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FedNat Company

fnhc · NASDAQ Financial Services
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Industry Insurance - Property & Casualty
Employees 201-500
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FY2016 Annual Report · FedNat Company
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-K 

 ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 
OR 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________________TO _______________________ 

Commission File number 000-25001 

Federated National Holding Company 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Florida 
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 

65-0248866 
(IRS Employer Identification Number) 

14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, FL 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

33323 
(Zip Code) 

 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 800-293-2532 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: 

Title of Each Class 
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered 
NASDAQ Global Market 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:  None 

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes ☐   No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes ☐   No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to 
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has electronically submitted and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data 
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  disclosure  of  delinquent  filers  pursuant  to  Item  405  of  Regulation  S-K  is  not  contained  herein,  and  will  not  be 
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K 
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐ 

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  or  a  smaller  reporting 
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
(Check one): 

Large accelerated filer ☐ 

Accelerated filer ☒ 

Non-accelerated filer ☐ 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) 

Smaller reporting company ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐   No ☒ 

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was $246,945,830 on June 30, 2016, computed on the basis 

of the closing sale price of the Registrant’s common stock on that date. 

As of March 13, 2017, the total number of common shares outstanding of Registrant’s common stock was 13,853,574. 

  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
Table of Contents 

PART I 

ITEM 1 

BUSINESS  

ITEM 1A 

RISK FACTORS  

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ITEM 1B  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS  

ITEM  2 

PROPERTIES 

ITEM 3 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS  

ITEM 4 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES  

PART II 

ITEM 5 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND  
    ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

ITEM 6 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA  

ITEM 7 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND  
    RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

ITEM 7A  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK  

ITEM 8 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA  

ITEM 9 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND  
    FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

ITEM 9A 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES  

ITEM 9B  OTHER INFORMATION  

PART III 

ITEM 10 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE  

ITEM 11 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION  

ITEM 12 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND  
    RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

ITEM 13 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE  

ITEM 14 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES  

PART IV 

ITEM 15 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES  

SIGNATURES  

1 

1 

10 

20 

20 

20 

20 

21 

21 

24 

25 

39 

40 

76 

76 

76 

84 

97 

99 

100 

100 

101 

 
  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
 
Table of Contents 

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

PART I 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities 
Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange 
Act.  These  statements  are  therefore  entitled  to  the  protection  of  the  safe  harbor  provisions  of  these  laws.  These  statements  may  be 
identified by the use of  forward-looking terminology  such  as “anticipate,”  “believe,”  “budget,”  “contemplate,” “continue,”  “could,” 
“envision,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “forecast,”  “guidance,”  “indicate,”  “intend,”  “may,”  “might,”  “outlook,”  “plan,”  “possibly,” 
“potential,” “predict,” “probably,”  “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,”  “should,” “target,”  “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue” or 
the negative thereof  or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. We have based these forward-looking statements on our 
current  expectations,  assumptions,  estimates  and  projections.  While  we  believe  these  expectations,  assumptions,  estimates  and 
projections  are  reasonable,  such  forward-looking  statements  are  only  predictions  and  involve  a  number  of  risks  and  uncertainties, 
many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements 
to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. 
Management cautions that the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not guarantees of future 
performance, and we cannot assume that such statements will be realized or the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. 
Factors that might cause such a difference include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” in 
this Annual Form 10-K, and discussed from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC. 

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The 
forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference into this Annual Form 10-K are made only as of the date hereof. We 
do  not  undertake  and  specifically  decline  any  obligation  to  update  any  such  statements  or  to  publicly  announce  the  results  of  any 
revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments. 

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS 

GENERAL 

Federated  National  Holding  Company  (“FNHC”,  “Company”,  “we”,  “us”)  is  an  insurance  holding  company  that  controls 
substantially  all  steps  in  the  insurance  underwriting,  distribution  and  claims  processes  through  our  subsidiaries  and  our  contractual 
relationships  with  our  independent  agents  and  general  agents.    We  are  authorized  to  underwrite,  and/or  place  through  our  wholly 
owned  subsidiaries,  homeowners’  multi-peril  (“homeowners”),  commercial  general  liability,  federal  flood,  personal  auto  and  other 
lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service  our own and third-party insurers’ products and our 
other services through a network of independent agents. 

Our  wholly  owned  insurance  subsidiary  is  Federated  National  Insurance  Company  (“FNIC”),  which  is  licensed  as  an 
admitted carrier in Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, Texas and South  Carolina.  We also serve  as  managing  general agent for 
Monarch  National  Insurance  Company  (“MNIC”),  which  was  founded  in  2015  through  the  joint  venture,  described  below,  and  is 
licensed  as  an  admitted  carrier  in  Florida.   An  admitted  carrier  is  an  insurance  company  that  has  received  a  license  from  the  state 
department of insurance giving the company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies  are also 
bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, 
including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses 
if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due their policyholders. 

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Gross premiums written  
Homeowners: 
Florida 
Louisiana 
South Carolina 
Alabama 

Total homeowners 
Personal automobile: 
Texas 
Georgia 
Florida 
Alabama 

Total personal automobile 

Commercial general liability 
Federal flood 

Gross premiums written total 

2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

 477,489   $ 
 25,385  
 6,531  
 3,332  
 512,737  

 427,428   $ 
 18,540  
 1,518  
 2,280  
 449,766  

 335,338 
 9,288 
 — 
 312 
 344,938 

 34,239  
 31,831  
 1,745  
 1,664  
 69,479  

 17,916  
 2,762  
 1,200  
 34  
 21,912  

 10,805 
 197 
 1,374 
 — 
 12,376 

 13,256  
 10,013  
 605,485   $ 

 13,928  
 8,164  
 493,770   $ 

 12,432 
 7,410 
 377,156 

  $ 

Monarch National Insurance Company Joint Venture 

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to 
write  homeowners’  property  and  casualty  insurance  in  Florida  from  the  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation  (the  “Florida 
OIR”).   The  Company’s  joint  venture  partners  are  a  majority-owned  limited  partnership  of  Crosswinds  Holdings  Inc.,  a  publicly 
traded Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”); and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”). 

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings, LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the 
indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch 
Delaware).   TransRe  invested  $5.0  million  for  a  15.2%  non-voting  interest  in  Monarch  Delaware  and  advanced  an  additional  $5.0 
million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company 
(“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC. 

In connection with the organization of MNIC, the parties entered into the following agreements dated March 17, 2015: 

  MNIC  entered  into  a  Managing  General  Agent  and  Claims  Administration  Agreement  (the  “Monarch  MGA 
Agreement”) with FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which 
FNU provides underwriting, accounting, reinsurance placement and claims administration services to Monarch.  For its 
services  under  the  Monarch  MGA  Agreement,  FNU  will  receive  4%  of  Monarch’s  total  written  annual  premium, 
excluding acquisition expenses payable to agents, for FNU’s managing general agent services; 3.6% of Monarch’s total 
earned annual premium  for FNU’s claims administration  services; and a per-policy administrative fee of $25 for each 
policy underwritten for Monarch.  The Company will also receive an annual expense reimbursement for accounting and 
related services. 

  MNIC, MNHC and Monarch Delaware (collectively, the  “Monarch Entities”) entered into an Investment Management 
Agreement  (the  “Monarch  Investment  Agreement”)  with  Crosswinds  AUM  LLC,  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of 
Crosswinds  (“Crosswinds  AUM”),  pursuant  to  which  Crosswinds  AUM  will  manage  the  investment  portfolios  of  the 
Monarch Entities.  The management fee, on an annual basis, is 0.75% of assets under management up to $100 million; 
0.50%  of  assets  under  management  of  more  than  $100  million  but  less  than  $200  million;  and  0.30%  of  assets  under 
management of more than $200 million. 

  MNIC  also  entered  into  a  Reinsurance  Capacity  Right  of  First  Refusal  Agreement  with  TransRe,  pursuant  to  which 
TransRe has a right of first refusal for all quota share and excess of loss reinsurance agreements that Monarch Insurance 
deems  necessary in its  sole discretion  for so long as TransRe  remains a  member of Monarch Delaware or the MNHC 
debt  remains  outstanding.    Pursuant  to  this  agreement,  TransRe  has  the  right  to  provide,  at  market  rates  and  terms,  a 
maximum of 15% of any reinsurance coverage obtained by MNIC in any individual reinsurance contract. 

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Table of Contents 

  The  Company’s  CEO  and  Interim  CFO  hold  their  respective  positions  with  Monarch  Entities  while  they  remain 

employed by the Company. 

MNIC  expands  our  ability  to  provide  insurance  policies  in  Florida.   Additionally,  it strengthens  our  relationships  with  our 
partner  agents.  Monarch  Entities  are  consolidated  as  a variable  interest  entity  (“VIE”) in  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial 
statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.  Refer to notes 1 and 14 set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and 
Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the accounting and consolidation of the joint venture. 

Executive Offices 

Our executive  office  is located at 14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, Florida 33323 and our telephone number is 

(800) 293-2532. 

Available Information 

Our  internet  web  site  is  www.FedNat.com  for  policy  holders,  agents  and  investors.  Our  annual  reports  on  Form  10-K, 
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports are available, free of charge, through 
our  website  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  we  electronically  file  or  furnish  such  material  to  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission  (“SEC”).  The  SEC  maintains  an  internet  site  that  contains  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements  and  other 
information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov. 

INSURANCE OPERATIONS AND RELATED SERVICES 

Business Strategy 

We expect that in 2017 we will capitalize on our operational efficiencies and business practices through: 

 

 

 

improved property analytical qualities such as a broader geographical dispersion of risks throughout the southeast United 
States and avoiding risks that do not yield an underwriting profit; 

continued expansion of our homeowners’ and private passenger automobile insurance products into additional states; 

employing our business practices developed and used in Florida in our expansion to other states; 

  maintaining a commitment to provide high quality customer service to our agents and insureds; 

 

 

 

 

expansion of our marketing efforts by retaining key personnel and implementing direct marketing technologies; 

offering attractive incentives to our agents to place a high volume of quality business with our companies; 

cede our insurance risk through reinsurance treaties; and 

additional strategies that may include possible mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures or dispositions of assets (such as 
the MNIC joint venture). 

Overview of Insurance Lines of Business 

Homeowners Property and Casualty Insurance 

FNIC  and  MNIC  underwrite  homeowners  insurance  in  Florida  and  FNIC  also  underwrites  homeowners  insurance  in 
Alabama,  Louisiana,  Texas  and  South  Carolina.  Homeowners  insurance  generally  protects  an  owner  of  real  and  personal  property 
against covered causes of loss to that property. The homeowners’ policies in-force totaled 279,109 and 254,105 at December 31, 2016 
and 2015, respectively. 

Our homeowners insurance products provide maximum dwelling coverage in the amount of approximately $3.8 million, with 
the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $6.5 million. We currently offer dwelling coverage “A” up to $4.0 million 
with an aggregate total insured value of $6.5 million. We continually subject these limits to review; during 2015, coverage “A” was 
increased  by  $1.0  million  and  total  insured  value  increased  by  $1.5  million.  The  approximate  average  premium  on  the  policies 

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currently in-force is $1,837, as compared with $1,758 for 2015. The typical deductible is either $2,500 or $1,000 for non-hurricane-
related claims and generally 2% of the coverage amount for the structure for hurricane-related claims. 

Premium rates charged to our homeowners’  insurance policyholders are continually evaluated to assure that they  meet the 
expectation that they are actuarially sound and produce a reasonable level of profit (neither excessive, inadequate or discriminatory). 
Premium rates in Florida and other states are regulated and approved by the respective states’ office of insurance regulation. In 2016, 
FNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a rate increase of 5.6% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance 
policies, which became effective for new and renewals on August 1, 2016. MNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR 
for a rate decrease of 11.9% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewals 
on April 15, 2016. In 2015, there were no rate increases or decreases in our voluntary property book of homeowners business in FNIC 
or MNIC. As of the date of this Report, the Company has applied with the Florida OIR for a 2017 rate increase of 6.5% for FNIC for 
Florida homeowners’ insurance policies only.  These rate changes are currently awaiting approval from the Florida OIR. We continue 
to monitor and seek appropriate adjustment to our rates in order to remain competitive and profitable. 

Other Lines of Business 

Personal  Automobile:  Nonstandard  personal  automobile  insurance  is  principally  provided  to  insureds  that  are  unable  to  obtain 
standard  insurance  coverage  because  of  their  driving  record,  age,  vehicle  type  or  other  factors,  including  market  conditions.  We 
market this through licensed general agents in their respective territories. Currently, FNIC offers this line of business as  an admitted 
carrier in Texas, Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. 

Commercial General Liability: We underwrite for approximately 380 classes of skilled craft workers (excluding home-builders and 
developers) and mercantile trades (such as owners, landlords and tenants). The limits of liability range from $100,000  per occurrence 
with a $200,000 policy aggregate  to $1.0  million per occurrence  with a $2.0  million policy aggregate.  We  market the commercial 
general  liability  insurance  products  through  independent  agents  and  a  limited  number  of  general  agencies  unaffiliated  with  the 
Company. 

Flood:    FNIC  writes  flood  insurance  through  the  National  Flood  Insurance  Program  (“NFIP”).  We  write  the  policy  for  the  NFIP, 
which assumes 100% of the flood risk while we retain a commission for our service. Currently, FNIC offers  this line of business in 
Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Texas. 

MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION 

Our  independent  agents  and  general  agents  have  the  authority  to  sell  and  bind  insurance  coverage  in  accordance  with 
procedures established by FNU. FNU reviews all coverage bound by the agents promptly and generally accepts all coverage that falls 
within stated underwriting criteria. For all policies issued, FNU also has the right, within a period that varies by state between 60 days 
and 120 days from a policy’s inception, to cancel any policy, upon an advanced notice provided in accordance with statutory specific 
guidelines, even if the risk falls within our underwriting criteria.  We are focusing our marketing efforts on continuing to expand our 
distribution network while maintaining our commitment to long-term relationships. We market our products and services throughout 
Florida  and  in  other  states  by  establishing  relationships  with  additional  independent  agents  and  general  agents.  There  can  be  no 
assurance, however, that we will be able to obtain the required regulatory approvals to offer additional insurance products or expand 
into other states. 

We believe that our integrated computer systems, which allow for rapid automated premium quotation and policy issuance by 

our agents, are key elements in providing quality service to both our agents and insureds for various lines of our business. 

LIABILITY FOR LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES 

We  are  directly  liable  for  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  reserves  (“LAE”)  payments  under  the  terms  of  the  insurance 
policies  that  are  underwritten  by  our  insurance  companies.   In  many  cases,  there  may  be  a  time  lag  between  the  occurrence  and 
reporting of an insured loss and our payment of that loss. As required by insurance regulations and accounting rules, we reflect the 
liability for the ultimate payment of all incurred losses and LAE’s by establishing a liability for those unpaid losses and LAE’s for 
both reported and unreported claims, which represent estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses. 

When a claim involving a probable loss is reported, we establish a liability for the estimated amount of our ultimate losses 
and LAE payments. The estimate of the amount of the ultimate loss is based upon such factors as the type of loss, jurisdiction of the 
occurrence,  knowledge  of  the  circumstances  surrounding  the  claim,  severity  of  injury  or  damage,  potential  for  ultimate  exposure, 
estimate of liability on the part of the insured, past experience with similar claims and the applicable policy provisions. 

In  addition,  management  provides  for  a  liability  on  an  aggregate  basis  to  provide  for  incurred  but  not  yet  reported 
(“IBNR”).   The estimates of the liability for loss and LAE reserves are subject to the effect of trends in claims severity and frequency 

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and  are  continually  reviewed.  As  part  of  this  process,  we  review  historical  data  and  consider  various  factors,  including  known  and 
anticipated  legal  developments,  inflation  and  economic  conditions.  As  experience  develops  and  other  data  become  available,  these 
estimates are revised, as required, resulting in increases or decreases to the existing liability for loss and LAE reserves.  Adjustments 
are  reflected  in  results  of  operations  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  made  and  the  liabilities  may  deviate  substantially  from  prior 
estimates. 

Among our classes of insurance, the automobile and homeowners’ liability claims historically tend to have longer time lapses 
between  the  occurrence  of  the  event,  the  reporting  of  the  claim  and  the  final  settlement,  than  do  automobile  physical  damage  and 
homeowners’  property  claims.  These  liability  claims  often  involve  parties  filing  suit  and  therefore  may  result  in  litigation.  By 
comparison, property damage claims tend to be reported in a relatively shorter period of time and settled in a shorter time frame with 
less occurrence of litigation. 

REINSURANCE AGREEMENTS 

Reinsurance is used primarily to manage overall capital adequacy and mitigate the insurance loss exposure related to certain 

events such as natural and man-made catastrophes. 

FNIC  and  MNIC  operate  primarily  by  underwriting  and  accepting  risks  for  their  direct  account  on  a  gross  basis  and 
reinsuring a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention 
level.  We continually evaluate the relative attractiveness of different forms of reinsurance contracts and different markets that may be 
used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives.   

Reinsurance markets include: 

  Traditional  local  and  global  reinsurance  markets  including  those  in  the  United  States,  Bermuda,  London  and  Europe, 

accessed directly and through reinsurance intermediaries; 

  Capital  markets  through  insurance-linked  securities  and  collateralized  reinsurance  transactions,  such  as  catastrophe 

bonds, sidecars and similar vehicles; and 

  Other insurers that engage in both direct and assumed reinsurance 

The form of reinsurance that we may choose from time to time will generally depend on whether we are seeking: 

  Proportional reinsurance, whereby we cede a specified percentage of premium and losses to reinsurers; 

  Non-proportional  or  excess  of  loss  reinsurance,  whereby  we  cede  all  or  a  specified  portion  of  losses  in  excess  of  a 

specified amount on a per risk, per occurrence (including catastrophe reinsurance) or aggregate basis; or 

  Facultative contracts that reinsure individual policies 

All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC or MNIC from their direct obligations to insured.  While it is not always 
possible  to  reinsure  every  known  and  unknown  risk  to  the  company,  an  effective  reinsurance  program  substantially  mitigates  our 
exposure to potentially significant losses.  There is a credit risk exposure with respect to ceded losses to the extent that any reinsurer is 
unable or unwilling to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance contracts. The collectability of reinsurance is subject to the 
solvency of the reinsurers, interpretation of contract language and other factors.  The availability and amount of ceded premiums and 
losses associated with the acquisition of reinsurance will vary year to year.  Our reinsurance program is subject to approval primarily 
by the Florida OIR and other regulators in states where we do business, and is subject to review by Demotech, Inc. (“Demotech”), in 
connection  with  Demotech’s  rating  of  FNIC  or  MNIC.   Demotech  provides  financial  stability  ratings  for  property  and  casualty 
insurance companies. 

FNIC  and  MNIC  operate  primarily  by  underwriting  and  accepting  risks  for  their  direct  account  on  a  gross  basis  and 
reinsuring a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention 
level. We continually evaluate the relative attractiveness of different forms of reinsurance contracts and different markets that  may be 
used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives. All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC or MNIC from their direct 
obligations to the insured.  

FNIC’s  2015-2016  catastrophe  reinsurance  program,  which  ran  either  from  June  1  to  May  31  or  from  July  1  to  June  30, 
consists  of  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (“FHCF”),  excess  of  loss  treaties  placed  with  the  private  market  and  a 
40%  property quota-share program. The property quota-share reinsurance is a form of proportional reinsurance that provides coverage 

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for the homeowners’ property lines for wind related catastrophes in Florida. The FHCF treaty affords coverage for losses sustained in 
Florida and represents only a portion of the reinsurance coverage in Florida.  

The  excess  of  loss  and  FHCF  treaties,  which  became  effective  on  July  1,  2015  and  June  1,  2015,  respectively,  insure  for 
approximately  $1.82  billion  of  aggregate  catastrophic  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  (“LAE”)  with  a  maximum  single  event 
coverage  totaling  approximately  $1.26  billion,  with  the  Company  retaining  the  first  $12.9  million  in  Florida  and  $5.0  million  in 
Louisiana, Alabama and South Carolina for losses and LAE from each event. Ceded premiums in connection with this program totaled 
approximately $149.7 million.  

FNIC’s  2016-2017  reinsurance  programs,  costing  approximately  $179.5  million, include  approximately  $125.7  million  for 
the private reinsurance for Federated National’s Florida exposure, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection on 
all layers, along with approximately $53.8 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance  treaties 
will afford Federated National with approximately $2.22 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling 
approximately  $1.58  billion,  exclusive  of  retentions. FNIC  maintained  its  FHCF  participation  at  75%  for  the  2016  hurricane 
season. FNIC’s  single  event  pre-tax  retention  for  a  catastrophic  event  in  Florida  is  $18.45  million. In  addition,  FNIC  purchases 
separate underlying reinsurance layers in Louisiana, Alabama, and South Carolina to cover losses and LAE outside of Florida for each 
catastrophic  event  from  $8.0  million  to  $18.45  million.  Depending  on  the  characteristics  of  the  catastrophic  event,  and  the  states 
involved, FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention could be as low as $8.0 million. The maximum pre-tax retention of $18.45 million for 
Florida represents 7.76% of the Company’s shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2016.  

Additionally, the Company’s private market excess of loss treaties became effective July 1, 2016 and all private layers have 
prepaid  automatic  reinstatement  protection,  which  affords  us  additional  coverage  against  multiple  catastrophic  events  in  the  same 
hurricane season. The Company obtained multiple year protection for a portion of its program; as a result, some of the coverage will 
expire  on  June  30,  2017,  and  a  portion  of  the  coverage  will  remain  in-force  one  additional  treaty  year  until  June  30,  2018.  These 
private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all private layers 
attach after $18.45 million in losses for FNIC’s Florida exposure. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next 
layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted. 

MNIC’s  2016-2017  catastrophe  reinsurance  program,  which  runs  from  either  June  1  to  May  31  or  June  1  to  June  30  (13 
month period), consists of the FHCF and private market excess of loss treaties. All private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement 
protection,  which  affords MNIC  additional  coverage,  and  have  a  cascading  feature  such  that  substantially  all  layers  attach  at  $3.4 
million for MNIC's Florida exposure.  

The Company’s property quota share treaties, which are included in the reinsurance program, run for a two-year period from 
July 1 to July 1 of the following year.  The property quota-share treaties consist of two different treaties, one for 30% which became 
effective July 1, 2014, and the other for 10% which became effective July 1, 2015. The combined treaties provided up to a 40% quota-
share reinsurance on the first $100 million of covered losses for the homeowners’ property insurance program in Florida. The  treaties 
are  accounted  for  as  retrospectively  rated  contracts  whereby  the  estimated  ultimate  premium  or  commission  is  recognized  over  the 
period of the contracts.  

On July 1, 2016, the 30% property quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company 
will retain 30% of its unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers will remain liable for 30% of the paid losses occurring during the 
term of the treaty, until the treaty is commuted.  

The Company’s private passenger automobile quota share treaties are typically one-year programs which become effective at 
different points in the year and cover auto policies across several states. These automobile quota share treaties cede 75% to 90% of all 
written premiums entered into by the Company. 

We are selective in choosing reinsurers and consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial stability 
of the reinsurer or capital specifically pledged to uphold the contract, its history of responding to claims and its overall  reputation. In 
an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we evaluate the acceptability and review the financial condition of 
the reinsurer at least annually. As of December 31, 2016, we have over 65 reinsurance companies in our program that are required to 
have at least an “A-” or better rating by A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”) or the agreement would need to be fully collateralized. 

EMPLOYEES 

As of December 31, 2016, we had 381 employees, including two executive officers. The 381 employees are made up of 187 
from our claims  department (of  which 58 handle automobile claims), 81  from our underwriting department,  16  from  our insurance 
agency, and 97 perform our  back office  functions. The back office  functions include but are not limited to accounting, information 
technology,  risk  management  and  human  resources.  We  are  not  a  party  to  any  collective  bargaining  agreement  and  we  have  not 
experienced work stoppages or strikes as a result of labor disputes. We consider relations with our employees to be satisfactory. 

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COMPETITION 

We  operate  in  highly  competitive  markets  and  face  competition  from  national,  regional  and  residual  market  insurance 
companies in the homeowners’, commercial general liability, automobile and flood markets. Our competitors include companies that 
market their products through agents, as well as companies that sell insurance directly to their customers. Large national writers may 
have  certain competitive advantages over agency  writers, including increased  name recognition, increased loyalty of their customer 
base and reduced policy acquisition costs. We compete based on underwriting criteria, our distribution network and superior service to 
our agents and insureds. Although our pricing is inevitably influenced to some degree by that of our competitors, we believe  that it is 
generally not in our best interest to compete solely on price. 

In Florida, more than 50 companies compete with us in the homeowners’ insurance market. Three of our larger competitors 
are  Citizens  Property  Insurance  Corporation  (“Citizens”),  Universal  Property  and  Casualty  Insurance  Company  and  Security  First 
Insurance Company. In Florida, more than a dozen companies compete with us in the commercial general liability insurance market. 

Significant competition also emerged because of fundamental changes made to the property and casualty insurance business 
in Florida in recent years which resulted in a multi-pronged approach to address the cost of residential property insurance in Florida. 
First, the  law increased the capacity of reinsurance that stabilized the  reinsurance  market to the benefit of  the  insurance companies 
writing properties lines in Florida. Secondly, the law provided for rate relief to all policyholders. The law also authorized the state-
owned insurance company, Citizens, which is free of many of the restraints on private carriers such as surplus, ratios, income taxes 
and reinsurance expense, to reduce its premium rates and begin competing against private insurers in the residential property insurance 
market and expands the authority of Citizens to write commercial insurance. 

REGULATION 

Overview 

Our  insurance  operations  are  subject  to  the  laws  and  regulations  of  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Nevada,  South 
Carolina and Texas. We are also subject to employment regulations in Florida as well as California, North Carolina and Nevada, and 
regulations of any other states in which we seek to conduct business in the future. The regulations cover all aspects of our business and 
are generally designed to protect the interests of insurance policyholders, as opposed to the interests of shareholders. Such regulations 
relate  to  authorized  lines  of  business,  capital  and  surplus  requirements,  allowable  rates  and  forms,  investment  parameters, 
underwriting  limitations,  transactions  with  affiliates,  dividend  limitations,  changes  in  control,  market  conduct,  maximum  amount 
allowable for premium financing service charges and a variety of other financial and non-financial components of our business. Our 
failure  to  comply  with  certain  provisions  of  applicable  insurance  laws  and  regulations  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, any changes in such laws and regulations, including the  adoption of 
consumer  initiatives  regarding  rates  charged  for  coverage,  could  materially  and  adversely  affect  our  operations  or  our  ability  to 
expand. 

Most states’ laws restrict an insurer’s  underwriting discretion, such as the ability to terminate  policies, terminate  agents  or 
reject insurance coverage applications, and many state regulators have the power to reduce, or to disallow, increases in premium rates. 
In  addition,  state  laws  generally  require  that  rate  schedules  and  other  information  be  filed  with  the  state’s  insurance  regulatory 
authority, either directly or through a rating organization with which the insurer is affiliated. The regulatory authority may disapprove 
a rate filing if it finds that the rates are inadequate, excessive or unfairly discriminatory. Rates, which are not necessarily uniform for 
all  insurers,  vary  by  class  of  business,  hazard  covered,  and  size  of  risk.  Certain  states,  including  Florida,  as  discussed  above,  have 
adopted laws or are considering proposed legislation which, among other things, limit the ability of insurance companies to effect rate 
increases  or  to  cancel,  reduce  or  non-renew  insurance  coverage  with  respect  to  existing  policies,  particularly  personal  automobile 
insurance. 

Most states require licensure or regulatory approval prior to the  marketing of  new insurance products. Typically, licensure 
review  is  comprehensive  and  includes  a  review  of  a  company’s  business  plan,  solvency,  reinsurance,  character  of  its  officers  and 
directors, rates, forms and other financial and non-financial aspects of a company. The regulatory authorities may prohibit entry into a 
new market by not granting a license or by withholding approval. 

All insurance companies must file quarterly and annual statements with certain regulatory agencies and are subject to regular 
and special examinations by those agencies. We may be the subject of additional special examinations or analysis. These examinations 
or analysis may result in one or more corrective orders being issued by the Florida OIR. The Florida OIR is currently performing a 
regularly scheduled statutory examination of FNIC for the five years ended December 31, 2015. Prior to this, the most recent balance 
sheet audit of FNIC by the Florida OIR occurred as of December 31, 2010. There were no material findings by the Florida OIR in 
connection  with  this  examination.  FNIC  also  experienced  a  regularly  scheduled  statutory  examination  by  the  Florida  OIR  which 

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occurred  during  2010  for  the  five  years  ended  December  31,  2010.  There  were  no  material  findings  in  connection  with  this 
examination. 

In some instances, various states routinely require deposits of assets for the protection of policyholders either in those states 
or for all policyholders. As of December 31, 2016, FNIC and MNIC held investment securities with a fair value of approximately $7.9 
million, as deposits with the state of Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia. 

Consent Order 

On October 21, 2015, the Florida OIR approved the filing made by FNIC to comply with their cease and desist order dated 
May 19, 2015 which enabled them to review and approve FNIC’s underwriting analytic models. Upon its approval of the filing, the 
Florida OIR rescinded the cease and desist order. FNIC was required to pay a nominal administration fee. 

Insurance Holding Company Regulation 

We, the parent company, are subject to laws governing insurance holding companies in Florida where FNIC and MNIC are 
domiciled.  These  laws,  among  other  things,  (i)  require  us  to  file  periodic  information  with  the  Florida  OIR,  including  information 
concerning  our  capital  structure,  ownership,  financial  condition  and  general  business  operations,  (ii)  regulate  certain  transactions 
between us and our affiliates, including the amount of dividends and other distributions, the terms of surplus notes and amounts that 
our affiliates can charge the holding company for services such as management fees or commissions, (iii) restrict the ability of any one 
person  to  acquire  certain  levels  of  our  voting  securities  without  prior  regulatory  approval.  Any  purchaser  of  10%  or  more  of  the 
outstanding  shares  of  our  Common  Stock  will  be  presumed  to  have  acquired  control  of  FNIC  unless  the  Florida  OIR,  upon 
application, determines otherwise. 

Restrictions in Payments of Dividends by Domestic Insurance Companies 

Under Florida law, a domestic insurer may not pay any dividend or distribute cash or other property to its shareholders except 
out  of  that  part  of  its  available  and  accumulated  capital  surplus  funds  which  is  derived  from  realized  net  operating  profits  on  its 
business and net realized capital gains. A Florida domestic insurer may not make dividend payments or distributions to shareholders 
without prior approval of the Florida OIR if the dividend or distribution would exceed the larger of (i) the lesser of (a) 10.0% of its 
capital surplus or (b) net income, not including realized capital gains, plus a two-year carryforward, (ii) 10.0% of capital surplus with 
dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds minus 25.0% of unrealized capital gains or (iii) the lesser of (a) 10.0% of capital 
surplus or (b) net investment  income plus a three-year carryforward  with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds  minus 
25.0% of unrealized capital gains. 

Alternatively, a Florida domestic insurer may pay a dividend or distribution without the prior written approval of the Florida 
OIR (i) if the dividend is equal to or less than the greater of (a) 10.0% of the insurer’s capital surplus as regards policyholders derived 
from realized net operating profits on its business and net  realized capital gains or (b) the insurer’s entire net operating profits and 
realized  net  capital  gains  derived  during  the  immediately  preceding  calendar  year,  (ii)  the  insurer  will  have  policy  holder  capital 
surplus  equal  to  or  exceeding  115.0%  of  the  minimum  required  statutory  capital  surplus  after  the  dividend  or  distribution,  (iii)  the 
insurer files a notice of the dividend or distribution with the Florida OIR at least ten business days prior to the dividend  payment or 
distribution and (iv) the notice includes a certification by an officer of the insurer attesting that, after the payment of the dividend or 
distribution, the insurer will have at least 115.0% of required statutory capital surplus as to policyholders. Except as provided above, a 
Florida domiciled insurer may only pay a dividend or make a distribution (i) subject to prior approval by the Florida OIR or (ii) 30 
days after the Florida OIR has received notice of such dividend or distribution and has not disapproved it within such time. 

No dividends were paid by FNIC in 2016, 2015 and 2014, and none are anticipated in 2017.  Also, no dividends were paid by 
MNIC since inception in 2015 and none are anticipated in 2017. Although we believe that amounts required to meet our financial and 
operating obligations will be available from sources other than dividends from our insurance subsidiaries, there can be no assurance in 
this  regard.  Further,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that,  if  requested,  the  Florida  OIR  will  allow  any  dividends  to  be  paid  by  FNIC  or 
MNIC to us, the parent company, in the future. The maximum dividends permitted by state law are not necessarily indicative of an 
insurer’s actual ability to pay dividends or other distributions to a parent company,  which also may be constrained by business and 
regulatory considerations, such as the impact of dividends on capital surplus, which could affect an insurer’s competitive position, the 
amount of premiums that can be written and the ability to pay future dividends. Further, state insurance laws and regulations require 
that the statutory capital surplus of an insurance company following any dividend or distribution by it be reasonable in relation to its 
outstanding liabilities and adequate for its financial needs. 

While the non-insurance company subsidiaries (FNU and any other affiliate) are not subject directly to the dividend and other 
distribution  limitations,  insurance  holding  company  regulations  govern  the  amount  that  any  affiliate  within  the  holding  company 
structure may charge any of the insurance companies for service (e.g., management fees and commissions). 

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Underwriting and Marketing Restrictions 

During the past several years, various regulatory and legislative bodies have adopted or proposed new laws or regulations to 
address the cyclical nature of the insurance industry, catastrophic events and insurance capacity and pricing. These regulations include 
(i)  the  creation  of  “market  assistance  plans”  under  which  insurers  are  induced  to  provide  certain  coverages,  (ii)  restrictions  on  the 
ability of insurers to rescind or otherwise cancel certain policies in mid-term, (iii) advance notice requirements or limitations imposed 
for certain policy non-renewals and (iv) limitations upon or decreases in rates permitted to be charged. 

National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Risk-Based Capital Requirements 

In  order  to  enhance  the  regulation  of  insurer  solvency,  NAIC  established  risk-based  capital  requirements  for  insurance 
companies that are designed to assess capital adequacy and to raise the level of  protection that statutory surplus provides for policy 
holders.  These  requirements  measure  three  major  areas  of  risk  facing  property  and  casualty  insurers:  (i)  underwriting  risks,  which 
encompass the risk of adverse loss developments and inadequate pricing; (ii) declines in asset values arising from credit risk; and (iii) 
other  business  risks  from  investments.  Insurers  having  less  statutory  surplus  than  required  will  be  subject  to  varying  degrees  of 
regulatory  action,  depending  on  the  level  of  capital  inadequacy.  The  Florida  OIR,  which  follows  these  requirements,  could  require 
FNIC or MNIC to cease operations in the event they fail to maintain the required statutory capital. 

Based upon the 2016 and 2015 statutory financial statements for FNIC and MNIC, statutory surplus exceeded the regulatory 

action levels established by the NAIC’s risk-based capital requirements. 

Based on risk-based capital requirements, the extent of regulatory intervention and action increases as the ratio of an insurer’s 
statutory surplus to its Authorized Control Level (“ACL”), as calculated under the NAIC’s requirements, decreases. The first action 
level,  the  Company  Action  Level,  requires  an  insurer  to  submit  a  plan  of  corrective  actions  to  the  insurance  regulators  if  statutory 
surplus falls below 200.0% of the ACL amount. The second action level, the Regulatory Action Level, requires an insurer to submit a 
plan  containing  corrective  actions  and  permits  the  insurance  regulators  to  perform  an  examination  or  other  analysis  and  issue  a 
corrective  order  if  statutory  surplus  falls  below  150.0%  of  the  ACL  amount.  The  third  action  level,  ACL,  allows  the  regulators  to 
rehabilitate  or  liquidate  an  insurer  in  addition  to  the  aforementioned  actions  if  statutory  surplus  falls  below  the  ACL  amount.  The 
fourth action level is the Mandatory  Control  Level,  which requires the regulators to rehabilitate  or liquidate  the insurer if statutory 
surplus  falls  below  70.0%  of  the  ACL  amount.  FNIC’s  ratio  of  statutory  surplus  to  its  ACL  was  307.5%,  439.3%  and  534.0%  at 
December  31,  2016,  2015  and  2014,  respectively.  MNIC’s  ratio  of  statutory  surplus  to  its  ACL  was  2,419.8%  and  7,260.0%  at 
December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

Industry Ratings Services 

Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the ability of insurers to pay their claims. These financial strength ratings are used 
by the insurance industry to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers. These ratings are based on criteria established by the 
rating agencies and reflect evaluations of each insurer’s profitability, debt and cash levels, customer base, adequacy and soundness of 
reinsurance, quality and estimated market value of assets, adequacy of reserves and management. Ratings are based upon factors of 
concern  to  agents,  reinsurers  and  policyholders  and  are  not  directed  toward  the  protection  of  investors,  such  as  purchasers  of  our 
common stock. 

As  of  December  31,  2016,  FNIC and  MNIC  are rated  by  Demotech  as  “A”  (“Exceptional”),  which  is  the  third  of  seven 
ratings, and defined as “Regardless of the severity of a general economic downturn or deterioration in the insurance cycle, insurers 
earning a Financial Stability Rating (“FSR”) of “A” possess “Exceptional” financial stability related to maintaining surplus as regards 
to policyholders”. Demotech’s ratings are based upon factors of concern to agents, reinsurers and policyholders and are not primarily 
directed toward the protection of investors. Our Demotech rating could be jeopardized by factors including adverse development and 
various  surplus related ratio exceptions. On November 16, 2016, Demotech reaffirmed FNIC’s FSR of “A” (“Exceptional”) and on 
November 30, 2016 Demotech reaffirmed MNIC’s FSR of “A” (“Exceptional”). 

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ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS  

We  are  subject  to  certain  risks  in  our  business  operations  which  are  described  below.  Careful  consideration  of  these  risks 
should  be  made  before  making  an  investment  decision.  The  risks  and  uncertainties  described  below  are  not  the  only  ones  facing 
FNHC.  Additional  risks  and  uncertainties  not  presently  known  or  currently  deemed  immaterial  may  also  impair  our  business 
operations. 

Risks Related to Our Business 

Our financial condition could be adversely affected by the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters. 

We  write  insurance  policies  that  cover  homeowners,  business  owners  and  automobile  owners  for  losses  that  result  from, 
among  other  things,  catastrophes  and  sinkholes.  Catastrophic  losses  can  be  caused  by  natural  events  such  as  hurricanes,  tropical 
storms, tornadoes, wind, hail, fires, explosions and other events, and their incidence and severity are inherently unpredictable. They 
can  also  be  caused  by  terrorist  attacks,  war,  riots,  political  instability  and  other  man-made  events.  The  extent  of  losses  from  a 
catastrophe is a function of two factors: the total amount of the insurance company’s exposure in the area affected by the event and the 
severity  of  the  event.  Although  our  homeowners’  policyholders  are  disbursed  throughout  the  Southeast,  the  majority  of  which  are 
located in Florida, which is especially subject to adverse weather conditions such as hurricanes and tropical storms, and a substantial 
portion are located in southeastern Florida. 

The occurrence of claims from catastrophic events could result in substantial volatility in our results of operations or financial 
condition for any fiscal quarter or year. Increases in the values and concentrations of insured property may also increase the severity of 
these occurrences in the future. Although we attempt to manage our exposure to such events through the use of underwriting controls 
and the purchase of third-party reinsurance, catastrophic events are inherently unpredictable and the actual nature of such events when 
they  occur  could  be  more  frequent  or  severe  than  contemplated  in  our  pricing  and  risk  management  expectations.  As  a  result,  the 
occurrence of one or more catastrophic events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. 

Florida experienced two significant hurricanes in 2016, which some  weather analysts believe is consistent with a period of 
greater hurricane activity. We are exploring alternatives to reduce our exposure to these types of storms, which may increase operating 
expenses and may not be successful in protecting long-term profitability. If our loss experience is more adverse than is contemplated 
by our loss reserves, the related increase in our loss reserves may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the 
period in which the increase occurs. 

Although we follow the industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our risks, our costs of obtaining reinsurance fluctuates and 
we may not be able to successfully alleviate risk through reinsurance arrangements. 

We  have  a  reinsurance  structure  that  is  a  combination  of  private  reinsurance  and  the  FHCF.  Our  reinsurance  structure  is 
composed  of  several  reinsurance  companies  with  varying  levels  of  participation  providing  coverage  for  loss  and  LAE’s  at  pre-
established minimum and maximum amounts. Losses incurred in connection with a catastrophic event below the minimum and above 
the maximum are the responsibility of FNIC and MNIC. 

The availability and costs associated  with the acquisition of reinsurance  will  vary  year to  year. We are not able to control 
these  fluctuations  which  may  be  significant  and  may  limit  our  ability  to  purchase  adequate  coverage.  The  recovery  of  increased 
reinsurance costs through rate action is not immediate and cannot be presumed, as it is subject to approval of the Florida OIR. 

