Legacy Lane                                 Harrisonburg, VA 22801 
Luray Branch                        700 East Main Street                            Luray, VA 22835 
Myers Corner Branch          30 Gosnell Crossing                              Staunton, VA 24401 
North Augusta Branch         2813 North Augusta Street                  Staunton, VA 22401 
Craigsville Branch                125 W. Craig Street                              Craigsville, VA 24430 
Grottoes Branch                    200 Augusta Avenue                            Grottoes, VA 24441 
Stuarts Draft                          2782 Stuarts Draft Highway               Stuarts Draft, VA 24477 
Dealer Finance Division       4759 Spotswood Trail                           Penn Laird, VA 22846 

F&M Mortgage offices are located at: 
Harrisonburg Office             2040 Deyerle Avenue, Suite 107          Harrisonburg, VA 22801 
Fishersville Office                 19 Myers Corner Drive, Suite 105       Staunton, VA 24401                              
Woodstock Office                 161 South Main Street                          Woodstock, VA 22664 

VSTitle offices are located at: 
Harrisonburg Office             410 Neff Avenue                                    Harrisonburg, VA 22801 
Fishersville Office                 1707 Jefferson Highway                       Fishersville, VA 22939                                                                       
Charlottesville Office            154 Hansen Rd., Suite 202-C              Charlottesville, VA 22911 

With the exception of the Luray Branch, Dealer Finance Division, and the North Augusta Branch, the remaining facilities 
are owned by Farmers & Merchants Bank. ATMs are available at all branch locations.  The Woodstock office of F&M 
Mortgage is leased from F&M Bank.  All offices of VST are leased.  

Through an agreement with FCTI, Inc., the Bank also operates cash only ATMs at three Food Lion grocery stores, one 
in Mt. Jackson, Virginia and two in Harrisonburg, Virginia.   

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings 
In the normal course of business, the Company may become involved in litigation arising from banking, financial, or 
other  activities  of  the  Company.  Management  after  consultation  with  legal  counsel,  does  not  anticipate  that  the 
ultimate liability, if any, arising out of these matters will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, 
operating results or liquidity. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures 

None. 

PART II 

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities 

Stock Listing 
The Company’s Common Stock is quoted under the symbol “FMBM” on the OTCQX Market. The bid and ask price is 
quoted at www.OTCMARKETS.com/Stock/FMBM/quote.  Any over-the-counter market quotations reflect iner-dealer 
prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.  With 
its inclusion on the OTCQX Markets, there are now several active market makers for FMBM stock.  

Transfer Agent and Registrar 
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions 
PO Box 1342 
Brentwood, NY 11717 

Stock Performance 
The following graph compares the cumulative total return to the shareholders of the Company for the last five fiscal years 
with the total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the SNL Bank Index, as reported by SNL Financial, LC, assuming an 
investment of $100 in the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2014, and the reinvestment of dividends. 

Total Return Performance

F & M Bank Corp.

Russell 2000 Index

SNL Bank Index

200

150

100

e
u
l
a
V
x
e
d
n

I

50
12/31/14

12/31/15

12/31/16

12/31/17

12/31/18

12/31/19

                                              Period Ending 

Index 
F & M Bank Corp. 
Russell 2000 Index 
SNL Bank Index 

12/31/14
100.00
100.00
100.00

12/31/15
120.47
95.59
101.71

12/31/16
142.79
115.95
128.51

12/31/17 
187.16 
132.94 
151.75 

12/31/18
175.50
118.30
126.12

12/31/19
175.67
148.49
170.79

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities, 
continued 

Dividends 

Dividends to common shareholders totaled $3,272 and $3,890 in 2019 and 2018, respectively.  In addition to regular dividends totaling 
$1.00 per share, a special dividend of $0.20 per share was paid in 2018 to mark the Bank’s 110th anniversary.  Preferred stock dividends 
were $315 and $413 in 2019 and 2018, respectively.   Regular quarterly dividends have been declared for at least 26 years. The payment of 
dividends depends on the earnings of the Company and its subsidiaries, the financial condition of the Company and other factors including 
capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, general economic conditions and shareholder returns. The ratio of dividends per common share 
to net income per common share was 77.27% in 2019 compared to 46.15% (including special dividend) in 2018.  

Refer to Payment of Dividends in Item 1.  Business, Regulation and Supervision section above for a summary of applicable restrictions on 
the Company’s ability to pay dividends.  

Stock Repurchases and Holders 

On October 20, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 150,000 shares of common stock. Shares 
repurchased through the end of 2019 totaled 131,528 shares; of this amount, 60,104 were repurchased in 2019 at an average price of 
$29.90 per share.  During the fourth quarter of 2019, 14,200 shares were repurchased on 11/8/19. 

The number of common shareholders was approximately 2,142 as of March 6, 2020. This amount includes all shareholders, whether titled 
individually or held by a brokerage firm or custodian in street name. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data 

Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data 

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data) 
Income Statement Data: 
Interest and Dividend Income 
Interest Expense 
Net Interest Income 
Provision for Loan Losses 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses 
Noninterest Income6 
Low income housing partnership losses 
Noninterest Expenses6 
Income before income taxes  
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp. 
Per Common Share Data: 
Net Income – basic 
Net Income - diluted 
Dividends Declared 
Book Value per Common Share 
Balance Sheet Data: 
Assets 
Loans Held for Investment 
Loans Held for Sale 
Securities 
Deposits 
Short-Term Debt 
Long-Term Debt 
Stockholders’ Equity 
Average Common Shares Outstanding – basic 
Average Common Shares Outstanding – diluted 
Financial Ratios: 
Return on Average Assets1 
Return on Average Equity1 
Net Interest Margin 
Efficiency Ratio 2 
Dividend Payout Ratio - Common 
Capital and Credit Quality Ratios: 
Average Equity to Average Assets1 
Allowance for Loan Losses to Loans3 
Nonperforming Loans to Total Assets4 
Nonperforming Assets to Total Assets5 
Net Charge-offs to Total Loans3 
1  Ratios are primarily based on daily average balances. 
2 

2019 

20187 

20177 

20166 

20156 

$       38,210    $      36,377 
           4,832 
           6,818 
31,545 
31,392 
           2,930 
           7,405 
28,615 
23,987 
8,770 
10,759 
(767) 
(839) 
         26,744 
         29,518 
9,874 
4,389 
           1,041 
(250) 
            (130) 
            (10) 
$         4,509    $         8,823 

$      33,719 
           3,897 
29,822 
                   - 
29,822 
8,517 
(625) 
         24,719 
12,995 
4,202 
            (31) 
$         8,762 

$      32,150 
           3,599 
28,551 
                   - 
28,551 
6,313 
(731) 
         21,272 
12,861 
           3,099 
            (194) 
$         9,568 

29,404 
2,876 
26,528 
              300 
26,228 
5,412 
(619) 
         19,554 
11,467 
           2,886 
            (164) 
$         8,417 

$           1.32    $           2.60 
           2.45 
           1.30   
1.20 
1.02 
26.68 
         27.11 

$           2.68 
           2.41 
.94 
25.65 

$           2.77 
           2.57 
.80 
24.18 

$           2.40 
           2.25 
.73 
22.38 

$     813,999    $    779,743 
638,799 
55,910 
21,844 
591,325 
40,116 
40,218 
91,401 
3,238 
3,596 

603,425 
66,798 
18,015 
641,709 
10,000 
53,201 
91,575 
3,189 
3,460 

$    752,894 
616,974 
39,775 
41,243 
569,177 
25,296 
49,733 
91,027 
3,270 
3,632 

$    744,889 
591,636 
62,735 
39,475 
537,085 
40,000 
64,237 
86,682 
3,282 
3,717 

$    665,357 
544,053 
57,806 
25,329 
494,670 
24,954 
48,161 
82,950 
3,291 
3,735 

          0.57% 
4.93% 
4.33% 
69.03% 
77.27% 

          1.15% 
9.67% 
4.65% 
66.04% 
46.15% 

          1.17% 
9.89% 
4.48% 
64.27% 
35.07% 

          1.34% 
11.18% 
4.34% 
60.78% 
28.88% 

          1.31% 
10.46% 
4.43% 
60.97% 
30.42% 

11.48% 
1.39% 
0.70% 
0.89% 
0.71% 

11.90% 
0.82% 
1.31% 
1.62% 
0.58% 

12.10% 
0.98% 
0.94% 
1.21% 
0.24% 

11.97% 
1.27% 
0.65% 
0.94% 
0.21% 

12.49% 
1.61% 
0.98% 
1.34% 
0.04% 

The Efficiency Ratio equals noninterest expenses divided by the sum of tax equivalent net interest income and   noninterest income.  
Noninterest income excludes gains (losses) on securities transactions and LIH Partnership losses.  Noninterest expense excludes 
amortization of intangibles.   

3  Calculated based on Loans Held for Investment, excludes Loans Held for Sale. 
4  Calculated based on 90 day past due and non-accrual to Total Assets.  
5  Calculated based on 90 day past due, non-accrual and OREO to Total Assets. 
6   Data for 2015 and 2016 does not reflect the reclassification of F&M Mortgage to report gross income/expense rather than net 
7 
The 2018 and 2017 financial information has been adjusted to reflect the correction of a prior periods error (see Note 3 to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements).

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands) 

The following discussion provides information about the major components of the results of operations and financial 
condition,  liquidity  and  capital  resources  of  F  &  M  Bank  Corp.  and  its  subsidiaries.  This  discussion  and  analysis 
should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, of this Form 10-K. 

Lending Activities 

Credit Policies  
The  principal  risk  associated  with  each  of  the  categories  of  loans  in  our  portfolio  is  the  creditworthiness  of  our 
borrowers. Within each category, such risk is increased or decreased, depending on prevailing economic conditions. 
In an effort to manage the risk, our loan policy gives loan amount approval limits to individual loan officers based on 
their position and level of experience and to our loan committees based on the size of the lending relationship. The 
risk associated with real estate and construction loans, commercial loans and consumer loans varies, based on market 
employment levels, consumer confidence, fluctuations in the value of real estate and other conditions that affect the 
ability of borrowers to repay indebtedness. The risk associated with real estate construction loans varies, based on the 
supply and demand for the type of real estate under construction.  

We have written policies and procedures to help manage credit risk. We have a loan review policy that includes regular 
portfolio reviews to establish loss exposure and to ascertain compliance with our loan policy.  

We  use  a  management  loan  committee  and  a  directors’  loan  committee  to  approve  loans.  The  management  loan 
committee is comprised of members of senior management, and the directors’ loan committee is comprised of any six 
directors.  Both  committees  approve new, renewed  and or  modified  loans  that  exceed officer  loan authorities.  The 
directors’ loan committee also reviews any changes to our lending policies, which are then approved by our board of 
directors.  

Construction and Development Lending 

We make construction loans, primarily residential, and land acquisition and development loans. The construction loans 
are secured by residential houses under construction and the underlying land for which the loan was obtained. The 
average life of a construction loan is approximately 12 months, and it is typically re-priced as the prime rate of interest 
changes.    Construction  lending  entails  significant  additional  risks,  compared  with  residential  mortgage  lending. 
Construction  loans  often  involve  larger  loan  balances  concentrated  with  single  borrowers  or  groups  of  related 
borrowers. Another risk involved in construction lending is attributable to the fact that loan funds are advanced upon 
the security of the land or home under construction, which value is estimated prior to the completion of construction. 
Thus, it is more difficult to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project and related loan-to-
value ratios. To mitigate the risks associated with construction lending, we generally limit loan amounts to 75% to 
90% of appraised value, in addition to analyzing the creditworthiness of our borrowers. We also obtain a first lien on 
the  property  as  security  for  our  construction  loans  and  typically  require  personal  guarantees  from  the  borrower’s 
principal owners.  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Commercial Real Estate Lending  

Commercial real estate loans are secured by various types of commercial real estate in our market area, including 
multi-family residential buildings, commercial buildings and offices, shopping centers and churches. Commercial real 
estate lending entails significant additional risks, compared with residential mortgage lending. Commercial real estate 
loans  typically  involve  larger  loan  balances  concentrated  with  single  borrowers  or  groups  of  related  borrowers. 
Additionally, the payment experience on loans secured by income producing properties is typically dependent on the 
successful operation  of  a business or  a  real  estate  project and  thus may be  subject,  to a  greater  extent,  to  adverse 
conditions in the real estate market or in the economy in general. Our commercial real estate loan underwriting criteria 
require an examination of debt service coverage ratios and the borrower’s creditworthiness, prior credit history and 
reputation. We also evaluate the location of the property securing the loan and typically require personal guarantees 
or endorsements of the borrower’s principal owners.  

Business Lending  

Business  loans  generally  have  a  higher  degree  of  risk  than  residential  mortgage  loans  but  have  higher  yields.  To 
manage these risks, we generally obtain appropriate collateral and personal guarantees from the borrower’s principal 
owners and monitor the financial condition of our business borrowers. Residential mortgage loans generally are made 
on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real 
estate whose value tends to be readily ascertainable. In contrast, business loans typically are made on the basis of the 
borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as 
real estate, accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of 
business loans is substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, the collateral for business 
loans may depreciate over time and generally cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate.  

Consumer Lending  

We  offer  various  consumer  loans,  including  personal  loans  and  lines  of  credit,  automobile  loans,  deposit  account 
loans, installment and demand loans, and home equity loans and lines of credit. Such loans are generally made to 
clients  with  whom  we  have  a  pre-existing  relationship.  We  currently  originate  all  of  our  consumer  loans  in  our 
geographic market area.  

The underwriting standards employed by us for consumer loans include a determination of the applicant’s payment 
history on other debts and an assessment of their ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed 
loan. The stability of the applicant’s monthly income may be determined by verification of gross monthly income 
from primary employment and additionally from any verifiable secondary income. Although creditworthiness of the 
applicant is of primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes an analysis of the value of the security 
in relation to the proposed loan amount. For home equity lines of credit and loans we require title insurance, hazard 
insurance and, if required, flood insurance.  

Residential Mortgage Lending  

The Bank makes residential mortgage loans for the purchase or refinance of existing loans with loan to value limits 
ranging between 80 and 90% depending on the age of the property, borrower’s income and credit worthiness. Loans 
that are retained in our portfolio generally carry adjustable rates that can change every three to five years, based on 
amortization periods of twenty to thirty years.  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Loans Held for Sale 

The Bank makes fixed rate mortgage loans with terms of typically fifteen or thirty years through its subsidiary F&M 
Mortgage.  These loans are funded by F&M Mortgage utilizing a line of credit at the Bank until sold to investors in 
the secondary market.  Similarly, the Bank also has a relationship with Northpointe Bank in Grand Rapids, MI whereby 
it purchases fixed rate conforming 1-4 family mortgage loans for short periods of time pending those loans being sold 
to investors in the secondary market.  These loans have an average duration of ten days to two weeks, but occasionally 
remain on the Bank’s books for up to 60 days.  The Bank began its relationship with Northpointe Bank in 2014 and 
had a similar program with a prior bank since 2003.  This relationship allows the Bank to achieve a higher rate of 
return than is available on other short term investment opportunities. 

Dealer Finance Division 

In  September  2012,  the  Bank  started  a  loan  production  office  in  Penn  Laird,  VA  which  specializes  in  providing 
automobile financing through a network of automobile dealers. The Dealer Finance Division was originally staffed 
with three officers that have extensive experience in Dealer Finance. Based on the strong growth of this division the 
staff has been increased to six employees.  This office is serving the automobile finance needs for customers of dealers 
throughout  the  existing  geographic  footprint  of  the  Bank.  Approximately  fifty  dealers  have  signed  contracts  to 
originate loans on behalf of the Bank.  As of year end 2019, the division had total loans outstanding of $78,976.  

Critical Accounting Policies  

General 

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America (“GAAP”). The financial information contained within the statements is, to a significant 
extent, financial information that is based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have 
already  occurred.  The  Company’s  financial  position  and  results  of  operations  are  affected  by  management’s 
application of accounting policies,  including  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments made  to  arrive  at  the  carrying 
value  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  amounts  reported  for  revenues,  expenses  and  related  disclosures.  Different 
assumptions  in  the  application  of  these  policies  could  result  in  material  changes  in  the  Company’s  consolidated 
financial position and/or results of operations. 

In  addition,  GAAP  itself  may  change  from  one  previously  acceptable  method  to  another  method.  Although  the 
economics of these transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact these transactions could 
change.  Following  is  a  summary  of  the  Company’s  significant  accounting  policies  that  are  highly  dependent  on 
estimates, assumptions and judgments. 

Allowance for Loan Losses  

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the losses that may be sustained in the loan portfolio. The allowance 
is based on two basic principles of accounting: (i) ASC 450 “Contingencies”, which requires that losses be accrued 
when they are probable of occurring and estimable and (ii) ASC 310, “Receivables”, which requires that losses be 
accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or values that are 
observable  in  the  secondary  market  and  the  loan  balance.    The  Company’s  allowance  for  loan  losses  is  the 
accumulation of various components that are calculated based on independent methodologies.  All components of the 
allowance represent an estimation performed pursuant to either ASC 450 or ASC 310.  Management’s estimate of 
each ASC 450 component is based on certain observable data that management believes are most reflective of the 
underlying  credit  losses  being  estimated.    This  evaluation  includes  credit  quality  trends;  collateral  values;  loan 
volumes; geographic, borrower and industry concentrations; seasoning of the dealer loan portfolio; the findings of 
internal credit quality assessments, results from external bank regulatory examinations and third-party loan reviewer.  
These  factors,  as  well  as  historical  losses  and  current  economic  and  business  conditions,  are  used  in  developing 
estimated loss factors used in the calculations. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), continued 

Allowance for Loan Losses, continued 

Allowances for loan losses are determined by applying estimated loss factors to the portfolio based on management’s 
evaluation and “risk grading” of the loan portfolio.  Specific allowances, if required are typically provided on all impaired 
loans in excess of a defined loan size threshold that are classified in the Substandard, Watch or Doubtful risk grades and 
on all troubled debt restructurings.  The specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s 
evaluation of the Company’s exposure for each credit, given the current payment status of the loan and the value of any 
underlying collateral. 

While  management  uses  the  best  information  available  to  establish  the  allowance  for  loan  and  lease  losses,  future 
adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in 
making  the  valuations  or,  if  required  by  regulators,  based  upon  information  available  to  them  at  the  time  of  their 
examinations.  Such adjustments to original estimates, as necessary, are made in the period in which these factors and 
other relevant considerations indicate that loss levels may vary from previous estimates. 

Fair Value 

The estimate of fair value involves the use of (1) quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets, (2) 
quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets 
that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques using significant assumptions that are observable in the 
market or (3) model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. When observable 
market  prices  and  parameters  are  not  fully  available,  management’s  judgment  is  necessary  to  arrive  at  fair  value 
including estimates of current market participant expectations of future cash flows, risk premiums, among other things. 
Additionally, significant judgment may be required to determine whether certain assets measured at fair value are 
classified within the fair value hierarchy as Level 2 or Level 3. The estimation process and the potential materiality of 
the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical. 

Pension Plan Accounting 

The accounting guidance for the measurement and recognition of obligations and expense related to pension plans 
generally  applies  the  concept  that  the  cost  of  benefits  provided  during  retirement  should  be  recognized  over  the 
employees’ active working life. Inherent in this concept is the requirement to use various actuarial assumptions to 
predict and measure costs and obligations many years prior to the settlement date. Major actuarial assumptions that 
require significant management judgment and have a material impact on the measurement of benefits expense and 
accumulated benefit obligation include discount rates, expected return on assets, mortality rates, and projected salary 
increases,  among  others.  Changes  in  assumptions  or  judgments  related  to  any  of  these  variables  could  result  in 
significant volatility in the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result, accounting for the 
Company’s  pension  expense  and  obligation  is  considered  a  significant  estimate.  The  estimation  process  and  the 
potential materiality of the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical. 

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) 

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded 
at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real 
estate  property  collateralizing  a  consumer  mortgage  loan  occurs  when  legal  title  is  obtained  upon  completion  of 
foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed 
in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance 
sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a 
valuation allowance is recorded through expense.  Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.  

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), continued 

Overview 

The Company’s net income for 2019 totaled $4,509 or $1.32 per common share (basic), a decrease of 49% from $8,823 
or $2.60 a share in 2018. Return on average equity decreased in 2019 to 4.93% versus 9.67% in 2018, and the return on 
average assets decreased from 1.15% in 2018 to .57% in 2019.  The Company’s net income per share (dilutive) totaled 
$1.30 in 2019, a decrease from $2.45 in 2018.  

Changes in Net Income per Common Share (Basic) 

Prior Year Net Income Per Common Share (Basic)

$                       2.60    $                 2.68

2019 
to 2018 

2018 
to 2017 

Change from differences in: 
Net interest income  
Provision for loan losses 
Noninterest income, excluding securities gains
Security gains (losses), net 
Noninterest expenses 
Income taxes 
Effect of preferred stock dividend
Change in average shares outstanding
Total Change 

Net Income Per Common Share (Basic) 

Net Interest Income 

(0.05) 
(1.40)  
0.56 

                .37
(0.90)
0 .03
                  0 .01
  (0.63)
(.87) 
 1.02
0.40 
                        -
                         0.03 
                  0 .02
                         0 .05 
                       (1.28) 
                 (0.08)  
$                        1.32   $                  2.60

The largest source of operating revenue for the Company is net interest income, which is calculated as the difference 
between the interest earned on earning assets and the interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities. Net interest 
income decreased 0.49% from 2018 to 2019 following an increase of 5.78% from 2017 to 2018.  The net interest margin 
is the net interest income expressed as a percentage of interest earning assets. Changes in the volume and mix of interest 
earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, along with their yields and rates, have a significant impact on the level of 
net interest income. Tax equivalent net interest income for 2019 was $31,466 representing a decrease of $160 or 0.51% 
over the prior year.  A 3.24% increase in 2018 versus 2017 resulted in total tax equivalent net interest income of $31,626. 

In  this  discussion  and  in  the  tabular  analysis  of  net  interest  income  performance,  entitled  “Consolidated  Average 
Balances, Yields and Rates,” the interest earned on tax exempt loans and investment securities has been adjusted to reflect 
the amount that would have been earned had these investments been subject to normal income taxation. This is referred 
to as tax equivalent net interest income.  For a reconciliation of tax equivalent net interest income to GAAP measures, 
see the following table.  

Tax  equivalent  income  on  earning  assets  increased  $1,826  in  2019  compared  to  2018.    Loans  held  for  investment, 
expressed as a percentage of total earning assets, decreased in 2019 to 87.41% as compared to 92.72% in 2018.  During 
2019, yields on earning assets decreased 3 basis points (BP), primarily due to changes in the earning asset categories, 
specifically  an  increase  in  loans  held  for  sale,  federal  funds  sold  and  interest  bearing  deposits,  while  loans  held  for 
investment decreased.  The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased 28BP in 2019, following an increase of 
19BP in 2018. The increase in 2019 is due to increased cost of deposits and growth in interest bearing deposits, as well 
as increased cost of borrowings from FHLB.    

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

 Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

The following table provides detail on the components of tax equivalent net interest income: 

GAAP Financial Measurements: 
(Dollars in thousands). 

