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Finning International

ftt · TSX Industrials
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Ticker ftt
Exchange TSX
Sector Industrials
Industry Industrial - Distribution
Employees 10,000+
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FY2015 Annual Report · Finning International
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2015 ANNUAL REPORT  

Table of Contents 

About Finning 
Value proposition 
Message from chairman of the board 
Message from president and CEO 
Management’s discussion and analysis   
Financial statements and notes   
5-year financial summary 
Board of directors and executive officers  
Shareholder information  

About Finning 

Finning International (TSX: FTT) is the world’s largest Caterpillar dealer delivering unrivalled services for 
over 80 years.  

Finning sells, rents and provides parts and service for equipment and engines to customers in various 
industries, including mining, construction, petroleum, forestry and a wide range of power systems 
applications. Finning delivers solutions that enable customers to achieve the lowest cost of equipment 
ownership and operations while maximizing uptime.  

Headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Finning employs approximately 13,000 people 
worldwide and operates in three geographies:  

•  Western Canada: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and a 

portion of Nunavut 

•  South America: Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia 
•  The United Kingdom and Ireland 

2015 Financial Statistics 

$ millions, except where specified 

Revenue 
EBITDA (1)(2)(3) 
Free cash flow (1)  
Invested capital (1) 
Net debt (1) 
Net debt to EBITDA ratio (1)(3)  
Basic EPS (2)(3) ($) 
Annual dividend per share ($) 
Outstanding shares (# millions) 

6,190 
   604 
   325 
3,240 
1,190 
    2.0 
  1.29 
  0.73 
   168 

(1) These financial metrics do not have a standardized meaning under International Financial Reporting Standards, and may not be comparable to similar 
measures used by other issuers. For additional information and definitions of these financial metrics, see “Description of Non-GAAP Measures” in 
Finning’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). 

(2) Earnings Before Finance Costs, Income Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA), Earnings per Share (EPS). 

(3) Excluding significant items which management does not does not consider indicative of operational and financial trends either by nature or amount. 
These significant items are described on page 3 of the MD&A ($10 million of these significant items was recorded in depreciation and amortization 
expense). Reported EBITDA was $126 million; reported net debt to EBITDA ratio was 9.5; reported basic EPS was $(0.94). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015 Revenue Profile (%) 

By Region 

By Line of Business 

By Industry 
New equipment deliveries 

* Industrial segments and agriculture 

Compelling Value Proposition 

•  Great products and territories 

o  Aligned with Caterpillar – world’s best heavy equipment company 
o  Operating in high-quality regions with significant growth opportunities 

•  Resilient business model 

o  Machine population drives stable product support business 
o  Customer diversification across many sectors 
o  Cost discipline and decisive actions to navigate through market downturn 
o  Advancing operational priorities to transform the business for sustainable profitability 

•  Relatively consistent EBITDA and strong free cash flow conversion throughout the business cycle 
•  Strong financial position and attractive dividend yield 

$ millions, except where specified

EBITDA(1)

Net rental expenditures(2)

Net capital expenditures(3)

Free cash flow (FCF)

FCF conversion(4)

2013

737

(73)

(74)

441

60%

2014

749

(35)

(63)

483

64%

2015

604

(24)

(54)

325

54%

Net debt to EBITDA ratio(1)

Dividends as % of EBITDA(1)

Dividends as % of FCF

21%

16%

14%

2.0

1.7

1.3

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

38%

23%

24%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

2013

2014

2015

(1) Excluding significant items in 2015 and 2014 
(2) Additions to rental equipment less proceeds on disposal of rental equipment 
(3) Additions to property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, and distribution network less proceeds on disposal of property, plant, and equipment 
(4) Free cash flow divided by EBITDA

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Message from Chairman of the Board 

In the nearly two decades that I have been 
proudly associated with Finning, I have watched 
the company move through dynamic markets and 
ever-changing economic cycles. No matter what 
the market delivers, Finning adapts and ultimately 
emerges stronger and more resilient. 

There are many examples of the company’s 
evolution. Finning has continued to diversify and 
grow and the acquisition of the Saskatchewan 
dealership in 2015 furthers this strategy giving us 
access to more geographic territories, end 
markets and revenue streams. The product 
support business has expanded in size and 
sophistication, helping to sustain Finning through 
economic downturns. And Finning’s enviable 
business model continues to deliver strong 
returns and strong cash flow even through the 
down cycle. We saw this in 2015 as the company 
generated strong EBITDA(1) and cash flow despite 
the headwinds created by weak commodity 
prices. I am very pleased with the structural 
changes Finning’s leadership team is making to 
move the company toward improved operating 
performance. 

Like the company, Finning’s Board of Directors 
also evolves to meet changing needs. It is the 
duty of the board to provide the strategic oversight 
as Finning implements its strategies, and we are 
charged with protecting and enhancing 
shareholder value. We believe board renewal is 
an essential ingredient in our ability to fulfill these 
duties and provide sound corporate governance. 
We must ensure the board has the optimal 
composition to support the strategic priorities of 
the business and reflect the diversity of our 
stakeholders.   

To this end, we have welcomed four new directors 
to the Finning Board in the past two years, each 
of whom brings a unique and extensive set of 
skills and experience. Most recently, we 
appointed Stuart Levenick as a director in March 
2016. Stuart brings a wealth of corporate 
executive experience gained over the course of 
his 37-year career at Caterpillar, which included 
10 years as Group President prior to his 
retirement from the company. He has a strong 
background in marketing and general 

(1) Excluding significant items as described on page 3 of the Company’s MD&A. 

management, as well as broad global experience 
gained from assignments in the United States, 
Canada, Russia, Asia Pacific and Japan. Stuart 
has been a valuable partner to the Finning 
organization in his past role and we look forward 
to leveraging his direct industry experience and 
knowledge to ensure Finning continues to deliver 
value for its customers while advancing its 
operational priorities.  

In February 2016, we also announced that I will 
be stepping down as Chairman of the Board and 
Mike Wilson will be taking over this role. Mike 
joined Finning's Board of Directors in January 
2013 bringing decades of international and 
executive leadership experience, including 10 
years as President and Chief Executive Officer of 
Agrium. I am confident that his vast experience 
and skills will serve Mike well as he takes on this 
role and continues to support management in 
their commitment to driving shareholder value 
creation. 

It has been a pleasure serving as Chairman of the 
Finning Board and to participate in the evolution 
of this strong and resilient company. I also look 
forward to my continued association with Finning 
as a Board member. 

In closing, I would like to thank Finning employees 
for their dedication through a challenging but 
successful year. I would also like to thank 
Caterpillar for being a strong strategic partner and 
my fellow Board members and the Finning 
executive team for their ongoing leadership.   

For more information about our corporate 
governance policies, please review the Finning 
management proxy circular and visit the corporate 
governance section at www.finning.com 

On behalf of your Board of Directors, 

Doug Whitehead 
Chairman of the Board 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Message from President and CEO 

Finning’s trademark resilience and determination 
underlined our performance in 2015 as we took 
decisive action to reduce our cost structure amidst 
a challenging macro-economic backdrop while 
accelerating the pace of implementing operational 
improvements to set the stage for future success. 
Due to our diligent focus on the factors we control, 
we realized our best ever safety performance, 
generated strong EBITDA(1) and free cash flow, 
achieved sustainable operating improvements 
and maintained a solid balance sheet.  

Transforming the business for sustainable 
profitability 
Well before the drop in commodity prices, we 
were working hard to make Finning a stronger 
company by advancing an agenda focused on 
safety and talent management, customer and 
market leadership, service excellence, supply 
chain, and asset utilization. Against a challenging 
backdrop that saw oil and copper prices fall to 
multi-year lows during the year, we made real 
progress advancing these operational imperatives 
to transform our business for sustainable 
profitability. While we recognize that there is more 
work ahead of us to improve our operating 
performance over time as measured by an 
increased return on invested capital, we have built 
significant positive momentum and this was 
reflected in an increase in customer loyalty in 
each of our regions. I am also particularly proud of 
the steps we have taken to strengthen the safety 
of our operations. Through various initiatives and 
increased collaboration, Finning achieved a 21 
percent decline in total reportable injury frequency 
in 2015 relative to 2014. This marks a new record 
and moves us closer to our goal of ensuring every 
one of our people goes home safely each and 
every day.   

Importantly, Finning also moved quickly to adjust 
to the market conditions we faced in 2015. As 
mining activity in South America and Canada 
slowed, the impact on new equipment demand 
was felt not only in the mining and oil and gas 
sectors, but in general construction and other 
market segments as well. Taking our cue from our 
South American region’s 2014 market response, 
we knew that having the right cost structure in 
place would be essential to protecting Finning 
through the market downturn. Facing lower 
revenues, we made the difficult but disciplined 
decision to reduce our global workforce by 
approximately 15 percent in 2015. In light of 

(1) Excluding significant items as described on page 3 of the Company’s MD&A. 

continuing low commodity prices, we announced 
a further reduction in February 2016. By mid-
2016, we will have reduced our global workforce 
by 20 percent since peak employment levels in 
2013. 

Our initiatives also included an assessment of our 
Canadian facilities to determine how we can 
support our customers with a more effective and 
efficient network. To this end, we are in the 
process of closing 33 facilities effectively reducing 
our Canadian facilities footprint by over 20 
percent. 

I am keenly aware that these are difficult 
decisions for our employees. However, given the 
environment and our view that markets will remain 
depressed for a prolonged period, these moves 
were necessary to ensure Finning is able to 
deliver value for our customers. And while the 
economic environment has been a catalyst for 
these actions, we have been deliberate about how 
we are restructuring and redistributing our 
activities. We are reshaping Finning in a way that 
maintains and improves our customer support 
capabilities in line with our commitment to earning 
customer loyalty. We are not just cutting costs. 
We are structurally improving our processes, 
transforming our supply chain and taking actions 
to consistently deliver service excellence to our 
customers.   

We are creating a leaner, more agile organization 
that can better support customers through 
economic volatility. In the process, we expect to 
improve our own profitability through the cycle 
creating a company that is exceptionally well-
positioned when the challenges of today abate.   

Committed to generating strong free cash flow 
and returning capital to shareholders 
At the outset of this letter, I noted that our 2015 
achievements included strong cash flow 
generation. Since 2013, Finning has generated 
nearly $1.3 billion in free cash flow, including 
$325 million in 2015. This strong performance 
reflects our ability to convert EBITDA to free cash 
flow through our capital discipline and focus on 
working capital management. This in turn has 
supported our ability to complete a strategic 
acquisition and maintain our track record of 
returning capital to shareholders while preserving 
a strong financial position: 

 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
•  During 2015, we acquired the Caterpillar 
dealership in Saskatchewan for cash 
consideration of $241 million. This 
acquisition is a great strategic fit for 
Finning, representing a compelling growth 
opportunity for our employees, customers, 
and shareholders. In addition, the 
expansion into Saskatchewan offers a 
diversification into new markets, including 
agriculture, potash and uranium mining.   
•  We increased our annualized dividend by 

2 cents to $0.73 per share.   

•  We also launched a share repurchase 

program, acquiring over $90 million worth 
of our shares through the year. We 
consider share buybacks to be an 
effective us of excess cash when our 
shares are trading at a significant 
discount. 

As we move into 2016, we are on track to 
continue generating strong free cash flow while 
maintaining a healthy financial position.  

Strengthening our company for future success 
Looking ahead, we expect to see continued 
uncertainty in the global economy. While we are 
not immune to this reality, I am confident that the 
step change in how we run our business will result 
in Finning coming out of the downturn stronger 
than ever. We are already on track to achieve 
$150 million in permanent SG&A savings in our 
Canadian business in 2016 relative to 2014 
levels, and we expect further structural savings 
from cost reductions announced in February 
2016.  

As we continue to strengthen Finning, we have a 
strong team in place to guide us. In March 2015, 
we welcomed Steve Nielsen as our Chief 
Financial Officer. More recently, Chad Hiley was 
appointed as our Chief Human Resources Officer, 
and Kevin Parkes stepped into the role of 
Managing Director for Finning UK & Ireland. 
Ultimately, it is the 13,000 employees across all of 
our operations who are the cornerstone of our 
success and our commitment to our customers. I 
thank every one of you for helping us do more for 
our customers and doing it better than ever in 
2015. 

I would also like to take this opportunity to thank 
Caterpillar for their ongoing partnership, our 
customers and shareholders for your loyalty and 
support, as well as our Board of Directors for their 
guidance. I especially want to express my 
gratitude to Doug Whitehead, who is stepping 
down from his role as Chairman of the Board. 
Prior to becoming the Chairman of the Board in 
2008, Doug served as CEO of Finning and I look 
forward to continuing to benefit from his valuable 
experience in his role as a member of the Board. 

We are on the right path to transforming our 
business to drive long-term value. Our business 
model is robust and we will control what we can. 
We will continue to advance our operational 
priorities to make Finning a leaner, more agile 
organization focused on partnering with our 
customers for mutual success. 

Scott Thomson 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

February 17, 2016 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS  
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Finning International Inc. (Finning or the Company) should 
be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2015 and the accompanying notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS). All dollar amounts presented in this MD&A are expressed in Canadian dollars, unless 
otherwise stated. Additional information relating to the Company, including its current Annual Information Form 
(AIF), can be found on the SEDAR (System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval) website at 
www.sedar.com. 

Finning International Inc. (TSX:FTT) is the world’s largest Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar) dealer delivering unrivalled 
service for over 80 years. The Company sells, rents, and provides parts and service for equipment and engines to 
customers in various industries, including mining, construction, petroleum, forestry, and a wide range of power 
systems applications. Finning delivers solutions that enable customers to achieve the lowest equipment owning and 
operating costs while maximizing uptime.  

2015 Annual Highlights 

(cid:120)  Significant positive free cash flow(2) of $325 million during 2015 (2014: $483 million cash generation) 
(cid:120)  Revenue of $6.2 billion was down 11% from 2014 due to a 24% decrease in new equipment revenue, reflecting 

lower demand from mining and construction sectors in the Company’s Canadian and South American operations, 
a result of the decline in copper and oil prices.  

(cid:120)  Product support revenues and margins were comparable to the prior year despite challenging market conditions 

reflecting improved service profitability as a result of operational excellence initiatives implemented throughout 
the year.   

(cid:120)  EBIT(1) was a loss of $(105) million and EBIT margin(2) was (1.7)% in 2015. 2014 EBIT was $504 million and EBIT 
margin was 7.3%. A difficult macro economic environment and prolonged weak market conditions in the current 
and foreseeable future, together with the resultant actions taken by the Company to align its cost structure to 
lower market activity and improve operational results in the long-term, had the following significant impacts to the 
Company’s 2015 results: 

(cid:120)  $338 million impairment loss related to the shovels and drills distribution network and goodwill in the 

Company’s South American and UK & Ireland operations 

(cid:120)  $53 million in costs relating to the restructuring of the facilities footprint, primarily in the Canadian 

operations  

(cid:120)  $48 million in severance costs due to the global workforce reduction of approximately 1,900 people or 13%  
(cid:120)  $42 million of higher than usual inventory and other asset impairment charges 

(cid:120)  Excluding costs relating to the impairment loss, facilities restructuring, severance, inventory and asset 

impairment charges noted above, as well as $7 million of net costs related to a foreign exchange loss in 
Argentina and other investing activities, 2015 EBIT would have been $383 million and EBIT margin would have 
been 6.2%. Operationally, after taking into account these significant adjustments, EBIT was down compared to 
the prior year mainly due to reduced sales volumes in the mining and construction sectors, lower margins from 
new, used and rental equipment as a result of challenging market conditions. 

(cid:120)  EBITDA(1)(2) in 2015 was $126 million with a net debt to EBITDA ratio(2) of 9.5x. Excluding the significant items 

noted above (not included in depreciation and amortization), 2015 EBITDA would have been $604 million with a 
net debt to EBITDA ratio of 2.0x, reflecting balance sheet strength. 

(cid:120)  During 2015 the Company repurchased 4.4 million of its common shares for cancellation at a cost of 

approximately $91 million. 

(cid:120)  The Company acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. for cash consideration of $241 million and became 

the approved Caterpillar dealer in Saskatchewan. During Q4 2015 the Company sold its business in Uruguay and 
recorded a gain on sale of $8 million. 

(1)  Earnings Before Finance Costs and Income Taxes (EBIT); Earnings Before Finance Costs, Income taxes, Depreciation and Amortization 

(EBITDA). 

(2)  These financial metrics do not have a standardized meaning under IFRS, which are also referred to herein as Generally Accepted 

Accounting Principles (GAAP). For additional information regarding these financial metrics, see the heading “Description of Non-GAAP 
Measures” later in this MD&A. 2015 annual results were impacted by a number of significant items management does not consider 
indicative of operational and financial trends either by nature or amount. These significant items are described on page 3 in this MD&A; of 
the significant items described, $10 million was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense.  