We face a risk of non-collectability of reinsurance, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of 
operations and financial condition. 

As is common practice  within the insurance industry, we transfer a portion of the risks insured under our policies to other 
companies through the purchase of reinsurance. This reinsurance is maintained to protect our insurance subsidiary against the severity 
of losses on individual claims, unusually serious occurrences in which a number of claims produce an aggregate extraordinary loss and 
other  catastrophic  events.  Although  reinsurance  does  not  discharge  our  insurance  subsidiary  from  its  primary  obligation  to  pay  for 
losses  insured  under  the  policies  it  issues,  reinsurance  does  make  the  assuming  reinsurer  liable  to  the  insurance  subsidiary  for  the 
reinsured  portion  of  the  risk.  A  credit  exposure  exists  with  respect  to  ceded  losses  to  the  extent  that  any  reinsurer  is  unable  or 
unwilling to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance contracts. The collectability of reinsurance is subject to the solvency 
of the reinsurers, interpretation of contract language and other factors. A reinsurer’s insolvency or inability to make payments under 
the terms of a reinsurance contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Our  reinsurance  structure  has  significant  risks,  including  the  fact  that  the  FHCF  or  our  other  reinsurers  may  not  have 
available capital resources to pay their claims or that their ability to pay their claims in a timely manner may be impaired. This could 
result in significant financial, legal and operational challenges to our company. Therefore, in the event of a catastrophic loss, we may 
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become  dependent  upon  the  FHCF’s  ability  to  pay,  which  may,  in  turn,  be  dependent  upon  the  SBA’s  ability  to  issue  bonds  in 
amounts that would be required to meet its reinsurance obligations in the event of such a catastrophic loss. 

If we are unable to continue our growth because our capital must be used to pay greater than anticipated claims, our financial 
results may suffer. 

Our future growth will depend on our ability to expand the types of insurance products we offer and the geographic markets 
in  which  we  do  business,  both  balanced  by  the  business  risks  we  choose  to  assume  and  cede.  We  believe  that  our  Company  is 
sufficiently capitalized to operate our business as it now exists and as we currently plan to expand it. Our existing sources of funds 
include possible sales of our investment securities and our earnings from operations and investments. Unexpected catastrophic events 
in our market areas, such as the hurricanes experienced in Florida and South Carolina in 2016, have resulted and may result in greater 
claims  losses  than  anticipated,  which  could  require  us  to  limit  or  halt  our  growth  while  we  redeploy  our  capital  to  pay  these 
unanticipated claims. 

We may require additional capital in the future which may not be available or only available on unfavorable terms. 

Our  future  capital  requirements  depend  on  many  factors,  including  our  ability  to  write  new  business  successfully  and  to 
establish  premium  rates  and  reserves  at  levels  sufficient  to  cover  losses.  To  the  extent  that  our  capital  may  be  insufficient  to  meet 
future  operating  requirements  and/or  cover  losses,  we  may  need  to  raise  additional  funds  through  financings  or  curtail  our  growth. 
Many factors will affect the amount and timing of our capital needs, including our growth and profitability, our claims experience, and 
the availability of reinsurance, as well as possible acquisition opportunities, market disruptions and other unforeseeable developments. 

If we were required to raise additional capital, equity or debt financing may not be available at all or may be available only 
on terms that are not favorable to us. In the case of equity financings, dilution to our shareholders’ ownership could result, and in any 
case such securities may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of existing shareholders. If we raise additional 
funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and 
specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business or pay dividends. If we cannot obtain adequate capital on 
favorable terms or at all, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. 

Our business is heavily regulated, and changes in regulation may reduce our profitability and limit our growth. 

We are subject to extensive regulation in the states in which we conduct business. This regulation is generally designed to 
protect the interests of policyholders, as opposed to shareholders and other investors, and relates to authorization for lines of business, 
capital  and  surplus  requirements,  investment  limitations,  underwriting  limitations,  transactions  with  affiliates,  dividend  limitations, 
changes in control, premium rates and a variety of other financial and non-financial components of an insurance company’s business. 
These  regulatory  requirements  may  adversely  affect  or  inhibit  our  ability  to  achieve  some  or  all  of  our  business  objectives.  State 
regulatory authorities also conduct periodic examinations into insurers’ business practices. These reviews may reveal deficiencies in 
our insurance operations or differences between our interpretations of regulatory requirements and those of the regulators. 

The  NAIC  and  state  insurance  regulators  are  constantly  reexamining  existing  laws  and  regulations,  generally  focusing  on 

modifications to holding company regulations, interpretations of existing laws and the development of new laws. 

From time to time, some states in which we conduct business have considered or enacted laws that may alter or increase state 
authority to regulate insurance companies and insurance holding companies. In other situations, states in which we conduct business 
have  considered  or  enacted  laws  that  impact  the  competitive  environment  and  marketplace  for  property  and  casualty  insurance.  In 
addition,  in  recent  years  the  state  insurance  regulatory  framework  has  come  under  increased  federal  scrutiny.  Changes  in  federal 
legislation  and  administrative  policies  in  several  areas,  including  changes  in  financial  services  regulation  and  federal  taxation,  can 
significantly impact the insurance industry and us. 

We  cannot predict  with certainty the effect any enacted, proposed or future state or federal legislation or NAIC initiatives 
may have on the conduct of our business. Furthermore, there can be no  assurance that the regulatory requirements applicable to our 
business will not become more stringent in the future or result in materially higher costs than current requirements. Changes in the 
regulation of our business may reduce our profitability, limit our growth or otherwise adversely affect our operations. 

We may experience financial exposure from climate change. 

A body of scientific evidence indicates that climate change may be occurring. Climate change, to the extent that it may affect 
weather patterns, may cause an increase in the frequency and/or the severity of catastrophic events or severe weather conditions. Our 
financial exposure from climate change is most notably associated with losses in connection with the occurrence of hurricanes striking 
Florida. We mitigate the risk of financial exposure from climate change by restrictive underwriting criteria, sensitivity to  geographic 
concentrations, and reinsurance. 

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Restrictive underwriting criteria can include, but are not limited to, higher premiums and deductibles and more specifically 
excluded  policy  risks  such  as  fences  and  screened-in  enclosures.  New  technological  advances  in  computer  generated  geographical 
mapping afford us an enhanced perspective as to geographic concentrations of policyholders and proximity to flood prone areas. Our 
amount of maximum reinsurance coverage is determined by subjecting our homeowner exposures to statistical forecasting models that 
are designed to quantify a catastrophic event in terms of the frequency of a storm  occurring once in every “n” years. Additionally, if 
the statistical forecasting models fail to contemplate an emerging claim trend, such as the assignment of insurance benefits  in Florida 
then there is the risk the Company may not purchase adequate catastrophic wind coverage. Our reinsurance coverage contemplates the 
effects of a  catastrophic event that occurs only once every 100 years. Our amount of losses retained (our deductible) in connection 
with a catastrophic event is determined by  market capacity, pricing conditions and surplus preservation. There can be no assurance 
that our reinsurance coverage and other measures taken will be sufficient to mitigate losses resulting from one or more catastrophic 
events. 

Our loss reserves are estimates and may be inadequate to cover our actual liability for losses, causing our results of operations 
to be adversely affected. 

We maintain reserves to cover our estimated ultimate liabilities for losses and LAE. These reserves are estimates based on 
historical data and statistical projections of what we believe the settlement and administration of claims will cost based on facts and 
circumstances then known to us. Actual loss and LAE reserves, however, may vary significantly from our estimates. 

Factors  that  affect  loss  and  LAE  reserves  include  the  estimates  made  on  a  claim-by-claim  basis  known  as  “case  reserves” 
coupled with bulk estimates known as IBNR. Periodic estimates by management of the ultimate costs required to settle all claim files 
are  based  on  the  Company’s  analysis  of  historical  data  and  estimations  of  the  impact  of  numerous  factors  such  as  (i)  per  claim 
information; (ii) Company and industry historical loss experience, including the impact of trends such as the assignment of benefits by 
insureds;  (iii)  legislative  enactments,  judicial  decisions,  legal  developments  in  the  awarding  of  damages,  and  changes  in  political 
attitudes; and (iv) trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation. Management revises its estimates based on 
the results of its analysis. This process assumes that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments and anticipated 
trends,  is  an  appropriate  basis  for  estimating  the  ultimate  settlement  of  all  claims.  There  is  no  precise  method  for  subsequently 
evaluating the impact of any specific factor on the adequacy of the reserves, because the eventual redundancy or deficiency is affected 
by multiple factors. 

Because of the uncertainties that surround estimated loss reserves, we cannot be certain that our reserves will be adequate to 
cover  our  actual  losses.  If  our  loss  and  LAE  reserves  are  less  than  actual  losses  and  LAE’s,  we  will  be  required  to  increase  our 
reserves with a corresponding reduction in our net income in the period in which the deficiency is identified. Future loss experience, 
substantially in excess of our loss and LAE reserves, could substantially harm our results of operations and financial condition. 

Our  revenues  and  operating  performance  will  fluctuate  due  to  statutorily  approved  assessments  that  support  property  and 
casualty insurance pools and associations. 

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to participate 
in assessments. Currently these entities and organizations include, but are not limited to, the Florida Joint Underwriters Association 
(“JUA”), the Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens and the FHCF. 

The  insurance  companies  currently  pass  the  assessments  on  to  holders  or  insurance  policies,  in  the  form  of  a  policy 
surcharge, and reflect the collection of these assessments as fully earned credits to operations in the period collected. The collection of 
these fees may adversely affect our overall marketing strategy due to the competitive landscape in Florida. 

In addition, the impact of future assessments on our balance sheet, results of operations or cash flow are undeterminable at 

this time. 

Our investment portfolio may suffer reduced returns or losses, which would significantly reduce our earnings. 

Like  other  insurance  companies,  we  depend  on  income  from  our  investment  portfolio  for  a  substantial  portion  of  our 
earnings. During the time that normally elapses between the receipt of insurance premiums and any payment of insurance claims, we 
invest  the  premiums  received,  together  with  our  other  available  capital,  primarily  in  debt  securities  and  to  a  lesser  extent  in  equity 
securities, in order to generate investment income. 

Our  investment  portfolio  contains  interest  rate  sensitive  instruments,  such  as  bonds,  which  may  be  adversely  affected  by 
changes in interest rates. A significant increase in interest rates or decrease in credit worthiness could have a material adverse effect on 
our financial condition or results of operations. Generally, bond prices decrease as interest rates rise. Changes in interest rates could 

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also have an adverse effect on our investment income and results of operations. For example, if interest rates decline, investment of 
new premiums received and funds reinvested will earn less than expected. 

Our determination of the amount of other-than-temporary impairment to record varies by investment type and is based upon 
our  periodic  evaluation  and  assessment  of  known  and  inherent  risks  associated  with  the  respective  investment  type.  We  revise  our 
evaluations  and  assessments  as  conditions  change  and  new  information  becomes  available,  and  we  reflect  changes  in  other-than- 
temporary  impairments  in  our  consolidated  statements  of  income.  We  base  our  assessment  of  whether  other-than-temporary 
impairments  have  occurred  on  our  case-by-case  evaluation  of  the  underlying  reasons  for  the  decline  in  fair  value.  We  can  neither 
provide assurance that we have accurately assessed whether the impairment of one or more of our investments is temporary or other-
than-temporary,  nor  that  we  have  accurately  recorded  amounts  for  other-than-temporary  impairments  in  our  financial  statements. 
Furthermore, historical trends may not be indicative of future impairments and additional impairments may need to be recorded in the 
future. 

In  addition,  volatile  and  illiquid  markets  increase  the  likelihood  that  investment  securities  may  not  behave  in  historically 
predictable manners, resulting in fair value estimates that may be overstated compared with actual amounts that could be realized upon 
disposition  or  maturity  of  the  security.  The  effects  of  market  volatility  and  declining  economic  conditions  may  have  unforeseen 
consequences on the credit quality, liquidity and financial stability of the issuers of securities we hold, or reinsurers with which we do 
business.  Such  deteriorations  in  financial  condition  can  occur  rapidly,  leaving  us  unable  to  react  to  such  a  scenario  in  a  prudent 
manner  consistent  with  our  historical  practices  in  dealing  with  more  orderly  markets.  This  in  turn  could  adversely  and  negatively 
affect our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. 

The failure of any of the loss limitation methods we employ could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or 
our results of operations. 

Various provisions of our policies, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage which have been negotiated to limit our 
risks, may not be enforceable in the manner we intend. At the present time we employ a variety of exclusions to our policies that limit 
exposure to known risks, including, but not limited to, exclusions relating to certain named liabilities, types of vehicles and specific 
artisan activities. 

In addition, the policies we issue contain conditions requiring the prompt reporting of claims to us and our right to decline 
coverage in the event of a violation of that condition. While we believe our insurance product exclusions and limitations reduce the 
loss exposure to us and help eliminate known exposures to certain risks, it is possible that a court or regulatory authority could nullify 
or void an exclusion or that legislation could be enacted modifying or barring the use of such endorsements and limitations in a way 
that  would adversely affect our loss experience,  which could have  a  material adverse effect on our  financial condition or results of 
operations. 

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business are uncertain. 

As  industry  practices  and  legal,  judicial,  social  and  other  conditions  change,  unexpected  and  unintended  issues  related  to 
claims  and  coverage  may  emerge.  These  issues  may  adversely  affect  our  business  by  either  extending  coverage  beyond  our 
underwriting intent or by increasing the number or size of claims. In some instances, these changes may not become apparent until 
sometime after we have issued insurance contracts that are affected by the changes. As a result, the full extent of liability under our 
insurance contracts may not be known for many years after a contract is issued. 

Another  example  of  an  existing  trend,  particularly  in  Florida  homeowners  insurance,  is  the  assignment  of  homeowner 
benefits for a claim where a service provider agrees to make a repair that may be covered by an insurance policy in exchange  for the 
policyholder’s right to sue the insurance carrier directly. The assignment of the insurance benefits has substantially increased, and is 
likely to continue to increase, the Company’s exposure to inflated claims, attorney fees and costs. Although legislative actions in the 
State  of  Florida  to  limit  the  effect  of assignment  of  benefits  on  insurance  companies  are  being  contemplated,  there  can  be  no 
assurances that any such legislative actions will become law or, if enacted, that such actions will have the effect of limiting the impact 
on us of assignments of benefits by insureds. 

Our failure to pay claims accurately could adversely affect our business, financial results and capital requirements. 

We must accurately evaluate and pay claims that are made under our policies. Many factors affect our ability to pay claims 
accurately,  including  the  training  and  experience  of  our  claims  representatives,  the  culture  of  our  claims  organization  and  the 
effectiveness of our management, our ability to develop or select and implement appropriate procedures and systems to support our 
claims functions and other factors. Our failure to pay claims accurately could lead to material litigation, undermine our reputation in 
the marketplace, impair our image and negatively affect our financial results. 

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In addition, if we do not train new claims adjusting employees effectively or if we lose a significant number of experienced 
claims adjusting employees, our claims department’s ability to handle an increasing workload as we grow could be adversely affected. 
In addition to potentially requiring that growth be slowed in the affected markets, we could suffer decreased quality of claims work, 
which in turn could lower our operating margins. 

Our insurance company is subject to minimum capital and surplus requirements, and our failure to meet these requirements 
could subject us to regulatory action. 

Our  insurance  company  is  subject  to  risk-based  capital  standards  and  other  minimum  capital  and  surplus  requirements 
imposed under applicable state laws, including the laws of the State of Florida. The risk-based capital (“RBC”) standards, based upon 
the Risk Based Capital Model Act adopted by the NAIC, require our insurance company to report their results of RBC calculations to 
state  departments  of  insurance  and  the  NAIC.  These  RBC  standards  provide  for  different  levels  of  regulatory  attention  depending 
upon the ratio of an insurance company’s total adjusted capital, as calculated in accordance with NAIC guidelines, to its authorized 
control level risk-based capital. 

If  we  fail to  meet the applicable RBC or  minimum  statutory capital requirements  imposed by the laws of  Florida  or other 
states where we do business, we could be subject to further examination or corrective action imposed by state regulators, including 
limitations  on  out  writing  of  additional  business,  state  supervision  or  liquidation,  and  may  be  required  to  raise  additional  capital. 
Similarly,  an  increase  in  existing  RBC  requirements  or  minimum  statutory  capital  requirements  may  require  us  to  increase  our 
statutory capital levels. 

Our revenues and operating performance may fluctuate with business cycles in the property and casualty insurance industry. 

Historically,  the  financial  performance  of  the  property  and  casualty  insurance  industry  has  tended  to  fluctuate  in  cyclical 
patterns characterized by periods of significant competition in pricing and  underwriting terms and conditions,  which is known as a 
“soft”  insurance  market,  followed  by  periods  of  lessened  competition  and  increasing  premium  rates,  which  is  known  as  a  “hard” 
insurance  market.  Although  an  individual  insurance  company’s  financial  performance  is  dependent  on  its  own  specific  business 
characteristics, the profitability of most property and casualty insurance companies tends to follow  this cyclical market pattern, with 
profitability generally increasing in hard markets and decreasing in soft markets. At present, we are experiencing a softening market in 
the property and casualty market in Florida and in the other states we operate in because of increased competition. We cannot predict, 
however,  how  long  these  market  conditions  will  persist.  Although  we  do  not  compete  entirely  on  price  or  targeted  market  share, 
negative market conditions may impair our ability to write insurance at rates that we consider appropriate relative to the risk assumed. 
If we cannot write insurance at appropriate rates, our revenues and operating performance may be adversely affected. 

We may not obtain the necessary regulatory approvals to expand the types of insurance products we offer or the states in 
which we operate. 

The insurance industry is highly regulated. Prior to selling a new insurance product in a state, we must obtain approval from 
the  applicable  state  insurance  regulators.  The  insurance  regulators  in  states  to  which  we  might  apply  may  request  additional 
information, add conditions to the license that  we find  unacceptable, or deny our application. This  would delay or prevent  us from 
operating in that state. If we want to operate in any additional states, we must file similar applications for licenses, which we may not 
be successful in obtaining. 

Adverse ratings by insurance rating agencies may adversely impact our ability to write new policies, renew desirable policies 
or obtain adequate insurance, which could limit or halt our growth and harm our business. 

Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the ability of insurers to pay their claims. These financial strength ratings are used 
by the insurance industry to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers. These ratings are based on criteria established by the 
rating agencies and reflect evaluations of each insurer’s profitability, debt and cash levels, customer base, adequacy and soundness of 
reinsurance, quality and estimated market value of assets, adequacy of reserves, and management. Ratings are based upon factors of 
concern  to  agents,  reinsurers  and  policyholders  and  are  not  directed  toward  the  protection  of  investors,  such  as  purchasers  of  our 
common stock. 

Our ability to compete successfully in states outside of Florida and to expand our business footprint may also be negatively 
affected by our lack of an A.M. Best Company rating of our financial strength. Although our insurance subsidiaries have a Demotech 
rating  of  “A”  (Exceptional),  which  is  generally  accepted  in  Florida  and  certain  other  states,  a  rating  by  A.M.  Best  is  more  widely 
accepted  outside  of  Florida  and  may  cause  customers  and  agents  to  prefer  a  policy  written  by  an  A.M.  Best-rated  company  over  a 
policy written by us. In addition, some mortgage companies outside of Florida may require homeowners to obtain property insurance 
from an insurance company with a minimum A.M. Best rating. 

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The  withdrawal  of  our  ratings  could  limit  or  prevent  us  from  writing  or  renewing  desirable  insurance  policies,  from 
competing  with insurers  who  have  higher ratings, from obtaining adequate  reinsurance, or from borrowing on a line of credit.  The 
withdrawal  or  downgrade  of  our  ratings  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  position 
because  our  insurance  products  might  no  longer  be  acceptable  to  the  secondary  marketplace  and  mortgage  lenders.  Furthermore,  a 
withdrawal or downgrade of our ratings could prevent independent agents from selling and servicing our insurance products or could 
increase the commissions we must pay to these agents. 

We  rely  on  independent  and  general  agents  to  write  our  insurance  policies,  and  if  we  are  not  able  to  attract  and  retain 
independent and general agents, our revenues would be negatively affected. 

We  currently  market  and  distribute  our  products  and  services  through  contractual  relationships  with  a  network 
of   independent agents and a selected number of general agents. Our independent agents are our primary source for our property and 
liability insurance policies. Many of our competitors also rely on independent agents. As a result, we must compete with other insurers 
for independent agents’ business. Our competitors  may offer a greater variety of insurance products, lower premiums  for insurance 
coverage, or higher commissions to their agents. If our products, pricing and commissions do not remain competitive, we may find it 
more difficult to attract business from independent agents to sell our products. A material reduction in the amount of our products that 
independent  agents  sell  or  a  material  reduction  in  the  number  of  independent  agents  with  whom  we  maintain  a  relationship  could 
negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. 

We are a party to an Insurance Agency Master Agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc. (“ISA”) an affiliate of Allstate 
Insurance Company, or Allstate, pursuant to which we are authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our homeowners’ and 
commercial  general  liability  insurance  products  to  consumers  in  Florida.  Since  that  time,  our  homeowners’  premiums  and  the 
percentage of homeowners’ premiums attributable to Allstate agents has increased rapidly. During 2016, 24.1% of the homeowners’ 
premiums  we  underwrote  were  from  Allstate’s  network  of  Florida  agents,  and  this  concentration  may  continue  to  increase.  An 
interruption or change in our relationship with ISA could have a material adverse effect on the amount of premiums we are able to 
write, as well as our results of operations. 

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by a security breach or other attack involving our computer systems 
or the systems of one or more of our business partners or vendors. 

Our business requires that we build and maintain computer systems to run our operations and to store the significant volume 
of data that we acquire, including the personal confidential information of our customers, agents and employees and our intellectual 
property, trade secrets, and other sensitive business and financial information. These systems are  subject to attacks by sophisticated 
third  parties  with  substantial  computing  resources  and  capabilities.  Such  attacks  may  include,  among  other  things,  attempts  to  gain 
unauthorized access to this confidential or proprietary data or attempts to disrupt or shut down the system. Additionally, an employee, 
consultant, vendor representative or other person with legitimate access to our systems may take actions, or be the subject of a security 
breach or cyber-attack, which could result in improper or unauthorized access to our systems, and in the loss or theft of our intellectual 
property or the personal information of our customers, agents or employees. 

We  undertake  substantial  efforts  to  protect  our  systems  and  sensitive  or  confidential  information.  These  efforts  include 
internal processes and technological defenses that are preventative or detective, and other controls designed to provide multiple layers 
of security protection. While we expend significant resources on these defensive measures, there can be no assurance that we will be 
successful in preventing attacks or detecting and stopping them once they have begun. 

We  also conduct  significant  business functions and computer operations  using the systems of third-party business partners 
and  vendors,  who  provide  software,  hosting,  communication,  and  other  computer  services  to  us.  These  third-party  systems  may 
experience  cyber-attacks  and  other  security  breaches,  which  could  result  in  the  loss,  theft  or  unauthorized  publication  of  our 
information or the confidential information of our customers, agents or employees. 

Our business could be significantly damaged by a security breach, data loss or corruption, or cyber-attack. In addition to the 
potentially  high  costs  of  investigating  and  stopping  such  an  event  and  implementing  necessary  fixes,  we  could  incur  substantial 
liability if confidential customer, agent or employee information is stolen. This could cause a significant disruption of our ability to 
conduct our insurance operations, adversely affect our competitive position if trade secrets or other proprietary information is stolen, 
and have severe ramifications on our reputation and brand, resulting in a materially adverse effect on our ability to generate new and 
renewal business. To mitigate these costs, we carry a cyber-liability insurance policy. Our insurance may not be sufficient to protect 
against  all  financial  and  other  loss.  Additionally,  this  policy  will  not  afford  us  coverage  for  security  breaches,  data  loss,  or  cyber-
attacks experienced by our third-party business partners who have access to our customer, agent, or employee data. 

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We rely on our information technology and telecommunications systems, and the failure of these  systems could disrupt  our 
operations. 

Our business is  highly dependent upon the  successful and  uninterrupted  functioning of  our current information technology 
and telecommunications  systems. We  rely on these  systems to process new  and renewal business, provide  customer  service,  make 
claims payments and facilitate collections and cancellations, as well as to perform actuarial and other analytical functions  necessary 
for pricing and product development. As a result, the failure of these systems could interrupt our operations and adversely affect our 
financial results. We utilize a third-party to provide certain information security related services designed to prevent an information 
security event or detect one timely. Although we have implemented security measures to protect our systems from computer viruses 
and intrusions by third parties, there can be no assurances that these measures will be effective. 

Nonstandard automobile insurance historically has a higher frequency of claims than standard automobile insurance, thereby 
increasing  our  potential  for  loss  exposure  beyond  what  we  would  be  likely  to  experience  if  we  offered  only  standard 
automobile insurance. 

Nonstandard automobile insurance is provided to insureds that are unable to obtain preferred or standard insurance coverage 
because  of  their  payment  histories,  driving  records,  age,  vehicle  types,  or  prior  claims  histories.  This  type  of  automobile  insurance 
historically  has  a  higher  frequency  of  claims  than  does  preferred  or  standard  automobile  insurance  policies,  although  the  average 
dollar amount of the claim is usually smaller under nonstandard insurance policies. As a result, we are exposed to the possibility of 
increased loss exposure and higher claims experience than would be the case if we offered only standard automobile insurance. 

Our success depends on our ability to accurately price the risks we underwrite. 

The results of operations and the financial condition of our insurance company depend on our ability to underwrite and set 
premium rates accurately for a wide variety of risks. Rate adequacy is necessary to generate sufficient premiums to pay losses, LAE’s 
and  underwriting  expenses  and  to  earn  a  profit.  In  order  to  price  our  products  accurately,  we  must  collect  and  properly  analyze  a 
substantial  amount  of  data;  develop,  test  and  apply  appropriate  rating  formulas;  closely  monitor  and  timely  recognize  changes  in 
trends; and project both severity and frequency of losses with reasonable accuracy. Our ability to undertake these efforts successfully 
and price our products accurately is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside our control, including: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the availability of sufficient reliable data and our ability to properly analyze available data; 

the uncertainties that inherently characterize estimates and assumptions; 

our selection and application of appropriate rating and pricing techniques; 

changes in legal standards, claim settlement practices, medical care expenses and restoration costs; 

regulatory restrictions; and 

legislatively imposed consumer initiatives. 

Consequently,  we  could  underprice  risks,  which  would  negatively  affect  our  profit  margins,  or  we  could  overprice  risks, 
which  could  reduce  our  sales  volume  and  competitiveness.  In  either  event,  the  profitability  of  our  insurance  company  could  be 
materially and adversely affected. 

Current operating resources are necessary to develop future new insurance products. 

We  currently  intend  to  expand  our  product  offerings  by  underwriting  additional  insurance  products  and  programs,  and 
marketing  them  through  our  distribution  network.  Expansion  of  our  product  offerings  will  result  in  increases  in  expenses  due  to 
additional  costs  incurred  in  actuarial  rate  justifications,  software  and  personnel.  Offering  additional  insurance  products  may  also 
require regulatory approval, further increasing our costs. There can be no assurance that we will be successful bringing new insurance 
products to our marketplace in a manner that is profitable. 

Increased  competition,  competitive  pressures,  industry  developments  and  market  conditions  could  affect  the  growth  of  our 
business and adversely impact our financial results. 

We  operate  in  highly  competitive  markets  and  face  competition  from  national,  regional  and  residual  market  insurance 
companies  in  the  homeowners’,  commercial  general  liability,  and  automobile  markets,  many  of  whom  are  larger,  have  greater 
financial and other resources, have higher financial strength ratings and offer more diversified insurance coverage. Our competitors 

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include  companies  that  market  their  products  through  agents,  as  well  as  companies  that  sell  insurance  directly  to  their  customers. 
Large national writers may have certain competitive advantages over agency writers, including increased name recognition, increased 
loyalty  of  their  customer  base  and  reduced  policy  acquisition  costs.  We  may  be  forced  to  reduce  our  premiums  significantly  to 
compete, which could make us less profitable and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition. If we do not meet the prices offered by our competitors, we may lose business in the short term, which could also result in a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

MNIC has focused on the Florida homeowners’ insurance market, which has increased our exposure to the factors that impact 
the Florida insurance market generally, such as the occurrence of hurricanes, trends in claims experience, and the impact of 
changes in Florida insurance law and regulations. 

MNIC is organized as a Florida property and casualty insurer and has initially focused primarily on the Florida homeowners’ 
insurance market. As a result, the presence of MNIC in the Florida market increases our exposure to the factors that impact insurers in 
the Florida market generally, such as the occurrence of catastrophic events such as hurricanes, the trends experienced in administering 
and resolving claims resulting from the increased use of private adjusters, and the impact of changes in Florida’s insurance laws and 
regulations. To the extent that these factors may adversely affect our operations, the presence of MNIC in the Florida market will have 
the effect of magnifying the effect of those factors. 

MNIC writes insurance policies that have a higher risk profile than those written by FNIC, allowing MNIC to reach a broader 
market  and  charge  higher  premiums.  While  MNIC  underwriting  standards  avoids  the  highest  risk  policies,  the  occurrence  of  a 
catastrophic event could result in greater losses per policy for MNIC and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of 
operations, financial position and cash flows. 

Our  executive  management  team  is  critical  to  the  strategic  direction  of  our  company.  If  there  were  an  unplanned  loss  of 
service by any of our officers our business could be harmed. 

We  depend,  and  will  continue  to  depend,  on  the  services  of  our  executive  management  team,  which  includes  Michael  H. 
Braun, our Chief Executive Officer and President. Our success also will depend in part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified 
executive  officers,  experienced  underwriting  talent  and  other  skilled  employees  who  are  knowledgeable  about  our  business.  If  we 
were  to  lose  the  services  of  one  or  more  members  of  our  executive  management  team,  our  business  could  be  adversely  affected. 
Although  we have employment agreements  with our executive officers, any  unplanned loss of service  could substantially harm our 
business. 

New homeowners’ insurance operations outside of the State of Florida may not be profitable. 

We  plan  to  continue  the  expansion  of  admitted  homeowners’  property  and  casualty  programs  into  other  states  as 
opportunities avail themselves. Risks associated with execution of our planned operations include the inability to market an adequately 
priced policy, inadequate commission structures, and overpriced or unavailable catastrophic reinsurance for wind events. Additionally, 
each state  has  its own authoritative body designed to regulate  the insurance products and operations of  new and existing insurance 
companies under their respective authority. 

There can be no guarantees that our operations will be profitable in a given state nor can there be any guarantees that the state 

authorities will allow us to do business in that state. 

Risks Related to an Investment in Our Shares 

Our stock price in recent years has been volatile and is likely to continue to be volatile. As a result, the market price of  our 
common stock may drop below the price you pay, and you may not be able to resell your shares at a profit. 

The market price of our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, significant volatility from time to 

time. Such volatility may be affected by various factors and events, such as: 

 

 

 

our quarterly operating results, including a shortfall in operating revenue or net income from that expected by securities 
analysts and investors; 

recognition of large unanticipated accounting charges, such as related to a loss reserve enhancement; 

changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance or the financial performance of our competitors or 
companies in our industry generally; 

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Table of Contents 

 

 

 

the  announcement  of  a  material  event  or  anticipated  event  involving  us  or  our  industry  or  the  markets  in  which  we 
operate; 

the issuance of a significant number of shares; and 

the other risk factors described in this  annual Form 10-K, the accompanying notes and the documents incorporated by 
reference herein. 

In recent years, the U.S. stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations, which have sometimes affected 
the market price of the securities issued by a particular company in a manner unrelated to the operational performance of the company. 
This type of market effect could impact our common stock price as well. The volatility of our common stock means that the price of 
our common stock may have declined substantially at such time as you may look to sell your shares of our common stock. If our share 
price decreases, the value of your investment could decline. 

We have authorized but unissued preferred stock, which could affect rights of holders of common stock. 

Our articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of preferred stock with designations, rights and preferences determined 
from time to time by our board of directors. Accordingly, our board of directors is empowered, without shareholder approval, to issue 
preferred  stock  with  dividends,  liquidation,  conversion,  voting  or  other  rights  that  could  adversely  affect  the  voting  power  or  other 
rights of the holders of common stock. In addition, the preferred stock could be issued as a method of discouraging a takeover attempt. 
Although we do not intend to issue any preferred stock at this time, we may do so in the future. 

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and our bylaws, as amended, and the Florida Business Corporation Act could make 
it more difficult to acquire us and may reduce the market price of our common stock. 

Our articles of incorporation and our bylaws presently contain certain provisions which may make it more difficult and time-
consuming for shareholders or third parties to influence our management, policies or affairs, and may discourage, delay or prevent a 
transaction involving a change-in-control of the Company and offering a premium over the current market price of our common stock. 
These provisions include those which: 

 

 

 

prohibit cumulative voting in the election of our directors, 

establish a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms, 

establish advance notice and disclosure procedures for shareholders to bring matters, including nominations for election 
to our board, before a meeting of our shareholders, and 

 

eliminate the ability of shareholders to take action by written consent in lieu of a shareholder meeting. 

As a result,  we  may be less likely to receive  unsolicited offers to acquire us that some  of our shareholders  might consider 

beneficial. 

The Florida Business Corporation Act, as amended, contains provisions, which our directors have elected not to opt out of, 
that are designed to enhance the ability of our board to respond to and potentially defer attempts to acquire control of the  Company. 
These provisions may discourage altogether takeover attempts that have not been approved by our board. These provisions may also 
adversely affect the price that a potential purchaser would be willing to pay for our common stock and, therefore, deprive you of the 
opportunity to obtain a takeover premium for your shares. These provisions could make the removal of our incumbent directors and 
management more difficult. These provisions may enable a minority of our directors and the holders of a minority of our outstanding 
voting stock or the holders of an existing control block to prevent, delay, discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or 
proxy  contest,  even  though  the  transaction  may  be  favorable  to  the  interests  of  a  majority  of  our  non-affiliate  shareholders.  These 
provisions could also potentially adversely affect the market price of our common stock. 

As a holding company, we depend on the earnings of our subsidiaries and their ability to pay management fees and dividends 
to the holding company as the primary source of our income. 

We are an insurance holding company whose primary assets are the stock of our wholly and partially owned subsidiaries. Our 
operations, and our ability to pay dividends or service future potential debt, are limited by the earnings of our subsidiaries and their 
payment of their earnings to us in the  form of  management fees, commissions, dividends, loans, advances or the reimbursement of 
expenses. These payments can be made only when our subsidiaries have adequate earnings. In addition, dividend payments made to us 

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by our insurance subsidiary are restricted by Florida law governing the insurance industry. Generally, Florida law limits the dividends 
payable by insurance companies under complicated formulas based on the subsidiary’s available capital and earnings. 

Payment of dividends in the future will depend on our earnings and financial position and such other factors, as our Board of 

Directors deems relevant. 

Future sales of our common stock may depress our stock price. 

Sales  of  a  substantial  number  of  shares  of  our  common  stock  in  the  public  market  or  otherwise,  by  us  or  by  a  major 
stockholder could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional 
equity securities. 

In  addition,  we  may  issue  additional  shares  of  our  common  stock  from  time  to  time  in  the  future  in  amounts  that  may  be 
significant. The sale of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that these sales may occur, could adversely impact 
our stock price. 

As of December 31, 2016, there were 79,484 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable stock options 
and 243,759 additional shares available for grant under our equity-based compensation plans. The market price of the common shares 
may be depressed by the potential exercise of these options or grant of these shares. The holders of these options are likely to exercise 
them when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional capital on more favorable terms than those provided by the options. 

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ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

None. 

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES 

Our  executive  offices  are  located  at  14050  N.W.  14th  Street,  Suite  180,  Sunrise,  Florida  33323  in  an  18,554  square  foot 
office  facility. Our original lease for this office  space  was  scheduled to expire in May 2017. During March 2014,  we extended our 
lease term to expire in August 2019 and expanded the leased premises to include an additional 13,642 square feet. During September 
2015,  we  extended  our  lease  term  to  expire  in  December  2022  and  expanded  the  leased  premises  to  include  an  additional  10,048 
square feet. Refer to Note 8 set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for further 
information about our leases. 

ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  conducting  our  business,  we  become  involved  in  various  legal  actions  and  claims.   Litigation  is 
subject  to  many  uncertainties  and  we  may  be  unable  to  accurately  predict  the  outcome  of  such  matters,  some  of  which  could  be 
decided unfavorably to us.  Management does not believe the ultimate outcome of any pending matters of the nature described above 
would be material.   

The Company is a party to a Co-Existence Agreement effective as of August 30, 2013 (the “Co-Existence Agreement”) with 
Federated Mutual Insurance Company (“Mutual”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to certain restrictions on its use of  the 
word  “FEDERATED”  without  the  word  “NATIONAL”  when  referring  to  FNHC  and  Federated  National  Insurance  Company.    In 
response to Mutual’s allegations that the Company’s use of the word “FED” as part of the Company’s federally registered “FEDNAT” 
trademark  infringes  on  Mutual’s  federal  and  common  law  trademark  rights,  which  the  Company  disputes,  on  July  21,  2016,  the 
Company filed a declaratory judgment action for non-infringement of trademark in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of 
Florida.    Specifically,  the  Company  seeks  a  declaration  that  its  federally  registered  trademark  "FEDNAT"  does  not  infringe  any 
alleged trademark rights of Mutual and that Mutual does not own any trademark rights to the name or mark "FED" in connection with 
insurance services outside of Owatonna, Minnesota.   On July 26, 2016, Mutual filed a  demand for arbitration against the Company 
before the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) alleging a breach of the Co-Existence Agreement.  On November 29, 2016, the 
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida granted Mutual’s motion to compel arbitration of the Company’s declaratory 
judgment action for non-infringement of a trademark.   On February 3, 2017, the AAA granted the Company’s motion to terminate the 
arbitration for lack of jurisdiction based upon Mutual’s failure to comply with the Co-Existence Agreement’s regarding the selection 
of  an  arbitrator.  The  parties  are  currently  in  the  process  of  conferring  upon  the  selection  of  a  mutually  agreeable  arbitrator.  The 
Company  nevertheless  intends  to  vigorously  defend  against  Mutual’s  allegations,  although  there  can  be  no  assurances  as  to  the 
outcome of this matter. 

On March 2, 2017, the Company filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida court to enforce the terms of the restrictive 
covenants set forth in the Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated August 5, 
2013,  as  amended,  entered  into  between  Peter  J.  Prygelski,  III  and  the  Company  during  Mr.  Prygelski’s  employment  with  the 
Company  and  set  forth  in  the  separation  agreement  he  entered  into  in  connection  with  his  separation  from  the  Company.    The 
Company believes that  he accepted employment  with a competitor in contravention of these restrictive covenants and therefore  the 
Company is seeking injunctive relief, declaratory relief and damages, although there can be no assurances as to  the outcome of this 
matter. The Company has not recognized a gain contingency in the financial statements as of December 31, 2016. 

Refer to Note 9 set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for additional 

information on legal proceedings. 

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

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PART II 

ITEM 5.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS 

Our common stock is listed for trading on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “FNHC”. The following table sets 
forth  quarterly  high  and  low  closing  sale  prices  as  reported  on  the  NASDAQ  Global  Market.  These  reported  prices  reflect  prices 
between dealers, without accounting for retail mark-ups, markdowns or commissions, and may not represent actual transactions. 

Quarter Ended: 
March 31, 2016 
June 30, 2016 
September 30, 2016 
December 31, 2016 

March 31, 2015 
June 30, 2015 
September 30, 2015 
December 31, 2015 

  $ 

  $ 

High 

Low 

 29.08   $ 
 22.93  
 22.45  
 19.33  

 31.87   $ 
 31.76  
 25.90  
 32.61  

 18.68 
 18.00 
 17.08 
 14.03 

 23.15 
 23.26 
 20.23 
 23.54 

The closing price of our common stock on March 15, 2017 was $18.12. 

HOLDERS 

As  of  March  15,  2017,  there  were  94  holders  of  record  of  our  common  stock.  We  believe  that  the  number  of  beneficial 

owners of our common stock is in excess of 5,800. 

DIVIDENDS 

The Board of Directors of FNHC declared regular quarterly dividends as follows: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In September 2016, our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend payable December 1, 2016 to 
shareholders of record on November 1, 2016, totaling $1.1 million. 

In  May  and  June  2016,  our  Board  of  Directors  declared  quarterly  dividend  payments  of  $0.06 per  common  share, 
respectively, paid in June and August 2016, respectively, totaling $1.7 million. 

In  February  2016,  our  Board of  Directors  declared  a  quarterly  dividend  payment  of  $0.05  per  common  share,  paid  in 
March 2016, amounting to $0.7 million.  

$0.05 per common share payable on December 1, 2015 and March 1, 2016 to shareholders of record as of November 2, 
2015 and February 1, 2016. 

