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FedNat Company

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Employees 201-500
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FY2015 Annual Report · FedNat Company
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549 
FORM 10-K 

Annual Report Pursuant To Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 
or 
Transition Report Pursuant To Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
For the transition period of _____________to_______________ 
Commission file number:  000-25001 

Federated National Holding Company 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter) 

Florida 
(State or other jurisdiction of 
incorporation or organization) 

65-0248866 
(I.R.S. Employer 
Identification No) 

14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, Florida 33323 
(Address of principal executive offices)       (Zip Code) 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 

800-293-2532 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: 

Title of Each Class                                                 Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered 

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share                                    NASDAQ Global Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: 
None 

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  Registrant  is  a  well-known  seasoned  issuer,  as  defined  in  Rule 405  of  the  Securities  Act.  

Yes  No  

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  Registrant  is  not  required  to  file  reports  pursuant  to  Section  13  or  Section  15(d)  of  the  Act.  

Yes  No 


Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and 
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  No  


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has electronically submitted and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every 
Interactive  Data  File  required  to  be  submitted  and  posted  pursuant  to  Rule  405 of  Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of this  chapter)  during  the 
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).          Yes  No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will 
not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of 
this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller 
reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the 
Exchange Act.   

Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer  Smaller reporting company  

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YesNo   

The  aggregate  market  value  of  the  Registrant’s  common  stock  held  by  non-affiliates  was  $312,306,493  on  June  30,  2015, 

computed on the basis of the closing sale price of the Registrant’s common stock on that date. 

As of March 7, 2016, the total number of common shares outstanding of Registrant's common stock was 14,241,207.  

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Certain  information  required  by  Part  III  of  this  Form  10-K  will  be  incorporated  by  reference  from  the  Registrant's  definitive  proxy 
statement or included in a Form 10-K/A that will be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 

PART I 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 

ITEM 1 

BUSINESS…………………………………………………………………………………………………...1 

ITEM 1A 

RISK FACTORS…………………………………………………………………………….……………..10 

ITEM 1B 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS…………………………………………………….…………….20 

ITEM  2 

PROPERTIES………………………………………………………………………………….…………..20 

ITEM 3 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS………………………………………………………………………………....20 

ITEM 4 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES………………………………….………………………………...……20 

PART II 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 

ITEM 5 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES…………………………………………………………………21 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

ITEM 6 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA…………………………………………………………………...……24 

ITEM 7 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..25 

ITEM 7A 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK……..…….…..34 

ITEM 8 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA………………………………….......35 

ITEM 9 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE…………………………………………………………………………………………….......66 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 

ITEM 9A 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES……………………………………………………………………...66 

ITEM 9B 

OTHER INFORMATION………………………………………………………………………………..66 

PART III 

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...67 

ITEM 10 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE…………………...67 

ITEM 11 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION………………………………………………………………………..67 

ITEM 12 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS……………………………………………………………………………...….67 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

ITEM 13 
INDEPENDENCE…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…..67 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 

ITEM 14 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES…………………………………………….…..67 

PART IV 

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...67 

ITEM 15 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES……………………………………………….67 

SIGNATURES  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PART I  

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS  

This  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  contains  forward-looking  statements  within  the  meaning  of  Section  27A  of  the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, 
or the Exchange Act. These statements are therefore entitled to the protection of the safe harbor provisions of these laws. These 
statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” 
“continue,”  “could,”  “envision,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “forecast,”  “guidance,”  “indicate,”  “intend,”  “may,”  “might,”  “outlook,” 
“plan,” “possibly,” “potential,” “predict,” “probably,” “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” “will 
be,” “will continue” or the negative thereof  or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. We have based these forward-
looking  statements  on  our  current  expectations,  assumptions,  estimates  and  projections.  While  we  believe  these  expectations, 
assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve a number 
of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors may cause our actual results, 
performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by 
these forward-looking statements. Management cautions that the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assume that such statements will be realized or the forward-
looking events and circumstances will occur. Factors that might cause  such a difference include, without limitation, the risks and 
uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” in this Annual Form 10-K, and discussed from time to time in our reports filed with 
the SEC.  

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. 
The forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference into this Annual Form 10-K are made only as of the date 
hereof. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the 
results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments.  

ITEM 1   

BUSINESS  

GENERAL 

Federated  National  Holding  Company  (“FNHC”,  “Company”,  “we”,  “us”),  is  an  insurance  holding  company  that 
controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our 
contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents.   We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through 
our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’  multi-peril (“homeowners”), commercial general liability, federal flood, personal 
auto and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ 
products and our other services through a network of independent agents.  

Our wholly owned insurance  subsidiary  is  Federated National Insurance  Company (“FNIC”), which  is  licensed  as  an 
admitted  carrier  in  Florida,  Alabama,  Louisiana  and  South  Carolina.  We  also  serve  as  managing  general  agent  for  Monarch 
National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture, described below, and is licensed 
as  an  admitted  carrier  in  Florida.  An  admitted  carrier  is  an  insurance  company  that  has  received  a  license  from  the  state 
department of insurance giving the company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are 
also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical 
practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to 
pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due their policyholders.  

Monarch National Insurance Company Joint Venture 

On  March  19,  2015,  the  Company  entered  into  a  joint  venture  to  organize  MNIC,  which  received  its  certificate  of 
authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the 
“Florida OIR”).  The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings Inc., a 
publicly  traded  Canadian  private  equity  firm  and  asset  manager  (“Crosswinds”);  and  Transatlantic  Reinsurance  Company 
(“TransRe”). 

The  Company  and  Crosswinds  each  invested  $14.0  million  in  Monarch  Delaware  Holdings,  LLC  (“Monarch 
Delaware”), the indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting 
interests  in  Monarch  Delaware).    TransRe  invested  $5.0  million  in  debt  evidenced  by  a  six-year  promissory  note  bearing  6% 
annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware 
and the direct parent company of MNIC. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In connection with the organization of MNIC, the parties entered into the following agreements dated as of March 

17, 2015: 

  MNIC  entered  into  a  Managing  General  Agent  and  Claims  Administration  Agreement  (the  “Monarch  MGA 
Agreement”) with FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which 
FNU provides underwriting, accounting, reinsurance placement and claims administration services to Monarch.  For its 
services  under  the  Monarch  MGA  Agreement,  FNU  will  receive  4%  of  Monarch’s  total  written  annual  premium, 
excluding acquisition expenses payable to agents, for FNU’s managing general agent services; 3.6% of Monarch’s total 
earned  annual premium  for  FNU’s claims administration services; and a per-policy administrative fee of $25 for each 
policy underwritten for Monarch.  The Company will also receive an annual expense reimbursement for accounting and 
related services. 

  MNIC, MNHC and Monarch Delaware (collectively, the “Monarch Entities”) entered into an Investment Management 
Agreement  (the  “Monarch  Investment  Agreement”)  with  Crosswinds  AUM  LLC,  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of 
Crosswinds  (“Crosswinds  AUM”),  pursuant  to  which  Crosswinds  AUM  will  manage  the  investment  portfolios  of  the 
Monarch Entities.  The management fee, on an annual basis, is 0.75% of assets under management up to $100 million; 
0.50%  of  assets  under  management  of  more  than  $100  million  but  less  than  $200  million;  and  0.30%  of  assets  under 
management of more than $200 million. 

  MNIC  also  entered  into  a  Reinsurance  Capacity  Right  of  First  Refusal  Agreement  with  TransRe,  pursuant  to  which 
TransRe  has  a  right  of  first  refusal  for  all  quota  share  and  excess  of  loss  reinsurance  that  Monarch  Insurance  deems 
necessary  in  its  sole  discretion  for  so  long  as  TransRe  remains  a  member  of  Monarch  Delaware  or  the  MNHC  debt 
remains  outstanding.    Pursuant  to  this  agreement,  TransRe  has  the  right  to  provide,  at  market  rates  and  terms,  a 
maximum of 15% of any reinsurance coverage obtained by Monarch Delaware in any individual reinsurance contract. 

  The Company’s CEO and CFO hold their respective positions with Monarch Entities while they remain employed by the 

Company. 

Monarch  Entities  are  consolidated  as  a  variable interest entity (“VIE”)  in  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial 
statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.  Refer to notes 1 and 14 set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements 
and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the accounting and consolidation of the joint 
venture. 

Executive Offices 

Our executive offices are located at 14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, Florida 33323 and our telephone 

number is (800) 293-2532. 

Available Information 

Our internet web site is www.FedNat.com for policy holders, agents and investors. Our annual reports on Form 10-
K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form  10-Q,  current  reports  on  Form  8-K  and  amendments  to  such  reports  are  available,  free  of 
charge,  through  our  website  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  we  electronically  file  or  furnish  such  material  to  the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Further, a copy of this annual report on Form 10-K is located at the SEC’s 
Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference 
Room  can  be  obtained  by  calling  the  SEC  at  1-800-SEC-0330.  The  SEC  maintains  an  internet  site  that  contains  reports, 
proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.  

INSURANCE OPERATIONS AND RELATED SERVICES 

Business Strategy 

We expect that in 2016 we will capitalize on our operational efficiencies and business practices through: 

 

 

improved  property  analytical  qualities  such  as  a  broader  geographical  dispersion  of  risks  throughout  the 
southeast United States and avoiding risks that do not yield an underwriting profit; 

continued expansion of our homeowners’ and private passenger automobile insurance products into additional 
states; 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

employing our business practices developed and used in Florida in our expansion to other states; 

  maintaining a commitment to provide high quality customer service to our agents and insureds; 

 

 

 

 

expansion of our marketing efforts by retaining key personnel and implementing direct marketing technologies; 

offering attractive incentives to our agents to place a high volume of quality business with our companies; 

cede our insurance risk through reinsurance treaties; and 

additional strategies that may include possible mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures or dispositions of assets 
(such as the MNIC joint venture).  

MNIC  expands  our  ability  to  provide  insurance  policies  in  Florida.    Additionally,  it  strengthens  our  relationships 

with our partner agents. 

Overview of Insurance Lines of Business  

Homeowners’ Property and Casualty Insurance  

FNIC and MNIC underwrite homeowners’ insurance in Florida and FNIC also underwrites insurance in Alabama, 
Louisiana  and  South  Carolina.  Homeowners’  insurance  generally  protects  an  owner  of  real  and  personal  property  against 
covered  causes  of  loss  to  that  property.  The  homeowners’  policies  in-force  totaled  approximately  254,105  and  182,557  at 
December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  

Our  homeowners’  insurance  products  provide  maximum  dwelling  coverage  in  the  amount  of  approximately  $3.8 
million, with the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $6.5 million. We currently offer dwelling coverage 
“A” up to $4.0 million with an aggregate total insured value of $6.5 million. We continually subject these limits to review; 
during 2015, coverage “A” was increased by $1.0 million and total insured value increased by $1.5 million. The approximate 
average premium on the policies currently in-force is $1,758, as compared with $1,840 for 2014. The typical deductible is 
either  $2,500  or  $1,000  for  non-hurricane-related  claims  and  generally  2%  of  the  coverage  amount  for  the  structure  for 
hurricane-related claims.   

Premium  rates  charged  to  our  homeowners’  insurance  policyholders  are  continually  evaluated  to  assure  that  they 
meet the expectation that they are actuarially sound and produce a reasonable level of profit (neither excessive, inadequate or 
discriminatory).  Premium  rates  in  Florida  and  other  states  are  regulated  and  approved  by  the  respective  states’  office  of 
insurance  regulation.    In  2015,  there  were  no  rate  increases  or  decreases  in  our  voluntary  property  book  of  homeowners’ 
business in FNIC or MNIC.  As of the date of this Report, the Company has applied with the Florida OIR for a rate increase 
of 5.6% for FNIC and a rate decrease of 12% for MNIC for Florida homeowners’ insurance policies only. These rate changes 
are currently awaiting approval from the Florida OIR. 

Other Lines of Business 

Commercial General Liability: We underwrite for approximately 380 classes of skilled craft workers (excluding 
home-builders and developers) and mercantile trades (such as owners, landlords and tenants). The limits of liability 
range from $100,000 per occurrence with a $200,000 policy aggregate to $1.0 million per occurrence with a $2.0 
million  policy  aggregate.    We  market  the  commercial  general  liability  insurance  products  through  independent 
agents and a limited number of general agencies unaffiliated with the Company.  

Personal  Automobile:  Nonstandard  personal  automobile  insurance  is  principally  provided  to  insureds  that  are 
unable  to  obtain  standard  insurance  coverage  because  of  their  driving  record,  age,  vehicle  type  or  other  factors, 
including market conditions. We market this through licensed general agents in their respective territories.  

Flood:   FNIC writes flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”). We write the policy 
for the NFIP, which assumes 100% of the flood risk while we retain a commission for our service.  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION 

Our independent agents and general agents have the authority to sell and bind insurance coverage in accordance with 
procedures established by FNU. FNU reviews all coverage bound by the agents promptly and generally accepts all coverage 
that  falls  within  stated underwriting  criteria.  For  all policies  issued, FNU  also  has  the  right, within a  period  that varies  by 
state  between  60  days  and  120  days  from  a  policy's  inception,  to  cancel  any  policy,  upon  an  advanced  notice  provided  in 
accordance  with  statutory  specific  guidelines,  even  if  the  risk  falls  within  our  underwriting  criteria.    We  are  focusing  our 
marketing  efforts  on  continuing  to  expand  our  distribution  network  while  maintaining  our  commitment  to  long-term 
relationships. We market our products and services throughout Florida and in other states by establishing relationships with 
additional  independent  agents  and  general  agents.  There  can  be  no  assurance,  however,  that  we  will  be  able  to  obtain  the 
required regulatory approvals to offer additional insurance products or expand into other states.  

We believe that our integrated computer systems, which allow for rapid automated premium quotation and policy 
issuance by our agents, are key elements in providing quality service to both our agents and insureds for various lines of our 
business.  

LIABILITY FOR LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES  

We  are  directly  liable  for  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  reserves  (“LAE”)  payments  under  the  terms  of  the 
insurance policies that are underwritten by our insurance companies.  In many cases, there may be a time lag between the 
occurrence  and  reporting  of  an  insured  loss  and  our  payment  of  that  loss.  As  required  by  insurance  regulations  and 
accounting rules, we reflect the liability for the ultimate payment of all incurred losses and LAE’s by establishing a liability 
for  those  unpaid  losses  and  LAE’s  for  both  reported  and  unreported  claims,  which  represent  estimates  of  future  amounts 
needed to pay claims and related expenses.  

When a claim involving a probable loss is reported, we establish a liability for the estimated amount of our ultimate 
losses  and  LAE  payments.  The  estimate  of  the  amount  of  the  ultimate  loss  is  based upon  such factors  as  the  type of  loss, 
jurisdiction of the occurrence, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding the claim, severity of injury or damage, potential 
for ultimate exposure, estimate of liability on the part of the insured, past experience with similar claims and the applicable 
policy provisions.  

In addition, management provides for a liability on an aggregate basis to provide for incurred but not yet reported 
(“IBNR”).   The estimates of the liability for loss and LAE reserves are subject to the effect of trends in claims severity and 
frequency  and  are  continually  reviewed.  As  part  of  this  process,  we  review  historical  data  and  consider  various  factors, 
including known and anticipated legal developments, inflation and economic conditions. As experience develops and other 
data become available, these estimates are revised, as required, resulting in increases or decreases to the existing liability for 
loss  and  LAE  reserves.  Adjustments  are  reflected  in  results  of  operations  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  made  and  the 
liabilities may deviate substantially from prior estimates.  

Among our classes of insurance, the automobile and homeowners’ liability claims historically tend to have longer 
time  lapses  between  the  occurrence  of  the  event,  the  reporting  of  the  claim  and  the  final  settlement,  than  do  automobile 
physical damage and homeowners’ property claims. These liability claims often involve parties filing suit and therefore may 
result  in  litigation.  By  comparison,  property  damage  claims  tend  to  be  reported  in  a  relatively  shorter  period  of  time  and 
settled in a shorter time frame with less occurrence of litigation.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the liability for loss and LAE reserves for the years ended December 31, 2006 through 
2015 and do not distinguish between catastrophic and non-catastrophic events. The top line of the table shows the estimated 
liability  for  loss  and  LAE  reserves  at  the  balance  sheet  date for  each  of  the  periods  indicated.  These  figures  represent  the 
estimated amount of loss and LAE reserves for claims arising in all prior years that were unpaid at the balance sheet date, 
including losses that had been IBNR. The portion of the table labeled "Cumulative amount of net liability paid as of" shows 
the cumulative payments for losses and LAE’s made in succeeding years for losses incurred prior to the balance sheet date. 
The lower portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded liability based on experience as of 
the end of each succeeding year.  

Changes in Historical Net Reserves for Loss and LAE

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year Ended December 31, 

Net liability, as of end of year
Cumulative amount of net liability paid as of:

$       

26,998

$       

39,513

$       

52,040

$       

58,707

(in thousands)
$       

59,656

$       

57,606

$       

46,696

$       

58,704

$       

67,936

$         

89,843

One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Net liability re-estimated as of:

One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Cumulative (deficiency) redundancy 
Gross liability - end of year
Reinsurance recoverable
Net liability - end of year
Gross re-estimated liability - latest
Re-estimated recoverable - latest
Net re-estimated liability - latest
Gross cumulative (deficiency) redundancy 

59,545

35,448
39,139

23,735
27,086
28,651

24,394
27,252
29,041
31,019

74,222

48,953
42,881

29,995
30,706
30,594

30,623
30,710
31,448
32,105

26,112
31,301
35,678
37,665
39,685

35,686
36,743
38,404
39,923
40,416

27,549
31,343
33,616
34,749
35,667
37,299

38,283
38,435
38,691
36,543
37,477
37,827

20,836
24,063
26,711
28,631
30,662
31,538
32,259

33,847
33,643
33,798
32,313
32,160
32,512
32,997

24,056
27,128
29,390
31,346
32,951
33,950
34,367
34,639

38,078
36,591
36,538
36,762
36,671
35,287
35,244
35,430

28,108
30,920
33,949
35,924
37,173
37,934
39,408
39,546
39,741

37,553
38,969
39,398
40,098
40,599
40,649
40,305
40,369
40,252

$      
$       

$       

$       
$      

(13,254)
39,615
(12,617)
26,998
78,109
(37,857)
40,252
(38,494)

$         
$       

$       

4,083
59,685
(20,172)
39,513
68,367
(32,937)
35,430
(8,682)

$       
$        

$      
$       

$      

19,043
64,775
(12,735)
52,040
62,026
(29,029)
32,997
2,749

$      
$         

$      
$       

$      

20,880
70,611
(11,904)
58,707
60,688
(22,861)
37,827
9,923

$      
$         

$      
$       

$      

19,240
66,529
(6,873)
59,656
56,756
(16,340)
40,416
9,773

$      
$         

$      
$       

$      

25,501
59,983
(2,377)
57,606
59,963
(27,858)
32,105
20

$      
$       

$      

16,102
49,908
(3,212)
46,696
52,025
(21,431)
30,594
(2,117)

$         

$        

97,340
(7,497)
89,843

$       
$       

$       

15,823
61,016
(2,312)
58,704
55,859
(12,978)
42,881
5,157

$       
$         

$       
$       

$      

(6,286)
78,330
(10,394)
67,936
79,434
(5,212)
74,222
(1,104)

$      
$        

$      
$              

$      
$        

The  cumulative  redundancy or  deficiency represents  the  aggregate  change  in  the  estimates  over  all  prior  years. A 
deficiency  indicates  that  the  latest  estimate  of  the  liability  for  loss  and  LAE  reserves  is  higher  than  the  liability  that  was 
originally estimated and a redundancy indicates that such estimate is lower. It should be emphasized that the table presents a 
run-off of balance sheet liability for the periods indicated rather than accident or policy loss development for those periods. 
Therefore, each amount in the table includes the cumulative effects of changes in liability for all prior periods. Conditions 
and trends that have affected liabilities in the past may not necessarily occur in the future.   

5 

 
 
 
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
        
        
        
        
          
          
          
          
        
            
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
          
 
 
 
 
 
The net cumulative redundancies (deficiency) since 2007 primarily reflect favorable casualty reserve development, 
with the exception of 2014. At December 31, 2015, we had $89.8 million of net loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, 
which  included  $51.0  million  in  IBNR  reserves,  $30.4  million  in  case-reserves,  and  $8.4  million  in  adjusting  and  other 
reserves.  As  reflected  in  the  table,  we  experienced  an  unfavorable  net  reserve  development  of  $6.3  million  on  reserves  at 
December 31, 2014, which increased our loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for prior accident periods and increased 
our loss and loss adjustment reserve expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The unfavorable loss development was 
primarily related to commercial general liability and personal private automobile claims occurring in accident years 2014 and 
prior. 

REINSURANCE AGREEMENTS  

Reinsurance is used primarily to manage overall capital adequacy and mitigate the insurance loss exposure related to 

certain events such as natural and man-made catastrophes.  

FNIC operates primarily by underwriting and accepting risks for their direct account on a gross basis and reinsuring 
a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention 
level.   We  continually  evaluate  the relative attractiveness of  different forms  of reinsurance contracts and different markets 
that may be used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives.  MNIC does not have any material reinsurance contracts as 
of December 31, 2015. 

Reinsurance markets include: 

  Traditional  local  and  global  reinsurance  markets  including  those  in  the  United  States,  Bermuda,  London  and 

Europe, accessed directly and through reinsurance intermediaries; 

  Capital  markets  through  insurance-linked  securities  and  collateralized  reinsurance  transactions,  such  as 

catastrophe bonds, sidecars and similar vehicles; and 

  Other insurers that engage in both direct and assumed reinsurance 

The form of reinsurance that we may choose from time to time will generally depend on whether we are seeking: 

  Proportional reinsurance, whereby we cede a specified percentage of premium and losses to reinsurers; 
  Non-proportional or excess of loss reinsurance, whereby we cede all or a specified portion of losses in excess of 
a specified amount on a per risk, per occurrence (including catastrophe reinsurance) or aggregate basis; or  

  Facultative contracts that reinsure individual policies 

All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC from their direct obligations to insured.  While it is not always 
possible  to  reinsure  every  known  (cost  too  much)  and  unknown  risk  to  the  company,  an  effective  reinsurance  program 
substantially  mitigates  our exposure  to  potentially  significant  losses.  There  is  a  credit  risk  exposure  with respect  to  ceded 
losses to the extent that any reinsurer is unable or unwilling to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance contracts. 
The  collectability  of  reinsurance  is  subject  to  the  solvency  of  the  reinsurers,  interpretation  of  contract  language  and  other 
factors.  The availability and amount of ceded premiums and losses associated with the acquisition of reinsurance will vary 
year  to  year.   Our  reinsurance  program  is  subject  to  approval  primarily  by  the  Florida  OIR  and  other  regulators  in  states 
where we do business, and is subject to review by Demotech, Inc. (“Demotech”), in connection with Demotech’s rating of 
FNIC.  Demotech provides financial stability ratings for property and casualty insurance companies.    

The Company’s reinsurance program, which generally runs from July 1 to June 30 of the following year, consists of 
excess of loss, Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”) and quota share, which is a form of proportional reinsurance, 
treaties which insure the homeowners’ property lines from catastrophes in Florida and other states.  The excess of loss and 
FHCF  treaties,  which  became  effective  on  July  1,  2015,  insures  for  approximately  $1.82  billion  of  aggregate  catastrophic 
losses and LAE with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.26 billion, with the Company retaining the 
first  $12.9  million  in  Florida  and  $5.0  million  in Louisiana,  Alabama  and  South  Carolina  for losses  and  LAE  from  each 
event.  The FHCF treaty only affords coverage for losses sustained in Florida and represents only a portion of the reinsurance 
coverage in Florida.   