         Interest Income – Loans 

Interest Income - Securities and Other Interest-Earnings Assets

         Interest Expense – Deposits 
         Interest Expense - Other Borrowings 
Total Net Interest Income 

Non-GAAP Financial Measurements: 

Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income – Loans

Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income 

Interest Income 

2019 

2018 

 $ 37,348    $  35,798 
       579 
3,425 
      1,407 
31,545 

862 
5,170 
      1,648 
31,392 

            74 
            74 
$  31,466 

            81 
            81 
$  31,626 

Tax equivalent interest income decreased $160 or 0.51% in 2019, after increasing 4.23% or $1,284 in 2018. Overall, the 
yield on earning assets decreased 0.03%, from 5.30% to 5.27%. Average loans held for investment declined during 2019, 
with average loans outstanding decreasing $2,318 to $635,110.  Average real estate loans decreased 4.17%, commercial 
loans decreased 1.62% and consumer installment loans increased 14.28% on average.  The increase in average consumer 
loans is a result of the growth in our Dealer Finance Division despite the fourth quarter sale of a portion of the dealer 
portfolio.  The decrease in tax equivalent net interest income is due primarily to the increase in deposit cost related to the 
8.30% growth in average interest bearing deposits. 

Interest Expense 

Interest expense increased $1,986 or 41.10% during 2019. The average cost of funds of 1.30% increased 28BP compared 
to 2018, which followed an increase of 19BP in 2018. Average interest bearing liabilities increased $47,683 or 10.02% 
in 2019.  Changes in the cost of funds attributable to rate and volume variances are in a following table. 

The analysis on the next page reveals a decrease in the net interest margin to 4.33% in 2019 from 4.60% in 2018, primarily 
due to changes in balance sheet mix during the year and rising costs of interest bearing  deposits and borrowings. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

 Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in thousands), 
Continued 

               Consolidated Average Balances, Yields and Rates1 

2019 

Balance 

Interest 

Rate 

Balance 

2018 
Interest 

Rate 

ASSETS 
Loans2 
     Commercial  
     Real estate  
     Consumer 

     Loans held for investment4 
     Loans held for sale   

Investment securities3 
     Fully taxable 
     Partially taxable 

$                    184,954$           10,145
17,810
329,825

5.19%
        5.21%
                        120,321                 7,614                6.33%                    105,288 _                7,115               6.77%

5.49% $                187,999 $               9,754
17,946
5.40%

          344,191

635,110
58,307

35,569
1,853

5.60%
3.18%

637,478
29,971

34,815
1,064

5.46%
3.48%

        3.34%
                               124                        3                2.42%                           124                          2              1.61%-

13,702

13,290

3.70%

457

492

     Total investment securities 

13,414

495

3.69%

13,826

459

3.32%

Interest bearing deposits in banks   
Federal funds sold 
     Total Earning Assets 

Allowance for loan losses 
Nonearning assets 
     Total Assets 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
Deposits 
     Demand –interest bearing 
     Savings  
     Time deposits 

2.05%
1.62%
33
1,610
                          18,145                    334
1.84%                        5,364                      105               1.96%
                        726,586               38,284                5.27%                    687,563                 36,458               5.30%

             924

15

(6,815)
                          77,100
$                      796,871

(6,416)
                     85,172
$                 766,319

          .17%
.74%
                        147,107                 2,418                1.64%                    161,635                   2,067               1.28%

.24% $                 87,079 $                   149
              1,209
162,718
1.22%

$89,823 $                 212
2,539
208,551

     Total interest bearing deposits   

445,581                5,170

1.16%

411,432

3,425

          .83%

Short-term debt 
Long-term debt 

1.87%
                          50,496                    960              1.90%                      40,210                      951               2.37%

27,684

24,336

2.49%

456

688

     Total interest bearing liabilities 

                        523,661                 6,818                1.30%                    475,978                   4,832               1.02%

Noninterest bearing deposits 
Other liabilities 

     Total liabilities 
Stockholders’ equity 

165,731
                          15,991

705,383
                          91,488

          161,860
                     37,267

675,105
                     91,214

     Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 

$                      796,871

$                 766,319

     Net interest earnings 

$            31,466

$              31,626

     Net yield on interest earning assets (NIM)   

               4.33%

               4.60%

Income and yields are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using the applicable federal income tax rate of 21%. 
Interest income on loans includes loan fees. 

1 
2 
3  Average balance information is reflective of historical cost and has not been adjusted for changes in market value. 
4 

Includes nonaccrual loans.  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

The following table illustrates the effect of changes in volumes and rates. 

2019 Compared to 2018 
Increase (Decrease) 

Due to Change 
in Average: 

Volume 

Rate 

Increase 
Or 
(Decrease) 

Interest income 
Loans held for investment  
Loans held for sale 
Investment securities 
Fully taxable 
Partially taxable 

Interest bearing deposits in banks 
Federal funds sold 
Total Interest Income 

Interest expense 
Deposits 
Demand - interest bearing   
Savings   
Time deposits 

Short-term debt 
Long-term debt 
Total Interest Expense 
Net Interest Income 

$               (129)    $           883  $                  754 
789

(217) 

1,006

(14)
-

49 
1 

35
1

11
                    251
                 1,125

7 
            (22) 
            701 

18
                     229
                  1,826

3
454
485

60 
876 
(134) 

63
1,330
351

63
                    244
                 1,249
$                (124)

169 
232
          (234) 
                       10
                  1,986
            737 
$           (36)  $                (160)

Note:  Volume changes have been determined by multiplying the prior years’ average rate by the change in average 
balances outstanding.  The rate change is determined by multiplying the current year average balance outstanding by the 
change in rate from the prior year to the current year.  

Noninterest Income 

Noninterest  income  continues  to  be  an  increasingly  important  factor  in  maintaining  and  growing  profitability. 
Management is conscious of the need to constantly review fee income and develop additional sources of complementary 
revenue.   

Noninterest income increased 23.95% or $1,917, in 2019.  Included in 2019 was a onetime gain on the sale of a portion 
of the dealer portfolio of $618. The 2019 increase, net of the gain on the dealer portfolio, is due to growth in the gross 
revenue of VST Title, F & M Financial services and F&M Mortgage and service charges on deposit accounts.  The losses 
on low income housing projects increased 9.39% in 2019 which is consistent with growth in the underlying investments.  

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Noninterest Expense 

Noninterest expenses increased from $26,744 in 2018 to $29,518 in 2019, a 10.37% increase.  Salary and benefits 
increased 4.99% to $17,151 in 2019.  This increase was the result of normal salary increases, pension settlement costs 
and severance packages expensed during the year.  Other real estate owned, net increased $548 due to an increased 
effort  to  dispose  of  properties.  Other  areas  of  increase  include  data  processing,  legal  and  professional  and  other 
operating expenses.   Total noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets totaled 3.70% and 3.49% in 2019 and 
2018, respectively.  Peer group averages (as reported in the most recent Uniform Bank Performance Report) were 2.81% 
for 2019 and 2018. 

Provision for Loan Losses 

Management evaluates the loan portfolio in light of national and local economic trends, changes in the nature and 
volume  of  the  portfolio  and  industry  standards.  Specific  factors  considered  by  management  in  determining  the 
adequacy of the level of the allowance for loan losses include internally generated and third-party loan review reports, 
past due reports and historical loan loss experience.  This review also considers concentrations of loans in terms of 
geography, business type and level of risk. Management evaluates nonperforming loans relative to their collateral 
value, when deemed collateral dependent, and makes the appropriate adjustments to the allowance for loan losses 
when needed. Based on the factors outlined above, the current year provision for loan losses totaled $7,405 compared 
to $2,930 for 2018. The current levels of the allowance for loan losses reflect increased net charge-off activity and 
other credit risk factors that the Company considers in assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.  During 
2019, management has made a tremendous effort to lower nonperforming loans, including through charge-off of loan 
balances  after  disposal.    As  a  result  nonperforming  loans  decreased  from  1.60%  of  loans  held  for  investment  at 
December 31, 2018 to 0.94% at December 31, 2019.  There has been an increase in substandard loans during 2019 
and  that  along  with  loan  review  results  have  increased  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  despite  the  improvements  in 
nonperforming loans.  Management will continue to monitor nonperforming, adversely classified and past due loans 
and  will  make  necessary  adjustments  to  specific  reserves  and  provision  for  loan  losses  should  conditions  change 
regarding collateral values or cash flow expectations. 

Net loan charge-offs were $4,255 in 2019 and $3,734 in 2018.  The increase reflects management’s efforts or reduce 
nonperforming loans throughout 2019.  Net charge-offs as a percentage of loans held for investment totaled 0.71% 
and 0.58% in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The construction and development charge-off percentage is the largest 
category at 0.38% of loans held for investment and dealer finance was 0.16%.  As stated in the most recently available 
Uniform Bank Performance Report (UPBR), peer group loss averages were 0.09% in 2019 and 0.08% in 2018.  The 
Bank anticipates losses will remain above peer due to the Dealer Finance Division, however losses in this segment 
have been in line with expectations and are closely monitored.  

Balance Sheet 

Total assets increased 4.39% during the year to $813,999, an increase of $34,256 from $779,743 in 2018.  Cash and 
cash equivalents increased $64,892, Net loans held for investment declined $38,524, Loans held for sale increased 
$10,888,  and  other  asset  categories  experienced  modest  fluctuations.  Average  earning  assets  increased  5.68%  to 
$726,586 at December 31, 2019. The increase in earning assets is due largely to the growth in the loans held for sale, 
which is the short-term loan participation program with Northpointe Bank and the growth in federal funds sold as a 
result of deposit growth.  Deposits grew $50,384 and other liabilities decreased $16,302 in 2019.  Average interest 
bearing deposits increased $34,149 for 2019 or 8.30%, with increases in interest-bearing demand accounts and savings 
while  time  deposits  declined.  The  Company  continues  to  utilize  its  assets  well,  with  91.18%  of  average  assets 
consisting of earning assets.   

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Investment Securities 

Total securities decreased $3,829 or 17.53% in 2019 to $18,015 at December 31, 2019 from $21,844 at December 31, 
2018.  Average balances in investment securities decreased 2.98% in 2019 to $13,414.  At year end, 1.85% of average 
earning assets of the Company were held as investment securities, all of which are unpledged.  Management strives to 
match the types and maturities of securities owned to balance projected liquidity needs, interest rate sensitivity and to 
maximize earnings through a portfolio bearing low credit risk.  Portfolio yields averaged 3.69% for 2019, up from 3.32% 
in 2018.   

There were no Other Than Temporary Impairments (OTTI) write-downs in 2019 or 2018.  There were no security 
gains or losses in 2019 or 2018. 

The composition of securities at December 31 was: 

(Dollars in thousands) 
Available for Sale1 
    U.S. Treasury and Agency    
    Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies2 
    Other debt securities 
Total 

Held to Maturity 
    U.S. Treasury and Agency 

Total 

Other Equity Investments 
Total Securities 

2019 

2018 

$                  1,989   
319 
                    2,058 
4,366 

$                     7,886 
403 
                             - 
8,289 

                       124 
124 

                             123 
123 

                  13,525 
                       13,432 
$                18,015    $                      21,844 

1 

2 

At estimated fair value.  See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for amortized cost.  
Issued by a U.S. Government Agency or secured by U.S. Government Agency collateral. 

Maturities and weighted average yields of securities at December 31, 2019 are presented in the table below. Amounts are 
shown by contractual maturity; expected maturities will differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. 
Maturities  of  other  investments  are  not  readily  determinable  due  to  the  nature  of  the  investment;  see  Note  5  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of these investments.  

(Dollars in thousands) 

Amount  Yield  Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

Less 
Than one Year 

One to 
Five Years

Five to 
Ten Years

Over 
Ten Years 
Amount  Yield 

Total

Yield

Debt Securities Available for 
Sale 

U.S. Treasury & Agency 
Mortgage-backed obligations of 
federal agencies 
Other debt securities 

Total 

$           - 
- 

             - 
$           -   

    $    1,989
- 

3.00% $           -
319 

2.49% 

$           - 
- 

      2,058
$    4,047

1.07%
            -
2.66% $       319

              - 
 2.49% $             - 

$1,989  
319 

3.00%
2.49% 

2,058
$4,366  

1.07%
   2.65%

Debt Securities Held to 
Maturity 

U.S. Treasury & Agency 
Total 

$       124 
$       124 

2.42% 
2.42% 

$   
$   

$           -
$           - 

$           - 
$           - 

$124   
$124   

2.42%
2.42% 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Analysis of Loan Portfolio 

The Company’s market area has a relatively stable economy which tends to be less cyclical than the national economy.  
Major industries in the market area include agricultural production and processing, higher education, retail sales, services 
and light manufacturing.     

The Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment totaled $603,425 at December 31, 2019 compared with $638,799 
at December 31, 2018.   Collateral required by the Company is determined on an individual basis depending on the 
purpose of the loan and the financial condition of the borrower. Real estate mortgages decreased $20,950 or 8.17%. 
Construction  loans  increased  $15,472  or  25.09%.    Commercial  loans,  including  agricultural  and  multifamily  loans, 
decreased 5.52% during 2019 to $198,467.  The Bank also has loan participation arrangements with several other banks 
within the region to aid in diversification of the loan portfolio geographically, by collateral type and by borrower.  

Consumer loans decreased $18,320 or 17.08% mainly due to the sale of a portion of the dealer finance division loans, 
resulting in a December 31, 2019 balance in this portfolio of $78,976.  A gain of $618 thousand was recognized on the 
sale.  Consumer loans include personal loans, auto loans and other loans to individuals.  Credit card balances decreased 
$62 to $3,122 but are a minor component of the loan portfolio. The following table presents the changes in the loan 
portfolio over the previous five years categorized in business segments, rather than regulatory call report as in footnote.  

(Dollars in thousands) 

2019 

2018 

December 31 
2017 

2016 

2015 

Real estate – mortgage 
Real estate – construction 
Consumer  
Commercial 
Agricultural 
Multi-family residential 
Credit cards 
Other 
Total Loans 

$      235,564    $      256,514 
61,659 
77,131 
107,248 
88,928 
179,476 
158,466 
20,917 
34,637 
9,665 
5,364 
3,184 
3,122 
                213 
                136 
$      603,425    $      638,799 

$     250,891 
71,620 
81,458 
182,360 
17,064 
10,298 
2,939 
                344 
$      616,974 

$     238,631 
76,172 
72,048 
178,392 
15,876 
7,605 
2,822 
                  90 
$      591,636 

$     232,321 
69,759 
62,239 
153,691 
15,672 
7,559 
2,745 
                67 
$      544,053 

The following table shows the Company’s loan maturity and interest rate sensitivity as of December 31, 2019: 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Commercial and 
agricultural loans 
Multi-family residential 
Real Estate – mortgage 
Real Estate – construction 
Consumer – dealer/credit cards/other 
Total 

Loans with predetermined rates 
Loans with variable or adjustable rates 
Total 

Less Than 
1 Year 

1-5 
Years 

Over 
5 Years 

Total 

 $            57,806    $           114,232    $             21,065 
- 
4,193 
10,325 
               15,981 

$193,103   
5,364 
61 
235,564 
77,592 
77,131 
45,465 
                 6,844 
               92,263 
$           187,768    $           364,093  $             51,564    $           603,425 

5,303 
153,779 
21,341 
               69,438 

$             25,484  $             84,873    $             33,203    $           143,560   
             162,284 
             459,865 
$           187,768    $           364,093    $             51,564    $           603,425   

             279,220 

               18,361 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Analysis of Loan Portfolio, continued 

Residential real estate loans are made for a period up to 30 years and are secured by a first deed of trust which normally 
does not exceed 90% of the appraised value.  If the loan to value ratio exceeds 90%, the Company requires additional 
collateral, guarantees or mortgage insurance.  On approximately 88% of the real estate loans, interest is adjustable after 
each one, three or five-year period. The remainder of the portfolio is comprised of fixed rate loans that are generally 
made for a fifteen-year or a twenty-year period with an interest rate adjustment after ten years. 

Fixed rate real estate loans have been partially funded with fixed rate borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, 
which allows the Company to control its interest rate risk.  In addition, the Company makes home equity loans secured 
by second deeds of trust with total indebtedness not to exceed 90% of the appraised value.  Home equity loans are made 
for three, five or ten year periods at a fixed rate or as a revolving line of credit. 

Construction loans may be made to individuals, who have arranged with a contractor for the construction of a residence, 
or to contractors that are involved in building pre-sold, spec-homes or subdivisions. The majority of commercial loans 
are  made  to  small  retail,  manufacturing  and  service  businesses.  Consumer  loans  are  made  for  a  variety  of  reasons; 
however, approximately 74% of the loans are secured by automobiles and trucks.   

Approximately 79% of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate; however, policies relating to appraisals and loan 
to value ratios are adequate to control the related risk. Market values continue to be stable with increases in sales prices, 
reduction in inventory and reduction in days on the market.  Unemployment rates in the Company’s market area continue 
to be below both the national and state averages. 

The Bank has not identified any loan categories that would be considered loan concentrations of greater than 25% of 
capital. While the Bank has not developed a formal policy limiting the concentration level of any particular loan type or 
industry segment, it has established target limits on both a nominal and percentage of capital basis. Concentrations are 
monitored  and  reported  to  the  board  of  directors  quarterly.  Concentration  levels  have  been  used  by  management  to 
determine how aggressively we may price or pursue new loan requests.  

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans 

Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due still accruing.  Nonaccrual loans 
are loans on which interest accruals have been suspended or discontinued permanently.  The Company would have 
earned approximately $531 in additional interest income in 2019 had the loans on nonaccrual status been current and 
performing.  Nonperforming loans totaled $5,729 at December 31, 2019 compared to $10,205 at December 31, 2018.  
At December 31, 2019, there were $722 of loans 90 days or more past due and accruing.  Nonperforming loans have 
decreased  approximately  $4,476  since  December  31,  2018.    Management  has  made  a  concerted  effort  to  reduce 
nonperforming loans during 2019, some of this is reflected in the growth in charge-offs during the year.  

Approximately 91% of these nonperforming loans are secured by real estate and were in the process of collection.   
The Bank believes that it is generally well secured or specific reserves have been established and continues to actively 
work with its customers to effect payment.  As of December 31, 2019, the Company holds $1,489 of real estate which 
was acquired through foreclosure. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans, continued 

The following is a summary of information pertaining to nonperforming loans: 

(Dollars in thousands) 

Nonaccrual Loans:  

    Real Estate  

    Commercial   

    Home Equity 

    Other 

Loans past due 90 days or more: 

     Real Estate 

    Commercial 

    Home Equity 

    Other 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

$    1,721    $   3,804   $   5,628   $   4,204

$   5,698

3,036

5,172 

-

250

619

-

15

269 

160 

726 

- 

63 

599 

451 

226 

143 

- 

- 

70

311

178

81

-

-

109

40

108

272

25

107

          88

          11 

          55 

        26

         67

Total Nonperforming loans

$    5,729    $  10,205   $   7,102   $   4,870

$   6,526

Restructured Loans current and performing:

Real Estate 

Commercial 

Home Equity 

Other 

3,644

1,223

716

167

     6,574  

     7,710  

     8,641

8,713

    1,249  

      -  

     1,121  

    1,463   

- 

205 

- 

78 

-

76

1,414

91

Nonperforming loans as a percentage of loans held for investment

.94%

1.60% 

1.15% 

.82%

1.20%

Net Charge Offs to Total Loans Held for Investment

.71%

.58% 

.24% 

.21%

.04%

Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans

146.47%

51.34% 

85.10%  154.89% 134.55%

Potential Problem Loans 

As of December 31, 2019, management is not aware of any potential problem loans which are not already classified for 
regulatory purposes or on the watch list as part of the Bank’s internal grading system. 

25 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses 

In evaluating the portfolio, loans are segregated into loans with identified potential losses, pools of loans by type, with 
separate weighting for past dues and adverse rated loans, and a general allowance based on a variety of criteria.  Loans 
with identified potential losses include examiner and bank classified loans. Classified relationships in excess of $500 
and loans identified as troubled debt restructurings are reviewed individually for impairment under ASC 310. A variety 
of factors are considered when reviewing these credits, including borrower cash flow, payment history, fair value of 
collateral, company management, industry and economic factors.  

A general allowance for inherent losses has been established to reflect other unidentified losses within the portfolio. 
The general allowance is calculated using nine qualitative factors identified in the 2006 Interagency Policy Statement 
on the allowance for loan losses.  The general allowance assists in managing recent changes in portfolio risk that may 
not be captured in individually impaired loans, or in the homogeneous pools based on loss histories. The Board reviews 
the allowance for loan loss calculation and approves the loan loss provision for each quarter based on this evaluation. 

The allowance for loan losses of $8,390 at December 31, 2019 is equal to 1.39% of total loans held for investment. 
This compares to an allowance of $5,240 or .82% of total loans at December 31, 2018. Nonaccrual loans at December 
31,  2019  totaled  $5,007  compared  to  $9,405  at  December  31,  2018;  however,  the  decline  in  nonaccrual  loans  is 
primarily attributable to one large commercial relationship of approximately $4.3 million as of December 31, 2018 
that was taken out of the bank during the third quarter 2019. Absent this one large relationship, nonaccrual loans at 
December 31, 2019 remained relatively consistent with December 31, 2018. In addition, classified loans (internally 
rated substandard or watch) increased significantly from a total of $23.0 million at December 31, 2018 to $38.5 million 
at December 31, 2019, or 67.47%. Recent external loan reviews have resulted in several downgrades in internal risk 
ratings,  policy  underwriting  exceptions  have  increased,  and  Management  has  become  more  aggressive  in  loan 
workouts  and charging off  loans. Enhancements  to  the  credit  culture  of  the  Company  that Management feels will 
greatly improve the Company’s ability to monitor and identify problem credits have been put in place. Past due and 
adversely risk rated loans that are not considered impaired have historically received higher allocation factors within 
the Company’s allowance for loan losses calculation. However, with the large increase in classified loans during the 
third quarter of 2019, Management increased the qualitative factors to reflect the risk of rising classified loans and 
underwriting  exceptions.  Also,  during  the  second  quarter  of  2019,  Management  changed  the  lookback  period  for 
calculating the allowance for loan losses from five years to two years as a shorter lookback period is considered more 
indicative of the risk remaining in the loan portfolio given the increased charge-offs experienced. 

 The change in the lookback period resulted in an increase of $1,098 in the allowance for loan losses from December 
31, 2018 and increases in qualitative factor adjustments described above regarding the level of underwriting exceptions 
and  classified  loans  resulted  in  a  $1,932  increase  in  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  from  December  31,  2018  to 
December 31, 2019. The level of specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses was approximately $1.8 
million  at December 31, 2019  and $1.6  million  at  December  31, 2018. As  a  result of management’s  analysis  and 
change  in  the  allowance  methodology  to  reduce  the  historical  lookback  period,  the  Company  recorded  a  $7,405 
provision for loan losses for 2019 compared to $2,930 for 2018. Management will continue to monitor nonperforming, 
adversely classified and past due loans and will make necessary adjustments to specific reserves and provision for 
loan losses should conditions change regarding collateral values or cash flow expectations.  