$0.04 per common share payable on March 2, June 1 and September 1, 2015 to shareholders of record as of February 2, 
May 4 and August 3, 2015. 

$0.03 per common share payable on September 3 and December 2, 2013 and March 3, June 2, and September 2, 2014 to 
shareholders of record as of August 5 and November 4, 2013 and February 3, May 5, August 4, 2014. $0.04 per common 
share payable on and December 1, 2014 to shareholders of record as of November 3, 2014. 

Payment of dividends in the future will depend on our earnings and financial position and such other factors, as our Board of 
Directors deems relevant. Moreover, our ability to continue to pay dividends may be restricted by regulatory limits on the amount of 
dividends that FNIC and MNIC are permitted to pay to the parent company. 

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SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS 

The  following  table  summarizes  our  equity  compensation  plans  as  of  December  31,  2016.  All  equity  compensation  plans 
were approved by our shareholders. We have not granted any options, warrants or rights to our shareholders outside of these equity 
compensation plans. 

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

Number of securities to   Weighted-average  

Number of securities  
remaining available for  
future issuance under  

Plan category 
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 

be issued upon exercise of   exercise price of   equity compensation plans  
outstanding options,  
(excluding securities  
outstanding options,  
warrants and rights  warrants and rights  reflected in column (a)) 
(b) 

(a) 

(c) 

 79,484 

 3.70 

 243,759 

For  additional  information  concerning  our  equity  compensation,  refer  to  Note  10  set  forth  in  Part  II,  Item  8  “Financial 

Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K. 

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH 

The following  graph  shows the cumulative total  shareholder return on our common stock over  the last five fiscal  years as 
compared with the total returns of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the SNL Property & Casualty Insurance Index. In accordance 
with SEC rules, this graph includes indices that we believe are comparable and appropriate. 

Federated National Holding Company 

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Table of Contents 

Index 
Federated National Holding Company 
NASDAQ Composite 
SNL Insurance P&C 

Period Ending 

  12/31/11    12/31/12    12/31/13    12/31/14    12/31/15    12/31/16 
 658.07 
 219.89 
 219.27 

 1,027.79  
 201.98  
 185.79  

 835.03  
 188.84  
 179.61  

 181.39  
 117.45  
 118.04  

 503.83  
 164.57  
 156.39  

 100.00  
 100.00  
 100.00  

Returns are based on the change in year-end to year-end price. The graph assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2011 
in our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the SNL Property & Casualty Insurance Index and that all dividends were 
reinvested. Past performance is not necessarily an indicator of future results. 

Our filings with the SEC may incorporate information by reference, including this Form 10-K.  Unless we specifically state 
otherwise, the information under this heading “Stock Performance Graph” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting materials” and  shall 
not be deemed to be “filed”  with the  SEC or incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the  Securities  Act of 1933, as 
amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

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ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the  consolidated financial statements 
and  notes  thereto  and  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations”  appearing 
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Statement of Operations Data: 
Revenue: 

Net premiums earned 
Net investment income 
Net realized investment gains 
Direct written policy fees 
Other income 

Total revenue 
Costs and expenses: 

Losses and loss adjustment expenses 
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 
General and administrative expenses 
Interest expense 

Total costs and expenses 
Income before income taxes 

Income taxes  

Net income 

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National  
  Holding Company shareholders 

Per share data: 

Net (loss) income per share attributable to Federated National 
  Holding Company shareholders: 

Basic 
Diluted 
Dividends 

Balance Sheet Data: 
Cash and invested assets 
Total assets 
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves 
Total liabilities 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Book value per share 

 $ 

2016 

 259,872    $ 
 9,063     
 3,045     
 17,730     
 26,674     
 316,384     

 187,341     
 108,776     
 17,186     
 348     
 313,651     
 2,733     
 2,683     
 50     
 246     

2015 

Year Ended December 31,   
2014 
(in thousands, except per share data) 

2013 

 210,020    $ 
 7,226     
 3,616     
 11,248     
 17,783     
 249,893     

 104,353     
 64,868     
 15,223     
 256     
 184,700     
 65,193     
 24,753     
 40,440     
 (445)    

 170,905    $ 
 5,385     
 4,426     
 8,689     
 11,287     
 200,692     

 81,036     
 52,077     
 10,272     
 —    
 143,385     
 57,307     
 20,108     
 37,199     
 —    

 104,381    $ 
 3,332     
 2,881     
 6,196     
 4,947     
 121,737     

 56,410     
 38,580     
 7,529     
 —    
 102,519     
 19,218     
 6,491     
 12,727     
 —    

2012 

 59,359  
 3,819  
 1,072  
 2,093  
 2,304  
 68,647  

 30,209  
 26,515  
 5,175  
 — 
 61,899  
 6,748  
 2,435  
 4,313  
 — 

 $ 

 (196)   $ 

 40,885    $ 

 37,199    $ 

 12,727    $ 

 4,313  

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 (0.01)   $ 
 (0.01)   $ 
 0.27    $ 

 2.98    $ 
 2.92    $ 
 0.18    $ 

 3.08    $ 
 2.99    $ 
 0.13    $ 

 1.50    $ 
 1.45    $ 
 0.11    $ 

 0.53  
 0.53  
 0.02  

2016 

2015 

December 31, 
2014 
(in thousands, except per share data) 

2013 

2012 

 484,275   $ 
 813,127   $ 
 158,110   $ 
 575,271   $ 
 237,856   $ 
 17.65   $ 

 437,369   $ 
 699,254   $ 
 97,340   $ 
 448,495   $ 
 250,759   $ 
 18.17   $ 

 370,920   $ 
 503,631   $ 
 78,330   $ 
 311,052   $ 
 192,579   $ 
 14.13   $ 

 262,156   $ 
 316,741   $ 
 61,016   $ 
 208,247   $ 
 108,494   $ 
 9.95   $ 

 151,238 
 185,888 
 49,908 
 119,983 
 65,905 
 8.26 

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Table of Contents 

ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Operating Results Overview - Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2015 

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of  Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders 
or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 

The following table summarizes our audited results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: 

  $ 

Revenue: 

Gross premiums written 
Increase in unearned premiums 
Gross premiums earned 
Ceded premiums earned 
Net premiums earned 
Net investment income 
Net realized investment gains 
Direct written policy fees 
Other income 
Total revenue 

Expenses: 

Losses and LAE 
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 
General and administrative expenses 
Interest expense 

Total costs and expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income taxes 

Net income 

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net (loss) income attributable to FNHC 

  $ 

Ratios to net premiums earned: 

Net loss ratio (1) 
Net expense ratio (2) 
Net combined ratio (3) 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
  % Change   
(Dollars in thousands) 

2016 

 22.6%  $ 
 (34.9)%   
 30.8%   
 37.5%   
 23.7%   
 25.4%   
 (15.8)%   
 57.6%   
 50.0%   
 26.6%   

 79.5%   
 67.7%   
 12.9%   
 35.9%   
 69.8%   

 (95.8)%   
 (89.2)%   
 (99.9)%   
 (155.3)%   
 (100.5)%  $ 

 605,485  
 (40,062)  
 565,423  
 (305,551)  
 259,872  
 9,063  
 3,045  
 17,730  
 26,674  
 316,384  

 187,341  
 108,776  
 17,186  
 348  
 313,651  

 2,733  
 2,683  
 50  
 246  
 (196)  

72.1%  
48.5%  
120.7%  

2015 

 493,770 
 (61,536) 
 432,234 
 (222,214) 
 210,020 
 7,226 
 3,616 
 11,248 
 17,783 
 249,893 

 104,353 
 64,868 
 15,223 
 256 
 184,700 

 65,193 
 24,753 
 40,440 
 (445) 
 40,885 

49.7% 
38.1% 
87.9% 

(1)  The net loss ratio is calculated as losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned. 
(2)  The net expense ratio is calculated as all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned. 
(3)  The net combined ratio is calculated as the sum of losses and LAE and all operating expenses less interest expense 

divided by net premiums earned. 

Revenue 

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016 of $316.4 million increased $66.5 million, or 26.6%, compared to 

revenue of $249.9 million in 2015. 

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Gross Premiums Written 

The following table represents the gross premiums written breakout for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: 

Gross premiums written: 
Homeowners Florida 
Homeowners non-Florida 
Personal automobile 
Commercial general liability 
Federal flood 

Total gross premiums written 

Year Ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 477,489   $ 
 35,248  
 69,479  
 13,256  
 10,013  
 605,485   $ 

 427,428 
 22,338 
 21,912 
 13,928 
 8,164 
 493,770 

Gross  written  premiums  increased  $111.7 million,  or  22.6%,  to  $605.5 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016, 
compared  with  $493.8 million  for  the  same  period  last  year.  The  increase  predominantly  reflects  market  share  growth  in  our 
homeowners’ and personal automobile lines of business. Homeowners’ gross written premiums increased $63.0 million, or 14.0%, to 
$512.7 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  compared  with  $449.8 million  for  the  same  twelve-month  period  last  year. 
Gross written premiums for our personal automobile line of business increased by $47.6 million to $69.5 million in 2016, compared to 
$21.9 million in the prior year period. This increase is also reflected in in the increase in our homeowners’ in-force policy count to 
279,109 as of December 31, 2016, compared with 254,105 as of December 31, 2015.  These increases reflect management’s strategy 
to continue to grow market share in Florida as well as expand operations outside of Florida with the growth in our personal automobile 
line of business. With the expansion into areas outside of Florida, we are able to continue to leverage our personnel and, at the same 
time, diversify our insurance risk. 

Gross Premiums Earned 

The following table represents the gross premiums earned breakout for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: 

Gross premiums earned: 
Homeowners Florida 
Homeowners non-Florida 
Personal automobile 
Commercial general liability 
Federal flood 

Total gross premiums earned 

Year Ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 455,252   $ 
 29,101  
 58,312  
 13,675  
 9,083  
 565,423   $ 

 381,027 
 15,799 
 14,108 
 13,542 
 7,758 
 432,234 

Gross  premiums  earned  increased  $133.2 million,  or  30.8%,  to  $565.4 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016, 

compared with $432.2 million for the same period last year. 

Ceded Premiums Earned 

Ceded  premiums  earned  increased  by  $83.3  million,  or  37.5%,  to  $305.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016, 
compared with $222.2 million in the same period last year.  This increase is driven by the additional excess-of-loss reinsurance costs 
recorded  in  2016  as  compared  to  2015  related  to  the  homeowners’  premium  growth.   Additionally,  we  recorded  increased  ceded 
premiums related to the premium growth in personal automobile in 2016, which is generally ceded at 75% to 80% through a quota 
share agreement.  These increases were offset by lower ceded premiums in 2016 as compared to 2015 due to the expiration of the 30% 
Florida only property quota share treaty, which ended on July 1, 2016.  

Net Investment Income 

Net  investment  income  increased  $1.8  million,  or  25.4%,  to  $9.1  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016, 
compared with $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2015.  This increase is mainly due to a year-over-year overall growth 
of our investment portfolio, specifically growth in the debt securities investments. Our debt securities investment yields, net, remained 
steady year over year at 2.3% for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

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Net Realized Investment Gains 

Net realized investment gains totaled $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared with $3.6 million for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2015.  From  time  to  time,  our  portfolio  managers,  under  our  control,  move  out  of  positions  due  to  both 
macro and  micro conditions;  these  movements  generate  both realized  gains and losses.  The slight decrease is due to  less  favorable 
market conditions for the year ended December 2016, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Direct Written Policy Fees 

Direct  written  policy  fees  increased  by  $6.5  million,  or  57.6%,  to  $17.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016, 
compared with $11.2 million in 2016. The increase in direct written policy fees is correlated to the increase in gross written premiums 
in our homeowners and personal automobile lines of business compared to the prior year. These fees are generated when the Company 
writes a policy and the fee varies from state to state and by line of business. Policy fees generated by the managing general agent are 
earned  by  the  Company.  All  other  policy  fees  are  collected  by  us  and  passed  through  to  the  general  agent  as  acquisition  costs  and 
recognized in commission and other underwriting expenses. 

Other Income 

Other income increased $8.9 million, or 50.0%, to $26.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared with $17.8 

million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The following table represents the other income detail: 

Other income: 

Commission income 
Brokerage revenue 
Quota-share profit sharing 
Finance revenue 
Total other income 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
  % Change   
(Dollars in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

  $ 

  $ 

 17,229  
 7,301  
 -  
 2,144  
 26,674  

 120.6%  $ 
 46.6%   
 (100.0)%   
 11.9%   
 50.0%  $ 

 7,811 
 4,979 
 3,077 
 1,916 
 17,783 

The increase in commission income is primarily a result of the premium growth in personal automobile, which has increased 
the ceded commissions and the fees we receive for managing that  business. These fees are received by FNIC and passed through to 
FNU  for  its  services  as  a  managing  general  agent.  The  commission  income  from  personal  automobile  is  designed  to  offset  the 
commission and other acquisition costs incurred when the Company writes the policies, which are recognized in the commissions and 
other underwriting expenses account. 

The increase in brokerage revenue is driven by the increase in our homeowners reinsurance program, the type of reinsurance 

purchased, and the commissions paid on these reinsurance agreements in calendar year 2016 as compared to calendar year 2015. 

The decrease in quota-share profit sharing is the result of our re-evaluation, effective September 30, 2015, of the accounting 
treatment for the quota-share reinsurance contracts with retrospective rating provisions. At that time, we eliminated recording of future 
estimated quota-share profits in one line, ("Quota-share profit sharing"), on the consolidated statement of operations. 

Expenses 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses 

Losses and LAE increased $83.0 million, or 79.5%, to $187.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared with 
$104.4 million for the same twelve-month period last year. The increase in losses and LAE is driven by $40.0 million of losses due to 
increased earned premiums in our homeowners and personal automobile lines of business, $33.3 million incurred in catastrophe losses 
resulting from a series of tornados and severe  weather events that impacted the  state of Florida and South Carolina  (i.e., Hurricane 
Matthew,  Hurricane  Hermine,  Tropical  Storm  Colin),  and  $16.0  million  of  losses  related  to  increasing  our  Florida  homeowners’ 
attritional loss ratio throughout 2016. Additionally, losses and LAE were impacted by unfavorable development of $11.0 million for 
the  2015  accident  year  in  our  homeowners’  coverage  in  the  state  of  Florida  as  a  result  of  assignment  of  benefits  and  other  related 
adjusting expenses. The factors listed above were offset by ceded losses pertaining to the property quota-share treaty.  

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As of December 31, 2016, the Company recorded $158.1 million in losses and LAE expense reserves for all lines of business, 
which includes $99.2 million in incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”) reserves. As of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded 
$97.3 million in losses and LAE expense reserves for all lines of business, which includes $51.1 million in IBNR reserves. 

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses 

The following table represents the commissions and other underwriting expenses breakout for the years ended December 31, 

2016 and 2015: 

Commissions and other underwriting expenses: 

Homeowners Florida 
All others 
Ceded commissions 

Total commissions and other fees 

Salaries and wages 
Other underwriting expenses 

Commissions and other underwriting expenses 

Year Ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 61,319   $ 
 23,742  
 (27,705)  
 57,356  
 22,387  
 29,033  
 108,776   $ 

 41,033 
 14,739 
 (32,828) 
 22,944 
 17,934 
 23,990 
 64,868 

Commissions  and  other  underwriting  expenses  increased  $43.9  million,  or  67.7%,  to  $108.8  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016, compared with $64.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $43.9 million increase is related to the 
premium  growth  in  our  homeowners’  and  personal  automobile  lines  of  business;  with  personal  automobile  and  homeowners’  non-
Florida lines of business carrying higher acquisition costs  as a result of our different distribution  models  we employ to  market our 
insurance  products. Although  personal  automobile  quota-share  treaties  cede  75%  to  90%  of  all  premiums,  the  full  expense  for 
commissions  and  other  acquisition  costs  are  recognized  in  this  line  item,  which  partially  offsets  the  related  commission  income 
recorded within the other income line in the statements of operations.   

General and Administrative Expenses 

General  and  administrative  expenses  increased  $2.0  million,  or  12.9%,  to  $17.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2016,  compared  with  $15.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.    The  increase  primarily  reflects  expenses  incurred  of 
$1.9 million in connection with the resignation of the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer during the second quarter of 2016. 

Income Taxes 

Income taxes decreased $22.1 million, or 89.2%, to an income tax expense of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016, compared with an income tax expense of $24.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The change was primarily due to 
a decrease in taxable income. Additionally, in 2016, the Company recorded  $2.2 million of additional tax expense related to a prior 
year adjustment impacting deferred taxes. 

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Operating Results Overview - Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2014 

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders 
or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 

The following table reports our audited results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 

Revenue: 

Gross premiums written 
Increase in unearned premiums 
Gross premiums earned 
Ceded premiums earned 
Net premiums earned 
Net investment income 
Net realized investment gains 
Direct written policy fees 
Other income 
Total revenue 

Expenses: 

Losses and LAE 
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 
General and administrative expenses 
Interest expense 

Total costs and expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income taxes 

Net income 

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net income attributable to FNHC 

Ratios to net premiums earned: 

Net loss ratio (1) 
Net expense ratio (2) 
Net combined ratio (3) 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
  % Change   
(Dollars in thousands) 

2015 

 30.9%  $ 
 (4.0)%   
 38.1%   
 56.3%   
 22.9%   
 34.2%   
 (18.3)%   
 29.5%   
 57.6%   
 24.5%   

 28.8%   
 24.6%   
 48.2%   
 100.0%   
 28.8%   

 13.8%   
 23.1%   
 8.7%   
 (100.0)%   
 9.9%  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 493,770  
 (61,536)  
 432,234  
 (222,214)  
 210,020  
 7,226  
 3,616  
 11,248  
 17,783  
 249,893  

 104,353  
 64,868  
 15,223  
 256  
 184,700  

 65,193  
 24,753  
 40,440  
 (445)  
 40,885  

49.7%  
38.1%  
87.9%  

2014 

 377,156 
 (64,081) 
 313,075 
 (142,170) 
 170,905 
 5,385 
 4,426 
 8,689 
 11,287 
 200,692 

 81,036 
 52,077 
 10,272 
 - 
 143,385 

 57,307 
 20,108 
 37,199 
 - 
 37,199 

47.4% 
36.5% 
83.9% 

(1)  The net loss ratio is calculated as losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned. 
(2)  The net expense ratio is calculated as all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned. 
(3)  The net combined ratio is calculated as the sum of losses and LAE and all operating expenses less interest expense 

divided by net premiums earned. 

Revenue 

Total  revenue  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  of  $249.9 million  increased  $49.2 million,  or  24.5%,  compared  to 

revenue of $200.7 million in 2014. 

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Gross Premiums Written 

The following table represents the gross premiums written breakout for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 

Gross premiums written: 
Homeowners Florida 
Homeowners non-Florida 
Personal automobile 
Commercial general liability 
Federal flood 

Total gross premiums written 

Year Ended December 31, 

2015 

2014 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 427,428   $ 
 22,338  
 21,912  
 13,928  
 8,164  
 493,770   $ 

 335,338 
 9,600 
 12,376 
 12,432 
 7,410 
 377,156 

Gross  premiums  written  increased  $116.6 million,  or  30.9%,  to  $493.8 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015, 
compared  with  $377.2 million  for  the  same  period  in  2014.  The  increase  predominantly  reflects  market  share  growth  in  our 
homeowners’ and personal automobile lines of business. Homeowners’ gross premiums written increased $104.8 million, or 30.4%, to 
$449.8 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015,  compared  with  $344.9 million  in  2014.  Gross  premiums  written  for  the 
personal  automobile  line  of  business  increased  by  $9.5 million  to  $21.9 million  in  2016,  compared  to  $12.4 million  in  2014. 
Additionally,  this  increase  reflects  an  increase  in  our  homeowners’  in-force  policy  count  to  254,105  as  of  December  31,  2015, 
compared with 182,557 as of December 31, 2014.   

Gross Premiums Earned 

The following table represents the gross premiums earned breakout for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: 

Gross premiums earned: 
Homeowners Florida 
Homeowners non-Florida 
Personal automobile 
Commercial general liability 
Federal flood 

Total gross premiums earned 

Year Ended December 31, 

2015 

2014 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 381,027   $ 
 15,799  
 14,108  
 13,542  
 7,758  
 432,234   $ 

 279,514 
 4,052 
 11,617 
 11,245 
 6,648 
 313,075 

Gross  premiums  earned  increased  $119.2 million,  or  38.1%,  to  $432.2 million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015, 

compared with $313.1 million for the same period in 2014. 

Ceded Premiums Earned 

Ceded  premiums  earned  increased  by  $80.0  million,  or  56.3%,  to  $222.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015, 
compared  with  $142.2  million  in  the  same  twelve-month  period  last  year.  This  increase  is  driven  by  the  additional  excess-of-loss 
reinsurance  costs  recorded  in  2015  as  compared  to  2014  related  to  the  homeowners’  premium  growth. Additionally,  we  recorded 
higher ceded premiums in 2015 as compared to 2014 as the 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty was in place for a full year 
in  2015  as  compared  to  only  6  months  in  2014  as  well  as  having  the  10%  Florida-only  property  quota  share  treaty  in  place  for  6 
months in 2015. 

Net Investment Income 

Net  investment  income  increased  $1.8  million,  or  34.2%,  to  $7.2  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015, 
compared with $5.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.  This increase is mainly due to a year-over-year overall growth 
of our investment portfolio and a decrease in our debt securities investment yields. Our investment yield, net was 2.3% and 2.7%, for 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

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Net Realized Investment Gains 

Net realized investment gains were $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with $4.4 million for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2014.  From  time  to  time,  our  portfolio  managers,  under  our  control,  move  out  of  positions  due  to  both 
macro and micro conditions; these movements generate both realized gains and losses. 

Direct Written Policy Fees 

Direct  written  policy  fees  increased  by  $2.6  million,  or  29.5%,  to  $11.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015, 
compared with $8.7 million in 2014. The increase in direct written policy fees is correlated to the increase in gross written premiums 
in our homeowners and personal automobile lines of business compared to the prior year. These fees are generated when the Company 
writes a policy and the fee varies from state to state and by line of business. Policy fees generated by the managing general agent are 
earned  by  the  Company.  All  other  policy  fees  are  collected  by  us  and  passed  through  to  the  general  agent  as  acquisition  costs  and 
recognized in commission and other underwriting expenses.  

Other Income 

Other income increased $6.5 million, or 57.6%, to $17.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with $11.3 

million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The following table represents the other income detail: 

Other income: 

Commission income 
Brokerage revenue 
Quota-share profit sharing 
Finance revenue 
Total other income 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
  % Change   
(Dollars in thousands) 

2015 

2014 

  $ 

  $ 

 7,811  
 4,979  
 3,077  
 1,916  
 17,783  

 72.9%  $ 
 98.1%   
 10.2%   
 30.8%   
 57.6%  $ 

 4,517 
 2,513 
 2,792 
 1,465 
 11,287 

The increase in commission income is primarily a result of the premium growth in personal automobile, which has increased 
the ceded commissions and the fees we receive for managing that  business. These fees are received by FNIC and passed through to 
FNU  for  its  services  as  a  managing  general  agent.  The  commission  income  from  personal  automobile  is  designed  to  offset  the 
commission and other acquisition costs incurred when the Company writes the policies, which are recognized in the commissions and 
other underwriting expenses account. 

The increase in brokerage revenue is driven by the increase in our homeowners reinsurance program, the type of reinsurance 

purchased, and the commissions paid on these reinsurance agreements in calendar year 2015 as compared to calendar year 2014. 

Expenses 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses 

Losses and LAE increased $23.3 million, or 28.8%, to $104.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, compared 
with $81.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase to losses and LAE is directly related to an increase in net 
premiums earned and an increase in our net loss ratio year over year. Our net loss ratio for 2015 was 49.7% compared with  47.4% for 
the  same  period  in  2014.  The  increase  in  the  ratio  is  the  result  of  increasing  our  Florida  homeowners’  attritional  loss  ratio  due  to 
assignment of benefits and the temporary discontinuation of the underwriting analytics.  The underwriting analytics were not used for 
several  months in the second and third quarter of 2015, due  to our compliance  with a  cease and desist order from the Florida  OIR 
requiring  us  to  obtain  approval  of  these  analytics  without  prior  approval  from  them.  The  temporary  discontinuation  of  the 
underwriting analytics caused us to underwrite polices outside of our standard process. 

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Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses 

The  following  table  represents  commissions  and  other  underwriting  expenses  breakout  for  the  years  ended  December  31, 

2015 and 2014: 

Commissions and other underwriting expenses: 

Homeowners Florida 
All others 
Ceded commissions 

Total commissions and other fees 

Salaries and wages 
Other underwriting expenses 

Commissions and other underwriting expenses 

Year Ended December 31, 

2015 

2014 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 41,033   $ 
 14,739  
 (32,828)  
 22,944  
 17,934  
 23,990  
 64,868   $ 

 27,983 
 11,802 
 (12,310) 
 27,475 
 11,125 
 13,477 
 52,077 

Commissions  and  other  underwriting  expenses  increased  $12.8  million,  or  24.6%,  to  $64.9  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015, compared with $52.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  Our net expense ratio for 2015 was 38.1% 
compared with 36.5% for the same period in 2014.  The increase is directly related to the significant increase in net premiums written 
and earned during the same period offset by an increase in ceded commissions from the 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty, 
which was in place for a full year in 2015 as compared to only 6 months in 2014 as well as the 10% Florida-only property quota share 
treaty, which was in place for 6 months in 2015. 

General and Administrative Expenses 

General  and  administrative  expenses  increased  $5.0  million,  or  48.2%,  to  $15.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2015, compared with $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The change is due to an increase in salaries and benefits, 
including share-based compensation, legal and professional fees, including $0.9 million of start-up costs related to the organization of 
Monarch Delaware.  Professional fees include audit, tax and actuarial fees. The increased costs are in support of the significant growth 
in our gross and net premiums written in 2015 as compared to 2014. 

Income Taxes 

Income taxes increased $4.7 million, or 23.1%, to $24.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with $20.1 
million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The change was due to an increase in taxable income and an increase in our effective 
tax rate.  Our effective tax rate was 38.0% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with 35.1% for the year ended December 
31,  2014.  The  increase  in  the  effective  tax  rate  is  the  result  of  having  less  permanent  items  and  true  up  adjustments  in  2015  as 
compared to 2014. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

Our primary sources of funds are net premiums, investment income, commissions and fee income.  Our primary uses of funds 
are the payment of claims and operating expenses.  As of December 31, 2016, we had $74.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and 
$409.7 million in investments. As of December 31, 2015, we  had $53.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $384.3 million in 
investments. 

Operating Activities 

Net  cash provided by operating activities  for the  year ended December 31, 2016  was $69.8 million, compared to net cash 
provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 of $52.9 million.  This increase was primarily as a result of the 
decrease in the prepaid reinsurance premium account and increase loss and LAE expense reserves in  2016, partly offset by decreases 
in reinsurance recoverables, unearned premiums, and deferred acquisition costs. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 was $52.9 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 
2014 of $63.1 million.  This decrease was primarily as a result a decrease in prepaid reinsurance premium account. 

Investing Activities 

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $33.2 million, compared to net cash used in 
investing  activities  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  of  $63.6  million. This  decrease  was  the  result  of  less  net  purchases  of 

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investment securities as compared to prior year. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $63.6 
million, compared to net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $107.9 million.  This decrease was 
the result of less net purchases, maturities and redemptions of investment securities as compared to prior year. 

Financing Activities 

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $15.0 million, compared to net cash provided 
by  financing  activities  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  of  $23.6  million. This  decrease  was  primarily  due  to  $18.7  million 
related to the noncontrolling interest equity investment and $5.0 million related to the issuance of debt in our consolidated VIE during 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  and  $11.3  million  of  common  stock  repurchases  and  dividends  paid  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $23.6 million, compared to 
net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $43.5 million.  This decrease was primarily due to 
$43.1 million related to issuance of common stock in public offering during the year ended December 31, 2014 offset by $18.7 million 
related to the noncontrolling interest equity investment and $5.0 million related to the issuance of debt in our consolidated VIE during 
the year ended December 31, 2015. 

We believe that existing cash and investment balances, when combined with anticipated cash flows as noted above, will be 
adequate  to  meet  our  expected  liquidity  needs  in  both  the  short-term  and  the  reasonably  foreseeable  future. We  currently  expect  to 
continue declaring  and  paying dividends  at  comparable  levels,  subject  to  our  future  liquidity  needs  and  reserve  requirements.  The 
Company also considers various opportunities, including common stock repurchases, to deploy its excess capital. Any future growth 
strategy  may  require  external  financing,  and  we  may  from  time  to  time  seek  to  obtain  external  financing.  We  cannot  assure  that 
additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, or that any such financing would not negatively 
impact our results of operations. 

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices 

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which 
requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the 
relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Our primary assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, 
interest  rates  have  a  more  significant  impact  on  performance  than  the  effects  of  general  levels  of  inflation.  Interest  rates  do  not 
necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the inflationary effect on the cost of paying losses and LAE.  

Insurance premiums are established before  we  know the  amount of losses and LAE and the extent  to  which inflation  may 
affect such expenses.  Consequently,  we attempt to anticipate the  future impact of inflation  when establishing rate  levels. While  we 
attempt to charge adequate premiums, we may be limited in raising premium levels for competitive and regulatory reasons. Inflation 
may  also  affect  the  market  value  of  our  investment  portfolio  and  the  investment  rate  of  return.  Any  future  economic  changes  that 
result  in  prolonged  and  increasing  levels  of  inflation  could  cause  increases  in  the  dollar  amount  of  incurred  losses  and  LAE  and 
thereby materially adversely affect future liability requirements. 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

A  summary  of  long-term  contractual  obligations  as  of  December  31,  2016  follows  (in  thousands).  The  amounts  represent 

estimates of gross undiscounted amounts payable over time. 

Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (1) 
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity 
Operating leases 
Other liabilities 
Total 

Total 
 158,110   $ 
 5,000  
 4,057  
 120  
 167,287   $ 

  $ 

  $ 

Payments Due By Period 

Less 
than 
1 Year 

1 - 3 
Years 

3 - 5 
Years 

More 
than 
5 Years 

 93,854   $ 
 —  
 644  
 120  
 94,618   $ 

 55,196   $ 
 —  
 1,996  
 —  
 57,192   $ 

 7,654   $ 
 5,000  
 1,417  
 —  
 14,071   $ 

 1,406 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 1,406 

(1)  Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves do not have contractual maturity dates; however, based on historical payment 
patterns, the amount presented is our estimate of the expected timing of these payments.  The timing of payments is 
subject to significant uncertainty.  We maintain a portfolio of marketable investments with varying maturities and a 
substantial amount of cash and cash equivalents intended to provide adequate cash flows for such payments. 

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events 
and  their  effects  cannot  be  determined  with  absolute  certainty.  Therefore,  the  determination  of  estimates  requires  the  exercise  of 
judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. 

We  believe  our  most critical  accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements are: (i) fair  value 
measurements of our investments, (ii) accounting for investments, (iii) premium and unearned premium calculation, (iv) reinsurance 
contracts,  (v)  the  amount  and  recoverability  of  Deferred  Acquisition  Costs  (“DAC”),  (vi)  reserve  for  loss  and  losses  adjustment 
expenses and (vii) income taxes.  The  accounting estimates that result require the use of assumptions about certain  matters that are 
highly uncertain at the time of estimation.  To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our financial condition, 
results of operations, and cash flows would be affected. 

FAIR VALUE 

The fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants in 
the principal market or in the most advantageous market when no principal market exists.  Adjustments to transaction prices or quoted 
market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.  Alternative valuation techniques may 
be appropriate under the circumstances to determine the value that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an 
orderly transaction.  Market participants are assumed to be independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and 
not  acting  under  duress.   Our  nonperformance  or  credit  risk  is  considered  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  liabilities.   Considerable 
judgment may be required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value.  Accordingly, estimates of fair value 
presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange. 

INVESTMENTS 

Investments consist of debt and equity securities.  Debt securities consist of securities with an initial fixed maturity of more 
than  one  year,  which  include  corporate  bonds,  municipal  bonds  and  United  States  government  bonds.   Equity  securities  generally 
consist  of  securities  that  represent  ownership  interests  in  an  enterprise.   The  Company  determines  the  appropriate  classification  of 
investments in debt and equity securities at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classification at each balance sheet date. 

Held-to-maturity  investments  are  recorded  at  the  amortized  cost,  reflecting  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  the  securities  to 
maturity.  All other securities were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value.  Unrealized gains and losses during the 
year,  net  of  the  related  tax  effect  applicable  to  available-for-sale,  are  excluded  from  income  and  reflected  in  other  comprehensive 
income, and the cumulative effect is reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized.  If a decline in fair value 
is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair value and the amount of the write-down is recorded as 
an  other-than-temporary  impairment  (“OTTI”)  loss  on  the  statement  of  income.   In  addition,  any  portion  of  such  decline  related  to 
debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than credit is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather 
than against income. 

Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. 

Net investment income consists primarily of interest income from debt securities, cash and cash equivalents, including any 

premium amortization or discount accretion and dividend income from equity securities; less expenses related to investments. 

PREMIUMS AND UNEARNED PREMIUMS 

Premiums  are  recognized  as  revenue  on  a  pro-rata  basis  over  the  term  of  an  insurance  policy.   Assumed  reinsurance 
premiums  written  and  earned  are  based  on  reports  received  from  ceding  companies  for  pro-rata  treaty  contracts  and  are  generally 
recorded as written based on contract terms for excess-of-loss and quota share contracts.  Premiums are earned ratably over the terms 
of the related coverage. 

Unearned  premiums  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  represent  the  portion  of  gross  premiums  written  and  ceded  premiums 

written, respectively, relating to the unexpired terms of such coverage. 

Premium receivable balances are reported net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible premium amounts.  Such allowance 
is based upon an ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length of collection periods, the creditworthiness of the insured and other 
relevant factors.  Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance. 

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REINSURANCE 

Reinsurance  is  used  to  mitigate  the  exposure  to  losses,  manage  capacity  and  protect  capital  resources.   Reinsuring  loss 
exposures  does  not  relieve  a  ceding  entity  from  its  obligations  to  policyholders  and  cedants.   Reinsurance  recoverables  (including 
amounts related to claims incurred but not reported) and ceded unearned premiums are reported as assets.  To minimize exposure to 
losses  from  a  reinsurer’s  inability  to  pay,  the  financial  condition  of  such  reinsurer  is  evaluated  initially  upon  placement  of  the 
reinsurance  and  periodically  thereafter.   In  addition  to  considering  the  financial  condition  of  the  reinsurer,  the  collectability  of  the 
reinsurance  recoverables  is  evaluated  (and  where  appropriate,  whether  an  allowance  for  estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance 
recoverables  is  to  be  established)  based  upon  a  number  of  other  factors.   Such  factors  include  the  amounts  outstanding,  length  of 
collection  periods,  disputes,  any  collateral  or  letters  of  credit  held  and  other  relevant  factors.   To  the  extent  that  an  allowance  for 
uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverable  is  established,  amounts  deemed  to  be  uncollectible  are  written  off  against  the  allowance  for 
estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables.   The  Company  currently  has  no  allowances  for  uncollectible  reinsurance 
recoverables. 

Ceded  premiums  written  are  recorded  in  accordance  with  applicable  terms  of  the  various  reinsurance  contracts  and  ceded 
premiums  earned  are  charged  against  revenue  over  the  period  of  the  various  reinsurance  contracts.   This  also  generally  applies  to 
reinstatement premiums paid to a reinsurer, which arise when contractually-specified ceded loss triggers have been breached.  Ceded 
commissions  reduce  commissions,  brokerage  and  other  underwriting  expenses  and  ceded  losses  incurred  reduce  net  loss  and  loss 
adjustment expense incurred over the applicable periods of the various reinsurance contracts with third party reinsurers.  If premiums 
or commissions are subject to adjustment (for example, retrospectively-rated or experience-rated), the estimated ultimate premium or 
commission is recognized over the period of the contract. 

Amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  are  estimated  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  claim  liability  associated  with  the 

reinsured business and consistent with the terms of the underlying reinsurance contract. 

DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS (“DAC”) 

DAC represent those costs that are incremental and directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal of existing 
insurance contracts.  The Company defers incremental costs that result directly from, and are essential to, the acquisition or renewal of 
an insurance contract.  Such DAC  generally include agent or broker commissions, premium  taxes,  medical and inspection fees  that 
would not have been incurred if the insurance contract had not been acquired or renewed.  Each cost is analyzed to assess whether it is 
fully deferrable. 

The Company also defers a portion of the employee total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly related to 
time spent performing specific acquisition or renewal activities, including costs associated with the time spent on underwriting, policy 
issuance and processing, and sales force contract selling. 

The acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums written are earned, generally 
12  months.   It  is  grouped  consistent  with  the  manner  in  which  the  insurance  contracts  are  acquired,  serviced  and  measured  for 
profitability and is reviewed for recoverability based on the profitability of the underlying insurance contracts.  Investment income is 
anticipated  in  assessing  the  recoverability  of  DAC.   The  Company  assesses  the  recoverability  of  DAC  on  an  annual  basis  or  more 
frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. 

LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (“LAE”) 

Overview 

The estimation of the liability for unpaid loss and LAE is inherently difficult and subjective, especially in view of changing 
legal and economic environments that impact the development of loss reserves, and therefore, quantitative techniques frequently have 
to  be  supplemented  by  subjective  considerations  and  managerial  judgment.  In  addition,  trends  that  have  affected  development  of 
liabilities in the past may not necessarily occur or affect liability development to the same degree in the future. 

Each of our insurance companies establishes reserves on its balance sheet for unpaid loss and LAE related to its property and 
casualty insurance and related reinsurance contracts. As of any balance sheet date, there are claims that have not yet been reported, 
and some claims may not be reported for many years after the date a loss occurs. As a result of this historical pattern, the liability for 
unpaid  loss  and  LAE  includes  significant  estimates  for  IBNR  claims.  Additionally,  reported  claims  are  in  various  stages  of  the 
settlement process. Each claim is settled individually based upon its merits, and certain claims may take years to settle, especially if 
legal action is involved. As a result, the liabilities for unpaid loss and LAE include significant judgments, assumptions and estimates 
made  by  management  relating  to  the  actual  ultimate  losses  that  will  arise  from  the  claims.  Due  to  the  inherent  uncertainties  in  the 
process of establishing these liabilities, the actual ultimate loss from a claim is likely to differ, perhaps materially, from the liability 
initially recorded. 

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As noted above, as of any balance sheet date, not all claims that have occurred have been reported to us, and if reported may 
not have been settled. The time period between the occurrence of a loss and the time it is settled is referred to as the “claim tail.” In 
general, actuarial judgments for shorter-tailed lines of business generally have much less of an effect on the determination of the loss 
reserve amount than when those same judgments are made regarding longer-tailed lines of business. Reported losses for the shorter-
tailed classes, such as property and certain marine, aviation and energy classes, generally reach the ultimate level of incurred losses in 
a relatively short period of time. Rather than having to rely on actuarial assumptions for many accident years, these assumptions are 
generally only relevant for the more recent accident years. 

The process of recording quarterly and annual liabilities for unpaid loss and LAE for short-tail lines is primarily focused on 
maintaining an appropriate reserve level for reported claims and IBNR. Specifically, we assess the reserve adequacy of IBNR in  light 
of such factors as the current levels of reserves for reported claims and expectations with respect to reporting lags, catastrophe events, 
historical data, legal developments, and economic conditions, including the effects of inflation. 

Standard  actuarial  methodologies  employed  to  estimate  ultimate  losses  incorporate  the  inherent  lag  from  the  time  claims 
occur to when they are reported to an insurer and, if applicable, to when an insurer reports the claims to a reinsurer. Certain actuarial 
methodologies  may  be  more  appropriate  than  others  in  instances  where  this  lag  may  not  be  consistent  from  period  to  period. 
Consequently, additional actuarial judgment is employed in the selection of methodologies to best incorporate the potential impact of 
this situation. 

Our  insurance  companies  provide  coverage  on  both  a  claims-made  and  occurrence  basis.  Claims-made  policies  generally 
require  that  claims  occur  and  be  reported  during  the  coverage  period  of  the  policy.  Occurrence  policies  allow  claims  which  occur 
during a policy’s coverage period to be reported after the coverage period, and as a result, these claims can have a very long claim tail, 
occasionally extending for decades. Casualty claims can have a very long claim tail, in certain situations extending for many years. In 
addition, casualty claims are more susceptible to litigation and the legal environment and can be significantly affected by changing 
contract  interpretations,  all  of  which  contribute  to  extending  the  claim  tail.  For  long-tail  casualty  lines  of  business,  estimating  the 
ultimate  liabilities  for unpaid loss and LAE is a  more  complex process and depends on a number of factors, including the line and 
volume  of  the  business  involved.  For  these  reasons,  our  insurance  companies  will  generally  use  actuarial  projections  in  setting 
reserves for all casualty lines of business. 