1 

 
 
 
Operational Excellence Agenda & Key Performance Measures 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

The Company is focused on building 
shareholder value by improving 
return on invested capital. With 
safety and talent management as the 
foundation, management is executing 
on the following operational priorities: 
customer & market leadership; 
supply chain optimization; service 
excellence; and asset utilization. 
These priorities are linked directly to 
improving EBIT performance and 
capital efficiency.  

Years ended December 31 
Return on Invested Capital (2) (%) 
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
EBIT (3) ($ millions)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 

2015 (3) 

2014 

2013 

2012 
(restated)(1) 

2011 
(restated)(1) 

(3.0)% 
5.5% 
(12.8)% 
(1.4)% 

(105) 
98 
(174) 
(5) 

15.3% 
17.1% 
14.6% 
16.3% 

504 
284 
196 
50 

15.7% 
15.9% 
17.6% 
16.4% 

521 
263 
249 
43 

16.5% 
15.7% 
19.7% 
16.3% 

489 
231 
239 
45 

16.0% 
14.4% 
20.0% 
18.3% 

374 
167 
195 
47 

7.3% 
7.8% 
8.8% 
4.8% 

7.7% 
7.8% 
9.9% 
4.9% 

6.3% 
5.7% 
9.2% 
5.6% 

7.4% 
7.1% 
9.9% 
5.0% 

3,106 
1,475 
1,348 
284 

3,240 
1,760 
1,122 
321 

(1.7)% 
3.2% 
(8.4)% 
(0.5)% 

EBIT Margin (%)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
Invested Capital (2) ($ millions)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
Invested Capital Turnover (2) (times)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
Inventory ($ millions) 
Inventory Turns (times) (2) 
Working Capital to Sales Ratio (2) (%) 
Free Cash Flow ($ millions)  
Net Debt to Invested Capital (2) (%) 
EBITDA (2) ($ millions) 
Net Debt to EBITDA (2) Ratio  
(1)  The 2012 and 2011 comparative results described in this table have been restated to reflect the Company’s adoption of the amendments to 

2.53x 
2.53x 
2.18x 
3.26x 
1,443 
2.95x 
22.8% 
(221) 
42.0% 
548 
1.8 

2.10x 
2.19x 
1.66x 
3.43x 
1,661 
2.81x 
26.1% 
483 
31.4% 
720 
1.4 

2.04x 
2.03x 
1.78x 
3.37x 
1,756 
2.74x 
26.5% 
441 
40.8% 
737 
1.7 

2.22x 
2.22x 
1.98x 
3.25x 
1,930 
2.43x 
24.5% 
(37) 
50.0% 
701 
2.2 

1.75x 
1.70x 
1.52x 
2.92x 
1,800 
2.26x 
32.7% 
325 
36.7% 
126 
9.5 

3,131 
1,589 
1,298 
260 

2,320 
1,175 
898 
234 

3,138 
1,488 
1,391 
265 

IAS 19, Employee Benefits, for the financial year beginning January 1, 2013. 

(2)  These financial metrics do not have a standardized meaning under IFRS. For additional information regarding these financial metrics, 

(3) 

including definitions, see the heading “Description of Non-GAAP Measures” later in this MD&A.  
2015 reported financial metrics were impacted by a number of significant items management does not consider indicative of operational and 
financial trends either by nature or amount. These significant items are described on page 3 in this MD&A; of the significant items described, 
$10 million was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense. Excluding the significant items not included in depreciation and 
amortization, annual 2015 EBITDA would have been $604 million and Net Debt to EBITDA ratio would have been 2.0x.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Annual Overview of Operations and Financial Performance  

For the years ended December 31 

2015 

2014 

2015 

2014 

 ($ millions) 

(% of revenue) 

Revenue 

Gross profit 

 $ 

6,190 

1,814 

 $ 

6,918 

2,062 

Selling, general & administrative expenses (SG&A) 

(1,542) 

(1,556) 

Equity earnings of joint venture and associate 

Other expenses 

Other income 

Impairment on distribution network and goodwill  
EBIT  
Finance costs  

Recovery (provision) for income taxes 

Net (loss) income  

Basic earnings per share (EPS)  
EBITDA  
Free cash flow  

5 

(52) 

8 

(338) 

(105) 

(85) 

29 

(161) 

(0.94) 

126 

325 

 $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12 

(14) 

— 

— 

504 

(85) 

(101) 

318 

1.85 

720 

483 

 $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

29.3% 

(24.9)% 

0.1% 

(0.8)% 

0.1% 

29.8% 

(22.5)% 

0.2% 

(0.2)% 

— 

(5.5)% 

     — 

(1.7)% 

(1.4)% 

0.5% 

(2.6)% 

7.3% 

(1.2)% 

(1.5)% 

4.6% 

2.0% 

10.4% 

Significant items that affected reported annual 2015 and 2014 results which are not considered by management to 
be indicative of operational and financial trends included: 

2015 significant items: 

(cid:120)  Due to a difficult macro economic environment in the current and foreseeable future, the Company recorded a 

total impairment loss of $338 million related to its shovels and drills distribution network related and goodwill. 
(cid:120)  Restructured its facility footprint in all operations and recorded $53 million in costs related to facility closures and 

consolidations.  

(cid:120)  Recorded severance costs of $48 million related to the global workforce reduction during the year as the 

Company aligns its cost structure to lower market activity.  

(cid:120)  $42 million higher than usual inventory and other asset impairments primarily related to aged and industry 

specific inventory and rental assets due to prolonged weak market conditions.  

(cid:120)  $12 million foreign exchange (FX) loss due to the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso (ARS) to the U.S. 

dollar (USD)  

(cid:120)  $8 million gain on sale of Uruguay business; $3 million acquisition costs related to the purchase of Kramer Ltd. 
(cid:120)  Recognition of tax benefits from capital losses and higher tax expense from change in statutory tax rate in its 

Canadian operations. 

For the year ended December 31, 2015 
($ millions except per share amounts) 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & 
Ireland 

Other 

Consol  

Distribution network and goodwill impairment 

Facility closures and restructuring costs 

Severance costs 

Inventory and other asset impairments   

FX and tax impact on devaluation of ARS  

Acquisition and disposal of businesses, net 

— 

48 

27 

16 

— 

— 

324 

3 

15 

10 

12 

— 

14 

2 

6 

16 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(5) 

Capital loss utilized and tax rate change 
Impact of significant items(1) on EBIT and EPS:  $ 
(5) 
(1)  Of the significant items described above, $10 million was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense.  

364 

91 

38 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

EPS 

1.54 

0.23 

0.21 

0.19 

0.14 

(0.03) 

(0.05) 

338 

53 

48 

42 

12 

(5) 

— 

$ 

488 

$  2.23 

For the year ended December 31, 2014 
($ millions except per share amounts) 

Severance and labour disruption costs 

ERP write-off in South American operations  

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & 
Ireland 

Other 

Consol  

6 

— 

10 

12 

22 

1 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

1 

$  — 

$ 

17 

12 

29 

EPS 

0.07 

0.06 

$  0.13 

Impact of significant items on EBIT and EPS: 

$ 

6 

$ 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue

The Company generated revenue of $6.2 billion during 
2015, a decrease of 11% from 2014. Revenue was 
down in all operations, particularly in new equipment 
sales in the Company’s Canadian and South American 
operations due to weaker market conditions resulting 
from the downturn in commodity markets.  

New equipment sales declined by 24% compared to 
2014, driven by the Company’s Canadian and South 
America operations as a result of the weaker 
construction, mining and power systems sectors. The 
decline in oil and copper prices have resulted in a 
reduction in mining and construction activities and a 
delay of investments in infrastructure projects.  

Reflecting weak market conditions, equipment order 
backlog (1) was $500 million at the end of 2015, down 
from $1.0 billion at the end of 2014.

Product support revenue was comparable to the same 
period in 2014. Increases in the Company’s South 
American and UK & Ireland operations, as a result of 
translating revenue with a weaker Canadian dollar, 
were partially offset by an 8% decrease in the 
Company’s Canadian operations due primarily to lower 
activity levels from construction and mining sectors as 
some customers delayed maintenance work.  

Product support revenue in the Company’s South 
American operations was down 7% in functional 
currency (U.S. dollars), primarily due to a decrease in 
parts revenue from the Chilean mining sector. Product 
support revenue in the Company’s UK & Ireland 
operations was down slightly in functional currency 
(U.K. pound sterling) due to a decrease in parts 
revenue in most sectors. 

Used equipment revenue was up 26%, reflecting 
market demand and efforts to reduce used equipment 
inventory. An 18% decrease in rental revenue was a 
result of the weaker short-term rental market and 
increased competition in the Company’s Canadian 
operations relative to a year ago. Rental revenue in  

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)

Line of Business

2014

2015

1
8
3
3

,

2
5
3
3

,

1
7
2

1
4
3

8
5
3

3
9
2

3,800

1,900

0

5
8
8
2

,

8
8
1
2

,

New
Equipment

Used
Equipment

Equipment
Rental

Product
Support

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 

Operating Regions

2014

2015

4
3
6

,

3

4
5
0

,

3

7
2
2

,

2

9
5
0

,

2

7
5
0

,

1

7
7
0

,

1

3,800

1,900

0

3
2

6
1

Other

Canada

South America

UK & Ireland

South America and the UK & Ireland was largely 
unchanged in 2015 compared to the prior year period.  

Foreign currency translation of the results of the 
Company’s South American and UK & Ireland 
operations had a positive impact on revenue of 
approximately $300 million, primarily due to the 16% 
weaker Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar and 
7% weaker Canadian dollar relative to the U.K. pound 
sterling in 2015 compared to last year. However, the 
foreign currency translation impact on EBIT was 
minimal. 

1) These financial metrics do not have a standardized meaning under IFRS. For additional information regarding these financial metrics, including 
definitions, see the heading “Description of Non-GAAP Measures” later in this MD&A. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Before Finance Costs and Income Taxes 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 

2014 EBIT 

Operating variance 

Distribution network and goodwill impairment 

Facility closures and restructuring costs 

Inventory and other asset impairments 

Higher severance costs 

FX loss on devaluation of ARS  

Acquisition and disposal of businesses 

ERP write-off (2014) 

2015 EBIT 

Consol  

$ 

504 

(150) 

(338) 

(53) 

(42) 

(31) 

(12) 

5 

12 

$ 

(105) 

Gross profit of $1.8 billion in 2015 was down 12% 
compared to 2014 and in line with lower revenues, with 
customers focusing on reducing operating costs in a 
challenging economic environment and increased 
competitive pressures. 
Gross profit margin of 29.3% was down slightly from 
2014 despite a revenue mix shift to higher margin 
product support sales. Product support revenue 
comprised 54% of total revenue in 2015 compared to 
49% in 2014. Lower margins earned on new, used, and 
rental equipment due to a competitive market were 
partly offset by improved service margins earned from 
all operations due to the implementation of operational 
excellence initiatives. Contributing to lower gross profit 
margins were higher than usual inventory and rental 
asset impairments due to the prolonged weak global 
market conditions, particularly in the mining and oil and 
gas sectors.  

SG&A costs in 2015 were slightly lower than the prior 
year. Cost savings achieved from all operations as a 
result of the execution of operational excellence 
programs, cost reduction measures, and lower sales 
volumes were offset by $31 million higher global 
severance costs, a $12 million foreign exchange loss 
on the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso, 
and a $6 million write-off of an intangible asset.  
Excluding severance, Argentine peso foreign exchange 
loss and the impairment noted above, SG&A 
decreased by approximately 5% from 2014. This 
decrease reflects global cost savings from operational 
improvements, headcount reductions and volume-
related decreases, partially offset by inflationary and 
statutory salary increases.  
The Company reported an EBIT loss of $(105) million 
in 2015 compared to $504 million earned in 2014. 
Excluding the significant items noted on page 3 of this 
MD&A, 2015 EBIT would have been $383 million, lower 
compared to the prior year period primarily due to the 
Company’s Canadian and South American operations, 
as a result of reduced mining and construction activity.  

5 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

The Company’s EBIT margin was negative (1.7)% in 
2015, compared to 7.3% earned in 2014. Excluding the 
significant items noted on page 3 of this MD&A, EBIT 
margin for 2015 would have been 6.2% and lower 
compared to the prior year mainly due to SG&A costs 
not decreasing as quickly as the revenue decline, as 
benefits from cost and restructuring initiatives recently 
implemented have not yet been fully realized. 
Excluding the higher than usual inventory and rental 
asset impairments recorded in the year, the total gross 
profit margin would have been comparable to the prior 
year, reflecting the benefit from a mix shift to higher 
margin product support revenues. 

EBITDA 
EBITDA for 2015 was $126 million (2014: $720 million) 
and net debt to EBITDA ratio was 9.5x. Excluding the 
significant items (not included in depreciation and 
amortization) noted on page 3 of this MD&A, EBITDA 
for 2015 would have been $604 million and the net debt 
to EBITDA ratio would have been 2.0x and was down 
from the prior year period mainly due to the lower 
earnings from the Company’s Canadian operations.    

Finance Costs  
Finance costs in 2015 were $85 million and 
comparable to the prior year period. Prior year finance 
costs included a $4 million gain on a foreign currency 
swap contract.  

Provision for Income Taxes 
Income tax recovery for the year ended 2015 was $29 
million (2014 tax expense: $101 million).  
Finning’s effective income tax rate for 2015 was 15.7%, 
down from 24.1% in the prior year, mainly due to non-
deductible goodwill impairment losses, partly offset by 
a higher annual effective tax rate for Argentina due to 
the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso.  

The Company’s effective income tax rate will fluctuate 
from period to period as a result of changes in the 
source of income from various jurisdictions, estimate of 
tax reserves, changes in tax rates and tax legislation. 
Management expects the Company’s effective tax rate 
to generally be within the 25-30% range on an annual 
basis.  

Net Income
The Company reported a net loss of $(161) million or 
basic EPS of $(0.94) per share in 2015 compared to a 
net income of $318 million or basic EPS of $1.85 per 
share in 2014. Excluding the significant items noted on 
page 3 of this MD&A, annual 2015 EPS would have 
been $1.29, lower than the prior year primarily due to 
lower sales volumes and compressed profit margins, 
reflecting the challenging economic conditions in all 
regions.

 
 
 
 
 
Invested Capital 

($ millions,  
unless otherwise stated) 

December 31, 
2015 

September 30, 
2015 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Increase 
(Decrease) 
from  
September 30, 
2015 

December 31, 
2014 

Increase 
(Decrease) 
from 
December 31, 
2014 

Consolidated 

Canada  

South America 

UK & Ireland  

South America (U.S. dollar) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

UK & Ireland (U.K. pound sterling)  £ 

3,240 

1,760 

1,122 

321 

811 

157 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

3,802 

1,871 

1,485 

442 

1,108 

219 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

(562) 

(111) 

(363) 

(121) 

(297) 

(62) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

3,106 

1,475 

1,348 

284 

1,162 

157 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

£ 

134 

285 

(226) 

37 

(351) 

0 

The $134 million increase in consolidated invested capital from 2014 to 2015 was affected by approximately $200 
million of foreign exchange, as a result of the 19% weaker Canadian dollar (CAD) relative to the U.S. dollar (USD) 
and the 13% weaker CAD relative to the U.K. pound sterling (GBP) in translating the Company’s South American 
and UK & Ireland operations’ invested capital balances. 

Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, consolidated invested capital decreased by $66 million from 2014 
primarily driven by: 

(cid:120)  decrease in accounts receivable balances from the Company’s South American and Canadian operations 

as a result of higher collections combined with lower sales volumes during the year 

(cid:120)  decrease in intangible assets reflecting the impairment loss recognized on the distribution network and 

goodwill in the South American and UK & Ireland operations in 2015 

(cid:120)  decrease in fixed assets mainly due to facility closures in the Company’s Canadian operations 

These decreases were partly offset by: 

(cid:120)  a decrease in accounts payable balances in the Company’s South American and Canadian operations as a 

result of lower inventory purchases made during the year 

(cid:120)  higher equipment inventory levels in the Company’s Canadian operations, reflecting the slowdown in market 

activity, were largely offset by lower parts levels in the Company’s Canadian and South American 
operations due to the execution of supply chain initiatives 

(cid:120) 

the $241 million acquisition of the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. in the Company’s Canadian operations, 
primarily made up of inventory, rental equipment and accounts receivable 

Compared to December 2014, in functional currency, invested capital in the Company’s South American operations 
was down 30% (down 17% in CAD) and was unchanged in the UK & Ireland operations (up 13% in CAD).  