Loan losses, net of recoveries, totaled $4,255 in 2019 which is equivalent to .71% of total loans outstanding 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses, continued 

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses follows: 

(Dollars in thousands) 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

Balance at beginning of period 
Provision charged to expenses 
Loan losses: 
     Construction/land development 
     Farmland 
     Real Estate 
     Multi-family 
     Commercial Real Estate 
     Home Equity – closed end 
     Home Equity – open end 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non Real Estate 
     Consumer 
     Dealer Finance 
     Credit Cards 

Total loan losses 

Recoveries: 
     Construction/land development 
     Farmland 
     Real Estate 
     Multi-family 
     Commercial Real Estate 
     Home Equity – closed end 
     Home Equity – open end 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non Real Estate 
     Consumer 
     Dealer Finance 
     Credit Cards 

Total recoveries 

Net loan losses 
Balance at end of period 

Allowance for loan losses as a  
percentage of loans held for investment 

$        5,240    $        6,044 
2,930 

7,405 

$        7,543 
- 

$        8,781 
- 

$        8,725 
300 

2,319 
- 
32 
- 
677 
1 
126 
127 
116 
2,118 
             110 
          5,626 

489 
- 
99 
- 
1,546 
                 3 
               - 
573 
51 
          2,083 
               76 
          4,920 

122 
50 
- 
- 
12 
4 
- 
- 
1 
16 
4 
2 
                  8 
1 
91 
81 
41 
44 
861 
1,144 
               46 
               29 
          1,186 
          1,371 
        (3,734) 
        (4,255) 
$        8,390    $        5,240 

620 
- 
- 
- 
- 
                  7 
               26 
179 
136 
          1,806 
               98 
          2,872 

- 
- 
2 
- 
13 
25 
               53 
72 
28 
1,143 
               37 
          1,373 
        (1,499) 
$        6,044 

356 
- 
25 
- 
19 
               8 
             370 
293 
37 
          1,081 
               74 
          2,261 

7 
- 
4 
- 
135 
- 
             120 
267 
19 
417 
               54 
          1,023 
        (1,238) 
$        7,543 

156 
- 
25 
- 
- 
               26 
               51 
- 
32 
             251 
               60 
          601 

85 
- 
37 
- 
65 
6 
                  - 
62 
32 
24 
               46 
             357 
        (244) 
$        8,781 

1.39% 

.82% 

.98% 

1.27% 

1.61% 

Net loan losses to loans held for investment 

.71% 

.58% 

.24% 

.21% 

.04% 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item  7.    Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  (dollars  in 
thousands), Continued 

Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses, continued 

ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

Balance  Percentage 

Balance  Percentage 

Balance  Percentage 

Balance 

of Loans 
in Each 
Category 

of Loans 
in Each 
Category 

of Loans 
in Each 
Category 

Percentage 
of Loans 
in Each 
Category 

Balance  Percentage 

of Loans 
in Each 
Category 

$1,190  

14.18%  $  2,094 

39.97%  $  2,547 

42.14% 

$  3,381 

44.82%  $  4,442 

50.59% 

18.75% 

       292  

5.56% 

       719 

11.90% 

       843  

11.18% 

       806 

9.18% 

36.81% 

    633  

12.08% 

    863 

14.28% 

    1,348  

17.88% 

    1,666 

18.97% 

Allowance for 
loan losses:              
(dollars in 
thousands) 

Construction/Land 
Development 
Real Estate 

Commercial, 
Financial and 
Agricultural 
Dealer Finance 

Consumer 

1,573 

3,088 

1,786 

254 

21.28% 

1,974 

37.67% 

1,440 

23.83% 

1,289 

17.09% 

3.03% 

    108  

2.06% 

    200 

3.31% 

    136  

1.80% 

836 

223 

9.52% 

2.54% 

9.20% 

Home Equity 

       499 

5.95% 

       139 

2.66% 

       275 

4.55% 

       545 

7.22% 

      808 

Total 

$  8,390   

100.00%  $  5,240 

100.00%  $  6,044 

100.00% 

$  7,543 

100.00%  $  8,781 

100.00% 

Deposits and Borrowings 

The average deposit balances and average rates paid for 2019 and  2018 were as follows: 

Average Deposits and Rates Paid (Dollars in thousands) 

Noninterest-bearing 

Interest-bearing: 

Interest Checking 
Savings Accounts 
Time Deposits 

Total interest-bearing deposits 
Total deposits 

December 31, 

2019 

Average 
Balance 

Rate 

2018 

Average 
Balance 

Rate 

$      165,731   

$   161,860 

$      89,823   
208,551 
        147,107 
        445,481 
$      611,212 

.24% 
1.22% 
1.64% 
1.16% 
.85% 

$   87,079 
     162,718 
     161,635 
     411,432 
$   573,292 

 .17% 
   .74% 
1.28% 
   .83% 
.60% 

Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits, which are comprised of checking accounts, increased $3,871 or 2.39% 
from $161,860 at December 31, 2018 to $165,731 at December 31, 2019. Average interest-bearing deposits, which 
include interest checking accounts, money market accounts, regular savings accounts and time deposits, increased 
$34,049 or 8.28% from $411,432 at December 31, 2018 to $445,481 at December 31, 2019. Total average interest 
checking account balances increased $2,744 or 3.15% from $87,079 at December 31, 2018 to $89,823 at December 31, 
2019.   Total average savings account balances (including money market accounts) increased $45,833 or 28.17% from 
$162,718 at December 31, 2018 to $208,551 at December 31, 2019.  

Average time deposits decreased $14,528 or 8.99% from $161,635 at December 31, 2018 to $147,107 at December 31, 
2019.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Deposits and Borrowings, continued 

The maturity distribution of certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more is as follows: 

(Actual Dollars in thousands) 

Less than 3 months 
3 to 6 months 
6 to 12 months 
1 year to 5 years 

Total 

2019 

2018 

$    2,600     $    1,885 
    5,838 
9,262 
    34,667 

6,407 
11,867 
    24,971 

$  45,845  

$  51,652 

Non-deposit borrowings include federal funds purchased, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) borrowings, (both short 
term and long term), a note to purchase real estate and VST debt. Non-deposit borrowings are an important source of 
funding for the Bank.  These sources assist in managing short and long-term funding needs, often at rates that are more 
favorable than raising additional funds within the deposit portfolio.  

Borrowings from the FHLB are used to support the Bank’s lending program and allow the Bank to manage interest 
rate risk by laddering maturities and matching funding terms to the terms of various loan types in the loan portfolio. 
The  Company  borrowed  an  additional  $30,000  in  2019  and  had  no  additional  long-term  borrowings  in  2018.  
Repayment  of amortizing  and  fixed  maturity  loans  through FHLB  totaled $17,017 during 2019.    These  long-term 
loans carry an average rate of 1.82% at December 31, 2019.   

Contractual Obligations and Scheduled Payments (dollars in thousands) 

Less than 
One Year 

One Year Through  Three Years Through 

Three Years 

Five Years 

More than 
Five Years 

Total 

December 31, 2019 

Federal funds purchased 
FHLB Short term advances 
FHLB long term advances and other debt 

Total 

$                  - 
10,000 
14,433 

$                           -    $                                 -    $                       -    $              - 
10,000 
53,201 
$        24,433    $                 18,643  $                         8,875    $              11,250    $    63,201 

- 
11,250 

- 
18,643 

- 
8,875 

See Note 12 (Short Term Debt) and Note 13 (Long Term Debt) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion 
of the rates, terms, and conversion features on these advances.

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Stockholders’ Equity 

Total stockholders' equity increased $174 or 0.19% in 2019.  Capital was increased by net income totaling $4,509, net of 
noncontrolling interest of $130, issuance of common stock totaled $259, pension adjustment of $671 and unrealized gains 
on  available  for  sale  securities  of  $87.    Capital  was  reduced  by  common  and  preferred  dividends  totaling  $3,587, 
repurchases of common stock of $1,798, repurchase of preferred stock $42, minority interest distributions of $55.  As of 
December 31, 2019, book value per common share was $27.11 compared to $26.68 as of December 31, 2018. Dividends 
are paid to stockholders on a quarterly basis in uniform amounts unless unexpected fluctuations in net income indicate a 
change to this policy is needed.  

Banking regulators have established a uniform system to address the adequacy of capital for financial institutions.  The 
rules require minimum capital levels based on risk-adjusted assets.  Simply stated, the riskier an entity's investments, the 
more capital it is required to maintain.  The Bank is required to maintain these minimum capital levels.  Beginning in 
2015, the Bank implemented the Basel III capital requirements, which introduced the Common Equity Tier I ratio in 
addition to the two previous capital guidelines of Tier I capital (referred to as core capital) and Tier II capital (referred to 
as supplementary capital).  At December 31, 2019, the Bank had Common Equity Tier I capital of 13.30%, Tier I risked 
based capital of 13.30% and total risked based capital of 14.55% of risk weighted assets.  Regulatory minimums at this 
date were 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively.  The Bank has maintained capital levels far above the minimum requirements 
throughout the year.  In the unlikely event that such capital levels are not met, regulatory agencies are empowered to 
require the Bank to raise additional capital and/or reallocate present capital. 

In addition, the regulatory agencies have issued guidelines requiring the maintenance of a capital leverage ratio.  The 
leverage  ratio  is  computed  by  dividing  Tier  I  capital  by  average  total  assets.    The  regulators  have  established  a 
minimum of 4% for this ratio but can increase the minimum requirement based upon an institution's overall financial 
condition.  At December 31, 2019, the Bank reported a leverage ratio of 10.89%.  The Bank's leverage ratio was also 
substantially above the minimum.  The Bank also reported a capital conservation buffer of 6.55% at December 31, 
2019.  The capital conservation buffer is designed to strengthen an institution’s financial resilience during economic 
cycles.  Financial institutions are required to maintain a minimum buffer as required by the Basel III final rules in 
order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and other payments.  The capital conservations buffer was fully 
phased in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5%. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Market Risk Management 

Most of the Company’s net income is dependent on the Bank’s net interest income. Rapid changes in short-term interest 
rates may lead to volatility in net interest income resulting in additional interest rate risk to the extent that imbalances 
exist between the maturities or repricing of interest bearing liabilities and interest earning assets. The Company’s net 
interest margin decreased .27% in 2019 following an increase of .07% in 2018.  This decrease is due to decreases in 
interest rates as well as changes in balance sheet structure including a decrease in loans held for investment and substantial 
deposit growth which led to excess funds on hand.  In 2019, the Federal Open Market Committee elected to decrease the 
short-term rates target 100BP to 1.50 to 2.75%. 

Net interest income is also affected by changes in the mix of funding that supports earning assets. For example, higher 
levels of non-interest bearing demand deposits and leveraging earning assets by funding with stockholder’s equity would 
result in greater levels of net interest income than if most of the earning assets were funded with higher cost interest-
bearing liabilities, such as certificates of deposit and borrowings. 

Liquid  assets,  which  include  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  federal  funds  sold,  interest  bearing  deposits  and  short  term 
investments averaged $43,358 for 2019.  The Bank historically has had a stable core deposit base and, therefore, does 
not have to rely on volatile funding sources.  Because of growth in the core deposit base, liquid assets have grown over 
prior year.  While this helps liquidity, the higher priced deposits have had an effect on the net interest margin.  The Bank's 
membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank has historically provided liquidity as the Bank borrows money that is repaid 
over a five to ten-year period and uses the money to make fixed rate loans.  With excess funds provided by deposit 
growth, FHLB borrowings will continue to mature without replacement.  The matching of the long-term receivables and 
liabilities  helps  the  Bank  reduce  its  sensitivity  to  interest  rate  changes.  The  Company  reviews  its  interest  rate  gap 
periodically and makes adjustments as needed. There are no off-balance sheet items that will impair future liquidity.  

The following table depicts the Company’s interest rate sensitivity, as measured by the repricing of its interest sensitive 
assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019.  As the notes to the table indicate, the data was based in part on assumptions 
as  to  when  certain  assets  or  liabilities  would  mature  or  reprice.  The  analysis  indicates  an  asset  sensitive  one-year 
cumulative GAP position of 17.16% of total earning assets, compared to 11.39% in 2018. Approximately 43.42% of rate 
sensitive assets and 36.37% of rate sensitive liabilities are subject to repricing within one year. Short term assets (less 
than one year) decreased $54,061 during the year, while total earning assets increased $37,887. The increase is attributed 
to growth in federal fund sold due to deposit growth. Short term deposits increased $29,655 and short term borrowings 
decreased $22,701.   Increases are due to growth in core deposits primarily from a money market special and overall 
growth in deposits.  Short term borrowings decreased as advances matured and were not renewed.   

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II, Continued 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in 
thousands), Continued 

Market Risk Management, continued 

The  following  GAP  analysis  shows  the  time  frames  as  of  December  31,  2019,  in  which  the  Company’s  assets  and 
liabilities are subject to repricing: 

(Dollars in thousands) 
Rate Sensitive Assets: 
Loans held for investment 
Loans held for sale 
Federal funds sold 
Investment securities 
Credit cards 
Interest bearing bank deposits 

1-90 
Days 

91-365 
Days 

1-5 
Years 

Over 5 
Years 

Not 
Classified 

Total 

$  106,342   $     78,304   $     364,093    $    51,564     $               -     $      600,303   
66,798 
66,559 
4,490 
3,122 
             1,126 

- 
- 
4,047 
- 
                   - 

- 
- 
- 
- 
                  - 

- 
- 
- 
- 
                 - 

- 
- 
319 
- 
                - 

66,798 
66,559 
124 
3,122 
        1,126 

Total 

244,071 

78,304 

368,140 

51,883 

- 

742,398 

Rate Sensitive Liabilities: 
Interest bearing demand deposits 
Savings deposits 
Certificates of deposit 

Total Deposits 

Short-term debt 
Long-term debt 

Total 
Discrete Gap 

Cumulative Gap 
As a % of Earning Assets 

- 
- 
      12,357 

19,255 
89,249 
       49,719 

57,767 
128,621 
         77,086 

19,255 
19,685 
                - 

- 
- 
                  - 

96,277 
237,555 
         139,162 

12,357 

158,223 

263,474 

38,940 

- 

472,994 

10,000 
        6,107 

- 
         8,322 

- 
        27,522 

- 
      11,250 

- 
                  - 

10,000 
           53,201 

28,464 
215,607 

215,607 
29.04% 

166,545 
(88,241) 

127,366 
17.16% 

290,996 
77,144 

204,510 
27.55% 

50,190 
1,693 

206,203 
27.78% 

- 
- 

536,195 
206,203 

206,203 
27.78% 

 

In preparing the above table, no assumptions are made with respect to loan prepayments or deposit run off.  Loan 
principal  payments  are  included  in  the  earliest  period  in  which  the  loan  matures  or  can  be  repriced.  Principal 
payments  on  installment  loans  scheduled  prior  to  maturity  are  included  in  the  period  of  maturity  or  repricing. 
Proceeds  from  the  redemption  of  investments  and  deposits  are  included  in  the  period  of  maturity.  Estimated 
maturities on deposits which have no stated maturity dates were derived from regulatory guidance.  

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 

Assets 
Cash and due from banks  
Money market funds and interest bearing deposits in other banks
Federal funds sold 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Securities: 

Held to maturity, at amortized cost - fair value of $124 and $123 in 2019 and 
2018, respectively  
Available for sale, at fair value 
Other investments  

Loans held for sale 
Loans held for investment  

Less: allowance for loan losses  

Net loans held for investment

Other real estate owned, net  
Bank premises and equipment, net  
Interest receivable 
Goodwill  
Bank owned life insurance  
Other assets 

Total Assets 

Liabilities 
Deposits:  

Noninterest bearing 
Interest bearing 

Total deposits 

Short-term debt  
Accrued and other liabilities 
Long-term debt 

Total Liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies 

Stockholders’ Equity 
Preferred Stock $25 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 206,660 and 249,860 shares 
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

Common stock $5 par value, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,208,498 and 3,213,132
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

Additional paid in capital – common stock 
Retained earnings 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

Total Stockholders' Equity
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

33 

2019 

2018

$              8,119    $            9,522
               1,390
                       -
10,912

1,126
              66,559
75,804

124

123

4,366
13,525
66,798
603,425
             (8,390)
595,035

             8,289
13,432
55,910
638,799
     (5,240)
633,559

1,489
18,931
2,044
2,884
20,050
12,949

2,443
17,766
2,078
2,884
             19,464
             12,883
$          813,999    $          779,743

$          168,715    $          157,146
           434,179
            472,994
           591,325
            641,709

10,000
              17,514
              53,201
            722,424

40,116
             16,683
             40,218
           688,342

-

-

4,592

5,672

16,066
16,042
7,987
7,510
65,086
66,008
559
634
            (3,969)
             (3,211)
              91,575
             91,401
$          813,999    $          779,743

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Income (dollars in thousands, except per share data) 
For the years ended 2019 and 2018 

Interest and Dividend Income 
Interest and fees on loans held for investment
Interest from loans held for sale 
Interest from money market funds, federal funds sold and deposits in other banks
Interest from debt securities – taxable 
Total interest and dividend income 

Interest Expense 
Total interest on deposits 
Interest from short-term debt 
Interest from long-term debt 
Total interest expense 
Net Interest Income 

Provision for Loan Losses  
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses

Noninterest Income  
Service charges on deposit accounts 
Insurance, other commissions and mortgage banking, net
Other operating income 
Income from bank owned life insurance 
Low income housing partnership losses 
Total noninterest income 

Noninterest Expenses 
Salaries 
Employee benefits  
Occupancy expense 
Equipment expense 
FDIC insurance assessment 
Other real estate owned, net 
Director’s fees 
Data processing expense 
Advertising expense 
Legal and professional expense 
Bank Franchise tax 
Other operating expenses 
Total noninterest expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 
Net Income 

Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.

Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock
Net income available to common stockholders 

Per Common Share Data 
Net income - basic 
Net income - diluted 
Cash dividends on common stock 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

34 

2019 

2018 

$            35,495   

1,853
367
                   495
              38,210

$     34,734
1,064
120
                  459
             36,377

5,170
688
                   960
                6,818
              31,392

3,425
456
                  951
               4,832   
             31,545

                7,405
              23,987

               2,930
             28,615

1,691
5,211
3,256
601
                (839)
                9,920

1,496
4,505
2,242
           527
               (767)
              8,003

12,284
4,867
1,172
1,173
155
517
437
2,500
701
852
673
                4,187
              29,518

12,622
3,814
1,116
1,044
294
(31)
468
2,197
622
597
522
               3,479
             26,744

4,389

9,874

                (250)
4,639

               1,041
8,833

                (130)
                4,509

                 (10)
               8,823

                   (315)
                 (413)
$                 4,194    $                 8,410

$                1.32    $                2.60
$                1.30    $                2.45
$                1.02    $               1.20
3,238,177
3,596,017

3,189,288
3,460,234

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M BANK CORP. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (dollars in thousands) 
For the years ended 2019 and 2018 

Net Income  

Other comprehensive income: 
Pension plan adjustment 
Tax effect 
Pension plan adjustment, net of tax  

Unrealized holding gains (losses) 
     on available-for-sale securities 
Tax effect 
Unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax 

Years Ended December 31, 

2019 

2018 

$                   4,509    $                   8,823 

849 
(178) 
                        671 

313 
                       (66) 
                        247 

110 
                       (23) 
                          87 

(94) 
                          20 
                       (74) 

Total other comprehensive income 

                        758 

                        173 

Comprehensive income attributable to F&M Bank Corp. 

$                   5,267    $                   8,996 

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 

$                      130  $                        10 

Total comprehensive income 

$                   5,397    $                   9,006 

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (dollars in thousands, except share 
and per share data) 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 

Preferred 

Common 

Stock 

Stock 

Additional 
Paid in 
Capital 

Retained 

Noncontrolling  Comprehensive 

Earnings 

Interest 

Loss 

Total 

Accumulated 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

$      7,529 

$       16,275

$        10,225

$        60,566

$                   574 

$             (4,142)

$            91,027

 Net income  

Other comprehensive income 

Distributions to noncontrolling interest 

Dividends on preferred stock ($1.28 per share) 

Dividends on common stock ($1.20 per share) 

Common stock repurchased (49,446 shares) 

Common stock issued (7,542 shares) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(247)

38

(1,535)

228

8,823

-

-

(413)

(3,890)

-

-

10 

- 

(25) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

173

-

-

-

-

-

8,833

173

(25)

(413)

(3,890)

           (1,782)

266

Preferred stock repurchased (74,290 shares) 

      (1,857) 

                 -

           (931)

                   -

                         - 

                          -

            (2,788)

Balance, December 31, 2018 

$      5,672 

$       16,066

$        7,987

$        65,086

$                 559 

$           (3,969)

$            91,401

Net Income 

Other comprehensive income 

Distributions to noncontrolling interest 

Dividends on preferred stock ($1.28 per share) 

Dividends on common stock ($1.02 per share) 

Common stock repurchased (60,104 shares) 

Common stock issued (8,763 shares) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

-

-

-

-

(301)

44

Preferred stock converted to common (42,000 shares) 

(1,050) 

             233

-

-

-

-

-

(1,497)

215

817

4,509

-

-

(315)

(3,272)

-

-

-

130 

- 

(55) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

758

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,639

758

(55)

(315)

(3,272)

(1,798)

259

-

Preferred stock repurchased (1,200 shares) 

           (30) 

                 -

             (12)

                   -

                         - 

                          -

                 (42)

Balance, December 31, 2019 

$      4,592    $       16,042    $          7,510    $        66,008    $                   634    $             (3,211)    $            91.575   

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

36 

 
 
 
 
                                                                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (dollars in thousands) 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018  

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 
Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization 
Amortization of intangibles 
Amortization of securities 
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale originated 
Gain on sale of loans held for sale originated 
Loans held for sale originated 
Provision for loan losses 
(Benefit) expense for deferred taxes 
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable 
Decrease (increase) in other assets 
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities 
Amortization of limited partnership investments 

                Gain on sale of fixed assets 

Loss (gain) on sale and valuation adjustments of other real estate owned
Gain on sale of dealer loans 
Income from life insurance investment 
     Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 
     Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale 
     Purchases of securities available for sale and other investments 
     Net decrease (increase) in loans held for investment 
     Proceeds from sale of dealer loans 
     Net increase in loans held for sale participations 
     Net purchase of property and equipment 
     Purchase of bank owned life insurance 
     Purchase of title company 
     Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 
     Net change in deposits 
     Net change in short-term debt 
     Dividends paid in cash 
     Proceeds from long-term debt 
     Distributions to non-controlling interest 
     Proceeds from issuance of common stock 
     Repurchase of preferred stock 
     Repurchase of common stock 
     Repayments of long-term debt 

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities      

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year 

Supplemental Cash Flow information: 
     Cash paid for: 
Interest 
Income taxes 
Supplemental non-cash disclosures: 
     Transfers from loans to other real estate owned 
    Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net
    Minimum pension liability adjustment, net 
    Initial recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

37 

2019 

2018

$                     4,639    $           8,833

1,299 
74 
7 
128,102 
(2,944) 
(124,588) 
7,405 
(1,179) 
34 
                         784 
1,679 
                         839 
(13) 
                         452 
(618) 
                           (601) 
                    15,371 

8,256 
(5,163) 
5,680 
25,923 
(11,458) 
(2,380) 
- 
- 
                          635 
                    21,493 

50,384 
                 (30,116) 
(3,587) 
30,000 
(55) 
259 
(42) 
(1,798) 
                 (17,017) 
                     28,028 

1,137
66
2
94,129
(2,222)
       (91,806)
2,930
55
(71)
         (514)
(794)
767
(9)
(94)
-
              (527)
            11,882

21,897 
(3,361) 
(26,065) 
- 
(16,237) 
(3,000) 
(5,000) 
(75) 
                 141 
        ( 31,700)

22,149
14,820
(4,303)
-
(25)
266
(2,788)
(1,782)
           (9,514)
            18,823 

64,892 

(995)

                     10,912 

             11,907 

$                   75,804    $           10,912

$                     6,812    $             4,744 
1,957 
300 

133 
87 
671 
1,034 

506 
(74) 
247 
- 

 
 
                                                                                                                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 1 

NATURE OF OPERATIONS: 

F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company”), through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), operates under a 
charter issued by the Commonwealth of Virginia and provides commercial banking services.  As a state-chartered bank, 
the Bank is subject to regulation by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Bank.  The 
Bank  provides  services  to  customers  located  mainly  in  Rockingham,  Shenandoah,  Page  and  Augusta  Counties  in 
Virginia.  Services are provided at fourteen branch offices and a Dealer Finance Division loan production office.  The 
Company offers insurance, mortgage lending, title insurance and financial services through its subsidiaries, TEB Life 
Insurance, Inc., Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc, F&M Mortgage, LLC and VSTitle, LLC. 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: 

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to generally accepted accounting 
principles and to accepted practice within the banking industry.  The following is a summary of the more significant 
policies: 

Principles of Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of      Farmers  &  Merchants  Bank,  TEB  Life  Insurance 
Company, Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc., F&M Mortgage, LLC, (net of noncontrolling interest) and 
VSTitle, LLC. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. 