The Company’s quota share treaties, which are included in the reinsurance program, runs from July 1 to June 30 of 
the following year.  The quota share treaties consist of two different treaties, one for 30% which became effective July 1, 
2014  and  the  other  for  10%  which  became  effective  July  1,  2015.    The  combined  treaties  provide  a  40%  quota  share 
reinsurance treaty on the first $100 million of covered losses for the homeowners’ insurance program in Florida.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We are selective in choosing reinsurers and consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial 
stability  of  the  reinsurer  or  capital  specifically  pledged  to  uphold  the  contract,  its  history  of  responding  to  claims  and  its 
overall reputation. In an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we evaluate the acceptability and 
review  the  financial  condition  of  the  reinsurer  at  least  annually.  As  of  December  31,  2015,  we  have  over  65  reinsurance 
companies in our program that are required to have at least an “A-” or better rating by A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”) or 
the agreement would need to be fully collateralized. 

EMPLOYEES 

As  of  December  31,  2015,  we  had  297  employees,  including  two  executive  officers.  We  are  not  a  party  to  any 
collective  bargaining  agreement  and  we  have  not  experienced  work  stoppages  or  strikes  as  a  result  of  labor  disputes.  We 
consider relations with our employees to be satisfactory.  

COMPETITION  

We  operate  in  highly  competitive  markets  and  face  competition  from  national,  regional  and  residual  market 
insurance  companies  in  the  homeowners’,  commercial  general  liability,  and  automobile  markets.  Our  competitors  include 
companies  that  market  their  products  through  agents,  as  well  as  companies  that  sell  insurance  directly  to  their  customers. 
Large national writers may have certain competitive advantages over agency writers, including increased name recognition, 
increased loyalty of their customer base and reduced policy acquisition costs. We compete based on underwriting criteria, our 
distribution network and superior service to our agents and insureds. Although our pricing is inevitably influenced to some 
degree by that of our competitors, we believe that it is generally not in our best interest to compete solely on price. 

In  Florida,  more  than  50  companies  compete  with  us  in  the  homeowners’  insurance  market.  Three  of  our  larger 
competitors are Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), Universal Property and Casualty Insurance Company 
and Security  Insurance  Company. In Florida,  more  than  one dozen  companies  compete  with  us  in the  commercial  general 
liability insurance market.  

Significant competition also emerged because of fundamental changes made to the property and casualty insurance 
business  in  Florida  in  recent  years  which  resulted  in  a  multi-pronged  approach  to  address  the  cost  of  residential  property 
insurance in Florida. First, the law increased the capacity of reinsurance that stabilized the reinsurance market to the benefit 
of the insurance companies writing properties lines in Florida. Secondly, the law provided for rate relief to all policyholders. 
The  law  also  authorized  the  state-owned  insurance  company,  Citizens,  which  is  free  of  many  of  the  restraints  on  private 
carriers  such  as  surplus,  ratios,  income  taxes  and  reinsurance  expense,  to  reduce  its  premium  rates  and  begin  competing 
against  private  insurers  in  the  residential  property  insurance  market  and  expands  the  authority  of  Citizens  to  write 
commercial insurance.  

REGULATION  

Overview  

Our insurance operations are subject to the laws and regulations of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Nevada, 
South Carolina and Texas. We are also subject to employment regulations in Florida as well as California, North Carolina 
and Nevada, and regulations of any other states in which we seek to conduct business in the future. The regulations cover all 
aspects  of  our  business  and  are  generally  designed  to  protect  the  interests  of  insurance  policyholders,  as  opposed  to  the 
interests of shareholders. Such regulations relate to authorized lines of business, capital and surplus requirements, allowable 
rates and forms, investment parameters, underwriting limitations, transactions with affiliates, dividend limitations, changes in 
control, market conduct, maximum amount allowable for premium financing service charges and a variety of other financial 
and non-financial components of our business. Our failure to comply with certain provisions of applicable insurance laws and 
regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, any 
changes in such laws and regulations, including the adoption of consumer initiatives regarding rates charged for coverage, 
could materially and adversely affect our operations or our ability to expand.  

Most  states’  laws  restrict  an  insurer’s  underwriting  discretion,  such  as  the  ability  to  terminate  policies,  terminate 
agents or reject insurance coverage applications, and many state regulators have the power to reduce, or to disallow, increases 
in premium rates. In addition, state laws generally require that rate schedules and other information be filed with the state's 
insurance  regulatory  authority,  either  directly  or  through  a  rating  organization  with  which  the  insurer  is  affiliated.  The 
regulatory authority may disapprove a rate filing if it finds that the rates are inadequate, excessive or unfairly discriminatory. 
Rates, which are not necessarily uniform for all insurers, vary by class of business, hazard covered, and size of risk. Certain 
states, including Florida, as discussed above, have adopted laws or are considering proposed legislation which, among other 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
things, limit the ability of insurance companies to effect rate increases or to cancel, reduce or non-renew insurance coverage 
with respect to existing policies, particularly personal automobile insurance.  

Most  states  require  licensure  or  regulatory  approval  prior  to  the  marketing  of  new  insurance  products.  Typically, 
licensure review is comprehensive and includes a review of a company’s business plan, solvency, reinsurance, character of its 
officers  and  directors,  rates,  forms  and  other  financial  and  non-financial  aspects  of  a  company.  The  regulatory  authorities 
may prohibit entry into a new market by not granting a license or by withholding approval. 

All insurance companies must file quarterly and annual statements with certain regulatory agencies and are subject 
to regular and special examinations by those agencies. We may be the subject of additional special examinations or analysis. 
These examinations or analysis may result in one or more corrective orders being issued by the Florida OIR. The most recent 
balance sheet audit of FNIC by the Florida OIR occurred as of December 31, 2010. There were no material findings by the 
Florida OIR in connection with this examination. FNIC also experienced a regularly scheduled statutory examination by the 
Florida OIR which occurred during 2010 for the five years ended December 31, 2010. There were no material findings in 
connection with this examination.   

 In  some  instances,  various  states  routinely  require  deposits  of  assets  for  the  protection  of  policyholders  either  in 
those states or for all policyholders. As of December 31, 2015, FNIC and MNIC held investment securities with a fair value 
of approximately $2.3 million, as a deposit with the State of Florida.  

Consent Order  

On October 21, 2015, the Florida OIR approved the filing made by FNIC to comply with their cease and desist order 
dated May 19, 2015 which enabled them to review and approve FNIC’s underwriting analytic models.  Upon its approval of 
the filing, the Florida OIR rescinded the cease and desist order.  FNIC was required to pay a nominal administration fee. 

As  of  September  30,  2014,  we  have  satisfied  all  applicable  conditions  of  the  consent  order  we  entered  into  in 
January 2011 with the Florida OIR in connection of American Vehicle Insurance Company into FNIC.  As of the date of this 
Report, the only operational restriction that remains in effect is a requirement to obtain Florida OIR approval prior to writing 
commercial  multi-peril  business  or  any  new  commercial  property  business,  including  condo  associations,  under  any  other 
line of business for which FNIC is authorized. 

Insurance Holding Company Regulation 

We,  the  parent  company,  are  subject  to  laws  governing  insurance  holding  companies  in  Florida  where  FNIC  is 
domiciled.  These  laws,  among  other  things,  (i)  require  us  to  file  periodic  information  with  the  Florida  OIR,  including 
information  concerning  our  capital  structure,  ownership,  financial  condition  and  general  business  operations,  (ii)  regulate 
certain  transactions  between  us  and  our  affiliates,  including  the  amount  of  dividends  and  other  distributions,  the  terms  of 
surplus  notes  and  amounts  that  our  affiliates  can  charge  the  holding  company  for  services  such  as  management  fees  or 
commissions,  (iii)  restrict  the  ability  of  any  one  person  to  acquire  certain  levels  of  our  voting  securities  without  prior 
regulatory approval. Any purchaser of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock will be presumed to have 
acquired control of FNIC unless the Florida OIR, upon application, determines otherwise.  

Restrictions in Payments of Dividends by Domestic Insurance Companies  

Under  Florida  law,  a  domestic  insurer  may  not  pay  any  dividend  or  distribute  cash  or  other  property  to  its 
shareholders except out of that part of its available and accumulated capital surplus funds which is derived from realized net 
operating profits on its business and net realized capital gains. A Florida domestic insurer may not make dividend payments 
or distributions to shareholders without prior approval of the Florida OIR if the dividend or distribution would exceed the 
larger of (i) the lesser of (a) 10.0% of its capital surplus or (b) net income, not including realized capital gains, plus a two-
year  carryforward,  (ii)  10.0%  of  capital  surplus  with  dividends  payable  constrained  to  unassigned  funds  minus  25.0%  of 
unrealized  capital  gains  or  (iii)  the  lesser  of  (a)  10.0%  of  capital  surplus  or  (b)  net  investment  income  plus  a  three-year 
carryforward with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds minus 25.0% of unrealized capital gains.  

Alternatively, a Florida domestic insurer may pay a dividend or distribution without the prior written approval of the 
Florida  OIR  (i)  if  the  dividend  is  equal  to  or  less  than  the  greater  of  (a)  10.0%  of  the  insurer’s  capital  surplus  as  regards 
policyholders  derived  from  realized  net  operating  profits  on  its  business  and  net  realized  capital  gains  or  (b)  the  insurer’s 
entire  net  operating  profits  and  realized  net  capital  gains  derived  during  the  immediately  preceding  calendar  year,  (ii)  the 
insurer  will  have  policy  holder  capital  surplus  equal  to  or  exceeding  115.0%  of  the  minimum  required  statutory  capital 
surplus after the dividend or distribution, (iii) the insurer files a notice of the dividend or distribution with the Florida OIR at 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
least ten business days prior to the dividend payment or distribution and (iv) the notice includes a certification by an officer 
of the insurer attesting that, after the payment of the dividend or distribution, the insurer will have at least 115.0% of required 
statutory capital surplus as to policyholders. Except as provided above, a Florida domiciled insurer may only pay a dividend 
or make a distribution (i) subject to prior approval by the Florida OIR or (ii) 30 days after the Florida OIR has received notice 
of such dividend or distribution and has not disapproved it within such time. 

No dividends were paid by FNIC in 2015, 2014 and 2013, and none are anticipated in 2016.  Also, no dividends 
were paid by MNIC since inception in 2015 and none are anticipated in 2016. Although we believe that amounts required to 
meet  our  financial  and  operating  obligations  will  be  available  from  sources  other  than  dividends  from  our  insurance 
subsidiaries, there can be no assurance in this regard. Further, there can be no assurance that, if requested, the Florida OIR 
will allow any dividends to be paid by FNIC to us, the parent company, in the future. The maximum dividends permitted by 
state  law  are  not  necessarily  indicative  of  an  insurer’s  actual  ability  to  pay  dividends  or  other  distributions  to  a  parent 
company,  which  also  may  be  constrained  by  business  and  regulatory  considerations,  such  as  the  impact  of  dividends  on 
capital  surplus,  which  could  affect  an  insurer’s  competitive  position,  the  amount  of  premiums  that  can  be  written  and  the 
ability to pay future dividends. Further, state insurance laws and regulations require that the statutory capital surplus of an 
insurance  company  following  any  dividend  or  distribution  by  it  be  reasonable  in  relation  to  its  outstanding  liabilities  and 
adequate for its financial needs. 

While the non-insurance company subsidiaries (FNU and any other affiliate) are not subject directly to the dividend 
and  other  distribution  limitations,  insurance  holding  company  regulations  govern  the  amount  that  any  affiliate  within  the 
holding company structure may charge any of the insurance companies for service (e.g., management fees and commissions).  

Underwriting and Marketing Restrictions  

During  the  past  several  years,  various  regulatory  and  legislative  bodies  have  adopted  or  proposed  new  laws  or 
regulations to address the cyclical nature of the insurance industry, catastrophic events and insurance capacity and pricing. 
These regulations include (i) the creation of "market assistance plans" under which insurers are induced to provide certain 
coverages, (ii) restrictions on the ability of insurers to rescind or otherwise cancel certain policies in mid-term, (iii) advance 
notice  requirements  or  limitations  imposed  for  certain  policy  non-renewals  and  (iv)  limitations  upon  or  decreases  in  rates 
permitted to be charged.  

National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Risk-Based Capital Requirements 

In  order  to  enhance  the  regulation  of  insurer  solvency,  NAIC  established  risk-based  capital  requirements  for 
insurance companies that are designed to assess capital adequacy and to raise the level of protection that statutory surplus 
provides for policy holders. These requirements measure three major areas of risk facing property and casualty insurers: (i) 
underwriting  risks,  which  encompass  the  risk  of  adverse  loss  developments  and  inadequate  pricing;  (ii)  declines  in  asset 
values  arising  from  credit  risk;  and  (iii)  other  business  risks  from  investments.  Insurers  having  less  statutory  surplus  than 
required will be subject to varying degrees of regulatory action, depending on the level of capital inadequacy. The Florida 
OIR, which follows these requirements, could require FNIC to cease operations in the event they fail to maintain the required 
statutory capital. 

Based upon the 2015 and 2014 statutory financial statements for FNIC and MNIC, statutory surplus exceeded the 

regulatory action levels established by the NAIC’s risk-based capital requirements.  

Based on risk-based capital requirements, the extent of regulatory intervention and action increases as the ratio of an 
insurer’s statutory surplus to its Authorized Control Level (“ACL”), as calculated under the NAIC’s requirements, decreases. 
The first action level, the Company Action Level, requires an insurer to submit a plan of corrective actions to the insurance 
regulators if statutory surplus falls below 200.0% of the ACL amount. The second action level, the Regulatory Action Level, 
requires  an  insurer  to  submit  a  plan  containing  corrective  actions  and  permits  the  insurance  regulators  to  perform  an 
examination or other analysis and issue a corrective order if statutory surplus falls below 150.0% of the ACL amount. The 
third action level, ACL, allows the regulators to rehabilitate or liquidate an insurer in addition to the aforementioned actions 
if statutory surplus falls below the ACL amount. The fourth action level is the Mandatory Control Level, which requires the 
regulators to rehabilitate or liquidate the insurer if statutory surplus falls below 70.0% of the ACL amount. FNIC’s ratio of 
statutory surplus to its ACL was 439.3%, 534.0% and 312.1% at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Industry Ratings Services  

Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the ability of insurers to pay their claims. These financial strength ratings 
are used by the insurance industry to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers. These ratings are based on criteria 
established by the rating agencies and reflect evaluations of each insurer's profitability, debt and cash levels, customer base, 
adequacy and soundness of reinsurance, quality and estimated market value of assets, adequacy of reserves and management. 
Ratings are based upon factors of concern to agents, reinsurers and policyholders and are not directed toward the protection 
of investors, such as purchasers of our common stock. 

As of December 31, 2015, FNIC and MNIC are rated by Demotech as  "A" ("Exceptional"), which is the third of 
seven ratings, and defined as “Regardless of the severity of a general economic downturn or deterioration in the insurance 
cycle,  insurers  earning  a  Financial  Stability  Rating  (“FSR”)  of  “A”  possess  “Exceptional”  financial  stability  related  to 
maintaining surplus as regards to policyholders”. Demotech’s ratings are based upon factors of concern to agents, reinsurers 
and  policyholders  and  are  not  primarily  directed  toward  the  protection  of  investors.  Our  Demotech  rating  could  be 
jeopardized by factors including adverse development and various surplus related ratio exceptions. On November 24, 2015, 
Demotech reaffirmed FNIC’s FSR of “A” (“Exceptional”) and MNIC has maintained its same FSR of “A” (“Exceptional”) 
since its 2015 inception. 

ITEM 1A 

RISK FACTORS  

We are subject to certain risks in our business operations which are described below. Careful consideration of these 
risks  should  be  made  before  making  an  investment  decision.  The  risks  and  uncertainties  described  below  are  not  the  only 
ones facing FNHC. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known or currently deemed immaterial may also impair 
our business operations. 

Risks Related to Our Business  

Our financial condition could be adversely affected by the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters.  

We write insurance policies that cover homeowners, business owners and automobile owners for losses that result 
from, among other things, catastrophes and sinkholes. Catastrophic losses can be caused by natural events such as hurricanes, 
tropical  storms,  tornadoes,  wind,  hail,  fires,  explosions  and  other  events,  and  their  incidence  and  severity  are  inherently 
unpredictable. They can also be caused by terrorist attacks, war, riots, political instability and other man-made events. The 
extent of losses from a catastrophe is a function of two factors: the total amount of the insurance company's exposure in the 
area affected by the event and the severity of the event. Although our homeowners' policyholders are disbursed throughout 
Florida,  substantially  all  of  them  are  located  in  Florida,  which  is  especially  subject  to  adverse  weather  conditions  such  as 
hurricanes and tropical storms, and a substantial portion are located in southeastern Florida.  

The occurrence of claims from catastrophic events could result in substantial volatility in our results of operations or 
financial  condition  for  any  fiscal  quarter  or  year.  Increases  in  the  values  and  concentrations  of  insured  property  may  also 
increase the severity of these occurrences in the future. Although we attempt to manage our exposure to such events through 
the use of underwriting controls and the purchase of third-party reinsurance, catastrophic events are inherently unpredictable 
and the actual nature of such events when they occur could be more frequent or severe than contemplated in our pricing and 
risk management expectations. As a result, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events could have a material adverse 
effect on our results of operations or financial condition.  

Although  Florida  has  not  experienced  a  hurricane  during  the  last  ten  hurricane  seasons,  some  weather  analysts 
believe that we have entered a period of greater hurricane activity. We are exploring alternatives to reduce our exposure to 
these types of storms, which may increase operating expenses and may not be successful in protecting long-term profitability. 
If our loss experience is more adverse than is contemplated by our loss reserves, the related increase in our loss reserves may 
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the increase occurs. 

Although  we  follow  the  industry  practice  of  reinsuring  a  portion  of  our  risks,  our  costs  of  obtaining  reinsurance 
fluctuates and we may not be able to successfully alleviate risk through reinsurance arrangements.  

We  have  a  reinsurance  structure  that  is  a  combination  of  private  reinsurance  and  the  FHCF.  Our  reinsurance 
structure is composed of several reinsurance companies with varying levels of participation providing coverage for loss and 
LAE’s at pre-established minimum and maximum amounts. Losses incurred in connection with a catastrophic event below 
the minimum and above the maximum are the responsibility of FNIC.  

10 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The availability and costs associated with the acquisition of reinsurance will vary year to year. We are not able to 
control these fluctuations which may be significant and may limit our ability to purchase adequate coverage. The recovery of 
increased reinsurance costs through rate action is not immediate and cannot be presumed, as it is subject to approval of the 
Florida OIR. 

We face a risk of non-collectability of reinsurance, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of 
operations and financial condition.   

As is common practice within the insurance industry, we transfer a portion of the risks insured under our policies to 
other  companies  through  the  purchase  of  reinsurance.  This  reinsurance  is  maintained  to  protect  our  insurance  subsidiary 
against the severity of losses on individual claims, unusually serious occurrences in which a number of claims produce an 
aggregate extraordinary loss and other catastrophic events. Although reinsurance does not discharge our insurance subsidiary 
from  its  primary  obligation  to  pay  for  losses  insured  under  the  policies  it  issues,  reinsurance  does  make  the  assuming 
reinsurer liable to the insurance subsidiary for the reinsured portion of the risk. A credit exposure exists with respect to ceded 
losses to the extent that any reinsurer is unable or unwilling to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance contracts. 
The  collectability  of  reinsurance  is  subject  to  the  solvency  of  the  reinsurers,  interpretation  of  contract  language  and  other 
factors.  A  reinsurer's  insolvency  or  inability  to  make  payments  under  the  terms  of  a  reinsurance  contract  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Our reinsurance structure has significant risks, including the fact that the FHCF may not be able to raise sufficient 
money  to  pay  their  claims  or  impair  their  ability  to  pay  their  claims  in  a  timely  manner.  This  could  result  in  significant 
financial, legal and operational challenges to our company. Therefore, in the event of a catastrophic loss, we may  become 
dependent  upon  the  FHCF's  ability  to  pay,  which  may,  in  turn,  be  dependent  upon  the  SBA's  ability  to  issue  bonds  in 
amounts that would be required to meet its reinsurance obligations in the event of such a catastrophic loss. 

If we are unable to continue our growth because our capital must be used to pay greater than anticipated claims, our 
financial results may suffer.  

Our future growth will depend on our ability to expand the types of insurance products we offer and the geographic 
markets in which we do business, both balanced by the business risks we choose to assume and cede. We believe that our 
Company  is  sufficiently  capitalized  to  operate  our  business  as  it  now  exists  and  as  we  currently  plan  to  expand  it.  Our 
existing  sources  of  funds  include  possible  sales  of  our  investment  securities  and  our  earnings  from  operations  and 
investments. Unexpected catastrophic events in our market areas, such as the hurricanes experienced in Florida, have resulted 
and may result in greater claims losses than anticipated, which could require us to limit or halt our growth while we redeploy 
our capital to pay these unanticipated claims.  

We may require additional capital in the future which may not be available or only available on unfavorable terms. 

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our ability to write new business successfully and 
to establish premium rates and reserves at levels sufficient to cover losses. To the extent that our capital may be insufficient 
to meet future operating requirements and/or cover losses, we may need to raise additional funds through financings or curtail 
our growth. Many factors will affect the amount and timing of our capital needs, including our growth and profitability, our 
claims experience, and the availability of reinsurance, as well as possible acquisition opportunities, market disruptions and 
other unforeseeable developments.  

If  we  were  required  to  raise  additional  capital,  equity  or  debt  financing  may  not  be  available  at  all  or  may  be 
available only on terms that are not favorable to us. In the case of equity financings, dilution to our shareholders’ ownership 
could result, and in any case such securities may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of existing 
shareholders.  If  we  raise  additional  funds  by  incurring  debt  financing,  the  terms  of  the  debt  may  involve  significant  cash 
payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business or 
pay dividends. If we cannot obtain adequate capital on favorable terms or at all, our business, financial condition or results of 
operations could be materially adversely affected. 

Our business is heavily regulated, and changes in regulation may reduce our profitability and limit our growth.  

We  are  subject  to  extensive  regulation  in  the  states  in  which  we  conduct  business.  This  regulation  is  generally 
designed to protect the interests of policyholders, as opposed to shareholders and other investors, and relates to authorization 
for  lines  of  business,  capital  and  surplus  requirements,  investment  limitations,  underwriting  limitations,  transactions  with 
affiliates,  dividend  limitations,  changes  in  control,  premium  rates  and  a  variety  of  other  financial  and  non-financial 
components of an insurance company's business. These regulatory requirements may adversely affect or inhibit our ability to 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
achieve some or all of our business objectives. State regulatory authorities also conduct periodic examinations into insurers' 
business  practices.  These  reviews  may  reveal  deficiencies  in  our  insurance  operations  or  differences  between  our 
interpretations of regulatory requirements and those of the regulators. 

The  National  Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners,  or  NAIC,  and  state  insurance  regulators  are  constantly 
reexamining  existing  laws  and  regulations,  generally  focusing  on  modifications  to  holding  company  regulations, 
interpretations of existing laws and the development of new laws. 

From  time  to  time,  some  states  in  which  we  conduct  business  have  considered  or  enacted  laws  that  may  alter  or 
increase state authority to regulate insurance companies and insurance holding companies. In other situations, states in which 
we conduct business have considered or enacted laws that impact the competitive environment and marketplace for property 
and  casualty  insurance.  In  addition,  in  recent  years  the  state  insurance  regulatory  framework  has  come  under  increased 
federal  scrutiny.  Changes  in  federal  legislation  and  administrative  policies  in  several  areas,  including  changes  in  financial 
services regulation and federal taxation, can significantly impact the insurance industry and us. 

We  cannot  predict  with  certainty  the  effect  any  enacted,  proposed  or  future  state  or  federal  legislation  or  NAIC 
initiatives may have on the conduct of our business. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the regulatory requirements 
applicable  to  our  business  will  not  become  more  stringent  in  the  future  or  result  in  materially  higher  costs  than  current 
requirements. Changes in the regulation of our business may reduce our profitability, limit our growth or otherwise adversely 
affect our operations. 

We may experience financial exposure from climate change. 

A body of scientific evidence seems to indicate that climate change may be occurring. Climate change, to the extent 
that it may affect weather patterns, may cause an increase in the frequency and/or the severity of catastrophic events or severe 
weather conditions. Our financial exposure from climate change is most notably associated with losses in connection with the 
occurrence  of  hurricanes  striking  Florida.  We  mitigate  the  risk  of  financial  exposure  from  climate  change  by  restrictive 
underwriting criteria, sensitivity to geographic concentrations, and reinsurance. 