Consolidated invested capital decreased by $562 million from Q3 2015 to Q4 2015 primarily driven by: 

(cid:120)  decrease in intangible assets reflecting the impairment loss recognized on the distribution network and 

goodwill in the South American and UK & Ireland operations in Q4 2015 

(cid:120)  decrease in inventory in all operations, primarily new equipment inventory in the South American and UK & 
Ireland operations, and a reduction in parts inventory in the Canadian operations, reflecting a focused effort 
to manage working capital and align inventory levels to current market demand  

(cid:120)  decrease in fixed assets as a result of facility closures and impairment on properties in all the operations 

and a decrease in rental assets  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on invested capital  
Consolidated 

Canada  
South America 

UK & Ireland  

Invested Capital Turnover 
Consolidated 

Canada  

South America  

UK & Ireland  

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

December 31,  
2015 

September 30,  
2015 

December 31,  
2014 

(3.0)% 

5.5% 
(12.8)% 

(1.4)% 

1.75x 

1.70x 

1.52x 

2.92x 

11.0% 

10.9% 
13.2% 

10.5% 

1.85x 

1.92x 

1.50x 

2.91x 

15.3% 

17.1% 
14.6% 

16.3% 

2.10x 

2.19x 

1.66x 

3.43x 

Return on invested capital (ROIC) 
ROIC at Q4 2015 was (3.0)%, a decrease from Q3 2015 of 11.0% and Q4 2014 of 15.3%. The decline in ROIC 
reflects the negative impact the downturn in resources and construction sectors have had on the Company’s 
earnings. Also negatively impacting the Company’s 2015 ROIC were significant items as described on page 3 of this 
MD&A. The Company will continue to monitor business conditions closely in all its operations and further align its 
invested capital with expected activity levels when necessary. 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

In the Company’s Canadian operations, ROIC decreased to 5.5% from 10.9% in Q3 2015 and 17.1% in Q4 
2014, driven primarily by lower earnings compared to the prior year period combined with a higher average 
invested capital. Average invested capital levels were higher compared to the prior year period mainly due 
to higher new equipment inventory levels and lower accounts payables, partly offset by lower accounts 
receivables.  

In the Company’s South American operations, ROIC of (12.8)% decreased compared to 13.2% in Q3 2015 
and 14.6% in Q4 2014 primarily due to lower 2015 EBIT, which included a $324 million impairment loss on 
its distribution network and goodwill. In functional currency, average invested capital decreased by US$165 
million or 14% from Q4 2014 and was mainly due to the impairment loss on the shovels and drills 
distribution network and goodwill, lower inventory levels and accounts receivables, partly offset by lower 
accounts payables. In functional currency, there was a decrease in working capital balances compared to 
the prior year period, reflecting the continued focus on inventory management.  

(cid:120) 

In the Company’s UK & Ireland operations, ROIC of (1.4)% in Q4 2015 was down compared to Q4 2014, 
driven by the decline in EBIT for the last year, which included a $14 million goodwill impairment loss, as 
average invested capital increased slightly compared to the prior year period.   

Invested capital turnover  

(cid:120) 

Invested capital turnover at December 31, 2015 was 1.75 times, down from December 31, 2014 and 
September 30, 2015, primarily due to reduced sales volumes in 2015 as well as higher invested capital 
(driven by higher equipment inventories), reflecting the challenging market conditions. Compared to the prior 
year, all operations reported a lower invested capital turnover. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Other developments 

Effective July 1, 2015 the Company acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. and became the approved 
Caterpillar dealer in Saskatchewan. The acquired dealership business in Saskatchewan adds to Finning's Western 
Canadian operations in British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and part of Nunavut. This 
diversifies the Company's revenue base into sectors such as potash and uranium and provides a platform for long-
term growth opportunities and diversification into new markets. Cash consideration of $241 million was paid at the 
time of acquisition. The purchase price represents the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. 
Acquisition costs of approximately $3 million were included in Q3 2015 results. The results of the newly acquired 
dealership business in Saskatchewan have been included in the Company’s Canadian operations’ reportable 
segment since the date of acquisition.  

As part of a broader repositioning of the Caterpillar dealership network, on December 1, 2015, the Company sold 
the shares of its wholly owned subsidiary, Finning Uruguay S.A. (Uruguay dealership) for proceeds of $22 million, of 
which $15 million was received in cash and the remaining balance recognized as a receivable in the Company’s 
statement of financial position. The sale resulted in a gain of approximately $8 million, including $4 million of foreign 
cumulative translation gains reclassified to earnings. 

Annual Results by Reportable Segment 

The Company and its subsidiaries operate primarily in one principal business: the selling, servicing, and renting of 
heavy equipment, engines, and related products in various markets worldwide as noted below. Finning’s reportable 
segments are as follows:  

(cid:120)  Canadian operations: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan (beginning July 1, 2015), Yukon, the 

Northwest Territories, and a portion of Nunavut. 

(cid:120)  South American operations: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay (up to December 1, 2015), and Bolivia.   
(cid:120)  UK & Ireland operations: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. 

The table below provides details of revenue by operations and lines of business. 

For year ended December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK 
 & Ireland 

Consolidated 

Revenue 
percentage 

New equipment 

Used equipment 

Equipment rental 

Product support  

Other 

Total 

New equipment 

Used equipment 

Equipment rental 

Product support  

Other 

Total 

Revenue percentage by operations 

49% 

33% 

18% 

For year ended December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK 
 & Ireland 

Consolidated 

Revenue 
percentage 

$ 

1,072 

$ 

474 

$ 

642 

$ 

2,188 

221 

194 

1,565 

2 

45 

67 

1,469 

4 

75 

32 

318 

10 

$ 

3,054 

$ 

2,059 

$ 

1,077 

$ 

$ 

1,467 

$ 

751 

$ 

667 

$ 

2,885 

192 

261 

1,708 

6 

34 

68 

1,372 

2 

45 

29 

301 

15 

$ 

3,634 

$ 

2,227 

$ 

1,057 

$ 

35% 

6% 

5% 

54% 

0% 

100% 

42% 

4% 

5% 

49% 

0% 

100% 

341 

293 

3,352 

16 

6,190 

100% 

271 

358 

3,381 

23 

6,918 

100% 

Revenue percentage by operations 

53% 

32% 

15% 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Canadian Operations  

The Canadian reportable segment includes Finning (Canada), OEM Remanufacturing Company Inc. (OEM), and a 
25% interest in Pipeline Machinery International (PLM). Finning (Canada) sells, services, and rents mainly 
Caterpillar equipment and engines in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, 
and a portion of Nunavut. The Canadian operations’ markets include mining (including the oil sands), construction, 
conventional oil and gas, forestry, and power systems.  

Effective July 1, 2015, the Company acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. in Saskatchewan which is 
included in the results of the Company’s Canadian operations’ segment below. 

The table below provides details of the results from the Canadian operations: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Revenue from external sources 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Equity earnings of joint venture 
Other expenses 
EBIT  
EBIT margin 
EBITDA 
Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 were 
$3.1 billion, a 16% decline from the prior year, driven 
by decreases in new equipment sales and product 
support, reflecting the downturn in mining, energy, and 
construction sectors. As a result of the volatility and 
significant decline of oil prices through 2015, oil sands 
customers reduced mining activity, delayed non-
essential maintenance work, and have insourced some 
service-related activities. The downturn in commodity 
markets also negatively impacted other sectors of the 
economy, in particular, construction and oil and gas. 
With reduced infrastructure projects and lower rig count 
utilization, the demand for product support and capital 
spending for equipment is lower.  

New equipment revenue was down 27% compared with 
2014, largely as a result of reduced construction and 
mining activity in 2015. Deliveries exceeded order 
intake for the fifth consecutive quarter, which resulted 
in lower order backlog levels at December 31, 2015, 
down 56% from December 2014. 

Product support revenue was down 8% from 2014, 
driven mainly by lower demand in the construction and 
mining sectors partially offset by the positive 
contribution from the Saskatchewan dealership. 
Product support revenue comprised 51% of total 
revenue in 2015 compared to 47% last year. 

Rental revenues were down significantly from 2014 as 
a result of weaker demand and more competition. Used 
equipment revenue was up from the prior year mainly 
due to market demand as customers looked for more 
cost effective options.  

Difficult market conditions, including lower commodity 
prices and the weaker Canadian dollar, have led to 
increased competition and challenging pricing 

9 

2015 

2014 

$ 

3,054 
(2,793) 
(121) 
4 
(46) 
98 
3.2% 
219  $ 

$ 

3,634 
(3,246) 
(112) 
8 
— 
284 
7.8% 
396 

  $ 

  $ 

$ 

Canada – Revenue by Line of Business 
For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 

2014

2015

1,800

900

0

8
0
7
,
1

5
6
5
,
1

7
6
4
,
1

2
7
0
,
1

2
9
1

1
2
2

1
6
2

4
9
1

New Equip Used Equip Equip Rental

6

2

Other

Product
Support

dynamics. Gross profit decreased compared to 2014, 
reflecting lower sales volumes and lower margins 
earned on most lines of business. Further affecting 
gross profit in 2015 was a $16 million impairment 
relating to aged and industry specific inventory and 
rental assets due to prolonged weak market conditions. 

Gross profit margin in 2015 was lower than the prior 
year despite a revenue shift to higher margin product 
support sales. This was a result of a higher proportion 
of lower-margin equipment in the sales mix, pricing 
pressures in the construction and mining sectors, a 
weaker and competitive rental market and inventory 
and rental asset impairments noted above.  

Offsetting these declines in gross profit margin were 
higher service margins in 2015 compared to the prior 
year reflecting the implementation of operational 
improvements.  

 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Actions taken by the Company’s Canadian operations 
in 2015 to reduce its cost structure to align with lower 
market activity and to improve its service to customers 
included:  
(cid:120)  workforce reduction of approximately 1,100 or 20% 
which resulted in severance costs of $27 million 
(2014: $6 million severance costs) 
reduction of the Company’s footprint in Western 
Canada by about 20% by late 2016 which resulted 
in $48 million of facility closures and restructuring 
costs: announced closures/consolidation of 32 
facilities and branches, including the centralization 
of the Canadian head office operations from two 
buildings to one  

(cid:120) 

Severance costs were included in SG&A and facility 
closure costs and other related costs were primarily 
recorded in other expenses.  

Excluding the severance and facility restructuring costs, 
SG&A costs decreased nearly 12% compared to 2014. 
Decrease in SG&A costs are primarily due to workforce 
reductions, cost savings initiatives, the benefit from the 
execution of the operational excellence agenda and 
lower variable costs due to reduced sales activity, 
partially offset by costs from the newly acquired 
Saskatchewan business.  
The Canadian operations contributed EBIT of $98 
million in 2015, lower than the $284 million earned in 
the same period of 2014. EBIT margin in 2015 was 
3.2%, down from 7.8% earned in 2014. Excluding the 
significant items summarized on page 3 of this MD&A, 
2015 EBIT would have been $189 million and 2015 
EBIT margin would have been 6.2%, reflecting the 
decrease in sales activity and gross profit margins, 
partially offset by lower SG&A costs. 

South American Operations 

Finning’s South American operations sell, service, and rent mainly Caterpillar equipment and engines in Chile, 
Argentina, Uruguay and Bolivia. The South American operations’ markets include mining, construction, forestry, and 
power systems.  
As part of a broader repositioning of the Caterpillar dealership network, Finning sold its business in Uruguay 
effective December 1, 2015, which generated approximately US$30 million in annual revenue. 
The table below provides details of the results from the South American operations: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Revenue from external sources 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Impairment of distribution network and goodwill  
Capitalized ERP costs written off 
Other expenses  
EBIT 
EBIT margin 
EBITDA 

In 2015, revenue decreased 8% to $2.1 billion 
compared to 2014 (down 20% in functional currency). 
This decrease was primarily driven by a 37% decline in 
new equipment revenue (down 45% in functional 
currency) reflecting reduced mining activity. Product 
support revenue was up 7% (down 7% in functional 
currency).  

The positive translation impact on revenue in the year 
from the weaker Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. 
dollar was partially offset by the negative translation 
impact from the weaker Chilean peso against the U.S. 
dollar compared to 2014. As a result, the net positive 
impact on revenue from foreign currency translation 
was approximately $230 million.

2015 

2014 

2,059 
(1,824) 
(82) 
(324) 
— 
(3) 
(174) 
(8.4)%
(92) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,227 
(1,945) 
(72) 
— 
(12) 
(2) 
196 
8.8%
268 

  $ 

  $ 

$ 

South America – Revenue by Line of Business  
For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 

2014

2015

9
6
4
,
1

2
7
3
,
1

1,400

700

1
5
7

4
7
4

4
3

5
4

8
6

7
6

0

New Equip Used Equip Equip Rental

2

4

Other

Product
Support

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit, in functional currency, decreased 
compared to 2014 reflecting lower sales volumes. 
Contributing to the lower gross profit was a $4 million 
impairment relating to aged, industry specific used 
equipment inventory, reflecting challenging market 
conditions. However, despite the downturn in market 
conditions, gross profit margin increased in 2015 
compared to last year, reflecting improved product 
support margins as well as a mix shift to higher margin 
product support revenues. 
SG&A costs were up 9% in 2015 (down 6% in 
functional currency). The Company’s South American 
operations took the following actions in 2015 to align its 
cost structure to reduced activity levels: 
(cid:120) 

reduced its workforce by approximately 700 people 
or 10%, which resulted in severance costs of $15 
million (2014: $10 million severance and labour 
disruption costs)  

(cid:120)  optimized facility/branch network and recorded a 
related impairment loss of $3 million in other 
expenses 

In December 2015, the new government in Argentina 
removed controls on foreign exchange, resulting in a 
significant 30% devaluation of the peso. As a result, the 
Company’s South American operations recorded a 
foreign exchange loss of approximately $12 million in 
SG&A costs in the current year. 2015 SG&A also 
included an intangible asset impairment of $6 million.  

Excluding significant items noted above (such as 
severance costs, the foreign exchange loss on 
devaluation of the Argentine peso and the intangible 
asset impairment), SG&A, in functional currency, 
decreased by 10% from the prior year period. The 
decrease in SG&A, in functional currency, was primarily 
due to lower operating costs from the weaker Argentine 

UK & Ireland Operations 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

and Chilean pesos relative to the U.S. dollar, lower 
variable costs from reduced sales volumes, and cost 
savings from the reduced workforce. These reductions 
were partially offset by inflationary and statutory salary 
increases.  
Due to the difficult macro economic environment, the 
Company recognized a total impairment loss of $324 
million related to its shovels and drills distribution 
network and goodwill in 2015:  
(cid:120)  $286 million impairment of the distribution network 

in Chile 

(cid:120)  $38 million impairment of goodwill and distribution 

network in Argentina and Bolivia 

For more information on the key assumptions used by 
the Company to value goodwill and intangible assets, 
please see note 20 of the consolidated financial 
statements.  

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the 
Company’s South American operations reported an 
EBIT loss of $(174) million and an EBIT margin of 
negative (8.4)%. Excluding the significant items 
summarized on page 3 of this MD&A, EBIT in 
functional currency would have decreased by 24% 
compared to the prior year, reflecting lower sales 
volumes and gross profit, partially offset by lower 
SG&A costs. Excluding the significant items noted on 
page 3 of this MD&A, EBIT margin for 2015 would have 
been 9.3% and EBIT margin for 2014 would have been 
9.8%.  

The weaker Chilean and Argentine pesos relative to the 
U.S. dollar, combined with the weaker Canadian dollar 
against the U.S. dollar had a minimal foreign currency 
translation impact on EBIT. 

The Company’s UK & Ireland operations sell, service, and rent mainly Caterpillar equipment and engines in 
England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. The UK & Ireland operations’ markets 
include mining, quarrying, construction, and power systems.  

The table below provides details of the results from the UK & Ireland operations: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Revenue from external sources 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Goodwill impairment 
EBIT  
EBIT margin 
EBITDA  

2015 

2014 

  $ 

  $ 

$ 

$ 

1,077 
(1,040) 
(28) 
(14) 

(5)  $ 

(0.5)%
23 

$ 

1,057 
(975) 
(32) 

—
50 
4.8%
82 

11 

 
 
    
 
UK & Ireland – Revenue by Line of Business  
For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 

2014

2015

7
6
6

2
4
6

(cid:120) 

700

350

0

5
7

5
4

9
2

2
3

1
0
3

8
1
3

5
1

0
1

New Equip

Used Equip Equip Rental Prod Support

Other

In 2015, revenue of $1.1 billion was comparable to the 
same period last year. In functional currency, total 
revenue was down 5% compared to 2014. A decrease 
in new equipment revenue in the power systems sector 
was partly offset by higher used equipment sales 
during the year.  

The weaker Canadian dollar relative to the U.K. pound 
sterling had a positive foreign currency translation 
impact on revenue of approximately $70 million in 
2015, which was not significant at the EBIT level.  

Gross profit, in functional currency, in 2015 was down 
compared to 2014 by more than the revenue decline 
due to competitive pressures resulting in lower margins 
in all lines of business. Gross profit margin was down 
compared to last year, primarily due to lower margins 
on new and used equipment sales, mainly from the 
power systems sector. Further affecting gross profit 
margin was a $16 million impairment relating to aged 
inventory and other assets due to weak market 
conditions. Product support gross profit margins were 
comparable to the prior year despite weaker market 
conditions. 