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements 
and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those 
estimates.  Material  estimates  that  are  particularly  susceptible  to  significant  change  in  the  near  term  relate  to  the 
determination of the allowance for loan losses, fair value, pension accounting and the valuation of foreclosed real estate. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, money market funds whose initial maturity is ninety days or less and 
Federal funds sold.  

Securities 

Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent 
and ability to hold them to maturity.  Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before 
maturity.  Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, the unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in 
other comprehensive income, net of tax.  Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in 
net income.  Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, in any, plus 
or  minus  changes  resulting  from  observable  price  changes  in  an  orderly  transaction  for  the  identical  or  a  similar 
investment.  

The  Company  follows  the  accounting  guidance  related  to  recognition  and  presentation  of  other-than-temporary 
impairment. The guidance specifies that if (a) an entity does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery 
and (b) it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would 
not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired, unless there is a credit loss. When criteria (a) and (b) are met, the 
entity will recognize the credit component of other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the 
remaining portion in other comprehensive income.  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Securities, continued 

For held-to-maturity debt securities, the amount of other-than-temporary impairment recorded in other comprehensive 
income for the noncredit portion of a previous other-than-temporary impairment  is amortized prospectively over the 
remaining life of the security on the basis of the timing of future estimated cash flows of the security. 

For available-for-sale securities, when the Company has decided to sell an impaired available-for-sale security and the 
Company does not expect the fair value of the security to fully recover before the expected time of sale, the security is 
deemed other-than-temporarily impaired in the period in which the decision to sell is made. The Company recognizes an 
impairment loss when the impairment is deemed other than temporary even if a decision to sell has not been made.  The 
Company had no other than temporary impairment in 2019 or 2018. 

Other Investments 

The Company periodically invests in low income housing partnerships whose primary benefit is the distribution of federal 
income tax credits to partners.  The Company recognizes these benefits and the cost of the investments over the life of 
the partnership.  In addition, state and federal historic rehabilitation credits are generated from some of the partnerships.  
Amortization of these investments is prorated based on the amount of benefits received in each year to the total estimated 
benefits over the life of the projects.   

Due to the nature and restrictions placed on the Company's investment in common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank 
of Atlanta ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, these securities are considered restricted and carried 
at cost. 

Income Taxes 

Income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income 
tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law 
to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the 
liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of 
the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are 
recognized in the period in which they occur. 

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax 
assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or 
sustained  upon  examination.  The  term  more  likely  than  not  means  a  likelihood  of  more  than  50  percent;  the  terms 
examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position 
that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of 
tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has 
full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-
than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is 
subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of 
evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.   

The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Loans Held for Investment 

The Company, through its banking subsidiary, provides mortgage, commercial, and consumer loans to customers. A 
substantial  portion  of  the  loan  portfolio  is  represented  by  mortgage  loans,  particularly  commercial  and  residential 
mortgages. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is largely dependent upon the real estate and 
general economic conditions in the Company’s market area.  

Loans  that  management  has  the  intent  and  ability  to  hold  for  the  foreseeable  future  or  until  maturity  or  pay-off, 
generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, and any 
unearned income.  Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.  The accrual of interest on loans is 
generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of 
collection.   Loans  are  typically  charged  off  when  the  loan  is  120  days  past  due,  unless  secured  and  in  process  of 
collection.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest 
is considered doubtful. 

The Company’s loans are grouped into eleven segments: construction/land development, farmland, real estate, multi-
family, commercial real estate, home equity – closed end, home equity – open end, commercial & industrial – non-
real  estate,  consumer,  credit  cards  and  dealer  finance.  Each  segment  is  subject  to  certain  risks  that  influence  the 
establishment  of  pricing,  loan  structures,  approval  requirements,  reserves,  and  ongoing  credit  management.    The 
Company does not segregate the portfolio further. 

Construction and land development loans are subject to general risks from changing commercial building and housing 
market trends and economic conditions that may impact demand for completed properties and the costs of completion.  
Completed  properties  that  do  not  sell  or  become  leased  within  originally  expected  timeframes  may  impact  the 
borrower’s ability to service the debt.  These risks are measured by market-area unemployment rates, bankruptcy rates, 
housing and commercial building market trends, and interest rates. Risks specific to the borrower are also evaluated, 
including  previous  repayment  history,  debt  service  ability,  and  current  and  projected  loan-to  value  ratios  for  the 
collateral. 

Farmland loans are loans secured by agricultural property.  These loans are subject to risks associated with the value 
of the underlying farmland and the cash flows of the borrower’s farming operations. 

Multifamily loans are loans secured by multi-unit residential property.  These loans are subject to risks associated with 
the value of the underlying property as well as the successful operation and management of the property. 

Real estate loans are for consumer residential real estate where the credit quality is subject to risks associated with the 
borrower’s  repayment  ability  and  collateral  value,  measured  generally  by  analyzing  local  unemployment  and 
bankruptcy trends, and local housing market trends and interest rates. Risks specific to a borrower are determined by 
previous repayment history, loan-to-value ratios, and debt-to-income ratios.  

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Loans Held for Investment, continued 

The commercial real estate segment includes loans secured by commercial real estate occupied by the owner/borrower, 
and  commercial  real  estate  leased  to  non-owners.  Loans  in  the  commercial  real  estate  segment  are  impacted  by 
economic  risks  from  changing  commercial  real  estate  markets,  rental  markets  for  commercial  buildings,  business 
bankruptcy rates, local unemployment rates and interest rate trends that would impact the businesses housed by the 
commercial real estate.   

The Company’s home-equity loan portfolios (closed end and open end) carry risks associated with the creditworthiness 
of  the  borrower  and  changes  in  loan-to-value  ratios.    The  Company  manages  these  risks  through  policies  and 
procedures  such  as  limiting  loan-to-value  at  origination,  experienced  underwriting,  and  requiring  standards  for 
appraisers. 

Commercial and industrial non-real estate loans are secured by collateral other than real estate or are unsecured. Credit 
risk for commercial non-real estate loans is subject to economic conditions, generally monitored by local business 
bankruptcy trends, interest rates, and borrower repayment ability and collateral value (if secured). 

Consumer non-real estate includes non-dealer financed automobile loans and other consumer loans. Certain consumer 
loans are unsecured, while collateral is obtained for automobile loans and other consumer loans. Credit risk stems 
primarily from the borrower’s ability to repay.  If the loan is secured, the Company analyzes loan-to-value ratios.  All 
consumer non-real estate loans are analyzed for debt-to-income ratios and previous credit history, as well as for general 
risks for the portfolio, including local unemployment rates, personal bankruptcy rates and interest rates. 

Credit  card  loan  portfolios  carry  risks  associated  with  the  creditworthiness  of  the  borrower  and  changes  in  the 
economic  environment.    The  Company  manages  these  risks  through  policies  and  procedures  such  as  experienced 
underwriting, maximum debt to income ratios, and minimum borrower credit scores. 

Dealer finance lending generally carries certain risks associated with the values of the collateral and borrower’s ability 
to repay the loan.  The Company focuses its dealer finance lending on used vehicles where substantial depreciation 
has already occurred thereby minimizing the risk of significant loss of collateral values in the future.  

Interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off is reversed against 
interest income.  The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying 
for  return  to  accrual  status.   Loans  are  returned  to  accrual  status  when  all  the  principal  and  interest  amounts 
contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. 

A loan is considered past due when a payment of principal or interest or both is due but not paid.  Management closely 
monitors past due loans in timeframes of 30-59 days, 60-89 days, and 90 or more days past due. 

These policies apply to all loan portfolio segments. 

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be 
unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the 
loan  agreement.  Factors  considered  by  management  in  determining  impairment  include  payment  status,  collateral 
value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Loans that experience 
insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines 
the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the 
circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the 
borrower's  prior  payment  record,  and  the  amount  of  the  shortfall  in  relation  to  the  principal  and  interest 
owed.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans by either the present 
value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, 
or  the  fair  value  of  the  collateral  if  the  loan  is  collateral  dependent.  Troubled  debt  restructurings  are  considered 
impaired loans. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Loans Held for Sale 

These loans consist of fixed rate loans made through the Company’s subsidiary, F&M Mortgage, and loans held for sale 
participations with Northpointe Bank, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 

F&M Mortgage originates conforming mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. These loans consist primarily of 
fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of the investors. F&M 
Mortgage enters into mortgage loan commitments whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding 
(rate lock commitments).  

The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and sale of the loan generally ranges from two to three 
weeks. F&M Mortgage protects itself from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts forward delivery 
contracts, by committing to sell a loan at the time the borrower commits to an interest rate with the intent that the 
buyer has assumed the interest rate risk on the loan.  As a result, the Company is not generally exposed to significant 
losses nor will it realize significant gains related to its rate lock commitments due to changes in interest rates.  The 
correlation between the rate lock commitments and the best efforts contracts is very high due to their similarity. The 
market value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts is not readily ascertainable with precision because 
rate  lock  commitments  and  best  efforts  contracts  are  not  actively  traded  in  stand-alone  markets.   F&M  Mortgage 
determines the fair value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts by measuring the change in the estimated 
value of the underlying assets while taking into consideration the probability that the loan will be funded. The fair 
value of rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts was considered immaterial at December 31, 2019 and 2018.  
These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and no interest is retained after the loans are sold. Because of the 
short holding period, these loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and no market adjustments were deemed 
necessary in 2019 or 2018. Gains on sales of loans and commission expense are recognized at the loan closing date 
and are included in insurance, other commissions and mortgage banking income, net on the Company’s consolidated 
income statement.  At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was $2,975 and $3,544, respectively, of these loans included 
in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.  

The  Bank  participates  in  a  Mortgage  Purchase  Program  with  Northpointe  Bank  (Northpointe),  a  Michigan  banking 
corporation. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, the Bank purchases participation interests in loans made 
by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage 
loan  originators  located  throughout  the  United  States.  A  takeout  commitment  is  in  place  at  the  time  the  loans  are 
purchased.  The Bank has participated in similar arrangements since 2003 as a higher yielding alternative to federal funds 
sold or investment securities.  These loans are short-term, residential real estate loans that have an average life in our 
portfolio of approximately two weeks. The Bank holds these loans during the period of time between loan closing and 
when the loan is paid off by the ultimate secondary market purchaser. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were 
$63,823 and $52,366 million of these loans included in loans held for sale on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. 

Troubled Debt Restructuring 

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial condition, management may grant 
a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt 
restructuring ("TDR").  Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to 
modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status.  These modified terms may 
include  rate  reductions,  principal  forgiveness,  payment  forbearance  and  other  actions  intended  to  minimize  the 
economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral.  In cases where borrowers are granted new 
terms  that  provide  for  a  reduction  of  either  interest  or  principal,  management  measures  any  impairment  on  the 
restructuring as noted above for impaired loans.  The Company has $5.75 million in loans classified as TDRs that are 
current and performing as of December 31, 2019, and $8.03 million as of December 31, 2018. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Allowance for Loan and Losses 

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan 
portfolio. A provision for estimated losses is charged to earnings to establish and maintain the allowance for loan 
losses at a level reflective of the estimated credit risk. When management determines that a loan balance or portion of 
a loan balance is not collectible, the loss is charged against the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited 
to the allowance. 

Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on an evaluation of the composition of the 
loan portfolio, the value and adequacy of collateral, current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, and 
other risk factors. Management evaluates the allowance each quarter through a methodology that estimates losses on 
individual impaired loans and evaluates the effect of numerous factors on the credit risk of each segment of loans. 

The Company’s allowance for loan losses has two basic components: the general allowance and the specific allowance.  
Each of these components is determined based upon estimates and judgments. The general allowance uses historical loss 
experience  as  an  indicator  of  future  losses,  along  with  various  qualitative  factors,  including  levels  and  trends  in 
delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charge-offs and recoveries, trends in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in 
underwriting standards, experience of lending staff, economic conditions, and portfolio concentrations.  

Except for credit card, all loans are assigned an internal risk rating based on certain credit quality indicators.  The period-
end balances for each loan segment are multiplied by the adjusted loss factor. Specific allowances are established for 
individually evaluated impaired loans based on the excess of the loan balance relative to the fair value of the collateral, 
if the loan is deemed collateral dependent.  

Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate. While management uses available information to 
recognize  losses  on  loans,  future  additions  to  the  allowance  may  be  necessary  based  on  changes  in  economic 
conditions, particularly those affecting real estate values. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their 
examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the 
Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the 
time of their examination. 

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) 

OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded 
at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real 
estate  property  collateralizing  a  consumer  mortgage  loan  occurs  when  legal  title  is  obtained  upon  completion  of 
foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed 
in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance 
sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a 
valuation allowance is recorded through expense.  Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.  

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2      SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED):  

Bank Premises and Equipment 

Land is carried at cost and bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation 
is charged to income over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a combination of the straight-line and accelerated 
methods.  The ranges of the useful lives of the premises and equipment are as follows: 

Premises and Improvements 
Furniture and Equipment 

10 - 40 years 
5 - 20 years 

Maintenance, repairs, and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions 
are reflected in other income or expense. 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets 

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets under ASC 805, “Business Combinations” and ASC 350, 
“Intangibles”, respectively. Goodwill is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair 
value-based test.  Additionally, acquired intangible assets are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be 
sold,  transferred,  licensed,  rented,  or  exchanged,  and  amortized  over  their  useful  lives.    The  Company  recorded 
goodwill and intangible assets in 2018 related to the purchase of VS Title which was valued by an independent third 
party.  The Company records as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets 
acquired.  Impairment  testing  is  performed  annually,  as  well  as  when  an  event  triggering  impairment  may  have 
occurred. The Company performs its annual analysis as of December 31 each fiscal year. Accounting guidance permits 
preliminary assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether a more substantial impairment testing is required. 
The Company chose to bypass the preliminary assessment and utilized a two-step process for impairment testing of 
goodwill.  The  first  step  tests  for  impairment,  while  the  second  step,  if  necessary,  measures  the  impairment.   No 
indicators of impairment were identified during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. 

Pension Plans 

The Bank has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers all full-time employees hired prior 
to April 1, 2012.  The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings.  The Company complies with ASC 
325-960  “Defined  Benefit  Pension  Plans”  which  requires  recognition  of  the  over-funded  or  under-funded  status  of 
pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. Under ASC 325-960, gains and losses, prior service 
costs and credits, and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through net periodic benefit 
cost will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a 
component of net periodic cost.   

Advertising Costs 

The Company follows the policy of charging the cost of advertising to expense as incurred. Total advertising costs 
included in other operating expenses for 2019 and 2018 were $701 and $622, respectively. 

Bank Owned Life Insurance 

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at 
the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender 
value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2   SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Transfers of Financial Assets 

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control 
over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put 
presumptively  beyond  reach  of  the  transferor  and  its  creditors,  even  in  bankruptcy  or  other  receivership,  (2)  the 
transferee  obtains  the  right  (free  of  conditions  that  constrain  it  from  taking  advantage  of  that  right)  to  pledge  or 
exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets 
through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return 
specific assets. 

Comprehensive Income 

Comprehensive income is shown in a two-statement approach, the first statement presents total net income and its 
components followed by a second statement that presents all the components of other comprehensive income such as 
unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and changes in the funded status of a defined benefit pension 
plan. 

Derivative Financial Instruments  

Under ASC 815, the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a fair value hedging instrument, as well as 
the offsetting gain or loss on the hedging item attributable to the risk being hedged, is recognized currently in earnings 
in the same accounting period.  The effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative designated and qualifying as a 
cash  flow  hedging  instrument  is  initially  reported  as  a  component  of other  comprehensive  income  and  subsequently 
reclassified  into  earnings  in  the  same  period  or  periods  during  which  the  hedged  transaction  affects  earnings.    The 
ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings. 

Interest rate derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting treatment only if they are designated as a hedge 
and are expected to be, and are, effective in substantially reducing interest rate risk arising from the assets and liabilities 
identified as exposing the Company to risk.  Those derivative financial instruments that do not meet the hedging criteria 
discussed below would be classified as trading activities and would be recorded at fair value with changes in fair value 
recorded in income.  Derivative hedge contracts must meet specific effectiveness tests.  Changes in fair value of the 
derivative financial instruments must be effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedging items due to the 
designated hedge risk during the term of the hedge.  Further, if the underlying financial instrument differs from the hedged 
asset or liability, there must be a clear economic relationship between the prices of the two financial instruments.  If 
periodic assessment indicates derivatives no longer provide an effective hedge, the derivatives contracts would be closed 
out and settled or classified as a trading activity. 

Loss Contingencies 

Loss  contingencies,  including  claims  and  legal  actions  arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  are  recorded  as 
liabilities  when  the  likelihood  of  loss  is  probable,  and  an  amount  or  range  of  loss  can  be  reasonably  estimated. 
Management does not believe there are any such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial 
statements. 

Fair Value Measurements 

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more 
fully disclosed in a separate note.  Fair value estimates involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment 
regarding  interest  rates,  credit  risk,  prepayments,  and  other  factors,  especially  in  the  absence  of  broad  markets  of 
particular items.  Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.  

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Reclassifications 

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior years’ financial statements to conform to classifications used in the 
current year.  These reclassifications had no impact on net income or earnings per share.  

Earnings per Share 
Accounting  guidance  specifies  the  computation,  presentation  and  disclosure  requirements  for  earnings  per  share 
(“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible 
securities  or  contingent  stock  agreements  if  those  securities  trade  in  a  public  market.  Basic  EPS  is  computed  by 
dividing  net  income  available  to  common  stockholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares 
outstanding.  Diluted  EPS  is  similar  to  the  computation  of  basic  EPS  except  that  the  denominator  is  increased  to 
include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had 
been issued.  The dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock is reflected in the diluted earnings per common share 
calculation. 

Net income available to common stockholders represents consolidated net income adjusted for preferred dividends 
declared.  

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to net income available to common stockholders for the 
periods presented: 

 Dollars in thousands 
Earnings Available to Common Stockholders: 

Net Income 

Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock 

Net Income Available to Common Stockholders 

For the year ended 

December 31, 2019  December 31, 2018 

$                        4,639  $                    8,833

                         (130) 

                         (10)

                         (315) 

                       (413)

$                        4,194  $                    8,410

The following table shows the effect of dilutive preferred stock conversion on the Company's earnings per share for 
the periods indicated:  

For the year ended 

December 31, 2019 

December 31, 2018 

Net Income 
Available to 
Common 
Stockholders 

Weighted 
Average 
Shares 

Per 
Share 
Amounts 

Net Income 
Available to 
Common 
Stockholders 

Weighted 
Average 
Shares 

Per 
Share 
Amounts 

 Dollars in thousands 

Basic EPS 

$           4,194    3,189,288

$      1.32    $          8,410 

3,238,177

$    2.60

Effect of Dilutive Securities:

     Convertible Preferred Stock 

315

270,946

(.02)

               413 

   357,840

    (0.15) 

Diluted EPS 

$           4,509    3,460,234

$      1.30    $           8,823  

 3,596,017

$    2.45

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

During  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2016-13,  “Financial  Instruments  –  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326): 
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”  The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require 
the  measurement  of  all  expected  credit  losses  for  financial  assets  held  at  the  reporting  date  based  on  historical 
experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations 
will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation 
techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full 
amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale 
debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for 
SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019.  All other 
entities will be required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after 
December 15, 2022.  The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated 
financial statements and is in the set up stage with expectations of running parallel for all of 2020 and all data has 
been archived under the current model.   

During  January  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2017-04,  “Intangibles  –  Goodwill  and  Other  (Topic  350): 
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to 
test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill 
impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that 
goodwill.  Instead,  under  the  amendments  in  this  ASU,  an  entity  should  perform  its  annual,  or  interim,  goodwill 
impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option 
to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. 
Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments 
in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early 
adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. 
The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial 
statements. 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—
Changes  to  the  Disclosure  Requirements  for  Fair  Value  Measurement.”    The  amendments  modify  the  disclosure 
requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted 
average  of  significant  unobservable  inputs  used  to  develop  Level  3  fair  value  measurements  and  the  narrative 
description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. 
The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those 
fiscal years.  Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. 
Early adoption is permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact 
on its consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—
General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit 
Plans.”  These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or 
other  postretirement  plans.  Certain  disclosure  requirements  have  been  deleted  while  the  following  disclosure 
requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans 
with promised  interest  crediting rates  and  an  explanation of  the reasons for  significant gains  and  losses  related  to 
changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 
715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The 
projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the 
accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The 
amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company 
does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued 

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—
Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.”  This ASU clarifies and 
improves areas of guidance related to the recently issued standards on credit losses, hedging, and recognition and 
measurement including improvements resulting from various TRG Meetings.  The amendments are effective for fiscal 
years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.    
The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-04 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

In  May  2019,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2019-05,  “Financial  Instruments—Credit  Losses  (Topic  326):  Targeted 
Transition Relief.”  The amendments in this ASU provide entities that have certain instruments within the scope of 
Subtopic 326-20 with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, applied on an instrument-
by-instrument basis for eligible instruments, upon the adoption of Topic 326.  The fair value option election does not 
apply to held-to-maturity debt securities.  An entity that elects the fair value option should subsequently measure those 
instruments at fair value with changes in fair value flowing through earnings.  The amendments are effective for fiscal 
years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The amendments should be 
applied  on  a  modified-retrospective  basis  by  means  of  a  cumulative-effect  adjustment  to  the  opening  balance  of 
retained earnings balance in the balance sheet.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is currently assessing the 
impact that ASU 2019-05 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments 
– Credit Losses.”  This ASU addresses issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, 
“Financial  Instruments—Credit  Losses  (Topic  326):  Measurement  of  Credit  Losses  on  Financial  Instruments.”  
Among other narrow-scope improvements, the new ASU clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. 
“Expected  recoveries”  describes  a  situation  in  which  an  organization  recognizes  a  full  or  partial  write-off  of  the 
amortized cost basis of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that 
amount, will in fact be recovered. While applying the credit losses standard, stakeholders questioned whether expected 
recoveries were permitted on assets that had already shown credit deterioration at the time of purchase (also known 
as PCD assets).  In response to this question, the ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD 
assets.  In addition to other narrow technical improvements, the ASU also reinforces existing guidance that prohibits 
organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities. The ASU includes effective 
dates and transition requirements that vary depending on whether or not an entity has already adopted ASU 2016-13.  
The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements 
and is in the set up stage with expectations of running parallel for all of 2020 and all data has been archived under the 
current model.   