In conformity with GAAP, our insurance companies are not permitted to establish reserves for catastrophe losses that have 
not occurred. Therefore, losses related to a significant catastrophe, or accumulation of catastrophes, in any reporting period could have 
a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition during that period. 

We believe that the reserves for unpaid loss and LAE established by our insurance companies are adequate as of December 
31, 2016; however, additional reserves,  which could  have  a  material impact  upon our  financial condition, results of operations and 
cash flows, may be necessary in the future. 

Methodologies and Assumptions 

Our  insurance  companies  use  a  variety  of  techniques  that  employ  significant  judgments  and  assumptions  to  establish  the 
liabilities  for unpaid loss and LAE recorded at the  balance sheet date. These techniques include detailed statistical analyses of past 
claims  reporting,  settlement  activity,  claims  frequency,  internal  loss  experience,  changes  in  pricing  or  coverages  and  severity  data 
when sufficient information exists to lend statistical credibility to the analyses. More subjective techniques are used when statistical 
data is insufficient or unavailable. These liabilities also reflect implicit or explicit assumptions regarding the potential effects of future 
inflation, judicial decisions, changes in laws and recent trends in such factors, as well as a number of actuarial assumptions that vary 
across  our  reinsurance  and  insurance  subsidiaries  and  across  lines  of  business.  This  data  is  analyzed  by  line  of  business,  coverage, 
accident year or underwriting year and reinsurance contract type, as appropriate. 

Our loss reserve review processes use actuarial methods that vary by operating subsidiary and line of business and produce 

point estimates for each class of business. The actuarial methods used include the following methods: 

  Reported  Loss  Development  Method:  a  reported  loss  development  pattern  is  calculated  based  on  historical  loss 
development  data,  and  this  pattern  is  then  used  to  project  the  latest  evaluation  of  cumulative  reported  losses  for  each 
accident year or underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

  Paid Development Method: a paid loss development pattern is calculated based on historical paid loss development data, 
and  this  pattern  is  then  used  to  project  the  latest  evaluation  of  cumulative  paid  losses  for  each  accident  year  or 
underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

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  Expected  Loss  Ratio  Method:  expected  loss  ratios  are  applied  to  premiums  earned,  based  on  historical  company 

experience, or historical insurance industry results when company experience is deemed not to be sufficient; and 

  Bornhuetter-Ferguson Method: the results from the Expected Loss Ratio Method are essentially blended with either the 

Reported Loss Development Method or the Paid Development Method. 

The primary actuarial assumptions used by insurance companies include the following: 

  Expected loss ratios represent management’s expectation of losses, in relation to earned premium, at the time business is 
written, before any actual claims experience has emerged. This expectation is a significant determinant of the estimate of 
loss reserves for recently written business where there is little paid or incurred loss data to consider. Expected loss ratios 
are  generally  derived  from  historical  loss  ratios  adjusted  for  the  impact  of  rate  changes,  loss  cost  trends  and  known 
changes  in  the  type  of  risks  underwritten.  For  certain  longer-tailed  reinsurance  business  that  are  typically  lower 
frequency,  high severity classes, expected loss ratios are  often used for the last several accident  years or underwriting 
years, as appropriate. 

  Rate of loss cost inflation (or deflation) represents management’s expectation of the inflation associated with the costs 
we may incur in the future to settle claims. Expected loss cost inflation is particularly important for longer-tailed classes 

  Reported  and  paid  loss  emergence  patterns  represent  management’s  expectation  of  how  losses  will  be  reported  and 
ultimately paid in the future based on the historical emergence patterns of reported and paid losses and are derived from 
past  experience  of  our  subsidiaries,  modified  for  current  trends.  These  emergence  patterns  are  used  to  project  current 
reported or paid loss amounts to their ultimate settlement value. 

In the absence of sufficiently credible internally-derived historical information, each of the above actuarial assumptions may 
also incorporate data from the insurance industries as a whole, or peer companies writing substantially similar coverages. Data from 
external sources may be used to set expectations, as well as assumptions regarding loss frequency or severity relative to an exposure 
unit  or  claim,  among  other  actuarial  parameters.  Assumptions  regarding  the  application  or  composition  of  peer  group  or  industry 
reserving parameters require substantial judgment. 

Loss Frequency and Severity 

Loss frequency and severity are measures of loss activity that are considered in determining the key assumptions described 
above. Loss frequency is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity is a measure of the average 
size of claims. Factors affecting loss frequency include the effectiveness of loss controls and safety programs and changes in economic 
conditions or weather patterns. Factors affecting loss severity include changes in policy limits, retentions, rate of inflation and judicial 
interpretations. Another factor affecting estimates of loss frequency and severity is the loss reporting lag, which is the period of time 
between the occurrence of a loss and the date  the loss is reported to our insurance companies. The length of  the loss reporting lag 
affects their ability to accurately predict loss frequency (loss frequencies are more predictable for lines with short reporting lags), as 
well as the amount of reserves needed for IBNR. If the actual level of loss frequency and severity is higher or lower than expected, the 
ultimate losses will be different than management’s estimates. 

Prior Year Development 

Our insurance companies continually evaluate the potential for changes, both favorable and unfavorable, in their estimates of 
their loss and LAE liabilities and use the results of these evaluations to adjust both recorded liabilities and underwriting criteria. With 
respect to liabilities for unpaid loss and LAE established in prior years, these liabilities are periodically analyzed and their expected 
ultimate  cost  adjusted,  where  necessary,  to  reflect  favorable  or  unfavorable  development  in  loss  experience  and  new  information, 
including,  for  certain  catastrophe  events,  revised  industry  estimates  of  the  magnitude  of  a  catastrophe.  Adjustments  to  previously 
recorded liabilities  for unpaid loss and  LAE, both  favorable and unfavorable, are reflected in our  financial results in  the periods in 
which these adjustments are made and are referred to as prior accident year reserve development. We adjusted our prior year loss and 
LAE reserve estimates during 2016, 2015 and 2014 based on current information that differed from previous assumptions made at the 
time such loss and LAE reserves were previously estimated. 

Refer to Notes 1 and 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and 

Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K for additional information on our loss and LAE. 

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INCOME TAXES 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the 
estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and 
liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss, capital loss and tax-credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities 
are  measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary  differences  are 
expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income or 
expense in the period that includes the enactment date. 

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 

Refer to Note 2,  “Summary of Significant  Accounting Policies  – Recent  Accounting Pronouncements” in  the  Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K for a 
discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on the Company. 

OFF BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS 

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no off balance sheet transactions. 

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ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK 

Our  investment  objective  is  to  maximize  total  rate  of  return  after  federal  income  taxes  while  maintaining  liquidity  and 
minimizing  risk.  Our  current  investment  policy  limits  investment  in  non-investment-grade  debt  securities  (including  high-yield 
bonds), and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We also comply with applicable 
laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In general, these laws and regulations 
permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate 
bonds, preferred and common equity securities and real estate mortgages. 

Our  investment  policy  is  established  by  the  Board of  Directors  Investment  Committee  and  is  reviewed  on  a  regular  basis. 
Pursuant to this investment policy, as of December 31, 2016, approximately 93% of investments were in debt securities and cash and 
cash  equivalents,  which  are  considered  to  be  either  held-to-maturity  or  available-for-sale,  based  upon  our  estimates  of  required 
liquidity. Approximately 99% of the debt securities are considered available-for-sale and are marked to market. We may in the future 
consider additional debt securities to be held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. We do not use any swaps, options, futures or 
forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio. 

The  following  table  provides  information  about  the  financial  instruments,  as  of  December  31,  2016,  that  is  sensitive  to 
changes in interest rates. The table presents principal cash flows and the related weighted average interest rate by expected maturity 
date based upon par values. 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

  Thereafter 

Total 

  Carrying 
Amount 

Principal amount by expected 
  maturity: 

United States government  
  obligations and authorities 

Obligations of states and  
  political subdivisions 
Corporate securities 
International securities 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 

Total investments 

  $ 

Weighted average interest rate by  
  expected maturity: 

United States government  
  obligations and authorities 

Obligations of states and  
  political subdivisions 
Corporate securities 
International securities 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 

Total investments 

$ 

 9,721    $ 

 6,509    $ 

 1,765    $ 

 4,921    $ 

 3,425    $ 

 14,600    $ 

 40,941    $ 

 40,553  

 21,600     
 15,677     
 1,300     
 3,071     
 51,369    $ 

 12,690     
 17,567     
 2,335     
 1,280     
 40,381    $ 

 22,825     
 14,573     
 406     
 955     
 40,524    $ 

 21,525     
 15,249     
 551     
 1,311     
 43,557    $ 

 10,520     
 20,888     
 1,469     
 4,809     
 41,111    $ 

 48,250     
 58,015     
 5,641     
 19,422     
 145,928    $ 

 137,410     
 141,969     
 11,702     
 30,848     
 362,870    $ 

 151,183  
 144,646  
 11,934  
 31,991  
 380,307  

0.83%    

0.76%    

1.90%    

0.46%    

1.24%    

1.54%    

1.11%  

4.53%    
3.59%    
3.00%    
4.38%    
3.49%    

5.00%    
3.74%    
3.77%    
2.48%    
3.62%    

4.99%    
3.47%    
7.38%    
3.03%    
4.29%    

4.93%    
3.56%    
3.31%    
3.34%    
3.88%    

4.87%    
3.29%    
2.98%    
4.09%    
3.61%    

4.92%    
3.69%    
4.08%    
3.69%    
3.90%    

4.88%  
3.59%    
3.84%    
3.73%    
3.82%    

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ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015  
Consolidated Statements of Operations For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  

PAGE 

41 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
49 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders  
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  subsidiaries  as  of 
December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of  operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' 
equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules 
listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our 
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audits. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those 
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of 
material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial 
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of 
Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the consolidated results of their operations 
and  their  cash  flows  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016  and  2015,  in  conformity  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements 
taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. 

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States), 
Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on 
criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 16, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 

Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 16, 2017 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and 
Stockholders of Federated National Holding Company 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Federated National Holding Company as of December 31, 2014 
and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of 
the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014. In connection with our audits of the financial statements, we have also 
audited  the  financial  statement  schedules  listed  in  the  accompanying  index.  We  also  have  audited  Federated  National  Holdings 
Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2014,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control—
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Federated 
National  Holdings  Company’s  management  is  responsible  for  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  for  maintaining  effective 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  for  its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting, 
included  in  the  accompanying  Item  9A  Controls  and  Procedures.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these  consolidated 
financial statements and an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those 
standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement  and  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all 
material  respects.  Our  audits  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  supporting  the 
amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles  used and significant estimates 
made  by  management,  and  evaluating  the  overall  consolidated  financial  statement  presentation.  Our  audit  of  internal  control  over 
financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material 
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our 
audits also included performing such other procedures as we  considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe  that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) 
pertain to the  maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the 
assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial 
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being 
made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  company’s  assets  that  could  have  a 
material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial 
position of Federated National Holding Company as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of its operations 
and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America.  Also  in  our  opinion,  Federated  National  Holdings  Company  maintained,  in  all 
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). 

/s/Goldstein Schechter Koch 
Fort Lauderdale, FL 
March 16, 2015, except for Schedule II dated March 14, 2016 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(In thousands, except share and per share data) 

Investments: 

ASSETS 

Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $376,644 and 

$338,021, respectively) 

Debt securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost 
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (cost of $24,163 and $33,581, respectively) 

Total investments (including $28,704 and $22,670 related to the VIE, respectively) 

Cash and cash equivalents (including $15,668 and $14,616 related to the VIE, respectively) 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 
Premiums receivable, net of allowance of  $55 and $302, respectively 

 (including $1,584 and $355 related to the VIE, respectively) 

Reinsurance recoverable, net 
Deferred acquisition costs 
Income taxes receivable 
Property and equipment, net 
Other assets (including $1,910 and $1,037 related to the VIE, respectively) 
TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

LIABILITIES: 
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves 
Unearned premiums 
Reinsurance payable 
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity 
Deferred income taxes, net 
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized 
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized; 

13,473,120 and 13,798,773 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 

Additional paid-in capital 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Retained earnings 

Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders 
equity 

Noncontrolling interest 

Total shareholders’ equity 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

  $ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

December 31, 

2016 

2015 

 374,756   $ 
 5,551  
 29,375  
 409,682  

 74,593  
 156,932  

 54,854  
 48,530  
 38,962  
 13,871  
 4,194  
 11,509  
 813,127   $ 

 158,110   $ 
 294,022  
 79,154  
 4,909  
 1,433  
 37,643  
 575,271  

 339,178 
 6,619 
 38,534 
 384,331 

 53,038 
 181,840 

 38,594 
 12,714 
 15,547 
 2,691 
 2,894 
 7,605 
 699,254 

 97,340 
 253,960 
 61,069 
 4,887 
 5,627 
 25,612 
 448,495 

 —  

 — 

 134  
 136,779  
 1,941  
 80,275  
 219,129  
 18,727  
 237,856  
 813,127   $ 

 138 
 131,998 
 3,985 
 96,461 
 232,582 
 18,177 
 250,759 
 699,254 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 
(In thousands, except per share data) 

Revenue: 

Net premiums earned 
Net investment income 
Net realized investment gains 
Direct written policy fees 
Other income 

Total revenue 

Costs and expenses: 

Losses and loss adjustment expenses 
Commissions and other underwriting expenses 
General and administrative expenses 
Interest expense 

Total costs and expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income taxes 

Net income 

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National 

 Holding Company shareholders 

Net (loss) income per share attributable to Federated National 

Holding Company shareholders: 
Basic 
Diluted 

Weighted average number of shares of common stock 

outstanding: 
Basic 
Diluted 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 

2016 

  $ 

 259,872   $ 
 9,063  
 3,045  
 17,730  
 26,674  
 316,384  

 210,020   $ 
 7,226  
 3,616  
 11,248  
 17,783  
 249,893  

 187,341  
 108,776  
 17,186  
 348  
 313,651  

 2,733  
 2,683  
 50  
 246  

 104,353  
 64,868  
 15,223  
 256  
 184,700  

 65,193  
 24,753  
 40,440  
 (445)  

2014 

 170,905 
 5,385 
 4,426 
 8,689 
 11,287 
 200,692 

 81,036 
 52,077 
 10,272 
 - 
 143,385 

 57,307 
 20,108 
 37,199 
 - 

  $ 

 (196)   $ 

 40,885   $ 

 37,199 

  $ 
  $ 

 (0.01)   $ 
 (0.01)   $ 

 2.98   $ 
 2.92   $ 

 3.08 
 2.99 

 13,758  
 13,758  

 13,729  
 13,997  

 12,082 
 12,438 

Dividends declared per share of common stock 

  $ 

 0.27   $ 

 0.18   $ 

 0.13 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
(In thousands) 

Net income 

Change in net unrealized (losses) gains on investments,  

available-for-sale 

Comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes 

Income tax benefit (expense)  related to items of other 

comprehensive income 
Comprehensive (loss) income 

Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to 

noncontrolling interest 

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Federated National 

Holding Company shareholders 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 

2014 

2016 

  $ 

 50 

 $ 

 40,440 

 $ 

 37,199 

 (2,786) 
 (2,736) 

 (6,308) 
 34,132 

 2,856 
 40,055 

 1,046 
 (1,690) 

 2,454 
 36,586 

 (1,102) 
 38,953 

 550 

 (566) 

 — 

  $ 

 (2,240) 

 $ 

 37,152 

 $ 

 38,953 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
(In thousands, except per share data) 

Common Stock 

  Preferred   
Stock 

Issued 
Shares 

  Amount 

  Additional    
Paid-in 
  Capital 

  Accumulated     
Other 

  Comprehensive    Retained 
  Earnings 

Income 

  Total Shareholders'     
  Equity Attributable to    
  Federated National     
  Holding Company 

  Noncontrolling   Shareholders' 

Shareholders 

Interest 

Equity 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2013 

  $ 

Net income 
Other comprehensive income  
Dividends  
Stock issued in public offering 
Shares issued under share- 

based compensation plans 
Tax benefits from share-based  

awards 

Share-based compensation 

Balance as of December 31, 2014 

Net income (loss) 
Other comprehensive income, 
Noncontrolling interest capital 

contributions 

Dividends  
Shares issued under share- 

based compensation plans 
Tax benefits from share-based  

awards 

Share-based compensation 

Balance as of December 31, 2015 

Net (loss) income 
Other comprehensive (loss) income 
Dividends 
Shares issued under share- 

based compensation plans 
Tax benefits from share-based  

awards 

Repurchases of common stock 
Share-based compensation 

Balance as of December 31, 2016 

  $ 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 10,901,716   $ 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 2,358,975  

 109   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 23  

 80,525   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 43,086  

 5,964   $ 
 —  
 1,754  
 —  
 —  

 21,896   $ 
 37,199  
 —  
 (1,672)  
 —  

 108,494   $ 
 37,199  
 1,754  
 (1,672)  
 43,109  

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 108,494 
 37,199 
 1,754 
 (1,672) 
 43,109 

 —  

 371,723  

 4  

 1,551  

 —  

 —  

 1,555  

 —  

 1,555 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 —  
 13,632,414  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 —  
 136  
 —  
 —  

 480    
 1,660  
 127,302  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 —  
 7,718  
 —  
 (3,733)  

 —    
 —  
 57,423  
 40,885  
 —  

 480    

 1,660  
 192,579  
 40,885  
 (3,733)  

 —  

 (1,847)  

 (1,847)  

 —  

 —  

 171  

 —  

 171 

 —  

 —  

 —  

 166,359  

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 —  

 13,798,773   $ 

 —    
 —    
 —    

 —  

 2  

 —    
 —  
 138   $ 
 —    
 —    
 —    

 —  

 169  

 1,564    
 2,963  
 131,998   $ 

 —    
 —    
 —    

 —    
 —  
 3,985   $ 
 —    
 (2,044)    
 —    

 —    
 —  
 96,461   $ 
 (196)    
 —    
 (4,677)    

 1,564    
 2,963  
 232,582   $ 
 (196)    
 (2,044)    
 (4,677)    

 —  

 299,165    

 —    

 361    

 —    

 —    

 361    

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 (624,818)    
 —    

 13,473,120   $ 

 —    
 (4)    
 —    
 134   $ 

 590    
 —    
 3,831    
 136,779   $ 

 —    
 —    
 —    
 1,941   $ 

 —    
 (11,313)    
 —    

 80,275   $ 

 590    
 (11,317)    
 3,831    
 219,129   $ 

 —    
 —  
 —  
 (445)  
 (121)  

 480 
 1,660 
 192,579 
 40,440 
 (3,854) 

 18,743  
 —  

 18,743 
 (1,847) 

 —    
 —  
 18,177   $ 
 246    
 304    
 —    

 —    

 —    
 —    
 —    

 18,727   $ 

 1,564 
 2,963 
 250,759 
 50 
 (1,740) 
 (4,677) 

 361 

 590 
 (11,317) 
 3,831 
 237,856 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(In thousands) 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 

2014 

2016 

 $ 

 50   $ 

 40,440   $ 

 37,199 

 (3,045)  
 5,346  
 869  
 4,420  

 24,908  
 (16,260)  
 (35,816)  
 (23,415)  
 (11,769)  
 60,770  
 40,062  
 18,085  
 (2,575)  
 8,120  
 69,750  

 (3,616)  
 5,645  
 624  
 4,527  

 (84,875)  
 (11,319)  
 (180)  
 (1,937)  
 (2,445)  
 19,010  
 61,535  
 18,606  
 6,741  
 135  
 52,891  

 (4,426) 
 4,165 
 149 
 2,140 

 (59,829) 
 (4,860) 
 (9,793) 
 3,098 
 (4,189) 
 17,315 
 64,081 
 12,918 
 765 
 4,411 
 63,144 

 311,109  
 (342,113)  
 (2,147)  
 (33,151)  

 169,979  
 (231,884)  
 (1,736)  
 (63,641)  

 87,151 
 (194,087) 
 (969) 
 (107,905) 

 —  
 —  
 589  
 —  
 (11,317)  
 361  
 (4,677)  
 (15,044)  
 21,555  
 53,038  
 74,593   $ 

 18,743  
 —  
 1,564  
 5,000  
 —  
 171  
 (1,847)  
 23,631  
 12,881  
 40,157  
 53,038   $ 

 — 
 43,109 
 480 
 — 
 — 
 1,555 
 (1,672) 
 43,472 
 (1,289) 
 41,446 
 40,157 

 $ 

Cash flow from operating activities: 

Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in)  
 operating activities: 

Net realized investment gains 
Amortization of investment premium or discount, net 
Depreciation and amortization 
Share-based compensation 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Prepaid reinsurance premiums 
Premiums receivable, net 
Reinsurance recoverable, net  
Deferred acquisition costs 
Income taxes receivable, net 
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves 
Unearned premiums 
Reinsurance payable 
Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive income  
Other, net 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities: 

Sales, maturities and redemptions of investment securities  
Purchases of investment securities 
Purchases of property and equipment 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities: 

Noncontrolling interest equity investment  
Issuance of common stock in public offering 
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation 
Issuance of debt in consolidated variable interest entity 
Purchases of FNHC common stock  
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards 
Dividends paid 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED) 
(In thousands) 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: 

Cash paid during the period for: 

Income taxes 

Non-cash investing and finance activities: 

Accrued dividends payable 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 

2014 

2016 

  $ 

 14,360   $ 

 15,662   $ 

 19,185 

  $ 

 1,115   $ 

 712   $ 

 564 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2016 

1. ORGANIZATION, CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

Organization 

Federated  National  Holding  Company,  (“FNHC,”  the  “Company,”  “we,”  or  “us”),  is  an  insurance  holding  company  that 
controls  substantially  all  steps  in  the  insurance  underwriting,  distribution  and  claims  processes  through  our  subsidiaries  and  our 
contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents. We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through our 
wholly  owned  subsidiaries,  homeowners’  multi-peril  (“homeowners’”),  personal  automobile,  commercial  general  liability,  federal 
flood,  and  other  lines  of  insurance  in  Florida  and  other  states.  We  market,  distribute  and  service  our  own  and  third-party  insurers’ 
products and our other services through a network of independent agents.  

Our  wholly  owned  insurance  subsidiary  is  Federated  National  Insurance  Company  (“FNIC”),  which  is  licensed  as  an 
admitted  carrier  in  Florida, Texas,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Louisiana  and  South  Carolina.  We  also  serve  as  managing  general  agent  for 
Monarch  National  Insurance  Company  (“MNIC”),  which  was  founded  in  2015  through  the  joint  venture,  described  below,  and  is 
licensed  as  an  admitted  carrier  in  Florida.  An  admitted  carrier  is  an  insurance  company  that  has  received  a  license  from  the  state 
department of insurance giving the Company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are also 
bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, 
including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses 
if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due to their policyholders.  

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to 
write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the “Florida OIR”). 
The  Company’s  joint  venture  partners  are  a  majority-owned  limited  partnership  of  Crosswinds  Holdings  Inc.,  a  publicly  traded 
Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”); and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”).  

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the 
indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch 
Delaware).    TransRe  invested  $5.0  million  for  a  15.2%  non-voting  interest  in  Monarch  Delaware  and  advanced  an  additional  $5.0 
million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company 
(“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC. 

Significant Customer 

We entered into an Insurance Agency Master Agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc., (“ISA”), an affiliate of Allstate 
Insurance Company (“Allstate”), pursuant to which we are authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our homeowners’ and 
commercial  general  liability  insurance  products  to  consumers  in  Florida.  As  a  percentage  of  the  total  homeowners’  premiums  we 
underwrote  in  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016,  2015,  and  2014,  24.1%,  25.4%,  and  20.5%,  respectively,  were  from  Allstate’s 
network of Florida agents.  

Principles of Consolidation 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FNHC and all other entities in which we have a 
controlling  financial  interest  and  any  variable  interest  entities  (“VIE”)  in  which  we  are  the  primary  beneficiary.  All  material  inter-
company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to 
finance its own activities without additional financial support or where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial 
interest.  We assess our contractual, ownership or other interests in a VIE to determine if our interest participates in the variability the 
VIE was designed to absorb and pass onto variable interest holders.  We perform an ongoing qualitative assessment of our variable 
interests  in  VIEs  to  determine  whether  we  have  a  controlling  financial  interest  and  would  therefore  be  considered  the  primary 
beneficiary of the VIE.  If we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in 
our consolidated financial statements.  

In connection with the investment in Monarch Delaware, we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this VIE, 
as we possess the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance.  Accordingly, we 
consolidate the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on the VIE.  

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Basis of Presentation 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  of  America  Generally 
Accepted  Accounting  Principles  (“GAAP”).   Certain  GAAP  policies,  which  significantly  affect  the  determination  of  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below. 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES  

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions  

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
about  future  events  that  affect  the  amounts  reported  in  the  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes.  Future  events  and  their 
effects  cannot  be  determined  with  absolute  certainty.  Therefore,  the  determination  of  estimates  requires  the  exercise  of  judgment. 
Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates.  

Similar  to  other  property  and  casualty  insurers,  our  liability  for  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expense  reserves,  although 
supported  by  actuarial  projections  and  other  data,  is  ultimately  based  on  management’s  reasoned  expectations  of  future  events. 
Although  considerable  variability  is  inherent  in  these  estimates,  we  believe  that  this  liability  is  adequate.  Estimates  are  reviewed 
regularly and adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in current operations.  

Fair Value 

The fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants in 
the principal market or in the most advantageous market when no principal market exists.  Adjustments to transaction prices or quoted 
market prices may be required in illiquid or disorderly markets in order to estimate fair value.  Alternative valuation techniques may 
be appropriate under the circumstances to determine the value that would be received to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an 
orderly transaction.  Market participants are assumed to be independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange and 
not  acting  under  duress.   Our  nonperformance  or  credit  risk  is  considered  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  liabilities.   Considerable 
judgment may be required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, estimates of fair value 
presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current or future market exchange. 

Refer to Note 3 for additional information regarding fair value. 

Investments 

Investments consist of debt and equity securities.  Debt securities consist of securities with an initial fixed maturity, which 
include corporate bonds, municipal bonds and United States government bonds.  Equity securities generally consist of securities that 
represent  ownership  interests  in  an  enterprise.   The  Company  determines  the  appropriate  classification  of  investments  in  debt  and 
equity securities at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classification at each balance sheet date. 

Held-to-maturity  investments  are  recorded  at  the  amortized  cost,  reflecting  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  the  securities  to 
maturity.  All other securities were classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value.  Unrealized gains and losses during the 
year,  net  of  the  related  tax  effect  applicable  to  available-for-sale,  are  excluded  from  income  and  reflected  in  other  comprehensive 
income, and the cumulative effect is reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized.  If a decline in fair value 
is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its fair value and the amount of the write-down is recorded as 
an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss on the statement of operations.  In addition, any portion of such decline related to 
debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than credit is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather 
than against income. 

Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. 

Net investment income consists primarily of interest income from debt securities, cash and cash equivalents, including any 

premium amortization or discount accretion and dividend income from equity securities; less expenses related to investments. 

Refer to Note 4 for additional information regarding investments. 

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Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of all deposit balances with a bank that are available for immediate withdrawal and highly 
liquid investments.  All investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of the purchase are considered cash equivalents. 

Premiums and Unearned Premiums 

Premiums  are  recognized  as  revenue  on  a  pro-rata  basis  over  the  term  of  an  insurance  policy.   Assumed  reinsurance 
premiums  written  and  earned  are  based  on  reports  received  from  ceding  companies  for  pro-rata  treaty  contracts  and  are  generally 
recorded as written based on contract terms for excess-of-loss and quota share contracts.  Premiums are earned ratably over the terms 
of the related coverage. 

Unearned  premiums  and  ceded  unearned  premiums  represent  the  portion  of  gross  premiums  written  and  ceded  premiums 

written, respectively, relating to the unexpired terms of such coverage. 

Premium receivable balances are reported net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible premium amounts.  Such allowance 
is based upon an ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length of collection periods, the creditworthiness of the insured and other 
relevant factors.  Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance. 

Reinsurance 

Reinsurance  is  used  to  mitigate  the  exposure  to  losses,  manage  capacity  and  protect  capital  resources.   Reinsuring  loss 
exposures  does  not  relieve  a  ceding  entity  from  its  obligations  to  policyholders  and  cedants.   Reinsurance  recoverables  (including 
amounts related to claims incurred but not reported) and ceded unearned premiums are reported as assets.  To minimize exposure to 
losses  from  a  reinsurer’s  inability  to  pay,  the  financial  condition  of  such  reinsurer  is  evaluated  initially  upon  placement  of  the 
reinsurance  and  periodically  thereafter.   In  addition  to  considering  the  financial  condition  of  the  reinsurer,  the  collectability  of  the 
reinsurance  recoverables  is  evaluated  (and  where  appropriate,  whether  an  allowance  for  estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance 
recoverables  is  to  be  established)  based  upon  a  number  of  other  factors.   Such  factors  include  the  amounts  outstanding,  length  of 
collection  periods,  disputes,  any  collateral  or  letters  of  credit  held  and  other  relevant  factors.   To  the  extent  that  an  allowance  for 
uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverable  is  established,  amounts  deemed  to  be  uncollectible  are  written  off  against  the  allowance  for 
estimated  uncollectible  reinsurance  recoverables.   The  Company  currently  has  no  allowances  for  uncollectible  reinsurance 
recoverables. 

Ceded  premiums  written  are  recorded  in  accordance  with  applicable  terms  of  the  various  reinsurance  contracts  and  ceded 
premiums  earned  are  charged  against  revenue  over  the  period  of  the  various  reinsurance  contracts.   This  also  generally  applies  to 
reinstatement premiums paid to a reinsurer, which arise when contractually-specified ceded loss triggers have been breached.  Ceded 
commissions  reduce  commissions,  brokerage  and  other  underwriting  expenses  and  ceded  losses  incurred  reduce  net  loss  and  loss 
adjustment expense incurred over the applicable periods of the various reinsurance contracts with third party reinsurers.  If premiums 
or commissions are subject to adjustment (for example, retrospectively-rated or experience-rated), the estimated ultimate premium or 
commission is recognized over the period of the contract. 

Amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  are  estimated  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  claim  liability  associated  with  the 

reinsured business and consistent with the terms of the underlying reinsurance contract. 

Direct Written Policy Fees 

Policy fees represent a non-refundable application fee for insurance coverage, which are intended to reimburse us for the costs 
incurred to underwrite the policy.  Policy fees are recognized on the effective date of the insurance policy. 

Other Income 

Other income represents primarily brokerage and commission related income from our personal automobile line of business 
and  agency  operations.   The  commission  income  from  our  personal  automobile  line  of  business  is  made  up  of  ceded  commission 
income  and  fee  income  for  administration  and  claims  handling  services.   The  income  associated  with  ceded  commission  and  fee 
income  is recognized over the respective terms of the contracts.  The fees associated  with the administrative services is recognized 
upfront upon policy inception.  Commission income from our agency operations are recognized upfront upon policy inception. 

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Deferred Acquisition Costs 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Deferred  Acquisition  Costs  (“DAC”)  represent  those  costs  that  are  incremental  and  directly  related  to  the  successful 
acquisition of new or renewal of existing insurance contracts.  The Company defers incremental costs that result directly from, and are 
essential to, the acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract.  Such DAC generally include agent or broker commissions, referral 
fees, premium taxes, medical and inspection fees that would not have been incurred if the insurance contract had not been acquired or 
renewed.  Each cost is analyzed to assess whether it is fully deferrable. 

The Company also defers a portion of the employee total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly related to 
time spent performing specific acquisition or renewal activities, including costs associated with the time spent on underwriting, policy 
issuance and processing, and sales force contract selling 

The acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the period in which the related premiums written are earned, generally 
12 months.  It is grouped consistent with the  manner in which the insurance contracts are acquired, serviced and measured for 6 or 
profitability and is reviewed for recoverability based on the profitability of the underlying insurance contracts.  Investment income is 
anticipated  in  assessing  the  recoverability  of  DAC.   The  Company  assesses  the  recoverability  of  DAC  on  an  annual  basis  or  more 
frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. 

Property and Equipment 

Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using a 
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, ranging from 3 to 15 years.  Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as 
incurred. 

The  Company  accounts  for  internal-use  software  development  costs  in  accordance  with  accounting  guidelines  which  state 
that software costs, including internal payroll costs, incurred in connection with the development or acquisition of software for internal 
use  is  charged  to  expense  as  incurred  until  the  project  enters  the  application  development  phase.   Costs  incurred  in  the  application 
development  phase  are  capitalized  and  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  an  estimated  useful  life  of  5  years, 
beginning when the software is ready for use. 

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (“LAE”) 

The reserves for loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) represent management’s best estimate of the  ultimate cost of all 
reported and unreported losses incurred through the balance sheet date. Such liabilities are determined based upon our assessment of 
claims  pending  and  the  development  of  prior  years’  loss  liability.  These  amounts  include  liabilities  based  upon  individual  case 
estimates for reported losses and LAE’s and estimates of such amounts that are incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”). Changes in the 
estimated liability are charged or credited to operations as the losses and LAE’s are settled. 

The estimates of the liability for loss and LAE reserves are subject to the effect of trends in claims severity and frequency and 
are  continually  reviewed.  As  part  of  this  process,  we  review  historical  data  and  consider  various  factors,  including  known  and 
anticipated  legal  developments,  inflation  and  economic  conditions.  As  experience  develops  and  other  data  become  available,  these 
estimates  are  revised,  as  required,  resulting  in  increases  or  decreases  to  the  existing  liability  for  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense 
reserves.  Adjustments  are  reflected  in  results  of  operations  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  made  and  the  liabilities  may  deviate 
substantially from prior estimates. 

Income Taxes 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the 
estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and 
liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss, capital loss and tax-credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities 
are  measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary  differences  are 
expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income or 
expense in the period that includes the enactment date. 

Share-based Compensation 

The  Company  accounts  for  share-based  compensation  based  on  the  estimated  grant  date  fair  value.  The  Company  grants 
awards  with  service  only conditions and  generally  amortizes them on a  straight-line over the  requisite service  period of the award, 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

which is the vesting term.  The fair value of the restricted stock grants is determined based on the closing market price on the date of 
grant.  Non-employee directors are treated as employees for accounting purposes. 

Basic and Diluted Net Income per Share 

Basic  net  income  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  (loss)  income  available  to  common  shareholders  by  the  weighted 
average  number  of  common  shares,  while  diluted  net  income  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  available  to  common 
shareholders by the weighted average number of such common shares and dilutive share equivalents result from the assumed exercise 
of employee stock options and vesting of restricted common stock and are calculated using the treasury stock method. 

Reclassifications 

Certain  amounts  in  prior  year’s  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  2016 
presentation.   These  reclassifications  had  no  effect  on  the  reported  results  of  operations,  financial  condition,  and  cash  flows.  In  the 
current  period,  the  Company  concluded  it  was  appropriate to  present  reinsurance  assets  and  reinsurance  payables  separately  on  the 
consolidated  balance  sheets  and  statements  of  cash  flows.  The  Company  believes  this  reclassification  provide  greater  clarity  and 
insight into the consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. 

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements  

In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2015-
02,  Consolidation  (Topic  810):  Amendments  to  the  Consolidation  Analysis  (“ASU  2015-02”).  ASU  2015-02  amended  the 
consolidation  guidance  by  modifying  the  evaluation  criteria  for  whether  limited  partnerships  and  similar  legal  entities  are  variable 
interest entities or voting interest entities, eliminating the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, 
and affecting the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with variable interest entities. We adopted the provisions 
of ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016 and re-evaluated all legal entity investments under the revised consolidation model. The 
adoption of ASU 2015-02 did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.  

In  April  2015,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2015-03,  Interest-Imputation  of  Interest.   ASU  2015-03  reduces  the  complexity  of 
disclosing debt issuance costs and debt discount and premium on the balance sheet by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a 
recognized  debt  liability  be  presented  in  the  balance  sheet  as  a  direct  deduction  from  the  carrying  amount  of  the  debt  liability, 
consistent with debt discounts.  The Company adopted this ASU retrospectively as of January 1, 2016.  Other assets and debt from 
consolidated  variable  interest  entity  have  been  reclassified  to  be  consistent  with  the  adoption  of  this  standard,  which  resulted  in  a 
reduction  of  $0.1 million  each.   There  were  no  changes  to  shareholders’  equity  as  a  result  of  this  adoption.   There  were  no  other 
impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

In  May  2015,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2015-09,  Financial  Services  –  Insurance  (Topic  944):  Disclosures  about  Short-
Duration-Contracts. The amendments in this ASU apply to all insurance entities that issue short-duration contracts as defined in Topic 
944, Financial Services—Insurance. The amendments require insurance entities to disclose for annual reporting periods information 
on  the  liability  for  unpaid  claims  and  claim  adjustment  expenses.   The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are  effective  for  annual  periods 
beginning  after  December  15,  2015,  and  interim  periods  within  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2016. The  disclosure 
requirements of this guidance were adopted; see Note 6 Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves for further details. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements  

In  May  2014,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“ASU  2014-09”).  ASU  2014-09 
requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services 
to  customers.  This  authoritative  guidance  replaces  all  general  and  most  industry  specific  revenue  recognition  guidance  (excluding 
insurance)  currently  prescribed  by  U.S.  GAAP.  The  core  principle  is  that  an  entity  recognizes  revenue  to  reflect  the  transfer  of  a 
promised  good  or  service  to  customers  in  an  amount  that  reflects  that  consideration  to  which  the  entity  expects  to  be  entitled  in 
exchange  for  that  good  or  service.  This  guidance  also  provides  clarification  on  when  an  entity  is  a  principal  or  an  agent  in  a 
transaction. The guidance may be applied using one of the two following methods: (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting periods 
presented,  or  (2)  retrospectively  with  the  cumulative  effect  of  initially  applying  the  standard  recognized  at  the  date  of  initial 
application. In addition, during 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, and ASU 2016-12, all of which clarify certain 
implementation  guidance  within  ASU 2014-09.  We will adopt this accounting standard update  effective January 1, 2018. While  we 
are currently evaluating the method of adoption and the impact of the provisions of this accounting standard update, only a portion of 
our  revenues  are  impacted  by  this  guidance  because  the  guidance  does  not  apply  to  revenue  on  contracts  accounted  for  under  the 
financial  instruments  or  insurance  contracts  standards.  Our  evaluation  process  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to,  identifying  contracts 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

within the scope of the guidance, reviewing and documenting our accounting for these contracts, and identifying and determining  the 
accounting for any related contract costs. 

In  January  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-01,  Recognition  and  Measurement  of  Financial  Assets  and  Financial 
Liabilities, which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments.  Most 
notably, this new guidance requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those 
that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This new 
guidance  is  effective  for  annual  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017.  We  are  currently  evaluating  the  impact  the 
adoption of this standard would have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02,  Leases (Topic  842)  (“ASU  2016-02”).  Upon  the  effective  date,  ASU 
2016-02 will supersede the current lease guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize 
for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising 
from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset, which is an asset 
that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim 
and  annual  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2018,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  guidance  is  required  to  be 
applied  using  a  modified  retrospective  transition  approach  for  leases  existing  at,  or  entered  into  after,  the  beginning  of  the  earliest 
comparative  periods  presented  in  the  financial  statements.  This  guidance  will  require  us  to  add  our  operating  leases  to  the  balance 
sheet. We are currently evaluating other impacts this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.  

In  March  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-09,  Compensation  –  Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718):  Improvements  to 
Employee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting  (“ASU  2016-09”),  which  is  intended  to  simplify  several  aspects  of  the  accounting  for 
share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities,  and 
classification on the statement of  cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and 
interim  periods  therein.  Early  application  is  permitted.  The  guidance  will  be  adopted  on  a  prospective  basis  as  indicated  by  the 
guidance for each area of change and will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.  

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-13,  Financial  Instruments-  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326):  Measurement  of  Credit 
Losses on Financial Instruments  (“ASU 2016-13”)  which significantly changes the  measurement of credit losses  for most  financial 
assets  and  certain  other  instruments  that  are  not  measured  at  fair  value  through  net  income.  ASU  2016-13  will  require  entities  to 
record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as currently performed under the other-
than-temporary  impairment  model.  Additionally,  the  standard  will  require  enhanced  disclosures  for  financial  assets  measured  at 
amortized cost and available-for-sale debt securities to help the financial statement users better understand significant judgments used 
in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 is effective 
for  interim  and  annual  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2019,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  We  are  currently 
evaluating the effects the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

In  August  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-15,  Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230),  Classification  of  Certain  Cash 
Receipts  and  Cash  Payments  (“ASU  2016-15”).  ASU  2016-15  provides  guidance  on  the  following  eight  specific  cash  flow 
classification issues: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2)  settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt 
instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (3) contingent 
consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from 
the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from 
equity  method  investees;  (7)  beneficial  interests  in  securitization  transactions;  and  (8)  separately  identifiable  cash  flows  and 
application of the predominance principle. Current GAAP does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification 
issues.  The  amendments  of  this  ASU  are  effective  for  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017,  with  early  adoption 
permitted.  The  Company  is  evaluating  the  effect  that  ASU  2015-16  will  have  on  its  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related 
disclosures.  