Corporate and Other Operations  

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

The Company took actions to optimize its workforce 
and branch network and align its cost structure to 
current market conditions. As a result, the UK & Ireland 
operations: 
(cid:120) 

reduced their workforce in 2015 by approximately 
200 people or 9% which resulted in severance 
costs of $6 million recorded in SG&A 
recorded a property impairment loss of $2 million in 
SG&A 

SG&A costs were 12% higher in 2015 compared to 
2014 (up 4% in functional currency), driven primarily by 
higher employee-related costs such as severance and 
a property impairment loss.  
Excluding severance costs and the property impairment 
loss, SG&A in functional currency was comparable to 
the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 
2015, the Company’s UK & Ireland operations 
recognized a goodwill impairment loss of $14 million. 
For information on the key assumptions used by the 
Company to value goodwill and intangible assets, 
please see note 20 in the consolidated financial 
statements. 
The UK & Ireland operations reported an EBIT loss of 
$(5) million in 2015 compared to EBIT of $50 million in 
2014. Excluding the significant items, as summarized 
on page 3 of this MD&A, 2015 EBIT would have been 
$33 million, reflecting lower gross profit from decreased 
sales volumes and lower margins, a result of weak 
business activity in the Company’s key markets in the 
UK & Ireland region.  

The UK & Ireland operations reported a negative EBIT 
margin of (0.5)% in 2015 compared to 4.8% earned in 
2014. Excluding the significant items noted on page 3 
of this MD&A, 2015 EBIT margin would have been 
3.1% and was lower than the prior year due to lower 
gross profit margins on new and used equipment for 
the reasons noted above. 

Net operating costs before finance costs and income taxes from the Company’s Corporate and Other Operations 
were $24 million in 2015 compared to $26 million in 2014. Included in this segment are corporate operating costs, as 
well as equity earnings from the Company’s 28.8% investment in Energyst B.V. which were lower in 2015 compared 
to the prior year period. Included in the 2015 results was the gain on the sale of the Uruguay business of $8 million 
and costs of $3 million related to the acquisition of Kramer Ltd.   

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter Overview 

Revenue 
Gross profit 
SG&A  
Equity earnings of joint venture and associate 
Other expenses 
Other income 
Goodwill impairment 
EBIT  
Finance costs  
Recovery (provision) for income taxes 
Net (loss) income    
Basic EPS    
EBITDA     
Free cash flow  
(1) 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Q4 2015 (1)    Q4 2014 
 ($ millions) 

  Q4 2015 

Q4 2014 

(% of revenue) 

 $ 

 $ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

1,518 
413 
(390) 
1 

(43)

8 
(338) 
(349) 
(22) 
62 
(309) 
(1.82) 
(282) 
347 

 $ 

 $ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

1,803 
529 
(393) 
6 
— 

— 

— 
142 
(20) 
(15) 
107 
0.62 
194 
385 

27.2% 
(25.7)% 
0.1% 
(2.8)% 
0.5% 
(22.3)% 
(23.0)% 
(1.5)% 
4.2% 
(20.3)% 

29.3% 
(21.8)%
0.4% 

— 

— 

— 
7.9% 
(1.1)%
(0.9)%
5.9% 

(18.6)% 

10.7% 

Included in 2015 results are significant items that management does not consider indicative of operational and financial trends either by 
nature or amount. These items are described on page 14 of this MD&A. Of the significant items described, $10 million was recorded in 
depreciation and amortization expense.

2015 Fourth Quarter Highlights   

(cid:120)  Generated positive free cash flow of $347 million; reduced its Net Debt to Invested Capital ratio to 36.7%.  
(cid:120)  Revenue of $1.5 billion was down 16% from Q4 2014 due primarily to a 28% decrease in new equipment 

revenue, reflecting lower demand from construction and mining sectors in the Company’s Canadian and South 
American operations, a result of the continued weak market conditions.  

(cid:120)  Product support margins in Q4 2015 improved compared to the prior year period and Q3 2015. Service 
profitability improvements were realized due to the execution of the operational excellence agenda. 

(cid:120)  EBIT loss of $(349) million and EBIT margin of (23.0)% reported in Q4 2015 was lower than the $142 million and 
7.9% earned in Q4 2014. The difficult macro economic environment and weak market conditions in the current 
and foreseeable future, coupled with actions taken by the Company to align its cost structure and improve 
operational results in the long-term, had the following significant impacts to the Company’s Q4 2015 results:  

(cid:120)  $338 million impairment loss related to its shovels and drills distribution network and goodwill in the 

Company’s South American and UK & Ireland operations 

(cid:120)  $45 million restructuring and property impairment costs related to the optimization of facilities and branch 

networks in all operations and $2 million of severance costs   

(cid:120)  $42 million of higher than usual inventory and other asset impairment charges  

(cid:120)  Excluding costs relating to the impairment loss, facilities restructuring, severance, inventory and asset 

impairment charges as noted above, as well as $4 million of net costs related to a foreign exchange loss in 
Argentina and investment activities, Q4 2015 EBIT would have been $82 million and EBIT margin would have 
been 5.4%. Earnings were down compared to prior year mainly due to reduced sales volumes in mining and 
construction sectors and lower equipment and rental margins as a result of challenging market conditions.    

(cid:120)  Q4 2015 EBITDA loss was $(282) million. Excluding the significant items as noted above (not included in 

(cid:120) 

depreciation and amortization), EBITDA would have been $139 million, reflecting balance sheet strength.   
In Q4 2015, the Company repurchased 1.2 million of its common shares for cancellation bringing the total share 
repurchases in 2015 to 4.4 million common shares or $91 million. 

(cid:120)  During Q4 2015 the Company sold its wholly owned subsidiary in Uruguay and recorded a gain on sale of $8 

million. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

During the three months ended December 31, 2015, certain significant items affected the Company’s reported 
results which are not considered by management to be indicative of operational and financial trends either by nature 
or amount. The significant items that affected reported Q4 2015 and 2014 results are as follows: 

Q4 2015 significant items: 

(cid:120)  Total impairment loss of $338 million related to its shovels and drills distribution network and goodwill in the 

Company’s South American and UK & Ireland operations  

(cid:120)  Facility closure and restructuring costs of $45 million  
(cid:120)  $42 million higher than usual inventory and other asset impairments primarily related to aged and industry 

specific inventory and rental assets due to prolonged weak market conditions  

(cid:120)  $12 million foreign exchange loss resulting from the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso and a higher 

annual effective tax rate from the Company’s Argentine operations   

(cid:120)  $8 million gain on sale of Uruguay business  
(cid:120)  Severance costs of $2 million  

For the 3 months ended December 31, 2015 
($ millions except per share amounts) 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & 
Ireland 

Other 

Consol  

Distribution network and goodwill impairment 

Facility closures and restructuring costs 

Inventory and other asset impairments 

FX and tax expense on devaluation of ARS 

Sale of business 

— 

40 

16 

— 

— 

324 

3 

10 

12 

— 

14 

2 

16 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(8) 

Severance costs 
Impact of significant items(1) on EBIT and EPS:  $ 
(1)  Of the significant items described above, $10 million was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense  

34 $ 

349 

56 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

2 

— 

(8) 

EPS 

1.56 

0.19 

0.19 

0.14 

(0.04) 

0.01 

338 

45 

42 

12 

(8) 

2 

$ 

431 

$  2.05 

Q4 2014 significant items: 

(cid:120)  Positive tax impact from an inflation adjustment and lower than expected annual effective tax rate from the 

Company’s Argentine operations ($0.07 per share). 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarterly Key Performance Measures  

The Company’s operational improvement priorities include: customer & market leadership; supply chain 
optimization; service excellence; and asset utilization The Company’s 2015 incentive plans are aligned with the 
following KPIs to consistently measure performance across the organization and monitor progress in improving 
Return on Invested Capital. 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

2015 

2014 

Q4 (1)  

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

2013 

Q4 

(3.0)% 
5.5% 
(12.8)% 
(1.4)% 

11.0%  12.9%  14.1%  
10.9%  13.9%  15.3%  
13.2%  13.6%  14.4%  
10.5%  13.2%  14.7%  

15.3%  15.4%  16.0%  15.4%  
17.1%  16.8%  16.6%  15.7%  
14.6%  15.8%  17.4%  17.0%  
16.3%  15.6%  15.9%  16.3%  

15.7%
15.9%
17.6%
16.4%

ROIC  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
EBIT ($ millions)  
Consolidated 
Canada 
South America 
UK & Ireland 

EBIT Margin 

Consolidated 
Canada 
South America 
UK & Ireland 

Invested Capital ($ millions)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
Invested Capital Turnover (times)  
   Consolidated 
   Canada 
   South America 
   UK & Ireland 
Inventory ($ millions) 
Inventory Turns (times)  
Working Capital to Sales Ratio  
Free Cash Flow ($ millions) 
Net Debt to Invested Capital Ratio  
EBITDA  
Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio   

(349) 
(17) 
(303) 
(31) 

(23.0)% 
(2.4)% 
(57.5)% 
(10.7)% 

3,240 
1,760 
1,122 
321 

1.75x 
1.70x 
1.52x 
2.92x 

1,800 

2.26x 
32.7% 
347 
36.7% 
(282) 
9.5 

63 
34 
32 
7 

4.2% 
4.6% 
6.4% 
2.7% 

3,802 
1,871 
1,485 
442 

106 
53 
51 
11 

6.4% 
6.2% 
9.5% 
4.2% 

3,536 
1,745 
1,402 
381 

75
29
45
7

5.0%  
3.7%  
9.3%  
3.1%  

3,541
1,794
1,417
330

142 
73 
59 
11 

7.9% 
7.7% 
9.8% 
4.3% 

3,106 
1,475 
1,348 
284 

114 
80 
32 
14 

137 
77 
57 
14 

111
54
50
12

145
69
76
8

7.8% 
6.8% 
9.2% 
8.3% 
6.2%  10.0% 
5.1% 
4.8% 

6.6%  
6.0%  
9.0%  
4.9%  

8.1%
7.9%
11.3%
3.3%

3,340 
1,714 
1,298 
344 

3,334 
1,756 
1,274 
309 

3,414
1,682
1,443
296

2.03x
2.09x
1.62x
3.38x
1,973
2.57x

1.97x 
1.85x 
2.05x 
1.92x 
1.56x 
1.50x 
3.20x 
2.91x 
1,918 
1,995 
2.26x 
2.30x 
30.5%  28.6%  27.3%  
69 
38.7%  35.4%  36.0%  
157 
1.9 

125 
2.4 

126
1.9

(232)

140 

2.10x 
2.19x 
1.66x 
3.43x 
1,661 
2.81x 
26.1%  26.0%  25.5%  26.3%  

2.12x 
2.20x 
1.74x 
3.43x 
1,835 
2.56x 

2.09x 
2.15x 
1.71x 
3.43x 
1,806 
2.64x 

2.06x
2.11x
1.73x
3.41x
1,945
2.61x

385 

109 

123 

(134)

31.4%  39.4%  40.9%  42.9%  

194 
1.4 

170 
1.8 

190 
1.8 

166
2.0 

3,138
1,488
1,391
265

2.04x
2.03x
1.78x
3.37x
1,756
2.74x
26.5%
365
40.8%
200
1.7

(1)  Q4 2015 financial metrics were impacted by significant items management does not consider indicative of operational and financial trends 
either by nature or amount; these significant items are described on page 14 in this MD&A. Of the significant items described, $10 million 
was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense. Excluding the significant items not included in depreciation and amortization, Q4 
2015 EBITDA would have been $139 million and Net Debt to EBITDA ratio would have been 2.0x.  

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Revenue

For the three months ended December 31, 2015, the 
Company generated revenue of $1.5 billion, a 16% 
decrease over Q4 2014, reflecting lower revenues from 
the Company’s Canadian and South American 
operations. New equipment revenues were down 28% 
due to weak economic conditions in all regions 
compared to the prior year. Product support revenues 
decreased by 7%, down in all operations in functional 
currency.  

New equipment sales were down compared to the prior 
year primarily due to the Company’s Canadian 
operations, driven by lower activity in the mining, 
construction and power system sectors. Equipment 
revenue was down in the Company’s South American 
operations, primarily driven by lower activity in the 
Chilean mining sector.  

Product support revenue was down over the same 
period in 2014 reflecting reduced demand for parts in 
the mining sector in the Company’s South American 
operations and reduced services in the Company’s 
Canadian operations. Product support revenues in the 
Company’s UK & Ireland operations were up slightly, 
but modestly down in functional currency.  

Foreign currency translation of the results of the 
Company’s South American and UK & Ireland 
operations had a positive impact on revenue of 

Earnings Before Finance Costs and Income Taxes 

For the 3 months ended December 31 
($ millions) 

Q4 2014 EBIT 

Operating variance 

Distribution network and goodwill impairment 

Facility closures and restructuring costs 

Inventory and other asset impairments 

FX loss on devaluation of ARS 

Sale of business 

Severance costs 

Q4 2015 EBIT 

Consol  

$ 

142 

(60) 

(338) 

(45) 

(42) 

(12) 

8 

(2) 

$ 

(349) 

The Company reported an EBIT loss of $(349) million 
for the three months ended December 31, 2015 
compared to EBIT of $142 million in the prior year. 
Excluding significant items described on page 14 in this 
MD&A, Q4 2015 EBIT would have been $82 million, 
down $60 million from Q4 2014, driven by lower 
volumes across all lines of business as a result of lower 
demand principally in the mining and construction 
sectors in both the Company’s Canadian and South 
American operations. Gross profit decreased by 22% to 
$413 million compared to the same period in 2014, due 
to lower volumes across all lines of business, except 
used equipment. Also impacting gross profit were 

Three months ended December 31 
($ millions)

1,000

500

0
4
7

Line of Business

2014

2015

2
8
8

3
2
8

0
3
5

5
8

1
9

1
9

0
7

New
Equipment

Used
Equipment

Equipment
Rental

Product
Support

5

4

Other

Operating Regions

2014

2015

6
4
9

8
9
6

3
9
5

6
2
5

4
6
2

4
9
2

Canada

South America

UK & Ireland

0

1,000

500

0

approximately $100 million. Compared to the same 
period last year, the Canadian dollar weakened 18% 
relative to the U.S. dollar and 13% relative to the U.K. 
pound sterling.     

higher than usual inventory and other asset 
impairments recorded in Q4 2015.  
The Company’s EBIT margin in Q4 2015 was negative 
(23.0)% compared to 7.9% earned in the prior year 
period. Excluding the significant items described on 
page 14 in this MD&A, the Company would have 
earned a Q4 2015 EBIT margin of 5.4%, primarily due 
to a lower gross profit margin reflecting pricing 
pressures of a challenging economic environment. In 
addition, benefits from cost and restructuring initiatives 
recently implemented have not yet been fully realized. 
Also contributing to the lower EBIT in Q4 2015 was $5 
million lower equity earnings from Energyst compared 
to the prior year period. 

Gross profit margin was 27.2%, down from 29.3% in 
the prior year quarter. Excluding the significant items 
that affected gross profit, being $36 million higher than 
usual inventory and other asset impairments recorded 
in the quarter, total gross profit margin in Q4 2015 
would have been comparable to the prior year period. 
Approximately 50% of the $36 million adjustment 
relates to used inventory and rental equipment. 

Despite the challenging market conditions, the 
Company’s product support business achieved higher 
gross profit margins in Q4 2015 compared to the prior  

16 

 
 
 
 
 
year period. In particular, service profitability improved 
in the Company’s Canadian and South American 
operations, reflecting successful implementation of the 
operational excellence and supply chain initiatives 
throughout the year. The higher margins achieved from 
the product support business were offset by:  

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

lower new equipment margins from all operations, 
reflecting challenging market conditions and pricing 
pressures  
lower rental margins due to a weaker demand and 
increased competition for short-term and heavy 
rentals in the Canadian rental market   
lower used equipment margins primarily due to low 
margins in the UK & Ireland and South American 
operations 

SG&A costs were $390 million and comparable to the 
same period last year. Cost savings from lower sales 
volumes, headcount reductions, and operational 
excellence programs were primarily offset by certain 
significant costs from the Company’s South American 
operations including $12 million of foreign exchange 
loss on the significant devaluation of the Argentine 
peso and $6 million impairment on other assets. 
Excluding these significant items, consolidated SG&A 
in Q4 2015 would have been 6% lower compared to the 
prior year. 

EBITDA 
The Company reported an EBITDA loss of $(282) 
million in Q4 2015 (Q4 2014: $194 million). Excluding 
the significant items (not included in depreciation and 
amortization) summarized on page 14 of this MD&A, 
EBITDA for Q4 2015 would have been $139 million, a 
decrease of 28% compared to the prior year period 
mainly due to lower earnings from the Company’s 
Canadian operations.    

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Finance Costs  

Finance costs in the three months ended December 31, 
2015 of $22 million were up slightly from the $20 million 
reported in the fourth quarter of 2014.  