Restrictive  underwriting  criteria  can  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  higher  premiums  and  deductibles  and  more 
specifically  excluded  policy  risks  such  as  fences  and  screened-in  enclosures.  New  technological  advances  in  computer 
generated  geographical  mapping  afford  us  an  enhanced  perspective  as  to  geographic  concentrations  of  policyholders  and 
proximity to flood prone areas. Our amount of maximum reinsurance coverage is determined by subjecting our homeowner 
exposures to statistical forecasting models that are designed to quantify a catastrophic event in terms of the frequency of a 
storm occurring once in every "n" years. Additionally, if the statistical forecasting models fail to contemplate an emerging 
claim  trend,  such  as  the  assignment  of  insurance  benefits  in  Florida  then  there  is  the  risk  the  Company  may  not  purchase 
adequate catastrophic wind coverage. Our reinsurance coverage contemplates the effects of a catastrophic event that occurs 
only  once  every  100  years.  Our  amount  of  losses  retained  (our  deductible)  in  connection  with  a  catastrophic  event  is 
determined by market capacity, pricing conditions and surplus preservation. There can be no assurance that our reinsurance 
coverage and other measures taken will be sufficient to mitigate losses resulting from one or more catastrophic events. 

Our loss reserves are estimates and may be inadequate to cover our actual liability for losses, causing our results of 
operations to be adversely affected.  

We maintain reserves to cover our estimated ultimate liabilities for losses and LAE’s. These reserves are estimates 
based on historical data and statistical projections of what we believe the settlement and administration of claims will cost 
based on facts and circumstances then known to us. Actual loss and LAE reserves, however, may vary significantly from our 
estimates.  

Factors  that  affect  loss  and  LAE  reserves  include  the  estimates  made  on  a  claim-by-claim  basis  known  as  “case 
reserves” coupled with bulk estimates known as IBNR. Periodic estimates by management of the ultimate costs required to 
settle all claim files are based on the Company’s analysis of historical data and estimations of the impact of numerous factors 
such as (i) per claim information; (ii) Company and industry historical loss experience, including the impact of trends such as 
the assignment of benefits by insureds; (iii) legislative enactments, judicial decisions, legal developments in the awarding of 
damages, and changes in political attitudes; and (iv) trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation. 
Management revises its estimates based on the results of its analysis. This process assumes that past experience, adjusted for 
the effects of current developments and anticipated trends, is an appropriate basis for estimating the ultimate settlement of all 
claims.  There  is  no  precise  method  for  subsequently  evaluating  the  impact  of  any  specific  factor  on  the  adequacy  of  the 
reserves, because the eventual redundancy or deficiency is affected by multiple factors. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Because  of  the  uncertainties  that  surround  estimated  loss  reserves,  we  cannot  be  certain  that  our  reserves  will  be 
adequate to cover our actual losses. If our loss and LAE reserves are less than actual losses and LAE’s, we will be required to 
increase our reserves with a corresponding reduction in our net income  in the period in which the deficiency is identified. 
Future  loss  experience,  substantially  in  excess  of  our  loss  and  LAE  reserves,  could  substantially  harm  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition. 

Our revenues and operating performance will fluctuate due to statutorily approved assessments that support property 
and casualty insurance pools and associations. 

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to 
participate  in  assessments.  Currently  these  entities  and  organizations  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  Florida  Joint 
Underwriters Association (“JUA”), the Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens and the FHCF. 

The insurance companies currently pass the assessments on to holders or insurance policies, in the form of a policy 
surcharge,  and  reflect  the  collection  of  these  assessments  as fully  earned  credits  to  operations  in  the period  collected.  The 
collection of these fees may adversely affect our overall marketing strategy due to the competitive landscape in Florida.  

In  addition,  the  impact  of  future  assessments  on  our  balance  sheet,  results  of  operations  or  cash  flow  are 

undeterminable at this time.  

Our investment portfolio may suffer reduced returns or losses, which would significantly reduce our earnings.  

Like other insurance companies, we depend on income from our investment portfolio for a substantial portion of our 
earnings. During  the  time  that  normally  elapses between  the  receipt  of  insurance  premiums  and  any  payment  of  insurance 
claims, we invest the premiums received, together with our other available capital, primarily in debt securities and to a lesser 
extent in equity securities, in order to generate investment income. 

Our  investment  portfolio  contains  interest  rate  sensitive  instruments,  such  as  bonds,  which  may  be  adversely 
affected  by  changes  in  interest  rates.  A  significant  increase  in  interest  rates  or  decrease  in  credit  worthiness  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Generally, bond prices decrease as interest rates 
rise.  Changes  in  interest  rates  could  also  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  investment  income  and  results  of  operations.  For 
example, if interest rates decline, investment of new premiums received and funds reinvested will earn less than expected. 

Our  determination  of  the  amount  of  other-than-temporary  impairment  to  record  varies  by  investment  type  and  is 
based  upon  our  periodic  evaluation  and  assessment  of  known  and  inherent  risks  associated  with  the  respective  investment 
type. We revise our evaluations and assessments as conditions change and new information becomes available, and we reflect 
changes in other-than- temporary impairments in our consolidated statements of income. We base our assessment of whether 
other-than-temporary impairments have occurred on our case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in 
fair value. We can neither provide assurance that we have accurately assessed whether the impairment of one or more of our 
investments  is  temporary or other-than-temporary, nor  that  we  have  accurately  recorded  amounts  for other-than-temporary 
impairments  in  our  financial  statements.  Furthermore,  historical  trends  may  not  be  indicative  of  future  impairments  and 
additional impairments may need to be recorded in the future. 

In  addition,  volatile  and  illiquid  markets  increase  the  likelihood  that  investment  securities  may  not  behave  in 
historically predictable manners, resulting in fair value estimates that may be overstated compared with actual amounts that 
could  be  realized  upon  disposition  or  maturity  of  the  security.  The  effects  of  market  volatility  and  declining  economic 
conditions may have unforeseen consequences on the credit quality, liquidity and financial stability of the issuers of securities 
we hold,  or reinsurers with which we  do business.  Such  deteriorations  in  financial  condition  can  occur  rapidly,  leaving us 
unable to react to such a scenario in a prudent manner consistent with our historical practices in dealing with more orderly 
markets. This in turn could adversely and negatively affect our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.

The  failure  of  any  of  the  loss  limitation  methods  we  employ  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial 
condition or our results of operations. 

Various provisions of our policies, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage which have been negotiated to 
limit our risks, may not be enforceable in the manner we intend. At the present time we employ a variety of exclusions to our 
policies that limit exposure to known risks, including, but not limited to, exclusions relating to certain named liabilities, types 
of vehicles and specific artisan activities. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition, the policies we issue contain conditions requiring the prompt reporting of claims to us and our right to 
decline  coverage  in  the  event  of  a  violation  of  that  condition.  While  we  believe  our  insurance  product  exclusions  and 
limitations reduce the loss exposure to us and help eliminate known exposures to certain risks, it is possible that a court or 
regulatory authority could nullify or void an exclusion or that legislation could be enacted modifying or barring the use of 
such  endorsements  and  limitations  in  a  way  that  would  adversely  affect  our  loss  experience,  which  could  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. 

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business are uncertain. 

As  industry  practices  and  legal,  judicial,  social  and  other  conditions  change,  unexpected  and  unintended  issues 
related  to  claims  and  coverage  may  emerge.  These  issues  may  adversely  affect  our  business  by  either  extending  coverage 
beyond  our  underwriting  intent  or  by  increasing  the  number  or  size  of  claims.  In  some  instances,  these  changes  may  not 
become apparent until sometime after we have issued insurance contracts that are affected by the changes. As a result, the full 
extent of liability under our insurance contracts may not be known for many years after a contract is issued. 

Another  example  of  an  emerging  trend  is  the  assignment  of  homeowner  benefits  for  a  claim  where  a  service 
provider agrees to make a repair that may be covered by an insurance policy in exchange for the policyholder’s right to sue 
the insurance carrier directly. The assignment of the insurance benefits increases the Company’s exposure to inflated claims, 
attorney fees and costs. Again several legislative actions in the State of Florida to limit the affect of assignment of benefits 
are being contemplated, although there can be no assurances that any such legislative actions will become law or, if enacted, 
that such actions will have the effect of limiting the impact on us of assignments of benefits by insureds.    

Our failure to pay claims accurately could adversely affect our business, financial results and capital requirements.  

We must accurately evaluate and pay claims that are made under our policies. Many factors affect our ability to pay 
claims accurately, including the training and experience of our claims representatives, the culture of our claims organization 
and the effectiveness of our management, our ability to develop or select and implement appropriate procedures and systems 
to  support  our  claims  functions  and  other  factors.  Our  failure  to  pay  claims  accurately  could  lead  to  material  litigation, 
undermine our reputation in the marketplace, impair our image and negatively affect our financial results. 

In  addition,  if  we  do  not  train  new  claims  adjusting  employees  effectively  or  if  we  lose  a  significant  number  of 
experienced claims adjusting employees, our claims department's ability to handle an increasing workload as we grow could 
be  adversely  affected.  In  addition  to  potentially  requiring  that  growth  be  slowed  in  the  affected  markets,  we  could  suffer 
decreased quality of claims work, which in turn could lower our operating margins. 

Our  insurance  company  is  subject  to  minimum  capital  and  surplus  requirements,  and  our  failure  to  meet  these 
requirements could subject us to regulatory action. 

Our  insurance  company  is  subject  to  risk-based  capital  standards  and  other  minimum  capital  and  surplus 
requirements imposed under applicable state laws, including the laws of the State of Florida. The risk-based capital standards, 
based upon the Risk Based Capital Model Act adopted by the NAIC, require our insurance company to report their results of 
risk-based capital calculations to state departments of insurance and the NAIC. These risk-based capital standards provide for 
different  levels  of  regulatory  attention  depending  upon  the  ratio  of  an  insurance  company's  total  adjusted  capital,  as 
calculated in accordance with NAIC guidelines, to its authorized control level risk-based capital.  

If we fail to meet the applicable risk-based capital or minimum statutory capital requirements imposed by the laws 
of Florida or other states where we do business, we could be subject to further examination or corrective action imposed by 
state  regulators,  including  limitations  on  out  writing  of  additional  business,  state  supervision  or  liquidation,  and  may  be 
required to raise additional capital. Similarly, an increase in existing risk-based capital requirements or minimum statutory 
capital requirements may require us to increase our statutory capital levels.  

Our revenues and operating performance may fluctuate with business cycles in the property and casualty insurance 
industry.  

Historically,  the  financial  performance  of  the  property  and  casualty  insurance  industry  has  tended  to  fluctuate  in 
cyclical patterns characterized by periods of significant competition in pricing and underwriting terms and conditions, which 
is known as a "soft" insurance market, followed by periods of lessened competition and increasing premium rates, which is 
known as a "hard" insurance market. Although an individual insurance company's financial performance is dependent on its 
own specific business characteristics, the profitability of most property and casualty insurance companies tends to follow this 
cyclical market pattern, with profitability generally increasing in hard markets and decreasing in soft markets. At present, we 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are  experiencing  a  softening  market  in  the  property  and  casualty  market  in  Florida  and  in  the  other  states  we  operate  in 
because of increased competition. We cannot predict, however, how long these market conditions will persist. Although we 
do  not  compete  entirely  on  price  or  targeted  market  share,  negative  market  conditions  may  impair  our  ability  to  write 
insurance at rates that we consider appropriate relative to the risk assumed. If we cannot write insurance at appropriate rates, 
our revenues and operating performance may be adversely affected. 

We  may  not  obtain  the  necessary  regulatory  approvals  to  expand  the  types  of  insurance  products  we  offer  or  the 
states in which we operate.  

The  insurance  industry  is  highly  regulated.  Prior  to  selling  a  new  insurance  product  in  a  state,  we  must  obtain 
approval  from  the  applicable  state  insurance  regulators.  The  insurance  regulators  in  states  to  which  we  might  apply  may 
request additional information, add conditions to the license that we find unacceptable, or deny our application. This would 
delay  or  prevent  us  from  operating  in  that  state.  If  we  want  to  operate  in  any  additional  states,  we  must  file  similar 
applications for licenses, which we may not be successful in obtaining. 

Adverse ratings by insurance rating agencies may adversely impact our ability to write new policies, renew desirable 
policies or obtain adequate insurance, which could limit or halt our growth and harm our business.  

Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the ability of insurers to pay their claims. These financial strength ratings 
are used by the insurance industry to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers. These ratings are based on criteria 
established by the rating agencies and reflect evaluations of each insurer's profitability, debt and cash levels, customer base, 
adequacy and soundness of reinsurance, quality and estimated market value of assets, adequacy of reserves, and management. 
Ratings are based upon factors of concern to agents, reinsurers and policyholders and are not directed toward the protection 
of investors, such as purchasers of our common stock. 

Our  ability  to  compete  successfully  in  states  outside of  Florida  and  to expand  our  business  footprint  may  also  be 
negatively  affected  by  our  lack  of  an  A.M.  Best  rating  of  our  financial  strength.  Although  our  insurance  subsidiary  has  a 
Demotech rating of "A" (Exceptional), which is generally accepted in Florida and certain other states, a rating by A. M. Best 
is more widely accepted outside of Florida and may cause customers and agents to prefer a policy written by an A. M. Best-
rated  company  over  a  policy  written  by  us.  In  addition,  some  mortgage  companies  outside  of  Florida  may  require 
homeowners to obtain property insurance from an insurance company with a minimum A. M. Best rating. 

The withdrawal of our ratings could limit or prevent us from writing or renewing desirable insurance policies, from 
competing with insurers who have higher ratings, from obtaining adequate reinsurance, or from borrowing on a line of credit. 
The withdrawal or downgrade of our ratings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 
position because our insurance products might no longer be acceptable to the secondary marketplace and mortgage lenders. 
Furthermore,  a  withdrawal  or  downgrade  of  our  ratings  could  prevent  independent  agents  from  selling  and  servicing  our 
insurance products or could increase the commissions we must pay to these agents. 

We rely on independent and general agents to write our insurance policies, and if we are not able to attract and retain 
independent and general agents, our revenues would be negatively affected.  

We  currently  market  and  distribute  our  products  and  services  through  contractual  relationships  with  a  network  of   
independent agents and a selected number of general agents. Our independent agents are our primary source for our property 
and liability insurance policies. Many of our competitors also rely on independent agents. As a result, we must compete with 
other  insurers  for  independent  agents'  business.  Our  competitors  may  offer  a  greater  variety  of  insurance  products,  lower 
premiums  for  insurance  coverage,  or higher  commissions  to  their  agents.  If  our products,  pricing  and commissions  do  not 
remain competitive, we may find it more difficult to attract business from independent agents to sell our products. A material 
reduction in the amount of our products that independent agents sell or a material reduction in the number of independent 
agents with whom we maintain a relationship could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.  

In February 2013, we  entered  into  an  Insurance Agency  Master  Agreement  with  Ivantage Select  Agency,  Inc.,  or 
ISA, an affiliate of Allstate Insurance Company, or Allstate, pursuant to which we are authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate 
agents to offer our homeowners' and commercial general liability insurance products to consumers in Florida. Since that time, 
our  homeowners'  premiums  and  the  percentage  of  homeowners'  premiums  attributable  to  Allstate  agents  has  increased 
rapidly. During 2015, 23.7% of the homeowners' premiums we underwrote were from Allstate's network of Florida agents, 
and this concentration may continue to increase. An interruption or change in our relationship with ISA could have a material 
adverse effect on the amount of premiums we are able to write, as well as our results of operations. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by a security breach or other attack involving our computer 
systems or the systems of one or more of our business partners or vendors. 

Our business requires that we build and maintain computer systems to run our operations and to store the significant 
volume of data that we acquire, including the personal confidential information of our customers, agents and employees and 
our intellectual property, trade secrets, and other sensitive business and financial information. These systems are subject to 
attacks by sophisticated third parties with substantial computing resources and capabilities. Such attacks may include, among 
other things, attempts to gain unauthorized access to this confidential or proprietary data or attempts to disrupt or shut down 
the  system.  Additionally,  an  employee,  consultant,  vendor  representative  or  other  person  with  legitimate  access  to  our 
systems  may  take  actions,  or  be  the  subject  of  a  security  breach  or  cyber-attack,  which  could  result  in  improper  or 
unauthorized  access  to  our  systems,  and  in  the  loss  or  theft  of our  intellectual  property  or  the  personal  information  of  our 
customers, agents or employees. 

We  undertake  substantial  efforts  to  protect  our  systems  and  sensitive  or  confidential  information.  These  efforts 
include  internal  processes  and  technological  defenses  that  are  preventative  or  detective,  and  other  controls  designed  to 
provide multiple layers of security protection. While we expend significant resources on these defensive measures, there can 
be no assurance that we will be successful in preventing attacks or detecting and stopping them once they have begun. 

We also conduct significant business functions and computer operations using the systems of third-party business 
partners and vendors, who provide software, hosting, communication, and other computer services to us. These third-party 
systems  may  experience  cyber-attacks  and  other  security  breaches,  which  could  result  in  the  loss,  theft  or  unauthorized 
publication of our information or the confidential information of our customers, agents or employees.  

Our  business  could  be  significantly  damaged  by  a  security  breach,  data  loss  or  corruption,  or  cyber-attack.  In 
addition to the potentially high costs of investigating and stopping such an event and implementing necessary fixes, we could 
incur  substantial  liability  if  confidential  customer,  agent  or  employee  information  is  stolen.  This  could  cause  a  significant 
disruption  of  our  ability  to  conduct  our  insurance  operations,  adversely  affect  our  competitive  position  if  trade  secrets  or 
other proprietary information is stolen, and have severe ramifications on our reputation and brand, resulting in a materially 
adverse  effect  on  our  ability  to  generate  new  and  renewal  business.  To  mitigate  these  costs,  we  carry  a  cyber-liability 
insurance policy. Our insurance may not be sufficient to protect against all financial and other loss. Additionally, this policy 
will not afford us coverage for security breaches, data loss, or cyber-attacks experienced by our third-party business partners 
who have access to our customer, agent, or employee data.  

We  rely  on  our  information  technology  and  telecommunications  systems,  and  the  failure  of  these  systems  could 
disrupt our operations.  

Our  business  is  highly  dependent  upon  the  successful  and  uninterrupted  functioning  of  our  current  information 
technology  and  telecommunications  systems.  We  rely  on  these  systems  to  process  new  and  renewal  business,  provide  
customer service, make claims payments and facilitate collections and cancellations, as well as to perform actuarial and other 
analytical functions necessary for pricing and product development. As a result, the failure of these systems could interrupt 
our  operations  and  adversely  affect  our  financial  results.  We  utilize  a  third-party  to  provide  certain  information  security 
related  services  designed  to  prevent  an  information  security  event  or  detect  one  timely.  Although  we  have  implemented 
security measures to protect our systems from computer viruses and intrusions by third parties, there can be no assurances 
that these measures will be effective. 

Nonstandard automobile insurance historically has a higher frequency of claims than standard automobile insurance, 
thereby  increasing our  potential  for  loss exposure  beyond  what  we  would  be  likely  to  experience  if  we  offered  only 
standard automobile insurance. 

Nonstandard automobile insurance is provided to insureds that are unable to obtain preferred or standard insurance 
coverage  because  of  their  payment  histories,  driving  records,  age,  vehicle  types,  or  prior  claims  histories.  This  type  of 
automobile  insurance  historically  has  a  higher  frequency  of  claims  than  does  preferred  or  standard  automobile  insurance 
policies, although the average dollar amount of the claim is usually smaller under nonstandard insurance policies. As a result, 
we  are  exposed  to  the  possibility  of  increased  loss  exposure  and  higher  claims  experience  than  would  be  the  case  if  we 
offered only standard automobile insurance. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our success depends on our ability to accurately price the risks we underwrite.  

The results of operations and the financial condition of our insurance company depend on our ability to underwrite 
and set premium rates accurately for a wide variety of risks. Rate adequacy is necessary to generate sufficient premiums to 
pay losses, LAE’s and underwriting expenses and to earn a profit. In order to price our products accurately, we must collect 
and properly analyze a substantial amount of data; develop, test and apply appropriate rating formulas; closely monitor and 
timely recognize changes in trends; and project both severity and frequency of losses with reasonable accuracy. Our ability to 
undertake these efforts successfully and price our products accurately is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some 
of which are outside our control, including: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the availability of sufficient reliable data and our ability to properly analyze available data; 

the uncertainties that inherently characterize estimates and assumptions; 

our selection and application of appropriate rating and pricing techniques;  

changes in legal standards, claim settlement practices, medical care expenses and restoration costs; 

regulatory restrictions; and 

legislatively imposed consumer initiatives. 

Consequently, we could underprice risks, which would negatively affect our profit margins, or we could overprice 
risks, which could reduce our sales volume and competitiveness. In either event, the profitability of our insurance company 
could be materially and adversely affected.  

Current operating resources are necessary to develop future new insurance products. 

We currently intend to expand our product offerings by underwriting additional insurance products and programs, 
and marketing them through our distribution network. Expansion of our product offerings will result in increases in expenses 
due to additional costs incurred in actuarial rate justifications, software and personnel. Offering additional insurance products 
may  also  require  regulatory  approval,  further  increasing  our  costs.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  we  will  be  successful 
bringing new insurance products to our marketplace in a manner that is profitable. 

Increased competition, competitive pressures, industry developments and market conditions could affect the growth 
of our business and adversely impact our financial results. 

We  operate  in  highly  competitive  markets  and  face  competition  from  national,  regional  and  residual  market 
insurance companies in the homeowners', commercial general liability, and automobile markets, many of whom are larger, 
have  greater  financial  and  other  resources,  have  higher  financial  strength  ratings  and  offer  more  diversified  insurance 
coverage.  Our  competitors  include  companies  that  market  their  products  through  agents,  as  well  as  companies  that  sell 
insurance directly to their customers. Large national writers may have certain competitive advantages over agency writers, 
including increased name recognition, increased loyalty of their customer base and reduced policy acquisition costs. We may 
be forced to reduce our premiums significantly to compete, which could make us less profitable and have a material adverse 
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we do not meet the prices offered by our competitors, 
we  may  lose  business  in  the  short  term,  which  could  also  result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition. 

MNIC has initially focused on the Florida homeowners' insurance market, which has increased our exposure to the 
factors  that  impact  the  Florida  insurance  market  generally,  such  as  the  occurrence  of  hurricanes,  trends  in  claims 
experience, and the impact of changes in Florida insurance law and regulations. 

MNIC  is  organized  as  a  Florida  property  and  casualty  insurer  and  has  initially  focused  primarily  on  the  Florida 
homeowners' insurance market. As a result, the presence of MNIC in the Florida market increases our exposure to the factors 
that  impact  insurers  in  the  Florida  market  generally,  such  as  the  occurrence  of  catastrophic  events  such  as  hurricanes,  the 
trends experienced in administering and resolving claims resulting from the increased use of private adjusters, and the impact 
of changes in Florida's insurance laws and regulations. To the extent that these factors may adversely affect our operations, 
the presence of MNIC in the Florida market will have the effect of magnifying the effect of those factors. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MNIC writes insurance policies that have a higher risk profile than those written by FNIC, allowing MNIC to reach 
a  broader  market  and  charge  higher  premiums.  While  MNIC's  underwriting  standards  avoids  the  highest  risk  policies,  the 
occurrence of a catastrophic event could result in greater losses per policy for MNIC and have a material adverse effect on 
the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows. 

Our executive management team is critical to the strategic direction of our company. If there were an unplanned loss 
of service by any of our officers our business could be harmed.  

We depend, and will continue to depend, on the services of our executive management team which includes Michael 
H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer and President and Peter J. Prygelski III, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Our 
success also will depend in part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified executive officers, experienced underwriting 
talent and other skilled employees who are knowledgeable about our business. If we were to lose the services of one or more 
members  of  our  executive  management  team,  our  business  could  be  adversely  affected.  Although  we  have  employment 
agreements with our executive officers, any unplanned loss of service could substantially harm our business. 

New homeowners’ insurance operations outside of the State of Florida may not be profitable.  