3. FAIR VALUE 

Fair  value  measurements  are  generally  based  upon  observable  and  unobservable  inputs.    Observable  inputs  are  based  on 
market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in the absence of 
observable  market  information.    All  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  carried  at  fair  value  are  classified  and  disclosed  in  one  of  the 
following categories: 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Level 1  — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active  markets  for identical assets or liabilities. An active  market is defined as a 
market  where  transactions  for  the  financial  statement  occur  with  sufficient  frequency  and  volume  to  provide  pricing 
information on an ongoing basis. 

Level 2 — Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and valuations, using models or other valuation techniques 
that  use  observable  market  data.    All  significant  inputs  are  observable,  or  derived  from  observable  information  in  the 
marketplace, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the market place. 

Level 3 — Instruments that use  non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable  market 
data  or  those  that  are  estimated  based  on  an  ownership  interest  to  which  a  proportionate  share  of  net  assets  is  attributed. 
Currently, the Company has no level 3 investments. 

The Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of inputs used were as 

follows: 

Debt securities: 

United States government obligations and authorities 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate 
International 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

December 31, 2016 

(in thousands) 

 $ 

  $ 

 36,560 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 36,560 

  $ 

 25,645 
 151,183 
 149,505 
 11,863 
 338,196 

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 62,205 
 151,183 
 149,505 
 11,863 
 374,756 

Equity securities 

Total investments 

 28,960 

 415 

 —  

 29,375 

  $ 

 65,520   $ 

 338,611   $ 

 —   $ 

 404,131 

Debt securities: 

United States government obligations and authorities 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate 
International 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

December 31, 2015 

(in thousands) 

 $ 

 34,733   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 34,733  

 26,820   $ 

 110,702  
 154,620  
 12,303  
 304,445  

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 61,553 
 110,702 
 154,620 
 12,303 
 339,178 

Equity securities 

Total investments 

 38,012  

 522  

 —  

 38,534 

  $ 

 72,745   $ 

 304,967   $ 

 —   $ 

 377,712 

A  third  party  nationally  recognized  pricing  service  provides  the  fair  value  of  securities  in  Level  2.  A  summary  of  the 

significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each class of security is as follows: 

United States government obligations and authorities: In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities we use the market 
approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are 
not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events. 

Obligations  of  states  and  political  subdivisions:  In  determining  the  fair  value  for  state  and  municipal  securities  we  use  the  market 
approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are 
not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events. 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Corporate and International: In determining the fair value for corporate securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to 
the  valuation  include  reported  trades,  dealer  quotes  for  identical  or  similar  assets  in  markets  that  are  not  active,  benchmark  yields, 
credit  spreads  (for  investment  grade  securities),  observations  of  equity  and  credit  default  swap  curves  (for  high-yield  corporates), 
reference data and industry and economic events. 

We review the third party pricing methodologies quarterly and test for significant differences between the market price used 

to value the security and recent sales activity. 

4. INVESTMENTS 

Unrealized Gains and Losses 

The amortized cost and the fair value of debt and equity securities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized as 

follows: 

Amortized 
Cost 
or Cost 

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains 

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses 

(in thousands) 

Fair Value 

December 31, 2016 

Debt securities  - available-for-sale: 

United States government obligations and authorities 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate  
International 

  $ 

Debt securities  - held-to-maturity: 
United States government obligations and authorities 

Corporate  
International 

Equity securities  
Total investments 

  $ 

 $ 

 62,881 
 152,823 
 149,053 
 11,887  
 376,644  

 4,163 
 1,317 
 71  
 5,551  
 24,163  
 406,358   $ 

 $ 

 177 
 427 
 1,347 
 95  
 2,046  

 22 
 20 
 —  
 42  
 5,500  
 7,588   $ 

 $ 

 853 
 2,067 
 895 
 119  
 3,934  

 118 
 2 
 —  
 120  
 288  
 4,342   $ 

 62,205 
 151,183 
 149,505 
 11,863 
 374,756 

 4,067 
 1,335 
 71 
 5,473 
 29,375 
 409,604 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2015 

Debt securities  - available-for-sale: 

United States government obligations and authorities 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate  
International 

  $ 

Debt securities  - held-to-maturity: 

United States government obligations and authorities 
Corporate  
International 

Equity securities  
Total investments 

Net Realized Gains and Losses 

  $ 

Amortized 
Cost 
or Cost 

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains 

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses 

(in thousands) 

  Fair Value 

 $ 

 61,384 
 109,152 
 154,957 
 12,528  
 338,021  

 4,275 
 2,253 
 91  
 6,619  
 33,581  
 378,221   $ 

 $ 

 489 
 1,590 
 1,153 
 18  
 3,250  

 30 
 14 
 —  
 44  
 6,809  
 10,103   $ 

 $ 

 320 
 40 
 1,490 
 243  
 2,093  

 204 
 20 
 —  
 224  
 1,856  
 4,173   $ 

 61,553 
 110,702 
 154,620 
 12,303 
 339,178 

 4,101 
 2,247 
 91 
 6,439 
 38,534 
 384,151 

The Company calculates the gain or loss realized on the sale of investments by comparing the sales price (fair value) to the 
cost or amortized cost of the security sold. Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific 
identification  method.  The  following  tables  detail  the  Company’s  net  realized  gains  (losses)  by  major  investment  category  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: 

Gross realized gains: 

Debt securities 
Equity securities 

Total gross realized gains 

Gross realized losses: 

Debt securities 
Equity securities 

Total gross realized losses 
Net realized gains on investments 

2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

 3,208   $ 
 4,264  
 7,472  

 1,272   $ 
 4,959  
 6,231  

 725 
 4,489 
 5,214 

 (1,614)  
 (2,813)  
 (4,427)  
 3,045   $ 

 (805)  
 (1,810)  
 (2,615)  
 3,616   $ 

 (147) 
 (641) 
 (788) 
 4,426 

  $ 

During the  years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the proceeds from  sales of investment securities  were  $229.3 

million, $157.2 million and $87.1 million, respectively. 

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Table of Contents 

Contractual Maturity 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 by contractual maturity are 
shown  below.   Expected  maturities  will  differ  from  contractual  maturities  because  borrowers  may  have  the  right  to  call  or  prepay 
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 

Securities with maturity dates: 
Debt securities, available-for-sale: 
One year or less 
Over one through five years 
Over five through ten years 
Over ten years 

Debt securities, held-to-maturity: 
One year or less 
Over one through five years 
Over five through ten years 

December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2015 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair Value 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair Value 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

 46,189   $ 

 46,231   $ 

 24,470   $ 

 177,982  
 150,557  
 1,916  
 376,644  

 177,899  
 148,783  
 1,843  
 374,756  

 170,797  
 142,728  
 26  
 338,021  

 170  
 1,719  
 3,662  
 5,551  
 382,195   $ 

 170  
 1,750  
 3,553  
 5,473  
 380,229   $ 

 486  
 1,899  
 4,234  
 6,619  
 344,640   $ 

 24,488 
 171,113 
 143,545 
 32 
 339,178 

 487 
 1,915 
 4,037 
 6,439 
 345,617 

Total 

  $ 

Net Investment Income 

The following table summarizes the Company’s net investment income for years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: 

Interest income 
Dividends income 

Net investment income 

2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

  $ 

 7,920   $ 
 1,143  
 9,063   $ 

 6,638   $ 
 588  
 7,226   $ 

 4,832 
 553 
 5,385 

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Table of Contents 

Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, gross unrealized losses and related fair values for debt and equity securities, grouped by 

duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows: 

December 31, 2016 
Debt securities - available-for-sale: 

United States government obligations  

and authorities 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate 
International 

Less than 12 months 

Fair 
Value 

  Gross 
  Unrealized   
  Losses 

12 months or longer 
  Gross 
  Unrealized   
  Losses 

Fair 
Value 

(in thousands) 

Total 

  Gross 
  Unrealized  
  Losses 

Fair 
Value 

$ 

 45,255  $ 

 850   $ 

 111  $ 

 103,724  
 59,970  
 5,925  
 214,874   

 2,066   
 864   
 119   

 3,899 

 1,007  
 2,427  
 5  
 3,550   

 3   $   45,366   $ 
 1   
 31   
 -   

  104,731   
   62,397   
 5,930   
  218,424   

 35 

 853 
 2,067 
 895 
 119 
 3,934 

Equity securities 

Total investments 

 4,701  

 253   

 434  

 35   

 5,135   

 288 

$   219,575  $ 

 4,152   $ 

 3,984  $ 

 70   $   223,559  $ 

 4,222 

December 31, 2015 
Debt securities - available-for-sale: 

United States government obligations  

and authorities 

Obligations of states and political subdivisions 
Corporate 
International 

Equity securities 

Total investments 

Less than 12 months 

Fair 
Value 

  Gross 
  Unrealized   
  Losses 

12 months or longer 
  Gross 
  Unrealized   
  Losses 

Fair 
Value 

(in thousands) 

Total 

  Gross 
  Unrealized  
  Losses 

Fair 
Value 

$ 

 30,464  $ 
 16,652   
 87,176   
 8,660   
 142,952    

 303   $ 
 40    
 1,420    
 191    
 1,954    

 659  $ 
 —   
 3,590   
 281   
 4,530    

 17   $ 
 —    
 70    
 52    
 139    

 31,123  $ 
 16,652   
 90,766   
 8,941   
 147,482    

 320 
 40 
 1,490 
 243 
 2,093 

 11,790    

 1,850    

 84    

 6    

 11,874    

 1,856 

$   154,742  $ 

 3,804   $ 

 4,614  $ 

 145   $   159,356  $ 

 3,949 

As  of  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  held  a  total  of  1,132  debt  and  equity  securities  that  were  in  an  unrealized  loss 
position, of which 36 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2015, the 
Company  held  a  total  of  676  debt  and  equity  securities  that  were  in  an  unrealized  loss  position,  of  which  22  securities  were  in  an 
unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses associated with these securities consisted primarily 
of losses related to corporate securities. 

The Company holds its equity securities and some of its debt securities as available-for-sale and as such, these securities are 
recorded at fair value. The Company continually monitors the difference between cost and the estimated fair value of its investments, 
which involves uncertainty as to whether declines in value are temporary in nature. If the decline of a particular investment is deemed 
temporary, the Company records the decline as an unrealized loss in shareholders’ equity. If the decline is deemed to be other than 
temporary,  the  Company  will  write  the  security’s  cost-basis  or  amortized  cost-basis  down  to  the  fair  value  of  the  investment  and 
recognizes an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss in our consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, any portion 
of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from  factors other than credit  will be recorded as a component of 
other comprehensive income rather than charged against income.  

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The Company’s assessment of equity securities initially involves an evaluation of all securities that are in an unrealized loss 
position, regardless of the duration or severity of the loss, as of the applicable balance sheet date. Such initial review consists primarily 
of assessing whether: (i) there has been a negative credit or news event with respect to the issuer that could indicate the existence of an 
OTTI;  and  (ii)  the  Company  has  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  an  equity  security  for  a  period  of  time  sufficient  to  allow  for  an 
anticipated recovery (generally considered to be one year from the balance sheet date).  

To the extent that an equity security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the initial review described above, 

the Company then evaluates such equity security by considering qualitative and quantitative factors. These factors include but are not 
limited to facts and circumstances specific to individual securities, asset classes, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in 
dividend payment, the length of time fair value had been less than cost, the severity of the decline in fair value below cost, industry 
outlook and our ability and intent to hold each position until its forecasted recovery. 

Debt securities classified as available-for-sale in a gross unrealized loss position for twelve  months or longer are primarily 
comprised of non-credit losses on investment grade securities where management does not intend to sell, and it is not more than likely 
than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery. The Company has analyzed these securities  and 
has determined that they are not other than temporarily impaired. 

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016,  2015  and  2014,  OTTI  losses  were  $0.3  million,  $0.4  million  and  $0, 
respectively.   The  determination  that  unrealized  losses  on  such  securities  were  other-than-temporary  was  primarily  based  on  the 
duration of the decline in the fair value of such securities relative to their cost as of the balance sheet date. 

Statutory Deposits 

As  of  December 31,  2016,  investments  with  fair  values  of  approximately  $7.9  million,  the  majority  of  which  were  debt 
securities,  were  deposited  with  governmental  authorities  and  into  custodial  bank  accounts  as  required  by  law  or  contractual 
obligations. 

5. REINSURANCE 

Overview 

Reinsurance  is  used  to  mitigate  the  exposure  to  losses,  manage  capacity  and  protect  capital  resources.  The  Company 
reinsures (cedes) a portion of written premiums on an excess of loss or a quota share basis in order to limit our loss exposure. To the 
extent  that  reinsuring  companies  are  unable  to  meet  their  obligations  assumed  under  these  reinsurance  agreements,  we  remain 
primarily liable to our policyholders.  

We are selective in choosing reinsurers and consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial stability 
of the reinsurer or capital specifically pledged to uphold the contract, its history of responding to claims and its overall  reputation.  In 
an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we evaluate the acceptability and review the financial condition of 
the reinsurer at least annually with the assistance of our reinsurance broker. 

Significant Reinsurance Contracts 

FNIC  and  MNIC  operate  primarily  by  underwriting  and  accepting  risks  for  their  direct  account  on  a  gross  basis  and 
reinsuring a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention 
level. We continually evaluate the relative attractiveness of different forms of reinsurance contracts and different markets that may be 
used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives. All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC or MNIC from their direct 
obligations to the insured.  

FNIC’s  2015-2016  catastrophe  reinsurance  program,  which  ran  either  from  June  1  to  May  31  or  from  July  1  to  June  30, 
consists  of  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (“FHCF”),  excess  of  loss  treaties  placed  with  the  private  market  and  a 
40%  property quota-share program. The property quota-share reinsurance is a form of proportional reinsurance that provides coverage 
for the homeowners’ property lines for wind related catastrophes in Florida. The FHCF treaty affords coverage for losses sustained in 
Florida and represents only a portion of the reinsurance coverage in Florida.  

The  excess  of  loss  and  FHCF  treaties,  which  became  effective  on  July  1,  2015  and  June  1,  2015,  respectively,  insure  for 
approximately  $1.82  billion  of  aggregate  catastrophic  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  (“LAE”)  with  a  maximum  single  event 
coverage  totaling  approximately  $1.26  billion,  with  the  Company  retaining  the  first  $12.9  million  in  Florida  and  $5.0  million  in 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Louisiana, Alabama and South Carolina for losses and LAE from each event. Ceded premiums in connection with this program totaled 
approximately $149.7 million.  

FNIC’s  2016-2017  reinsurance  programs,  costing  approximately  $179.5  million, include  approximately  $125.7  million  for 
the private reinsurance for Federated National’s Florida exposure, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection on 
all layers, along with approximately  $53.8 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties 
will afford Federated National with approximately $2.22 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling 
approximately  $1.58  billion,  exclusive  of  retentions. FNIC  maintained  its  FHCF  participation  at  75%  for  the  2016  hurricane 
season. FNIC’s  single  event  pre-tax  retention  for  a  catastrophic  event  in  Florida  is  $18.45  million. In  addition,  FNIC  purchases 
separate underlying reinsurance layers in Louisiana, Alabama, and South Carolina to cover losses and LAE outside of Florida for each 
catastrophic  event  from  $8.0  million  to  $18.45  million.  Depending  on  the  characteristics  of  the  catastrophic  event,  and  the  states 
involved, FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention could be as low as $8.0 million. The maximum pre-tax retention of $18.45 million for 
Florida represents 7.76% of the Company’s shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2016.  

Additionally, the Company’s private market excess of loss treaties became effective July 1, 2016 and all private layers have 
prepaid  automatic  reinstatement  protection,  which  affords  us  additional  coverage  against  multiple  catastrophic  events  in  the  same 
hurricane season. The Company obtained multiple year protection for a portion of its program; as a result, some of the coverage will 
expire  on  June  30,  2017,  and  a  portion  of  the  coverage  will  remain  in-force  one  additional  treaty  year  until  June  30,  2018.  These 
private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all private layers 
attach after $18.45 million in losses for FNIC’s Florida exposure. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next 
layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted. 

MNIC’s  2016-2017  catastrophe  reinsurance  program,  which  runs  from  either  June  1  to  May  31  or  June  1  to  June  30  (13 
month period), consists of the FHCF and private market excess of loss treaties. All private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement 
protection,  which  affords MNIC  additional  coverage,  and  have  a  cascading  feature  such  that  substantially  all  layers  attach  at  $3.4 
million for MNIC's Florida exposure.  

The Company’s property quota share treaties, which are included in the reinsurance program, run for a two-year period from 
July 1 to July 1 of the following year.  The property quota-share treaties consist of two different treaties, one for 30% which became 
effective July 1, 2014, and the other for 10% which became effective July 1, 2015. The combined treaties provided up to a 40% quota-
share reinsurance on the first $100 million of covered losses for the homeowners’ property insurance program in Florida. The treaties 
are  accounted  for  as  retrospectively  rated  contracts  whereby  the  estimated  ultimate  premium  or  commission  is  recognized  over  the 
period of the contracts.  

On July 1, 2016, the 30% property quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company 
will retain 30% of its unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers will remain liable for 30% of the paid losses occurring during the 
term of the treaty, until the treaty is commuted.  

The Company’s private passenger automobile quota share treaties are typically one-year programs which become effective at 
different points in the year and cover auto policies across several states. These automobile quota share treaties cede 75% to 90% of all 
written premiums entered into by the Company.  

Certain reinsurance agreements require FNIC to secure the credit, regulatory and business risk. Fully funded trust agreements 

securing these risks totaled $2.6 million as of December 31, 2016 and $3.5 million as of December 31, 2015. 

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Table of Contents 

Reinsurance Recoverables 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  are  recognized  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  claims  liabilities  associated  with  the 
reinsurance  placement  and  presented  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  as  reinsurance  recoverables.  The  following  reinsurance 
recoverable is reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of the dates presented as follows: 

Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses  
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses  

Reinsurance recoverable, net 

Premiums Written and Earned 

December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 
 7,451   $ 

 41,079  
 48,530   $ 

 5,218 
 7,496 
 12,714 

  $ 

 $ 

The following table presents premiums written and earned for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014: 

Net premiums written: 

Direct 
Ceded 

Net premiums earned: 

Direct 
Ceded 

2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 605,485   $ 
 (285,986)  
 319,499   $ 

 493,770   $ 
 (268,516)  
 225,254   $ 

 377,156 
 (201,998) 
 175,158 

 565,423   $ 
 (305,551)  
 259,872   $ 

 432,234   $ 
 (222,214)  
 210,020   $ 

 313,075 
 (142,170) 
 170,905 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

6. LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES 

The liability for loss and LAE reserves is determined on an individual-case basis for all claims reported. The liability also 

includes amounts for unallocated expenses, anticipated future claim development and incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”). 

Activity in the liability for loss and LAE reserves is summarized as follows: 

Gross reserves, beginning of period 
Less: reinsurance recoverable (1) 

Net reserves, beginning of period 

Incurred loss, net of reinsurance, related to: 

Current year 
Prior years 

Total incurred loss and LAE, net of reinsurance 

Paid loss, net of reinsurance, related to: 

Current year 
Prior years 

Total paid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance 

Net reserves, end of period 

Plus: reinsurance recoverable (1) 
Gross reserves, end of period 

2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

 97,340   $ 
 (7,496)  
 89,844  

 78,330   $ 
 (10,394)  
 67,936  

 61,016 
 (2,313) 
 58,703 

 174,795  
 12,546  
 187,341  

 113,819  
 (9,466)  
 104,353  

 113,196  
 56,958  
 160,154  

 49,531  
 32,914  
 82,445  

 117,031  
 41,079  
 158,110   $ 

 89,844  
 7,496  
 97,340   $ 

  $ 

 79,932 
 1,104 
 81,036 

 40,680 
 31,123 
 71,803 

 67,936 
 10,394 
 78,330 

(1)  Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded loss and LAE reserves. 

The establishment of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and changes in loss reserve estimates are expected as 

such estimates are subject to the outcome of future events. The factors influencing changes in claim costs are often difficult to isolate 
or quantify and developments in paid and incurred losses from historical trends are frequently subject to multiple interpretations. 
Changes in estimates, or differences between estimates and amounts ultimately paid, are reflected in the operating results of the period 
during which such adjustments are made. 

During  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  experienced  unfavorable  loss  and  LAE  reserve  development  on 
prior year accident years primarily in its all other peril homeowners’ coverage in Florida. The deficiency primarily relates  to reserve 
development  on  prior  year  accident  years  and  was  related  to  the  all  other  peril  homeowners’  coverage  in  the  state  of  Florida.  The 
deficiency primarily relates to higher severity above the  expected development  factor anticipated at December 31, 2015 which  was 
driven by the impact from assignment of benefits and other related adjusting expenses. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company experienced a redundancy on prior year accident years primarily a 

result of continued favorable loss experience (mostly caused by decreased severity in reported claims) in the Company’s all other peril 
homeowners’ coverage caused in part by the absence of severe weather in Florida. Specifically, we have experienced better severity 
than expected on the 2014 and 2013 accident years. 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The following tables provide incurred losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses (“ALAE”) as well as cumulative paid 

claims and ALAE, net of reinsurance, for the prior ten accident years for our largest lines of business, homeowners’’. In addition, as of 
the most recent reporting period, the total of IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims and the cumulative number 
of reported claims are presented (in thousands, except severity). The information about incurred and paid claims development for the 
years ended December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2015 is presented as supplementary information. 

Incurred losses and ALAE, net of reinsurance 

For the years ended December 31,  

IBNR & 
expected 
 development 
on 
reported 
claims 

Cumulative  
number of   
reported 
claims (1) 

Severity 
(2) 

Accident 
Year 
2007 
2008 
2009 
2010 
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 

2007 

2012 

2009 

2008 

2013 

2014 

2010 

(unaudited) 
2015 
2011 
 19,410   18,293   17,319   17,544   17,494   17,761   17,912   17,715   17,553 
 18,305   15,784   15,811   15,977   15,659   16,021   15,661   15,604 
 26,228   25,618   25,955   26,482   27,015   27,041   27,119 
 24,825   25,056   26,151   27,895   28,968   29,407 
 20,492   21,344   23,007   23,932   24,582 
 23,032   23,301   24,186   24,468 
 43,807   42,021   35,834 
 64,312   63,300 
 99,286 

2016 
 17,559  
 15,609  
 27,163  
 29,945  
 25,957  
 25,889  
 35,859  
 61,770  
 92,159  
168,875  
Total  $500,785   

2016 

 6 
 4 
 101 
 34 
 40 
 326 
 216 
 2,222 
 8,097 
 48,663 

2016 

2016 
 9,325 
 1,883 
 1,705 
 9,155 
 2,323   11,693 
 2,348   12,753 
 2,344   11,074 
 2,579   10,038 
 3,209   11,175 
 5,679   10,877 
 8,231 
 8,071 

 11,196 
 20,923 

Cumulative paid losses and ALAE, net of reinsurance  
For the years ended December 31,  

2007 
 11,358 

2008 
 15,352 
 9,477 

2009 
 16,160 
 13,832 
 15,047 

2010 
 16,783 
 14,689 
 23,095 
 14,052 

(unaudited) 
2011 
 17,027 
 15,190 
 24,657 
 21,350 
 11,119 

2012 
 17,291 
 15,308 
 26,007 
 24,730 
 19,250 
 13,693 

2013 
 17,429 
 15,445 
 26,462 
 26,886 
 21,323 
 20,728 
 19,986 

2014 
 17,443 
 15,595 
 26,831 
 27,984 
 22,723 
 23,120 
 31,606 
 37,033 

Accident Year 

2007 
2008 
2009 
2010 
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 

2015 
 17,509 
 15,583 
 26,927 
 29,092 
 24,047 
 23,923 
 33,867 
 53,831 
 52,190 

2016 
 17,519 
 15,587 
 26,982 
 29,739 
 25,580 
 25,186 
 35,123 
 57,891 
 76,169 
 101,532 
Total  $ 414,308 

All outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims and LAE prior to 2007, net of reinsurance          1,478 
Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims and LAE, net of reinsurance    $   87,955 

(1)  The cumulative number of reported claims is measured by individual claimant at a coverage level. 
(2)  Calculated severity amounts by accident year are based on inception-to-date incurred less IBNR and expected development dollars on reported claims. Note 

the older accident years are more developed than recent accident years. 

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Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and LAE in the 

consolidated balance sheets is as follows: 

Liabilities for unpaid losses and LAE: 

Homeowners 
Other lines 

Total liabilities for unpaid losses and LAE, net of reinsurance 

Reinsurance recoverables: 

Homeowners 
Other lines 

Total reinsurance recoverables 

Unallocated loss adjustment expenses 
Gross liability for unpaid losses and LAE 

As of December 31, 2016 
(in thousands) 

$                                     87,955 
 28,915  
 116,870  

 19,964  
 21,115  
 41,079  

 161  
$                                   158,110  

Other  lines  include  our  CGL  and  personal  automobile  lines  of  business.   Management  performed  a  quantitative  and 

qualitative assessment and determined that neither line of business met the guidelines for disaggregation, above. 

Management establishes a liability on an aggregate basis to provide for  the estimated IBNR.   The estimates of the liability 
for loss and LAE reserves are subject to the effect of trends in claims severity and frequency and are continually reviewed.  As part of 
this process, we review historical data and consider various factors, including known and anticipated legal developments, inflation and 
economic conditions. As experience develops and other data become available, these estimates are revised, as required, resulting in 
increases  or  decreases  to  the  existing  liability  for  loss  and  LAE  reserves.  Adjustments  are  reflected  in  results  of  operations  in  the 
period in which they are made and the liabilities may deviate substantially from prior estimates. 

Various actuarial methods are utilized to determine the reserves that are booked to our financial statements. Weightings of 
tests and methods at a detailed level may change from evaluation to evaluation based on a number of observations, measures and time 
elements. On an overall basis, changes to methods and/or assumptions underlying reserve estimations and selections as of December 
31, 2016, were not considered material. 

IBNR  reserves  are  established  for  the  quarter  and  year-end  based  on  a  quarterly  reserve  analysis  by  our  actuarial  staff. 
Various standard actuarial tests are applied to subsets of the business at a line of business and coverage basis. Included in the analyses 
are the following: 

  Reported  Loss  Development  Method:  a  reported  loss  development  pattern  is  calculated  based  on  historical  loss 
development  data,  and  this  pattern  is  then  used  to  project  the  latest  evaluation  of  cumulative  reported  losses  for  each 
accident year or underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

  Paid Development Method: a paid loss development pattern is calculated based on historical paid loss development data, 
and  this  pattern  is  then  used  to  project  the  latest  evaluation  of  cumulative  paid  losses  for  each  accident  year  or 
underwriting year, as appropriate, to ultimate levels; 

  Expected  Loss  Ratio  Method:  expected  loss  ratios  are  applied  to  premiums  earned,  based  on  historical  company 

experience, or historical insurance industry results when company experience is deemed not to be sufficient; and 

  Bornhuetter-Ferguson Method: the results from the Expected Loss Ratio Method are essentially blended with either the 

Reported Loss Development Method or the Paid Development Method. 

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Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Supplementary Information on Historical Loss and LAE Duration (Unaudited)  

The following table provides supplementary information about the average annual percentage payout of incurred losses and 

ALAE, net of reinsurance, as of December 31, 2016: 

Year 1 

Year 2 

Year 3 

Year 4 

Year 5 

Year 6 

Year 7 

Year 8 

Homeowners 

53.4% 

28.3% 

7.4% 

4.2% 

2.2% 

2.6% 

1.0% 

0.1% 

Year 9  Year 10 
0.0% 

0.4% 

Average annual payout of losses and LAE, net of reinsurance 

(unaudited) 

7. LONG-TERM DEBT 

On March 17, 2015, MNHC, our consolidated VIE, issued a promissory note with a principal amount of $5.0 million bearing 
6% annual interest, due  March 17, 2021  with interest payable on an annual basis due  March 17 each  year. The debt  was issued to 
TransRe and is being carried at the unpaid principal balance; any accrued and unpaid interest is recognized in other liabilities in the 
consolidated  statement  of  operations.  In  addition,  the  company  recorded  $0.1  million  of  debt  issuance  costs  related  to  the  6% 
promissory note. 

8. INCOME TAXES 

The provision for income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows: 

Federal: 
Current 
Deferred 

Federal income tax expense 
State: 

Current 
Deferred 

State income tax expense  
Total income tax expense 

2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

  $ 

 5,076   $ 

 (2,771)  
 2,305  

 674  
 (296)  
 378  
 2,683   $ 

  $ 

 15,523   $ 
 6,118  
 21,641  

 2,489  
 623  
 3,112  
 24,753   $ 

2014 

 16,659 
 1,059 
 17,718 

 2,204 
 186 
 2,390 
 20,108 

The  actual  income  tax  expense  differs  from  the  “expected”  income  tax  expense  (computed  by  applying  the  combined 

applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense) as follows: 

Computed expected tax expense provision, at federal rate 
State tax, net of federal tax benefit 
Tax-exempt interest 
Income subject to dividends-received deduction 
Meals and entertainment 
Return to provision and rate changes 
Prior year deferred tax true-up 
Other 
Total income tax expense 

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2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

 957   $ 
 85  
 (571)  
 (219)  
 130  
 145  
 2,163  
 (7)  
 2,683   $ 

 22,829   $ 
 2,291  
 (445)  
 (109)  
 -  
 119  
 -   
 68  
 24,753   $ 

  $ 

  $ 

2014 

 19,887 
 1,696 
 (312) 
 (136) 
 - 
 (1,027) 
 - 
 - 
 20,108 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.7 million, which includes  $2.2 million of additional tax 

expense related to a prior year adjustment impacting deferred taxes. 

Deferred  income  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our net  deferred 
tax liability are as follows: 

Deferred tax assets: 

Unearned premiums 
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 
Accrued expenses 
Net operating loss carryforwards 
Share-based compensation 
Other 

Total 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Deferred acquisition costs 
Unrealized gains on investment securities 
Deferred revenue related to reinsurance 
Depreciation and amortization 

Other 

Total 

  $ 

Year Ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

 13,975   $ 
 1,612  
 692  
 7  
 582  
 155  
 17,023  

 (16,364)  
 (1,277)  
 -  
 (718)  

 (97)  
 (18,456)  

 9,375 
 1,175 
 694 
 140 
 606 
 212 
 12,202 

 (11,906) 
 (2,336) 
 (3,395) 
 - 

 (192) 
 (17,829) 

Net deferred tax liability 

  $ 

 (1,433)   $ 

 (5,627) 

The Company files a federal income tax return and various state and local tax returns. The Company’s consolidated federal 

and state income tax returns for 2013 - 2015 are open for review by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other state taxing 
authorities. 

As of December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, we have determined that there are no uncertain tax positions. 

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Legal Proceedings 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  conducting  business,  the  Company  is  involved  in  various  legal  proceedings,  specifically  claims 
litigation.    The  company’s  insurance  subsidiaries  participate  in  most  of  these  proceedings  by  either  defending  third-party  claims 
brought against insureds or litigating first-party coverage claims.  The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment 
of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves.  We believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims 
litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, is immaterial to our consolidated financial 
statements.  The Company is also occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which may assert claims 
for  substantial  amounts.    These  other  legal  proceedings  may  occasionally  make  us  party  to  individual  actions  in  which  extra-
contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. 

On  a  quarterly  basis,  the  Company  reviews  these  outstanding  matters,  if  any.    Consistent  with  GAAP,  the  Company 
establishes accruals when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the Company can reasonably estimate its potential exposure.  
We record for such probable and estimable losses, if any, through the establishment of legal expense reserves.  Based on our quarterly 
review, the Company believes that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued  do not 
have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. 

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Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

On July 26, 2016, Mutual filed a demand for arbitration against the Company before the American Arbitration Association 
(“AAA”) alleging a breach of the Co-Existence Agreement.  On November 29, 2016, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District 
of  Florida  granted  Mutual’s  motion  to  compel  arbitration  of  the  Company’s  declaratory  judgment  action  for  non-infringement  of  a 
trademark.   On February 3, 2017, the AAA granted the Company’s motion to terminate the arbitration for lack of jurisdiction  based 
upon Mutual’s failure to comply with the Co-Existence Agreement’s regarding the selection of an arbitrator. The parties are currently 
in the  process of conferring  upon the  selection of a  mutually agreeable arbitrator. The Company nevertheless  intends  to vigorously 
defend against Mutual’s allegations, although there can be no assurances as to the outcome of this matter. 

On March 2, 2017, the Company filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida court to enforce the terms of the restrictive 
covenants set forth in the Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated August 5, 
2013,  as  amended,  entered  into  between  Peter  J.  Prygelski,  III  and  the  Company  during  Mr.  Prygelski’s  employment  with  the 
Company  and  set  forth  in  the  separation  agreement  he  entered  into  in  connection  with  his  separation  from  the  Company.  The 
Company believes that  he accepted employment  with a competitor in contravention of these restrictive covenants and therefore  the 
Company  is  seeking  injunctive  relief,  declaratory  relief  and  damages.  The  Company  has  not  recognized  a  gain  contingency  in  the 
financial statements as of December 31, 2016. 

Assessment Related Activity 

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to participate 
in  assessments.  Currently  these  entities  and  organizations  include:  Florida  Insurance  Guaranty  Association  (“FIGA”),  Citizens 
Property  Insurance  Corporation  (“Citizens”),  FHCF,  Florida  Joint  Underwriters  Insurance  Association  (“JUA”),  Georgia  Insurers 
Insolvency Pool (“GIIP”), Special Insurance Fraud Fund (“SIIF”), Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plan (“FAIRP”), Georgia 
Automobile Insurance Plan (“GAIP”), Property Insurance Association of Louisiana (“PIAL”), Louisiana Automobile Insurance Plan 
(“LAIP”),  South  Carolina  Property  &  Casualty  Insurance  Guaranty  Association  (“SCPCIGA”),  Texas  Property  and  Casualty 
Insurance Guaranty Association (“TPCIGA”), Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (“TWIA”), Texas Automobile Insurance Plan 
Association  (“TAIPA”),  Alabama  Insurance  Guaranty  Association  (“AIGA”),  and  Alabama  Insurance  Underwriters  Association 
(“AIUA”). As a direct premium writer in Florida, we are required to participate in certain insurer solvency associations under Florida 
law, administered by FIGA. 

FNIC is also required to participate in an insurance apportionment plan under Florida law, which is referred to as a JUA Plan. 
The JUA Plan provides for the equitable apportionment of any profits realized, or losses and expenses incurred, among participating 
automobile insurers. In the event of an underwriting deficit incurred by the JUA Plan which is not recovered through the policyholders 
in the JUA Plan, such deficit shall be recovered from the companies participating in the JUA Plan in the proportion that the net direct 
written premiums of each such member during the preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate net direct premiums written in  this 
state by all members of the JUA Plan. FNIC was not assessed by the JUA Plan. 

Leases 

The Company is committed under various operating lease agreements for office space.  Rental expense for the years ended 
December  31,  2016,  2015  and  2014  was  $0.6  million,  $0.7  million  and  $0.5  million,  respectively.   As  of  December 31,  2016,  the 
future minimum lease payments under these agreements are as follows: 

Year Ended December 31, 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
Thereafter 
Total 

- 68 - 

Aggregate Minimum 
Lease Payments 
(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

 644 
 662 
 656 
 678 
 698 
 719 
 4,057 

  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
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10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Common Stock Repurchases 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

In March 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of common stock of FNHC, at such times 
and at prices as management determines advisable, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million through March 31, 2017. In November 2016, 
our  Board  of  Directors  authorized  a  program  to  repurchase  shares  of  common  stock  of  FNHC,  at  such  times  and  at  prices  as 
management  determines  advisable,  up  to  an  aggregate  of  $10.0  million  through  March  1,  2017.  Common  stock  repurchases are 
conducted in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of 
the  Company’s  capital  needs,  the  market  price  of  its  common  stock  and  general  market  conditions.  The  amount  and  timing  of  all 
repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. This program  may be 
modified, suspended or terminated by us at any time without notice. 

Pursuant to our Board of Directors’ authorizations, the Company repurchased 624,818 shares of its common stock at a total 

cost of $11.3 million, which is an average price per share of $19.23, during the year ended December 31, 2016. 

Stock Compensation Plan 

In  April  2012,  our  Board  of  Directors  adopted,  and  in  September  2012  our  shareholders  approved,  the  Company’s  2012 
Stock Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan permits the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock, subject to 
adjustment as provided for in the 2012 Plan, in connection with the grant of a variety of equity incentive awards, such as stock options 
and  restricted  stocks.  Officers,  directors,  executive  management  and  all  other  employees  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are 
eligible to participate in the 2012 Plan. Awards may be granted singly, in combination, or in tandem. The 2012 Plan will expire on 
April 5, 2022. 

Share-Based Compensation Expense 

The following table provides certain information in connection with the Company’s share-based compensation arrangements 

as follows: 

Restricted stock 
Stock options 

Total share-based compensation expense 

Intrinsic value of options exercised 
Fair value of restricted stock vested 

2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 3,831   $ 
 —  
 3,831   $ 

 2,930   $ 
 33  
 2,963   $ 

 13,732   $ 
 41,495   $ 

 1,124   $ 
 2,303   $ 

2014 

 1,525 
 135 
 1,660 

 5,172 
 549 

The intrinsic value of options exercised represents the difference between the stock option exercise  price and the weighted 

average closing stock price of FNHC common stock on the exercise dates, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market. 

The  unamortized  share-based  compensation  expense  is  $5.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  which  will  be 

recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of approximately 1.76 years. 

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Stock Option Awards 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 is as follows: 

Outstanding at January 1, 2014 
Granted 
Exercised 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 
Granted 
Exercised 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 
Granted 
Exercised 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 

Number of Shares 

Weighted Average 
Option 
Exercise Price 

 526,521   $ 
 —   $ 
 (302,735)   $ 
 (4,501)   $ 
 219,285   $ 
 —   $ 
 (44,652)   $ 
 —   $ 
 174,633   $ 
 —   $ 
 (94,249)   $ 
 (900)   $ 
 79,484   $ 

 4.56 
 — 
 5.13 
 3.49 
 3.79 
 — 
 3.81 
 — 
 3.79 
 — 
 3.85 
 4.40 
 3.70 

A  following  table  summarizes  information  about  stock  options  outstanding  and  exercisable  in  a  select  price  range  as  of 

December 31, 2016: 

  Weighted Average 

Remaining  

Shares Outstanding    Contractual Life    

Range of Exercise Price 
$2.45 - $4.40 

and Exercisable 
79,484 

(years) 
4.87 

Weighted Average  
Exercise Price 
3.70 

Aggregate 
 Intrinsic Value 
1,191,218 

Options Outstanding and Exercisable 

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Table of Contents 

Restricted Stock 

Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016,  2015  and  2014,  the  restricted  stock  awards  issued  have  been  granted  to 
executives, directors and other key employees. The shares granted typically vest in equal portions over three or five years. A summary 
of the Company’s restricted stock activity for the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 is as follows: 

Outstanding at January 1, 2014 
Granted 
Vested 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 
Granted 
Vested 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 
Granted 
Vested 
Cancelled 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 

Number of Shares 

Weighted Average 
Grant Date  
Fair Value 

 249,500   $ 
 268,648   $ 
 (68,988)   $ 
 (1,359)   $ 
 447,801   $ 
 116,140   $ 
 (145,134)   $ 
 —   $ 
 418,807   $ 
 128,472   $ 
 (204,916)   $ 
 (5,160)   $ 
 337,203   $ 

 8.24 
 22.50 
 7.96 
 8.29 
 16.84 
 27.53 
 15.87 
 — 
 20.14 
 19.16 
 20.25 
 20.58 
 19.69 

The weighted average grant date fair value is measured at the closing price of FNHC common stock on the grant date, as 

reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 

The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income during the years 

ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: 

Year Ended December 31, 

Before 
Tax 

2016 
Income 
Tax 

Net 

Before 
Tax 

(in thousands) 

2015 
Income 
Tax 

Net 

  $ 

 6,111   $ 
 1,774    

 (2,247)   $ 
 (470)    

 3,864   $   12,419   $ 
 1,305    

 (324)    

 (4,701)   $ 

 86    

 7,718 
 (238) 

 (4,560)    
 (2,786)    

 1,515    
 1,046    
 (1,199)   $ 

 (3,045)    
 (1,740)    

 2,124   $ 

 (5,984)    
 (6,308)    
 6,111   $ 

 2,368    
 2,454    
 (2,247)   $ 

 (3,616) 
 (3,854) 
 3,864 

Accumulated other comprehensive income,  

beginning  of period 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains included 

 in net (loss) income 

Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period    $ 

 3,323   $ 

11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN 

The  Company  sponsors  a  profit  sharing  plan  under  Section  401(K)  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code,  which  is  a  defined 
contribution  plan  that  allows  employees  to  defer  compensation  through  contributions  to  the  401(K)  Plan.   This  plan  covers 
substantially all employees who meet specified service requirements and includes a 100% match up to the first 6% of an employee’s 
salary,  not  to  exceed  statutory  limits.   Additionally,  the  Company  may  make  additional  profit-sharing  contributions. For  the  year 
ended December 31, 2016, there was no additional profit-sharing contribution. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company 
made an additional contribution of 1% of an employee’s salary. 