Provision for Income Taxes 
Income tax recovery for Q4 2015 totaled $62 million 
(Q4 2014 income tax expense of $15 million).  
The effective income tax rate for the fourth quarter of 
2015 was 17.1%, up from 12.1% in the comparable 
period of 2014. In Q4 2015, net income and EPS was 
negatively impacted by a higher annual effective tax 
rate in Argentina due to the significant devaluation of 
the Argentine peso.  

The low effective tax rate in Q4 2014 was primarily the 
result of the Company applying an adjustment to 
reduce taxable income in Argentina to compensate for 
the loss of purchasing power due to inflation and a 
lower annual effective tax rate in Argentina.  

Net Income
The Company reported a net loss of $(309) million or 
basic EPS of $(1.82) per share in Q4 2015, compared 
to $107 million of net income or basic EPS of $0.62 per 
share in the same period last year. The lower EPS was 
primarily due to a number of significant items resulting 
from a difficult macro economic environment and 
prolonged weak market conditions. 

Excluding the significant items as noted on page 14 of 
this MD&A, EPS would have been $0.23 and lower 
than the prior year period, primarily due to lower 
volumes reflecting the challenging economic conditions 
in all regions as well as costs related to reducing 
Finning’s cost structure. 

In Q4 2014, net income and EPS were positively 
impacted by an inflation adjustment in the Company’s 
Argentine operations and lower than expected annual 
effective tax rate in Argentina ($0.07 per share). 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarterly Results by Reportable Segment 

The table below provides details of revenue by operations and lines of business and results by operations. 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Revenue 
% 
35% 
6% 
5% 
54% 
0% 
100% 

UK 
 & Ireland 
184 
24 
8 
76 
2 
294 
(304) 
(7) 
— 
— 
— 

For three months ended  
December 31, 2015 ($ millions) 

Canada 

South 
America 

Other 

Consol 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

135 
9 
16 
365 
1 
526 
(477) 
(25) 
— 
(3) 
— 

211 
58 
46 
382 
1 
698 
(642) 
(35) 
2 
(40) 
— 

New equipment 
Used equipment 
Equipment rental 
Product support  
Other 
Total revenues 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Equity earnings  
Other expenses  
Other income 
Distribution network and goodwill 
impairment 
Earnings (loss) before finance costs 
and taxes (EBIT) (1) 
Revenue percentage by operations 
EBIT (1) 
- percentage of revenue   
EBITDA (1)  
(1)  2015 results were impacted by significant items management does not consider indicative of operational and financial trends either by 

530 
91 
70 
823 
4 
1,518 
(1,428) 
(67) 
1 
(43) 
8 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(5) 
— 
(1) 
— 
8 

(10.7)% 
(24) 

(57.5)% 
(278) 

(23.0)% 
(282) 

(2.4)% 
18 

(303)  $ 

(17)  $ 

(31)  $ 

— 
2 

100% 

(324) 

(338) 

(349) 

46% 

19% 

35% 

(14) 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

nature or amount; these significant items have been disclosed on page 14 in this MD&A. 

For three months ended  
December 31, 2014 ($ millions) 
New equipment 
Used equipment 
Equipment rental 
Product support  
Other 
Total revenues 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Equity earnings  
Earnings (loss) before finance costs 
and taxes (EBIT)  
Revenue percentage by operations 
EBIT 
- percentage of revenue 
EBITDA 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Canada 

South 
America 

$ 

$ 

392 
63 
67 
423 
1 
946 
(849) 
(26) 
2 

176 
12 
16 
388 
1 
593 
(516) 
(18) 
— 

$ 

$ 

UK 
 & Ireland 
172 
10 
8 
71 
3 
264 
(245) 
(8) 
— 

$ 

$ 

Revenue 
% 
41% 
5% 
5% 
49% 
0% 
100% 

Other 

Consol 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(5) 
— 
4 

740 
85 
91 
882 
5 
1,803 
(1,615) 
(52) 
6 

142 
100% 

$ 

73 
52% 

$ 

59 
33% 

11 
15% 

$ 

(1)  $ 

— 

7.7% 
 99 

$ 

9.8% 
77 

$ 

4.3% 
19 

$ 

— 
(1) 

$ 

7.9% 
194 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarterly Overview by Reportable Segment  

Canada 

Revenues were down 26% compared to the prior year 
quarter reflecting weaker market conditions across all 
sectors. The slowdown in the oil and gas and mining 
sectors drove down new equipment sales and related 
maintenance work. With reduced infrastructure 
projects, the Canadian operations saw decreased 
customer activity in the construction sector and 
associated contractor businesses. The weaker demand 
for rental assets continued into Q4 2015 negatively 
impacting the Company’s rental business. Other factors 
contributing to lower rental revenues in Q4 2015 
compared to the prior year period were large power 
contracts that expired and were not renewed and an 
unseasonably warm winter in Alberta, which resulted in 
reduced demand for heat products.  
Gross profit was lower than Q4 2014, in line with lower 
volumes. Gross profit margin was comparable to the 
prior year as the benefit from a revenue mix shift to 
higher margin product support (product support 
revenues comprised 55% of revenues in Q4 2015 
compared to 45% in the prior year) and improved 
service margins were partly offset by higher inventory 
impairments taken in the quarter. Service margins were 
higher due to operational improvements implemented 
during 2015. Excluding the higher inventory 
impairments taken in Q4 2015, new equipment margins 
would have been comparable to the prior year period. 
Rental margins in the current year quarter were lower 
compared to the prior year due to lower utilization of 
short-term and heavy rentals reflecting the competitive 
rental market and partly due to the rental asset 
impairment taken in the current period.    

SG&A expenses decreased by 11% compared to Q4 
2014, reflecting cost savings initiatives, execution of the 
Company’s operational excellence agenda, and lower 
variable costs from reduced sales activity. These 
reduced costs were partially offset by costs from the 
newly acquired Saskatchewan business.  

Q4 2015 EBIT included approximately $40 million of 
facility closure-related costs and $16 million higher than 
usual inventory impairments, primarily customized 
equipment for the oil and gas sector and rental asset 
impairments. Facility closure costs recorded were 
higher than previously expected due to certain property 
impairment charges finalized in Q4 2015. Excluding 
these significant items as summarized on page 14 of 
this MD&A, EBIT for Q4 2015 would have been $39 
million and EBIT margin would have been 5.7%, 
reflecting lower volumes as a result of difficult market 
conditions. In Q4 2014, the Company’s Canadian 
operations reported EBIT of $73 million and EBIT 
margin of 7.7%.  

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

South America 
Revenues declined by 11% (down 24% in functional 
currency) as market conditions in the region remained 
challenging and mining customers have continued to 
focus on reducing operating costs. New equipment 
sales were down by 35% in functional currency, mainly 
due to reduced demand from the mining sector. 
Product support revenues were down 20% in functional 
currency, driven by lower parts sales as mining 
customers reduced and delayed maintenance work.  
Product support margins in Q4 2015 were higher 
compared to the prior year period, reflecting 
improvements in cost efficiencies and service 
profitability. Excluding the higher inventory impairments 
taken in Q4 2015, gross profit margins would have 
been higher compared to the prior year period, 
reflecting improved product support profitability in 
mining contracts.  
Excluding the significant items noted on page 14 of this 
MD&A, Q4 2015 EBIT would have been $46 million 
compared to Q4 2014 EBIT of $59 million (down 31% 
in functional currency). EBIT margin was negative 
(57.5)% compared to 9.8% in the same period last 
year. Excluding significant items noted on page 14 of 
this MD&A, EBIT margin in Q4 2015 would have been 
9.0% compared to 9.8% in the comparative period. 
Although revenue decreased more quickly than the 
realization of cost reductions, the South American 
operations still earned a solid EBIT margin, excluding 
the significant items previously noted, reflecting the 
Company’s ability to manage costs and deliver strong 
product support margins during challenging market 
conditions.  

UK & Ireland 
Revenues increased by 11% but were down slightly in 
functional currency as higher used equipment sales 
were offset by lower new equipment and parts 
revenues. New equipment sales were up 7% (down 6% 
in functional currency) and product support revenues 
were up 7% (down 5% in functional currency). The 
decline in new equipment was driven by reduced 
demand in the power systems sector. Higher used 
equipment sales were a result of auctions held in the 
current year quarter, although these were achieved at 
significantly lower margins, contributing to the lower 
EBIT margin compared to Q4 2014. 

Q4 2015 EBIT margin of negative (10.7)% compared to 
4.3% in Q4 2014. Excluding the significant items 
summarized on page 14, Q4 2015 EBIT margin would 
have been 0.8%, a result of lower sales from the 
decline in many sectors, including mining, construction, 
infrastructure and plant hire as well as lower used 
equipment margins. Activity levels in the power 
systems sectors were down as well. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
Outlook  

Canada 
The mining outlook in Western Canada remains 
uncertain due to lower commodity prices, specifically in 
oil, gas and coal. As a result, the slow-down in the 
economy is impacting all segments of our business: 
mining, construction and power. Mining customers 
continue to minimize capital and operating 
expenditures in response to the low price of oil. As a 
result, demand for mining equipment has remained 
very slow. While current production levels are expected 
to be maintained and a number of significant long-term 
projects have been confirmed, the oil sands producers 
continue to postpone non-production related mining 
activities, such as overburden removal. Mining 
customers have parked portions of their fleets, 
insourced some service-related activities, and continue 
to defer non-essential maintenance. This has 
negatively impacted demand for parts and service. The 
Company believes that the reduced spend on product 
support is not sustainable in the long run. 

In construction, demand for core equipment and 
product support has declined further, most significantly 
in Alberta, due to reduced customer activity as a result 
of the broad economic consequences of low oil and 
other commodity prices. In power systems, demand 
has also slowed considerably across most sectors most 
notably those related to oil field drilling and servicing. 

Finning Canada continues to transform its business to 
deliver improved financial and customer results. During 
2015, the Company implemented significant workforce 
reductions and facility closures to align its cost 
structure to reduced business volumes and position the 
organization for sustainable profitability. The Company 
may take further cost reduction measures if weakened 
business conditions were to continue for longer. 

South America 
In South America, concerns regarding lower demand 
and price for copper continue to delay investments in 
new projects. The Company has not yet seen any 
significant benefit from the Chilean government’s 
announced infrastructure spending. As a result, order 
intake across the mining and construction sectors is 
very low, and the overall demand for new equipment is 
expected to remain weak. 

Copper production levels have declined, and mining 
customers continue to defer component purchases and 
major repairs to reduce operating costs, which 
negatively impacts demand for parts and service. In 
response to a further decline in market activity across 
all segments, the South American operations 
announced significant workforce reductions during 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

2015. Going forward, the Company continues to focus 
on capturing product support business and reducing 
costs to maintain profitability during the downturn. 

UK & Ireland 
In the UK & Ireland, the equipment solutions division is 
operating in the highly competitive general construction 
segment. The demand for equipment in the Company’s 
key markets has weakened, most notably in residential 
and commercial construction, energy, rail, and plant 
hire. In addition, some major infrastructure projects 
have been delayed due to economic uncertainty. The 
coal mining industry continues to be very weak, and the 
steel industry has softened considerably. The 
Company’s focus on reducing used equipment 
inventory had a negative impact on margins in Q4 
2015.  

The outlook for power systems in the U.K. is uncertain. 
The decline in the price of oil has negatively impacted 
power systems activity at North Sea rigs. The marine 
market remains mixed; however, the industrial market 
is healthy and the Company continues to see electric 
power generation opportunities for data centres.  

During 2015, the Company implemented workforce 
reductions and other cost initiatives to align its cost 
structure to reduced sales volumes. Going forward, the 
UK & Ireland operations are expected to return to 
historic profitability levels. 

Operational Focus 
As the Company manages through the downturn, it 
continues to advance on its operational excellence 
agenda, particularly in Canada. Initiatives to increase 
EBIT are primarily focused on growing market share 
across all product lines, permanently reducing fixed 
SG&A costs, and increasing the profitability of service 
operations. The expected improvement in capital 
efficiency will be driven through optimization of the 
supply chain and facility network to reduce working 
capital and improve asset utilization.  

The Company remains committed to improving ROIC 
over time; however, difficult and uncertain market 
conditions across all operations continue to negatively 
impact current ROIC performance. 

The Company expects on-going volatility in foreign 
exchange markets to continue impacting its results. 
While the devaluation of the Canadian dollar increases 
earnings translated from the Company’s foreign 
subsidiaries, transactional gains or losses will be 
dependent on hedging activities and general market 
conditions. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Management assesses liquidity in terms of Finning’s ability to generate sufficient cash flow, along with other sources 
of liquidity including cash and borrowings, to fund its operations and growth in operations. Liquidity is affected by the 
following items: 

(cid:120)  operating activities, including the level of accounts receivable, inventories, accounts payable, rental equipment, 

and financing provided to customers; 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

investing activities, including property, plant, and equipment and intangible asset expenditures, acquisitions of 
complementary businesses, and divestitures of non-core businesses; and 

financing activities, including bank credit facilities, commercial paper, long-term debt, and other capital market 
activities, providing both short and long-term financing. 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions, except percentage amounts) 

Cash provided by operating activities 

Cash used in investing activities 

Cash used in financing activities 

Free Cash Flow 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

379 

(306) 

(107) 

325 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

546 

(81) 

(203) 

483 

Increase 
(Decrease) 
from 2014 

(167) 

(225) 

96 

(158) 

The most significant contributors to the changes in cash flows over 2014 were as follows: 

Cash provided by operating activities 
lower by $167 million 

(cid:120)  primarily due to lower earnings from all operations 
(cid:120)  higher collections, partly offset by higher supplier payments  
(cid:120) 

lower cash generation from equipment inventory, partly offset by higher 
cash generation from parts and supplies inventory  

(cid:120)  used $241 million of cash to acquire Kramer Ltd. in the Company’s 

Canadian operations 

Cash used in investing activities higher 
by $225 million 

(cid:120)  $15 million of cash was received from the $22 million sale of the Uruguay 

dealership (remaining $7 million to be received in 2016)  

(cid:120)  net capital expenditures were $9 million lower compared to the prior year 

period  

Cash used by financing activities lower 
by $96 million 

(cid:120)  $110 million cash provided by short-term debt in 2015 ($84 million 

repayment in 2014) 

(cid:120)  $124 million dividends paid in 2015 was slightly higher than 2014 
(cid:120) 

repurchase $91 million of common shares  

Free Cash Flow generation lower by 
$158 million 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

due to lower earnings from all operations and lower cash generation from 
inventory on hand, reflecting lower volumes as a result of difficult market 
conditions 
higher cash inflow from higher collections, partly offset by higher supplier 
payments, reflecting the Company’s focus on supply chain management and 
a strong balance sheet 
net capital and rental expenditures lower compared to prior year, as a result 
of the Company’s commitment to closely manage capital spend    

Capital resources and management 

To complement the internally generated funds from 
operating and investing activities, the Company has 
$1.9 billion in unsecured credit facilities. Included in this 
amount are committed bank facilities totaling $1.1 
billion with various Canadian, U.S., and South 
American financial institutions. At December 31, 2015, 
$0.9 million was available under these committed 
facilities. In October 2015, the Company completed a 
three-year extension to its $1.0 billion global operating 

21 

credit facility, extending the maturity date to October 
2020 from the previous maturity in September 2017. 
Based on the availability of these facilities, the 
Company’s business operating plans, and the 
discretionary nature of some of the cash outflows, such 
as rental and capital expenditures, the Company 
believes it continues to have sufficient liquidity to meet 
operational needs.  

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

The Company is rated by both Dominion Bond Rating 
Service (DBRS) and Standard & Poor’s (S&P):  

price. Execution of the NCIB is governed by rules 
established by the Toronto Stock Exchange. 

Long-term debt 

Short-term debt 

At Dec 31 

2015 

S&P 

BBB+ 

2014 

BBB+ 

2015 

N/A 

2014 

N/A 

Dividends paid to shareholders in 2015 were $124 
million, up 5% compared to 2014, reflecting the 3% 
increase to a quarterly dividend of $0.1825 per share 
announced in May 2015. 

DBRS 

A (low) 

A (low) 

R-1 (low)  R-1 (low) 

Net Debt to Invested Capital 

In November 2015, DBRS confirmed the Company’s 
rating but changed the trend from Stable to Negative 
noting the Company’s exposure to cyclical end markets 
as a significant factor driving the trend change.    

The Company continues to utilize the Canadian 
commercial paper market, as well as borrowings under 
its credit facilities as its principal sources of short-term 
funding.  

In the second quarter of 2015, the Company launched 
a Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) (1) to purchase its 
common shares for cancellation. During 2015, the 
Company repurchased 4.4 million Finning common 
shares for cancellation at an average cost of $20.75.  