We  plan  to  continue  the  expansion  of  admitted  homeowners’  property  and  casualty  programs  into  other  states  as 
opportunities avail themselves. Risks associated with execution of our planned operations include the inability to market an 
adequately priced policy, inadequate commission structures, and overpriced or unavailable catastrophic reinsurance for wind 
events. Additionally, each state has its own authoritative body designed to regulate the insurance products and operations of 
new and existing insurance companies under their respective authority.  

There can be no guarantees that our operations will be profitable in a given state nor can there be any guarantees that 

the state authorities will allow us to do business in that state.  

Risks Related to an Investment in Our Shares  

Our stock price in recent years has been volatile and is likely to continue to be volatile. As a result, the market price of 
our common stock may drop below the price you pay, and you may not be able to resell your shares at a profit. 

The market price of our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, significant volatility from 

time to time. Such volatility may be affected by various factors and events, such as: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

our quarterly operating results, including a shortfall in operating revenue or net income from that expected by securities 
analysts and investors; 

recognition of large unanticipated accounting charges, such as related to a loss reserve enhancement; 

changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance or the financial performance of our competitors or 
companies in our industry generally; 

the  announcement  of  a  material  event  or  anticipated  event  involving  us  or  our  industry  or  the  markets  in  which  we 
operate; 

the issuance of a significant number of shares; and 

the  other  risk  factors  described  in  this  prospectus  supplement,  the  accompanying  prospectus  and  the  documents 
incorporated by reference herein. 

In  recent  years,  the  U.S.  stock  market  has  experienced  extreme  price  and  volume  fluctuations,  which  have 
sometimes affected the market price of the securities issued by a particular company in a manner unrelated to the operational 
performance of the company. This type of market effect could impact our common stock price as well. The volatility of our 
common stock means that the price of our common stock may have declined substantially at such time as you may look to 
sell your shares of our common stock. If our share price decreases, the value of your investment could decline. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have authorized but unissued preferred stock, which could affect rights of holders of common stock.  

Our  articles  of  incorporation  authorize  the  issuance  of  preferred  stock  with  designations,  rights  and  preferences 
determined  from  time  to  time  by  our  board  of  directors.  Accordingly,  our  board  of  directors  is  empowered,  without 
shareholder  approval,  to  issue  preferred  stock  with  dividends,  liquidation,  conversion,  voting  or  other  rights  that  could 
adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of common stock. In addition, the preferred stock could be 
issued as a method of discouraging a takeover attempt. Although we do not intend to issue any preferred stock at this time, 
we may do so in the future. 

Provisions  in  our  articles  of  incorporation  and  our  bylaws,  as  amended,  and  the  Florida  Business  Corporation  Act 
could make it more difficult to acquire us and may reduce the market price of our common stock. 

Our articles of incorporation and our bylaws presently contain certain provisions which may make it more difficult 
and time-consuming for shareholders or third parties to influence our management, policies or affairs, and may discourage, 
delay or prevent a transaction involving a change-in-control of the Company and offering a premium over the current market 
price of our common stock. These provisions include those which: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

prohibit cumulative voting in the election of our directors, 

establish a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms, 

provide that the written request of shareholders holding not less than one-third of all votes entitled to be cast on an issue 
is required for shareholders to call special meetings of our shareholders, 

establish advance notice and disclosure procedures for shareholders to bring matters, including nominations for election 
to our board, before a meeting of our shareholders, and 

• 

eliminate the ability of shareholders to take action by written consent in lieu of a shareholder meeting. 

As a result, we  may be less  likely to receive unsolicited offers to acquire us that some of our shareholders might 

consider beneficial.  

The Florida Business Corporation Act, as amended, contains provisions, which our directors have elected not to opt 
out of, that are designed to enhance the ability of our board to respond to and potentially defer attempts to acquire control of 
the  Company.  These  provisions  may  discourage  altogether  takeover  attempts  that  have  not  been  approved  by  our  board. 
These provisions may also adversely affect the price that a potential purchaser would be willing to pay for our common stock 
and, therefore, deprive you of the opportunity to obtain a takeover premium for your shares. These provisions could make the 
removal of our incumbent directors and management more difficult. These provisions may enable a minority of our directors 
and the holders of a minority of our outstanding voting stock or the holders of an existing control block to prevent, delay, 
discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest, even though the transaction may be favorable to 
the  interests  of  a  majority  of  our  non-affiliate  shareholders.  These  provisions  could  also  potentially  adversely  affect  the 
market price of our common stock.  

As a holding company, we depend on the earnings of our subsidiaries and their ability to pay management fees and 
dividends to the holding company as the primary source of our income.  

We are an insurance holding company whose primary assets are the stock of our subsidiaries. Our operations, and 
our ability to pay dividends or service future potential debt, are limited by the earnings of our subsidiaries and their payment 
of  their  earnings  to  us  in  the  form  of  management  fees,  commissions,  dividends,  loans,  advances or  the  reimbursement  of 
expenses. These payments can be made only when our subsidiaries have adequate earnings. In addition, dividend payments 
made to us by our insurance subsidiary are restricted by Florida law governing the insurance industry. Generally, Florida law 
limits the dividends payable by insurance companies under complicated formulas based on the subsidiary's available capital 
and earnings. 

Payment of dividends in the future will depend on our earnings and financial position and such other factors, as our 

Board of Directors deems relevant.  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future sales of our common stock may depress our stock price.  

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or otherwise, by us or by a major 
stockholder could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of 
additional equity securities.  

In addition, we  may issue additional shares of our common stock from time to time in the future in amounts that 
may be significant. The sale of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that these sales may occur, could 
adversely impact our stock price.  

As of December 31, 2015, there were 174,633 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable stock 
options and 367,071 additional shares available for grant under our equity-based compensation plans. The market price of the 
common  shares  may  be  depressed by  the potential  exercise  of these  options or  grant  of  these  shares.  The holders of  these 
options are likely to exercise them when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional capital on more favorable terms 
than those provided by the options. 

ITEM 1B       UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

None. 

ITEM 2          PROPERTIES  

Our executive offices are located at 14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, Florida 33323 in an 18,554 
square foot office facility. Our original lease for this office space was scheduled to expire in May 2017. During March 2014, 
we  extended  our  lease  term  to  expire  in  August  2019  and  expanded  the  leased  premises  to  include  an  additional  13,642 
square  feet.  During  September  2015,  we  extended  our  lease  term  to  expire  in  December  2022  and  expanded  the  leased 
premises to include an additional 10,048 square feet. We also lease office space in Bonita Springs, Florida.  Refer to note 8 
set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for further information about our 
leases.  

ITEM 3          LEGAL PROCEEDINGS  

In  the  ordinary  course  of  conducting  our  business,  we  become  involved  in  various  legal  actions  and  claims.  
Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and we may be unable to accurately predict the outcome of such matters, some of 
which could be decided unfavorably to us.  Management does not believe the ultimate outcome of any pending matters of the 
nature described above would be material.  Refer to note 8 set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental 
Data” of this Form 10-K for additional information on legal proceedings. 

ITEM 4          MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

ITEM 5           MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Our common stock is listed for trading on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “FNHC”. The following 
table sets forth quarterly high and low closing sale prices as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. These reported prices 
reflect prices between dealers,  without  accounting for retail  mark-ups, markdowns  or  commissions,  and  may  not represent 
actual transactions. 

Quarter Ended:
March 31, 2015
June 30, 2015
September 30, 2015
December 31, 2015

March 31, 2014
June 30, 2014
September 30, 2014
December 31, 2014

High

Low

$       

31.87
31.76
25.90
32.61

$       

18.40
26.60
28.22
37.04

$       

23.15
23.26
20.23
23.54

$       

12.17
18.02
19.70
23.60

The closing price of our common stock on March 7, 2016 was $ 21.10. 

HOLDERS 

As  of  March  7,  2016,  there  were  67  holders  of  record  of  our  common  stock.  We  believe  that  the  number  of 

beneficial owners of our common stock is in excess of 6,700. 

DIVIDENDS 

The Board of Directors of FNHC declared regular quarterly dividends as follows:  

 

 

 

$0.05 per common share payable on December 1, 2015 and March 1, 2016 to shareholders of record as of 
November 2, 2015 and February 1, 2016; 

$0.04 per common share payable on March 2, June 1 and September 1, 2015 to shareholders of record as of 
February 2, May 4 and August 3, 2015; 

$0.03 per common share payable on September 3 and December 2, 2013 and March 3, June 2, September 2 
and December  1,  2014  to  shareholders  of  record  as of  August  5  and November  4,  2013  and  February  3, 
May 5, August 4 and November 3, 2014; 

 

$0.02 per common share payable on March 4, 2013 to shareholders of record as of February 4, 2013. 

Payment of dividends in the future will depend on our earnings and financial position and such other factors, as our 
Board of Directors deems relevant. Moreover, our ability to continue to pay dividends may be restricted by regulatory limits 
on the amount of dividends that FNIC and MNIC are permitted to pay to the parent company.  

21 

 
 
 
 
 
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS 

The following table summarizes our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2015. All equity compensation 
plans were approved by our shareholders. We have not granted any options, warrants or rights to our shareholders outside of 
these equity compensation plans. 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Number of securities to 
be issued upon exercise of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights
(b)

Number of securities 
remaining available for 
future issuance under 
equity compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in column (a))
(c)

174,633

3.79

367,071

Plan category

Equity compensation plans 
approved by stock holders

For additional information concerning our equity compensation, refer to note 10 set forth in Part II, Item 8 

“Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH 

The  following  graph  shows  the  cumulative  total  shareholder  return on  our  common  stock over  the  last  five  fiscal 
years  as  compared  with  the  total  returns  of  the  NASDAQ  Composite  Index  and  the  SNL  Property  &  Casualty  Insurance 
Index. In accordance with SEC rules, this graph includes indices that we believe are comparable and appropriate. 

Returns are based on the change in year-end to year-end price. The graph assumes $100 was invested on December 
31, 2010 in our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the SNL Property & Casualty Insurance Index and that 
all dividends were reinvested. Past performance is not necessarily an indicator of future results. 

Our  filings  with  the  SEC  may  incorporate  information  by  reference,  including  this  Form  10-K.    Unless  we 
specifically  state  otherwise,  the  information  under  this  heading  "Stock  Performance  Graph"  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be 
"soliciting materials" and shall not be deemed to be "filed" with the SEC or incorporated by reference into any of our filings 
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 6   

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

The  following  selected  consolidated  financial  data  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial 
statements and notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” 
appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue:

Net premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realized investment gains
Other income 

Total revenue

Costs and expenses:

Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Commissions and other underwriting expenses
General and administrative expenses
Total costs and expenses
Income (loss) before income taxes

Income taxes expense (benefit) 

Net income (loss)

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

Net income (loss) attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders

Per share data:
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Federated National Holding Company 
shareholders:
Basic
Diluted 

Dividends 

2015

2015

2014

Year Ended December 31,
2013
(in thousands, except per share data)

2012

2011

$        

210,020
7,226
3,616
29,031
249,893

$         

170,905
5,385
4,426
19,976
200,692

$        

104,381
3,332
2,881
11,143
121,737

$          

59,359
3,819
1,072
4,397
68,647

$            

48,523
4,079
2,725
4,836
60,163

104,353
65,315
15,032
184,700
65,193
24,753
40,440
(445)
40,885

$         

81,036
52,077
10,272
143,385
57,307
20,108
37,199
-
37,199

$          

56,410
38,580
7,529
102,519
19,218
6,491
12,727
-
12,727

$         

30,209
26,515
5,175
61,899
6,748
2,435
4,313
-
4,313

$            

30,896
25,325
4,942
61,163
(1,000)
(570)
(430)
-
(430)

$              

$              
$              
$              

2.98
2.92
0.18

$               
$               
$               

3.08
2.99
0.13

$              
$              
$              

1.50
1.45
0.11

$              
$              
$              

0.53
0.53
0.02

(0.05)
$              
$              
(0.05)
$                 
-

2014

December 31,
2013
(in thousands, except per share data)

2012

2011

Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and invested assets
Total assets
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Total liabilities
Total shareholders' equity
Book value per share

$     

$     

$     

$     

$     

437,369
638,298
97,340
387,539
250,759
18.17

370,920
503,631
78,330
311,052
192,579
14.13

262,156
316,741
61,016
208,247
108,494
9.95

151,238
185,888
49,908
119,983
65,905
8.26

144,672
179,980
59,983
121,836
58,144
7.32

$         

$         

$           

$           

$           

24 

 
 
 
 
              
               
              
              
                
              
               
              
              
                
            
             
            
              
                
          
           
          
            
              
          
             
            
            
              
            
             
            
            
              
            
             
              
              
                
          
           
          
            
              
            
             
            
              
              
            
             
              
              
                 
            
             
            
              
                 
               
                  
                  
                  
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS 

Overview 

The  following  overview  does  not  address  all  of  the  matters  covered  in  the  other  sections  of  Management’s 
Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  or  contain  all  of  the  information  that  may  be 
important to our shareholders or the investing public.  This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 

  Net  income  attributable  to  FNHC  shareholders  totaled  $40.9  million  in  2015,  compared  with  $37.2  million  in 

2014 and $12.7 million in 2013.  

  Total revenues totaled $249.9 million in 2015, compared with $200.7 million in 2014 and $121.7 million in 2013. 

  Gross  premiums  written  totaled  $493.8  million  in  2015,  compared  with  $377.2  million  in  2014  and  $243.4  in 

2013.  

  Total  investments  increased  $53.5  million,  to  $384.3  million  as  of  December  31,  2015,  compared  with  $330.8 

million as of December 31, 2014. 

  Cash  and  cash  equivalents  increased  $12.8  million,  to  $53.0  million  as  of  December  31,  2015,  compared  with 

$40.2 million as of December 31, 2014. 

  Combined ratio was 87.9% in 2015, compared with 83.9% in 2014 and 98.2% in 2013.  The combined ratio is 

calculated by dividing losses and LAE plus all other costs and expenses. 

 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  
Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2014 

  Net Premiums Earned  

Net  premiums  earned  increased  $39.1  million,  or  22.9%,  to  $210.0  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2015,  compared  with  $170.9  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.  This  increase  was  primarily  due  to  an 
increase  in  our  homeowners’  in-force  policy  count  to  242,702  as  of  December  31,  2015,  compared  with  182,557  as  of 
December 31, 2014.  Additionally, the growth in the policy count is driven by management’s strategy to grow market share 
by providing exceptional service to our customers and partner agents. 

  Net Investment Income  

  Net investment income increased $1.8 million, or 34.2%, to $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, 
compared  with  $5.4  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.   This  increase  is  mainly  due  to  a  year-over-year 
overall growth of our investment portfolio, specifically growth in the debt securities investment offset by a decrease in our 
debt  securities  investment  yields,  net,  which  were  2.3%  and  2.7%  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015  and  2014, 
respectively.  

  Net Realized Investment Gains  

Net  realized  investment  gains  totaled  $3.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  compared  with  $4.4 
million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The slight decrease is due to less favorable market conditions for the year 
ended December 2015, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Income 

Other income increased $9.0 million, or 45.0%, to $29.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared 

with $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The following table represents the other income detail as follows: 

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

(in thousands)

Other income: 

Direct written policy fees
Commission income 
Brokerage revenue
Quota-share profit sharing
Finance revenue

Total 

$                         

$                           

11,248
7,811
4,979
3,077
1,916
29,031

8,689
4,517
2,513
2,792
1,465
19,976

$                        

$                        

The increase in policy fees and brokerage revenue is directly related to the increase in gross written premiums and 
ceded premiums over the prior year.  Additionally, the change in commission income is related to continued growth in our 
book of business. 

  Losses and LAE  

Losses and LAE increased $23.3 million, or 28.8%, to $104.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, 
compared with $81.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.   The increase to losses and LAE’s is directly related 
to an increase in net premiums earned and an increase in our loss ratio year over year.  Our loss ratio for 2015 was 49.7% 
compared with 47.4% for the same period in 2014.  The increase in the ratio is the result of an unfavorable development from 
assignment of benefits and the temporary discontinuation of the underwriting analytics.  The underwriting analytics were not 
used for several months in the second and third quarter of 2015, due to our compliance with a cease and desist order from the 
Florida OIR requiring us to obtain approval of these analytics.  The temporary discontinuation of the underwriting analytics 
caused us to underwrite polices outside of our standard process.   

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses 

Commissions  and  other  underwriting  expenses  increased  $13.2  million,  or  25.4%,  to  $65.3  million  for  the  year 
ended  December  31,  2015,  compared  with $52.1  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.    The  increase  is  directly 
related to the significant increase in net premiums written and earned during the same period.  

General and Administrative Expenses 

General and administrative expenses increased $4.7 million, or 46.3%, to $15.0 million for the year ended December 
31, 2015, compared with $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The change is due to an increase in salaries 
and benefits, including share-based compensation, legal and professional fees, including $0.9 million of start-up costs related 
to the organization of Monarch.  Professional fees include audit, tax and actuarial fees.  The increased costs are in support of 
the significant growth in our gross and net premiums written in 2015 as compared to 2014. 

Income Taxes  

Income taxes increased $4.7 million, or 23.1%, to $24.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared 
with  $20.1  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.    The  change  was  due  to  an  increase  in  taxable  income  and  an 
increase in our effective tax rate.  Our effective tax rate was 38.0% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with 
35.1%  for  the year  ended December 31, 2014.  The  increase in  the  effective  tax  rate  is the  result of  having  less  permanent 
items and true up adjustments in 2015 as compared to 2014. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  
Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2013 

Net Premiums Earned  

Net  premiums  earned  increased  $66.5  million,  or  63.7%,  to  $170.9  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2014,  compared  with  $104.4  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013.  This  increase  was  primarily  due  to  an 
increase  in  our  homeowners’  in-force  policy  count  to  182,557  as  of  December  31,  2014,  compared  with  116,401  as  of 
December 31, 2013.  Additionally, the growth in the policy count is driven by management’s strategy to grow market share 
by providing exceptional service to our customers, partner agents and obtaining the Allstate relationship during 2013. 

Net Investment Income  

Net investment income increased $2.1 million, or 61.6%, to $5.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, 
compared  with  $3.3  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013.   This  increase  is  mainly  due  to a  year-over-year 
overall growth of our investment portfolio and an increase in our debt securities investment yields. Our investment yield, net 
was 2.7%  and  2.1%, for  the years  ended  December  31, 2014  and  2013,  respectively.  Our  lower  investment  yield  in  2013 
primarily resulted from selling higher yielding and longer duration bonds and purchasing shorter duration and lower yielding 
bonds to protect our bond portfolio against principal erosion and our average cash holdings were much higher in 2013. 

Net Realized Investment Gains  

Net realized investment gains were $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with $2.9 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase is due to more favorable market conditions for the year ended December 
2014 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2013.   

Other Income 

Other income increased $8.9 million, or 80.2%, to $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared 

with $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The following table represents the other income detail as follows: 

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2013

(in thousands)

Other income: 

Direct written policy fees
Commission income 
Brokerage revenue
Quota-share profit sharing
Finance revenue

Total 

$                           

$                           

8,689
4,517
2,513
2,792
1,465
19,976

6,196
2,646
1,435
-
866
11,143

$                        

$                        

The  increase  in  policy  fees  is  directly  related  to  the  increase  in  gross  written  premiums  over  the  prior  year.  
Additionally, the change in commission increase is related to continued growth in our book of business as well as entering 
into a commission sharing agreement with our reinsurance intermediary. 

  Losses and LAE 

Losses  and  LAE  increased  by  $24.6  million  or  43.6%,  to  $81.0  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014, 
compared  with  $56.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013.    The  increase  reflects  a  significant  increase  in  net 
premiums earned, offset by a decrease in the loss ratio to 47% during the year ended December 2014 from 54% during the 
year ended December 31, 2013, which was primarily driven by an increase in the amount of ceded premiums year over year. 

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses 

Commissions  and  other  underwriting  expenses  increased  $13.5  million,  or  35.0%,  to  $52.1  million  for  the  year 
ended  December  31,  2014,  compared  with $38.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013.    The  increase  is  directly 
related to the significant increase in net premiums written and earned during the same period.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                                
                             
                                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and Administrative Expenses 

General and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million, or 36.4%, to $10.3 million for the year ended December 
31, 2014, compared with $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.  The change is due to an increase in salaries 
and benefits, including share-based compensation, and professional fees.  Professional fees include audit, tax and actuarial 
fees.  The increased costs are in support of the significant growth in our gross and net premiums written in 2014 as compared 
to 2013. 

Income Taxes  

Income taxes increased $13.6 million, to $20.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with $6.5 
million for the year ended December 31, 2013.  The change was due to an increase in taxable income and an increase in our 
effective tax rate.  Our effective tax rate was 35.1% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared with 33.8% for the year 
ended December 31, 2013.  

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

Our  primary  sources  of  funds  are  net  premiums,  investment  income,  commissions  and  fee  income.    Our  primary 
uses of funds are the payment of claims and operating expenses.  As of December 31, 2015, we had $53.0 million in cash and 
cash equivalents and $384.3 million in investments. 

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $52.9 million, compared to net 
cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $63.1 million.  This increase was primarily as 
a result of the growth in the prepaid reinsurance premium account.  

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $63.6 million, compared to net cash 
used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $107.9 million.  This decrease was the result of less net 
purchases, maturities and redemptions of investment securities as compared to prior year. 

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $23.6 million, compared to net 
cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $43.5 million.  This decrease was primarily 
due to $43.1 million related to issuance of common stock in public offering during the year ended December 31, 2014 offset 
by $18.7 million related to the noncontrolling interest equity investment and $5.0 million related to the issuance of debt in 
our consolidated VIE during the year ended December 31, 2015. 

We believe that existing cash and investment balances, when combined with anticipated cash flows as noted above, 
will  be  adequate  to  meet  our  expected  liquidity  needs  in  both  the  short-term  and  the  reasonably  foreseeable  future.    Any 
future growth strategy may require external financing, and we may from time to time seek to obtain external financing.  We 
cannot  assure  that  additional  sources  of  financing  will  be  available  to  us  on  favorable  terms,  or  at  all,  or  that  any  such 
financing would not negatively impact our results of operations. 

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  data  presented  herein  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), which requires the measurement of financial position and operating 
results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to 
inflation. Our primary assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact 
on performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or 
with the same magnitude as the inflationary effect on the cost of paying losses and LAE’s.  

Insurance  premiums  are  established  before  we  know  the  amount  of  losses  and  LAE’s  and  the  extent  to  which 
inflation may affect such expenses. Consequently, we attempt to anticipate the future impact of inflation when establishing 
rate levels. While we attempt to charge adequate premiums, we may be limited in raising premium levels for competitive and 
regulatory reasons. Inflation may also affect the market value of our investment portfolio and the investment rate of return. 
Any future economic changes that result in prolonged and increasing levels of inflation could cause increases in the dollar 
amount of incurred losses and LAE’s and thereby materially adversely affect future liability requirements. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS  

A  summary  of  long-term  contractual  obligations  as  of  December  31,  2015  follows  (in  thousands).  The  amounts 

represent estimates of gross undiscounted amounts payable over time. 

Payments Due By Period

Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (1)
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity
Other liabilities
Operating leases
Total

Less
than
1 Year
57,781
$  
-
120
918
58,819

$ 

$  

1-3
Years
33,981
-
120
1,887
35,988

$ 

$       

Total

97,340
5,000
240
6,909
109,489

$    

3-5
Years

$           

4,712
-
-
2,000
6,712

More
than
5 Years
$                 

866
5,000
-
2,104
7,970

$           

$             

(1)  Loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  reserves  do not  have  contractual  maturity  dates;  however,  based  on  historical  payment  patterns,  the  amount 
presented is our estimate of the expected timing of these payments.  The timing of payments is subject to significant uncertainty.  We maintain a 
portfolio of marketable investments with varying maturities and a substantial amount of cash and cash equivalents intended to provide adequate 
cash flows for such payments. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  make 
estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying 
notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates 
requires  the  exercise  of  judgment.  Actual  results  inevitably  will  differ  from  those  estimates,  and  such  differences  may  be 
material to the financial statements. 

We believe our most critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements are: (i) fair 
value  measurements  of  our  investments,  (ii)  accounting  for  investments,  (iii)  premium  and  unearned  premium  calculation, 
(iv)  reinsurance  contracts,  (v)  the  amount  and  recoverability  of  amortization  of  Deferred  Acquisition  Costs  (“DAC”),  (vi) 
reserve for loss and losses adjustment expenses and (vii) income taxes.  The accounting estimates that result require the use 
of  assumptions  about  certain  matters  that  are  highly  uncertain  at  the  time  of  estimation.    To  the  extent  actual  experience 
differs from the assumptions used, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be affected.  