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for 
Income Taxes.”  The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by 
removing specific exceptions to general principles in Topic 740 (eliminating the need for an organization to analyze 
whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain 
income  tax-related  guidance.  This  ASU  is  part  of  the  FASB’s  simplification  initiative  to  make  narrow-scope 
simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects.  For public business 
entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within 
those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-05 
will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 2  

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED): 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued 

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, “Investments – Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity 
Method  and  Joint  Ventures  (Topic  323),  and  Derivatives  and  Hedging  (Topic  815)  –  Clarifying  the  Interactions 
between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815.”  The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force 
and  is  expected  to  increase  comparability  in  accounting  for  these  transactions.    ASU  2016-01  made  targeted 
improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain 
equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting 
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.  
Among other topics, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to 
either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting.  For public business entities, the amendments in the ASU 
are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early 
adoption is permitted The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-05 will have on its consolidated 
financial statements. 

NOTE 3 – CORRECTION OF PRIOR PERIOD IMMATERIAL ERROR 

In  November  2019,  the  Company  identified  an  immaterial  error  in  its  previously  issued  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements related to the amortization of dealer commissions paid to originate indirect auto loans due to a system 
input error that was not previously identified. As a result, the Company determined the date of the system input error 
and the proper amount of the amortization that should have been recorded for 2018 and the amount related to prior 
periods. 

In  evaluating  whether  the  previously  issued  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  were  materially  misstated  for  the 
interim or annual periods prior to December 31, 2019, the Company applied the guidance of ASC 250, Accounting 
Changes and Error Corrections, SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 1.M, Assessing Materiality and SAB 
Topic 1.N, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year 
Financial  Statements  and  concluded  that  the  effect  of  the  errors  on  prior  period  annual  financial  statements  was 
immaterial; however, the cumulative effect of correcting all of the prior period misstatements in the current year would 
be material to the current year consolidated financial statements. The guidance states that prior-year misstatements 
which,  if  corrected  in  the  current  year  would  materially  misstate  the  current  year’s  financial  statements,  must  be 
corrected by adjusting prior year financial statements, even though such correction previously was and continues to 
be immaterial to the prior-year financial statements. Correcting prior-year financial statements for such immaterial 
misstatements does not require previously filed reports to be amended. 

The cumulative effect of adjustments required to correct the misstatements in the financial statements for years prior 
to 2019 are reflected in the 2018 financial statements. The cumulative effect of those adjustments on all periods prior 
to 2018 decreased retained earnings as of December 31, 2017 by $248 thousand. The Consolidated Balance Sheet and 
Statements of Income, Changes in Stockholders' Equity, and Cash Flows have been adjusted to reflect the correction 
for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 3 – CORRECTION OF PRIOR PERIOD IMMATERIAL ERROR (CONTINUED) 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been adjusted from the amounts previously reported to 
correct these errors as follows:  

Consolidated Balance Sheets 
As of December 31, 2018 
Other assets 
Retained earnings 

Consolidated Statements of Income 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 
Interest and fees on loans held for investment
Income Tax Expense 
Net Income 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp
Net income available to common stockholders
Net income – basic 
Net income – diluted 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 
Net income 

Originally
Reported Adjustment    Corrected  

As  

$
$

13,393 $
65,596 $

(510)  $  12,883 
(510)  $  65,086 

Originally
Reported Adjustment    Corrected  

As 

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

35,065 $
1,110 $
9,095 $
9,085 $
8,672 $
2.68 $
2.53 $

(331)  $  34,734 
1,041 
8,833 
8,823 
8,410 
2.60 
2.45 

69  $ 
(262)  $ 
  (262)  $ 
(262)  $ 
(0.08)  $ 
(0.08)  $ 

Originally
Reported Adjustment     Corrected  

As 

$

9,095 $

(262)  $ 

8,833 

The correction of the errors affected Regulatory Capital as follows:  

Actual 

Minimum Capital 
Requirement 

Minimum to be Well 
Capitalized Under Prompt 
Corrective Action 
Provisions 

December 31, 2018 
originally reported 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Total risk-based ratio 
Tier 1 risk-based ratio 
Common equity tier 1 
Total assets leverage ratio 

 $          95,597   14.44% 
 $          90,357   13.65% 
 $          90,357   13.65% 
 $          90,357   11.79% 

 $          52,955  
 $          39,717  
 $          29,787  
 $          30,659  

8.00% 
6.00% 
4.50% 
4.00% 

 $          66,194   10.00% 
 $          52,955   8.00% 
 $          43,026   6.50% 
 $          38,324   5.00% 

December 31, 2018 as 
corrected 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Total risk-based ratio 
Tier 1 risk-based ratio 
Common equity tier 1 
Total assets leverage ratio 

 $          95,335   14.41% 
 $          90,095   13.62% 
 $          90,095   13.62% 
 $          90,095   11.76% 

 $          52,915  
 $          39,686  
 $          29,764  
 $          30,639  

8.00% 
6.00% 
4.50% 
4.00% 

 $          66,143   10.00% 
 $          52,915   8.00% 
 $          42,993   6.50% 
 $          38,299   5.00% 

See Note 22 for additional information on Regulatory Matters. 

NOTE 4 

CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS: 

The Bank may be required to maintain average reserve balances based on a percentage of deposits.  Due to the deposit 
reclassification procedures implemented by the Bank, there is no Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirement for the years 
ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.  

50 

 
 
 
 
  
   
 
    
  
  
      
  
  
   
 
      
  
  
      
  
  
   
 
      
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 5 

SECURITIES: 

The amortized cost and fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, of securities held to maturity were as follows: 

December 31, 2019 

U. S. Treasuries 

December 31, 2018 

U. S. Treasuries 

Amortized Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value

$                       124

$                     -    $                     -

$                    124   

$                      123

$                 -   

 $              -

$                    123

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:  

Amortized 
Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value

December 31, 2019 

U. S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies 
Corporate debt security 
Total Securities Available for Sale 

December 31, 2018 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies 
Total Securities Available for Sale 

$             2,000    $                     -    $                  11
-
2 
                     1
                      - 
$                    2    $                  12    $             4,366   

$             1,989
319
              2,058

317
              2,059
        4,376
$  

7,999
            409
$            8,408

- 
               -  
$                  - 

113
6
$              119

7,886
403
$           8,289

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2019, by contractual maturity are shown below.  Expected 
maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with 
or without call or prepayment penalties. 

Securities Held to Maturity 

Securities Available for Sale 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair 
Value 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair Value 

Due in one year or less 

$                  124    $          124   $                    -     $                 -   

Due after one year through five years 

Due after five years through ten years 

-

-

-

-

              4,059 

317 

4,047

319

Due after ten years 

Total 

                        -

               -

                     - 

                    -

$                  124   $          124    $             4,376    $          4,366   

There were no sales of debt or equity securities during 2019 or 2018.  There were no pledged securities at December 31, 
2019 or 2018.  

Other investments consist of investments in twenty-one low-income housing and historic equity partnerships (carrying 
basis  of  $8,529),  stock  in  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  (carrying  basis  of  $3,392),  and  various  other  investments 
(carrying  basis  of  $1,469).    The  interests  in  the  low-income  housing  and  historic  equity  partnerships  have  limited 
transferability and the interests in the other stocks, except for $135, are restricted as to sales.  The market values of these 
securities are estimated to approximate their carrying values as of December 31, 2019.   At December 31, 2019, the 
Company was committed to invest an additional $3,351 in five low-income housing limited partnerships.  These funds 
will be paid as requested by the general partner to complete the projects.  This additional investment has been reflected 
in the above carrying basis and in accrued liabilities on the balance sheet. 

51 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 5 

SECURITIES (CONTINUED): 

The primary purpose of the investment portfolio is to generate income and meet liquidity needs of the Company through 
readily saleable financial instruments.  The portfolio includes fixed rate bonds, whose prices move inversely with rates 
and variable rate bonds.  At the end of any accounting period, the investment portfolio has unrealized gains and losses.  
The Company monitors the portfolio, which is subject to liquidity needs, market rate changes and credit risk changes for 
other than temporary impairment.  The primary concern in a loss situation is the credit quality of the issuer behind the 
instrument. Bonds deteriorate in value due to credit quality of the individual issuer and changes in market conditions.   

A summary of unrealized losses (in thousands) and the length of time in a continuous loss position, by security type of 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: 

Less than 12 Months
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair 
Value

More than 12 Months 

Total

Fair Value

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value

Unrealized 
Losses

December 31, 2019 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Other debt securities 
Total 

$  1,989    $           11    $             -    $                 -  $        1,989    $                    11
                      1
   2,058
$                    12
$  4,047

          2,058
                  - 
$                 -  $        4,047

              1
$           12

              -
$             -

December 31, 2018 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies 
Total 

Less than 12 Months

More than 12 Months 

Fair 
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value

Unrealized 
Losses 

Total

Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value

$          -
           -
$          -

$             -
               -
$              -

$     7,886    $          (113)  $        7,886
             403
               (6) 
          403
$          (119)  $        8,289
$      8,289

$               (113)
                    (6)
$               (119)

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently 
when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the 
extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, 
and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow 
for any anticipated recovery of fair value.  The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than 
not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost.  As of December 
31, 2019, the Company did not hold any security that was other-than-temporarily impaired.  There were two securities 
in an unrealized loss position, these securities were not in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve months. The 
Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses in 2019 or 2018.   

NOTE 6 

LOANS: 

Loans held for investment as of December 31, 2019, and 2018 were as follows: 

Construction/Land Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family 
Commercial Real Estate 
Home Equity – closed end 
Home Equity – open end 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 
Total 

52 

2018 
2019 
$                     61,659
$                     77,131 
17,030
29,718 
192,278
178,267 
9,665
5,364 
147,342
129,850 
11,039
9,523 
53,197
47,774 
36,021
33,535 
9,861
10,165 
97,523
78,976 
                        3,122 
                         3,184
$                    603,425    $                    638,799

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 6 

LOANS (CONTINUED): 

The Company has pledged loans held for investment as collateral for borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of 
Atlanta totaling $178,253 and $186,673 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The Company maintains a 
blanket lien on its entire residential real estate portfolio and certain commercial and home equity loans. 

Loans held for sale consists of loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market, and the Bank’s 
commitment  to  purchase  residential  mortgage  loan  participations  from  Northpointe  Bank.    The  volume  of  loans 
purchased from Northpointe fluctuates due to a number of factors including changes in secondary market rates, which 
affects demand for mortgage loans; the number of participating banks involved in the program; the number of mortgage 
loan originators selling loans to the lead bank and the funding capabilities of the lead bank.  Loans held for sale as of 
December 31, 2019, and 2018 were $66,798 and $55,910, respectively. 

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans:                                                                                     

December 31, 2019

Recorded

Investment

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

December 31, 2018

Unpaid

Related

Recorded 

Principal

Related

Allowance

Investment 

Balance

Allowance

Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: 

     Construction/Land Development 

$           2,042   

$           2,042    $              -    $       2,414 

$      2,414

$           -

     Farmland 

     Real Estate 

     Multi-Family 

     Commercial Real Estate 

     Home Equity – closed end 

     Home Equity – open end 

     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 
     Consumer 

     Credit cards 

     Dealer Finance 

Impaired loans with a valuation allowance 

     Construction/Land Development 

     Farmland 

     Real Estate 

     Multi-Family 

     Commercial Real Estate 

     Home Equity – closed end 

     Home Equity – open end 

     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 

     Consumer 

     Credit cards  

     Dealer Finance 

-

5,131

-

1,302

716

-

17
-

-

-

5,131

-

1,302

716

-

17
-

-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

1,941 

1,932 

- 

1,941

1,932

-

6,176 

       6,176

- 

- 

- 
- 

-

-

-
-

       - 

      -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-   
-   

-   

                  79

                 79

               -

             32 

            32

            -   

9,287

9,287

-

12,495 

12,495

-

1,036

1,933

10,404

-

638

-

151

192

4

-

2,061

1,933

10,404

-

638

-

151

192

4

-

85

537

569

-

213

-

151

192

1

-

4,311 

- 

422 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8 

4,871

1,627

-

422

-

1,500

                   -

-

-

8

-

7

-

-

-

-

-

2

               - 

                -

          -

                136

               136

              7

          194 

                 194

            10

14,494

15,519

1,755

4,935 

6,995

1,646

Total impaired loans 

$         23,781   

$         24,806    $      1,755    $     17,430   $          19,490

$      1,646 

The Recorded Investment is defined as the principal balance less principal payments and charge-offs.  

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 6 

LOANS (CONTINUED): 

The following is a summary of the average investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans (dollars in 
thousands): 

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Average

Recorded

Investment

Interest

Income

Average 

Recorded 

Interest

Income

Recognized

Investment 

Recognized

Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: 

     Construction/Land Development 

$                    1,957    $                       130    $                  3,586 

$                     89

     Farmland 

     Real Estate 

     Multi-Family 

     Commercial Real Estate 

     Home Equity – closed end 

     Home Equity – open end 

     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 
     Consumer 

     Credit cards 

     Dealer Finance 

Impaired loans with a valuation allowance 

     Construction/Land Development 

     Farmland 

     Real Estate 

     Multi-Family 

     Commercial Real Estate 

     Home Equity – closed end 

     Home Equity – open end 

     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 

     Consumer 

     Credit cards  

     Dealer Finance 

971

-

1,963 

80

5,965  

                        312

1,542 

                        98

-

1,605

539

40

15
-

-

-

72

57

-

2
-

-

- 

2,304 

- 

- 

- 
- 

       - 

-

            286

-

                           -

-
            -

      -

                           55

                            5

                        28 

                          5

11,147

2,248

967

3,121

-

2,542

                              -

38

97

4

-

578

68

16

589

-

36

-

10

13

-

-

9,423 

6,352 

- 

554 

- 

4,167 

558

91

-

23

-

-

                   - 

                  -

- 

- 

10 

-

-

1

                - 

               -

                         166

                          11

                      206 

                        14

9,183

743

11,289 

129

Total impaired loans 

$                  20,330    $                    1,321    $                20,712 

$                     687

54 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 6 

LOANS (CONTINUED): 

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans: 

30-59 
Days 
Past due 

60-89 
Days 
Past Due 

Greater 
than 90 
Days

Total Past 
Due

Current

Total Loan 
Receivable 

Non-
Accrual 
Loans

Recorded 
Investment 
>90 days 
& accruing

$        117    $          45    $      1,255    $          1,417    $             75,714   $                  77,131    $    1,301    $                -   

27 
2,440 
- 
563 
- 

429 
726 

- 
1,035 
- 
- 
- 

296 
4 

1,933
837
-
137
- 

15
- 

1,960
4,312
-
700
- 

740
730 

27,758
173,955
5,364
129,150
9,523 

47,034
32,805 

29,718 
178,267 
5,364 
129,850 
9,523 

47,774 
33,535 

1,933
420
-
900
- 

-
203 

-
619
-
-
- 

15
- 

-
89 
84
1,943 
            31 
                  4
$     6,365    $     1,794    $      4,379    $        12,538    $           590,887    $              603,425    $    5,007    $          722

1
10,165 
249
78,976 
                     3,122                   -

10,062
76,435
                3,087

103
2,541
                35

14 
400 
               - 

-
198
               4

December 31, 2019 
Construction/Land 
Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family 
Commercial Real Estate 
Home Equity – closed 
end 
Home Equity – open end 
Commercial & Industrial 
– Non- Real Estate 
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 
Total 

30-59 
Days Past 
due 

60-89 
Days 
Past 
Due 

Greater 
than 90 
Days

Total Past 
Due

Current

Total Loan 
Receivable 

Recorded 
Investment 
>90 days 
& 
accruing

Non-
Accrual 
Loans

$        290 

$           - 

$      1,767 

$         2,057  $            59,602 

$             61,659  $    2,327 

$               - 

- 
3,074 
- 
479 
- 

148 
40 

- 
677 
- 
189 
- 

171 
22 

-
1,729
-
5,073
12 

320
80 

-
5,480
-
5,741
12 

639
142 

17,030
186,798
9,665
141,601
11,027 

52,558
35,879 

17,030 
192,278 
9,665 
147,342 
11,039 

53,197 
36,021 

-
1,477
-
5,074
- 

269
98 

-
726
-
-
12 

51
- 

89 
2,763 
          50 
$     6,933 

26 
337 
         11 
$   1,433 

3
96
              9
$      9,089

118
3,196
               70
$       17,455

9,743
94,327
              3,114
$          621,344

9,861 
97,523 
               3,184 

5
155
             -
$           638,799  $    9,405

2
9
                -
$           800

December 31, 2018 
Construction/Land 
Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family 
Commercial Real Estate 
Home Equity – closed 
end 
Home Equity – open end 
Commercial & Industrial 
– Non- Real Estate 
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 
Total 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 7  ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES: 

A summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses (in thousands) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 
is as follows: 

December 31, 2019 

Allowance for loan losses: 

Beginning 
Balance

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Provision 
for Loan 
Losses

Ending 
Balance 

Individually 
Evaluated 
for 
Impairment

Collectively 
Evaluated 
for 
Impairment

Construction/Land Development 

$          2,094  $          2,319   $               50   $        1,365   $      1,190   $                 85   $            1,105   

Farmland 

Real Estate 

Multi-Family 

Commercial Real Estate 

Home Equity – closed end 

Home Equity – open end 

 Commercial & Industrial – Non-
Real Estate 
 Consumer 

Dealer Finance 

Credit Cards 

Total 

15

292

10

416

13

126

192

70 

1,974 

-

32

-

677

1

126

127

116 

2,118 

- 

4 

- 

16 

2 

1 

81 

44 

1,144 

653

1,309

10

2,060

28

456

439

188 

786 

668 

1,573 

20 

1,815 

42 

457 

585 

186 

1,786 

537 

131

569 

                1,004

- 

213 

- 

151 

192 

1 

7 

20

1,602

42

306

393

185 

1,779 

                 38 

               110 

                 29 

             111 

             68                        - 

                   68 

$          5,240  $          5,626   $          1,371   $        7,405   $      8,390   $            1,755   $            6,635   

December 31, 2018 

Allowance for loan losses: 

Beginning 
Balance

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Provision 
for Loan 
Losses

Ending 
Balance 

Individually 
Evaluated 
for 
Impairment

Collectively 
Evaluated 
for 
Impairment

Construction/Land Development 

$          2,547  $             489  $             122  $          (86)  $      2,094  $            1,627  $               467 

Farmland 

Real Estate 

Multi-Family 

Commercial Real Estate 

Home Equity – closed end 

Home Equity – open end 

 Commercial & Industrial – Non-
Real Estate 
 Consumer 

Dealer Finance 

Credit Cards 

Total 

25

719

19

482

66

209

337

148 

1,440 

-                    - 

              (10)

(340)

(9)

1,479

              (54)

(91)

337

99

-

1,546

3

-

573

51 

2,083 

12 

- 

1 

4 

8 

91 

41 

861 

(68) 

1,756 

70 

1,974 

15 

292 

10 

416 

13 

126 

192 

- 

7 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

10 

15

285

10

416

13

126

192

68 

1,964 

               52 

                76 

                46 

              16 

            38                        - 

                 38 

$          6,044  $          4,920  $          1,186  $        2,930  $      5,240  $            1,646  $            3,594 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 7 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED): 

The  following  table  presents  the  recorded  investment  in  loans  (in  thousands)  based  on  impairment  method  as  of 
December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

December 31, 2019 

Loan Receivable

Individually 
Evaluated for 
Impairment 

Collectively 
Evaluated for 
Impairment

Construction/Land Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family 
Commercial Real Estate 
Home Equity – closed end 
Home Equity –open end 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 
Total 

December 31, 2018 

Construction/Land Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family 
Commercial Real Estate 
Home Equity – closed end 
Home Equity –open end 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate 
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 
Total 

$                     77,131    $                  3,078    $                    74,053   

29,718
178,267
5,364
129,850
9,523
47,774
33,535
                      10,165
78,976
                        3,122
$                   603,425

1,933 
                 15,535 
- 
1,940 
716 
151 
209 
4 
215 
                          - 
$                23,781 

27,785
162,732
5,364
127,910
8,807
47,623
33,326
10,161
78,761
                        3,122
$                  579,644   

Loan Receivable 

$                     61,659
17,030
192,278
9,665
147,342
11,039
53,197
36,021
                        9,861
97,523
                        3,184
$                   638,799

Individually 
Evaluated for 
Impairment 

Collectively 
Evaluated for 
Impairment 

$                6,725 
1,941 
2,354 
- 
6,176 
- 
- 
- 
8 
226 
                          - 
$                17,430 

$                    54,934
15,089
189,924
9,665
141,166
                      11,039 
53,197
36,021
9,853
97,297
                        3,184
$                  621,369

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED): 

NOTE 7 
During the second quarter of 2019, Management reduced the historical net charge off lookback period from five years 
to two years for all segments given recent asset quality trends and charge off experience.  Management believes the 
two-year lookback period is more indicative of the risk remaining in the loan portfolio. 