The NCIB was implemented to take advantage of 
Finning’s strong balance sheet and cash balance in 
periods of broader market volatility and the resulting 
negative impact on the Company’s share 

Net Debt to 
Invested capital % 

Dec 31 
2015 

Sept 30 
2015 

Dec 31 
2014 

36.7% 

38.7% 

31.4% 

Company’s target range 35-45% 

Net Debt to Invested Capital ratio at December 31, 
2015 decreased from September 30, 2015, primarily 
due to strong free cash flow generation. Net debt to 
invested capital ratio was up primarily due to the 
acquisition of the Saskatchewan dealership (effective 
July 1, 2015), from 31.4% at December 31, 2014, an 
all-time low.  

The Company is subject to a maximum Net Debt to 
Invested Capital level of 62.5% pursuant to a covenant 
within its syndicated bank credit facility. The Company 
was in compliance with this covenant at the end of 
2015.   

Contractual Obligations   
Payments on contractual obligations in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 

($ millions) 

Short-term debt 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Thereafter 

Total 

- principal repayment 

$ 

117 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

— 

 $ 

117 

Long-term debt 

- principal repayment 

- interest  

Operating leases (2) 
Finance leases 

— 

70 

74 

6 

— 

70 

53 

6 

350 

59 

38 

6 

— 

48 

30 

5 

214 

48 

23 

11 

984 

301 

84 

16 

1,548 

596 

302 

50 

Total contractual obligations 
 $  2,613 
(2)  The Company recognized a liability of $16 million, $4 million in accrued liabilities and $12 million in non-current other liabilities, related to 

 $  1,385 

129 

267 

453 

296 

83 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

future minimum lease payments due under certain operating leases that were considered to be onerous at December 31, 2015 (2014: $nil). 

The above table does not include obligations to fund 
pension benefits, although the Company is making 
regular contributions to its registered defined benefit 
pension plans in Canada and the U.K. in order to fund 
the pension plans as required. Funding levels are 
monitored regularly and reset with new actuarial 
funding valuations performed by the Company’s (or 

plan Trustees’) actuaries that occur at least every three 
years. In 2015, approximately $21 million was 
contributed by the Company towards the defined 
benefit pension plans. Defined benefit plan 
contributions currently expected to be paid during the 
financial year ended December 31, 2016 amount to 
approximately $26 million.  

(1) A copy of the NCIB notice is available on request. Direct your request to the Corporate Secretary, 1000-666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC 
V6C 2X8. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Employee Share Purchase Plan  

The Company has employee share purchase plans for 
its Canadian and South American employees. Under 
the terms of these plans, eligible employees may 
purchase common shares of the Company in the open 
market at the then current market price. The Company 
pays a portion of the purchase price to a maximum of 
2% of employee earnings. At December 31, 2015, 
approximately 74%, 71% and 2% of eligible employees 
in the Company’s Corporate, Canadian and South 
American operations, respectively, were contributing to 
these plans. 

The Company also has an All Employee Share 
Purchase Ownership Plan for its employees in Finning 
UK & Ireland. Under the terms of this plan, the 
Company will provide one common share, purchased in 
the open market, for every three shares the employee 
purchases. Finning (UK) employees may contribute up 
to 10% of their salary to a maximum of £70 per month. 
At December 31, 2015, approximately 30% of eligible 

employees in Finning (UK) were contributing to this 
plan. Finning (Ireland) employees may contribute from 
€10 of their salary to a maximum of €70 per month. At 
December 31, 2015, approximately 22% of eligible 
employees in Finning (Ireland) were contributing to this 
plan. These plans may be cancelled by Finning at any 
time. 

Related Party Transactions  

Related party transactions and balances incurred in the 
normal course of business between the Company and 
its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation 
and are not considered material for disclosure. 
Information on the Company’s wholly owned 
subsidiaries and the main countries they operate in are 
contained in note 2 of the consolidated financial 
statements. Compensation of key management 
personnel are disclosed in note 27 of the consolidated 
financial statement.

Significant Accounting Estimates and Contingencies  

Accounting, Valuation, and Reporting 
Changes in the rules or standards governing 
accounting can impact Finning’s financial reporting. 
The Company employs professionally qualified 
accountants throughout its finance group and all of the 
operating unit financial officers have a reporting 
relationship to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer 
(CFO). Senior financial representatives are assigned to 
all significant projects that impact financial accounting 
and reporting. Policies are in place to ensure 
completeness and accuracy of reported transactions. 
Key transaction controls are in place, and there is a 
segregation of duties between transaction initiation, 
processing, and cash receipt or disbursement. 
Accounting, measurement, valuation, and reporting of 
accounts, which involve estimates and / or valuations, 
are reviewed quarterly by the CFO and SVP, Corporate 
Controller, as well as the Audit Committee of the Board 
of Directors. Significant accounting and financial topics 
and issues are presented and discussed with the Audit 
Committee.  
Management’s discussion and analysis of the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations 
are based on the Company’s consolidated financial 
statements, which have been prepared in accordance 
with IFRS. The Company’s significant accounting 
policies are contained in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2015. Certain policies require management to make 
judgments, estimates, and assumptions in respect of 
the application of accounting policies and the reported 
amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These 
policies may require particularly subjective and 
complex judgments to be made as they relate to 

matters that are inherently uncertain and because there 
is a likelihood that materially different amounts could be 
reported under different conditions or using different 
assumptions. The Company has discussed the 
development, selection, and application of its key 
accounting policies, and the critical accounting 
estimates and assumptions they involve, with the Audit 
Committee.  
The more significant estimates include:  
(cid:120) 

recoverable values for goodwill and other asset 
impairment tests 

(cid:120)  determination of the value of separable identifiable 
intangible assets other than goodwill acquired in a 
business combination 

(cid:120)  allowance for doubtful accounts 
reserves for warranty 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  provisions for income tax 
(cid:120) 

the determination of post-employment employee 
benefits 

(cid:120)  provisions for inventory obsolescence 
(cid:120) 

the useful lives of the rental fleet and capital assets 
and related residual values 
revenues and costs associated with long term 
contracts (primarily power systems and 
maintenance and repair contracts) 
revenues and costs associated with the sale of 
assets with either repurchase commitments or 
rental purchase options 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120)  determination of the functional currency of each 

entity of the Company 

(cid:120)  estimation uncertainty for the fair value of certain 

share-based payments  

23 

 
 
 
Goodwill and intangible assets 
The Company performs impairment tests on its 
goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives at 
the appropriate level (cash generating unit or group of 
cash generating units) at least annually or when events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that their value 
may not be fully recoverable. Any potential goodwill or 
intangible asset impairment is identified by comparing 
the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to 
its carrying value. If the recoverable amount of the cash 
generating unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill 
and/or the intangible asset are considered not to be 
impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash 
generating unit is less than the carrying amount, then 
the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the 
carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the cash 
generating unit and then to the other assets of the cash 
generating unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying 
amount of each asset in the cash generating unit. Any 
impairment loss is recognized immediately in the 
consolidated statement of income. Impairment losses 
recognized for goodwill are never reversed.  

The Company determines the recoverable amount of a 
cash generating unit using a discounted cash flow 
model. The process of determining these recoverable 
amounts requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions including, but not limited to, future cash 
flows, growth projections, associated economic risk 
assumptions and estimates of key operating metrics 
and drivers, and the weighted average cost of capital 
rates. Cash flow projections are based on financial 
budgets presented to the Company’s Board of 
Directors. Projected cash flows are discounted using a 
weighted average cost of capital. These estimates are 
subject to change due to uncertain competitive and 
economic market conditions or changes in business 
strategies. 

The Company performed its assessment of goodwill 
and intangible assets with indefinite lives and as a 
result, recognized an impairment loss of $338 million as 
at December 31, 2015 (no impairment at December 31, 
2014). The South American operations recorded an 
impairment loss of $324 million related to the 
distribution network and goodwill and the UK & Ireland 
operations recorded goodwill impairment loss of $14 

Risk Factors and Management 

Finning and its subsidiaries are exposed to market, 
credit, liquidity, and other risks in the normal course of 
their business activities which are further described in 
this section. The Company’s Enterprise Risk 
Management (ERM) process is designed to ensure that 
such risks are identified, managed, and reported. This 
ERM framework assists the Company in managing 
business activities and risks across the organization in 
order to achieve the Company’s strategic objectives.  

The Company is dedicated to a strong risk 
management culture to protect and enhance 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

million. Please refer to note 20 in the consolidated 
financial statements for further details.   

Income tax asset or liability 
Estimations of the tax asset or liability require 
assessments to be made based on the potential tax 
treatment of certain items that will only be resolved 
once finally agreed with the relevant tax authorities. 
Significant judgment is required as income tax laws and 
regulations can be complex and are potentially subject 
to different interpretation between the Company and 
the respective tax authority. Due to the number of 
variables associated with the differing tax laws and 
regulations across the multiple jurisdictions the 
Company operates in, the precision and reliability of the 
resulting estimates are subject to uncertainties and 
may change as additional information becomes known. 
Net income in subsequent periods may be impacted by 
the amount that estimates differ from the final tax 
return. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities comprise the tax 
effect of temporary differences between the carrying 
amount and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well 
as the tax effect of undeducted tax losses. 

Assumptions underlying the composition of deferred tax 
assets and liabilities include estimates of future results 
of operations and the timing of reversal of temporary 
differences as well as the substantively enacted tax 
rates and laws in each respective jurisdiction at the 
time of the expected reversal. The composition of 
deferred tax assets and liabilities is reasonably likely to 
change from period to period due to the uncertainties 
surrounding these assumptions and changes in tax 
rates or regimes could have a material adverse effect 
on expected results. 

New Accounting Pronouncements  
The adoption of recent amendments to accounting 
standards and new IFRS had no impact on the 
Company’s financial position. For more details on 
recent changes in accounting policy, please refer to 
note 2 of the Company’s consolidated financial 
statements. Future accounting pronouncements and 
effective dates are also contained in note 2 of the 
consolidated financial statements. 

shareholder value. On a quarterly basis, the Audit 
Committee reviews the Company’s process with 
respect to risk assessment and management of key 
risks, including the Company’s major financial risks and 
exposures and the steps taken to monitor and control 
such exposures. The Audit Committee also reviews the 
adequacy of disclosures of key risks in the Company’s 
AIF, MD&A, and consolidated financial statements. All 
key financial risks are disclosed in the MD&A and other 
key business risks are disclosed in the Company’s AIF. 
For more information on the Company’s financial 

24 

 
 
 
instruments, including relevant risk sensitivities, please 
refer to note 7 of the Company’s consolidated annual 
financial statements. 

Market Risk and Hedging   

Market risk is the risk that changes in the market, such 
as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and 
commodity prices, will affect the Company’s income or 
the fair value of its financial instruments. The objective 
of market risk management is to manage and control 
market risk exposures within acceptable parameters. 

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments 
and foreign currency debt in order to manage its market 
risks (such as foreign currency and interest rate 
exposures).The Company uses derivative financial 
instruments only in connection with managing related 
risk positions and does not use them for trading or 
speculative purposes. The Company continually 
evaluates and manages risks associated with financial 
derivatives, which includes counterparty credit 
exposure. All such transactions are carried out within 
the guidelines set by the Company and approved by 
the Company’s Audit Committee. For more information 
on the Company’s accounting policy on financial 
instruments, please refer to note 7 of the consolidated 
financial statements.  

Foreign Exchange Risk 

The Company is geographically diversified, with 
significant investments in several different countries. 
The Company transacts business in multiple 
currencies, the most significant of which are the 
Canadian dollar (CAD), U.S. dollar (USD), U.K. pound 
sterling (GBP), Chilean peso (CLP), and Argentine 
peso (ARS). As a result, the Company has foreign 
currency exposure with respect to items denominated 
in foreign currencies which can be categorized into two 
main types: 

Translation Exposure 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are 
presented in CAD; therefore, the most significant 
foreign exchange impact to the Company’s net income 
and other comprehensive income is the translation of 
all the Company’s foreign subsidiaries’ operating 
results (i.e. foreign currency based earnings and net 
assets or liabilities) into CAD. Exchange rates in the 
USD/CAD and GBP/CAD will impact the consolidated 
results of the South American and UK & Ireland 
operations in CAD terms. The results of the Company’s 
South American operations, whose functional currency 
is USD, are affected by changes in the USD/CLP and 
USD/ARS relationships. The Company does not hedge 
its exposure to foreign exchange risk with regard to 
foreign currency earnings.  
Foreign denominated net asset or net liability positions 
may exist on an operation’s statement of financial 
position. The Company does not fully hedge balance 
sheet exposure so this may result in unrealized foreign 

25 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

exchange gains or losses until the net position is 
settled. 
Transaction Exposure 
Many of the Company’s operations purchase, sell, rent, 
and lease products as well as incur costs in currencies 
other than their functional currency. As exchange rates 
fluctuate, this mismatch of currencies creates 
transactional exposure at the operational level, which 
may affect the Company’s profitability. For example, 
the Company’s Canadian operating results are 
exposed to volatility in USD/CAD exchange rates 
between the timing of equipment and parts purchases 
and the ultimate sale to customers. A portion of these 
exposures are hedged through the use of forward 
exchange contracts as well as managed through 
pricing practices. In December 2015, the Company 
started to apply hedge accounting to these hedges of 
inventory purchases in its Canadian operations.  
The CAD has historically been positively correlated to 
commodity prices. In a scenario of declining commodity 
prices, the Company’s resource industry customers 
may curtail capital expenditures and decrease 
production which can result in reduced demand for 
equipment, parts, and services. At the same time, the 
weaker CAD to USD positively impacts the Company’s 
financial results when USD based revenues and 
earnings are translated into CAD reported revenues 
and earnings, although lags may occur.  
The Company’s competitive position may also be 
impacted as relative currency movements affect the 
business practices and/or pricing strategies of the 
Company’s competitors. The Company is also exposed 
to currency risks related to the future cash flows on its 
non-Canadian denominated short-term and long-term 
debt. For further information on the Company’s foreign 
exchange risk, refer to note 7 in the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Investment in Foreign Operations 
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign 
operations, which have functional currencies other than 
the CAD, are translated into CAD using the exchange 
rates in effect at the statement of financial position 
dates. Any unrealized translation gains and losses are 
recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments in 
other comprehensive income. Currency translation 
adjustments arise as a result of fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates at the period reporting date 
compared to the previous period reporting date. The 
unrealized currency translation gain of $355 million 
recorded in 2015 resulted primarily from the 19% 
weaker CAD relative to the USD and 13% weaker 
relative to the GBP at December 31, 2015 compared to 
December 31, 2014. This was partially offset by $138 
million (after-tax) of unrealized foreign exchange losses 
on net investment hedges. For more details, refer to the 
annual consolidated statements of comprehensive 
income.

 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Key exchange rates that impacted the Company’s results were as follows:

December 31 

December 31 – average 

December 31 - average 

Three months ended 

Year ended 

Exchange rate  

2015 

2014 

Variance 

2015 

2014 

Variance 

2015 

2014 

Variance 

CAD/USD 

CAD/GBP 

CLP/USD 

ARS/USD 

1.3840 

1.1601 

-19.3% 

 2.0407 

1.8071 

-12.9% 

1.3354 

2.0255 

1.1356 

-17.6% 

1.7978 

-12.7% 

1.2787 

1.9540 

1.1045 

-15.8% 

1.8190 

-7.4% 

 710.16 

   606.75 

-17.0% 

697.85 

   598.14 

-16.7% 

   653.38 

   562.47 

-16.2% 

  13.04 

       8.55 

-52.5% 

10.00 

       8.51 

-17.5% 

       9.21 

       8.10 

-13.8% 

Interest Rate Risk 
Changes in market interest rates will cause fluctuations 
in the fair value or future cash flows of financial 
instruments. The Company is exposed to changes in 
interest rates on its interest bearing financial assets 
including cash and cash equivalents and instalment 
and other notes receivable. The short-term nature of 
investments included in cash and cash equivalents 
limits the impact to fluctuations in fair value, but 
interest income earned will be impacted. Instalment 
and other notes receivable bear interest at a fixed rate 
thus their fair value will fluctuate prior to maturity but, 
absent monetization, future cash flows do not change.  

The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates 
on its interest bearing financial liabilities primarily from 
short-term and long-term debt. The Company’s debt 
portfolio comprises both fixed and floating rate debt 
instruments, with terms to maturity ranging up to June 
2042. Floating rate debt, due to its short-term nature, 
exposes the Company to limited fluctuations in 
changes to fair value, but finance expense and cash 
flows will increase or decrease as interest rates 
change. The fair value of the Company’s fixed rate 
debt obligations fluctuate with changes in interest 
rates, but absent early settlement, related cash flows 
do not change. The Company is exposed to changes in 
future interest rates upon refinancing of any debt prior 
to or at maturity. 
The Company manages its interest rate risk by 
balancing its portfolio of fixed and floating rate debt, as 
well as managing the term to maturity of its debt 
portfolio. At certain times the Company may utilize 
derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps to 
adjust the balance of fixed and floating rate debt. For 
more information on the Company’s interest-bearing 
financial instruments and sensitivity analysis, refer to 
note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.  
Commodity Prices  

The Company provides equipment, parts and service to 
customers in resource and construction industries. In 
the resource sector, fluctuations in commodity prices 
and changes in long-term outlook for commodities 
impact customer decisions for capital expenditures and 
production levels, which determine demand for 
equipment, parts and service. In the construction 
sector, publicly funded infrastructure spending is 
indirectly impacted by fluctuations in commodity prices, 

particularly in regions with resource-based economies 
(such as the prices of copper, gold and other metals; 
the prices of coal, thermal and metallurgical; natural 
gas, and lumber). In Canada, the Company’s 
customers are exposed to the price of oil, mostly in the 
oil sands in Northern Alberta. In South America, the 
Company’s customers are primarily exposed to the 
price of copper and, to a much lesser extent, the prices 
of gold, other metals, and natural gas. In the U.K. and 
Ireland, the Company’s resource sector customers 
operate in thermal coal and off-shore oil & gas. 
Significant fluctuations in these commodity prices could 
have a material impact on the Company’s financial 
results. 