 FAIR VALUE 

 The  fair  value  is  the  price  that  would  be  received  to  sell  an  asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  between  market 
participants  in  the  principal  market  or  in  the  most  advantageous  market  when  no  principal  market  exists.    Adjustments  to 
transaction prices or quoted market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.  
Alternative valuation techniques may be appropriate under the circumstances to determine the value that would be received to 
sell  an  asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction.    Market  participants  are  assumed  to  be  independent, 
knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and not acting under duress.  Our nonperformance or credit risk is 
considered in determining the fair value of liabilities.  Considerable judgment  may be required in interpreting market data 
used  to  develop  the  estimates  of  fair  value.    Accordingly,  estimates  of  fair  value  presented  herein  are  not  necessarily 
indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange. 

INVESTMENTS  

Investments consist of debt and equity securities.  Debt securities consist of securities with an initial fixed maturity 
of  more  than  one  year,  which  include  corporate  bonds,  municipal  bonds  and  United  States  government  bonds.    Equity 
securities  generally  consist  of  securities  that  represent  ownership  interests  in  an  enterprise.    The  Company  determines  the 
appropriate  classification  of  investments  in  debt  and  equity  securities  at  the  acquisition  date  and  re-evaluates  the 
classification at each balance sheet date.   

Held-to-maturity  investments  are  recorded  at  the  amortized  cost,  reflecting  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  the 
securities to maturity.  All other securities were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value.  Unrealized gains 
and  losses  during  the  year,  net  of  the  related  tax  effect  applicable  to  available-for-sale,  are  excluded  from  income  and 
reflected  in  other  comprehensive  income,  and  the  cumulative  effect  is  reported  as  a  separate  component  of  shareholders’ 
equity until realized.  If a decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair 

29 

 
 
 
 
           
              
              
                    
                
              
         
         
                    
                        
           
         
      
             
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
value and the amount of the write-down is recorded as an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss on the statement of 
income.  In addition, any portion of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than 
credit is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather than against income. 

Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. 

Net  investment  income  consists  primarily  of  interest  income  from  debt  securities,  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
including any premium amortization or discount accretion and dividend income from equity securities; less expenses related 
to investments. 

  PREMIUMS AND UNEARNED PREMIUMS  

Premiums are recognized as revenue on a pro-rata basis over the term of an insurance policy.  Assumed reinsurance 
premiums  written  and  earned  are  based  on  reports  received  from  ceding  companies  for  pro-rata  treaty  contracts  and  are 
generally  recorded  as  written  based  on  contract  terms  for  excess-of-loss  and  quota  share  contracts.    Premiums  are  earned 
ratably over the terms of the related coverage. 

Unearned  premiums  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  represent  the  portion  of  gross  premiums  written  and  ceded 

premiums written, respectively, relating to the unexpired terms of such coverage.   

Premium receivable balances are reported net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible premium amounts.  Such 
allowance is based upon an ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length of collection periods, the creditworthiness of the 
insured and other relevant factors.  Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance. 

  REINSURANCE  

Reinsurance is used to mitigate the exposure to losses, manage capacity and protect capital resources.  Reinsuring 
loss exposures does not relieve a ceding entity from its obligations to policyholders and cedants.  Reinsurance recoverables 
(including  amounts  related  to  claims  incurred  but  not  reported)  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  are  reported  as  assets.    To 
minimize exposure to losses from a reinsurer’s inability to pay, the financial condition of such reinsurer is evaluated initially 
upon  placement  of  the  reinsurance  and  periodically  thereafter.    In  addition  to  considering  the  financial  condition  of  the 
reinsurer,  the  collectability  of  the  reinsurance  recoverables  is  evaluated  (and  where  appropriate,  whether  an  allowance  for 
estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables  is  to  be  established)  based  upon  a  number  of  other  factors.    Such  factors 
include  the  amounts  outstanding,  length  of  collection  periods,  disputes,  any  collateral  or  letters  of  credit  held  and  other 
relevant factors.  To the extent that an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable is established, amounts deemed to 
be  uncollectible  are  written  off  against  the  allowance  for  estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables.    The  Company 
currently has no allowances for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables. 

Ceded premiums written are recorded in accordance with applicable terms of the various reinsurance contracts and 
ceded premiums earned are charged against revenue over the period of the various reinsurance contracts.  This also generally 
applies to reinstatement premiums paid to a reinsurer, which arise when contractually-specified ceded loss triggers have been 
breached.  Ceded commissions reduce commissions, brokerage and other underwriting expenses and ceded losses incurred 
reduce net  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  incurred over  the  applicable  periods of  the various  reinsurance  contracts  with 
third  party  reinsurers.    If  premiums  or  commissions  are  subject  to  adjustment  (for  example,  retrospectively-rated  or 
experience-rated), the estimated ultimate premium or commission is recognized over the period of the contract. 

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with 

the reinsured business and consistent with the terms of the underlying reinsurance contract. 

  DAC  

DAC represent those costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal 
of  existing  insurance  contracts.    The  Company  defers  incremental  costs  that  result  directly  from,  and  are  essential  to,  the 
acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract.  Such DAC generally include agent or broker commissions, premium taxes, 
medical and inspection fees that would not have been incurred if the insurance contract had not been acquired or renewed.  
Each cost is analyzed to assess whether it is fully deferrable.   

The Company also defers a portion of the employee total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly 
related to time spent performing specific acquisition or renewal activities, including costs associated with the time spent on 
underwriting, policy issuance and processing, and sales force contract selling.   

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums written are earned, 
generally 12 months.  It is grouped consistent with the manner in which the insurance contracts are acquired, serviced and 
measured for profitability and is reviewed for recoverability based on the profitability of the underlying insurance contracts.  
Investment income is anticipated in assessing the recoverability of DAC.  The Company assesses the recoverability of DAC 
on an annual basis or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. 

  LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES  

Overview   

The estimation of the liability for unpaid loss and LAE is inherently difficult and subjective, especially in view of 
changing  legal  and  economic  environments  that  impact  the  development  of  loss  reserves,  and  therefore,  quantitative 
techniques frequently have to be supplemented by subjective considerations and managerial judgment. In addition, trends that 
have  affected  development  of  liabilities  in  the  past  may  not  necessarily  occur  or  affect  liability  development  to  the  same 
degree in the future. 

Each  of  our  insurance  companies  establishes  reserves  on  its  balance  sheet  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  related  to  its 
property and casualty insurance and related reinsurance contracts. As of any balance sheet date, there are claims that have not 
yet  been  reported,  and  some  claims  may  not  be  reported  for  many  years  after  the  date  a  loss  occurs.  As  a  result  of  this 
historical pattern, the liability for unpaid loss and LAE includes significant estimates for IBNR claims. Additionally, reported 
claims are in various stages of the settlement process. Each claim is settled individually based upon its merits, and certain 
claims  may  take  years  to  settle,  especially  if  legal  action  is  involved.  As  a  result,  the  liabilities  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE 
include significant judgments, assumptions and estimates made by management relating to the actual ultimate losses that will 
arise from the claims. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the process of establishing these liabilities, the actual ultimate loss 
from a claim is likely to differ, perhaps materially, from the liability initially recorded. 

As  noted  above,  as  of  any  balance  sheet  date,  not  all  claims  that  have  occurred  have  been  reported  to  us,  and  if 
reported may not have been settled. The time period between the occurrence of a loss and the time it is settled is referred to as 
the “claim tail.” In general, actuarial judgments for shorter-tailed lines of business generally have much less of an effect on 
the  determination  of  the  loss  reserve  amount  than  when  those  same  judgments  are  made  regarding  longer-tailed  lines  of 
business.  Reported  losses  for  the  shorter-tailed  classes,  such  as  property  and  certain  marine,  aviation  and  energy  classes, 
generally  reach  the  ultimate  level  of  incurred  losses  in  a  relatively  short  period  of  time.  Rather  than  having  to  rely  on 
actuarial  assumptions  for  many  accident  years,  these  assumptions  are  generally  only  relevant  for  the  more  recent  accident 
years.  

The  process  of  recording  quarterly  and  annual  liabilities  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  for  short-tail  lines  is  primarily 
focused  on  maintaining  an  appropriate  reserve  level  for  reported  claims  and  IBNR.  Specifically,  we  assess  the  reserve 
adequacy of IBNR in light of such factors as the current levels of reserves for reported claims and expectations with respect 
to reporting lags, catastrophe events, historical data, legal developments, and economic conditions, including the effects of 
inflation. 

Standard  actuarial  methodologies  employed  to  estimate  ultimate  losses  incorporate  the  inherent  lag  from  the  time 
claims occur to when they are reported to an insurer and, if applicable, to when an insurer reports the claims to a reinsurer. 
Certain actuarial methodologies may be more appropriate than others in instances where this lag may not be consistent from 
period  to  period.  Consequently,  additional  actuarial  judgment  is  employed  in  the  selection  of  methodologies  to  best 
incorporate the potential impact of this situation. 

Our  insurance  companies  provide  coverage  on  both  a  claims-made  and  occurrence  basis.  Claims-made  policies 
generally  require  that  claims  occur  and  be  reported  during  the  coverage  period  of  the  policy.  Occurrence  policies  allow 
claims which occur during a policy’s coverage period to be reported after the coverage period, and as a result, these claims 
can  have  a  very  long  claim  tail,  occasionally  extending  for  decades.  Casualty  claims  can  have  a  very  long  claim  tail,  in 
certain  situations  extending  for  many  years.  In  addition,  casualty  claims  are  more  susceptible  to  litigation  and  the  legal 
environment and can be significantly affected by changing contract interpretations, all of which contribute to extending the 
claim  tail.  For  long-tail  casualty  lines  of  business,  estimating  the  ultimate  liabilities  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  is  a  more 
complex  process  and  depends  on  a  number  of  factors,  including  the  line  and  volume  of  the  business  involved.  For  these 
reasons, our insurance companies will generally use actuarial projections in setting reserves for all casualty lines of business.  

In  conformity  with  GAAP,  our  insurance  companies  are  not  permitted  to  establish  reserves for  catastrophe  losses 
that have not occurred. Therefore, losses related to a significant catastrophe, or accumulation of catastrophes, in any reporting 
period could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition during that period. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  believe  that  the  reserves  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  established  by our  insurance  companies  are  adequate  as of 
December 31, 2015; however, additional reserves, which could have a material impact upon our financial condition, results 
of operations and cash flows, may be necessary in the future. 

Methodologies and Assumptions  

Our insurance companies use a variety of techniques that employ significant judgments and assumptions to establish 
the  liabilities  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  recorded  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  These  techniques  include  detailed  statistical 
analyses  of  past  claims  reporting,  settlement  activity,  claims  frequency,  internal  loss  experience,  changes  in  pricing  or 
coverages and severity data when sufficient information exists to lend statistical credibility to the analyses. More subjective 
techniques  are  used  when  statistical  data  is  insufficient  or  unavailable.  These  liabilities  also  reflect  implicit  or  explicit 
assumptions regarding the potential effects of future inflation, judicial decisions, changes in laws and recent trends in such 
factors, as well as a number of actuarial assumptions that vary across our reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries and across 
lines  of  business.  This  data  is  analyzed  by  line  of  business,  coverage,  accident  year  or  underwriting  year  and  reinsurance 
contract type, as appropriate.  

Our loss reserve review processes use actuarial methods that vary by operating subsidiary and line of business and 

produce point estimates for each class of business. The actuarial methods used include the following methods: 

  Reported  Loss  Development  Method:  a  reported  loss  development  pattern  is  calculated  based  on  historical  loss 
development data, and this pattern is then used to project the latest evaluation of cumulative reported losses for each 
accident year or underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

  Paid Development Method: a paid loss development pattern is calculated based on historical paid loss development 
data, and this pattern is then used to project the latest evaluation of cumulative paid losses for each accident year or 
underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

  Expected  Loss  Ratio  Method:  expected  loss  ratios  are  applied  to  premiums  earned,  based  on  historical  company 
experience, or historical insurance industry results when company experience is deemed not to be sufficient; and 

  Bornhuetter-Ferguson Method: the results from the Expected Loss Ratio Method are essentially blended with either 

the Reported Loss Development Method or the Paid Development Method. 

The primary actuarial assumptions used by insurance companies include the following: 

  Expected  loss  ratios  represent  management’s  expectation  of  losses,  in  relation  to  earned  premium,  at  the  time 
business is written, before any actual claims experience has emerged. This expectation is a significant determinant 
of  the  estimate  of  loss  reserves  for  recently  written  business  where  there  is  little  paid  or  incurred  loss  data  to 
consider.  Expected  loss  ratios  are  generally  derived  from  historical  loss  ratios  adjusted  for  the  impact  of  rate 
changes, loss cost trends and known changes in the type of risks underwritten. For certain longer-tailed reinsurance 
business  that  are  typically  lower  frequency,  high  severity  classes,  expected  loss  ratios  are  often  used  for  the  last 
several accident years or underwriting years, as appropriate. 

  Rate  of  loss  cost  inflation  (or  deflation)  represents  management’s  expectation  of  the  inflation  associated  with  the 
costs we may  incur in the future to settle claims. Expected loss cost inflation is particularly important for longer-
tailed classes 

  Reported and paid loss emergence patterns represent management’s expectation of how losses will be reported and 
ultimately paid in the future based on the historical emergence patterns of reported and paid losses and are derived 
from past experience of our subsidiaries, modified for current trends. These emergence patterns are used to project 
current reported or paid loss amounts to their ultimate settlement value. 

In  the  absence  of  sufficiently  credible  internally-derived  historical  information,  each  of  the  above  actuarial 
assumptions  may  also  incorporate  data  from  the  insurance  industries  as  a  whole,  or  peer  companies  writing  substantially 
similar  coverages.  Data  from  external  sources  may  be  used  to  set  expectations,  as  well  as  assumptions  regarding  loss 
frequency  or  severity  relative  to  an  exposure  unit  or  claim,  among  other  actuarial  parameters.  Assumptions  regarding  the 
application or composition of peer group or industry reserving parameters require substantial judgment. 

32 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Frequency and Severity  

Loss  frequency  and  severity  are  measures  of  loss  activity that  are  considered  in  determining  the  key  assumptions 
described above. Loss frequency is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity is a 
measure of the average size of claims. Factors affecting loss frequency include the effectiveness of loss controls and safety 
programs and changes in economic conditions or weather patterns. Factors affecting loss severity include changes in policy 
limits,  retentions,  rate  of  inflation  and  judicial  interpretations.  Another  factor  affecting  estimates  of  loss  frequency  and 
severity is the loss reporting lag, which is the period of time between the occurrence of a loss and the date the loss is reported 
to our insurance companies. The length of the loss reporting lag affects their ability to accurately predict loss frequency (loss 
frequencies are more predictable for lines with short reporting lags), as well as the amount of reserves needed for IBNR. If 
the  actual  level  of  loss  frequency  and  severity  is  higher  or  lower  than  expected,  the  ultimate  losses  will  be  different  than 
management’s estimates.  

Prior Year Development  

Our  insurance  companies  continually  evaluate  the  potential  for  changes,  both  favorable  and  unfavorable,  in  their 
estimates  of  their  loss  and  LAE  liabilities  and  use  the  results  of  these  evaluations  to  adjust  both  recorded  liabilities  and 
underwriting  criteria.  With  respect  to  liabilities  for  unpaid  loss  and  LAE  established  in  prior  years,  these  liabilities  are 
periodically  analyzed  and  their  expected  ultimate  cost  adjusted,  where  necessary,  to  reflect  favorable  or  unfavorable 
development in loss experience and new information, including, for certain catastrophe events, revised industry estimates of 
the magnitude of a catastrophe. Adjustments to previously recorded liabilities for unpaid loss and LAE, both favorable and 
unfavorable, are reflected in our financial results in the periods in which these adjustments are made and are referred to as 
prior accident year reserve development. We adjusted our prior year loss and LAE reserve estimates during 2015, 2014 and 
2013  based  on  current  information  that  differed  from  previous  assumptions  made  at  the  time  such  loss  and  LAE  reserves 
were previously estimated.  

Refer  to  notes  1(l)  and  6  to  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  set  forth  in  Part  II,  Item 8,  “Financial 

Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K for additional information on our loss and LAE. 

INCOME TAXES 

Income  taxes  are  accounted  for  under  the  asset  and  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
recognized  for  the  estimated  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences  between  the  financial  statement  carrying 
amounts  of  existing  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  respective  tax  bases,  and  operating  loss,  capital  loss  and  tax-credit 
carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in 
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and 
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. 

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 

                 Refer  to  note  2(r),  “Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  –  Recent  Accounting  Pronouncements”  in  the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of 
this Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on the Company. 

OFF BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS 

For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no off balance sheet transactions. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7A        QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK  

Our investment objective is to maximize total rate of return after federal income taxes while maintaining liquidity 
and  minimizing  risk.  Our  current  investment  policy  limits  investment  in  non-investment-grade  debt  securities  (including 
high-yield  bonds),  and  limits  total  investments  in  preferred  stock,  common  stock  and  mortgage  notes  receivable.  We  also 
comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In 
general, these laws and regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, 
state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and common equity securities and real estate mortgages.  

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors Investment Committee and is reviewed on a regular 
basis. Pursuant to this investment policy, as of December 31, 2015, approximately 92% of investments were in debt securities 
and  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  which  are  considered  to  be  either  held  until  maturity  or  available-for-sale,  based  upon  our 
estimates of required liquidity. Approximately 98% of the debt securities are considered available-for-sale and are marked to 
market. We may in the future consider additional debt securities to be held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. We do 
not use any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio. 

The following table provides information about the financial instruments, as of December 31, 2015, that is sensitive 
to changes in interest rates.  The table presents principal cash flows and the related weighted average interest rate by expected 
maturity date based upon par values. 

Principal amount by expected maturity:
     United States government obligations
           and authorities
     Obligations of states and political subdivisions
     Corporate securities
     International securities
     Collateralized mortgage obligations
     Equity securities, at market
Total investments

Weighted average interest rate by expected maturity:
     United States government obligations
           and authorities
     Obligations of states and political subdivisions
     Corporate securities
     International securities
     Collateralized mortgage obligations
     Equity securities, at market
Total investments

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Thereafter

Total

$         

$         

$    

$      

$       

100
8,330
11,706
1,285
3,105
-
24,526

$  

$   
4,236
18,420
18,855
1,840
3,557
-
46,908

$

2,515
14,235
22,620
3,428
2,011
-
44,809

5,823
12,990
15,066
676
505
-
35,060

2,685
11,850
14,621
1,209
7,639
-
38,004

23,144
32,550
60,799
3,749
17,993
-
138,235

$   

38,503
98,375
143,667
12,187
34,810
-
327,542

$

$      

$      

$ 

$    

Carrying
Amount

$   
38,791
110,702
147,677
12,394
36,233
38,534
384,331

$

4.48%
4.73%
3.85%
2.47%
5.49%
0.00%
4.29%

0.70%
4.52%
3.46%
3.53%
3.93%
0.00%
3.67%

1.17%
5.03%
4.02%
2.80%
2.67%
0.00%
4.03%

1.70%
5.00%
4.58%
5.41%
4.13%
0.00%
4.27%

1.65%
4.95%
3.70%
3.55%
4.22%
0.00%
4.04%

1.99%
4.81%
3.93%
4.30%
3.57%
0.00%
3.78%

1.73%
4.82%
3.92%
3.56%
3.88%
0.00%
3.92%

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
      
   
         
         
    
   
         
         
        
      
     
           
              
          
        
              
             
                   
                   
              
                  
              
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 8  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm..................................................................................  
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
  as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 ......................................................................................................................  
Consolidated Statements of Operations 
  For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 .....................................................................................  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  
  For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 .....................................................................................  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity 
  For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 .....................................................................................  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
  For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 .....................................................................................  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ...........................................................................................................  

PAGE 

36 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 
45 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

The Board of Directors and Shareholders  
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries  as 
of  December  31,  2015  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of    operations,  comprehensive  income,  changes  in 
shareholders' equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015. Our audit also included the financial statement 
schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company's 
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audit. 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 
statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts 
and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit 
provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

In  our  opinion,  the  financial  statements  referred  to  above present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  consolidated  financial 
position of Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries at December 31, 2015 and the consolidated results of their 
operations  and  their  cash  flows  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  in  conformity  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic 
financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  subsidiaries'  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2015, 
based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  and  our  report  dated  March  14,  2016  expressed  an  unqualified  opinion 
thereon. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 

Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 14, 2016 

36 

 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the Board of Directors and 
Stockholders of Federated National Holding Company 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Federated National Holding Company as of December 31, 
2014  and  2013,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income,  comprehensive  income,  stockholders’  equity,  and  cash 
flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014. In connection with our audits of the financial 
statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index. We also have audited 
Federated National Holdings Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (COSO). Federated National Holdings Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated 
financial  statements,  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  for  its  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Item  9A  Controls  and  Procedures. 
Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these  consolidated  financial  statements  and  an  opinion  on  the  company’s 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. 

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States).  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement  and  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on 
a  test  basis,  evidence  supporting  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  assessing  the 
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall consolidated financial 
statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal 
control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and 
operating  effectiveness  of  internal  control  based  on  the  assessed  risk.  Our  audits  also  included  performing  such  other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our 
opinions. 

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and  procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the 
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as 
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and 
directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized 
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated 
financial position of Federated National Holding Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results 
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity 
with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Also  in  our  opinion,  Federated  National 
Holdings Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). 