Calculated Provision 
Based on Prior 
Methodology 

This change and the effect on provision expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 was as follows: 
Calculated Provision 
Based on Current 
Methodology 
$                                  1,365
                                  653
                             1,309
                                10
                           2,060
                                28
                              456
                              439
                              188
                                 786
                                       111
$                                   7,405

$                             1,008   $                         357
-
                               653  
25
                              1,284  
-
                                 10  
587
                           1,473  
(2)
                                 30  
(19)
                               475  
116
                               323  
23
                               165  
-
                           786  
                                 100  
                             11
$                             6,307  $                      1,098

Construction and Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate  
Multi-Family 
Commercial RE 
Home Equity - Closed End 
Home Equity - Open End 
C&I - Non - RE 
Consumer 
Dealer Finance 
Credit Cards 

Difference 

The  following  table  shows  the  Company’s  loan  portfolio  broken  down  by  internal  loan  grade  (in  thousands)  as  of 
December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

 December 31, 2019 
Construction/Land 
Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family  
Commercial Real 
Estate 
Home Equity – 
closed end 
Home Equity – open 
end 
Commercial & 
Industrial (Non-Real 
Estate) 
Consumer (excluding 
dealer) 
Total 

Performing 
Non performing 
Total 

Grade 1 
Minimal 
Risk 

Grade 2 
Modest 
Risk 

Grade 3 
Average 
Risk

Grade 4 
Acceptable 
Risk

Grade 5 
Marginally 
Acceptable

Grade 6 
Watch

Grade 7 
Substandard 

Grade 8 
Doubtful

Total

$            -    $     615  $  21.904
9,479
48,308
1,327

363 
1,900 
- 

60 
- 
- 

$      41,693    $        8,218
2,942
23,876
153

13,754
81,371
3,711

$  2,434    $         2,267 
1,932 
17,177 
- 

1,188
5,635
173

$            -    $      77,131  
29,718
178,267
5,364

-
-
-

- 

- 

2,465 

40,227

67,626

14,139

4,397

189 

2,999

3,816

1,154

1,365

17 

1,965 

17,789

22,705

3,769

1,198

142 

2,042 

12,818

15,035

2,877

373

996 

- 

331 

248 

-

-

-

-

129,850

9,523

47,774

33,535

       170 
             6 
$       225  $  9,709 

      3,476
$158,327

         4,726
$    254,437

         1,729
        56
$      58,857    $16,819

                 2 
            -
$       22,953    $           -

       10,165
$    521,327

Credit Cards

Dealer 
Finance

$               3,118   $      78,529   
                        4
$               3,122    $      78,976   

            447

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 

NOTE 7 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED): 

 December 31, 2018 
Construction/Land 
Development 
Farmland 
Real Estate 
Multi-Family  
Commercial Real 
Estate 
Home Equity – 
closed end 
Home Equity – open 
end 
Commercial & 
Industrial (Non-Real 
Estate) 
Consumer (excluding 
dealer) 
Total 

Performing 
Non performing 
Total 

Grade 1 
Minimal 
Risk 

Grade 2 
Modest 
Risk 

Grade 3 
Average 
Risk

Grade 4 
Acceptable 
Risk

Grade 5 
Marginally 
Acceptable

Grade 6 
Watch

Grade 7 
Substandard 

Grade 8 
Doubtful

$            -  $  1,148  $  15,857
4,953
55,429
2,895

- 
1,644 
- 

62 
-  
     -  

$    29,301
6,376
106,387
6,604

$        9,353
3,205
22,679
166

$          -
493
1,531
-

$       6,000  $            -
          -
-
-

1,941 
4,608 
- 

        - 

2,437 

44,065

81,916

11,564

2,286

5,074 

 - 

31 

3,245

5,842

60 

1,554 

19,464

27,347

1,909

4,157

-

223

12 

392 

193 

    2,291 

17,144  

13,254

2,704

337

                98 

-

-

-

-

Total

$  61,659
   17,030
192,278
9,665

147,342

11,039

53,197

36,021

       190 
           27 
$       342  $  9,295 

      2,648
$165,700

        5,192
$    282,219

         1,800
$      57,537

           -
$  4,870

                 4 
             -
$       18,129  $            -

     9,861
$538,092

  Credit Cards  Dealer Finance
  $             3,175  $           97,368
                  155
  $             3,184  $           97,523

                    9 

Description of internal loan grades: 

Grade 1 – Minimal Risk:   Excellent credit, superior asset quality, excellent debt capacity and coverage, and 
recognized management capabilities. 

Grade 2 – Modest Risk:  Borrower consistently generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, excellent 
credit, above average asset quality and liquidity. 

Grade 3 – Average Risk:  Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service.  Employment (or 
business) is stable with good future trends.  Credit is very good. 

Grade  4  –  Acceptable  Risk:    Borrower’s  cash  flow  is  adequate  to  cover  debt  service;  however,  unusual 
expenses or capital expenses must by covered through additional long term debt.  Employment (or business) 
stability  is  reasonable,  but  future  trends  may  exhibit  slight  weakness.  Credit  history  is  good.  No  unpaid 
judgments or collection items appearing on credit report. 

Grade  5  –  Marginally  acceptable:    Credit  to  borrowers  who  may  exhibit  declining  earnings,  may  have 
leverage that is materially above industry averages, liquidity may be marginally acceptable.  Employment or 
business  stability  may  be  weak  or  deteriorating.    May  be  currently  performing  as  agreed,  but  would  be 
adversely  affected  by  developing  factors  such  as  layoffs,  illness,  reduced  hours  or  declining  business 
prospects.  Credit history shows weaknesses, past dues, paid or disputed collections and judgments, but does 
not include borrowers that are currently past due on obligations or with unpaid, undisputed judgments. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 7 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (CONTINUED): 

Grade  6  –  Watch:    Loans  are  currently  protected  but  are  weak  due  to  negative  balance  sheet  or  income 
statement trends.  There may be a lack of effective control over collateral or the existence of documentation 
deficiencies.    These  loans  have  potential  weaknesses  that  deserve  management’s  close  attention.    Other 
reasons supporting this classification include adverse economic or market conditions, pending litigation or 
any other material weakness.  Existing loans that become 60 or more days past due are placed in this category 
pending a return to current status. 

Grade  7  –  Substandard:  Loans  having  well-defined  weaknesses  where  a  payment  default  and  or  loss  is 
possible, but not yet probable.  Cash flow is inadequate to service the debt under the current payment, or 
terms,  with  prospects  that  the  condition  is  permanent.    Loans  classified  as  substandard  are  inadequately 
protected  by  the  current  net  worth  and  paying  capacity  of  the  borrower  and  there  is  the  likelihood  that 
collateral will have to be liquidated and/or guarantor(s) called upon to repay the debt.  Generally, the loan is 
considered collectible as to both principal and interest, primarily because of collateral coverage, however, if 
the deficiencies are not corrected quickly; there is a probability of loss. 

Grade 8 – Doubtful:  Loans having all the characteristics of a substandard credit, but available information 
indicates it is unlikely the loan will be repaid in its entirety.  Cash flow is insufficient to service the debt.  It 
may be difficult to project the exact amount of loss, but the probability of some loss is great.  Loans are to be 
placed on non-accrual status when any portion is classified doubtful.   

Credit card and dealer finance loans are classified as performing or nonperforming.  A loan is nonperforming 
when payments of principal and interest are past due 90 days or more.  

NOTE 8 

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING: 

In  the  determination  of  the  allowance  for  loan  losses,  management  considers  troubled  debt  restructurings  and 
subsequent defaults in these restructurings by adjusting the loan grades of such loans, which are considered in the 
qualitative  factors  within  the  allowance  for  loan  loss  methodology.  Defaults  resulting  in  charge-offs  affect  the 
historical loss experience ratios which are a component of the allowance calculation. Additionally, specific reserves 
may be established on troubled debt restructured loans which are evaluated individually for impairment. 

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Bank modified 7 loans that were considered to be troubled 
debt restructurings.   These modifications included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension 
of  principal  payments  for  a  temporary  period,  re-advancing  funds  to  be  applied  as  payments  to  bring  the  loan(s) 
current, or any combination thereof.  

(dollars in thousands) 
Troubled Debt Restructurings 

Real Estate 
Home Equity 
Commercial 
Consumer 

Total 

Number of Contracts

1
1
1
                                      4
                                      7

December 31, 2019
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment 

Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment

$                              190    $                              190   

716 
17 

716
17

$                                29    $                                29   
$                              952    $                              952   

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 

NOTE 8 

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING (CONTINUED): 

As of December 31, 2019, there were 2 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default.  A restructured 
loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due. 

(dollars in thousands) 
Troubled Debt Restructurings 

Number of Contracts

December 31, 2019
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment 

Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment

Consumer 

Total 

                                      2
2

$                                18 
$                                18 

$                                 18
$                                 18

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Bank modified 21 loans that were considered to be troubled 
debt restructurings.   These modifications included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension 
of  principal  payments  for  a  temporary  period,  re-advancing  funds  to  be  applied  as  payments  to  bring  the  loan(s) 
current, or any combination thereof.  

(dollars in thousands) 
Troubled Debt Restructurings 

Number of Contracts

December 31, 2018
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment 

Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment

Real Estate 
Commercial 
Consumer 

Total 

1
2
                                    18
21

$                              742  $                               742
1,248
$                              183  $                               183
$                           2,173  $                            2,173

1,248 

As of December 31, 2018, there were 5 loans restructured in the previous twelve months, in default.  A restructured 
loan is considered in default when it becomes 30 days past due. 

(dollars in thousands) 
Troubled Debt Restructurings 

Number of Contracts

December 31, 2018
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment 

Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment

Real Estate 
Consumer 

Total 

2
                                      3
5

$                              142  $                               142
                                   12
                                 12 
$                               154
$                              154 

NOTE 9 

BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT: 

Bank premises and equipment as of December 31 are summarized as follows: 

Land 
Buildings and improvements 
Furniture and equipment 

Less - accumulated depreciation 
Net 

2019 

2018 

$             4,508   

16,038
            10,425
30,971
         (12,040)
$          18,931

$             3,887
14,370
             10,438
28,695
(10,929)
$          17,766

Depreciation of $1,228 in 2019 and $1,137 in 2018 were charged to operations. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 10 

OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED: 

The table below reflects other real estate owned (OREO) activity for 2019 and 2018: 

Other Real Estate Owned 

Balance as of January 1 

Loans transferred to OREO 
Capital improvements  
Sale of OREO 
Write down of OREO or losses on sale

Balance as of December 31 

Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows: 

Balance as of January 1 

Provision (recoveries) charged/(credited) to expense
Reductions from sales of real estate owned

Balance as of December 31 

(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets include: 

Net loss (gain) on sales 
Gain on foreclosure 
Provision/(recoveries) for unrealized losses
Operating expenses, net of rental income 

(Income) expenses related to foreclosed assets

2019 

2018 

$                                 2,443    $                            1,984
                                 600
                                     133
                                     -
-
                               (132)
(635)
                                  (9)
                                   (452)
$                                 1,489    $                            2,443

2019 

2018 

$           861  $          885
            (10)
             354 
            (36) 
            (34)
$        1,181  $           861

2019 

2018 

$             122  $                     9
              (94)
             (24) 
            354 
              (10)
                     64
                65 
$             517  $                (31)

At December 31, 2019, the balance of real estate owned includes $133 of foreclosed residential real estate properties 
recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property.  At December 31, 2019, the recorded investment of 
consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure procedures are in 
process is $643.  

NOTE 11 

DEPOSITS: 

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250 at year end 2019 and 2018 were $9,386 and $13,464.  
At December 31, 2019, the scheduled maturities of all time deposits are as follows: 

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024  
Thereafter 
                 Total 

$                   62,076  
42,578
13,938
10,478
                    10,092
                              -
$                 139,162   

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 12 

SHORT-TERM DEBT: 

Short-term debt, all maturing within 12 months, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized as follows: 

2019 
Federal funds purchased 
FHLB short term 
Totals 
2018 
Federal funds purchased 
FHLB short term 
Totals 

Maximum Outstanding 
at any Month End 

Outstanding 
At 

Average 
Balance 

Year End  Outstanding 

Yield 

$                              10,715    $                     -
         10,000
45,000
$        10,000

$                861                2.67%
            2.48%
         26,822 
            2.49%
$        27,683 

$                            11,906
  46,000

$           10,116
        30,000
$        40,116

$              1,399 
         22,937 
$        24,336 

2.51%
            1.83%
            1.87%

The Company utilizes short-term debt such as Federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) 
short  term  borrowings  to  support  the  loans  held  for  sale  participation  program  and  provide  liquidity.    Federal  funds 
purchased are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions. FHLB short term debt, which is secured 
by the loan portfolio, can be a daily rate variable loan that acts as a line of credit or a fixed rate advance, depending on 
the needs of the Company. 

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $41,000 which 
may be used in the management of short-term liquidity, on which none was outstanding.  

NOTE 13 

LONG-TERM DEBT: 

The Company utilizes the FHLB advance program to fund loan growth and provide liquidity.  The interest rates on long-
term debt are fixed at the time of the advance and range from .81% to 2.56%; the weighted average interest rate was 
1.85% and 1.96% at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.  The balance of these  obligations at 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $53,197 and $40,125 respectively.  FHLB advances include a $6,000 letter of credit 
at FHLB that is pledged to the Commonwealth of Virginia to secure public funds.   

The maturities of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank long term debt as of December 31, 2019, were as follows: 

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
                                Total 

$                14,429   
               5,929
12,714
               7,000
               1,875
             11,250
$            53,197   

VSTitle, LLC has a note payable for vehicle purchases with a balance of $4 and $8 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, 
respectively. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 14 

INCOME TAX EXPENSE: 

The components of income tax expense were as follows: 

Current expense 
Deferred expense (benefit) 

Total deferred (benefit) expense 

Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 

The components of deferred taxes as of December 31, were as follows: 

Deferred Tax Assets: 
Allowance for loan losses 
Split Dollar Life Insurance 
Nonqualified deferred compensation 
Low income housing partnerships losses 
Core deposit amortization 
Other real estate owned 
Lease Liability 
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale
Unfunded pension benefit obligation  

Total Assets 

Deferred Tax Liabilities:            
Unearned low income housing credits 
Depreciation 
Prepaid pension 
Goodwill tax amortization 
Right of Use Asset 
Total Liabilities 
Net Deferred Tax Asset (included in Other Assets on Balance Sheet) 

2019 

2018 

$             929    $                   985
                      55
         (1,179)
                     55
         (1,179)
$                1,041
$          (250)

2019 

2018 

$            1,757    $            1,096
3
3
564
692
279
320
13
19
173
178
-
192
25
2
                 852
             1,030
$            4.015    $            3,183

2019 

2018 

$               118  $               158 
                 403 
849 
                 564 
                      - 
             1,974 
$            2,186    $            1,209 

487 
464 
568 
                 192 
1,829 

The following table summarizes the differences between the actual income tax expense and the amounts computed using 
the federal statutory tax rates: 

Tax expense at federal statutory rates 
Increases (decreases) in taxes resulting from: 
Partially tax-exempt income 
Tax-exempt income 
LIH and historic credits 
Other 
Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 

2019 

2018 

$             904    $              2,104 

(49) 
(44) 
(146) 
(161) 
(900) 
(966) 
                 17 
                     32 
$          (250)    $              1,041 

The Company has analyzed the tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns and concluded it has no 
liability related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with accounting guidance related to income taxes. 

The Company and its subsidiaries file federal income tax returns and state income tax returns. With few exceptions, 
the Company is no longer subject to federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2016. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 15 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS: 

Defined Benefit Pension Plan 

The  Company  has  a  qualified  noncontributory  defined  benefit  pension  plan  which  covers  substantially  all  of  its 
employees  hired  before  April  1,  2012.    The  benefits  are  primarily  based  on  years  of  service  and  earnings.    The 
Company uses December 31st as the measurement date for the defined benefit pension plan.  

The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for 
2019 and 2018: 

Change in Benefit Obligation 
Benefit obligation, beginning 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Actuarial (gain) loss 
Benefits paid 
Settlement (gain) loss 
Benefit obligation, ending 

Change in Plan Assets 
Fair value of plan assets, beginning 
Actual return on plan assets 
Employer contribution 
Benefits paid 
Fair value of plan assets, ending 
Funded status at the end of the year 

2019 

2018 

$         14,219    $         15,103 
768 
738 
                497 
548 
(1,562) 
2,056 
              (587) 
           (3,910) 
              (336) 
                     - 
$         13,315    $         14,219 

$         12,445    $         13,645 
(613) 
2,008 
- 
- 
           (3,910) 
              (587) 
$         10,543    $         12,445 
$         (2,772)    $         (1,774) 

The  fair  value  of  plan  assets  is  measured  based  on  the  fair  value  hierarchy  as  discussed  in  Note  21,  “Fair  Value 
Measurements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The valuations are based on third party data received as of 
the  balance  sheet  date.  All  plan  assets  are  considered  Level  1  assets,  as  quoted  prices  exist  in  active  markets  for 
identical assets.  

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 15 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED): 

Defined Benefit Pension Plan, continued 

Amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet 
Prepaid benefit cost 
Unfunded pension benefit obligation under ASC 325-960 
Deferred taxes 

Amount recognized in accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) 
Net loss 
Prior service cost 
Amount recognized 
Deferred taxes 
Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive (loss) 

Prepaid benefit detail 
Benefit obligation 
Fair value of assets 
Unrecognized net actuarial loss 
Unrecognized prior service cost 
Prepaid benefits 

Components of net periodic benefit cost 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Expected return on plan assets 
Amortization of prior service cost 
Recognized net loss due to settlement 
Recognized net actuarial loss 
Net periodic benefit cost 

2019 

2018 

$                    1,286    $                    3,131 
(4,905) 
1,030 

(4,056) 
852 

$                 (4,067)    $                 (4,932) 
                           27 
                           11   
(4,905) 
(4,056)   
                         852                          1,030 
$                 (3,204)    $                 (3,875) 

$               (13,313)    $               (14,219) 
             12,445 
10,543 
4,932 
4,067 
                        (27) 
                        (11) 
$                    1,286    $                    3,131 

$                       738    $                       768 
496 
548 
(923) 
(807) 
(15) 
(15) 
- 
1,100 
                         281 
                         303 
$                    1,845    $                       629 

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations 
  recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 
Net loss 
Amortization of prior service cost 
Total recognized in other comprehensive (loss) 

$                    (864)    $                    (328) 
                           15   
                           15 
$                    (849)    $                    (313) 

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other  
  comprehensive income (loss) 

$                       996    $                       316 

Additional disclosure information 
Accumulated benefit obligation 
Vested benefit obligation 
Discount rate used for net pension cost 
Discount rate used for disclosure 
Expected return on plan assets 
Rate of compensation increase 
Average remaining service (years) 

$                    9,720    $                  10,992 
$                   9,713    $                  10,983 
3.50% 
4.25% 
7.25% 
3.00% 
12 

4.25% 
3.25% 
7.25% 
3.00% 
12.35 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 15 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED): 

Funding Policy 

Due to the current funding status of the plan, the Company did not make a contribution in 2019 or 2018.  The net periodic 
pension cost of the plan for 2020 will be approximately $703.  In 2019, due to recent retirements, the Company was 
subject to a settlement charge totaling $1,100.  The Company is not expected to be subject to settlement accounting in 
2020.  

Long-Term Rate of Return 

The Company, as plan sponsor, selects the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption in consultation with 
investment advisors and the plan actuary.  This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be 
earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed, especially 
with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation) for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the trust. 
Undue  weight  is  not  given  to  recent  experience,  which  may  not  continue  over  the  measurement  period,  with  higher 
significance placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions. 

Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are not reduced for taxes.  Further, and solely for this 
purpose, the plan is assumed to continue in force and not terminate during the period during which the assets are 
invested.  However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow 
into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the 
extent such expenses are not explicitly estimated within periodic cost). 

Asset Allocation 

The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, 
with a targeted asset allocation of 39% fixed income and 61% equity. The Investment Manager selects investment fund 
managers  with  demonstrated  experience  and  expertise,  and  funds  with  demonstrated  historical  performance,  for  the 
implementation of the Plan’s investment strategy. The Investment Manager will consider both actively and passively 
managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure.  
The pension plan’s allocations as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were 60% equity and 40% fixed and 58% equity and 
42% fixed, respectively.  

Estimated Future Benefit Payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, as of December 31, 2019, 
are as follows: 

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025-2029 

$             855   
101 
1,759 
906 
134 
                   5,967 
$                  9,722   

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 15 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED): 

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) 

The Company sponsors an ESOP which provides stock ownership to substantially all employees of the Company.  The 
Plan  provides  total  vesting  upon  the  attainment  of  five  years  of  service.    Contributions  to  the  plan  are  made  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  are  allocated  based  on  the  compensation  of  each  employee  relative  to  total 
compensation paid by the Company.  All shares issued and held by the Plan are considered outstanding in the computation 
of earnings per share. Dividends on Company stock are allocated and paid to participants at least annually. Shares of 
Company stock, when distributed, have restrictions on transferability.  The Company contributed $406 in 2019 and $443 
in 2018 to the Plan and charged this expense to operations.  The shares held by the ESOP totaled 193,549 and 203,147 
at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  

401(K) Plan 

The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings plan under which eligible employees may choose to save up to 20 percent of 
their  salary  on  a  pretax  basis,  subject  to  certain  IRS  limits.  Under  the  Federal  Safe  Harbor  rules  employees  are 
automatically enrolled at 3% (this increases by 1% per year up to 6%) of their salary unless elected otherwise.  The 
Company matches one hundred percent of the first 1% contributed by the employee and fifty percent from 2% to 6% of 
employee  contributions.  Vesting  in  the  contributions  made  by  the  Company  is  100%  after  two  years  of  service.  
Contributions under the plan amounted to $289 and $283 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

Deferred Compensation Plan 

The  Company  has  a  nonqualified  deferred  compensation  plan  for  several  of  its  key  employees  and  directors.  The 
Company may make annual contributions to the plan, and the employee or director has the option to defer a portion of 
their salary or bonus based on qualifying annual elections. Contributions to the plan totaled $125 in 2019 and $125 in 
2018.  A liability is accrued for the obligation under the plan and totaled $3,713 and $3,170 at December 31, 2019 and 
2018, respectively.    

Investments in Life Insurance Contracts 

The Bank currently offers a variety of benefit plans to all full-time employees. While the costs of these plans are generally 
tax deductible to the Bank, the cost has been escalating greatly in recent years. To help offset escalating benefit costs and 
to attract and retain qualified employees, the Bank purchased Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) contracts that will 
provide benefits to employees during their lifetime. Dividends received on these policies are tax-deferred and the death 
benefits under the policies are tax exempt.  Rates of return on a tax-equivalent basis are very favorable when compared 
to other long-term investments which the Bank might make.  The accrued liability related to the BOLI contracts was 
$477 and $466 for December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

NOTE 16 

CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT: 

The Company had cash deposits in other commercial banks in excess of FDIC insurance limits totaling $975 and $2,195 
at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

The  Company  grants  commercial,  residential  real  estate  and  consumer  loans  to  customers  located  primarily  in  the 
northwestern  portion  of  the  State  of  Virginia.  There  were  no  loan  concentration  areas  greater  than  25%  of  capital. 
Collateral required by the Company is determined on an individual basis depending on the purpose of the loan and the 
financial condition of the borrower. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 79% of the loan portfolio was secured by 
real estate. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 17 

COMMITMENTS: 

The Company makes commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business and issues standby letters of credit 
to meet the financing needs of its customers.  The amount of the commitments represents the Company's exposure to 
credit loss that is not included in the consolidated balance sheet.  As of the December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company 
had the following commitments outstanding: 

Commitments to extend credit 
Standby letters of credit 

2019 

2018 

$                174,925    $                169,863 
2,119 

2,369 

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit and issue standby letters of credit 
as it does for the loans reflected in the consolidated balance sheet. 

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition 
established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may 
require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total 
commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  The Company evaluates each customer's 
creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Collateral required, if any, upon extension of credit is based on management's 
credit evaluation of the borrower’s ability to pay.  Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, 
property, plant and equipment. 

NOTE 18  ON BALANCE SHEET DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES: 

Mortgage Banking Derivatives 

Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans originated by F&M Mortgage (rate lock commitments) to be sold into 
the secondary market and best efforts commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors 
are considered derivatives. It is the practice of F&M Mortgage to enter into best efforts commitments for the future 
delivery of residential mortgage loans when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically 
hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. These mortgage banking 
derivatives are not designated hedge relationships. The fair value of the mortgage banking derivatives were estimated 
based on changes in interest rates from the date of the commitments and were considered immaterial at December 31, 
2019 and 2018, and were not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.  

Derivative Financial Instruments 

The Company has stand alone derivative financial instruments in the form of forward option contracts.  These transactions 
involve both credit and market risk.  The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value 
of the derivative are based.  Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures.  Direct credit exposure is limited 
to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any.  Such difference, which represents 
the fair value of the derivative instruments, is reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as derivative assets 
and derivative liabilities. 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  credit-related  losses  in  the  event  of  nonperformance  by  the  counterparties  to  these 
agreements.    The  Company  controls  the  credit  risk  of  its  financial  contracts  through  credit  approvals,  limits  and 
monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations.  The Company deals only with 
primary dealers. 