With significantly lower commodity prices, demand is 
reduced as development of new projects is slowed or 
stopped and production from existing projects can be 
curtailed, both leading to less demand for equipment. 
However, product support growth has been, and is 
expected to continue to be, important in mitigating the 
effects of downturns in the business cycle. 
Alternatively, if commodity prices rapidly increase, 
customer demand for Finning’s products and services 
could increase and apply pressure on the Company’s 
ability to supply the products or skilled technicians on a 
timely and cost efficient basis. To assist in mitigating 
the impacts of fluctuations in demand for its products, 
Finning management works closely with Caterpillar to 
ensure an adequate and timely supply of product or 
offers customers alternative solutions and has 
implemented human resources recruiting strategies to 
ensure adequate staffing levels are achieved.  

Credit Risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if 
a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises 
principally in respect of the Company’s cash and cash 
equivalents, short-term investments, receivables from 
customers and suppliers, instalment and other notes 
receivable, and derivative assets.  
The Company manages risks associated with cash and 
cash equivalents and short-term investments by 
ensuring that these financial assets are held with major 
financial institutions with strong investment grade 
ratings and by monitoring the exposures with any single 
institution. An ongoing review is performed to evaluate 
the changes in the credit rating of counterparties. Credit 
risk on receivables from customers and suppliers is 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
minimized because of the diversification of the 
Company’s operations as well as its large diversified 
customer base and its geographical dispersion.  
Credit risk exposure arising from its derivative 
instruments relating to counterparties defaulting on 
their obligations is minimized by ensuring there is no 
excessive concentration of credit risk with any single 
counterparty, by active credit monitoring, and by 
dealing primarily with major financial institutions that 
have a credit rating of at least A from S&P and/or 
Moody’s. For more information on the Company’s 
financial assets and exposure to credit risk, refer to 
note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.   
Liquidity Risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be 
able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. 
The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to 
ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient 
liquid financial resources to fund its operations and 
meet its commitments and obligations. The Company 
maintains bilateral and syndicated bank credit facilities, 
a commercial paper program, continuously monitors 
actual and forecast cash flows, and manages maturity 
profiles of financial liabilities. Based on the availability 
of credit facilities, the Company’s business operating 
plans, and the discretionary nature of some of the cash 
outflows, such as rental and capital expenditures, the 
Company believes it continues to have sufficient 
liquidity to meet operational needs. For more 
information on the Company’s financial liabilities and 
liquidity risk, refer to note 7 of the consolidated financial 
statements.  

Contingencies and Guarantees  

Due to the size, complexity, and nature of the 
Company’s operations, various legal, customs, and tax 
matters are pending. These include a number of claims 
from the Argentina Customs Authority associated with 
the export of agricultural product. The Company has 
appealed these claims, believes they are without merit, 
and is confident in its position.  
These pending matters may take a number of years to 
resolve. Should the ultimate resolution of these matters 
differ from management’s assessment, a material 
adjustment could arise and impact the Company’s 
financial position. However, it is the current opinion of 
management that these matters will not have a material 
effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position 
or results of operations.  
The Company enters into contracts with rights of return, 
in certain circumstances, for the repurchase of 
Outstanding Share Data  

As at February 12, 2016 

Common shares outstanding 

Options outstanding 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Financing Arrangements 
The Company will require capital to finance its future 
growth and to refinance its outstanding debt obligations 
as they come due for repayment. If the cash generated 
from the Company’s operations is not sufficient to fund 
future capital and debt repayment requirements, the 
Company will require additional debt or equity financing 
in the capital markets. The Company’s ability to access 
capital markets on terms that are acceptable will be 
dependent upon prevailing market conditions, as well 
as the Company’s future financial condition. Further, 
the Company’s ability to increase the level of debt 
financing may be limited by its financial covenants or its 
credit rating objectives. Although the Company does 
not anticipate any difficulties in raising necessary funds 
in the future, there can be no assurance that capital will 
be available on suitable terms and conditions, or that 
borrowing costs and credit ratings will not be adversely 
affected. In addition, the Company’s current financing 
arrangements contain certain restrictive covenants that 
may impact the Company’s future operating and 
financial flexibility. 

Share-Based Payment Risk  
Share-based payment plans are an integral part of the 
Company’s employee compensation program, and can 
be in the form of the Company’s common shares or 
cash payments that reflect the value of the shares. 
Share-based payment plans are accounted for at fair 
value, and the expense associated with these plans 
can therefore vary as the Company’s share price, share 
price volatility, and employee exercise behavior 
change. For further details on the Company’s share-
based payments, please refer to note 10 of the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements.        

equipment sold to customers for an amount which is 
generally based on a discount from the estimated 
future fair value of that equipment. As at December 31, 
2015, the total estimated value of these contracts 
outstanding is $138 million (2014: $125 million) coming 
due at periods ranging from 2016 to 2018. The 
Company’s experience to date has been that the 
equipment at the exercise date of the contract is 
generally worth more than the repurchase amount. The 
total amount recognized as a provision against these 
contracts is $2 million (2014: $1 million). 

For further information on the Company’s 
contingencies, commitments, guarantees, and 
indemnifications, refer to notes 29 and 30 of the notes 
to the consolidated financial statements.  

27 

168,031,428

5,154,859 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Controls and Procedures Certification 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Management is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining a system of controls and procedures over 
the public disclosure of financial and non-financial 
information regarding the Company. Such controls and 
procedures are designed to provide reasonable 
assurance that all relevant information is gathered and 
reported to senior management, including the Chief 
Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer 
(CFO), on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions 
can be made regarding public disclosure.  
The CEO and the CFO, together with other members of 
management, have designed the Company’s disclosure 
controls and procedures in order to provide reasonable 
assurance that material information relating to the 
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries would have 
been known to them, and by others, within those 
entities.  
The Company has a Disclosure Policy and a Disclosure 
Committee in place to mitigate risks associated with the 
disclosure of inaccurate or incomplete information, or 
failure to disclose required information.  

(cid:120)  The Disclosure Policy sets out accountabilities, 

authorized spokespersons, and Finning’s approach 
to the determination, preparation, and dissemination 
of material information. The policy also defines 
restrictions on insider trading and the handling of 
confidential information.  

(cid:120)  A Disclosure Committee, consisting of senior 

management, and external legal counsel review all 
financial information prepared for communication to 
the public to ensure it meets all regulatory 
requirements. The Disclosure Committee is 
responsible for raising all outstanding issues it 
believes require the attention of the Audit 
Committee prior to recommending disclosure for that 
Committee’s approval. 

Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
Management is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting. Management has designed internal control 
over financial reporting to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements in 
accordance with IFRS. Except for the change noted 
below, there has been no change in the design of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting 
during the year ended December 31, 2015, that would 
materially affect, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting.  
Effective July 1, 2015 the Company acquired the 
operating assets of Kramer Ltd. and became the 
approved Caterpillar dealer in Saskatchewan. As part 
of the post-closing integration, the Company is  

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

engaged in harmonizing the internal controls and 
processes of the acquired business with those of the 
Company. In keeping with scope limitation provisions of 
applicable securities laws, management has excluded 
the design and operating effectiveness assessment 
of internal control over financial reporting of the 
business acquired from Kramer Ltd. from its annual 
assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting for 2015. During 
this period of transition, the acquired dealership 
business contributed revenues of $107 million and net 
income of $6 million for the six months ended 
December 31, 2015. Working capital assets of $119 
million (comprising inventory, receivables and 
payables), property, plant equipment and rental 
equipment of $87 million, and intangible assets and 
goodwill of $35 million (totalling $241 million) were 
included in the Company’s balance sheet as at the 
acquisition date.  
Regular involvement of the Company’s internal audit 
function and quarterly reporting to the Audit Committee 
assist in providing reasonable assurance that the 
objectives of the control system are met. While the 
officers of the Company have designed the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures and internal control 
over financial reporting, they are aware that these 
controls and procedures may not prevent all errors and 
fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived 
or operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, 
assurance that the objectives of the control system are 
met.  

Evaluation of Effectiveness 

As required by National Instrument 52-109, Certification 
of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (NI 
52-109) issued by the Canadian Securities regulatory 
authorities, an evaluation of the design and testing of 
the effectiveness of the operation of the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures and internal control 
over financial reporting were conducted as of 
December 31, 2015, by and under the supervision of 
management. In making the assessment of the 
effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures and internal control over financial reporting, 
management used the criteria set forth by the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – 
Integrated Framework (2013 edition). The evaluation 
included documentation review, enquiries, testing, and 
other procedures considered by management to be 
appropriate in the circumstances. Based on that 
evaluation, excluding the disclosure controls and 
procedures and internal control over financial reporting 
of the business acquired from Kramer Ltd., the CEO 
and CFO have concluded that the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures and internal control 
over financial reporting were effective as of December 
31, 2015.   

28 

 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Description of Non-GAAP Measures     

Non-GAAP Measures 
Management believes that providing certain non-GAAP measures provides users of the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements with important information regarding the operational performance and related trends of the 
Company's business. By considering these measures in combination with the comparable IFRS measures set out 
below, management believes that users are provided a better overall understanding of the Company's business and 
its financial performance during the relevant period than if they simply considered the IFRS measures alone.  
The non-GAAP measures used by management do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are 
therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Accordingly, these measures 
should not be considered as a substitute or alternative for net income or cash flow, in each case as determined in 
accordance with IFRS. 

Net Debt to Invested Capital 
Net Debt to Invested Capital is calculated as net debt divided by invested capital (both defined below), and is used 
by management as a measurement of the Company’s financial leverage. 

Net debt is calculated as short-term and long-term debt, net of cash. Invested capital is net debt plus all components 
of shareholders’ equity (share capital, contributed surplus, accumulated other comprehensive income, and retained 
earnings). Invested capital is also calculated as total assets less total liabilities, excluding net debt. Invested capital 
is used by management as a measure of the total cash investment made in the Company and each operating 
segment. Management uses invested capital in a number of different measurements in assessing financial 
performance against other companies and between reportable segments. 

The calculation of Net Debt to Invested Capital is as follows: 

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Short-term debt 

Long-term debt 

Net debt 

Shareholders’ equity 

Invested capital 

Net debt to invested capital 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(475) 

$ 

(450) 

117 

1,548 

1,190 

2,050 

3,240 

$ 

7 

1,418 

975 

2,131 

3,106 

36.7% 

31.4% 

$ 

EBITDA  
EBITDA is defined as earnings before finance costs, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and is utilized by 
management to assess and evaluate the financial performance of its operating segments. Management believes 
that EBITDA improves comparability between periods by eliminating the impact of finance costs, income taxes, 
depreciation, and amortization. EBITDA is also commonly regarded as an indirect measure of operating cash flow, a 
significant indicator of success for many businesses and is a common valuation metric. 

A reconciliation between net income and EBITDA is as follows: 

($ millions) 

Net (loss) income  

Depreciation and amortization  

Finance costs 

Provision (recovery) for income taxes 
EBITDA (1)  
(1) 

Three months ended  
December 31 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(309) 

$ 

67 

22 

(62) 

(282) 

$ 

$ 

107 

52 

20 

15 

194 

Twelve months ended  
December 31 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(161) 

$ 

231 

85 

(29) 

126 

$ 

$ 

318 

216 

85 

101 

720 

Included in 2015 results are significant items that management does not consider indicative of operational and financial 
trends either by nature or amount. Of these significant items disclosed on pages 3 and 14 of this MD&A, $10 million was 
recorded in depreciation and amortization expenses. Excluding these significant items not included in depreciation and 
amortization, Q4 2015 EBITDA would have been $139 million and annual 2015 EBITDA would have been $604 million. 

29 

 
 
  
 
 
 
ROIC 
Return on Invested Capital, or ROIC, is defined as earnings before finance costs and income taxes (EBIT) for the 
last twelve months divided by invested capital, based on an average of the last four quarters.  

Management views ROIC (at a consolidated and segment level), as a useful measure for supporting investment and 
resource allocation decisions, as it adjusts for certain items that may affect comparability between certain 
competitors and segments.    

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

EBIT – last twelve months 

Invested capital – four quarter average  

ROIC 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

(105) 

3,530 

(3.0)% 

$ 

$ 

504 

3,298 

15.3% 

Working Capital 
Working capital is defined as total current assets (excluding cash) less total current liabilities (excluding short-term 
debt and current portion of long-term debt). Management views working capital as a measure for assessing overall 
liquidity.  

December 31 
($ millions) 

Total current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets (1)  

Total current liabilities 

Short-term debt 
Total current liabilities (2) 

Working capital 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,460 

(475) 

2,985 

1,243 

(117) 

1,126 

1,859 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,477 

(450) 

3,027 

1,372 

(7) 

1,365 

1,662 

(1)  Excluding cash and cash equivalents 
(2)  Excluding short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 

Free Cash Flow 
Free cash flow is defined as cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities less net additions to property, plant, 
and equipment and intangible assets, as disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flow. Free cash 
flow is a measure used by the Company to assess cash operating performance and the ability to raise and service 
debt. A reconciliation of free cash flow is as follows:  

($ millions) 

Three months ended  
December 31 

2015 

2014 

Twelve months ended  
December 31 

2015 

2014 

Cash flow provided by operating activities 

$ 

370 

$ 

403 

$ 

379 

$ 

546 

Additions to property, plant, and equipment 

and intangible assets 

Proceeds on disposal of property, plant, and 

equipment 

Free cash flow 

(34) 

11 

347 

$ 

(20) 

2 

385 

$ 

(76) 

22 

325 

$ 

(81) 

18 

483 

$ 

Key Performance Indicators 
Management uses key performance indicators to consistently measure performance against the Company’s 
priorities across the organization. The Company’s KPIs include gross profit margin, EBIT margin, inventory turns, 
invested capital turnover, working capital to sales ratio, order backlog, and net debt to EBITDA ratio. Although some 
of these KPIs are expressed as ratios, they are non-GAAP financial measures that do not have a standardized 
meaning under IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Gross Profit Margin 
This measure is defined as gross profit divided by total revenue. 

EBIT and EBITDA Margin   
This measure is defined as EBIT divided by total revenue and EBITDA divided by total revenue and is utilized by 
management to assess and evaluate the financial performance or profitability of its operating segments. 

Inventory Turns 
Inventory turns is the number of times the Company's inventory is sold and replaced over a period and is used by 
management as a measure of asset utilization. Inventory turns is calculated as annualized cost of goods sold for the 
last six months divided by average inventory, based on an average of the last two quarters.  

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

Cost of sales – annualized  

Inventory – two quarter average  

Inventory turns (number of times)  

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,285 

1,897 

2.26 

4,868 

1,734 

2.81 

Invested Capital Turnover 
Invested capital turnover is used by management as a measure of efficiency in the use of the Company’s invested 
capital and is calculated as total revenue for the last twelve months divided by invested capital, based on an 
average of the last four quarters. 

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

Revenue – last twelve months 

Invested capital – four quarter average  

Invested capital turnover 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

6,190 

3,530 

1.75 

6,918 

3,298 

2.10 

Working Capital to Sales Ratio 
This ratio is calculated as working capital, based on an average of the last four quarters, divided by total revenue for 
the last twelve months. This is a useful KPI for management in assessing the Company’s efficiency in its use of 
working capital to generate sales.  

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

Working capital – four quarter average  

Revenue – last twelve months 

Working capital to sales  

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

2,023 

6,190 

$ 

$ 

32.7% 

1,807 

6,918 

26.1% 

Order Backlog 
The Company’s global order book, or order backlog, is defined as the retail value of new equipment units ordered by 
customers for future deliveries. Management uses order backlog as a measure of projecting future new equipment 
deliveries. There is no directly comparable IFRS measure for order backlog. 

Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio  
This ratio is calculated as net debt, defined and calculated above, divided by EBITDA for the last twelve months. 
This ratio is used by management in assessing the Company’s operating leverage and ability to repay its debt. This 
ratio approximates the length of time, in years, that it would take the Company to repay its debt, with net debt and 
EBITDA held constant.  