/s/Goldstein Schechter Koch 
Fort Lauderdale, FL 
March 16, 2015, except for Schedule II dated March 14, 2016 

37 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
   
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

ASSETS

Investments:

Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value

Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
Premiums receivable, net of allowance of $302 and $148, respectively
Reinsurance recoverable, net 

Deferred acquisition costs
Income taxes receivable
Property and equipment, net

Other assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Unearned premiums
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity
Deferred income taxes, net
Other liabilities  

Total liabilities

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13,798,773 and 13,632,414 shares issued and 
outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Retained earnings

Total shareholders' equity attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders

Noncontrolling interest 

Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

December 31,

2015
2014
(in thousands, except per share data)

$                    

339,178
6,619
38,534
384,331

$                    

284,099
7,417
39,247
330,763

53,038
120,771
38,594
12,714

15,547
2,691
2,894

40,157
54,502
27,275
12,534

13,610
1,810
1,749

7,718
638,298

$                    

21,231
503,631

$                    

$                      

97,340
253,960
5,000
5,627

$                      

78,330
192,424
-
1,341

25,612
387,539

-

38,957
311,052

-

138
131,998
3,985
96,461
232,582
18,177
250,759
638,298

$                    

136
127,302
7,718
57,423
192,579
-
192,579
503,631

$                    

38 

 
 
                          
                          
                        
                        
                      
                      
                        
                        
                      
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                        
                      
                      
                          
                             
                          
                          
                        
                        
                      
                      
                             
                             
                             
                             
                      
                      
                          
                          
                        
                        
                      
                      
                        
                             
                      
                      
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 

Revenue:

Net premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realized investment gains
Other income 
Total revenue

Costs and expenses:

Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Commissions and other underwriting expenses
General and administrative expenses

Total costs and expenses

Income before income taxes

Income taxes

Net income 

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands, except per share data)

2013

$                              

210,020
7,226
3,616
29,031
249,893

$                              

170,905
5,385
4,426
19,976
200,692

$                              

104,381
3,332
2,881
11,143
121,737

104,353
65,315
15,032
184,700

81,036
52,077
10,272
143,385

56,410
38,580
7,529
102,519

65,193
24,753
40,440
(445)
40,885

57,307
20,108
37,199
-
37,199

$                                

19,218
6,491
12,727
-
12,727

$                               

Net income attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders

$                               

Net income per share attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders:

Basic
Diluted

$                                    
$                                    

2.98
2.92

$                                    
$                                    

3.08
2.99

$                                    
$                                    

1.50
1.45

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

39 

 
 
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                
                                
                                
                              
                                 
                                 
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                
                                
                                
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                  
                                  
                                  
                                   
                                      
                                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

Net income

Change in net unrealized (losses) gains on investments available-for-sale

Comprehensive income before income taxes

2015

$              

40,440
(6,308)
34,132

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)
37,199
$               
2,856
40,055

2013

$              

12,727
3,041
15,768

Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income

Comprehensive income

2,454
36,586

(1,102)
38,953

(1,144)
14,624

Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

Comprehensive income attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders

(566)
37,152

$             

-
38,953

$               

-
14,624

$             

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

40 

 
 
                
                   
                  
                
                 
                
                  
                  
                
                
                 
                
                   
                       
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

Three Years Ended December 31, 2015

Common Stock

Preferred
Stock

Issued Shares

Amount

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Total Shareholders' 
Equity attributable to 
Federated National 
Holding Company 
Shareholders

$          

$                        

Balance as of December 31, 2012

Net income
Other comprehensive income, net of tax of ($1,144)
Dividends paid
Stock issued in public offering
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards
Share-based compensation
Balance as of December 31, 2013

Net income
Other comprehensive income, net of tax of ($1,102)
Dividends paid
Stock issued in public offering
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards
Share-based compensation
Balance as of December 31, 2014

Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $2,318 and $136, respectively
Noncontrolling interest capital contributions
Dividends paid
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards
Share-based compensation
Balance as of December 31, 2015

-
$       
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$       
-

7,979,488
-
-
-
2,781,395
140,833
-
10,901,716
-
-
-
2,358,975
371,723
-
13,632,414
-
-
-
-
166,359
-
13,798,773

$     

80
$        
-
-
-
28
1

-
109
-
-
-
23
4

-
136
-
-
-
-

2

-
138

$     

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

$             

(in thousands, except per share data)
$              
10,402
12,727
-
(1,233)
-
-
-
21,896
37,199
-
(1,672)
-
-
-
57,423
40,885
-
-
(1,847)
-
-
96,461

4,067
-
1,897
-
-
-
-
5,964
-
1,754
-
-
-
-
7,718
-
(3,733)
-
-
-
-
3,985

$             

$            

51,356
-
-
-
27,851
857
461
80,525
-
-
-
43,086
1,551
2,140
127,302
-
-
-
-
169
4,527
131,998

Noncontrolling
Interest

-
$                  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(445)
(121)
18,743
-
-
-
18,177

$            

Total
Shareholders'
Equity

$        

65,905
12,727
1,897
(1,233)
27,879
858
461
108,494
37,199
1,754
(1,672)
43,109
1,555
2,140
192,579
40,440
(3,854)
18,743
(1,847)
171
4,527
250,759

65,905
12,727
1,897
(1,233)
27,879
858
461
108,494
37,199
1,754
(1,672)
43,109
1,555
2,140
192,579
40,885
(3,733)
-
(1,847)
171
4,527
232,582

$       

$                      

$     

41 

 
  
          
         
                    
         
                  
                   
               
                          
                    
          
         
                    
         
                  
                
                     
                            
                    
            
         
                    
         
                  
                   
                
                          
                    
           
         
          
          
            
                   
                     
                          
                    
          
         
             
            
                 
                   
                     
                               
                    
               
         
                    
         
                 
                   
                     
                               
                    
               
         
        
        
            
                
               
                        
                    
        
         
                    
         
                  
                   
               
                          
                    
          
         
                    
         
                  
                
                     
                            
                    
            
         
                    
         
                  
                   
                
                          
                    
           
         
          
          
            
                   
                     
                          
                    
          
         
             
            
              
                   
                     
                            
                    
            
         
                    
         
              
                   
                     
                            
                    
            
         
        
        
          
                
               
                        
                    
        
         
                    
         
                  
                   
               
                          
                  
          
         
                    
         
                  
              
                     
                          
                  
           
         
                    
         
                  
                   
                     
                               
               
          
         
                    
         
                  
                   
                
                          
                    
           
         
             
            
                 
                   
                     
                               
                    
               
         
                    
         
              
                   
                     
                            
                    
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

Cash flow from operating activities:

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) 
operating activities:

Net realized investment gains
Amortization of investment premium or discount, net
Depreciation and amortization
Share-based compensation

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Prepaid reinsurance premiums
Premiums receivable, net
Reinsurance recoverable, net 
Deferred acquisition costs
Income taxes receivable, net
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Unearned premiums
Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive income 
Other, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flow from investing activities:

Sales, maturities and redemptions of investment securities 
Purchases of investment securities
Purchases of property and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flow from financing activities:

Noncontrolling interest equity investment 
Issuance of debt in consolidated variable interest entity
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation
Issuance of common stock in public offering 
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards
Dividends paid

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$              

40,440

$             

37,199

$             

12,727

(3,616)
5,645
624
4,527

(66,269)
(11,319)
(180)
(1,937)
(2,445)
19,010
61,535
6,741
135
52,891

169,979
(231,884)
(1,736)
(63,641)

(4,426)
4,165
149
2,140

(46,911)
(4,860)
(9,793)
3,098
(4,189)
17,315
64,081
765
4,411
63,144

87,151
(194,087)
(969)
(107,905)

(2,881)
1,761
263
461

(546)
(14,391)
761
(8,229)
2,418
11,108
69,336
2,020
4,905
79,713

106,173
(192,627)
(629)
(87,083)

18,743
5,000
1,564
-
171
(1,847)
23,631
12,881
40,157
53,038

$             

-
-
480
43,109
1,555
(1,672)
43,472
(1,289)
41,446
40,157

$             

-
-
169
27,879
858
(1,233)
27,673
20,303
21,143
41,446

$            

42 

 
 
                
                
                
                  
                 
                 
                     
                    
                    
                  
                 
                    
              
              
                   
              
                
              
                   
                
                    
                
                 
                
                
                
                 
                
               
               
                
               
               
                  
                    
                 
                     
                 
                 
                
               
               
              
               
             
            
            
            
                
                   
                   
              
            
              
                
                     
                     
                  
                     
                     
                  
                    
                    
                     
               
               
                     
                 
                    
                
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
               
                
               
               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED) 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes

Non-cash investing and finance activities:
Accrued dividends payable

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$             

16,262

$            

19,185

$              

1,870

$                  

-

$                  

564

$                 

330

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(1) ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS  

Federated  National  Holding  Company  (“FNHC”,  “Company”,  “we”,  “us”),  is  an  insurance  holding  company  that 
controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our 
contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents.   We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through 
our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’  multi-peril (“homeowners”), commercial general liability, federal flood, personal 
auto and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ 
products and our other services through a network of independent agents.  

Our wholly owned insurance  subsidiary  is  Federated National Insurance  Company (“FNIC”), which  is  licensed  as  an 
admitted  carrier  in  Florida.    We  also  serve  as  managing  general  agent  for  Monarch  National  Insurance  Company  (“MNIC”), 
which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture, described below.  An admitted carrier is an insurance company that has 
received a license from the state department of insurance giving the company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in 
that state. These companies are also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a 
variety of illegal and unethical practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state 
guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due their 
policyholders.  

Monarch National Insurance Company Joint Venture 

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of 
authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation 
(the “Florida OIR”). The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings 
Inc.,  a  publicly  traded  Canadian  private  equity  firm  and  asset  manager  (“Crosswinds”);  and  Transatlantic  Reinsurance 
Company (“TransRe”).  

The  Company  and  Crosswinds  each  invested  $14.0  million  in  Monarch  Delaware  Holdings  LLC  (“Monarch 
Delaware”),  the  indirect  parent  company  of  MNIC,  for  a  42.4%  interest  in  Monarch  Delaware  (each  holding  50%  of  the 
voting interests in Monarch Delaware).  TransRe invested $5.0 million for a 15.2% non-voting interest in Monarch Delaware 
and advanced an additional $5.0 million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable 
by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent 
company of MNIC.   

 (2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES  

(a)  BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  of  America 
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).  Certain GAAP policies, which significantly affect the determination of 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below. 

(b)  PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FNHC and all other entities in which we 
have  a  controlling  financial  interest  and  any  variable  interest  entities  (“VIE”)  in  which  we  are  the  primary  beneficiary.    All 
material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or 
where  investors  lack  certain  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial  interest.    We  assess  our  contractual,  ownership  or  other 
interests in a VIE to determine if our interest participates in the variability the VIE was designed to absorb and pass onto variable 
interest holders.  We perform an ongoing qualitative assessment of our variable interests in VIEs to determine whether we have a 
controlling financial interest and would therefore be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If we determine we are the 
primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. 

In connection with the investment in Monarch Delaware, we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this 
VIE, as we possess both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance.  
Accordingly, we consolidate the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Refer to note 14 for additional information on the VIE. 

(c)  ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and 
assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future 
events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the 
exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates. 

Similar to other property and casualty insurers, our liability for loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, although 
supported by actuarial projections and other data is ultimately based on management's reasoned expectations of future events. 
Although  considerable  variability  is  inherent  in  these  estimates,  we  believe  that  this  liability  is  adequate.  Estimates  are 
reviewed regularly and adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in current operations.  

(d) FAIR VALUE  

The  fair  value  is  the  price  that  would  be  received  to  sell  an  asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  between  market 
participants  in  the  principal  market  or  in  the  most  advantageous  market  when  no  principal  market  exists.    Adjustments  to 
transaction prices or quoted market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.  
Alternative valuation techniques may be appropriate under the circumstances to determine the value that would be received to 
sell  an  asset  or  pay  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction.    Market  participants  are  assumed  to  be  independent, 
knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and not acting under duress.  Our nonperformance or credit risk is 
considered in determining the fair value of liabilities.  Considerable judgment  may be required in interpreting market data 
used  to  develop  the  estimates  of  fair  value.  Accordingly,  estimates  of  fair  value  presented  herein  are  not  necessarily 
indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange. 

Refer to note 3 for additional information regarding fair value. 

(e) INVESTMENTS  

Investments consist of debt and equity securities.  Debt securities consist of securities with an initial fixed maturity, 
which include corporate bonds, municipal bonds and United States government bonds.  Equity securities generally consist of 
securities  that  represent  ownership  interests  in  an  enterprise.    The  Company  determines  the  appropriate  classification  of 
investments in debt and equity securities at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classification at each balance sheet date.   

Held-to-maturity  investments  are  recorded  at  the  amortized  cost,  reflecting  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  the 
securities to maturity.  All other securities were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value.  Unrealized gains 
and  losses  during  the  year,  net  of  the  related  tax  effect  applicable  to  available-for-sale,  are  excluded  from  income  and 
reflected  in  other  comprehensive  income,  and  the  cumulative  effect  is  reported  as  a  separate  component  of  shareholders’ 
equity until realized.  If a decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair 
value and the amount of the write-down is recorded as an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss on the statement of 
income.  In addition, any portion of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than 
credit is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather than against income. 

Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. 

Net  investment  income  consists  primarily  of  interest  income  from  debt  securities,  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
including any premium amortization or discount accretion and dividend income from equity securities; less expenses related 
to investments. 

Refer to note 4 for additional information regarding investments. 

(f) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of all deposit balances with a bank that are available for immediate withdrawal 
and  highly  liquid  investments.    All  investments  with  maturities  of  three  months  or  less  at  the  date  of  the  purchase  are 
considered cash equivalents. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(g) PREMIUMS AND UNEARNED PREMIUMS  

Premiums are recognized as revenue on a pro-rata basis over the term of an insurance policy.  Assumed reinsurance 
premiums  written  and  earned  are  based  on  reports  received  from  ceding  companies  for  pro-rata  treaty  contracts  and  are 
generally  recorded  as  written  based  on  contract  terms  for  excess-of-loss  and  quota  share  contracts.    Premiums  are  earned 
ratably over the terms of the related coverage. 

Unearned  premiums  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  represent  the  portion  of  gross  premiums  written  and  ceded 

premiums written, respectively, relating to the unexpired terms of such coverage.   

Premium receivable balances are reported net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible premium amounts.  Such 
allowance is based upon an ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length of collection periods, the creditworthiness of the 
insured and other relevant factors.  Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance. 

(h) REINSURANCE  

Reinsurance is used to mitigate the exposure to losses, manage capacity and protect capital resources.  Reinsuring 
loss exposures does not relieve a ceding entity from its obligations to policyholders and cedants.  Reinsurance recoverables 
(including  amounts  related  to  claims  incurred  but  not  reported)  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  are  reported  as  assets.    To 
minimize exposure to losses from a reinsurer’s inability to pay, the financial condition of such reinsurer is evaluated initially 
upon  placement  of  the  reinsurance  and  periodically  thereafter.    In  addition  to  considering  the  financial  condition  of  the 
reinsurer,  the  collectability  of  the  reinsurance  recoverables  is  evaluated  (and  where  appropriate,  whether  an  allowance  for 
estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables  is  to  be  established)  based  upon  a  number  of  other  factors.    Such  factors 
include  the  amounts  outstanding,  length  of  collection  periods,  disputes,  any  collateral  or  letters  of  credit  held  and  other 
relevant factors.  To the extent that an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable is established, amounts deemed to 
be  uncollectible  are  written  off  against  the  allowance  for  estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables.    The  Company 
currently has no allowances for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables. 

Ceded premiums written are recorded in accordance with applicable terms of the various reinsurance contracts and 
ceded premiums earned are charged against revenue over the period of the various reinsurance contracts.  This also generally 
applies to reinstatement premiums paid to a reinsurer, which arise when contractually-specified ceded loss triggers have been 
breached.  Ceded commissions reduce commissions, brokerage and other underwriting expenses and ceded losses incurred 
reduce net  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  incurred over  the  applicable  periods of  the various  reinsurance  contracts  with 
third  party  reinsurers.    If  premiums  or  commissions  are  subject  to  adjustment  (for  example,  retrospectively-rated  or 
experience-rated), the estimated ultimate premium or commission is recognized over the period of the contract. 

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with 

the reinsured business and consistent with the terms of the underlying reinsurance contract. 

(i) OTHER INCOME  

Other  income  represents  primarily  policy  fees,  commission,  brokerage  and  other  income.    Policy  fees  represent  a 
non-refundable  application  fee  for  insurance  coverage,  which  are  intended  to  reimburse  us  for  the  costs  incurred  to 
underwrite the policy.  Policy fees are recognized on the effective date of the insurance policy.  Commission and brokerage 
income is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the respective terms of the contracts. 

 (j) DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS  

Deferred Acquisition Costs (“DAC”) represent those costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful 
acquisition  of  new  or  renewal  of  existing  insurance  contracts.    The  Company  defers  incremental  costs  that  result  directly 
from, and are essential to, the acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract.  Such DAC generally include agent or broker 
commissions, premium taxes, medical and inspection fees that would not have been incurred if the insurance contract had not 
been acquired or renewed.  Each cost is analyzed to assess whether it is fully deferrable.   

The Company also defers a portion of the employee total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly 
related to time spent performing specific acquisition or renewal activities, including costs associated with the time spent on 
underwriting, policy issuance and processing, and sales force contract selling.   

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

The acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums written are earned, 
generally 12 months.  It is grouped consistent with the manner in which the insurance contracts are acquired, serviced and 
measured for profitability and is reviewed for recoverability based on the profitability of the underlying insurance contracts.  
Investment income is anticipated in assessing the recoverability of DAC.  The Company assesses the recoverability of DAC 
on an annual basis or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. 

(k) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT  

Property  and  equipment  is  stated  at  cost,  net  of  accumulated  depreciation  and  amortization.  Depreciation  is 
calculated using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, ranging from 3 to 15 years.  Repairs and maintenance 
are charged to expense as incurred. 

The Company accounts for internal-use software development costs in accordance with accounting guidelines which 
state  that  software  costs,  including  internal  payroll  costs,  incurred  in  connection  with  the  development  or  acquisition  of 
software for internal use is charged to expense as incurred until the project enters the application development phase.  Costs 
incurred  in  the  application  development  phase  are  capitalized  and  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  an 
estimated useful life of 5 years, beginning when the software is ready for use.   

(l) LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES  

The  reserves  for  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  (“LAE”)  represent  management’s  best  estimate  of  the  ultimate 
cost of all reported and unreported losses incurred through the balance sheet date. Such liabilities are determined based upon 
our assessment of claims pending and the development of prior years' loss liability. These amounts include liabilities based 
upon  individual  case  estimates  for  reported  losses  and  LAE’s  and  estimates  of  such  amounts  that  are  incurred  but  not  yet 
reported  (“IBNR”).  Changes  in  the  estimated  liability  are  charged  or  credited  to  operations  as  the  losses  and  LAE’s  are 
settled.  

The  estimates  of  the  liability  for  loss  and  LAE  reserves  are  subject  to  the  effect  of  trends  in  claims  severity  and 
frequency  and  are  continually  reviewed.  As  part  of  this  process,  we  review  historical  data  and  consider  various  factors, 
including known and anticipated legal developments, inflation and economic conditions. As experience develops and other 
data become available, these estimates are revised, as required, resulting in increases or decreases to the existing liability for 
loss and loss adjustment expense reserves. Adjustments are reflected in results of operations in the period in which they are 
made and the liabilities may deviate substantially from prior estimates.  

(m) INCOME TAXES  

Income  taxes  are  accounted  for  under  the  asset  and  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
recognized  for  the  estimated  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences  between  the  financial  statement  carrying 
amounts  of  existing  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  respective  tax  bases,  and  operating  loss,  capital  loss  and  tax-credit 
carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in 
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and 
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. 

(n) SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION  

  The Company accounts for share-based compensation based on the estimated grant date fair value. The Company 
grants awards with service only conditions and generally amortizes them on a straight-line over the requisite service period of 
the award, which is the vesting term.  The fair value of the restricted stock grants is determined based on the closing market 
price on the date of grant.  Non-employee directors are treated as employees for accounting purposes. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(o) BASIC AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE  

  Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted 
average  number  of  common  shares,  while  diluted  net  income  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  available  to 
common shareholders by the weighted average number of such common shares and dilutive share equivalents result from the 
assumed  exercise  of  employee  stock  options  and  vesting  of  restricted  common  stock  and  are  calculated  using  the  treasury 
stock method. 

       (p) ADJUSTMENTS  

During our third quarter 2015 analysis of actual experience to date under the July 1, 2014 quota share reinsurance 
contract, we re-evaluated the accounting treatment for quota share reinsurance contracts with retrospective rating provisions.  
As  a  result  of  this  re-evaluation,  we  concluded  reinsurance  contracts  which  have  retrospective  rating  provisions  should  be 
accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification 944, Financial Services — Insurance (“ASC 944”), where amounts 
due  to  (from)  the  assuming  companies  are  accrued  based  on  estimated  contract  experience  to  date  as  though  the  contracts 
were terminated.  Refer to note 2 in our Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015 for additional information.   

The adjustments to our accounting for the July 1, 2014 quota share reinsurance treaty, inclusive of other adjustments, 
are  not  material  in  any  prior  quarter  or  annual  period  based  on  an  analysis  of  quantitative  and  qualitative  factors  in 
accordance with SEC Guidance. 

As a result, we recorded these adjustments during the year ended December 31, 2015.  The adjustments increased net 

income by $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.  

(q) RECLASSIFICATIONS 

Certain  amounts  in  prior  year’s  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  2015 
presentation.  These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. 
In the current period, the Company concluded it was appropriate to classify accounts on the consolidated balance sheets that 
do not have material balances in the periods being presented, such as contingent quota-share profit sharing, deferred quota-
share profit sharing, and accounts payable and accrued expenses.  These prior year accounts are included within other assets 
and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.  We have also reclassified certain revenue accounts that do not have 
material balances and included them within other income in the consolidated statements of operations.  In addition, during the 
current period, we reclassify certain costs and expenses, principally, operating and underwriting expenses, salaries and wages 
and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs.  These respective account balances are now included in commissions 
and other underwriting expenses and general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.  The 
Company believes this reclassification provide greater clarity and insight into the consolidated financial statements for the 
periods presented.   

(r) RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS  

In  May  2014,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  issued  Accounting  Standard  Update  (“ASU”) 
2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“ASU  2014-09”).  ASU  2014-09  requires  an  entity  to  recognize  the 
amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-
09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles when 
it  becomes  effective.  In  July  2015,  the  FASB  voted  to  delay  the  effective  date  of  ASU  2014-09  by  one  year,  making  it 
effective  for  fiscal  years,  and  interim  periods  within  those  years,  beginning  after  December  15,  2017,  with  early  adoption 
permitted  as  of  the  original  effective  date.  ASU  2014-09  permits  the  use  of  either  the  retrospective  or  cumulative  effect 
transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements 
and related disclosures.  

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-09, Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about Short-
Duration-Contracts. The amendments in this ASU apply to all insurance entities that issue short-duration contracts as defined 
in  Topic  944,  Financial  Services—Insurance.  The  amendments  require  insurance  entities  to  disclose  for  annual  reporting 
periods  information  on  the  liability  for  unpaid  claims  and  claim  adjustment  expenses.   The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after 
December  15,  2016.  This  new  guidance  affects  disclosures  only  and  will  have  no  impact  on  the  Company’s  consolidated 
financial statements. 

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial 
Liabilities  which  addresses  certain  aspects  of  recognition,  measurement,  presentation,  and  disclosure  of  financial 
instruments.  Most  notably,  this  new  guidance  requires  equity  investments  (except  those  accounted  for  under  the  equity 
method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair 
value recognized in net income. This new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 
2017.  We  are  currently  evaluating  the  impact  the  adoption  of  this  standard  would  have  on  our  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

(3) FAIR VALUE  

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs are based 
on market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in 
the  absence  of  observable  market  information.    All  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  carried  at  fair  value  are  classified  and 
disclosed in one of the following categories: 

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market is defined 
as  a  market  where  transactions  for  the  financial  statement  occur  with  sufficient  frequency  and  volume  to  provide 
pricing information on an ongoing basis.  

Level  2  —  Quoted  market  prices  for  similar  assets  or  liabilities  and  valuations,  using  models  or  other  valuation 
techniques  that  use  observable  market  data.    All  significant  inputs  are  observable,  or  derived  from  observable 
information  in  the  marketplace,  or  are  supported  by  observable  levels  at  which  transactions  are  executed  in  the 
market place. 

Level 3 — Instruments that use non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable 
market data or those that are estimated based on an ownership interest to which a proportionate share of net assets is 
attributed. 

The Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of inputs used 

were as follows:  

Debt securities:
   United States government obligations and
         authorities
   Obligations of states and political
         subdivisions
   Corporate
   International

Equity securities

Total investments

Level 1

December 31, 2015
Level 3

Level 2

(in thousands)

Total

$        

34,733

$    

26,820

$             
-

$          

61,553

-
-
-
34,733

38,012

110,702
154,620
12,303
304,445

522

-
-
-
-

-

110,702
154,620
12,303
339,178

38,534

$       

72,745

$ 

304,967

$         
-

$       

377,712

49 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    
    
               
          
                    
    
               
          
                    
      
               
            
          
    
               
          
          
           
               
            
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Debt securities:
   United States government obligations and
         authorities
   Obligations of states and political
         subdivisions
   Corporate
   International

Equity securities 

Total investments

Level 1

December 31, 2014
Level 3

Level 2

(in thousands)

Total

$        

46,002

$    

16,321

$             
-

$          

62,323

-
-
-
46,002

39,247

91,614
119,024
11,138
238,097

-
-
-
-

-

-

91,614
119,024
11,138
284,099

39,247

$       

85,249

$ 

238,097

$         
-

$       

323,346

50 

 
 
 
 
 
                    
      
               
            
                    
    
               
          
                    
      
               
            
          
    
               
          
          
           
           
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(4) INVESTMENTS 

(a) UNREALIZED GAINS AND LOSSES   

The amortized cost and the fair value of debt and equity securities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized as 

follows: 

December 31, 2015
     Debt Securities  - available-for-sale:
     United States government obligations
               and authorities
          Obligations of states and political
               subdivisions
          Corporate 
          International

     Debt Securities  - held-to-maturity:
     United States government obligations
               and authorities
          Corporate 
          International

Amortized Cost or
Cost

Gross Unrealized
Gains

Gross Unrealized
Losses

Fair Value

(in thousands) 

$                

61,384

$                     

489

$                     

320

$          

61,553

109,152
154,957
12,528
338,021

4,275
2,253
91
6,619

1,590
1,153
18
3,250

30
14
0
44

40
1,490
243
2,093

204
20
0
224

110,702
154,620
12,303
339,178

4,101
2,247
91
6,439

     Equity securities 

33,581

6,809

1,856

38,534

Total investments

$             

378,221

$               

10,103

$                  

4,173

$       

384,151

December 31, 2014
     Debt Securities  - available-for-sale:
     United States government obligations
               and authorities
          Obligations of states and political
               subdivisions
          Corporate 
          International

     Debt Securities  - held-to-maturity:
     United States government obligations
               and authorities
          Corporate 
          International

     Equity securities

Amortized Cost or
Cost

Gross Unrealized
Gains

Gross Unrealized
Losses

Fair Value

(in thousands) 

$                

61,376

$                  

1,022

$                       

75

$          

62,323

90,728
117,778
11,139
281,021

4,490
2,681
246
7,417

29,908

956
1,578
53
3,609

41
31
1
73

9,836

70
332
54
531

225
5
1
231

497

91,614
119,024
11,138
284,099

4,306
2,707
246
7,259

39,247

Total investments

$             

318,346

$               

13,518

$                  

1,259

$       

330,605

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                    
                         
          
                
                    
                    
          
                  
                         
                       
            
                
                    
                    
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    
                         
                       
              
                    
                         
                         
              
                         
                           
                           
                   
                    
                         
                       
              
 
                  
                    
                    
            
 
 
 
                  
                       
                         
            
                
                    
                       
          
                  
                         
                         
            
                
                    
                       
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    
 
                         
                       
              
                    
                         
                           
              
                       
                           
                           
                 
                    
                         
                       
              
 
                  
                    
                       
            
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

     (b) CONTRACTUAL MATURITY 

The  amortized  cost  and  estimated  fair  value  of  debt  securities  as  of  December  31,  2015  and  2014  by  contractual 
maturity are shown below.  Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right 
to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.  

Securities with maturity dates:

Debt securities, available-for-sale:
One year or less
Over one through five years
Over five through ten years
Over ten years

Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
One year or less
Over one through five years
Over five through ten years
Over ten years

December 31,

2015

Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

2014

Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

 (in thousands) 

$                

24,470
170,797
142,728
26
338,021

$               

24,488
171,113
143,545
32
339,178

$          

16,346
170,286
94,368
26
281,026

$            

16,364
171,320
96,382
33
284,099

486
1,899
4,234
-
6,619

487
1,915
4,037
-
6,439

432
2,947
4,038
-
7,417

433
2,953
3,873
-
7,259

Total

$             

344,640

$            

345,617

$       

288,443

$         

291,358

2013

$                 

$                 

2,850
478
4
3,332

(c) NET INVESTMENT INCOME 

Net investment income was as follows: 

2015

Interest income
Dividends income
Cash and cash equivalents
Net investment income

$             

$            

6,576
588
62
7,226

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)
4,775
553
57
5,385

$                 

$                

52 

 
 
 
 
                         
                        
                   
                     
                
               
          
            
                       
                      
                 
                   
                    
                   
              
                
                    
                   
              
                
                        
                      
                  
                    
                    
                   
              
                
 
  
 
  
                  
                      
                      
                    
                        
                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(d)  NET REALIZED GAINS AND LOSSES 

The amount of gross realized gains and losses were as follows: 

Gross realized gains:
     Debt securities
     Equity securities
          Total gross realized gains

Gross realized losses:
     Debt securities
     Equity securities
          Total gross realized losses

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$                

1,272
4,959
6,231

$                   

725
4,489
5,214

$                

1,690
2,858
4,548

(805)
(1,810)
(2,615)

(147)
(641)
(788)

(1,001)
(666)
(1,667)

Net realized gains on investments

$               

3,616

$               

4,426

$                

2,881

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the proceeds from sales of investment securities were 

$157.2 million, $81.5 million and $100.1 million, respectively. 

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, OTTI losses were $0.4 million, $0 and $0, respectively.  
The determination that unrealized losses on such securities were other-than-temporary was primarily based on the duration of 
the decline in the fair value of such relative to their cost as of the balance sheet date. 

(e)  AGING OF GROSS UNREALIZED LOSSES 

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, gross unrealized losses and related fair values for debt and equity securities, 

grouped by duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows: 

Less than 12 months

12 months or longer

Total

December 31, 2015

Fair Value

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value

Fair Value

(in thousands)

Debt securities:
     United States government obligations and authorities
     Obligations of states and political subdivisions
     Corporate
     International

$              

30,464
16,652
87,176
8,660
142,952

$                   

303
40
1,420
191
1,954

659
$                   
-
3,590
281
4,530

17
$                     
-
70
52
139

$              

31,123
16,652
90,766
8,941
147,482

$                   

320
40
1,490
243
2,093

Equity securities

Total investments

11,790

1,850

84

6

11,874

1,856

$           

154,742

$               

3,804

$               

4,614

$                   

145

$            

159,356

$               

3,949

53 

 
 
 
 
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
 
 
                
                   
                   
                
                   
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                       
                     
                     
                
                       
                
                  
                  
                       
                
                  
                  
                     
                     
                       
                  
                     
              
                  
                  
                     
              
                  
                
                  
                       
                         
                
                  
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

December 31, 2014

Debt securities:
     United States government obligations and authorities
     Obligations of states and political subdivisions
     Corporate
     International

Less than 12 months

12 months or longer

Total

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

Fair Value

(in thousands)

$                     

22
66
260
54
402

$                

3,809
246
4,861
-
8,916

$                     

53
4
72
-
129

Gross
Unrealized 
Losses

$                     

75
70
332
54
531

Fair Value

$              

12,980
27,672
47,749
6,261
94,662

Fair Value

$                

9,171
27,426
42,888
6,261
85,746

Equity securities

Total investments

3,683

461

200

36

3,883

497

$             

89,429

$                  

863

$               

9,116

$                   

165

$              

98,545

$               

1,028

(f)  STATUTORY DEPOSITS 

As of December 31, 2015, investments with fair values of $6.6 million, the majority of which were debt securities, 

were deposited with governmental authorities as required by law. 

(5) REINSURANCE  

Overview  

The  Company  reinsures  (cedes)  a  portion  of  written  premiums  on  an  excess  of  loss  or  a  quota-share  basis  to 
nonaffiliated insurance companies in order to limit our loss exposure. To the extent that reinsuring companies are unable to 
meet their obligations assumed under these reinsurance agreements, we remain primarily liable to our policyholders. 

Reinsurance Recoverables 

Amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  are  recognized  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  claims  liabilities  associated 
with  the  reinsurance placement  and presented  on  the balance  sheet  as reinsurance recoverables.  The  following  reinsurance 
recoverable is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented as follows: 

Year Ended December 31,
2014

2015

Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses 

Reinsurance recoverable, net

$               

(in thousands)
5,218
7,496
12,714

$          

$            

2,140
10,394
12,534

$            

54 

 
 
                
                       
                     
                         
                
                       
                
                     
                  
                       
                
                     
                  
                       
                         
                         
                  
                       
                
                     
                  
                     
                
                     
                  
                     
                     
                       
                  
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Premiums Written and Earned 

The following table indicates premiums written and earned as follows: 

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

Premiums written:
Direct
Ceded

Premiums earned:
Direct
Ceded

$           

$           

493,770
(268,517)
225,253

$           

$           

432,233
(222,213)
210,020

$        

$       

377,156
(201,998)
175,158

$        

$       

313,075
(142,170)
170,905

$          

$         

243,373
(82,709)
160,664

$          

$         

174,037
(69,656)
104,381

Significant Reinsurance Contracts 

FNIC operates primarily by underwriting and accepting risks for their direct account on a gross basis and reinsuring 
a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention 
level.   We  continually  evaluate  the relative attractiveness of  different forms  of reinsurance contracts and different markets 
that may be used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives.  MNIC does not have any material reinsurance contracts as 
of December 31, 2015.  All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC from their direct obligations to insured.   

The Company’s reinsurance program, which generally runs from July 1 to June 30 of the following year, consists of 
excess of loss, Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”) and quota share, which is a form of proportional reinsurance, 
treaties which insure the homeowners’ property lines from catastrophes in Florida and other states.  The excess of loss and 
FHCF  treaties,  which  became  effective  on  July  1,  2015,  insures  for  approximately  $1.82  billion  of  aggregate  catastrophic 
losses and LAE with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.26 billion, with the Company retaining the 
first  $12.9  million  in  Florida  and  $5.0  million  in Louisiana,  Alabama  and  South  Carolina  for losses  and  LAE  from  each 
event.  The FHCF treaty only affords coverage for losses sustained in Florida and represents only a portion of the reinsurance 
coverage in Florida.   

The Company’s quota share treaties, which are included in the reinsurance program, runs from July 1 to June 30 of 
the following year.  The quota share treaties consist of two different treaties, one for 30% which became effective July 1, 
2014  and  the  other  for  10%  which  became  effective  July  1,  2015.    The  combined  treaties  provide  a  40%  quota  share 
reinsurance treaty on the first $100 million of covered losses for the homeowners’ insurance program in Florida.  

The  quota  share  reinsurance  agreements  require  FNIC  to  secure  the  credit,  regulatory  and  business  risk.    Fully 
funded  trust  agreements  securing  these  risks  totaled  $3.5  million  and  $4.9  million,  as  of  December  31,  2015  and  2014, 
respectively. 

55 

 
 
 
 
            
         
             
            
         
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(6) LOSS AND LAE RESERVES  

The  liability  for  loss  and  LAE  reserves  is  determined  on  an  individual-case  basis  for  all  incidents  reported.  The 

liability also includes amounts for unallocated expenses, anticipated future claim development and IBNR.  

Activity in the liability for loss and LAE reserves is summarized as follows:  

Gross reserves, beginning of period
Less: reinsurance recoverable (1)

Net reserves, beginning of period

Incurred loss, net of reinsurance, related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total incurred loss and LAE, net of reinsurance

Paid loss, net of reinsurance, related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total paid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance

Net reserves, end of period

Plus: reinsurance recoverable (1)

2015

$                           

78,330
(10,394)
67,936

Year Ended December 31, 
2014
(in thousands)
$                           

61,016
(2,313)
58,703

2013

$                           

49,908
(3,212)
46,696

113,819
(9,466)
104,353

49,531
32,914
82,445

89,844
7,496
97,340

$                          

79,932
1,104
81,036

40,680
31,123
71,803

67,936
10,394
78,330

56,209
201
56,410

22,557
21,846
44,403

58,703
2,313
61,016

$                          

Gross reserves, end of period

$                          

(1)  Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded loss and LAE reserves. 

The favorable development in 2015 is primarily a result of continued favorable loss experience (mostly caused by 
decreased severity in reported claims) in the Company’s all other peril homeowners coverage caused in part by the absence of 
severe weather in Florida in recent years. Specifically, we have experienced better severity than expected on the 2014 and 
2013 accident years. 

(7) DEBT 

On March 17, 2015, MNHC, our consolidated VIE, issued a promissory note with a principal amount of $5.0 million 
bearing 6% annual interest, due March 17, 2021 with interest payable on an annual basis due March 17 each year.  The debt 
was issued to TransRe and is being carried at the unpaid principal balance; any accrued and unpaid interest is recognized in 
other liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations.  In addition, the Company recorded $0.1 million of debt issuance 
costs related to the 6% promissory note.   

56 

 
 
 
 
 
                           
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                           
                             
                             
                             
                               
                                  
                           
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                           
                           
                            
                             
                             
                             
                               
                             
                               
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(8) INCOME TAXES  

A summary of the provision for income tax expense is as follows.  

Federal:

Current
Deferred

Federal income tax expense
State:

Current
Deferred

State income tax expense 

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$       

15,523
6,118
21,641

$                 

16,659
1,059
17,718

$         

4,289
1,393
5,682

2,489
623
3,112

2,204
186
2,390

-
809
809

Total

$       

24,753

$                

20,108

$        

6,491

The actual income tax expense differs from the "expected" income tax expense (computed by applying the combined 

applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense as follows): 

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Computed expected tax expense provision, at federal rate
State tax, net of federal tax benefit
Tax-exempt interest
Income subject to dividends-received deduction
Return to provision and rate changes
Other
Income tax expense total

$             

(in thousands)
$          

$        

22,829
2,291
(445)
(109)
119
68
24,753

19,887
1,696
(312)
(136)
(1,027)
-
20,108

6,535
698
(31)
(97)
(306)
(308)
6,491

$         

$        

$            

57 

 
 
 
 
           
                     
           
         
                   
           
           
                     
               
              
                        
              
           
                     
              
 
 
 
                 
              
             
                   
               
              
                   
               
              
                    
            
            
                      
                  
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our 
net deferred tax liability are as follows:  

Deferred tax assets:

Unearned premiums
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Accrued expenses
Net operating loss carryforwards
Share-based compensation
Other

Total

Deferred tax liabilities:

Deferred acquisition costs
Net unrealized gains on investments
Deferred revenue related to reinsurance
Other

Total

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

(in thousands)

$         

9,375
1,175
694
140
606
212
12,202

$             

7,812
1,239
-
-
545
144
9,740

(11,906)
(2,336)
(3,395)
(192)
(17,829)

(6,199)
(4,792)
-
(90)
(11,081)

Net deferred tax liability

$       

(5,627)

$          

(1,341)

The Company files a federal income tax return and various state and local tax returns. The Company’s consolidated 
federal and state income tax returns for 2012 - 2014 are open for review by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other 
state  taxing  authorities.  The  Company’s  2011  federal  tax  return  was  under  review  by  the  IRS  and  in  2014  the  audit  was 
closed with a no change report.  

As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we have determined that there are no uncertain tax positions.   

(9) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES  

Legal Proceedings 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  conducting  business,  the  Company  is  involved  in  various  legal  proceedings,  specifically 
claims litigation.  The company’s insurance subsidiaries participate in most of these proceedings by either defending third-
party  claims  brought  against  insureds  or  litigating  first-party  coverage  claims.   The  company  accounts  for  such  activity 
through the establishment of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves.  We believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with 
respect  to  such  ordinary-course  claims  litigation,  after  consideration  of  provisions  made  for  potential  losses  and  costs  of 
defense, is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.  The Company is also occasionally involved in other legal and 
regulatory  proceedings,  some  of  which  may  assert  claims  for  substantial  amounts.   These  other  legal  proceedings  may 
occasionally  make  us  party  to  individual  actions  in  which  extra-contractual  damages,  punitive  damages  or  penalties  are 
sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. 

  On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews these outstanding matters, if any.  Consistent with GAAP, the Company 
establishes accruals when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the Company can reasonably estimate its potential 
exposure.  We  record for  such  probable  and  estimable  losses, if  any,  through  the  establishment  of  legal  expense  reserves.  
Based on our quarterly review, the Company believes that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and 
that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. 

58 

 
 
 
           
               
              
                  
              
                  
              
                  
              
                  
         
               
        
             
          
             
          
                  
             
                  
        
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Assessment Related Activity  

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to 
participate  in  assessments.  Currently  these  entities  and  organizations  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  Florida  Insurance 
Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), FHCF and Florida Joint Underwriters 
Insurance Association (“JUA”). As a direct premium writer in the state of Florida, we are required to participate in certain 
insurer  solvency  associations  under  Florida  Statutes  Section  631.57(3)  (a),  administered  by FIGA.  Future  assessments  are 
likely, although the impact of these assessments on our balance sheet, results of operations or cash flow are undeterminable at 
this time. 

  FNIC  is  also  required  to  participate  in  an  insurance  apportionment  plan  under  Florida  Statutes  Section  627.351, 
which is referred to as a JUA Plan. The JUA Plan provides for the equitable apportionment of any profits realized, or losses 
and expenses incurred, among participating automobile insurers. In the event of an underwriting deficit incurred by the JUA 
Plan which is not recovered through the policyholders in the JUA Plan, such deficit shall be recovered from the companies 
participating  in  the  JUA  Plan  in  the  proportion  that  the  net  direct  written  premiums  of  each  such  member  during  the 
preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate net direct premiums written in this state by all members of the JUA Plan. FNIC 
was not assessed by the JUA Plan. Future assessments by this association are undeterminable at this time. 

Leases 

The Company is committed under various operating lease agreements for office space.  Rental expense for the years 
ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.7 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  As of December 31, 
2015, the future minimum lease payments under these agreements are as follows: 

Year Ended
December 31,

Aggregate Minimum
Lease Payments
(in thousands)

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Thereafter
Total

$                               

918
934
953
981
1,019
2,104
6,909

$                            

(10) SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Stock Compensation Plan 

In April 2012, our Board of Directors adopted, and in September 2012 our shareholders approved, the Company’s 
2012 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan permits the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of our common 
stock, subject to adjustment as provided for in the 2012 Plan, in connection with the grant of a variety of equity incentive 
awards, such as stock options and restricted stocks. Officers, directors, executive management and all other employees of the 
Company and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the 2012 Plan. Awards may be granted singly, in combination, or in 
tandem. The 2012 Plan will expire on April 5, 2022. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
                                 
                                 
                              
                              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

Share-based Compensation Expense 

The  following  table  provides  certain  information  in  connection  with  the  Company’s  share-based  compensation 

arrangements as follows: 

Restricted stock
Stock options
  Total share-based compensation expense

2015

$            

$           

2,930
33
2,963

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)
$             
1,525
135
1,660

$            

2013

$               

$               

120
172
292

Excess tax benefits from share-based awards
Intrinsic value of options exercised
Fair value of restricted stock vested

$            
$            
$            

1,564
1,124
2,303

$                
$             
$                

480
5,172
549

169
$               
$               
583
$                
-

The  intrinsic  value  of  options  exercised  represents  the  difference  between  the  stock  option  exercise  price  and  the 
weighted average closing stock price of FNHC common stock on the exercise dates, as reported on The NASDAQ Global 
Select Market. 

The unamortized share-based compensation expense is $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, which 

will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of approximately 3.21 years. 

Stock Option Awards 

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 is as 

follows: 

Outstanding at January 1, 2013
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Number of Shares
781,097
-
(166,077)
(88,499)
526,521
-
(302,735)
(4,501)
219,285
-
(44,652)
-
174,633

Weighted Average 
Option Exercise 
Price

5.93
$                       
$                         
-
$                      
7.15
$                     
11.77
$                       
4.56
$                         
-
$                       
5.13
$                       
3.49
$                       
3.79
$                         
-
$                       
3.81
$                         
-
$                      
3.79

60 

 
 
 
 
 
                   
                  
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                          
                   
                          
                     
                   
                          
                          
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

A following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable in a select price range as 

of December 31, 2015: 

Options Outstanding and Exercisable

Shares Outstanding
and Exercisable
174,633

Weighted Average 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 
(years)
5.60

Weighted Average Exercise 
Price
$3.79

Aggregate Intrinsic 
Value
$4,500,825

Range of Exercise Price
$2.45 - $4.40

Restricted Stock 

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the restricted stock awards issued have been granted to 
executives, directors and other key employees. The shares granted typically vest in equal portions over three or five years. A 
summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity for the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 is as follows: 

Outstanding at January 1, 2013
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
Granted
Vested
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Number of Shares

-
250,000
-
(500)
249,500
268,648
(68,988)
(1,359)
447,801
116,140
(145,134)
-
418,807

Weighted Average 
Grant Date Fair 
Value

$                         
-
$                       
8.23
$                         
-
$                       
5.54
$                      
8.24
$                     
22.50
$                       
7.96
$                       
8.29
$                    
16.84
$                     
27.53
$                     
15.87
$                        
-
$                     
20.14

The weighted average grant date fair value is measured at the closing price of FNHC common stock on the grant 

date, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market. 

(11) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN  

The Company sponsors a profit sharing plan under Section 401(K) of the Internal Revenue Code, which is a defined 
contribution plan that allows employees to defer compensation through contributions to the 401(K) Plan.  This plan covers 
substantially  all  employees  who  meet  specified  service  requirements  and  includes  a 100%  match  up  to  the  first  6%  of  an 
employee’s  salary,  not  to  exceed  statutory  limits.   Additionally,  the  Company  may  make  additional  profit-sharing 
contributions.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company made an additional contribution of 1% of an employee’s 
salary.  During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, there was no additional profit-sharing contribution during the 
years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. 

The Company’s total contributions to the 401(K) Plan were $0.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the years 

ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                          
                          
                        
                         
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(12) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS  

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  related  party  transactions  entered  into  by  the  Company  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 

The  Company  entered  into  catastrophe excess  of  loss reinsurance  agreements  with  TransRe.   For  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company ceded premiums related to these agreements totaling $4.1 million, $1.2 
million and $0, respectively.  There have not been any ceded losses relating to these agreements. 

The Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors is a partner at a law firm that handles certain litigation claims 
for  FNHC.   Fees  paid  to  the  law  firm  amounted  to  $26,151,  $6,538  and  $36,400  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015, 
2014, and 2013, respectively.  

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company paid investment fees to Crosswinds AUM, 

LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Crosswinds totaling $0.2 million, $0 and $0, respectively. 

Refer to note 7 for information relating to the debt owed to TransRe. 

(13) EARNINGS PER SHARE  

The following table illustrates our computations of basic and diluted net income per share. 

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands, except per share data)

2013

Net income attributable to Federated National Holding Company 
shareholders
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
Net income per share - basic      

$           

$             

$           

$              

$                

$              

37,199
12,082
3.08

12,727
8,506
1.50

40,885
13,729
2.98

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic
Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
Net income per share - diluted

13,729
268
13,997
2.92

$              

12,082
356
12,438
2.99

$                

8,506
266
8,772
1.45

$              

Dividends per share

$              

0.18

$                

0.13

$              

0.11

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
               
               
             
               
               
                  
                    
                  
             
               
               
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

(14) VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY  

The  carrying  amounts  of  Monarch  Delaware,  our  consolidated  VIE,  assets,  which  can  only  be  used  to  settle 
obligations  of  Monarch  Delaware,  and  liabilities  of  Monarch  Delaware  for  which  creditors  do  not  have  recourse  are  as 
follows:  

ASSETS
Investments

December 31, 2015
(in thousands)

Debt maturities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value

Total investments

$                     

Cash and cash equivalents
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
Premiums receivable, net 
Deferred income taxes, net
Deferred acquisition costs
Other assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves
Unearned premiums
Debt
Income taxes payable
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities

21,312
1,358
22,670

14,616
34
355
646
234
270
38,825

237
1,448
5,000
8
374
7,067

$                     

$                          

$                       

(15)  STATUTORY ACCOUNTING AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS 

The Company’s insurance companies are subject to regulations and standards of the Florida OIR.  These standards 
require that insurance companies prepare statutory-basis financial statements in accordance with the National Association of 
Insurance  Commissioners  Accounting  Practices  and  Procedures  Manual.   The  Company  did  not  use  any  prescribed  or 
permitted statutory accounting practices that differed from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ statutory 
accounting practices as of December 31, 2015.   

The  Company’s  insurance  companies  are  required  to  report  their  risk-based  capital  (“RBC”)  each  December  31.  
Failure  to  maintain  an  adequate  RBC  could  subject  the  Company  to  regulatory  action  and  could  restrict  the  payment  of 
dividends.  As of December 31, 2015, the RBC levels of the Company’s insurance companies did not subject them to any 
regulatory action. 