Derivative  instruments  are  generally  either  negotiated  Over-the-Counter  (OTC)  contracts  or  standardized  contracts 
executed  on  a  recognized  exchange.    Negotiated  OTC  derivative  contracts  are  generally  entered  into  between  two 
counterparties that negotiate specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise prices and 
maturity. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 18  ON  BALANCE  SHEET  DERIVATIVE  INSTRUMENTS  AND  HEDGING  ACTIVITIES 

(CONTINUED): 

The Company issues to customer’s certificates of deposit with an interest rate that is derived from the rate of return on 
the stock of the companies that comprise The Dow Jones Industrial Average.  In order to manage the interest rate risk 
associated with this deposit product, the Company has purchased a series of forward option contracts.  These contracts 
provide the Company with a rate of return commensurate with the return of The Dow Jones Industrial Average from the 
time of the contract until maturity of the related certificates of deposit.  These contracts are accounted for as fair value 
hedges.  Because the certificates of deposit can be redeemed by the customer at any time and the related forward options 
contracts cannot be cancelled by the Company, the hedge is not considered effective. The ineffective portion of the gain 
or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized currently in earnings.  There was no ineffective portion included 
in the consolidated income statement for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.  

At December 31, the information pertaining to the forward option contracts, included in other assets and other liabilities 
on the balance sheet, is as follows: 

Notional amount 
Fair value of contracts, included in other assets

2019 

2018 

$                    184  $                    184
44

72 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 19 

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES: 

During  the  year,  executive  officers  and  directors  (and  companies  controlled  by  them)  were  customers  of  and  had 
transactions with the Company in the normal course of business. Management believes these transactions were made on 
substantially the same terms as those prevailing for other customers and did not involve any abnormal risk. 

Loan transactions with related parties are shown in the following schedule: 

Total loans, beginning of year 
New loans 
Relationship change 
Repayments 
Total loans, end of year 

2019 

2018 

$             20,565    $           20,377
5,785
5,532 
169
(443) 
              (5,766)
             (3,932) 
$             21,722    $             20,565

Deposits of executive officers and directors and their affiliates were $5,524 and $4,110 on December 31, 2019 and 
2018 respectively.  Management believes these deposits were made under the same terms available to other customers 
of the bank. 

NOTE 20 

DIVIDEND LIMITATIONS ON SUBSIDIARY BANK: 

The principal source of funds of F & M Bank Corp. is dividends paid by the Farmers & Merchants Bank.  The Federal 
Reserve Act restricts the amount of dividends the Bank may pay. Approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal 
Reserve System is required if the dividends declared by a state member bank, in any year, exceed the sum of (1) net 
income  of  the  current  year  and  (2)  income  net  of  dividends  for  the  preceding  two  years.  As  of  January  1,  2020, 
approximately $2,000 was available for dividend distribution without permission of the Board of Governors.  Dividends 
paid by the Bank to the Company totaled $6,000 in 2019 and $8,874 in 2018. 

NOTE 21 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS: 

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the 
principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants 
on the measurement date.  There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values: 

  Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. 
  Level 2 –  Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and
liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-
based  valuation  techniques  for  which  significant  assumptions  can  be  derived  primarily  from  or 
corroborated by observable data in the market.

  Level 3 – Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that

are unobservable in the market. 

The  following  describes  the  valuation  techniques  used  by  the  Company  to  measure  certain  financial  assets  and 
liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements: 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 21 

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED): 

Securities 

Where  quoted  prices  are  available  in  an  active  market,  securities  are  classified  within  Level  1  of  the  valuation 
hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded 
equities, such as U. S. Treasuries. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using 
pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Level 2 securities 
would  include  U.S.  agency  securities,  mortgage-backed  agency  securities,  obligations  of  states  and  political 
subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity 
or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. 
The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value 
based upon the redemption provisions of each entity and is therefore excluded from the following table. 

Derivatives 

The  Company’s  derivatives  are  recorded  at  fair  value  based  on  third  party  vendor  supplied  information  using 
discounted cash flow analysis from observable-market based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs. 

The following tables present the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 
31, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands):  

December 31, 2019 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies 
Other debt securities 
Total securities available for sale 
Derivatives 

December 31, 2018 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprises 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies 
Total securities available for sale 
Derivatives 

$          1,989    $                  -    $          1,989    $                  -   
- 
319 
            2,058 
                    - 
$          4,366    $                  -    $          4,366    $                  -   
$               72    $                  -    $               72    $                  -   

- 
                    - 

319 
            2,058 

Total 

Level 2 

Level 1 
  $        7,886  $                  -  $          7,886 
               403 
                    - 
               403 
$          8,289  $                  -  $          8,289 
$               44  $                  -  $               44 

Level 3 
$                  - 
                    - 
$                  - 
$                  - 

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to 
the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs 
of individual assets. 

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded 
at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements: 

Loans Held for Sale  

Loans held for sale are short-term loans purchased at par for resale to investors at the par value of the loan and loans 
originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market.  Loan participations are generally repurchased within 
15 days.  Loans originated for sale by F&M Mortgage are recorded at lower of cost or market.  No market adjustments 
were required at December 31, 2019 or 2018; therefore, loans held for sale were carried at cost.  Because of the short-
term nature and fixed repurchase price, the book value of these loans approximates fair value at December 31, 2019 
and 2018.  

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 21     FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED): 

Impaired Loans 

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it 
is  probable  that  all  amounts  due  will  not  be  collected  according  to  the  contractual  terms  of  the  loan  agreement. 
Troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. If 
an individually-evaluated impaired loan’s balance exceeds fair value, the amount is allocated to the allowance for loan 
losses. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated 
Statements of Income. 

The fair value of an impaired loan and measurement of associated loss is based on one of three methods: the observable 
market price of the loan, the present value of projected cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. The observable 
market price of a loan is categorized as a Level 1 input. The present value of projected cash flows method results in a 
Level 3 categorization because the calculation relies on the Company’s judgment to determine projected cash flows, 
which are then discounted at the current rate of the loan, or the rate prior to modification if the loan is a troubled debt 
restructure.  

Loans measured using the fair value of collateral method are categorized in Level 3. Collateral may be in the form of 
real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Most collateral is real estate. 
The Company bases collateral method fair valuation upon the “as-is” value of independent appraisals or evaluations. 
The value of real estate collateral is determined by an independent appraisal utilizing an income or market valuation 
approach.  The Company discounts appraised value by estimated selling costs to arrive at net fair value.  Appraisals 
conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data is categorized 
as Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal (Level 3) if deemed significant, or the 
net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements (Level 3) if not considered significant. Likewise, values 
for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). 

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value measurements for impaired loans with specific allocations were 
primarily based upon the fair value of the collateral.  

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring 
basis during the period (dollars in thousands): 

December 31, 2019 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

     Construction/Land Development 
     Farmland 
     Real Estate 
     Commercial Real Estate 
     Consumer 
     Dealer Finance 
Impaired loans 

$             951   
1,396 
9,835 
               425 
                   3 
               129 
$        12,739 

-  $             951   
-
- 
-
1,396 
- 
-
9,835 
- 
               425 
- 
- 
                   3 
- 
               - 
                    - 
               129 
                    -                        -    $        12,739 

December 31, 2018 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

     Construction/Land Development 
     Real Estate 
     Consumer 
     Dealer Finance 
Impaired loans 

-
-

                    - 
                    - 

-  $          2,684 
- 
415 
6 
                    - 
               184 
                    -  $           3289 

$          2,684 
415 
6 
               184 
$          3,289 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 21           FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED): 

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2019 

Valuation Technique 

Significant Unobservable Inputs 

Range 

Impaired Loans  $                   12,739  Discounted appraised value  Discount for selling costs and 

marketability 

0%-58.98% 
(Average 24.04%) 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2018 

Valuation Technique 

Significant Unobservable Inputs 

Range 

Impaired Loans  $                     3,289  Discounted appraised value  Discount for selling costs and 

marketability 

2%-9% (Average 
4.21%) 

Other Real Estate Owned   

Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell. Valuation of other 
real  estate  owned  is  determined  using  current  appraisals  from  independent  parties,  a  level  three  input.  If  current 
appraisals cannot be obtained prior to reporting dates, or if declines in value are identified after a recent appraisal is 
received, appraisal values are discounted, resulting in Level 3 estimates. If the Company markets the property with a 
realtor, estimated selling costs reduce the fair value, resulting in a valuation based on Level 3 inputs. 

The Company markets other real estate owned both independently and with local realtors. Properties marketed by 
realtors are discounted by selling costs. Properties that the Company markets independently are not discounted by 
selling costs. 

The following table summarizes the Company’s other real estate owned that were measured at fair value on a 
nonrecurring basis during the period.  

December 31, 2019 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Other real estate owned 

$          1,489   

December 31, 2018 

Total 

Level 1 

Other real estate owned 

$          2,443 

-

-

-  $          1,489   

Level 2 

Level 3 

-  $          2,443 

The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2019 and 2018: 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2019 

Valuation Technique 

Significant Unobservable 
Inputs 

Range 

Other real estate owned  $                       1,489  Discounted appraised value  Discount for selling costs 

5%-10% (Average 8%)  

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2018 

Valuation Technique 

Significant Unobservable 
Inputs 

Range 

Other real estate owned  $                       2,443  Discounted appraised value  Discount for selling costs 

5%-15% (Average 8%)  

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 21           FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED) 

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s 
financial  instruments  as  of  December  31,  2019  and  2018.    For  short-term  financial  assets  such  as  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and short-term liabilities, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively 
short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.   For financial liabilities such as 
noninterest  bearing  demand,  interest  bearing  demand  and  savings  deposits,  the  carrying  amount  is  a  reasonable 
estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity.  Fair values for December 31, 2019 and 2018 
are  estimated  under  the  exit  price  notion  in  accordance  with  ASU  2016-01,  “Recognition  and  Measurement  of 
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.”   

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts (in thousands), of the Company’s financial instruments are 
as follows: 

(dollars in thousands) 

Assets: 

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 Using 
Quoted Prices in Active 
Markets for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant Other 
Observable 
Inputs (Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs (Level 3) 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2019 

Cash and cash equivalents 

$    75,804 

$75,804    $                           -    $                         -    $                    75,804   

Securities 

Loans held for sale 

4,490 

66,798 

Loans held for investment, net 

595,035 

Interest receivable 

2,044 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,490 

66,798 

- 

2,044 

- 

- 

580,903 

- 

4,490 

66,798 

580,903 

2,044 

Bank owned life insurance 

      20,050 

                                          - 

                   20,050 

                           - 

                      20,050 

Total 

Liabilities: 

Deposits 

Short-term debt 

Long-term debt 

Interest payable 

Total 

$  764,221  $                               75,804    $                 93,382    $             580,903    $                  750,089   

$  641,709   $                                        -    $               504,522    $             139,713    $                  644,235   

10,000 

53,201 

- 

- 

10,000 

- 

- 

53,543 

10,000 

53,543 

           354 

                                          - 

                         354 

                           - 

                           354 

$  705,264  $                                        - 

$               514,876    $             193,256    $                  708,132   

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 21           FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (CONTINUED) 

(dollars in thousands) 

Assets: 

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018 Using 
Quoted Prices in Active 
Markets for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant Other 
Observable 
Inputs (Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs (Level 3) 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 2018 

Cash and cash equivalents 

$    10,912  

$                             10,912 

$                           -    $                        -    $                    10,912 

Securities 

Loans held for sale 

    8,412  

    55,910  

                          -   

        8,412 

                        -   

                          -   

        55,910 

                        -   

Loans held for investment, net 

  633,559  

                          -   

                  -   

            613,717 

Interest receivable 

      2,078  

                          -   

2,078 

                        -   

8,412 

        55,910 

      613,717 

          2,078 

Bank owned life insurance 

      19,464 

                                         -   

                   19,464 

                          -                          19,464 

Total 

Liabilities: 

Deposits 

Short-term debt 

Long-term debt 

Interest payable 

Total 

$  730,335  

$                             10,912 

$                 85,864 

$            613,717   $                  710,493 

$591,325  

$                                       -    $               441,319 

$            153,848   $                  595,167 

    40,116  

    40,218  

                          -   

        40,116 

                        -   

                          -   

                  -   

              39,609  

        40,116 

        39,609 

           348 

                                         -                             348 

                          -                               348 

$  672,007   $                                      -   

$               481,783 

$            193,457   $                  675,240 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 22 

REGULATORY MATTERS 

The Company meets the eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s 
Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement issued in February 2015 and is not obligated to report consolidated 
regulatory capital.  The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking 
agencies.    Failure  to  meet  minimum  capital  requirements  can  initiate  certain  mandatory  and  possibly  additional 
discretionary  actions  by  regulators  that,  if  undertaken,  could  have  a  direct  material  effect  on  the  Bank’s  financial 
statements.  Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must 
meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off balance-
sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also 
subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. 

The final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. Banks (Basel 
III rules) became effective January 1, 2015, with full compliance of all the requirements being phased in over a multi-
year schedule and fully phased in on January 1, 2019.  Under the Basel III rules, the Company must hold a capital 
conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was 
fully phased  in  at 2.50%  January  1, 2019.  The  capital  conservation  buffer  for  2019 was 6.55%  and  for  2018  was 
6.44%. The net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and the unfunded pension liability are not included in 
computing regulatory capital.  

Quantitative  measures  established  by  regulation,  to  ensure  capital  adequacy,  require  the  Bank  to  maintain  minimum 
amounts  and  ratios.  These  ratios  are  defined  in  the  regulations  and  the  amounts  are  set  forth  in  the  table  below.  
Management believes, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to 
which they are subject. 

Community Bank Leverage Ratio 

On  September  17,  2019,  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation  finalized  a  rule  that  introduces  an  optional 
simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank 
leverage ratio (CBLR) framework), as required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection 
Act. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting 
risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework. 

In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a tier 1 leverage ratio of 
greater  than 9 percent,  less  than  $10  billion  in  total  consolidated  assets,  and  limited  amounts of  off-balance-sheet 
exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR 
framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio 
requirements under the Prompt Corrective Action regulations and will not be required to report or calculate risk-based 
capital. 

The  CBLR  framework  will  be  available  for  banks  to  use  in  their  March  31,  2020,  Call  Report.  The  Company  is 
currently evaluating whether to opt into the CBLR framework. 

As of the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank, the Bank was categorized as well capitalized under 
the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.  To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain 
minimum total risk based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table.  There are no conditions 
or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category. 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018  

NOTE 22 

REGULATORY MATTERS, CONTINUED 

The actual capital ratios for the Bank are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands): 

December 31, 2019 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount  

Ratio 

Actual  

Minimum Capital 
Requirement 

Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under 
Prompt Corrective Action Provisions 

Total risk-based ratio 
Tier 1 risk-based ratio 
Common equity tier 1 
Tier 1 leverage ratio 

$  96,619   
88,319 
88,319 
88,319 

14.55%  $        53,116   
39,837 
13.30% 
29,877 
13.30% 
32,452 
10.89% 

8.00% 
6.00% 
4.50% 
4.00% 

$                 66,394   
53,116 
43,156 
40,565 

10.00% 
8.00% 
6.50% 
5.00% 

December 31, 2018 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount 

Ratio 

Amount  

Ratio 

Actual  

Minimum Capital 
Requirement 

Minimum to be Well Capitalized Under 
Prompt Corrective Action Provisions 

Total risk-based ratio 
Tier 1 risk-based ratio 
Common equity tier 1 
Tier 1 leverage ratio 

$  95,335 
90,095 
90,095 
90,095 

14.41%  $        52,915 
39,686 
13.62% 
29,764 
13.62% 
30,639 
11.76% 

8.00% 
6.00% 
4.50% 
4.00% 

$                 66,143 
52,915 
42,993 
38,299 

10.00% 
8.00% 
6.50% 
5.00% 

NOTE 23 

BUSINESS SEGMENTS: 

Revenues: 

Interest Income 

F&M Bank 

F&M 
Mortgage 

TEB 
Life/FMFS 

VSTitle 

Parent 
Only 

Eliminations 

F&M Bank Corp. 
Consolidated 

December 31, 2019 

$             38,110    $           183    $                  164    $                 -    $                - 

$             (247)

$38,210   

Service charges on deposits 

Investment services and insurance income 

Mortgage banking income, net 

Title insurance income 

1,691 

2 

- 

- 

-

-

3,031

-

-

694

-

-

-

-

-

1,503

- 

- 

- 

- 

-

(19)

-

-

1,691

677

3,031

1,503

Other operating income 

                 3,011 

                 7

                       -

                   -

                 - 

                      -

                      3,018

Total income 
Expenses: 

Interest Expense 

Provision for loan losses 

Salaries and benefits 

42,814 

          3,221

                   858

1,503

6,851 

7,405 

214

-

-

-

-

-

13,943 

1,897

285

1,026

- 

- 

- 

- 

(266)

(247)

-

-

48,130

6,818

7,405

17,151

Other operating expenses 

               11,274 

             726

                     67

              266

              53 

                 (19)

                    12,367

Total expense 

               39,473 

          2,837

                   352

           1,292

              53 

               (266)

                    43,741

Income before income taxes 

                 3,341 

             384

                   506

              211

           (53) 

                      -

                      4,389

Income tax expense (benefit) 

(356) 

-

                     65

-

41 

-

(250)

Net income 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling 
interest 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank 
Corp. 

Total Assets 

Goodwill 

$               3,697    $           384    $                  441    $             211    $          (94) 

$                  -

$                     4,639   

- 

(130)

-

51

(51) 

-

(130)

$               3,697    $           254

$                 441    $             160    $          (43) 

$                   -    $                     4,509   

$           818,273    $        7,980    $               7,591    $          1,504    $      91,093    $      (112,444)    $                 813,999   

$               2,670    $             47    $                      -    $                 3

$           164    $                    -    $                     2,884   

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 

NOTE 23 

BUSINESS SEGMENTS (CONTINUED): 

December 31, 2018 

F&M Bank 

F&M 
Mortgage 

TEB 
Life/FMFS 

VSTitle 

Parent 
Only 

Eliminations 

F&M Bank Corp. 
Consolidated 

Revenues: 
Interest Income 

$             36,219   $           139 

$                  144 

 $               -    $               -  

$             (125) 

$                   36,377 

Service charges on deposits 

1,496  

Investment services and insurance income 

Mortgage banking income, net 

Title insurance income 

 -  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 2,348 

 -   

 -   

 918 

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 (19)   

 -   

                 (36)   

 1,294 

 -   

 -   

 1,496 

 899 

 2,312 

 1,294 

Other operating income 

                 2,002  

                  - 

                        -   

                  -   

                 -   

                      -   

                       2,002 

Total income 

Expenses: 
Interest Expense 

Provision for loan losses 

Salaries and benefits 

               39,717  

          2,487 

                 1,062 

            1,294 

                 -  

               (180) 

                     44,380 

 4,839  

 2,930   

 118 

 -   

 -   

 -   

- 

 -   

 13,153  

 2,004 

 579 

 700 

 -   

 -   

 -   

 (125) 

 -   

 -   

 4,832 

 2,930   

 16,436 

Other operating expenses 

                 9,448  

             332 

                      56 

               442 

               49 

                 (19)   

                     10,308 

Total expense 

               30,370  

          2,454 

                    635 

            1,142  

               49  

               (144) 

                     34,506 

Income before income taxes 

               9,347 

              33 

                    427 

               152 

            (49) 

                 (36) 

                       9,874 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

                    952  

                  - 

                      57 

                    - 

               32 

                      - 

                       1,041 

Net income 

$               8,395  

$            33 

$                  370    $             152 

$          (81) 

$               (36)    $                     8,833 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling 
interest 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank 
Corp. 
Total Assets 

                        - 

            (10) 

                        - 

                 36 

                 - 

                 (36) 

                          (10) 

$               8,395 

$             23 

$                  370 

$             116 

$          (81) 

$                    - 

$                    8,823 

$           782,273 

$        7,449 

$               7,237 

$             458 

$      91,072   $      (108,746) 

$                 779,743 

Goodwill 

$               2,670   $             48 

$                      - 

$                 2 

$           164  

$                    - 

$                     2,884 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 24 

PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: 

Balance Sheets 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

Assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Other investments  
Income tax receivable (including due from subsidiary)
Goodwill and intangibles 
Total Assets 
Liabilities 
Deferred income taxes 
Accrued expenses 
Total Liabilities 
Stockholders’ Equity 
Preferred stock par value $25 per share, 400,000 shares authorized, 
206,660 and 249,860 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 
2018, respectively. 
Common stock par value $5 per share, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 
3,208.498 and 3,213,132 shares issued and outstanding for 2019 and 
2018, respectively 
Additional paid in capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaires
Total Stockholders' Equity 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 

2019 

2018 

$                       540  $                       749
89,468
88,864 
135
135 
946
                     1,904 
                        274 
                         327
$                  91,717    $                  91,625

151
108 
                          34 
                           73
$                       142  $                       224

$                    4,592    $                    5,672 

16,042 

           16,066 

7,987
7,510 
65,086
66,008 
                   (3,969)
                  (3,211) 
559
634 
                   91,575 
                    91,401
$                  91,717    $                  91,625 

Statements of Income 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 

Income 
Dividends from affiliate 
Total Income 

Expenses 
Total Expenses 
Net income before income tax expense  
and undistributed subsidiary net income 

2019 

2018 

$                     6,000  $                     8,874
                       8,874
                      6,000 

                           53 

                            49

5,947 

8,825

Income Tax Expense 

                           41 

                            32

Income before undistributed subsidiary net income
Undistributed subsidiary net income  
Net Income F&M Bank Corp. 

5,906 
8,793
                            30
                   (1,397) 
$                     4,509    $                     8,823 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 24 

PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED): 

Statements of Cash Flows 
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 
Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net 
cash provided by operating activities: 
Undistributed subsidiary income 
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 
Increase in other assets 
Decrease in other liabilities 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 
Repurchase of preferred stock 
Repurchase of common stock 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 
Dividends paid in cash 
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities 

2019 

2018 

$                  4,509    $                  8,823 

1,397 
(5) 
(905) 
                      (38) 
                    4,958 

(30) 
235 
            (576) 
                      (13) 
                    8,439 

                           - 

                          - 

(42) 
(1,798) 
259 
                 (3,587) 
                 (5,167) 

(2,788) 
(1,782) 
266 
                 (4,303) 
                 (8,607) 

Net (decrease) increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

(209) 

(168) 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year 

                       749 
                    917 
$                     540    $                     749 

NOTE 25 

INVESTMENT IN F&M MORTGAGE, LLC 

On November 3, 2008, the Bank acquired a 70% ownership interest in VBS Mortgage, LLC (DBA F&M Mortgage). 
F&M Mortgage originates both conventional and government sponsored mortgages for sale in the secondary market. 
Accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of F&M Mortgage and reflected 
the issued and outstanding interest not held by the Company in its consolidated financial statements as noncontrolling 
interest. 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 26 

INVESTMENT IN VSTITLE, LLC 

On  January  1,  2017,  the  Company  acquired  a  76%  ownership  interest  in  VSTitle,  LLC  (VST).  VST  provides  title 
insurance services to the customers in our market area, including F&M Mortgage and the Bank.  F&M Mortgage is the 
minority owner in VST and accordingly, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of VST 
as of December 31, 2019 and 2018,  however there is no noncontrolling interest reflected as the 24% is included in VBS 
Mortgage’s operating results.  On January 1, 2018 VST purchased a small title company in Harrisonburg. 