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Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

The Company’s total contributions to the 401(K) Plan were  $0.9 million, $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended 

December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The following is a summary of the related party transactions entered into by the Company for the years ended December 31, 

2016, 2015 and 2014. 

The  Company entered into catastrophe  excess of loss  and quota share  reinsurance agreements  with TransRe. For the years 
ended  December 31,  2016,  2015  and  2014,  the  Company  ceded  premiums  related  to  these  agreements  totaling  $5.0  million,  $4.3 
million and $1.2 million, respectively. In connection with Hurricane Matthew and the quota share agreements, we have ceded losses 
of $0.8 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 relating to these agreements. For the years ended 
December 31, 2014, there were no ceded losses relating to these agreements. 

Bruce  F.  Simberg,  the  Company’s  Chairman  of  the  Board,  is  a  partner  of  the  Hollywood,  Florida  law  firm  of  Conroy 
Simberg, which specializes in insurance defense and coverage matters. The Company paid legal fees to Conroy Simberg for services 
rendered in the amount of $72,198, $26,286, and $6,538 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. We 
believe that the fees charged for services provided by Conroy Simberg are on terms at least as favorable as those that we could secure 
from a non-affiliated law firm.  The firm has handled only a limited number of matters for the Company.  Mr. Simberg has not been 
personally  involved  in  any  of  the  legal  matters  handled  by  the  firm  for  the  Company  and  he  received  de  minimis  direct  personal 
benefit from the fees paid to the firm by the Company.   The matters handled by the firm for the Company as of December 31, 2016 
have been completed or are in the process of being completed, and the Company does not at this time anticipate retaining the firm for 
future matters. 

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid investment fees to Crosswinds AUM, LLC, a wholly 

owned subsidiary of Crosswinds, totaling $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. 

Refer to Note 7 for information relating to the debt owed to TransRe. 

13. EARNINGS PER SHARE 

The following table illustrates our computations of basic and diluted net income per share. 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands, except per share data) 

2016 

2014 

  $ 

 (196)   $ 

 40,885   $ 

 37,199 

 13,758  
 (0.01)   $ 

 13,729  

 2.98   $ 

 12,082 
 3.08 

  $ 

 13,758  
 -  

 13,729  
 268  

 13,758  
 (0.01)   $ 

 13,997  

 2.92   $ 

 12,082 
 356 

 12,438 
 2.99 

 0.27   $ 

 0.18   $ 

 0.13 

  $ 

  $ 

Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National Holding 

Company shareholders 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - 

 basic 

Net (loss) income per share - basic       

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - 

 basic 

Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - 

diluted 

Net (loss) income per share - diluted 

Dividends per share 

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Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

14. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY 

The  carrying amounts of Monarch Delaware, our consolidated VIE, assets,  which can only be used to settle obligations of 

Monarch Delaware, and liabilities of Monarch Delaware for which creditors do not have recourse are as follows: 

ASSETS 
Investments 

Debt securities, available-for-sale, at amortized cost 
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value 

Total investments 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 
Premiums receivable, net  
Other assets 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES 
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves 
Unearned premiums 
Reinsurance payable 
Debt 
Income taxes payable 
Other liabilities  

Total liabilities 

December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

 27,100   $ 

 1,604 
 28,704 

 15,668  
 1,070  
 1,584  
 1,910  
 48,936   $ 

 1,659   $ 
 8,406  
 864  
 4,909  
 —  
 1,026  
 16,864   $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 21,312 
 1,358 
 22,670 

 14,616 
 34 
 355 
 1,037 
 38,712 

 237 
 1,448 
 — 
 4,887 
 8 
 374 
 6,954 

15. STATUTORY ACCOUNTING AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS 

The Company’s insurance companies are subject to regulations and standards of the Florida OIR.  These standards require 
that  insurance  companies  prepare  statutory-basis  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  National  Association  of  Insurance 
Commissioners  Accounting  Practices  and  Procedures  Manual.   The  Company  did  not  use  any  prescribed  or  permitted  statutory 
accounting  practices  that  differed  from  the  National  Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners’  statutory  accounting  practices  as  of 
December 31, 2016. 

The Company’s insurance companies are required to report their risk-based capital (“RBC”) each December 31.  Failure to 
maintain  an  adequate  RBC  could  subject  the  Company  to  regulatory  action  and  could  restrict  the  payment  of  dividends.   As  of 
December 31, 2016, the RBC levels of the Company’s insurance companies did not subject them to any regulatory action. 

Additionally,  Florida  Statutes  require  the  Company’s  insurance  companies  to  maintain  specified  levels  of  statutory  capital 
and  restrict  the  timing  and  amount  of  dividends  and  other  distributions  that  may  be  paid  to  the  parent  company.   These  standards 
require  dividends  to  be  paid  only  from  statutory  unassigned  surplus.   The  maximum  dividend  that  may  be  paid  by  the  Company’s 
insurance companies to their parent company, without prior regulatory approval is limited to the lesser of statutory net income from 
operations  of  the  preceding  calendar  year,  not  including  realized  capital  gains,  plus  a  2-year  carryforward  or  10.0%  of  statutory 
unassigned surplus as of the preceding year end.  A dividend may also be taken without prior regulatory approval if (a) the dividend is 
equal  to  or  less  than  the  greater  of  (i)  Ten  percent  of  the  insurer’s  surplus  as  to  policyholders  derived  from  realized  net  operating 
profits  on  its  business  and  net  realized  capital  gains;  or  (ii)  the  insurer’s  entire  net  operating  profits  and  realized  net  capital  gains 
derived during the immediately preceding calendar year; (b) the insurer will have surplus as to policyholders equal to or exceeding 
115  percent  of  the  minimum  required  statutory  surplus  as  to  policyholders  after  the  dividend  or  distribution  is  made;  and  (c)  the 
insurer has filed notice with the office at least 10 business days prior to the dividend payment or distribution, or such shorter period of 
time as approved by the Florida OIR on a case-by-case basis.  These dividends are referred to as “ordinary dividends.”  However, if a 
dividend, together with other dividends paid within the preceding twelve months, exceeds this statutory limit or is paid from sources 
other than earned surplus, the entire dividend is generally considered an “extraordinary dividend” and must receive prior regulatory 
approval before such dividend can be paid. 

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Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued) 
December 31, 2016 

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, on a consolidated statutory basis, the  capital and surplus of the Company’s insurance 
companies  was  $172.1  million  and  $175.9  million,  respectively.   For  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  consolidated  statutory  net 
loss  of  the  Company’s  insurance  companies  was  $37.0  million.  For  the  years  ended  December 31,  2015,  and  2014,  consolidated 
statutory net income of the Company’s insurance companies was $23.9 million and $29.3 million, respectively.  Statutory capital and 
surplus significantly exceeds amounts necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements. 

16. QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) 

The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations: 

2016 
Net premiums earned 
Total revenue 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 
Total costs and expenses 
Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National Holding  
  Company shareholders 
Net (loss) income per share - basic 

2015 
Net premiums earned 
Total revenue 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses 
Total costs and expenses 
Net income attributable to Federated National Holding 
  Company shareholders 
Net income per share - basic 

17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

First 
Quarter 

Second 
Quarter 

Third 
Quarter 

Fourth 
Quarter 

(in thousands, except per share data) 

 54,997   $ 
 68,960   $ 
 29,545   $ 
 53,562   $ 

 60,045   $ 
 75,064   $ 
 47,025   $ 
 73,249   $ 

 69,405   $ 
 83,790   $ 
 43,613   $ 
 82,250   $ 

 75,425 
 88,570 
 67,158 
 104,590 

 9,535   $ 
 0.69   $ 

 991   $ 
 0.07   $ 

 1,394   $ 
 0.10   $ 

 (12,116) 
 (0.89) 

 44,786   $ 
 54,936   $ 
 23,949   $ 
 40,452   $ 

 49,227   $ 
 58,790   $ 
 23,149   $ 
 40,151   $ 

 62,286   $ 
 72,599   $ 
 28,412   $ 
 54,974   $ 

 53,721 
 63,568 
 28,843 
 49,123 

 9,284   $ 
 0.68   $ 

 11,734   $ 
 0.86   $ 

 10,593   $ 
 0.77   $ 

 9,274 
 0.67 

On March 1, 2017, the Company entered into a Reimbursement Contract with the State Board of Administration of Florida 

(“SBA”) for the 2017 – 2018 hurricane season. The SBA is the agency that administers the FHCF. The Contracts will reimburse FNIC 
and MNIC for covered property losses under their respective homeowners’ insurance policies resulting from hurricanes that cause 
damage in the State of Florida, from June 1, 2017 through May 31, 2018. 

On March 1, 2017, in connection with the Company’s review of its subsidiaries’ financial condition and capital resources as 
of the end of the 2016 fiscal year, the Company’s Board of Directors approved $25.0 million of capital to be transferred into FNIC 
from FNHC to support FNIC’s book of business and regulatory requirements. 

On March 10, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 million share buyback program to repurchase shares 
of common stock through  March 8, 2018.  The Company may repurchase shares in open market transactions or under Rule 10b5-1 
trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its 
common stock and general market conditions.  The Company will fund the share repurchase program with cash from operations. 

On March 13, 2017, we announced that the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.08 per share, which 

will be paid on June 1, 2017 to shareholders on record as of May 1, 2017. 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders  
Federated National Holding Company and Subsidiaries 

We have audited Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  subsidiaries’ 
management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  for  its  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over 
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on 
our audit.  
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those 
standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over 
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of 
internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. 
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the 
maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the 
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in 
accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect 
on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, Federated National Holding Company and subsidiaries  maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control 
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.  
We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the 
consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive 
income,  changes  in  shareholders'  equity  and  cash  flows  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016  and  2015,  of  Federated  National 
Holding Company and subsidiaries and our report dated March 16, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 
Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 16, 2017 

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ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE 

None 

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the 
reports  that  we  file  or  submit  under  the  Exchange  Act  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized,  and  reported  within  the  time  periods 
specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including 
our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer,  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions  regarding  required 
disclosures. 

As  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report,  we  carried  out  an  evaluation,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the 
participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures.  Based  on  that  evaluation,  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer 
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of 
changes in condition, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such 
term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our 
Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal  control 
over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. 

Based on the results of this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was 
effective as of December 31, 2016 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation 
of  financial  statements  for  external  reporting  purposes  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  We  reviewed  the  results  of  management’s 
assessment  with the  Company’s  Audit  Committee. Our  independent registered public accounting  firm that audited the consolidated 
financial  statements  include  in  this  Form  10-K,  Ernst  &  Young  LLP,  has  issued  an  attestation  report  on  the  effectiveness  of  our 
internal control over financial reporting which appears in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included on 
page 64 of this Form 10-K. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There  were  no  changes  in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  year  ended  December  31, 

2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Limitations on Effectiveness 

Our management and our audit committee do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over 
financial reporting will prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can 
provide  only reasonable,  not  absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives  will be  met. Further, the design  of the control 
system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. 
Because  of  the  inherent  limitations  in  all  control  systems,  no  evaluation  of  controls  can  provide  absolute  assurance  that  all  control 
gaps and instances of fraud have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments and decision-making 
can  be  faulty,  and  that  breakdowns  can  occur  because  of  simple  errors  or  mistakes.  Controls  can  also  be  circumvented  by  the 
individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any 
system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in 
achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. 

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION 

None. 

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ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our executive officers and directors as of March 14, 2017: 

Name 
Michael H. Braun (5) 

Erick A. Fernandez 

Bruce F Simberg (2)(3)(4)(5) 

Jenifer G. Kimbrough (1)(3)(4) 

Richard W. Wilcox Jr. (1)(3)(4) 

William G. Stewart (2)(4) 

Carl Dorf (1)(2)(4) 

Thomas A. Rogers (3)(4)(5) 

Age 
49 

38 

68 

45 

75 

68 

75 

65 

Position with the Company 
Chief Executive Officer, President, 
Class I Director 

Interim Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer 

Chairman of the Board, Class II Director 

Class I Director 

Lead Director, Class II Director 

Class II Director 

Class III Director 

Class III Director 

--------------------------------------- 
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

Audit Committee Member 
Investment Committee Member 
Compensation Committee Member 
Nominating Committee Member 
Business Development Committee Member 

Our Articles of Incorporation provide that our Board of Directors shall consist of three classes of directors, as nearly equal in 
number as possible, designated Class I, Class II and Class III, and provides that the exact number of directors comprising our Board of 
Directors  will  be  determined  from  time  to  time  by  resolution  adopted  by  the  Board.    At  each  annual  meeting  of  shareholders, 
successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting are elected for a three-year term.  The current term of the 
Class I directors terminates on the date of our 2019 annual meeting.  The current term of the Class II directors terminates on the date 
of our 2018 annual meeting and the current term of the Class III directors terminate as of the date of our 2017 annual meeting. 

The following is a brief description of the business experience of each director and executive officer of the Company. 

Michael H. Braun was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Company in July 2008, President in June 2009, elected to 
the Board of Directors in December 2005 and served as Chairman of the Board from March 2015 to January 2016.   Previously, Mr. 
Braun  was  Chief  Operating  Officer,  where  he  was  responsible  for  the  Company’s  day-to-day  operations  and  strategic  product 
portfolio.  Mr. Braun has also served as President of Federated National Insurance Company (“FNIC”), a subsidiary of the Company, 
since September 2003, a position that he continues to hold. Previously, he held key management positions within FNIC, responsible 
for operations, marketing and underwriting.  Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Braun was Managing Partner for an independent chain 
of insurance agencies, which was acquired by the Company in 1998.  Mr. Braun received a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Business 
Administration  from  the  State  University  of  New  York.   Mr.  Braun  does  not  serve  on  the  board  of  directors  of  any  other  SEC 
reporting company. 

Mr.  Braun’s  nearly  20-year  tenure  with  the  Company,  together  with  his  substantial  experience  in  all  aspects  of  insurance 
company  operations,  including  product  development,  strategy,  reinsurance  and  underwriting,  have  been  critical  to  the  Company’s 
growth in the Florida homeowners’ insurance market. 

Erick  A.  Fernandez  was  appointed  to  serve  as  the  Company’s  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer  on  June  20,  2016.   Mr. 
Fernandez joined the Company in January 2016 and was the Company’s Vice President, Corporate Accounting and Reporting, until 
his appointment as Interim Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Fernandez brings more than 15 years of experience in accounting, finance, 
financial  reporting  and  auditing.   Prior  to  joining  the  Company,  Mr.  Fernandez  worked  for  Verizon  Communications,  Inc.  in  that 
company’s Cloud and Datacenter segment as a Senior Director of Financial Planning and Analysis, responsible for strategic planning 
and  finance  operations.   From  June  2008  to June  2011, Mr.  Fernandez  held  various  finance  and  accounting  positions  at  Terremark 
Worldwide, Inc., including Senior Director of Accounting and External Reporting, Director of Budgeting and Reporting, and Director 
of SEC Reporting.  From September 2001 to June 2008, Mr. Fernandez worked for “Big 5” accounting firms, including as an Audit 
Manager  at  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  from  May  2002  to  June  2008.   Mr.  Fernandez  is  a  Certified  Public  Accountant  and  received  his 
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Bachelor’s degree in accounting and a Master’s of Business Administration from Florida International University. 

Mr. Fernandez  was appointed to his position following the resignation on June 20, 2016 by Peter J. Prygelski III from  his 

positions as a director and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company to pursue other opportunities. 

Bruce F. Simberg rejoined the Board on January 29, 2016, after serving as a director of the Company from January 1998 to 
March 2015. Mr. Simberg has been a practicing attorney since October 1975, most recently as managing partner of Conroy Simberg, 
P.A.  (“Conroy  Simberg”),  a  law  firm  in  Hollywood,  Florida,  since  October  1979.   Mr.  Simberg  received  his  Bachelors  of  Science 
degree  from  Emory  University  and  his  Juris  Doctor  from  the  University  of  Miami.   Mr.  Simberg  does  not  serve  on  the  board  of 
directors of any other SEC reporting company. 

Mr. Simberg has significant historical knowledge and understanding of the Company’s development, as  well as significant 

experience in insurance-related and other litigation and risk assessment matters. 

Jenifer  G.  Kimbrough has  served  as  a  director  of  the  Company  since  April  2009.   Ms.  Kimbrough  serves  as  Managing 
Director,  Chief  Financial  Officer  at  Oakworth  Capital  Bank  since  October  2015,  prior  to  which  Ms.  Kimbrough  was  the  Vice 
President of Compliance and Audit for Surgical  Care  Affiliates from March 2010 to October 2015.  Prior to 2010, Ms. Kimbrough 
served as the Vice President of Assurance and Process Improvement. Prior to 2007, Ms. Kimbrough was the Senior Vice President of 
Investor Relations at Regions Financial Corporation.  From 1993 to 2003, Ms. Kimbrough served as an Audit Senior Manager at Ernst 
& Young LLP.  Ms. Kimbrough received her certification as a Certified Public Accountant (“CPA”) from the Alabama State Board of 
Public Accountancy in 1994 and obtained a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Commerce & Business Administration (Accounting) fro m 
The University of  Alabama in 1993.  Ms.  Kimbrough is a member of several professional societies,  including:  American Woman’s 
Society of Certified Public Accountants (“AWSCPA”), Alabama State Society of Certified Public Accountants and American Institute 
of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”).  Additionally, she served on the AICPA Women’s Initiative Executive Committee and as 
National President of the AWSCPA and serves in various volunteer leadership capacities.  Ms. Kimbrough does not serve on the board 
of directors of any other SEC reporting company. 

Ms.  Kimbrough  brings  her  significant  knowledge  in  compliance  and  audit,  from  both  the  issuer’s  perspective  and  the 

auditor’s perspective, to the Company and the Board. 

Richard W. Wilcox Jr. has served as a director of the Company since January 2003.  Mr. Wilcox has been in the insurance 
industry  for  more  than  40  years.   In  1963,  Mr.  Wilcox purchased  an  insurance  agency  that  he  grew  into  a  business  generating  $10 
million in annual revenue.  In 1991, Mr. Wilcox sold his agency to Hilb, Rogal and Hamilton Company (“HRH”) of Fort Lauderdale, 
for which he retained the position of President through 1998.  In 1998, HRH of Fort Lauderdale merged with Poe and Brown of Fort 
Lauderdale,  and  Mr.  Wilcox  served  as  the  Vice  President  of  Poe  and  Brown  until  1999,  when  he  retired.   Mr.  Wilcox  holds  CIC 
designation as a member of the Society of Certified Insurance Counselors.  Mr. Wilcox also holds an Advanced Professional Director 
Certification  from  the  American  College  of  Corporate  Directors,  a  national  public  company  director  education  and  credentialing 
organization.  Mr. Wilcox does not serve on the board of directors of any other SEC reporting company. 

Mr. Wilcox’s  substantial experience  with insurance agency operations, his overall  knowledge  of the  insurance industry, as 

well as his historical knowledge of the Company, are considered to be valuable expertise for the Board. 

William G. Stewart has served as a director of the Company since October 1, 2015. Mr. Stewart has significant experience 
in administration and investment management. He has served as the Deputy Secretary of Administration for the State of Maryland, 
Department  of  Public  Safety  and  Correctional  Services,  since  February  2015.    From  2003  to  2007,  Mr.  Stewart  was  an  Assistant 
Secretary  for  Administration/Business  Services  and  an  Acting  Deputy  Secretary  for  the  State  of  Maryland,  Department  of  Juvenile 
Services.  He  has  more  than  35  years’  experience  in  the  securities  industry,  including  as  a  Senior  Consultant  at  Asset  Strategy 
Consultants,  an  investment  management  consulting  firm,  from  2007  to  2015,  and  as  a  senior  executive  officer  and  registered 
representative at Mercantile Capital Advisors, Inc. from 2000 to 2002, and at BT Alex. Brown Incorporated and Alex. Brown & Sons 
Incorporated from 1973 to 1999. Mr. Stewart received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University and a Masters of Business 
Administration from the University of Virginia Graduate School of Business Administration.  Mr. Stewart does not serve on the board 
of directors of any other SEC reporting company. 

Mr. Stewart’s significant experience in administration and investment management provides the Board with greater depth of 

knowledge regarding management of the Company’s investment portfolio.  

Carl Dorf has served as a director of the Company since August 2001.  Mr. Dorf has over 40 years of diversified investment 
experience as a security analyst, portfolio manager, mutual fund manager and hedge fund manager.  He earned the Chartered Financial 
Analyst (CFA) designation and in the past served as director of the Los Angeles Society of Security Analysts.  Since April 2001, Mr. 
Dorf  has  been  the  principal  of  Dorf  Asset  Management,  LLC,  and  is  responsible  for  all  investment  decisions  made  by  that 
company.  From January 1991 to February 2001, Mr. Dorf served as the Fund Manager of ING Pilgrim Bank and Thrift Fund.  Prior 
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to his experience at Pilgrim, Mr. Dorf was a principal in Dorf & Associates, an investment management company.  Mr. Dorf has a 
Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration, with a minor in accounting, and a Master’s of Business Administration in finance from 
the Bernard Baruch School of Business and Public Administration, The City College of New York.  Mr. Dorf does not serve on the 
board of directors of any other SEC reporting company. 

The  Board  believes  that  Mr.  Dorf’s  significant  knowledge  and  experience  in  investments  and  financial  instruments,  in 

addition to his long tenure on the Board, are important additions to the Board. 

Thomas  A.  Rogers  has  served  as  a  director  of  the  Company  since  October  1,  2015. Mr.  Rogers  has  more  than  40  years’ 
experience in the reinsurance industry, including 22 years serving in senior executive officer positions with Aon Benfield Inc. until his 
retirement in 2014 as its Vice Chairman. Prior to Aon Benfield, Mr. Rogers spent 18 years with both reinsurance underwriting  and 
intermediary companies and specialized in the development and management of specialized property and casualty lines. Mr. Rogers 
received his Bachelors of Science degree from Drexel University.  Mr. Rogers does not serve on the board of directors of any other 
SEC reporting company. 

Mr. Rogers’ significant knowledge of reinsurance underwriting, including day-to-day insurance operations, and in specialized 
property and casualty lines provides the Board with expertise that is highly relevant to the Company’s current operations and that will 
be beneficial in connection with possible future expansion of the Company’s business lines. 

Corporate Governance Update 

The Company has experienced significant growth, both in revenues and market capitalization, in recent years.  The Board of 
Directors has received feedback from shareholders and others regarding certain provisions of the Company’s articles of incorporation 
and  bylaws,  which  reflect  anti-takeover  provisions  that  were  typical  when  the  Company  first  became  publicly  traded  in  1998  and 
which have fallen out of favor with investors.  With that feedback in mind, and being cognizant of the Company’s recent growth, the 
Board of Directors has undertaken a comprehensive review of our Company’s corporate governance, including the Company’s articles 
of incorporation and bylaws, in order to assure strong Board accountability and effective shareholder rights policies.  This review was 
done  in  conjunction  with  a  review  by  our  Compensation  Committee  of  our  executive  compensation  practices,  which  resulted  in 
significant  updates  to  our  executive  compensation  practices  as  described  more  fully  below  under  the  caption  “Compensation 
Discussion and Analysis.”  The Board believes that certain of the Company’s current corporate governance practices and provisions of 
its  articles  and  bylaws  are  consistent  with  those  of  a  public  company  that  is  a  comparable  size  to  the  Company  and  that  is  in  the 
Company’s industry, and are in the best interests of its shareholders.  Still, the Board agrees that updating of the Company’s corporate 
governance practices are advisable now and has approved the following actions: 

  The  Board  added  two  new  independent  directors  in  2015,  with  the  result  that  six  of  the  seven  Board  members  are 

independent. 

  The Board separated the roles of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer with Bruce F. Simberg’s return to 

the Board. 

  The  Board  has  amended  the  Company’s  bylaws  to  implement  a  majority  voting  standard  for  uncontested  elections  of 

directors. 

  The  Board  approved  increasing  the  frequency  of  the  shareholder  vote  on  executive  compensation  (“say-on-pay”)  to 

occur annually, with which the shareholders concurred in the 2016 say-on-pay frequency vote; 

  The  Board  proposed  and  received  shareholder  approval  to  amend  the  Company’s  articles  and  bylaws  to  reduce  the 
supermajority  requirement  (66-2/3%  of  the  shares  outstanding)  to  amend  certain  provisions  to  a  majority  of  shares 
outstanding. 

  The  Board  proposed  and  received  shareholder  approval  to  amend  the  Company’s  articles  and  bylaws  to  reduce  the 

percentage of shares required to call a special meeting from 33% to 25%. 

  The  Board  approved  stock  ownership  and  retention  guidelines  applicable  to  our  directors,  in  addition  to  our  Chief 
Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer.   Under  these  guidelines,  our  outside,  non-employee  directors  are  each 
required  to  hold  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  with  a  value  of  at  least  four  times  the  annual  retainer.   The 
guidelines  further  provide  that  the  outside  directors  should  achieve  the  guideline  amounts  within  five  years  of  the 
policy’s adoption and, until the guideline amounts are achieved, our directors must retain 66-2/3% of any shares received 
as equity grants from the Company, net of shares withheld or sold to pay taxes. 

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  The Board prohibited directors and executive officers from hedging or pledging the Company’s common stock, without 

exception. 

  The  Board  adopted  corporate  governance  guidelines,  which  update,  consolidate  and  memorialize  the  corporate 

governance practices followed by the Board and the Company. 

The Board believes that these steps are all significant steps forward as the Company continues its growth. 

Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight 

The Chairman of the Board is elected by the members of the Board and typically presides at all meetings of the Board.  Bruce 
F. Simberg currently serves as our Chairman, a position he has held since 1998 other than a brief hiatus from March 2015 to January 
2016.    Richard  W.  Wilcox  Jr.,  an  independent  member  of  the  Board  since  2003,  served  as  the  Board’s  Lead  Independent  Director 
during that hiatus and continues to hold that position in recognition of his significant knowledge of the Company’s history, growth and 
operations.  The responsibilities of the Company’s Chairman of the Board are: (i) presiding at all meetings of the Board (with the Lead 
Independent Director presiding at meetings where the Chairman is not present), including presiding at executive sessions of the Board 
(without  management  present)  at  every  regularly  scheduled  Board  meeting,  (ii)  serving  as  a  liaison  between  management  and  the 
independent directors, (iii) providing input regarding meeting agendas, time schedules and other information provided to the Board, 
and  (iv)  being  available  for  direct  communication  and  consultation  with  major  shareholders,  as  appropriate,  upon  request.  Our 
Chairman  also  has  the  authority  to  call  meetings  of  the  independent  directors.  The  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  currently  the  only 
member of management on the Board. 

The Company believes that its Board as a whole should encompass a diverse range of talents, skills, perspectives, and experiences, 
enabling it to provide sound guidance with respect to the Company's operations and interests. The Company's policy is to have at least 
a  majority  of  directors  qualify  as  independent  as  defined  by  the  listing  and  maintenance  rules  of  The  Nasdaq  Stock  Market  (the 
“Nasdaq  Rules”).   The  Nominating  Committee  identifies  candidates  for  election  to  the  Board  of  Directors;  reviews  their  skills, 
characteristics  and  experience;  and  recommends  nominees  for  director  to  the  Board  for  approval.  The  Nominating  Committee's 
Charter provides that the Board of Directors as a whole should be balanced and diverse, and consist of individuals with various and 
relevant career experience, relevant technical skills, industry knowledge and experience, financial expertise and local or community 
ties.  Minimum individual requirements include strength of character, mature judgment, familiarity with the Company's business and 
industry, independence of thought and an ability to work collegially.  The Board believes that the qualifications of the directors, as set 
forth in their biographies above provide them with the qualifications and skills to serve as a director of our Company  

Board Self-Assessment Process 

The Board believes that ongoing self-assessment is important to strengthening its performance and fulfilling its role on behalf 
of  the  Company’s  shareholders.   To  that  end,  the  Board  conducts  an  annual  evaluation  process  that  begins  by  asking  each  Board 
member  to  complete  a  comprehensive  evaluation  form  that  addresses  the  Board’s  overall  performance  and  a  self-evaluation  of  the 
individual  director’s  performance. Overall  Board  performance  is  evaluated  based  on,  among  other  things,  the  conduct  of  Board 
meetings,  the  composition  of  the  Board,  the  quality  of  information  provided  to  the  Board,  Board  effectiveness,  and  access  to 
management.   Individual  performance  is  evaluated  to  determine,  among  other  things,  whether  the  director  continues  to  be  able  to 
devote  the  necessary  time  to  Board  and  committee  matters,  whether  the  director’s  skills  are  best  utilized,  and  whether  the  director 
contributes to Board decision making.  In addition, the Audit Committee conducts an annual evaluation of its performance, including a 
review of the effectiveness of its processes, the composition of the Committee, the Committee’s interactions with management and the 
Company’s auditors, and the Committee members’ understanding of the Company’s risks, controls and compliance.  These evaluation 
forms are reviewed by the Chairman of the Board or the Audit Committee, and by the entire Board or Committee, and are discussed in 
detail at a Board or Audit Committee meeting, as applicable. 

Board Continuing Education 

The  Company  encourages  its  directors  to  remain  current  in  corporate  governance,  compliance  and  industry  topics  facing 
publicly traded insurance companies such as the Company.  In that regard, the Company provides directors  with the opportunity  to 
attend seminars and conferences on director education, board leadership, current issues facing the insurance industry generally and the 
Florida insurance market in particular, governance, risk management and other subjects of interest to Board members and relevant to 
the Company.  Certain of our directors also obtain significant continuing education relevant to the Company in connection with their 
professional licenses and certifications in accounting, finance and law. 

Corporate Governance Guidelines 

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, which have updated, consolidated and memorialized the corporate 
governance  practices  followed  by  the  Board  and  the  Company.   Among  other  things,  the  guidelines  address  the  following  matters 
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relating to the Board and its committees: 

  Director qualifications generally and guidelines on the composition of the Board and its committees; 

  Director responsibilities and the standards for carrying out such responsibilities; 

  Board membership criteria; 

  Board committee requirements; 

  Director compensation; 

  Director access to management and independent advisors; 

  Director orientation and continuing education requirements; and 

  CEO evaluation, management succession and CEO compensation. 

The Corporate Governance Guidelines are reviewed at least annually by the Board. 

Risk Oversight 

The  Board’s  role  in  connection  with  risk  oversight  is  to  oversee  and  monitor  the  management  of  risk  practiced  by  the 
Company’s  management  in  the  performance  of  their  duties.   The  Board  does  this  in  a  number  of  ways,  principally  through  the 
oversight  responsibility  of  committees  of  the  Board,  but  also  as  part  of  the  strategic  planning  process.  For  example,  our  Audit 
Committee  oversees  management  of  risks  related  to  accounting,  auditing  and  financial  reporting,  maintaining  effective  internal 
controls over financial reporting, and information security and technology risks. Our Nominating Committee oversees risk associated 
with corporate governance and the Company’s code of conduct, including compliance with listing standards for independent directors 
and  conflicts  of  interest.   Our  Compensation  Committee  oversees  the  risk  related  to  our  executive  compensation  plans  and 
arrangements.   Our  Investment  Committee  oversees  the  risks  related  to  managing  our  investment  portfolio.   Our  Directors 
Compensation Committee has been responsible for reviewing and recommending our non-employee director compensation plans and 
arrangements.  The full Board receives reports on a regular basis regarding each committee’s oversight from the chairperson of each 
committee  when  reporting  on  their  committee’s  actions  at  regular  Board  meetings,  as  well  as  overseeing  the  development  and 
implementation of strategic initiatives. 

Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors 

During 2016, the Board of Directors held 11 regular meetings, seven special meetings and took actions by written consent on 
four occasions. During 2016, no director attended fewer than 75% of the Board and committee meetings held during this period.  The 
Board  of  Directors  encourages,  but  does  not  require,  its  directors  to  attend  the  Company’s  annual  meeting.   Last  year,  the  seven 
directors that constituted the entire Board at the time attended our annual meeting. 

The Board has determined that the following directors continue to be independent pursuant to the Nasdaq Rules applicable to 
the  Company:   Bruce  F.  Simberg,  Carl  Dorf,  Richard  W.  Wilcox  Jr.,  Jenifer  G.  Kimbrough,  William  G.  Stewart  and  Thomas  A. 
Rogers. 

The independent directors of the Board also meet in executive sessions without management present. These sessions, which 
generally  occur  at  every  regularly  scheduled  Board  meeting,  are  led  by  the  Chairman.  Executive  sessions  allow  the  independent 
directors to discuss, among other issues, management performance and compensation. 

To  facilitate  the  Board’s  oversight  functions  and  to  take  advantage  of  the  knowledge  and  experience  of  its  members,  the 
Board has created several standing committees.  These committees, the Audit, Investment, Nominating, Compensation and Business 
Development committees, allow regular risk oversight and  monitoring, and deeper analysis of issues before  the Board.  The Audit, 
Compensation, Investment and Nominating committees are composed exclusively of independent directors.  The membership of the 
standing committees is reviewed  from time  to time, and specific committee  assignments are  proposed and appointed by the Board. 
Each committee holds regularly scheduled meetings and confers between regularly scheduled meetings as needed. 

Charters for the Audit, Compensation and Nominating committees, and the Corporate Governance Guidelines, are available 
upon the Company’s website at www.fednat.com and are also available in print to any shareholder upon request from our Corporate 
Secretary. 

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Audit Committee.  As of December 31, 2016, the Audit Committee was composed of Jenifer G. Kimbrough, who served as 
the  Chair,  Richard  W.  Wilcox  Jr.  and  Carl  Dorf.   Each  member  was  determined  to  be  “independent”  as  defined  under  the  Nasdaq 
Rules  applicable  to  the  Company  and  SEC  rules  for  Audit  Committee  membership.   Ms.  Kimbrough,  who  is  a  Certified  Public 
Accountant, was designated as a “financial expert” as that term is defined in the applicable rules and regulations of the Exchange Act 
based on her understanding of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and financial statements; her ability to assess 
the  general  application  of  GAAP  in  connection  with  the  accounting  for  estimates,  accruals  and  reserves;  her  experience  preparing, 
auditing,  analyzing  and  evaluating  financial  statements  that  present  a  breadth  and  level  of  complexity  of  accounting  issues  that  are 
generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial 
statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; her understanding of internal controls 
and procedures for financial reporting; and her understanding of audit committee functions.  The Audit Committee held four regular 
meetings in fiscal 2016 and one special meeting. 

Pursuant to its written charter, the duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee include, but are not limited to, (a) the 
appointment  of  the  independent  certified  public  accountants  and  any  termination  of  such  engagement,  (b)  reviewing  the  plan  and 
scope  of  independent  audits,  (c)  reviewing  significant  accounting  and  reporting  policies  and  operating  controls,  (d)  having  general 
responsibility for all related auditing and financial statement matters, and (e) reporting its recommendations and findings to the full 
Board of Directors.  The Audit Committee pre-approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the fees and 
terms thereof) to be performed by the independent accountants, subject to the  de minimis exceptions for non-audit services described 
in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act that are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit. 

To  ensure  prompt  handling  of  unexpected  matters,  the  Audit  Committee  delegates  to  the  Chair  the  authority  to  amend  or 
modify the list of approved permissible non-audit services and fees. The Chair will report action taken to the Audit Committee at the 
next committee  meeting. The Chief  Financial  Officer is responsible  for tracking all  independent auditor  fees against  the  budget for 
such services and reports at least annually to the Audit Committee. 

Compensation Committee.  As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s Compensation Committee was composed of Jenifer G. 
Kimbrough,  Bruce  F.  Simberg,  Thomas  A.  Rogers  and  Richard  W.  Wilcox  Jr.   Each  member  is  independent  as  defined  by  the 
NASDAQ  Rules.   The  Compensation  Committee  performs  the  duties  and  responsibilities  pursuant  to  its  charter,  which  includes 
reviewing and approving the compensation of the Company's executive officers.  Mr. Wilcox serves as the Chairman.  During fiscal 
2016, the Compensation Committee held one regular meeting and eight special meetings. For 2017, the members of the Compensation 
Committee will be Jenifer G. Kimbrough, Thomas A. Rogers and Richard W. Wilcox Jr. 

For the 2016 fiscal year, the Compensation Committee engaged the independent executive compensation consulting firm of 
Meridian  Compensation  Partners,  LLC  (“Meridian”)  to  review  the  structure  and  competitiveness  of  the  Company’s  executive  and 
director compensation for 2016.  Meridian provides no other services to the Company other than those directly to the Compensation 
Committee relating to executive and director compensation.  Meridian attends meetings of the Compensation Committee at the request 
of  the  committee,  meets  with  the  Compensation  Committee  in  executive  sessions  without  the  presence  of  management,  and 
communicates with the Chairman of the Compensation Committee with respect to emerging issues. 

The Compensation Committee Chairman and certain Company officials furnished Meridian with information concerning the 
compensation  of  its  executives  and  copies  of  their  employment  contracts.   After  review,  Meridian  provided  the  Compensation 
Committee  with  a  detailed  report  concerning  its  current  and  future  executive compensation  program  along  with  observations  of 
comparable companies.  The Compensation Committee met with a representative of Meridian to review and discuss their findings and 
recommendations.  The Compensation Committee may use  the services of Meridian or other comparable companies in the future to 
assist it in providing a fair and competitive compensation plan for its executives. 

Nominating  Committee.   As  of  December  31,  2016,  the  Company’s  Nominating  Committee  was  composed  of  Jenifer  G. 
Kimbrough,  Carl  Dorf,  Richard  W.  Wilcox  Jr., Bruce  F.  Simberg,  Thomas  A.  Rogers  and  William  G.  Stewart.   Each  member  is 
independent as defined by the NASDAQ Rules.  During fiscal 2016, the Nominating Committee held two regular meetings. For 2017, 
the members of the Nominating Committee will be Jenifer G. Kimbrough, Carl Dorf, Richard W. Wilcox Jr., Thomas A. Rogers and 
William G. Stewart. 

In recommending proposed nominees to the full Board, the Nominating Committee is charged with building and maintaining 
a Board that has an ideal mix of talent and experience to achieve the Company’s business objectives.  In particular, the Nominating 
Committee considers all aspects of a candidate’s qualifications in the context of the needs of the Company at that point in time with a 
view to creating a Board with a diversity of experience and perspectives.  Among the qualifications, qualities and skills of a candidate 
considered  important  by  the  Nominating  Committee  is  a  person  with  strength  of  character,  mature  judgment,  familiarity  with  the 
Company’s business and industry, independence of thought and an ability to work collegially.  The Nominating Committee considers 
diversity, together with these other factors, when evaluating candidates, but does not have a specific policy in place with respect to 
diversity. 

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The  Nominating  Committee  will  consider  candidates  for  director  who  are  recommended  by  its  members,  by  other  Board 
members and by management of the Company and who have the experience and skill set best suited to benefit the Company and its 
shareholders.  The Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by our shareholders if the shareholder submits the 
nomination  in  compliance  with  the  advance  notice,  information  and  other  requirements  described  in  our  bylaws  and  applicable 
securities  laws.   The  Nominating  Committee  evaluates  director  candidates  recommended  by  shareholders  in  the  same  way  that  it 
evaluates candidates recommended by its members, other members of the Board, or other persons. 

Shareholders  who  wish  to  recommend  nominees  to  the  Nominating  Committee  should  submit  their  recommendation  in 
writing to the Secretary of the Company at its executive offices pursuant to the requirements contained in Article III, Section 13 of the 
Company’s  Bylaws.   This  section  provides  that  the  notice  shall  include:  (a)   as  to  each  person  who  the  shareholder  proposed  to 
nominate for election, (i) name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment 
of the person, (iii) the class and number of shares of capital stock of the Company which are beneficially owned by the person, (iv) the 
consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the Company if so elected and (v) any other information relating to the person that is 
required to be disclosed in solicitation for proxies for the election of directors pursuant to Rule 14A under the Exchange Act; and (b) 
as  to  the  shareholder  giving  the  notice,  the  name  and  record  address  of  the  shareholder,  and  (ii)  the  class  and  number  of  shares  of 
capital stock of the Company which are beneficially owned by the shareholder.  The Company may require any proposed nominee to 
furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Company to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee 
to  serve  as  a  director  of  the  Company.   To  be  timely,  a  shareholder’s  notice  shall  be  delivered  to  or  mailed  and  received  at  the 
Company’s principal executive offices not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the meeting.  If we give less than 70 days’ 
notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting date, however, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received 
not later than the close of business on the tenth day following either the date we publicly announce the date of our annual meeting or 
the date of mailing of the notice of the meeting, whichever first occurs. 