Additionally, Florida Statutes require the Company’s insurance companies to maintain specified levels of statutory 
capital and restrict the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to the parent company.  These 
standards require dividends to be paid only from statutory unassigned surplus.  The maximum dividend that may be paid by 
the  Company’s  insurance  companies  to  their  parent  company,  without  prior  regulatory  approval  is  limited  to  the  lesser  of 
statutory  net  income  from  operations  of  the  preceding  calendar  year,  not  including  realized  capital  gains,  plus  a  2-year 
carryforward or 10.0% of statutory unassigned surplus as of the preceding year end.  A dividend may also be taken without 
prior regulatory approval if (a) the dividend is equal to or less than the greater of (i)  Ten percent of the insurer’s surplus as to 
policyholders derived from realized net operating profits on its business and net realized capital gains; or (ii) the insurer’s 
entire  net  operating  profits  and  realized  net  capital  gains  derived  during  the  immediately  preceding  calendar  year;  (b)  the 
insurer will have surplus as to policyholders equal to or exceeding 115 percent of the minimum required statutory surplus as 
to  policyholders  after  the  dividend  or  distribution  is  made;  and  (c)  the  insurer  has  filed  notice  with  the  office  at  least  10 
business days prior to the dividend payment or distribution, or such shorter period of time as approved by the Florida OIR on 
a case-by-case basis.  These dividends are referred to as “ordinary dividends.”  However, if a dividend, together with other 
dividends  paid  within  the  preceding  twelve  months,  exceeds  this  statutory  limit  or  is  paid  from  sources  other  than  earned 
63 

 
 
 
 
                        
                      
                      
                             
                           
                           
                           
                           
                        
                        
                                
                           
 
 
 
 
 
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2015 

surplus, the entire dividend is generally considered an “extraordinary dividend” and must receive prior regulatory approval 
before such dividend can be paid. 

As  of  December  31,  2015  and  2014,  on  a  consolidated  statutory  basis,  the  capital  and  surplus  of  the  Company’s 
insurance companies was $175.9 million and $125.3 million, respectively.  For the years ended December 2015, 2014 and 
2013, consolidated statutory net income of the Company’s insurance companies was $23.9 million, $29.3 million and $3.6 
million,  respectively.   Statutory  capital  and  surplus  significantly  exceeds  amounts  necessary  to  satisfy  regulatory 
requirements. 

(16)  QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS  

The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations: 

2015
Net premiums earned
Total revenue
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Total costs and expenses
Net income attributable to Federated National Holding 
Company shareholders
Net income per share - basic

2014
Net premiums earned
Total revenue
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Total costs and expenses
Net income attributable to Federated National Holding 
Company shareholders
Net income per share - basic

(17) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS  

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

(in thousands, except per share data)

$        
$        
$        
$        

44,786
54,936
23,949
40,452

$        
$        
$        
$        

49,227
58,790
23,149
40,151

$        
$        
$        
$        

62,286
72,599
28,412
54,974

$        
$        
$        
$        

53,721
63,568
28,843
49,123

$          
$           

9,284
0.68

$        
$           

11,734
0.86

$        
$            

10,593
0.77

$          
$           

9,274
0.67

$        
$        
$        
$        

44,004
49,715
20,828
35,987

$        
$        
$        
$        

51,433
59,003
24,522
41,009

$        
$        
$        
$        

34,518
43,150
15,126
31,695

$        
$        
$        
$        

40,950
48,824
20,560
34,694

$          
$            

8,423
0.77

$        
$            

11,554
1.04

$          
$            

7,227
0.57

$          
$            

9,995
0.73

On March 7, 2016, we announced that the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.06 per share, 

which will be paid on June 1, 2016 to shareholders on record as of May 2, 2016. 

On March 10, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors granted 128,472 of restricted shares to the Company’s 

Directors, Executives and other employees.  The restricted shares vest over three or five years. 

64 

 
 
 
 
          
 
 
  
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders  
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

We  have  audited  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  subsidiaries’  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of 
December  31,  2015,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Federated National Holding 
Company and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and 
for  its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying 
Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  included  obtaining  an 
understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a  material  weakness  exists,  testing  and 
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our 
opinion. 

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that  (1)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and 
dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the 
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on the COSO criteria. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive 
income,  changes  in  shareholders'  equity  and  cash  flows  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  of  Federated  National 
Holding Company and subsidiaries and our report dated March 14, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 
Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 14, 2016 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9  
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 

ITEM 9A 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES  

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures  

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed 
in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time 
periods  specified  in  the  SEC’s  rules  and  forms,  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our 
management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions 
regarding required disclosures.  

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the 
participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation 
of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2015.  

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting  

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may 
become inadequate because of changes in condition, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, 
as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, 
including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our 
internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued 
by the COSO.  

Based  on  the  results  of  this  evaluation,  our  management  has  concluded  that  our  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  was  effective  as  of  December  31,  2015  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. We reviewed 
the results of management’s assessment with the Company’s Audit Committee. Our independent registered public accounting 
firm  that  audited  the  consolidated  financial  statements  include  in  this  Form  10-K,  Ernst  &  Young  LLP,  has  issued  an 
attestation  report  on  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  which  appears  in  Part  II,  Item  8, 
“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included on page 65 of this Form 10-K. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting  

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 
31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  

Limitations on Effectiveness  

Our  management  and  our  audit  committee  do  not  expect  that  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  or  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  will  prevent  all  errors  or  all  instances  of  fraud.  A  control  system,  no  matter  how  well 
designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. 
Further, the design of the control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls 
must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls 
can  provide  absolute  assurance  that  all  control  gaps  and  instances  of  fraud  have  been  detected.  These  inherent  limitations 
include  the  realities  that  judgments  and  decision-making  can  be  faulty,  and  that  breakdowns  can  occur  because  of  simple 
errors or mistakes. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more 
people,  or  by  management  override  of  the  controls.  The  design  of  any  system  of  controls  is  based  in  part  upon  certain 
assumptions  about  the  likelihood  of  future  events,  and  any  design  may  not  succeed  in  achieving  its  stated  goals  under  all 
potential future conditions. 

ITEM 9B 

OTHER INFORMATION 

None.  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
PART III 

  Except as provided below, the information required by this Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is included either in 
our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  our  2016  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  (the  "2016  Proxy  Statement")  or  in  an 
amendment to this Form 10-K (the "Form 10-K/A"), as the case may be, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the 
fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. 

ITEM 10 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Except as noted below, the information required by this Item is included in either the 2016 Proxy Statement or the 

Form 10-K/A, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Corporate Governance/Code of Conduct 

We have adopted a Code of Conduct for all employees, officers and directors of the Company.  A copy of our Code 

of Conduct policy is available on our web site at www.FedNat.com. 

ITEM 11 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

The information required by this Item is included in either the 2016 Proxy Statement or the Form 10-K/A, and is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 12 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

The information required by this Item is included in either the 2016 Proxy Statement or the Form 10-K/A, and is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

The information required by this Item is included in either the 2016 Proxy Statement or the Form 10-K/A, and is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 14 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES 

The information required by this Item is included in either the 2016 Proxy Statement or the Form 10-K/A, and is 

incorporated herein by reference. 

PART IV  

ITEM 15 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 10-K 

(a) 

(1) 

The following documents are filed as part of this report. 

Financial Statements 

The following consolidated financial statements of the Company and the reports of independent auditors 
thereon are filed with this report: 

Independent Auditor’s Reports 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 

Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015,  2014  and 
2013. 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 

(2) 

Financial Statement Schedules. 

The following are included herein under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: 

Schedule II, Condensed Financial Information of Registrant 

Schedule V, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 

Schedule VI, Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations 

(3) 

Exhibits. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURES  

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 

caused this Form 10-K report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized. 

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY 

By:  

/s/ Michael H. Braun 
Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer and President 
(Principal Executive Officer)  

/s/ Peter J. Prygelski, III 
Peter J. Prygelski, III, Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

Dated:  March 14, 2016 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

                     Date 

/s/ Michael H. Braun 
Michael H. Braun 

Chief Executive Officer, President and Director  March 14, 2016 
(Principal Executive Officer) 

/s/ Peter J. Prygelski, III 
Peter J. Prygelski, III 

Chief Financial Officer and Director 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

       March 14, 2016 

/s/ Bruce F. Simberg 
Bruce F. Simberg                              

Chairman of the Board and Director                     March 14, 2016 

/s/ Carl Dorf 
Carl Dorf 

/s/ Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough 

/s/ Thomas A. Rogers 
Thomas A. Rogers 

/s/ William G. Stewart 
William G. Stewart 

/s/ Richard W. Wilcox, Jr.  
Richard W. Wilcox, Jr. 

Director  

Director  

Director  

Director  

Director  

       March 14, 2016 

       March 14, 2016 

       March 14, 2016 

       March 14, 2016 

       March 14, 2016 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Index to Financial Statement Schedules 

PAGE 

Schedule II Condensed Financial Information of Registrant ..................................................................................  
Schedule V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts ....................................................................................................  
Schedule VI Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations ...........................................................  

71 
74 
75 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant 
Condensed Balance Sheets 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 
December 31, 2015 and 2014 

ASSETS

Investments in subsidiaries
Investments securities, available-for-sale, at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents
Deferred income taxes, net
Income taxes receivable
Other assets

December 31,

2015

2014

(in thousands)

$         

$        

282,504
25,649
2,397
485
10,471
1,506
323,012

208,853
43,962
12,053
332
8,966
1,555
275,721

Total assets

$        

$       

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Due to subsidiaries
Capital contribution payable
Other liabilities

Total liabilities

$           

70,079
-
2,174
72,253

$          

63,649
18,501
992
83,142

Preferred stock
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Retained earnings

Total shareholders' equity attributable Federated 
National Holding Company shareholders

Noncontrolling interest

Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$        

-
138
131,998
3,985
96,461

232,582
18,177
250,759
323,012

-
136
127,302
7,718
57,423

192,579
-
192,579
275,721

$       

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

71 

 
 
 
             
            
               
            
                  
                 
             
              
               
              
                  
            
               
                 
                  
                  
                  
                 
           
          
               
              
             
            
           
          
             
                  
           
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Condensed Statements of Earnings 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

Revenue:

Management fees 
Net investment income
Equity in income of consolidated subsidiaries

Total revenue

Costs and expenses:

General and administrative expenses

Total costs and expenses

Income before income taxes

Income taxes 

Net income

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest

Net income attributable to Federated National Holding Company 
shareholders

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$              

2,489
609
71,905
75,003

$              

2,387
417
61,653
64,457

$             

1,864
147
21,623
23,634

9,810
9,810

65,193
24,753
40,440
(445)

7,150
7,150

57,307
20,108
37,199
-

4,416
4,416

19,218
6,491
12,727
-

$            

40,885

$            

37,199

$           

12,727

72 

 
 
 
                   
                   
                  
              
              
             
              
              
             
                
                
               
                
                
               
              
              
             
              
              
               
              
              
             
                  
                    
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

Cash flow from operating activities:

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash  provided by (used in) operating 
activities:

Equity in undistributed income of consolidated subsidiaries
Share-based compensation

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive (loss) income
Income taxes receivable, net
Capital contribution payable
Other, net

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

Cash flow from investing activities:

Capital contributions to consolidated subsidiaries, net

Sales, maturities and redemptions of investments securities

Purchases of investment securities

Purchases from property and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flow from financing activities:

Noncontrolling interest equity investment
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards
Issuance of common stock in public offering
Dividends paid

Net cash provided by financing activities
Net (decrease) increase  in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

2015

Year Ended December 31,
2014
(in thousands)

2013

$          

40,440

$            

37,199

$           

12,727

(71,905)
4,527

(153)
24,352
(18,501)
8,551
(12,689)

(32,743)

38,612

(21,354)

(113)

(15,598)

(61,653)
2,140

674
16,521
2,501
2,483
(135)

(18,501)

22,414

(36,949)

(391)

(33,427)

(21,623)
461

3,333
1,732
16,000
5,339
17,969

(16,000)

1,524

(30,366)

(149)

(44,991)

18,743
1,564
171
-
(1,847)
18,631
(9,656)
12,053
2,397

$           

-
480
1,555
43,109
(1,672)
43,472
9,910
2,143
12,053

$            

-
169
858
27,879
(1,233)
27,673
651
1,492
2,143

$            

73 

 
 
 
           
             
           
              
                
                  
                
                   
               
            
              
               
           
                
             
              
                
               
         
                 
            
         
            
          
          
             
              
         
            
          
              
                 
               
           
             
           
            
                    
                  
              
                   
                  
                 
                
                  
                  
              
             
             
               
             
          
             
            
             
                
                  
          
               
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Note to Condensed Financial Statements 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

(1)  ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

FNHC, the Parent Company, is an insurance holding company that controls substantially all steps in the insurance 
underwriting,  distribution  and  claims  processes  through  our  subsidiaries  and  our  contractual  relationships  with  our 
independent agents and general agents.  

The  accompanying  condensed  financial  statements  include  the  activity  of  the  Parent  Company  and,  on  an  equity 
basis,  its  consolidated  subsidiaries.    Accordingly,  these  condensed  financial  statements  have  been  presented  for  the  parent 
company  only.    These  condensed  financial  statements  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial 
statements and related notes of FNHC and subsidiaries set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental 
Data” of this Form 10-K. 

In applying the equity method to our consolidated subsidiaries, we record the investment at cost and subsequently 

adjust for additional capital contributions, distributions and proportionate share of earnings or losses. 

Certain  amounts  in  prior  year’s  condensed  financial  statements  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  2015 

presentation.  

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule V – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES  

Year

2015

2014

2013

Description

Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable
Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable
Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable
Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable
Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable
Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable

Balance at 
January 1,

-
$            
$            
148
$             
-
$            
143
$             
-
$              
69

Charged to 
Costs and 
Expenses

Deductions

Balance at 
December 31,

(in thousands)
-
$          
$           
192
$           
-
$             
45
$           
-
$           
250

$           
-
$            
(38)
$            
-
$            
(40)
$            
-
$          
(176)

-
$             
$             
302
-
$             
$             
148
-
$             
$             
143

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE VI – Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations  
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES  

At December 31,

For the Year Ended December 31,

Claim and Claim 
Adjustment Expenses 
Incurred Related to

Loss and 
Loss 
Adjustment 
Expense 
Reserves

Deferred 
Acquisition  
Costs

Unearned 
Premiums

Line of Business

Property and Casualty Insurance

$       

15,547

$      

97,340

$ 
253,960

Net 
Investment 
Income

Current 
Year

Prior Year

Amortization 
of Deferred 
Acquisition 
Costs

Paid Claims 
and Claim 
Adjustment 
Expenses

Premiums 
Written

$       

7,226

$ 
113,819

$   

(9,466)

$         

37,276

$         

82,445

$      

225,253

Earned 
Premiums
(in thousands)
$ 
210,020

Property and Casualty Insurance

$       

13,610

$      

78,330

$ 
192,424

$ 
170,905

$       

5,385

$   

79,932

$     

1,104

$         

27,474

$         

71,803

$      

175,158

Property and Casualty Insurance

$       

16,708

$      

61,016

$ 
128,343

$ 
104,381

$       

3,332

$   

56,209

$        

201

$         

21,447

$         

44,403

$      

160,664

Year

2015

2014

2013

76 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit             Description 

EXHIBIT INDEX  

3.1 

3.2 

4.1 

10.1 

10.2 

10.3 

10.5 

10.6 

10.7 

10.8 

10.9 

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (Exhibit 3.1 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 filed with the SEC on November 14, 2012). 

Amended  and  Restated  Bylaws  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  in  the  Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 28, 2007). 

Specimen  of  Common  Stock  Certificate  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.1  in  Amendment  No.  1  to  the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on October 7, 1998 [File No. 333-63623]). 

Amended  and  Restated  2012  Stock  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.3  in  the  Company’s 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,2012 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2013).+ 

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between the Company and individuals awarded restricted stock from the 2012 
Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2012).+ 

Federated  National  Holding  Company  2002  Stock  Option  Plan,  as  amended,  and  Stock  Plan  Acknowledgment 
(incorporated by reference to Annex A in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2009 Annual Meeting of 
Stockholders filed with the SEC on April 2, 2009).+ 

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its directors and executive officers (incorporated by 
reference from Exhibit 10.15 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its year ended December 31, 1007 
filed with the SEC on March 17, 2008).  

Reimbursement Contract between Federated National Insurance Company and The State Board of Administration of 
Florida  (SBA)  which  administers  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (FHCF)  effective  June  1,  2015 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  in  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
February 23, 2015).   

Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2015, between Federated National Insurance Company 
and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.1  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on 
Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Reinstatement  Premium  Protection  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  July  1,  2015,  between  Federated  National 
Insurance  Company  and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.2  in  the  Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Homeowners  Quota  Share  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  July  1,  2015  between  Federated  National  Insurance 
Company  and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.3  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

10.10  Non-Florida Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2015 between Federated 
National  Insurance  Company  and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.4  in  the 
Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its  quarter  ended  September  30,  2015  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
November 9, 2015). 

10.11  Non-Florida  Reinstatement  Premium  Protection  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  July  1,  2015  between  Federated 
National  Insurance  Company  and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.5  in  the 
Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its  quarter  ended  September  30,  2015  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
November 9, 2015). 

10.12  FHCF  Supplement  Layer  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  June  1,  2015  between  Federated  National  Insurance 
Company  and  subscribing  reinsurers  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.6  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.13  Order  to  Cease  and  Desist  dated  May  19,  2015  from  the  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation  to  Federated 
National  Insurance  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  99.1  in  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 8, 2015). 

10.14  Final Order dated October 21, 2015 from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation to Federated National Insurance 
Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the 
SEC on October 26, 2015). 

10.15  Form  of  Amended  and  Restated  Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement  between  the 
Company  and  certain  employees  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  in  the  Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 7, 2013) 

10.16  Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated January 18, 2012 between the Company and Michael 
H. Braun (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the 
SEC on January 20, 2012).+  

10.17  Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated January 18, 2012 between the Company and Peter J. 
Prygelski, III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with 
the SEC on January 20, 2012).+ 

10.18  Amendment  to  Employment  Agreement  and  Restrictive  Covenant  Agreement  effective  as  of  March  17,  2015 
between Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC and Michael H. Braun (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 in 
the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 
2015).+ 

10.19  Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement  effective  as  of  March  17,  2015  between 
Monarch  Delaware  Holdings  LLC  and  Michael  H.  Braun  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.4  in  the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 
2015).+ 

10.20  Amendment  No.  1  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation 
Agreement  effective  March  17,  2015  between  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  Peter  J.  Prygelski,  III 
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended 
March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015).+ 

10.21 

Insurance Agency Master Agreement dated February 4, 2013 between Ivantage Select Agency, Inc. and Federated 
National  Underwriters,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.5  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on 
Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on November 6, 2013). 

10.22  First  Amendment  to  Insurance  Agency  Master  Agreement  dated  February  12,  2013  between  Ivantage  Select 
Agency,  Inc.  and  Federated  National  Underwriters,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.6  in  the 
Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its  quarter  ended  September  30,  2013  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
November 6, 2013). 

10.23  Second  Amendment  to  Insurance  Agency  Master  Agreement  dated  January  1,  2015  between  Federated  National 
Underwriters, Inc. and Ivantage Select Agency, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 in the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

10.24  Subscription  Agreement,  effective  as  of  July  18,  2014,  among  C.A.  Bancorp  Inc.,  Federated  National  Holding 
Company, and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 in the Company’s 
Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its  quarter  ended  September  30,  2014  filed  with  the  SEC  on  November  10, 
2014).  

10.25  Managing  General  Agent  and  Claims  Administration  Agreement  dated  as  of  March  17,  2015  between  Monarch 
National  Insurance  Company  and  FedNat  Underwriters,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.1  in  the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 
2015). 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.26  Limited  Liability  Company  Agreement  of  Monarch  Delaware  Holdings  LLC  dated  as  of  March  17,  2015 
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended 
March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

10.27  Consulting  Agreement  dated  as  of  May  6,  2015  between  Bruce  F.  Simberg  and  Federated  National  Holding 
Company  (incorporated by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.7  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its 
quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

10.28  Reimbursement Contract between Federated National Insurance Company and The State Board of Administration of 
Florida  (SBA)  which  administers  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (FHCF)  to  be  effective  June  1,  2016 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1 in  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
March 2, 2016). 

10.29     Reimbursement Contract between Monarch National Insurance Company and The State Board of Administration of 
Florida  (SBA)  which  administers  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (FHCF)  to  be  effective  June  1,  2016 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2 in  the  Company’s  Current  Report  on  Form  8-K  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
March 2, 2016). 

21.1 

Subsidiaries of the Company * 

23.1 

Consent of Goldstein, Schechter, Koch, P.A. Independent Certified Public Accountants * 

23.2 

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP Independent Certified Public Accountants * 

31.1 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

31.2 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

32.1 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

32.2 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

101.INS-XBRL Instance Document. ** 
101.SCH-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. ** 
101.CAL-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. ** 
101.LAB-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. ** 
101.PRE-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. ** 

+   Management Compensation Plan or Arrangement 

* Filed herewith 

** In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes 
of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any 
registration  statement  or  other  document  filed  under  the  Securities  Act  of  Exchange  Act,  except  as  shall  be 
expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 21.1  

SUBSIDIARIES  

FedNat Underwriters, Inc., a Florida corporation  

Century Risk Insurance Services, Inc., a Florida corporation 

Federated National Insurance Company, a Florida corporation  

Insure-Link, Inc., a Florida corporation 

Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company 

Monarch National Holding Company, a Florida corporation 

Monarch National Insurance Company, a Florida corporation 

Southeast Catastrophe Consulting Company, LLC, an Alabama limited liability company  

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 23.1 

 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  the  Registration  Statement  (Form  S-8  No.  333-188217)  pertaining  to  the 
Equity  Incentive  Plans  of  Federated  National  Holding  Company  of  our  report  dated  March  14,  2016,  with  respect  to  the 
consolidated financial statements and schedules of Federated National Holding Company, and the effectiveness of internal 
control  over  financial  reporting of  Federated  National  Holding Company,  incorporated  by  reference  in  this  Annual  Report 
(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 

Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 14, 2016 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 23.2  

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

Board of Directors and Stockholders  
Federated National Holding, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in previously filed Registration Statements on Form S-8, File No. 333-188217, 
which was effective on April 29, 2013, of our report dated March 16, 2015 (except for Schedule II dated March 14, 2016) 
relating to our audits of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, which appear in 
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Federated National Holding (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

/s/ Goldstein Schechter Koch P.A. 

March 14, 2016 
Fort Lauderdale, FL 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.1  

I, Michael H. Braun, certify that:  

CERTIFICATION  

1.     I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Federated National Holding Company;  

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact  necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;  

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;  

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures  (as  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e))  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:  

(a)   Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;  

(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles;  

(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and  

(d)   Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred
during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal quarter (the registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case of  an  annual
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and  

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions):  

(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  registrant’s  ability  to  record,  process,  summarize
and report financial information; and  

(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in 

the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.  

Date:  March 14, 2016 

/s/ Michael H. Braun 

Michael H. Braun  
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
EXHIBIT 31.2  

I, Peter J. Prygelski, III, certify that:  

CERTIFICATION  

1.     I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Federated National Holding Company;  

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact  necessary  to  make  the  statements  made,  in  light  of  the  circumstances  under  which  such  statements  were  made,  not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;  

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;  

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures  (as  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e))  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:  

(a)   Designed  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  or  caused  such  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to  be
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its 
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;  

(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting 
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles;  

(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered 
by this report based on such evaluation; and  

(d)   Disclosed  in  this  report  any  change  in  the  registrant’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred
during  the  registrant’s  most  recent  fiscal quarter (the registrant’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  in  the  case of  an  annual 
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and  

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions):  

(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting  which  are  reasonably  likely  to  adversely  affect  the  registrant’s  ability  to  record,  process,  summarize
and report financial information; and  

(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in

the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.  

Date: March 14, 2016 

/s/  Peter J. Prygelski, III 

Peter J. Prygelski, III 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
EXHIBIT 32.1 

STATEMENTS REQUIRED BY 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Federated National Holding Company (the "Company") for the year 
ended  December  31,  2015,  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  on  the  date  hereof  (the  "Report"),  I, 
Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify that the Report fully complies with the requirements of 
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all 
material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.  

/s/ Michael H. Braun
--------------------
Michael H. Braun 

 March 14, 2016 

The  foregoing  certification  is  made  solely  for  the  purpose  of  18  U.  S.C.  Section  1350,  subject  to  the  knowledge  standard 
contained therein, and not for any other purpose.  

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32.2  

STATEMENTS REQUIRED BY 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Federated National Holding Company (the "Company") for the year 
ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Peter 
J.  Prygelski,  III,  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Company,  certify  that  the  Report  fully  complies  with  the  requirements  of 
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all 
material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.  

/s/ Peter J. Prygelski, III
----------------------- 
Peter J. Prygelski, III 

 March 14, 2016 

 The foregoing certification is made solely for the purpose of 18 U. S.C. Section 1350, subject to the knowledge standard 
contained therein, and not for any other purpose.  

86