NOTE 27   ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 

The balances in accumulated other comprehensive loss are shown in the following table: 

dollars in thousands 
Balance at December, 31, 2017 
  Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax

Unrealized 
Securities Gains 
(Losses) 
$                       (20)
                    (74) 

Accumulated 
Adjustments 
Other 
Related to 
Comprehensive 
Pension Plan 
Loss 
 $                  (4,142)
$           (4,122) 
                        -                              (74) 

  Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax

                         -   

                  247 

                          247

Balance at December, 31, 2018 

$                      (94)

$           (3,875) 

 $                  (3,969)

  Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax

87

87

  Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax

                         -

                   671 

                          671

Balance at December, 31, 2019 

$                     (7)

$            (3,204)   

 $                  (3,211)

There were no reclassifications adjustments reported on the consolidated statements of income during 2019 or 2018. 

NOTE 28   REVENUE RECOGNITION 

On  January  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  No.  2014-09 “Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers”  (Topic 
606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial 
instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees 
associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not 
in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as deposit related fees, 
interchange  fees,  merchant  income,  and  annuity  and  insurance  commissions.  However,  the  recognition  of  these 
revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue 
is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 28   REVENUE RECOGNITION (CONTINUED) 

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts  

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and 
public checking accounts), overdraft fees, monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. 
The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and 
the  related  revenue  recognized,  over  the  period  in  which  the  service  is  provided.  Check  orders  and  other  deposit 
account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, 
and  related  revenue  recognized,  at  a  point  in  time.  Payment  for  service  charges  on  deposit  accounts  is  primarily 
received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. 

Investment Services and Insurance Income 

Investment  services  and  insurance  income  primarily  consists  of  commissions  received  on  mutual  funds  and  other 
investment sales.  Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, 
which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation.  

Title Insurance Income  

VSTitle provides title insurance and real estate settlement services.  Revenue is recognized at the time the real estate 
transaction is completed. 

ATM and Check Card Fees 

ATM and Check Card Fees are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services 
income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned 
whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM 
fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder 
uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit 
and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees.  

Other 
Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other 
service charges. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon 
receipt  of  payment.  The  Company  determined  that  since  rentals  and  renewals  occur  fairly  consistently  over  time, 
revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation.  Other service charges 
include revenue from processing wire transfers, online payment fees, cashier’s checks, mobile banking fees and other 
services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, 
and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received 
immediately or in the following month. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 28  REVENUE RECOGNITION (CONTINUED) 

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, 
for December 31, 2019 and 2018.   

Noninterest Income 

In-scope of Topic 606: 

Service Charges on Deposits 

Investment Services and Insurance Income

Title Insurance Income 

ATM and check card fees 

Other 

Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

2019

2018

$                1,691     $                1,496 

678 

                      901 

1,503 

                   1,293 

1,760 

                   1,537 

                  1,195 

                      525 

6,826 

                   5,752 

Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)

                  3,094 

                   2,251 

Total Noninterest Income 

Contract Balances 

$                 9,920    $                 8,003 

A  contract  asset  balance  occurs  when  an  entity  performs  a  service  for  a  customer  before  the  customer  pays 
consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract 
liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received 
payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on 
transactional  activity.  Consideration  is  often  received  immediately  or  shortly  after  the  Company  satisfies  its 
performance  obligation  and  revenue  is  recognized.  The  Company  does  not  typically  enter  into  long-term  revenue 
contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2019 
and 2018, the Company did not have any significant contract balances. 

Contract Acquisition Costs 

In  connection  with  the  adoption  of  Topic  606,  an  entity  is  required  to  capitalize,  and  subsequently  amortize  into 
expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. 
The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer 
that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company 
utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset 
that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption 
of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 29   LEASES 

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that 
modified Topic 842. The Company elected the prospective application approach provided by ASU 2018-11 and did 
not adjust prior periods for ASC 842.  The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the standard and 
consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, did not 
reassess  the  lease  classification  for  any  expired  or  existing  leases,  and  did  not  reassess  any  initial  direct  costs  for 
existing leases.  As stated in the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K, the implementation of the new standard resulted in 
recognition of a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $1.03 million at the date of adoption, which is related to the 
Company’s lease of premises used in operations. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are included in other assets 
and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date 
as  the  net  present  value  of  the  remaining  contractual  cash  flows.    Cash  flows  are  discounted  at  the  Company’s 
incremental  borrowing  rate  in  effect  at  the  commencement  date  of  each  lease.    Right-of-use  assets  represent  the 
Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and 
if applicable, prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.  

The Company’s long-term lease agreements are classified as operating leases.  Certain of these leases offer the option 
to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liabilities to the 
extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised.  The lease agreements do not provide for residual value 
guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial 
obligations. 

The following tables present information about the Company’s leases: 

(Dollars in thousands) 

December 31, 2019 

Lease Liabilities (included in accrued and other liabilities) 

 $                                     917  

Right-of-use assets (included in other assets) 

 $                                     912  

Weighted average remaining lease term 

Weighted average discount rate 

Lease cost (in thousands) 

Operating lease cost 

Total lease cost 

6.26 years 

3.51% 

2019 

2018 

$                                      128  

$                               217 

$                                      128  

$                               217 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease 
liabilities 

$                                      148  

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F & M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (dollars in thousands) 
December 31, 2019 and 2018 

NOTE 29   LEASES (CONTINUED) 

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of operating 
lease liabilities is as follows: 

Lease payments due (in thousands) 
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2020
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2021
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2022
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2023
  Twelve months ending December 31, 2024
  Thereafter 
Total undiscounted cash flows 
Discount  
Lease liabilities 

As of  
December 31, 2019

128
110
105
93
92
627
1,155
(238)
917

$ 

$ 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders 
F&M Bank Corp. 
Timberville, Virginia 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries (the Company) 
as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes 
in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial 
statements (collectively, the financial statements).  In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material 
respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations 
and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway  Commission  in  2013,  and  our  report  dated  March  14,  2019  expressed  an  unqualified  opinion  on  the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Basis for Opinion 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.  Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to 
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in 
the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016. 

Winchester, Virginia                                                                                                    
 March 14, 2019 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders 
F&M Bank Corp. 
Timberville, Virginia 

Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
We have audited F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2018,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective 
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated 
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. 

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States) 
(PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, 
comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended of the Company, and the related 
notes to the consolidated financial statements, and our report dated March 14, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion. 

Basis for Opinion 
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment 
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control 
over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting 
based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to 
the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material 
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material 
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. 
Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our 
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain 
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets 
of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial 
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are 
being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable 
assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use  or  disposition of  the company's  assets  that 
could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because 
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 
Winchester, Virginia 
March 14, 2019 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

None. 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures  

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, 
including  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  is  responsible  for  maintaining 
disclosure records and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed 
or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the 
time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated 
to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.  

In  connection  with  the  preparation  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  management  evaluated  the  Company’s 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures.  The  evaluation  was  performed  under  the  direction  of  the  Company’s  Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to determine the effectiveness, as of December 31, 2019, of the design 
and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, at December 31, 2019 the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures were not effective due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described below.  

In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company identified a material weakness in the design effectiveness of its control 
environment. The material weakness resulted from the failure to design appropriate controls to identify in a timely 
manner a system input error that prevented the deferred costs associated with indirect dealer auto loans originated 
after a certain date from amortizing properly. Management determined this deficiency represents a material weakness 
in internal controls over financial reporting on the basis that it resulted in a correction of an immaterial error in prior 
period financial statements that if corrected in the current year would materially misstate the current year’s financial 
statements  included  in  the  Company’s  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019.  All 
necessary adjustments have been recorded and reported in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2019. 

Remediation  for  Reported  Material  Weakness.  The  Company  has  implemented  a  remediation  plan  to  address  the 
material weakness described above with respect to unamortized indirect dealer finance commissions. To address the 
material weakness, the Company analyzed all data inputs required by the core processing system in order to accurately 
amortize commissions paid to dealers for indirect auto loans. As of the date of this filing, the system inputs have been 
verified for all active loans to ensure amortization is being calculated and recorded appropriately.  

Changes  in  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting.  Except  as  disclosed  above,  there  were  no  changes  in  the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2019 that 
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, the Company believes that no system of controls, 
no matter how well designed and operated, can provide absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected.  

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  Management is responsible for the preparation 
and fair presentation of the financial statements included in the annual report.  The financial statements have been 
prepared  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  and  reflect 
management’s  judgements  and  estimates  concerning  effects  of  events  and  transactions  that  are  accounted  for  or 
disclosed.  

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. 
The  Company's  internal  control over  financial  reporting  includes  those policies  and procedures  that pertain  to  the 
Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable financial data. Management recognizes that there 
are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility 
of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even effective internal control 
over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, 
because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time. 
In  order  to  ensure  that  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  effective,  management  regularly 
assesses such controls and did so most recently for its financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. This assessment 
was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control Integrated 
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO, 2013) of the Treadway Commission. Based 
on this assessment, management concluded the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective 
as of December 31, 2019. 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited 
by Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm which also audited the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Yount, Hyde & Barbour’s attestation 
report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and 
Supplemental Data” on this Form 10-K.  

Item 9B.  Other Information  

None. 

PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

Information  regarding  directors,  executive  officers  and  the  audit  committee  financial  expert  is  incorporated  by 
reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders 
to be held May 2, 2020 (“Proxy Statement”), under the captions  “Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors and 
Committees,” and “Executive Officers.”  

Information on Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance for the directors and executive officers of the 
Company  is  incorporated  by  reference  from  the  Proxy  Statement  under  the  caption  “Section  16(a)  Beneficial 
Ownership Reporting Compliance.”  

The Company has adopted a broad based code of ethics for all employees and directors. The Company has also adopted 
a code of ethics tailored to senior officers who have financial responsibilities. A copy of the codes may be obtained 
without charge by request from the corporate secretary.  

Item 11.  Executive Compensation  

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Executive Compensation.”  

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters  

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ownership of Company 
Common Stock” and “Executive Compensation” and from Item 5 of this 10-K.  

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Directors Independence  

This information is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement under the caption “Interest of Directors and 
Officers in Certain Transactions.”  

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services  

This  information  is  incorporated  by  reference  from  the  Proxy  Statement  under  the  caption  “Principal  Accounting 
Fees.”  

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV 

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 

The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report: 

(a)(1)  Financial Statements  

The following consolidated financial statements and reports of independent auditors of the Company are in Part II, 
Item 8 on pages 43 thru 97: 

Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2019 and 2018 ..................................................................................... 43 
Consolidated Statements of Income - Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 ...................................................... 44 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 ............................ 45 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 2019, 
   2018 and 2017……………………………………………………………………………………………………....46 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2019, 
  2018 and 2017 .......................................................................................................................................................... 47 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .......................................................................................................... 48 
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms ..................................................................................... 96 

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules 

All schedules are omitted since they are not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the 
consolidated financial statements or notes thereto. 

(a)(3) Exhibits 

The following exhibits are filed as a part of this form 10-K: 

Exhibit No. 
3.1 

3.2 

3.2 

Restated Articles of Incorporation of F & M Bank Corp., incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank 
Corp.’s, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed November 14, 2013. 
Articles  of  Amendment  to  the  Articles  of  Incorporation  of  F&M  Bank  Corp.  designating  the  Series  A 
Preferred Stock incorporated herein by reference from F&M Bank Corp,’s current report on Form 8-K filed 
December 4, 2014. 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of F & M Bank Corp., incorporated herein by reference from F & M Bank 
Corp.’s, Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2002. 

4.1          Description of Securities (filed herewith) 
10.1 

10.2 

10.3 

10.4 

Change in Control Severance Plan, incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to F&M Bank Corp.’s 
Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed December 22, 2010. 
VBA  Executives  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Farmers  &  Merchants  Bank,  incorporated  herein  by 
reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 28, 2014.  
VBA Directors Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Farmers & Merchants Bank, incorporated 
herein by reference from F & M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 28, 2014.  
Separation Agreement and General Release, by and between Farmers and Merchants Bank and Neil W. 
Hayslett, incorporated herein by reference from F&M Bank Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
November 1, 2019. 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant  
21.0 
Consent of Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C. 
23.1 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
31.1 
31.2 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-

101 

Oxley Act of 2002. 
The following materials from F&M Bank Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 
31, 2019, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance 
Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
and (vi) related notes (furnished herewith).  

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV 

Item 16  Form 10-K Summary 

Not Required 

Shareholders may obtain, free of charge, a copy of the exhibits to this Report on Form 10-K by writing Stephanie 
E. Shillingburg, Corporate Secretary, at F & M Bank Corp., P.O. Box 1111, Timberville, VA 22853 or our website 
at www.fmbankva.com. 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES 

F & M Bank Corp. 
(Registrant) 

By: 

/s/ Mark C. Hanna 
Mark C. Hanna 
Director and Chief Executive Officer 

By: 

/s/ Carrie A. Comer 
Carrie A. Comer 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

Date 

Date 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and as of the date indicated. 

Signature 

Larry A. Caplinger 

John N. Crist 

Dean W. Withers 

Daniel J. Harshman 

Michael W. Pugh  

Christopher S. Runion 

E. Ray Burkholder 

Peter H. Wray 

Anne Keeler 

Title 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Date 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

Director, Chair 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

March 16, 2020 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 21 List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant 

  Farmers & Merchants Bank (incorporated in Virginia) 
    VSTitle, LLC (a Virginia Limited Liability Company) 
  TEB Life Insurance Company (incorporated in Arizona), a subsidiary of Farmers & Merchants Bank 
  Farmers & Merchants Financial Services (incorporated in Virginia), a subsidiary of Farmers & Merchants Bank 
  VBS  Mortgage,  LLC,  DBA  F&M  Mortgage  (a  Virginia  Limited  Liability  Company),  a  subsidiary  of  Farmers  & 

Merchants Bank 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES 

Exhibit 4.1 

As of December 31, 2019, the common stock, par value $5.00 per share, was the only class of securities of F&M Bank 
Corp. (the “Company”) registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

The following section describes the general terms and provisions of the shares of the Company’s common stock. You 
should read the Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws for additional information about the common stock. 
The articles of incorporation and bylaws are included as exhibits to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, to 
which this exhibit also is attached. 

General 

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 6,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $5.00 per share, and 
2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $5.00 per share. As of December 31, 2019, there were 3,208,498 shares 
of common stock outstanding and 206,660 shares of preferred stock outstanding. 

Common Stock 

Dividend Rights. The Company may pay dividends as declared from time to time by the board out of funds that are 
legally available, subject to certain restrictions imposed by state and federal laws. 

Voting Rights. In all elections of directors, a shareholder has the right to cast one vote for each share of stock held by 
him or her for as many persons as there are directors to be elected. The Company does do not have cumulative voting 
rights. On any other question to be determined by a vote of shares at any meeting of shareholders, each shareholder is 
entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her and entitled to vote. 

Preemptive Rights. Holders of common stock do not have preemptive rights with respect to issues of common stock.  

Liquidation Rights. Upon liquidation, after payment of all creditors, the remaining assets of the Company would be 
distributed to the holders of common stock on a pro-rata basis, subject to the rights of the holders of any share of the 
Company’s preferred stock that may be issued from time to time. 

Calls and Assessments. All common stock outstanding is fully paid and non-assessable. 

Preferred Stock 

The Company’s board of directors may, from time to time, by action of a majority, issue shares of the authorized, 
undesignated  preferred  stock,  in  one  or  more  class  or  series.  In  connection  with  any  such  issuance,  the  board  of 
directors may by resolution determine the designation, voting rights, preferences as to dividends, in liquidation or 
otherwise, participation, redemption, sinking fund, conversion, dividend or other special rights or powers, and the 
limitations, qualifications and restrictions of such shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 
2,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $5.00 per share, and the only class or series of preferred 
stock created or designated by the Company’s board of directors was 400,000 shares designated as 5.10% Series A 
Noncumulative Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).  As of December 31, 2019, 
206,660 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were outstanding.   

The preferences and other terms of any series of preferred stock will be fixed by an amendment to the Company’s 
articles of incorporation designating the terms of that series. Because the Company’s board of directors has the power 
to establish the preferences and rights of each series of preferred stock, it may afford the holders of any series of 
preferred stock preferences and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of the Company’s common 
stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any shares of preferred stock upon the rights of 
holders  of  common  stock  until  the  Company’s  board  of  directors  determines  the  specific  rights  of  the  holders  of 
preferred stock. However, the effects might include:  

Exhibit 4.1, continued 

105 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

restricting dividends on the Company’s common stock; 
diluting the voting power of the Company’s common stock; 
impairing liquidation rights of the Company’s common stock; or 
discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company without further action by its 
shareholders. 

Certain Provisions of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws  

General. The following is a summary of the material provisions of the Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws 
that address matters of corporate governance and the rights of shareholders. In addition, Virginia has two antitakeover 
statutes,  the  Affiliated  Transactions  Statute  and  the  Control  Share  Acquisitions  Statute,  that  could  make  it  more 
difficult for another party to acquire the Company without the approval of the Company’s board of directors.  Certain 
of these provisions may delay or prevent takeover attempts not first approved by the Company’s board of directors 
(including takeovers which certain shareholders may deem to be in their best interests). These provisions also could 
delay or frustrate the removal of incumbent directors or the assumption of control by certain shareholders. 

Issuance of  Additional Shares.   The  Company’s  board  of  directors  may  issue  additional  authorized shares of  the 
Company’s capital stock to deter future attempts to gain control of the Company, and the board has the authority to 
determine the terms of any one or more series of preferred stock, such as voting rights, conversion rates, and liquidation 
preferences. As a result of the ability to fix voting rights for a series of preferred stock, the board has the power, to the 
extent consistent with its fiduciary duty, to issue a series of preferred stock to persons friendly to management in order 
to attempt to block a merger or other transaction by which a third party seeks control, and thereby assist the incumbent 
board of directors and management to retain their respective positions. 

No Cumulative Voting.  The Company’s articles of incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election 
of directors. 

Advance Notice for Shareholder Proposals or Nominations at Meetings.  The Company’s bylaws also prescribe the 
procedure a shareholder must follow to nominate directors or to bring other business before shareholders’ meetings. 
For a shareholder to nominate a candidate for director or to bring other business before a meeting, notice must be 
received by the Company not less than 60 days and not more than 90 days prior to the date of the meeting; provided, 
that if less than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the meeting date is given, then the shareholder’s notice 
must be received by the Company not less than 10 days following the Company’s notice or public disclosure.  Notice 
of a nomination for director must describe various matters regarding the nominee and the shareholder giving the notice.  
Notice of other business to be brought before the meeting must include a description of the proposed business, the 
reasons therefor and other specified matters. 

Classified Board of Directors.  The Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws currently provide that the board 
of directors shall be divided into three classes as nearly equal in number as possible. The members of each class are 
elected for a term of three years and until their successors are elected and qualified.  As a result, approximately one 
third of the members of the board of directors are elected each year, and two annual meetings are required for the 
Company’s shareholders to change a majority of the members constituting the board of directors. 

Special  Voting  Provisions.    The  Company’s  articles  of  incorporation  currently  provide  that,  unless  the  following 
actions  have  been  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  Company’s  directors  as  described  in  further  detail  below,  the 
affirmative vote of the holders of more than two-thirds of the Company’s capital stock, issued, outstanding and entitled 
to vote shall be required to approve the following actions: 

 
 

 

 

 

any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other corporation; or 
any  share  exchange  in  which  a  corporation,  person  or  entity  acquires  the  issued  or  outstanding  shares  of 
capital stock of the Company pursuant to a vote of shareholders; or 
any issuance of shares of the Company that results in an acquisition of control of the Company by any person, 
firm or corporation or group of one or more thereof that previously did not control the Company; or 
any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or other transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, of 
all, or substantially all, of the assets of the Company to any other corporation, person or entity; or 
the adoption of a plan for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company proposed by any other corporation, 
person or entity. 

106 

Exhibit 4.1, continued 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
If any of the transactions identified above, or having a similar effect as any of the foregoing transactions, is with a 
corporation, person or entity that is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than 5% of the Company’s 
shares of capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote, then the affirmative vote of the holders of 80% of the 
shares of the Company’s capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote shall be required to approve any of such 
transactions, unless the following actions have been approved by a majority of the Company’s directors as described 
in further detail below. 

These special voting provisions shall not apply to a transaction which is approved in advance by a majority of directors 
(i) who were directors before the corporation, person or entity acquired beneficial ownership of 5% or more of the 
shares of the Company’s capital stock and who are not affiliates of such corporation, person or entity and (ii) who 
became directors at the recommendation of directors referred to in (i) above. 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 23.1 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements (No. 333‐160715) on Form S‐1 and 
Form S‐8 (No. 333‐159074) of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries of our reports, dated March 14, 2019, relating 
to our audits of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, appearing in 
the Annual Report on Form 10‐K of F&M Bank Corp. and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018.   

/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.  

Winchester, Virginia 
March 14, 2019 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1 

CERTIFICATION 
OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 
Pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
(Chapter 63, Title 18 USC Section 1350 (A) and (B) 

I, Mark C. Hanna, certify that:  

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of F & M Bank Corp; 

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 
a  material  fact  necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;  

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  the  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  of  the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;  

4.  The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and 
have:  

(a)  designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to 
be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including 
its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the 
period in which this report is being prepared;  

(b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial    

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)  evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this 
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of 
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and as of a date within 90 days prior to the 
filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and  

(d)  disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and  

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board 
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):  

(a)  all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 
financial  reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  registrant’s  ability  to  record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and  

(b)  any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant 

role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting. 

Date: March 16, 2020 

/s/ Mark C. Hanna 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Mark C. Hanna 
Chief Executive Officer 

A  signed  original  of  this  written  statement  required  by  Section  302  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  has  been 
provided to F & M Bank Corp. and will be retained by F & M Bank Corp. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange 
Commission or its staff upon request. 

110 

 
  
 
Exhibit 31.2 

CERTIFICATION 
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 
Pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
(Chapter 63, Title 18 USC Section 1350 (A) and (B) 

I, Carrie A. Comer, certify that:  

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of F & M Bank Corp; 

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 
a  material  fact  necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;  

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  the  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  of  the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;  

4.  The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and 
have:  

(a)  designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to 
be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including 
its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the 
period in which this report is being prepared;  

(b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial    

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this 
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of 
the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and as of a date within 90 days prior to the 
filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and  

(d)    disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and  

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board 
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):  

(a)  all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 
financial  reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  registrant’s  ability  to  record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and  

(b)  any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant 

role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting. 

Date: March 16, 2020 

/s/ Carrie A. Comer 

Carrie A. Comer 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

A  signed  original  of  this  written  statement  required  by  Section  302  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  has  been 
provided to F & M Bank Corp. and will be retained by F & M Bank Corp. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange 
Commission or its staff upon request. 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Exhibit 32.1 

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted  
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002  

In connection with the Annual Report of F & M Bank Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending 
December  31, 2019  as  filed with  the  Securities  and Exchange  Commission on  the date  hereof (the  “Report”),  the 
undersigned Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 
§1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that based on their knowledge and belief: 1) 
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and 
2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results 
of operations of the Company as of and for the periods covered in the Report.  

/s/ Mark C. Hanna 
Mark C. Hanna 
Chief Executive Officer 

/s/ Carrie A. Comer 
Carrie A. Comer 
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 

March 16, 2020 

107