Investment  Committee.   As  of  December  31,  2016,  the  Company’s  Investment  Committee  was  composed  of  Carl  Dorf, 
Bruce  F.  Simberg  and  William  G.  Stewart.   The  Investment  Committee  manages  our  investment  portfolio  pursuant  to  its  adopted 
Investment  Policy  Statement.   Mr.  Dorf  serves  as  the  Chairman.   During  fiscal  2016,  the  Investment  Committee  held  five  regular 
meetings. 

Business  Development  Committee.   As  of  December  31,  2016,  the  Company’s  Business  Development  Committee  was 
composed of Thomas A. Rogers, Michael H. Braun and Bruce F. Simberg.  The Business Development Committee provides advice, 
oversight and guidance both to management of the Company  and to the Board on matters involving the Company’s development of 
programs and projects, and acquisitions of new technologies or products and other business opportunities of strategic importance to 
the  Company.   Mr.  Rogers  serves  as  the  Chairman.    During  fiscal  2016,  the  Business  Development  Committee  held  four  regular 
meetings. 

Code of Conduct 

We  have  adopted  a  Code  of  Conduct  for  all  employees,  officers  and  directors  of  the  Company.   A  copy  of  our  Code  of 

Conduct is available on our web site at www.fednat.com.  

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance 

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that our executive officers, directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a 

registered class of our equity securities to file reports of beneficial ownership and certain changes in beneficial ownership with the 
SEC and to furnish us with copies of those reports. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished 
to us or written representations that no other reports were required, we believe that during the year ended December 31, 2016, our 
officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders timely filed all reports required by Section 16(a). 

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ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

The following Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the components and objectives of the Company’s executive 
compensation  program  for  fiscal  2016  for  our  “Named  Executive  Officers,”  describes  the  process  through  which  the  decisions 
regarding executive compensation have been made, and describes the results of this decision-making process.  Our Named Executive 
Officers  for  fiscal  2016  were  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  President,  our  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  our  former  Chief 
Financial  Officer.    The  following  Compensation  Discussion  and  Analysis  reflects  the  compensation  paid  to  our  Named  Executive 
Officers for fiscal 2016 and the Compensation Committee’s decisions with respect to the compensation for fiscal 2017 for the  Named 
Executive Officers. 

Philosophy of the Company’s Executive Compensation Programs 

The  Compensation  Committee  of the  Board is responsible  for establishing, implementing and  monitoring adherence to the 
Company’s compensation philosophy and  oversees our compensation programs for our Named Executive Officers.  With respect to 
executive  compensation,  the  Compensation  Committee’s  primary  goals  are  to  attract  and  retain  the  most  qualified,  knowledgeable, 
dedicated and seasoned executives possible; provide challenging but attainable goals by which to measure performance; reward them 
for their contributions to the development of the Company’s business; and align the executives’ compensation and incentives with the 
Company’s performance and the interests of our shareholders.  The Compensation Committee also endeavors, while compensating our 
Named  Executive  Officers  for  their  performance,  to  structure  the  Company’s  compensation  programs  so  as  to  not  encourage 
unnecessary  or  excessive  risk-taking.   The  Compensation  Committee  believes  that  crafting  incentives  so  as  to  not  encourage 
unnecessary or excessive risk taking is especially important in the homeowners’ insurance industry in the Company’s home state of 
Florida. 

The  Compensation  Committee  is  committed  to  ensuring  our  compensation  programs  are  strongly  aligned  with  the 
Company’s  long-term  business  strategy.  The  Committee  seeks  to  continuously  and  rigorously  evaluate  its  compensation  plans  to 
reflect strong governance practices and shareholder feedback. 

What We Do Not Do 
x  No change-in-control excise tax gross-ups. 

x  No tax gross-ups on perquisites. 

x  No excessive perquisites. 

x  No hedging or pledging of the Company’s common stock. 

x  No option repricing without shareholder approval. 

What We Do 

  Established long-term performance-based criteria for the 
equity awards to our Chief Executive Officer,  which for 
2017 will constitute 50% of his total incentive award. 
Implemented  a  clawback  policy  that  allows  for  the 
recovery  of  previously  paid  incentive  compensation  in 
the event of a restatement of our financial statements. 
  Established stock ownership and retention guidelines for 

 

our executive officers and directors. 

  Conducted  robust  shareholder  outreach  program 

in 
response  to  our  2016  say-on-pay  vote  to  solicit  investor 
feedback on compensation plan design and disclosure. 
  Amended  our  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  employment 
agreement  to  require  a  “double trigger”  for the payment 
of  change-in-control  payments  to  him,  meaning  that 
payments  will  not  be  triggered  without  a  qualifying 
termination following a change in control, and to provide 
that his change in control payment would be based on the 
average  of  the  preceding  three  years’  actual  bonuses 
earned. 

The Company’s 2016 Performance   

The  Company’s  financial  results  for  2016  reflect  the  impact  of  several  severe  weather  events  and  other  challenges  in  the 
Company’s  operating  environment,  such  as  the  continuing  frequency  of  the  assignment  of  benefits  by  insureds  to  third  parties.  
Nevertheless,  the  Company  achieved  significant  accomplishments  during  2016  that  the  Company  believes  will  result  in  increased 
shareholder value, such as: 

 

22.6%  increase  in  gross  written  premiums  to  $605.5  million,  reflecting  market  share  growth  in  our  homeowners’  and 
personal automobile lines of business;  

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 

 

 

9.8% increase in Florida homeowners’ policies to approximately 279,000; 

26.6% increase in total revenue to $316.4 million; 

$47.6 million increase in gross written premium of our personal automobile line of business to $69.5 million; 

  Continued development of our partnerships to expand the policies we write, including our agreement with Allstate, and 

our new agreement with GEICO; 

 

Increases in the Company’s dividend from $0.05 per share beginning December 1, 2015, to $0.06 per share beginning 
June 1, 2016 and to $0.08 per share beginning December 1, 2016; and 

  Approval of an average statewide rate increase of 5.6% in effect since August 1, 2016, with another rate increase of 6.5% 

to be effective August 1, 2017 pending.   

Coupled  with those accomplishments,  however,  were the  significant  increase in losses  from  multiple  weather events,  most 
particularly  Hurricane  Matthew,  which  impacted  Florida  and  South  Carolina  in  October  2016,  and  the  inflated  costs  of  handling 
homeowners’ claims in Florida, primarily as a result of the growth of assignment of benefits by insureds.  The Company anticipates 
that its approved and pending rate increases should gradually offset the increased costs associated with assignment of benefits claims.  
In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2016,  the  Company  recorded  for  Hurricane  Matthew  $47.0  million  of  gross  claims,  which  represented  a 
decrease from the initial estimate of $77.5 million, and $21.4 million of claims, net of reinsurance.  The Company also increased its 
total loss reserves by $30.6 million during the quarter, which increased the Company’s total loss reserves at December 31, 2016 to 
$158.1 million.  The foregoing resulted in a net loss of $0.2 million or $(0.01) per undiluted share for the year ended December 31. 
2016. 

Results of Our Evaluations 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  Compensation  Committee’s  2016  compensation  decisions  for  our  Named  Executive 
Officers, consistent with how the Compensation Committee views total compensation.  The Compensation Committee reached these 
compensation decisions based on its evaluation of performance relative to the incentive criteria established at the beginning of 2016 as 
described below.  For comparative purposes, the table also presents 2015 and 2014 compensation decisions for our Named Executive 
Officers.   While  the  table  below  summarizes  how  the  Compensation  Committee  views  compensation,  it  is  not  a  substitute  for  the 
tables  and  disclosures  required  by  the  SEC’s  rules,  which  begin  on  page  90.   Further  detail  on  how  individual  pay  decisions  were 
made and descriptions of the elements of compensation can be found following this table. 

Named Executive Officer 

Michael H. Braun, CEO and 
President 

Peter J. Prygelski III, CFO & 
Treasurer (1) 

Erick A. Fernandez, Interim CFO 
and Treasurer (2) 

Base Salary  
Rate 

Annual  
Incentive  
Awards 

Long-term  
Incentive  
Awards 

Total  
Compensation 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

   $ 

1,000,000       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

600,000       $ 

1,200,000       $ 

1,200,000       $ 

475,000       $ 

950,000       $ 

1,293,000       $ 

325,000       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

1,000,000   

3,000,000   

2,693,300   

325,000   

325,000       $ 

487,500       $ 

243,750       $ 

1,056,250   

300,000       $ 

450,000       $ 

0       $ 

212,000       $ 

30,000       $ 

63,228       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

0       $ 

750,000   

305,228   

0   

0   

Year 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2016 

2015 

2014 

(1)  Mr. Prygelski separated from the Company in June 2016. 
(2)  Mr. Fernandez became the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in June 2016. The annual incentive award 
for Mr. Fernandez was paid pursuant to a bonus agreement entered into prior to his appointment as the Interim Chief Financial 
Officer. The long-term incentive award consists of restricted stock vesting over three years that was granted to him also prior to his 
appointment as Interim Chief Financial Officer. 

Shareholder Outreach and “Say-on-Pay” 

At our advisory shareholder vote on executive compensation in 2016, our say-on-pay proposal received the affirmative vote 

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of 49.07% of the shares voted on the proposal.  Our directors nominated for re-election at the 2016 annual meeting, Michael H. Braun, 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough, Bruce F. Simberg, Thomas A. Rogers and William G. Stewart, received votes for re-election from the shares 
voted at the meeting as shown in the table below. 

Director 
Michael H. Braun 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
Bruce F. Simberg 
Thomas A. Rogers 
William G. Stewart 

% of Shares Voted 

93.76% 
92.65% 
86.22% 
92.76% 
93.48% 

In response to the 2016 say-on-pay vote, the Compensation Committee has sought and received feedback and guidance from 
shareholders  and  others  regarding  the  Company’s  executive  compensation  practices,  with  a  view  to  better  understand  and  address 
investor concerns, while continuing to evolve our compensation practices in a way that both meets the Board’s compensation goals 
and benefits our shareholders.   

During the course of our outreach, we contacted all of the Company’s top 30 shareholders, representing  approximately 62% 
of our outstanding common stock. We received responses from and engaged in dialogue with seven of these shareholders, and will 
continue this outreach process during the months preceding our 2017 annual meeting. We also held discussions with the major proxy 
advisory firms to learn more about their perspectives and policies. 

The  Compensation  Committee  has  carefully  considered  the  shareholder  feedback  and  guidance  it  received  and  has 

undertaken a comprehensive review of, and made several positive changes to, our executive compensation program. 

What We Heard: 

  The metrics used to determine awards under the short and long-term incentive plans should be different from one another 

and closely tied to Company performance, and Compensation Committee should minimize discretionary payouts. 

  Our  historical  reliance  on  time-based  vesting  of  equity  awards  should  be  reduced,  with  the  emphasis  instead  on 

performance-based vesting of equity. 

  Awards  made  under  the  long-term  incentive  plan  should  be  granted  predominantly  in  the  form  of  equity,  rather  than 

cash. 

  The  Company  should  clearly  disclose  the  performance  metrics,  goals  and  weighting  that  were  considered  when 

determining our Named Executive Officers’ incentive compensation payouts. 

How We Responded: 

  The  Compensation  Committee  has  approved  a  new  formula-based  short  and  long-term  incentive  plan  structure  for 
evaluating  our  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  performance  beginning  in  2017,  with  50%  of  his  incentive  award  based  on 
annual goals that reflect the Company’s financial and operating performance on a year-to-year basis, and 50% based on 
long-term goals that reflect the growth realized by the Company’s shareholders over a more extended horizon. 

  Beginning in 2017, a portion of our Chief Executive Officer’s awards granted under the long-term incentive plan will be 

granted in the form of performance-based equity. 

  We have substantially revamped and restructured our Compensation Discussion and Analysis to provide a more detailed 

and transparent presentation of the alignment between pay and performance. 

  We entered into amendments to the employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer to provide for a “double-
trigger”  for  payment  of  his  change  of  control  bonus  and  to  modify  the  calculation  of  that  bonus  to  be  based  on  the 
average of the Chief Executive Officer’s actual bonuses received for the three years prior to the change of control. 

Evaluation Process 

The  Compensation  Committee  conducts  an  annual  review  of  the  total  compensation  of  our  executive  officers,  executive 
compensation, as well as the mix of elements used to compensate our Named Executive Officers. This review is based in part on an 
analysis  of  feedback  from  shareholders  and  current  best  practices  in  executive  compensation  and  in  part  on  a  survey  of  executive 
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compensation paid by various comparable publicly traded property and casualty insurance companies as reported in each company’s 
proxy  statement.   For  2016,  our  direct  peer  group  encompassed  publicly  traded  companies  that  compete  with  us  in  the  Florida 
homeowners’  insurance  market:  Heritage  Insurance  Holdings,  Inc.  (NYSE:   HRTG),  HCI  Group,  Inc.  (NYSE:   HCI),  United 
Insurance Holdings Corp. (NASDAQ: UIHC) and Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: UVE).    

In addition to the four insurance companies listed above, the Company included the following companies in its peer group for 

comparison purposes for 2016: 

– Safety Insurance Group Inc. (NASDAQ: SAFT) 
– Donegal Group Inc. (NASDAQ: DGICA) 
– Greenlight Capital Re Ltd. (NASDAQ: GLRE) 
– Third Point Reinsurance Ltd. (NYSE: TPRE) 
– Hallmark Financial Services (NASDAQ: HALL) 
– First Acceptance Corp. (NYSE: FAC) 
– Atlas Financial Holdings Inc. (NASDAQ: AFH) 
– RLI Corp. (NYSE: RLI) 
– EMC Insurance Group Inc. (NASDAQ: EMCI) 
– Baldwin & Lyons (NASDAQ: BWINB) 
– Atlantic American Corp. (NASDAQ: AAME) 

These additional peers provide the  Compensation  Committee  with a broader perspective of compensation practices among 
relevant insurance companies. The Committee assessed the competitiveness of the Company’s compensation program in comparison 
to  the  entire  peer  group,  as  well  as  the  subset  of  the  Company’s  direct  peers  who  are  competitors  in  the  Florida  homeowners’ 
insurance market. 

For the 2016 fiscal year, the Compensation Committee engaged Meridian Compensation Partners, an independent executive 
compensation consulting firm, to review the structure and competitiveness of the Company’s executive and director compensation for 
2016.   Meridian  provided  no  other  services  to  the  Company  other  than  those  directly  to  the  Compensation  Committee  relating  to 
executive and director compensation.  Meridian attended meetings of the Compensation Committee at the request of the committee, 
met  with  the  Compensation  Committee  in  executive  sessions  without  the  presence  of  management,  and  communicated  with  the 
Chairman of the Compensation Committee with respect to emerging issues.  

We also consider the industry knowledge and experience of our Committee members to be an important component of our 
compensation review process.  Our Committee  members each have substantial management experience in running businesses in the 
insurance,  financial  services  and  legal  services  industries,  many  of  which  have  substantial  management  teams.   As  a  result,  their 
personal  experience  extends  to  developing  and  implementing  management  compensation  and  incentive  programs,  enabling  our 
Committee  members  to  use  that  experience  when  reviewing  the  Company’s  executive  compensation  programs  and  working  with 
Meridian to make appropriate updates. 

Meridian was provided with information about our Named Executive Officers’ historical compensation and the Company’s 
financial results, and was provided copies of their employment agreements. Meridian then delivered to the Compensation Committee a 
detailed  report  comparing  the  Company’s  current  executive compensation  program  to  those  comparable  companies,  together  with 
recommendations for future updates.  The Compensation Committee, on multiple occasions, met with or spoke with a representative 
of Meridian to review and discuss Meridian’s findings and recommendations.  The Compensation Committee may use the services of 
Meridian or other consultants in the future to assist it in providing a fair and competitive compensation plan for its executives. 

Elements of Compensation 

The Compensation Committee has been committed to updating the Company’s executive compensation programs to reflect 
the Company’s growth and the evolution of best practices, and to reflect the feedback received as a result of our outreach to our largest 
shareholders.   In  that  regard,  the  Compensation  Committee  approved  in  2016  and  2017  a  significant  revamp  of  the  Company’s 
compensation  practices,  in  particular  the  incentive  compensation  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  President.   The 
Company’s executive compensation programs for its Named Executive Officers consist of elements described below. 

Base  Salary.  The  Compensation  Committee  annually  reviews  the  base  salaries  of  the  Named  Executive  Officers,  and 
considers  a  number  of  factors,  such  as  each  Named  Executive  Officer’s  level  of  responsibility,  performance  during  the  prior  fiscal 
year (with respect  to specific areas of responsibility and on an overall basis), past and  present contributions to and achievement of 
Company goals, historical compensation levels of the Named Executive Officer, and the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations.  The Compensation Committee also considers the median base salary levels for executives in similar positions with similar 
responsibilities  at  companies  of  comparable  size  in  the  insurance  and  financial  services  industries  when  reviewing  our  Named 
Executive  Officers’  base  salaries.   That  review  for  2016  indicated  that  Mr.  Braun’s  base  salary  was  below  the  median  for  the 
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Company’s peer group and lowest among our direct peer group, while Mr. Prygelski’s salary was approximately at the median of  our 
peer group.  The Compensation Committee reviewed the compensation analysis report prepared by Meridian and, based on the factors 
described above, the Compensation Committee approved an increase for fiscal 2016 to Mr. Braun’s base salary to $1,000,000 to bring 
his base salary above the median, while Mr. Prygelski’s base salary of  $325,000 remained unchanged.  Following the resignation of 
Mr. Prygelski and appointment of Mr. Fernandez as the Interim Chief Financial Officer in June 2016, Mr. Fernandez’s base salary was 
increased to $212,000.  For 2017, both Mr. Braun’s and Mr. Fernandez’s base salaries were unchanged. 

Incentive  Compensation.  Consistent  with  the  Company’s  pay-for-performance  philosophy  of  compensating  our  Named 
Executive  Officers  for  the  Company’s  achievements  for  the  prior  year  and  their  roles  in  those  achievements,  and  reflecting  the 
feedback  received  from  our  outreach  to  our  largest  shareholders,  in  2017  the  Compensation  Committee  completely  revamped  the 
incentive compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and President. 

For 2017, Mr. Braun will be entitled to receive performance-based incentive compensation, 50% of which will be an annual 
bonus payable in cash and 50% of which will be a long-term incentive bonus payable in equity, based on the performance metrics and 
weighting described below.  The total payout for both the annual and long-term bonuses will be based on Mr. Braun’s base salary of 
$1,000,000 for 2017, at the threshold, target and maximum percentages indicated below: 

Annual Incentive Plan(A): 

Performance Metrics 
Increase in Gross Revenues 
Expense Control 
EBITDA 

Long-Term Incentive Plan: 

Performance Metrics 
Return on Equity 
Increase in Book Value 
Relative TSR (3-Year) 

Incentive Plan Payout  
 (% Based on 50% of Base Salary) 

Threshold 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Target 
175% 
175% 
175% 

Maximum 
250% 
250% 
250% 

Incentive Plan Payout 
 (% Based on 50% of Base Salary) 

Threshold 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Target 
175% 
175% 
175% 

Maximum 
250% 
250% 
250% 

Weight 
33% 
33% 
33% 

Weight 
33% 
33% 
33% 

(A) 

No  payouts  will  be  made  under  the  annual  incentive  plan  unless  the  Company’s  2017  net  income  is  above  a  minimum 
threshold determined by the Compensation Committee. 

The  Compensation  Committee  believes  that  the  annual  financial  and  operating  metrics  selected  for  the  annual  incentive 
plan—increase in gross revenues, expense control and EBITDA--appropriately reflect the important measurements of the Company’s 
results of operations on a year-to-year basis, and provide incentives to grow the Company’s business in a cost-effective way.   

The metrics selected by the Compensation Committee for the long-term incentive plan—return on equity (“ROE”), increase 
in book value, and relative shareholder return (“Relative TSR”)—are appropriate measures of the Company’s success over a longer 
time horizon, with particular emphasis on the measurements that are meaningful to the Company’s shareholders and relevant  to the 
Company’s  long-term  business  strategy.    The  ROE  and  increase  in  book  value  metrics  will  be  measured  over  successive  one-year 
performance periods, and the equity granted will vest 1/3 annually beginning one year after the grant date.  The Relative TSR metric 
will be measured over a three-year performance period, and the equity granted will cliff vest at the end of the three-year performance 
period based on the Company’s performance relative to the  primary peer group of Florida homeowners’ insurers.  For the Relative 
TSR metric, the Compensation Committee determined that the most appropriate comparison of the Company’s performance would be 
to  the  Company’s  direct  peer  group  of  Florida  homeowners’  insurers  because  of  the  unique  competitive  aspects  of  the  Florida 
homeowners’ insurance market and because external factors such as hurricanes would likely impact all of the members of the direct 
peer group in a more consistent way.   

The Compensation Committee established the minimum, target and maximum percentages of base salary taking into account 

that Mr. Braun will receive no increase in base salary for 2017. 

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The incentive compensation plan structure approved for 2017 is a significant departure from the incentive compensation plan 
structure  approved  by  the  Compensation  Committee  for  2016.    For  2016,  Mr.  Braun  was  entitled  to  receive  annual  and  long-term 
awards as follows: 

Performance Metrics 
Pre-tax income 
ROE 

Weight 
45% 
45% 

Executive-specific goals 

10% 

2016 Results 
$2.7 million 
(5.38)% 
As determined by the 
Compensation Committee 

The  annual  and  long-term  awards  would  be  based  on  a  percentage  of  base  salary  and  paid  50%  in  cash  and  50%  in  the 
Company’s common stock.  Of the equity portion, 75% would time vest over five years and 25% would be granted with performance 
vesting criteria that will be evaluated over three years.  The executive-specific goals for Mr. Braun included increasing the Company’s 
market  share  in  Florida,  expanding  the  Company’s  marketing  relationships,  and  expanding  the  Company’s  product  lines  The 
Compensation  Committee  determined  that,  although  the  Company  had  achieved  significant  accomplishments  during  2016,  as 
described above under “The Company’s 2016 Performance,” the Company’s results did not meet the goals established and therefore 
Mr. Braun would not be awarded any bonus for 2016. 

Erick A. Fernandez, our Interim Chief Financial Officer, received for 2016 a bonus of $30,000 pursuant to a bonus agreement 

entered into with him when he joined the Company. 

Our  2012  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Board of  Directors  and  approved  by  our  shareholders  in  2012, 
authorizes  us  to  grant  a  variety  of  equity  incentive  awards,  such  as  incentive  stock  options,  non-qualified  stock  options,  stock 
appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance shares to officers, directors and 
executive,  managerial,  administrative  and  professional  employees  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries.   Awards  may  be  granted 
singly,  in  combination,  or  in  tandem.   Our  Compensation  Committee  is  the  administrator  of  the  equity  plans.   The  Compensation 
Committee  reviews  and  approves  equity  awards  to  executive  officers  based  upon  a  review  of  competitive  compensation  data,  its 
assessment of individual performance, and retention considerations, as well as a review of the individual’s existing share and option 
holdings.  Equity grants have been made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and/or executive management members, 
who have been granted limited authority by the Compensation Committee.  To date, only restricted stock has been granted under the 
2012  Stock  Incentive  Plan.  The  Board  has  adopted  a  policy  prohibiting  repricing  of  stock  options  and  prohibiting  cash  buyouts  of 
underwater options, and intends to propose amendments to the 2012 Plan implementing these policies for approval by the Company’s 
shareholders. 

Other Employee Benefit Plans.  Our employees, including our Named Executive Officers, are entitled to various employee 
benefits.  These  benefits  include  medical  and  dental  care  plans;  flexible  benefit  accounts;  life,  accidental  death  and  dismemberment 
and disability insurance; a 401(k) plan; and paid vacation. 

Under our 401(k) plan, the Company  matches 100% of the first 6% of participant elective contributions and, from time to 
time, the Board of Directors approves an additional discretionary profit sharing contribution.  No additional contribution was approved 
for  2016.  The  Board  of  Directors  currently  intends  to  review  the  Company’s  financial  results  annually  to  determine  whether  to 
approve a discretionary profit sharing contribution in any future years. 

Other  Compensation.  At the present time,  we do  not offer pension benefits or, except  as described above, other forms of 
deferred  compensation  plans.   The  Compensation  Committee  periodically  reviews  the  overall  employment  packages  and  benefits 
offered to the Company’s Name Executive Officers.  As part of that review, Mr. Braun’s employment agreement with the Company 
was amended in February 2017 to eliminate the 100% coverage of his health insurance premiums, with his reimbursement to be the 
same as the Company’s other senior management.  The Compensation Committee believes that the benefits and perquisites offered to 
the Named Executive Officers are currently set at competitive levels for comparable companies, requiring no further changes at this 
time.   The  Compensation  Committee  may,  however,  at  its  discretion,  modify  or  increase  the  Named  Executive  Officers’  executive 
benefits and perquisites, if it deems it appropriate or advisable. 

Clawback  Policy.   In  2016,  the  Board  adopted  a  clawback  policy  applicable  to  our  Named  Executive  Officers  and  other 
current  or  former  executive  officers  of  the  Company.   Pursuant  to  this  policy,  the  Company  will  have  the  right,  in  appropriate 
circumstances as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, to seek to recover all or any part of the cash or equity incentive-based 
compensation  granted to our  Named Executive Officers or such other executive  officers during the three fiscal  years  preceding the 
date on which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement to correct a material error, if the restatement is required 
because of a knowing violation of SEC rules and regulations, GAAP, other applicable legal or regulatory requirements, or Company 
policy by a Named Executive Officer or such other executive officer.  Incentive-based compensation subject to the policy includes any 
cash  or  equity  compensation  granted,  earned  or  vested  based  wholly  or  in  part  on  the  attainment  of  a  financial  reporting 
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measure.   Financial  reporting  measures  include  measures  that  are  based  on  accounting  principles  used  in  preparing  the  Company’s 
financial  statements,  measures  that  are  derived  from  information  in  the  Company’s  financial  statements,  and  stock  price  and  total 
shareholder return.  The Board will have the discretion to forgo such recovery if it determines that seeking such recovery would be 
unreasonable or not in the Company’s best interests. 

Stock Ownership and Retention Guidelines.  The Board also approved in 2016 stock ownership guidelines applicable to our 
Named Executive Officers.  Under these guidelines, our Chief Executive Officer is required to hold shares of the Company’s common 
stock with a value of at least six times his annual salary rate, and our Chief Financial Officer is required to hold shares with a value of 
at  least  three  times  his  annual  salary  rate.   The  guidelines  further  provide  that  the  Named  Executive  Officers  should  achieve  the 
guideline  amounts  within  five  years  of  becoming  subject  to  the  policy  and,  until  the  guideline  amounts  are  achieved,  the  Named 
Executive Officers must retain 66-2/3% of any shares received as equity grants from the Company, net of shares withheld or sold to 
pay taxes.  The Board also prohibited hedging or pledging the Company’s common stock, without exception. 

Tax  Considerations.   Under  Section  162(m)  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1986,  as  amended,  the  federal  income  tax 
deductibility  of  compensation  paid  to  our  Named  Executive  Officers  may  be  limited  to  the  extent  that  compensation  to  a  Named 
Executive Officer exceeds $1.0 million in any year.  The Company can deduct compensation in excess of that amount if it qualifies as 
“performance-based  compensation”  under  Section  162(m).   Among  other  things,  compensation  qualifies  as  performance-based  for 
purposes  of  Section  162(m)  if  the  compensation  is  approved  by  shareholders  or  awarded  under  a  plan  approved  by 
shareholders.   Although  the  Compensation  Committee  considers  the  desirability  of  limiting  our  non-deductible  expenses  when  it 
makes compensation decisions, the  committee  believes in maintaining the  flexibility and competitive effectiveness of the executive 
compensation program. Tax deductibility, while an important consideration, is analyzed as one component of the overall program. 

Compensation Committee Report 

The  Compensation  Committee  of  the  Company  has  reviewed  and  discussed  the  foregoing  Compensation  Discussion  and 
Analysis with management.  Based on our review and discussion with management, we have recommended to the Board of Directors 
that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Company’s SEC filings, including its proxy statement for the 2017 
Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 

Respectfully Submitted 
March 15, 2017 
/s/ Richard W. Wilcox Jr., Chairman 
/s/ Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
/s/ Thomas A. Rogers 

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE 

The  following  table  sets  forth  information  regarding  compensation  earned  by,  awarded  to  or  paid  to  our  Chief  Executive 
Officer  and  President,  our  Interim  Chief  Financial  Officer,  and  our  former  Chief  Financial  Officer,  for  the  fiscal  years  ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.  We refer to these officers as our Named Executive Officers in other parts of this Form 10-K.  We 
currently do not have any other employees of the Company designated as executive officers.   

Name and Principal  
  Year   
Position 
  2016    $ 
Michael H. Braun 
  2015    $ 
Chief Executive Officer, 
  2014    $ 
President 
Peter J. Prygelski III 
  2016    $ 
Former Chief Financial Officer,    2015    $ 
  2014    $ 
Treasurer (7) 
Erick A. Fernandez 
  2016    $ 
Interim Chief Financial Officer,    2015    $ 
  2014    $ 
Treasurer (9) 

Salary 

 993,846   $ 
 617,308   $ 
 469,231   $ 
 325,000   $ 
 336,346   $ 
 297,638   $ 
180,846   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 

Bonus (1) 

 —  
 1,200,000  

  Option   
  Stock Awards (1)    Awards   
  $ 
 —  
  $ 
 — (5)    $ 
  $ 
 —  
  $ 
 487,500  
  $ 
 175,000  
  $ 
40,000  
  $ 
 —  
  $ 
 —  

 600,000 (4) 
 4,703,100 (6) 
1,164,529 (10)   
 243,750 (4) 
 658,700 (8) 

 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 

 —  
 —  

  Nonqualified  

Non-Equity  
Incentive Plan    
Deferred  
Compensation    Compensation     Compensation     
Earnings 

All Other  

(2) 

(3) 

 —  
 600,000  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 

 36,492   $ 
 48,466   $ 
 34,883   $ 
36,418   $ 
 51,358   $ 
 39,572   $ 
8,131   $ 
 —   $ 
 —   $ 

Total 
 1,030,338 
 3,065,774 
 5,207,214 
 1,525,947 
 1,118,954 
 1,170,910 
218,977 
 — 
 — 

(1)  Reflects cash bonuses earned by the Named Executive Officer for the applicable fiscal year but that were paid in the following fiscal year.  The 
amounts shown for the bonuses and stock awards in 2014 were updated to reflect the amounts awarded for that year but that were paid in the 
following fiscal year, and to remove amounts paid in that year that were awarded for the prior year. 

(2)  Reflects cash awarded to the Named Executive Officer as long-term incentive compensation for the applicable fiscal year but that was paid in 

the following fiscal year.  

(3)  See table "All Other Compensation" below for an itemized disclosure of this element of compensation. 
(4)  The nominal amounts remaining after calculation of awards as restricted stock which was based on the fair market value on the  grant date of 

March 10, 2016, which was $19.16 per share, was paid in cash. 

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(5)  Mr.  Braun  elected  to  receive  100%  of  his  2014  performance  award,  which  was  paid  in  2015,  as  restricted  stock.    The  nominal  amounts 
remaining after calculation of his award as restricted stock, based on the fair market value on the grant dates of March 10,  2015 and May 5, 
2015, which were $28.79 and $25.86 per share, respectively, were paid in cash. 

(6)  Includes the 2014 performance awards referenced in Note (5) above and grants made on September 9, 2014 and December 9, 2014, which were 
awarded to bring his total compensation more in line with the Company’s direct peer group, vest over a five-year period and were based on the 
fair market values of $25.58 and $26.18, respectively, per share on the grant dates. 

(7)  Mr. Prygelski terminated his employment with the Company on June 20, 2016.  The amounts shown include $168,750 paid to Mr. Prygelski in 

2016 pursuant to his severance agreement. 

(8)  Reflects a portion of his 2014 performance award, which was paid in 2015, paid in cash and the remaining portion paid in shares of restricted 
stock. The nominal amount remaining after calculation of his award as restricted stock which was based on the fair market value on the grant 
date of March 10, 2015, which was $28.79 per share, was paid in cash.  Also includes a grant in 2014 to bring his total compensation more in 
line with the Company’s direct peer group.  All unvested shares held by him were vested upon his separation from the Company in June 2016. 

(9)  Mr. Fernandez was appointed Interim Chief Financial Officer effective June 20, 2016. 
(10) Includes grant date fair value and/or incremental fair value of restricted stock for which vesting was accelerated upon his separation from the 

Company. 

Name 
Michael H. Braun 

Peter J. Prygelski III 

Erick A. Fernandez 

ALL OTHER COMPENSATION 

  Club Member    Insurance    Contribution to    Compensation 

Auto 

Fees 

  Benefits (1)  

401(k) Plan (2)   

Total 

All Other 

3,817 (3) $ 
7,614   $ 
7,998   $ 
2,885   $ 
6,231   $ 
6,000   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 

--   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 
617   $ 
9,239   $ 
9,228   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 

11,261   $ 
10,407   $ 
9,385   $ 
12,901   $ 
7,883   $ 
6,844   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 

20,015   $ 
19,930   $ 
17,500   $ 
20,015   $ 
19,930   $ 
17,500   $ 
8,131   $ 
--   $ 
--   $ 

35,093 
48,466 
34,883 
36,418 
51,358 
39,572 
8,131 
-- 
-- 

  Year 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2016 
2015 
2014 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

(1)  Represents premiums for medical insurance. 
(2)  Represents matching contributions and a discretionary profit contribution made by the Company on behalf of the Named Executive Officers to 

the Company’s 401(k) plan. 

(3)  Mr.  Braun’s  automobile  allowance  was  eliminated  in  July  2016  and  payment  of  100%  of  his  health  insurance  premiums  was  eliminated 

effective January 1, 2017. 

Employment Agreements   

Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer and President.  We entered into a second  amended and restated employment 
agreement  with  Michael  H.  Braun  effective  as  of  January  18,  2012,  which  amended  and  restated  Mr.  Braun’s  prior  employment 
agreement.  In  connection  with  the  organization  of  Monarch  National  Insurance  Company  (“Monarch  Insurance”)  in  2015,  the 
Company's  Board  of  Directors  approved  an  amendment  to  his  employment  agreement  to  extend  the  term  of  his  employment 
agreement to four years from the date of the amendment with automatic extensions so that at all times the balance of the term is not 
less  than  two  years  unless  sooner  terminated  as  provided  in  the  employment  agreement.  Under  his  agreement,  Mr.  Braun’s  annual 
salary,  which  may  be  increased  at  any  time  during  the  term  of  the  agreement,  was  increased  to  $1,000,000  effective  January  1, 
2016.  Mr. Braun is also entitled to receive such bonuses and increases as may be awarded by the Board of Directors.  It also contains 
customary  confidentiality  and  non-solicitation  provisions.   Mr.  Braun’s  agreement  was  further  amended  in  2016  to  eliminate  a  car 
allowance  as  a  perquisite  and  to  modify  the  definition  of  “Good  Reason”  so  that  the  payments  due  to  him  following  a  “Change  in 
Control” under the agreement will be payable only upon a “double-trigger” and in February 2017 to eliminate his full reimbursement 
for health insurance and to modify the calculation of his Change of Control bonus, as described below. 

Mr.  Braun  is  entitled  to  receive  certain  payments  upon  the  termination  of  employment  under  certain  circumstances  as  set 
forth  in  his  agreement,  as  amended.   If  his  employment  is  terminated  by  us  without  Cause  (as  defined  in  his  agreement),  we  must 
make a lump sum payment to the executive equal to two years' base salary (the “Termination Severance”). In addition, all unvested 
stock  options  and  any  other  equity  awards  held  by  him  will  become  vested.   If  Mr.  Braun’s  employment  with  us  is  terminated  for 
Cause or as a result of his death or disability, he will be entitled to his base salary prorated through the date of the termination and any 
benefits due him as may be provided under the applicable plan, program or arrangement. 

The  agreement  also  provides  for  payments  to  him  if  he  is  employed  by  us  on  the  date  on  which  a  Change  of  Control 
occurs.   Under  the  agreements,  a  “Change  of  Control”  will  be  deemed  to  have  occurred  if:  (i)  any  person,  including  a  “group”  as 

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defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, becomes the owner or beneficial owner of our securities having 50% or more of the 
combined voting power of our then-outstanding securities that may be voted for the election of our directors (other than as a result of 
an  issuance  of  securities  initiated  by  us,  or  open  market  purchases  approved  by  our  Board,  as  long  as  the  majority  of  the  Board 
approving the purchases is the majority at the time the purchases are made), or (ii) the persons who  were our directors before such 
transactions shall cease to constitute a majority of our Board, or any successor to us, as the direct or indirect result of or in connection 
with, any cash tender or exchange offer, merger or other business combination, sale of assets or contested election, or any combination 
of the foregoing transactions.  If, following a Change in Control, Mr. Braun’s employment is terminated by us (or any successor or 
subsidiary) without Cause or by the executive for Good Reason (as defined in his agreement), we will make a lump sum payment to 
the  executive  in  an  amount  equal  to  two  times  the  sum  of  his  base  salary  immediately  preceding  the  Change  of  Control  plus  the 
average  of  his  actual  bonus  for  the  three  fiscal  years  immediately  preceding  the  Change  of  Control  (the  "Change  of  Control 
Severance").  Additionally, all unvested stock options and any other equity awards held by him will become vested and the Company 
will continue to provide Mr. Braun (and his family) with medical insurance for a period of two years after the date of such termination 
of employment at no cost and on the same terms and conditions as in effect on the date on which such termination of employment 
occurs. 

If  Mr.  Braun  is  terminated  by  us  without  Cause  prior  to  a  Change  of  Control,  and  a  Change  of  Control  occurs  within  six 
months following such termination, then in addition to the Termination Severance described above, he will be entitled to an additional 
lump sum payment in an amount equal to (i) the Change of Control Severance, less (ii) the Termination Severance. 

As a condition to Mr. Braun’s entitlement to receive the base salary amounts and equity award acceleration referenced above, 
he is bound by the terms of an agreement that sets forth certain restrictive covenants.  Pursuant to the non-competition provisions of 
this agreement, as amended, he is prohibited from working in the insurance industry in any territories where the Company has  been 
doing business for a period of two years from the date on which he terminates employment with the Company for any reason (other 
than without cause).  For a period of two years after his employment is terminated, he is also prohibited from soliciting, for himself or 
for  any  third  person,  any  employees  or  former  employees  of  the  Company,  unless  the  employees  have  not  been  employed  by  the 
Company for a period in excess of six months, and from disclosing any confidential information that he learned about the Company 
during  his  employment. In  connection  with  the  organization  of  Monarch  Insurance  in  2015,  the  Company's  Board  of  Directors 
approved an amendment to his Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated as of 
August 5, 2013 (the "Restrictive Covenant  Agreement") to permit him to  hold his positions  with Monarch Insurance  and its parent 
companies (the “Monarch Entities”) while remaining employed by the Company. Mr. Braun's Restrictive Covenant Agreement was 
further amended to permit him to continue to hold his positions with the Monarch Entities if he is terminated  without cause by the 
Company. 

Erick A. Fernandez, Interim Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Fernandez is not currently a party to an employment agreement 
with  the  Company.    In  connection  with  his  joining  the  Company  in  January  2016,  Mr. Fernandez  and  the  Company  entered  into  a 
Bonus  Agreement dated as of January 11, 2016 (the “Bonus  Agreement”) and a  Change of Control  Agreement dated  as of May 2, 
2016 (the “Change of  Control  Agreement”).  The Bonus  Agreement provides for a bonus payable  to Mr. Fernandez on a  quarterly 
basis  equal  to  0.060%  of  net  income  as  reported  in  the  Company’s  Form  10-Q,  with  a  minimum  bonus  for  2016 of  $40,000.   The 
Change of  Control  Agreement provides for payments to Mr. Fernandez if  he is employed by  us on the date  on  which a Change of 
Control  (as  defined  above)  occurs.  If,  during  the  one-year  period  following  a  Change  in  Control,  Mr.  Fernandez’s  employment  is 
terminated by us without Cause or by Mr. Fernandez for Good Reason (each as defined in the Change of Control Agreement), he will 
be entitled to receive a lump sum payment equal to one year of his base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control.  

Peter J. Prygelski III, Former Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Prygelski resigned his positions as Chief Financial Officer and 
Treasurer of the Company on June 20, 2016 and therefore the employment-related provisions of his Second Amended and Restated 
Employment  Agreement  dated  effective  as  of  January  18,  2012  were  deemed  terminated  as  of  that  date.  The  confidentiality,  non-
competition and non-solicitation provisions remain in effect.  In connection with his resignation, the Company agreed to pay him cash 
severance  equal  to  two  years’  base  salary,  or  $650,000,  payable  bi-weekly  over  two  years,  and  accelerated  the  vesting  of 
approximately 66,500 unvested restricted shares. 

Equity-Based Compensation 

Grants  of  Plan  Based  Awards.  The  following  table  provides  information  regarding  restricted  stock  granted  to  our  Named 

Executive Officers during 2016 under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). 

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Name 
Michael H. Braun 
Peter J. Prygelski III 
Erick A. Fernandez 

  All Other Equity Awards   
/ Number of Securities    
Underlying Options 

Exercise or Base   
Price of Equity   
Awards 

Grant Date Fair  
Value of 

 31,315 (2) $ 
 12,721 (2) $ 
 3,300 (3) $ 

  Equity Awards (1) 
 599,995 
 243,734 
 63,228 

 19.16   $ 
 19.16   $ 
 19.16   $ 

  Grant Date  
3/10/2016   
3/10/2016   
3/10/2016   

(1)  This  amount  reflects  the  aggregate  grant  date  fair  value  computed  in  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  Topic  718.        Assumptions  used  in  the 

calculation of this amount are included in Footnote 14 to the Company’s audited financial statements for fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. 

(2)  Shares granted in 2016 for incentive awards based on 2015 performance. 
(3)  Shares granted to Mr. Fernandez upon his employment with the Company and prior to his appointment as Interim Chief Financial Officer. 

Stock  Incentive  Plan.  Our  2012  Plan  is  administered  by  the  Compensation  Committee.    The  objectives  of  the  2012  Plan  include 
attracting, motivating and retaining key personnel and promoting our success by linking the interests of our employees, directors and 
consultants with our success.  

Awards  may  be  made  under  the  2012  Plan  in  the  form  of  (a) incentive  stock  options,  (b) non-qualified  stock  options, 
(c) stock  appreciation  rights,  (d) dividend  equivalent  rights,  (e) restricted  stock,  (f) unrestricted  stock,  (g) restricted  stock  units,  and 
(h) performance shares. No incentive stock option may be granted to a person who is not an employee of the Company or one of its 
subsidiaries on the date of grant. In addition, both incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options were granted under our 2002 
stock option plan.  This plan has expired, although as of December 31, 2016, 79,484 options remain outstanding under the 2002 plan. 

Shares Available for Issuance. As of December 31, 2016, 367,071 shares were remaining available to  be awarded 
under the 2012 Plan. As of December 31, 2016, all shares of common stock authorized for issuance upon exercise of options granted 
under the 2002 plan have been issued or are issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.  The shares to be delivered pursuant to 
awards will be made available, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, from authorized but unissued shares or outstanding 
options  or  awards  that  expire  or  are  cancelled.  If  shares  covered  by  an  option  or  award  cease  to  be  issuable  for  any  reason,  such 
number of shares will no longer count against the shares authorized under the plan and may again be granted under the 2012 Plan. 

Vesting  Schedule.  Awards  granted  under  the  2012  Plan  typically  vest  in  equal  portions  over  three  or  five  years. 
Awards granted under the 2012 Plans require that the recipient of a grant be continuously employed or otherwise provide services to 
us  or  our  subsidiaries.  Failure  to  be  continuously  employed  or  in  another  service  relationship  generally  results  in  the  forfeiture  of 
awards not  vested at the time the employment or other service  relationship ends. Termination of a recipient’s employment or other 
service relationship for cause generally results in the forfeiture of all of the recipient’s unexercised awards.  

Policy  on  Repricing  and  Cash  Buyouts  of  Underwater  Options.    The  Board  has  adopted  a  policy  prohibiting 
repricing of stock options and prohibiting cash buyouts of underwater options, and intends to propose amendments to the 2012  Plan 
implementing these policies for approval by the Company’s shareholders 

Adjustments in  Our  Capital Structure. The number and  kind of shares available for grants  under our 2012 Plans 
and  any  outstanding  awards  under  the  plans,  as  well  as  the  exercise  price  of  outstanding  options  or  awards,  will  be  subject  to 
adjustment by the Compensation Committee in the event of any merger, consolidation, reorganization, stock split, stock dividend or 
other  event  causing  a  capital  adjustment  affecting  the  number  of  outstanding  shares  of  common  stock.    In  the  event  of  a  business 
combination  or  in  the  event  of  a  sale  of  all  or  substantially  all  of  our  assets,  the  committee  may  cash  out  some  or  all  of  the 
unexercised, vested options or awards under the plan, or allow some or all of the options or awards to remain outstanding, subject to 
certain conditions. Unless otherwise provided in individual option agreements, the vesting of outstanding options or awards will not 
accelerate in connection with a business combination or in the event of a sale of all or substantially all of our assets.  

Administration. The Compensation Committee has full discretionary authority to determine all  matters relating to 
awards granted under the 2012 Plan, including the persons eligible to receive awards, the number of shares subject to each award, the 
exercise price of each option or award, if applicable, any vesting schedule, any acceleration of the vesting schedule and any extension 
of  the  exercise  period.  The  committee  has  granted  limited  authority  to  executive  management  members  to  grant  awards  to  eligible 
individuals. 

Amendment and Termination. Our Board of Directors has authority to suspend, amend or terminate the 2012 Plan, 
except as  would adversely affect participants’ rights to outstanding awards  without their consent.  The 2012 Plan  was  amended  and 
restated in March 2013 to clarify the plan administrator’s authority to permit the vesting of unvested restricted shares in the event of 
the  death  of  the  grantee.  As  the  plan  administrator,  our  Committee  has  the  authority  to  interpret  the  plans  and  options  or  awards 
granted under the stock plans and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for plan administration.   

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Outstanding  Equity  Awards  at  Fiscal  Year-End.  The  following  table  summarizes  the  equity  awards  held  by  our  Chief 

Executive Officer and President and our Interim Chief Financial Officer, as of December 31, 2016. 

Stock Option Awards 

Restricted Stock Awards 

  Number of 
 Securities 
 Underlying   
 Exercisable   
 Options (#)   

Number of  
Securities 
 Underlying 

  Option 

 Unexercisable    Exercise   
  Price ($)   

Options (#) 

  Market Value 

Shares  
That 
  Have Not   
  Vested (#)   

 of Shares 
 That Have 
 Not Vested 
 ($)(1) 

Option 
Expiration 
Date 

 40,000    $ 
 14,666    $ 
 27,000    $ 
 30,000    $ 
 21,998    $ 
 40,000    $ 
 31,315    $ 
 3,300    $ 

 747,600   
 274,108   
 504,630   
 560,700   
 411,143   
 747,600   
 585,227   
 61,677   

Name 
Michael H. Braun 

Erick A. Fernandez 

Number of  
Unearned  
Shares, Units 
 or Other  
Rights That 
 Have Not  
Vested 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

Market or  
Payout Value of 
 Unearned 
 Shares, Units or 
 Other Rights  
That Have  
Not Vested 
 — (2) 
 — (3) 
 — (4) 
 — (5) 
 — (6) 
 — (7) 
 — (8) 
 — (8) 

(1)  Based on the market value per share of $29.56 on December 31, 2016. 
(2)  Restricted stock vested as to 25% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 50% vest as follows: 

25% on 8/5/2017 and 25% on 8/5 2018. 

(3)  Restricted stock vested as to 66 2/3% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 33 1/3% vests on 3/4/2017. 
(4)  Restricted stock vested as to 40% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 60% vest as follows: 

20% on 9/9/2017, 20% on 9/9/2018 and 20% on 9/9/2019. 

(5)  Restricted stock vested as to 40% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 60% vest as follows: 

20% on 12/9/2017, 20% on 12/9/2018 and 20% on 12/9/2019. 

(6)  Restricted stock vested as to 33 1/3% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 66 2/3% vest as follows: 

33 1/3% on 3/10/2017 and 33 1/3% on 3/10/2018. 

(7)  Restricted stock vested as to 20% on December 31, 2016, the remaining 80% vest as follows: 

20% on 5/5/2017, 20% on 5/5/2018, 20% on 5/5/2019 and 20% on 5/5/20 

(8)  Restricted stock vests as follows: 33 1/3% on 3/10/2017, 33 1/3% on 3/10/2018 and 33 1/3% on 3/10/2019.. 

Option Exercises and Stock Vested. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to stock options exercised 
and restricted stock awards vested during calendar year 2016 by our Chief Executive Officer, our former Chief Financial Officer, and 
our Interim Chief Financial Officer. 

Name 
Michael H. Braun 

Peter J. Prygelski III 

Erick A. Fernandez 

Stock Option Awards 

  Shares acquired   
 on Exercise (#)   

  Value Realized on   
 Exercise ($) 

Restricted Stock Awards 
Shares Acquired on    Value Realized on 

 Vesting (#) 

 Vesting ($) 

 15,000   $ 
 10,000   $ 
 15,000   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 15,000   $ 
 10,000   $ 
 —  

 204,461  
 156,133  
 209,500  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 204,461  
 156,133  
 —  

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 —  
 —  
 —  
 8,333   $ 
 20,000   $ 
 14,665   $ 
 9,000   $ 
 10,000   $ 
 10,999   $ 
 10,000   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  

 — 
 — 
 — 
 201,075 
 370,200 
 353,866 
 159,840 
 187,300 
 210,741 
 216,300 
 — 
 — 
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Compensation of Directors  

Cash Compensation.  The Company’s policy is that only our non-employee directors receive annual cash compensation and 
reimbursement of actual out-of-pocket expenses in connection with their service on the Board.  Members of our Board of Directors 
who  are  also  executive  officers  do  not  receive  additional  compensation  for  service  on  the  Board.    During  2016,  the  non-employee 
directors received an annual retainer of $75,000, payable in quarterly installments in January, April, and July and October.   We had 
five  non-employee  directors  until  January  20,  2016,  when  Mr.  Simberg  re-joined  the  Board,  bringing  the  total  number  of  non-
employee directors to six. 

The Company does not currently pay per-meeting fees, but does pay to the non-employee chairperson of certain of the Board 
committees an additional annual fee for serving as chair.  These annual fees are:  Chairman of the Board, $40,000; chairperson of  the 
Audit  Committee,  $20,000;  chairperson  of  the  Investment  Committee,  $17,500;  chairperson  of  the  Compensation  Committee, 
$15,000; and chairperson of Business Development Committee, $15,000.  Richard W. Wilcox Jr. also received a fee of $20,000 as the 
Lead  Director  during  2016,  and  did  not  receive  any  compensation  for  serving  as  the  chairperson  of  the  Compensation  Committee. 
These annual chair fees are also payable in quarterly installments in January, April, and July and October. 

For 2017, the Board approved a 5% increase in the annual retainer and chair fees,  reflecting the impact of the Company’s 

growth, strategic initiatives and operating environment on the Board’s workload.   

Equity  Compensation.    In  addition  to  the  cash  annual  retainers  and  chair  fees,  our  non-employee  directors  receive 
compensation for their service in the form of grants of restricted stock.  The Board believes that providing a substantial portion of the 
non-employee  directors’  total  compensation  in  the  form  of  equity  aligns  the  directors’  compensation  with  the  interests  of  the 
Company’s shareholders.  For 2016, each non-employee director received a grant of $70,000 in shares of restricted stock that vests 
over three years.   

The  Board  requested  in  2015  that  Meridian  conduct  a  review  of  the  Board’s  compensation  of  its  non-employee  directors.  
Meridian evaluated the Company’s outside director compensation relative to the peer group used for its evaluation of the Company’s 
executive  compensation.  This evaluation demonstrated that the Company’s outside director compensation  was competitive  with its 
peer group and, therefore, no changes were made for 2016.   

Cash compensation paid to, and the dollar value of equity awards granted to, our non-employee directors in 2016 are shown 

in the table below. 

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS' COMPENSATION SUMMARY 

Name 
Carl Dorf 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
Thomas A. Rogers 
Bruce F. Simberg 
William G. Stewart 
Richard W. Wilcox Jr. 

Fees Earned 

or Paid in 
Cash 
 92,500   
 95,000   
 86,250   
 110,055  (2) 
 75,000   
 95,000   

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

Equity 

(Restricted 

Stock) 
Awards (1) 

Stock 

Non-Equity 

Deferred 

  Non-Qualified 

Option 

Incentive Plan 
  Awards (1)    Compensation 

  Compensation 

All Other 

Earnings 

  Compensation 

Total 

 69,991   
 69,991   
 169,988   
 69,991   
 169,988   
 69,991   

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

 —    
 —    
 —    
 —    
 —    
 —   $ 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 396  (3) 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 162,491  
 164,991  
 256,238  
 180,046  
 244,988  
 165,387  

(1)  The following table provides certain additional information concerning the outstanding stock options and/or equity awards held by our non-

employee directors as of the end of 2016. 

(2)  Mr. Simberg resigned from the Board of Directors in March 2015 for personal reasons, becoming a consultant to the Company for which 
he earned consulting fees, and rejoined the Board in January 2016.  This amount includes his director’s fees paid to him during 2016 and 
his consulting fees for the first few weeks of 2016. 

(3)  Includes the fair value of events attended by Mr. Wilcox in 2016, 

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Name 
Carl Dorf 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
Thomas A. Rogers 
Bruce F. Simberg 
William G. Stewart 
Richard W. Wilcox Jr. 

Total Stock 
 Option/Equity 
Awards 
  Outstanding at 2016   
 Fiscal Year End 
 (Shares) 

  Stock Option / Equity  
 Awards Granted 
 During Fiscal Year   
2016 (Shares) 

 37,089 (a)   
 27,089 (c)   
 8,872 (d)   
 3,653 (e)   
 8,872 (d)   
 12,089 (f)   

Grant Date Fair Value of 
 Equity Awards Granted 

  During Fiscal Year 2016 ($) 
 69,991 (b) 
 69,991 (b) 
 169,988 (b) 
 69,991 (b) 
 169,988 (b) 
 69,991 (b) 

 3,653   $ 
 3,653   $ 
 8,872   $ 
 3,653   $ 
 8,872   $ 
 3,653   $ 

(a)  Includes  10,000  fully  vested  options  granted on 8/22/2011  with  an  exercise  price  of  $2.45,and  an  expiration date  of  8/22/2021;  15,000  fully 
vested options granted on 4/6/2012 with an exercise price of $4.40 and an expiration date of 4/6/2022; 6,000 shares of restricted stock which 
began vesting at 20% per year on September 9, 2015; 695 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2016 
and 2,435 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2017. 

(b)  Based on the market value of $19.16 on March 10, 2016. 
(c)  Includes 15,000 fully vested  options granted on 4/6/2012 with an exercise price of $4.40 and an expiration date of 4/6/2022; 6,000 shares of 
restricted stock which began vesting at 20% per year on September 9, 2015; 695 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per 
year on March 10, 2016 and 2,435 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2017. 

(d)  Includes 2,436 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2017 and 4,176 shares of restricted stock which 

began vesting at 20% per year on March 10, 2017. 

(e)  Includes 2,435 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2017. 
(f) 

Includes 6,000 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 20% per year on September 9,2015; 695 shares of restricted stock which began 
vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2016 and 2,435 shares of restricted stock which began vesting at 33 1/3% per year on March 10, 2017. 

In March 2016, the Board granted to each of Mr. Rogers and Mr. Stewart $100,000 in shares of restricted stock that vest over 
five years in consideration of their joining the Board.  All of the non-employee directors also received an annual grant of $70,000 in 
shares of restricted stock in March 2016 that vests over three years.  

Director  Stock  Ownership  and  Retention  Guidelines.    The  Board  approved  stock  ownership  and  retention  guidelines 
applicable  to  our  directors.    Under  these  guidelines,  our  outside,  non-employee  directors  are  each  required  to  hold  shares  of  the 
Company’s  common  stock  with  a  value  of  at  least  four  times  the  annual  retainer.    The  guidelines  further  provide  that  the  outside 
directors  should  achieve  the  guideline  amounts  within  five  years  of  the  policy’s  adoption  and,  until  the  guideline  amounts  are 
achieved, our directors must retain 66-2/3% of any shares received as equity grants from the Company, net of share withheld or sold to 
pay taxes. The Board also prohibited hedging the Company’s common stock and prohibited pledging the Company’s common stock 
except in limited circumstances as approved by the Board.  All of our directors except for two new Board members are in compliance 
with these guidelines. 

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ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED 
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

The following table sets forth, as of March 13, 2017, information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common 
stock  by  (i)  each  person  who  is  known  by  us  to  beneficially  own  5%  or  more  of  our  outstanding  common  stock,  (ii)  each  of  our 
Named Executive Officers, (iii) each of our directors, and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. 

As used herein, the term “beneficial ownership” with respect to a security is defined by Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act 
as consisting of sole or shared voting power (including the power to vote or direct the vote) and/or sole or shared investment power 
(including  the  power  to  dispose  or  direct  the  disposition  of)  with  respect  to  the  security  through  any  contract,  arrangement, 
understanding, relationship or otherwise, including a right to acquire such power(s) during the next 60 days. Unless otherwise noted, 
beneficial  ownership  consists  of  sole  ownership,  voting  and  investment  rights  and  the  address  for  each  person  is  c/o  Federated 
National Holding Company, 14050 NW 14 Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, Florida 33323. 

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner 
Bruce F. Simberg (2) 
Michael H. Braun (3) 
Richard W. Wilcox Jr. (4) 
Carl Dorf (5) 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough (6) 
Thomas A. Rogers (7) 
William G. Stewart (8) 
Erick A. Fernandez (9) 

  Number of Shares  
Beneficially 
Owned 

 499,018  
 458,490  
 186,129  
 175,142  
 33,914  
 8,872  
 8,872  
 3,300  

Percent of 
Class 
Outstanding (1) 
 3.60 % 
 3.31 % 
 1.34 % 
 1.26 % 

*  
*  
*  
*  

All directors and executive officers as a group (eight persons) (10) 

 1,373,737  

 9.89 % 

5% or greater holders: 
Lenox Capital Management, Inc. (11) 
322 Alana Drive 
New Lenox, Il 60451 

BlackRock, Inc. (12) 
55 East 52nd Street 
New York, NY 10022 

Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (13) 
Building One 
6300 Bee Cave Road 
Austin, TX 78746 

Renaissance Technologies Holdings Corporation 
Renaissance Technologies LLC (14) 
800 Third Avenue 

*     Less than 1%. 

(1)  Based on 13,853,574 shares outstanding as of March 13, 2017. 

 1,023,323  

 7.39 % 

 955,850  

 6.90 % 

 825,137  

 5.96 % 

 703,655  

 5.08 % 

(2)  Includes 2,435 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017. 

(3)  Includes 40,000 shares of restricted stock, which began vesting over five years beginning on August 5, 2014, 27,000 shares of restricted stock, 
20% of which began vesting each year beginning on September 9, 2015, 30,000 shares of restricted stock, 20% of which began vesting each 
year  beginning  on  December  9,  2015, 10,999  shares  of  restricted  stock,  33  1/3%  of  which  began  vesting  each  year  beginning  on  March  10, 
2016, 40,000 shares of restricted stock, of which vest over five years beginning on May 5, 2016,  and 25,052 shares of restricted stock, 20% of 
which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017.   

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(4)  Includes 3,000 shares of common stock held in Mr. Wilcox’s IRA, 40,000 shares of common stock held by Mr. Wilcox’s spouse, 6,000 shares 
of restricted stock, 20% of which vest each year beginning on September 9, 2015, 695 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each 
year beginning on March 10, 2016 and 2,435 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017 . 

(5)  Includes 63,491 shares of common stock held by Dorf Trust, 59,624 shares of common stock held by Carl Dorf Rollover IRA, 6,000 shares of 
restricted stock, 20% of which began vesting each year beginning on September 9, 2015, 695 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which began 
vesting each year beginning on March 10, 2016, 2,435 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017 
and 25,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of vested stock options held by Mr. Dorf. 

(6)  Includes 1,110 shares of common stock held in Ms. Kimbrough’s IRA, 6,000 shares of restricted stock, 20% of which vest each year beginning 
on September 9, 2015, 695 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2016, 2,435 shares of restricted 
stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017 and 15,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of vested 
stock options held by Ms. Kimbrough. 

(7)  Includes 2,435 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017 and 4,176 shares of restricted stock, 

20% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017. 

(8)  Includes 2,435 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017  and 4,176 shares of restricted stock, 

20% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017. 

(9)  Includes 2,200 shares of restricted stock, 33 1/3% of which vest each year beginning on March 10, 2017 

(10) Includes 40,000 shares of restricted stock, which began vesting over five years beginning on August 5, 2014, 45,000 shares of restricted stock, 
20% of which vest each  year beginning on September 9, 2015, 30,000 shares of restricted stock, 20% of which vest each  year beginning on 
December 9, 2015, 13,084 shares of restricted stock, of which 33 1/3% vest each year beginning on March 10, 2016, 40,000 shares of restricted 
stock,  which  begin  vesting  over  five  years  beginning  on  May  5,  2015,  37,227  shares  of  restricted  stock  33  1/3%  of  which  vest  each  year 
beginning on March 10, 2017, 8,352 shares of restricted stock 20% of which will vest beginning March 10, 2017 and 40,000 shares of common 
stock issuable upon the exercise of vested stock options. 

(11) This information is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016 

(12) This information is based on an Amendment No. 2 to the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 24, 2017 

(13) This information is based on an Amendment No. 7 to the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 9, 2017 

(14) This information is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2017 

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENENCE 

Family Relationships 

There are no family relationships between or among our current executive officers and directors.   

Related Transactions 

The following is a summary of transactions during 2015 and 2016 between the Company and its executive officers, directors, 
nominees for director, principal shareholders and other related parties involving amounts in excess of $120,000 or that the Company 
has chosen to voluntarily disclose. 

Bruce  F.  Simberg,  our  Chairman  of  the  Board,  is  a  partner  of  the  Fort  Lauderdale,  Florida  law  firm  of  Conroy  Simberg, 
which specializes in insurance defense and coverage matters. The Company paid legal fees to Conroy Simberg for services rendered in 
the amount of $26,286 and $72,198 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We believe that the fees charged for services provided by  Conroy 
Simberg are on terms at least as favorable as those that we could secure from a non-affiliated law firm.  The firm has handled only a 
limited number of matters for the Company.  Mr. Simberg has not been personally involved in any of the legal matters handled by the 
firm for the Company and he received de minimis direct personal benefit from the fees paid to the firm by the Company.   The matters 
handled by the firm for the Company as of December 31, 2016 have been completed or are in the process of being completed, and the 
Company does not at this time anticipate retaining the firm for future matters.  

During 2015 and 2016, Michael H. Braun, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President, received the compensation 
described  in  "Executive  Compensation"  above.    Mr.  Braun’s  brother  received  salary  compensation  of  $148,917  for  his  services  in 
2015 as Vice President of Accounting and Finance and in 2016 as Director of Budgeting and Forecasting, respectively.  We believe 
that the compensation provided to this individual is comparable to that paid by other companies in our industry and market for similar 
positions.   

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We  have  adopted  a  written  policy  that  any  transactions  between  the  Company  and  executive  officers,  directors,  principal 
shareholders or their affiliates take place on an arm’s-length basis and require the approval of a majority of our independent directors, 
as defined in the Nasdaq Rules. 

The  Board  has  determined  that  the  following  directors  are  independent  pursuant  to  the  Nasdaq  Rules  applicable  to  the 

Company:  Bruce F. Simberg, Carl Dorf, Richard W. Wilcox Jr., Jenifer G. Kimbrough, Thomas A. Rogers and William G. Stewart.   
In making the independence determination with respect to Mr. Simberg, the Board considered that the fees paid by the Company  in 
connection with the legal services provided by Conroy Simberg during the past three fiscal years did not exceed the amounts set forth 
in Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2)(D) and, therefore, the Board has determined that Mr. Simberg qualifies as an independent director under 
Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2). 

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES  

The  Audit  Committee  has  approved  the  engagement  of  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  (“E&Y”)  as  the  Company's  independent 
registered  public  accounting  firm  to  perform  the  audit  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  and  management’s 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.  The dismissal 
of Goldstein Schechter Koch, P.A. ("GSK"), the Company’s prior auditing firm, became effective upon the completion of the 2015 
second quarter review by GSK. 

Our  Audit  Committee  requires  that  management  obtain  the  prior  approval  of  the  Audit  Committee  for  all  audit  and 
permissible non-audited services to be provided by E&Y.  The Audit Committee considers and approves at each meeting, as needed, 
anticipated audit and permissible non-audit services to be provided by E&Y during the year and estimated fees.  The Audit Committee 
Chairman may approve permissible non-audit services with subsequent notification to the full Audit Committee.  All services rendered 
to us by GSK and E&Y in 2016 were pre-approved in accordance with these procedures. 

The  Company’s  independent  auditors  for  the  2016  fiscal  year,  E&Y,  as  successor  to  GSK,  has  advised  the  Company  that 
neither it, nor any of its members, has any direct financial interest in the Company as a promoter, underwriter, voting trustee, director, 
officer  or  employee.    All  professional  services  rendered  by  E&Y  and  GSK  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31,  2016  were 
furnished at customary rates and were performed by full-time, permanent employees. 

The following table shows fees that we paid (or accrued) for professional services rendered by E&Y and GSK for fiscal 2016 

and 2015. 

Audit Fees (1) 
Audit-Related Fees (4) 
Tax fees (5) 
All other fees (6) 
Total 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 
2016 

  $ 

 882,522   $ 

 22,055  
 205,820  
 —  

  $ 

 1,110,397   $ 

 1,299,760 (2) 
 6,425 (3) 
 —  
 —  
 1,306,185  

(1)   Audit fees consisted of audit work performed in the preparation of financial statements, as well as work generally only the independent auditor 

can reasonably be expected to provide, such as statutory audits. 

(2)   Represent $0.9 million for fees billed by E&Y and $0.4 million for fees billed by GSK. 
(3)   Represent fees billed by GSK 
(4)   Audit-related fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of 

our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit fees.” 

(5)      Tax  fees  consist  of  fees  billed  for  professional  services  rendered  for  tax  compliance,  tax  advice,  and  tax  planning.    These  services  include 

assistance regarding federal, state, and international tax compliance, acquisitions and international tax planning. 

(6)   All other fees consist of fees for products and services other than the services reported above. 

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PART IV 

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 10-K 

(a) 

(1) 

The following documents are filed as part of this report. 

Financial Statements 

The following consolidated financial statements of the Company and the reports of independent auditors thereon 
are filed with this report: 

Independent Auditor’s Reports 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

(2) 

Financial Statement Schedules. 

The following are included herein under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: 

Schedule II, Condensed Financial Information of Registrant 

Schedule V, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 

Schedule VI, Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations 

(3) 

Exhibits. 

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SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 

this Form 10-K report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized. 

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY 

By: 

/s/ Michael H. Braun 
Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer) 

/s/ Erick A.  Fernandez 
Erick A. Fernandez, Interim Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

Date: March 16, 2017 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on 

behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated. 

Signature 

   Title 

Date 

/s/ Michael H. Braun 
Michael H. Braun 

   Chief Executive Officer, President and Director 

March 16, 2017 

(Principal Executive Officer) 

/s/ Erick A. Fernandez 
Erick A. Fernandez 

Interim Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

March 16, 2017 

/s/ Bruce F. Simberg 
Bruce F. Simberg 

/s/ Carl Dorf 
Carl Dorf 

   Chairman of the Board and Director 

March 16, 2017 

   Director 

March 16, 2017 

/s/ Jenifer G. Kimbrough 
Jenifer G. Kimbrough 

   Director 

March 16, 2017 

/s/ Thomas A. Rogers 
Thomas A. Rogers 

/s/ William G. Stewart 
William G. Stewart 

   Director 

March 16, 2017 

   Director 

March 16, 2017 

/s/ Richard W. Wilcox, Jr. 
Richard W. Wilcox, Jr. 

   Director 

March 16, 2017 

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Table of Contents 

Index to Financial Statement Schedules 

Schedule II Condensed Financial Information of Registrant  
Schedule V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts  
Schedule VI Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations 

PAGE 

103 
107 
108 

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Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant 
Condensed Balance Sheets 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 
December 31, 2016 and 2015 

ASSETS 

Investments in subsidiaries 
Investments securities, available-for-sale, at fair value 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Deferred income taxes, net 
Income taxes receivable 
Other assets 
Total assets 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Due to subsidiaries 
Deferred income taxes, net 
Other liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Preferred stock 
Common stock 
Additional paid-in capital 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Retained earnings 

Total shareholders’ equity attributable Federated National Holding Company shareholders 

Noncontrolling interest 

Total shareholders’ equity 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

December 31, 

2016 

2015 

(in thousands) 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 283,669   $ 
 31,750  
 7,786  
 —  
 9,811  
 2,030  
 335,046   $ 

 93,653   $ 
 1,642  
 1,895  
 97,190  

 —  
 134  
 136,779  
 1,941  
 80,275  
 219,129  
 18,727  
 237,856  
 335,046   $ 

 282,504 
 25,649 
 2,397 
 485 
 10,471 
 1,506 
 323,012 

 70,079 
 — 
 2,174 
 72,253 

 — 
 138 
 131,998 
 3,985 
 96,461 
 232,582 
 18,177 
 250,759 
 323,012 

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Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Condensed Statements of Earnings 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

Revenue: 

Management fees 
Net investment income 
Equity in income of consolidated subsidiaries 

Total revenue 

Costs and expenses: 

General and administrative expenses 

Total costs and expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income taxes 

Net income 

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Net (loss) income attributable to Federated National Holding Company 
shareholders 

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

  $ 

 2,492   $ 
 623  
 9,480  
 12,595  

 2,489   $ 
 609  
 71,905  
 75,003  

 2,387 
 417 
 61,653 
 64,457 

 9,862  
 9,862  

 2,733  
 2,683  
 50  
 246  

 9,810  
 9,810  

 65,193  
 24,753  
 40,440  
 (445)  

 7,150 
 7,150 

 57,307 
 20,108 
 37,199 
 — 

  $ 

 (196)   $ 

 40,885   $ 

 37,199 

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2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 
(in thousands) 

2014 

  $ 

 50   $ 

 40,440   $ 

 37,199 

 (9,480)  
 73  
 4,420  

 2,127  
 2,978  
 —  
 23,574  
 3,786  
 27,528  

 —  
 76,928  
 (83,724)  
 (299)  
 (7,095)  

 —  
 589  
 361  
 —  
 (11,317)  
 (4,677)  
 (15,044)  
 5,389  
 2,397  
 7,786   $ 

  $ 

 (71,905)  
 64  
 4,527  

 (153)  
 24,352  
 (18,501)  
 6,430  
 2,057  
 (12,689)  

 (32,743)  
 38,612  
 (21,354)  
 (113)  
 (15,598)  

 18,743  
 1,564  
 171  
 —  
 —  
 (1,847)  
 18,631  
 (9,656)  
 12,053  

 2,397   $ 

 (61,653) 
 92 
 2,140 

 674 
 16,521 
 2,501 
 (2,069) 
 4,460 
 (135) 

 (18,501) 
 22,414 
 (36,949) 
 (391) 
 (33,427) 

 — 
 480 
 1,555 
 43,109 
 — 
 (1,672) 
 43,472 
 9,910 
 2,143 
 12,053 

Table of Contents 

Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

Cash flow from operating activities: 

Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash  provided by (used in)  
  operating activities: 

Equity in undistributed income of consolidated subsidiaries 
Depreciation and amortization 
Share-based compensation 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive (loss) income 
Income taxes receivable, net 
Capital contribution payable 
Due to subsidiaries 
Other, net 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities: 

Capital contributions to consolidated subsidiaries, net 
Sales, maturities and redemptions of investments securities 
Purchases of investment securities 
Purchases from property and equipment 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities: 

Noncontrolling interest equity investment 
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation 
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards 
Issuance of common stock in public offering 
Purchases of FNHC common stock 
Dividends paid 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

See accompanying note to condensed financial statements. 

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Schedule II – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (continued) 
Note to Condensed Financial Statements 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Company Only) 

(1)   ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

FNHC,  the  Parent  Company,  is  an  insurance  holding  company  that  controls  substantially  all  steps  in  the  insurance 
underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our contractual relationships with our independent agents 
and general agents. 

The  accompanying  condensed  financial  statements  include  the  activity  of  the  Parent  Company  and,  on  an  equity  basis,  its 
consolidated  subsidiaries.   Accordingly,  these  condensed  financial  statements  have  been  presented  for  the  parent  company 
only.  These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes 
of FNHC and subsidiaries set forth in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data” of this Form 10-K. 

In applying the equity method to our consolidated subsidiaries, we record the investment at cost and subsequently adjust for 

additional capital contributions, distributions and proportionate share of earnings or losses. 

Certain amounts in prior year’s condensed financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. 

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Schedule V – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 

Year 

  Description 

  Charged to   

  Balance at    Costs and 
Expenses 

January 1,   

  Balance at 
  Deductions    December 

(in thousands) 

31, 

2016 

2015 

2014 

  Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable 
  Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable 
  Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable 
  Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable 
  Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable 
  Allowance for uncollectible premiums receivable 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 —   $ 
 302   $ 
 —   $ 
 148   $ 
 —   $ 
 143   $ 

 —   $ 
 (219)   $ 
 —   $ 
 192   $ 
 —   $ 
 45   $ 

 —   $ 
 (28)   $ 
 —   $ 
 (38)   $ 
 —   $ 
 (40)   $ 

 55 
 — 
 302 
 — 
 148 

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Schedule VI – Supplemental Information Concerning Insurance Operations 
FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES 

 Line of  
 Business 

Year 
(in thousands) 

Property and  
 Casualty  
Insurance 

Property and  
 Casualty  
Insurance 

Property and  
 Casualty  
Insurance 

2016 

2015 

2014 

At December 31, 

Loss and  
Loss  

  Adjustment 

  Deferred  
  Acquisition   
Costs 

Expense 
Reserves 

  Unearned 
Premiums 

Earned  
  Premiums 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

Claim and Claim 

Net  

Income 

  Adjustment Expenses 
Incurred Related to 
Prior 
Year 

Year 

  Amortization 
of Deferred 
  Acquisition  

  Paid Claims 
and Claim  

  Adjustment     Premiums  

Costs 

Expenses 

  Written 

  Investment     Current 

 $ 

 38,962  $ 

 158,110  $ 

 294,022  $ 

 259,872  $ 

 9,063  $ 

 174,795  $ 

 12,546  $ 

 75,850  $ 

 160,154  $ 

 319,499 

 $ 

 15,547  $ 

 97,340  $ 

 253,960  $ 

 210,020  $ 

 7,226  $ 

 113,819  $ 

 (9,466)  $ 

 37,276  $ 

 82,445  $ 

 225,254 

 $ 

 13,610  $ 

 78,330  $ 

 192,424  $ 

 170,905  $ 

 5,385  $ 

 79,932  $ 

 1,104  $ 

 27,474  $ 

 71,803  $ 

 175,158 

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Exhibit 

Description 

EXHIBIT INDEX 

3.1 

3.2 

4.1 

10.1 

10.2 

10.3 

10.5 

10.6 

10.7 

10.8 

10.9 

10.10 

10.11 

10.12 

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (Exhibit 3.1 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 filed with the SEC on November 14, 2012). 

Amended and  Restated Bylaws of the  Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit  10.1 in the  Company’s  Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 28, 2007). 

Specimen  of  Common  Stock  Certificate  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.1  in  Amendment  No.  1  to  the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on October 7, 1998 [File No. 333-63623]). 

Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 in the Company’s Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,2012 filed with the SEC on April 1, 2013).+ 

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  between  the  Company  and  individuals  awarded  restricted  stock  from  the  2012 
Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2012).+ 

Federated  National  Holding  Company  2002  Stock  Option  Plan,  as  amended,  and  Stock  Plan  Acknowledgment 
(incorporated by  reference  to  Annex  A  in  the  Company’s  Definitive  Proxy  Statement  for  its  2009  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders filed with the SEC on April 2, 2009).+ 

Form  of  Indemnification  Agreement  between  the  Company  and  its  directors  and  executive  officers  (incorporated  by 
reference from Exhibit 10.15 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its year ended December 31, 1007 filed 
with the SEC on March 17, 2008). 

Reimbursement  Contract  between  Federated  National  Insurance  Company  and  The  State  Board  of  Administration  of 
Florida (SBA) which administers the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (FHCF) effective June 1, 2015 (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2015). 

Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2015, between Federated National Insurance Company and 
subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Reinstatement Premium Protection Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2015, between Federated National Insurance 
Company and subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Homeowners Quota Share Reinsurance Contract, effective July 1, 2015 between Federated National Insurance Company 
and subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Non-Florida  Property  Catastrophe  Excess  of  Loss  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  July  1,  2015  between  Federated 
National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 in the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

Non-Florida  Reinstatement  Premium  Protection  Reinsurance  Contract,  effective  July  1,  2015  between  Federated 
National Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 in the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

FHCF Supplement Layer Reinsurance Contract, effective June 1, 2015 between Federated National Insurance Company 
and subscribing reinsurers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on November 9, 2015). 

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Table of Contents 

10.13 

10.14 

10.15 

10.16 

10.17 

10.18 

10.19 

10.20 

10.21 

10.22 

10.23 

10.24 

10.25 

Order to Cease and Desist dated May 19, 2015 from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation to Federated National 
Insurance Company (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on June 8, 2015). 

Final  Order  dated  October  21,  2015  from  the  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation  to  Federated  National  Insurance 
Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC 
on October 26, 2015). 

Form  of  Amended  and  Restated  Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement  between  the 
Company and certain employees of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 7, 2013) 

Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated January 18, 2012 between the Company and Michael H. 
Braun (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on 
January 20, 2012).+ 

Second  Amended  and  Restated  Employment  Agreement  dated  January  18,  2012  between  the  Company  and  Peter  J. 
Prygelski, III (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the 
SEC on January 20, 2012).+ 

Amendment to Employment  Agreement and Restrictive  Covenant  Agreement effective  as of March 17, 2015 between 
Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC and Michael H. Braun (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 in the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015).+ 

Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement  effective  as  of  March  17,  2015  between  Monarch 
Delaware  Holdings  LLC  and  Michael  H.  Braun  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.4  in  the  Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015).+ 

Amendment  No.  1  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Non-Competition,  Non-Disclosure  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement 
effective  March  17,  2015  between  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  Peter  J.  Prygelski,  III  (incorporated  by 
reference from Exhibit 10.5 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed 
with the SEC on May 11, 2015).+ 

Insurance  Agency  Master  Agreement  dated  February  4,  2013  between  Ivantage  Select  Agency,  Inc.  and  Federated 
National Underwriters, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 
10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on November 6, 2013). 

First  Amendment  to  Insurance  Agency  Master  Agreement  dated  February  12,  2013  between  Ivantage  Select  Agency, 
Inc. and Federated National Underwriters, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 in the Company’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2013 filed with the SEC on November 6, 2013). 

Second  Amendment  to  Insurance  Agency  Master  Agreement  dated  January  1,  2015  between  Federated  National 
Underwriters,  Inc.  and  Ivantage  Select  Agency,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.6  in  the  Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

Subscription Agreement, effective as of July 18, 2014, among C.A. Bancorp Inc., Federated National Holding Company, 
and  Transatlantic  Reinsurance  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.6  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended September 30, 2014 filed with the SEC on November 10, 2014). 

Managing General Agent and Claims Administration Agreement dated as of March 17, 2015 between Monarch National 
Insurance  Company  and  FedNat  Underwriters,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.1  in  the  Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

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10.26 

10.27 

10.28 

10.29 

Limited Liability Company Agreement of Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC dated as of March 17, 2015 (incorporated 
by reference from Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2015 
filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

Consulting Agreement dated as of May 6, 2015 between Bruce F. Simberg and Federated National Holding Company 
(incorporated  by  reference  from  Exhibit  10.7  in  the  Company’s  Quarterly  Report  on  Form  10-Q  for  its  quarter  ended 
March 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015). 

Reimbursement  Contract  between  Federated  National  Insurance  Company  and  The  State  Board  of  Administration  of 
Florida  (SBA)  which  administers  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (FHCF)  to  be  effective  June  1,  2016 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 
2, 2016). 

Reimbursement  Contract  between  Monarch  National  Insurance  Company  and  The  State  Board  of  Administration  of 
Florida  (SBA)  which  administers  the  Florida  Hurricane  Catastrophe  Fund  (FHCF)  to  be  effective  June  1,  2016 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 
2, 2016). 

10.30 

Bonus Agreement dated as of January 11, 2016 between Federated National Holding Company and Erick Fernandez.+* 

10.31 

Change  of  Control  Agreement  dated  as  of  May  2,  2016  between  Federated  National  Holding  Company  and  Erick 
Fernandez.+* 

21.1 

23.1 

23.2 

31.1 

31.2 

32.1 

32.2 

Subsidiaries of the Company * 

Consent of Goldstein, Schechter, Koch, P.A. Independent Certified Public Accountants * 

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP Independent Certified Public Accountants * 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act * 

101.INS-XBRL Instance Document. ** 
101.SCH-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. ** 
101.CAL-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. ** 
101.LAB-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. ** 
101.PRE-XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. ** 
________________________ 

+   Management Compensation Plan or Arrangement 

* Filed herewith 

** In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the 
Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document 
filed under the Securities Act of Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. 

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