December 31 
($ millions, except as noted) 

Net debt 

2015 

2014 

$ 

1,190 

$ 

975 

EBITDA – last twelve months 
Net Debt to EBITDA (1)  
1.4 
(1)  Included in 2015 results are significant items that management does not consider indicative of operational and financial trends 
by nature of amount. Excluding these significant items (as disclosed on page 3 of this MD&A), Net Debt to EBITDA would have 
been 2.0x.  

720 

9.5 

126 

$ 

$ 

31 

 
 
 
Selected Annual Information   

($ millions, except for share data) 
Total revenue from external sources (1)  
Net (loss) income (1)  
Earnings Per Share (1)  

Basic EPS 
Diluted EPS 
Total assets (1)  
Long-term debt 
  Current  
  Non-current  
Total long-term debt (2) 
Cash dividends declared per common share 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

2015 

6,190 
(161) 

(0.94) 
(0.94) 
5,108 

— 
1,548 
1,548 
0.7250 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

2014 

6,918 
318 

1.85 
1.84 
5,273 

— 
1,418 
1,418 
0.6850 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

2013 

6,756 
335 

1.95 
1.94 
5,058 

1 
1,366 
1,367 

0.5975 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

1) 

In July 2015, the Company acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. The results of the newly acquired dealership 
business in Saskatchewan have been included in the Company’s Canadian operations segment since the date of 
acquisition.  

In December 2015, the Company sold its wholly owned subsidiary, Finning Uruguay S.A. (Uruguay dealership). The results 
of the Uruguay dealership have been included in the Company’s South American operations segment up until the date of 
sale.   

Results in 2015 were impacted by the following significant items: 

a)  $338 million impairment loss recognized on the distribution network and goodwill in the Company’s South American 

operations of $324 million and UK & Ireland operations of $14 million ($1.54 per share) 

b)  Facility closures and restructuring costs and impairment on other assets totalling $53 million ($0.23 per share) 
c)  Severance costs of $48 million recorded in all operations ($0.21 per share) 
d)  $42 million higher than usual inventory and other asset impairments, principally aged or customized inventories, 

recorded in the year ($0.19 per share) 

e)  $12 million foreign exchange loss on the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso as well as a higher annual 

effective tax rate in Argentina ($0.14 per share) 

f)  Sale of business in Uruguay in Q4 2015 resulted in a gain of $8 million ($0.04 per share); partly offset by 

Saskatchewan acquisition costs of $3 million ($0.01 per share). 

g)  The Company benefited from previously unrecognized tax losses in Q1 2015 and recorded a tax rate change in the 

Canadian operations in Q2 2015 (net positive impact of $0.05 per share) 

h)  For a complete description of significant items, please refer to page 3 of this MD&A. 

In July 2014, the Company’s UK & Ireland operations acquired SITECH. The results of operations and financial position of 
these acquired businesses have been included in the figures above since the date of acquisition. 
Results in 2014 were negatively impacted by: 

(a)  write-off of previously capitalized ERP costs in the Company’s South American operations by $0.06 per share 
(b)  severance and labour disruption costs of $17 million recorded in operations ($0.07 per share) 

Results in 2013 were impacted by: 

a)  a benefit from previously unrecognized tax losses of positive $0.03 per share 
b)  offset by the negative impact from the write-off of previously capitalized ERP costs in the Company’s UK & Ireland 

operations of $0.02 per share 

2) 

In October 2015 the Company closed a three-year extension to its $1.0 billion global operating credit facility, extending the 
maturity date to October 2020 from the previous maturity in September 2017.  
  In July 2013, the Company issued unsecured $200 million MTN due July 3, 2020. Proceeds from the issuance were used to 
early redeem the Company’s $250 million MTN due September 30, 2013. 
In May 2013, the Company refinanced its £70 million Eurobond, due May 30, 2013, with the issuance of £70 million in 
unsecured notes in the U.S. private placement market. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

Selected Quarterly Information   

$ millions 
(except for share and option data) 
Revenue from operations (1) 
   Canada 

   South America  

   UK & Ireland 

Total revenue 
Net (loss) income (1) (2)  
Earnings Per Share (1) (2)  
   Basic EPS 

   Diluted EPS 
Total assets (1)  
Long-term debt 

    Current 

    Non-current 
Total long-term debt(3)     
Cash dividends paid per common 

share 

2015 

2014 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

$ 

698  $ 

727  $ 

848  $ 

526 

294 

507 

264 

538 

270 

781 

489 

249 

$ 

946  $ 

866  $ 

930  $ 

593 

264 

517 

287 

568 

270 

891 

550 

235 

$  1,518  $  1,498  $  1,656  $  1,519 

$  1,803  $  1,670  $  1,768  $  1,676 

$ 

(309)  $ 

33  $ 

61  $ 

53 

$ 

107  $ 

57  $ 

86  $ 

68 

$  (1.82)  $  0.19  $  0.36  $  0.31 

$  0.62  $  0.33  $  0.50  $  0.39 

$  (1.82)  $  0.19  $  0.36  $  0.31 

$  0.62  $  0.33  $  0.50  $  0.39 

$  5,108 

$  5,520 

$  5,324  $  5,354 

$  5,273  $  5,237  $  5,196  $  5,353 

$  —  $  —  $  —  $  — 

$  —  $ 

1  $ 

1  $ 

1 

1,548 

1,553 

1,482 

1,477 

1,418 

1,408 

1,373 

1,393 

$  1,548  $  1,553  $  1,482  $  1,477 

$  1,418  $  1,409  $  1,374  $  1,394 

18.25¢ 

18.25¢ 

18.25¢ 

17.75¢ 

17.75¢ 

17.75¢ 

17.75¢ 

15.25¢ 

Common shares outstanding (000’s) 168,031 

169,612 

171,692 

172,374 

172,370 

172,369 

172,182 

172,126 

Options outstanding (000’s) 

5,171 

5,315 

5,390 

4,145 

4,226 

4,237 

5,437 

5,381 

1) 

In July 2015, the Company’s Canadian operations acquired the assets of Kramer Ltd. and became the approved 
Caterpillar dealer in Saskatchewan. In July 2014, the Company’s UK & Ireland operations acquired SITECH. The results 
of operations and financial position of these acquired businesses have been included in the figures above since the date 
of acquisition. 

2)  Q4 2015 results were impacted by the following significant items: 

a)  $338 million impairment loss recognized on the distribution network and goodwill in the Company’s South 

American operations of $324 million and UK & Ireland operations of $14 million ($1.56 per share) 

b)  Facility closures and restructuring costs and impairment on other assets totaling $45 million ($0.19 per share) 
c)  $42 million higher than usual inventory and other asset impairments, principally aged or customized 

inventories, recorded in the year ($0.19 per share) 

d)  $12 million foreign exchange loss on the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso as well as a higher 

annual effective tax rate in Argentina ($0.14 per share)  

e)  Sale of business in Uruguay in Q4 2015 resulted in a gain of $8 million ($0.04 per share) 
f)  Severance costs of $2 million ($0.01 per share) 
g)  For a complete description of significant items for Q4 2015, please see page 14 of this MD&A.  

Q3 2015 results were negatively impacted by severance costs of $0.11 per share, loss on a building sublease of $0.03 
per share and acquisition costs of $0.01 per share.  

Q2 2015 results were negatively impacted by severance costs of $0.03 per share and higher tax rate change in the 
Canadian operations of $0.01 per share. 

Q1 2015 results were positively impacted from previously unrecognized tax losses ($0.06 per share), offset by severance 
costs of $0.07 per share and facility closure costs of $0.01 per share.    

Q4 2014 results were positively impacted by an inflationary adjustment to reduce income tax expense in Argentina by 
$0.07 per share. 

Q3 2014 results were negatively impacted by the write-off of previously capitalized ERP costs in the Company’s South 
American operations by $0.06 per share, severance costs of $0.03 per share, a one-time revaluation adjustment of the 
Company’s deferred income tax balances of $0.04 per share, labour disruption costs ($0.01 per share) and higher annual 
effective tax rate in Argentina ($0.03 per share).  

Q2 2014 results were negatively impacted by severance costs of $0.02 per share. 

3)     In October 2015 the Company closed a three-year extension to its $1.0 billion global operating credit facility, extending the 

maturity date to October 2020 from the previous maturity in September 2017.  

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Disclaimer 

This report contains statements about the Company’s 
business outlook, objectives, plans, strategic priorities 
and other statements that are not historical facts. A 
statement Finning makes is forward-looking when it 
uses what the Company knows and expects today to 
make a statement about the future. Forward-looking 
statements may include words such as aim, anticipate, 
assumption, believe, could, expect, goal, guidance, 
intend, may, objective, outlook, plan, project, seek, 
should, strategy, strive, target, and will. Forward-
looking statements in this report include, but are not 
limited to, statements with respect to: expectations with 
respect to the economy and associated impact on the 
Company’s financial results; workforce reductions; 
distribution network and goodwill impairment charges; 
facility closures; expected revenue; expected free cash 
flow; EBIT margin; expected range of the effective tax 
rate; ROIC; market share growth; expected results from 
service excellence action plans; anticipated asset 
utilization; inventory turns and parts service levels; the 
expected target range of the Company’s net debt to 
invested capital ratio; and the expected financial impact 
from acquisitions. All such forward-looking statements 
are made pursuant to the ‘safe harbour’ provisions of 
applicable Canadian securities laws.  

Unless otherwise indicated by us, forward-looking 
statements in this report reflect Finning’s expectations 
at February 17, 2016. Except as may be required by 
Canadian securities laws, Finning does not undertake 
any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking 
statement, whether as a result of new information, 
future events, or otherwise.  

Forward-looking statements, by their very nature, are 
subject to numerous risks and uncertainties and are 
based on several assumptions which give rise to the 
possibility that actual results could differ materially from 
the expectations expressed in or implied by such 
forward-looking statements and that Finning’s business 
outlook, objectives, plans, strategic priorities and other 
statements that are not historical facts may not be 
achieved. As a result, Finning cannot guarantee that 
any forward-looking statement will materialize. Factors 
that could cause actual results or events to differ 
materially from those expressed in or implied by these 
forward-looking statements include: general economic 
and market conditions; foreign exchange rates; 
commodity prices; the level of customer confidence and 
spending, and the demand for, and prices of, Finning’s 
products and services; Finning’s dependence on the 
continued market acceptance of products and timely 
supply of parts and equipment; Finning’s ability to 
continue to improve productivity and operational 
efficiencies while continuing to maintain customer 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

service; Finning’s ability to manage cost pressures as 
growth in revenue occurs; Finning’s ability to reduce 
costs in response to slowing activity levels; Finning’s 
ability to attract sufficient skilled labour resources as 
market conditions, business strategy or technologies 
change; Finning’s ability to negotiate and renew 
collective bargaining agreements with satisfactory 
terms for Finning’s employees and the Company; the 
intensity of competitive activity; Finning’s ability to raise 
the capital needed to implement its business plan; 
regulatory initiatives or proceedings, litigation and 
changes in laws or regulations; stock market volatility; 
changes in political and economic environments for 
operations; the integrity, reliability, availability and 
benefits from information technology and the data 
processed by that technology. Forward-looking 
statements are provided in this report for the purpose of 
giving information about management’s current 
expectations and plans and allowing investors and 
others to get a better understanding of Finning’s 
operating environment. However, readers are 
cautioned that it may not be appropriate to use such 
forward-looking statements for any other purpose.  

Forward-looking statements made in this report are 
based on a number of assumptions that Finning 
believed were reasonable on the day the Company 
made the forward-looking statements. Refer in 
particular to the Outlook section of this MD&A. Some of 
the assumptions, risks, and other factors which could 
cause results to differ materially from those expressed 
in the forward-looking statements contained in this 
report are discussed in Section 4 of the Company’s 
current AIF.  

Finning cautions readers that the risks described in the 
MD&A and the AIF are not the only ones that could 
impact the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties 
not currently known to the Company or that are 
currently deemed to be immaterial may also have a 
material adverse effect on Finning’s business, financial 
condition, or results of operations.  

Except as otherwise indicated, forward-looking 
statements do not reflect the potential impact of any 
non-recurring or other unusual items or of any 
dispositions, mergers, acquisitions, other business 
combinations or other transactions that may be 
announced or that may occur after the date hereof. The 
financial impact of these transactions and non-recurring 
and other unusual items can be complex and depends 
on the facts particular to each of them. Finning 
therefore cannot describe the expected impact in a 
meaningful way or in the same way Finning presents 
known risks affecting its business. 

34 

 
 
 
2015 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS & NOTES

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS 

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) are the 
responsibility of the management of Finning International Inc. (the Company). The Consolidated Financial 
Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards which recognize the 
necessity of relying on management's best estimates and informed judgments. The financial information presented 
in the Company’s MD&A is consistent with that in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated 
Financial Statements and MD&A have, in management's opinion, been properly prepared within reasonable limits of 
materiality. 

The Company maintains an accounting system and related controls to provide management with reasonable 
assurance that transactions are executed and recorded in accordance with its authorizations, that assets are 
properly safeguarded and accounted for, and that financial records are reliable for preparation of financial 
statements. 

The Company's independent auditors, Deloitte LLP, have audited the Consolidated Financial Statements, as 
reflected in their report for 2015. 

The Board of Directors oversees management’s responsibilities for the Consolidated Financial Statements primarily 
through the activities of its Audit Committee. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is composed solely of 
directors who are neither officers nor employees of the Company. The Audit Committee meets regularly during the 
year with management of the Company and the Company’s independent auditors to review the Company’s interim 
and annual consolidated financial statements and MD&A. The Audit Committee also reviews internal accounting 
controls, risk management, internal and external audit results and accounting principles and practices. The Audit 
Committee is responsible for approving the remuneration and terms of engagement of the Company’s independent 
auditors. The Audit Committee also meets with the independent auditors, without management present, to discuss 
the results of their audit and the quality of financial reporting. On a quarterly basis, the Audit Committee reports its 
findings to the Board of Directors, and recommends approval of the interim and annual Consolidated Financial 
Statements.  

/s/ L. Scott Thomson 

/s/ Steven M. Nielsen 

L. Scott Thomson 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

Steven M. Nielsen 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

February 17, 2016   
1000-666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 2X8, Canada 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

To the Shareholders of  
Finning International Inc. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Finning International Inc., which comprise 
the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the 
consolidated statements of net (loss) income, comprehensive (loss) income, shareholders’ equity and cash flow for 
the years then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.  

Management's Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management 
determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor's Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We 
conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards.  Those standards require 
that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about 
whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the 
consolidated financial statements.  The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the 
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or 
error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation 
and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
entity's internal control.  An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the 
reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the 
consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our audit opinion.  

Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
Finning International Inc. as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and its financial performance and its 
cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.  

 /s/ Deloitte LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
February 17, 2016 
Vancouver, Canada 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION  

December 31 
(Canadian $ millions) 
ASSETS 
Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 24) 
Accounts receivable 
Service work in progress 
Inventories (Note 11) 
Other assets (Note 14) 

Total current assets 
Property, plant, and equipment (Note 16) 
Rental equipment (Note 16) 
Distribution network (Note 17) 
Goodwill (Note 18) 
Intangible assets (Note 19)   
Investments in joint venture and associate (Note 15) 
Other assets (Note 14) 
Total assets 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 

Short-term debt (Note 6) 
Accounts payable and accruals 
Deferred revenue 
Provisions (Note 21) 
Other liabilities (Note 22) 

Total current liabilities 
Long-term debt (Note 6) 
Net employee benefit obligations (Note 23) 
Provisions (Note 21) 
Other liabilities (Note 22) 
Total liabilities 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 29 and 30) 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
Share capital (Note 9) 
Contributed surplus  
Accumulated other comprehensive income  
Retained earnings 
Total shareholders’ equity  
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

Approved by the Directors February 17, 2016 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

475 
837 
99 
1,800 
249 
3,460 
677 
441 
101 
129 
49 
103 
148 
5,108 

117 
801 
259 
60 
6 
1,243 
1,548 
82 
5 
180 
3,058 

570 
— 
326 
1,154 
2,050 
5,108 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

450 
972 
106 
1,661 
288 
3,477 
675 
379 
341 
132 
56 
89 
124 
5,273 

7 
1,019 
265 
63 
18 
1,372 
1,418 
157 
5 
190 
3,142 

583 
39 
101 
1,408 
2,131 
5,273 

/s/ K. M. O’Neill 

K.M. O’Neill, Director 

/s/ D.W.G. Whitehead 

D.W.G. Whitehead, Director 

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET (LOSS) INCOME  

For years ended December 31 
(Canadian $ millions, except share and per share amounts) 
Revenue 

New equipment 
Used equipment 
Equipment rental 
Product support 
Other 
Total revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 
Impairment loss on distribution network and goodwill (Note 20) 
Equity earnings of joint venture and associate (Note 15) 
Other income (Note 5) 
Other expenses (Note 5) 
(Loss) earnings before finance costs and income taxes  
Finance costs (Note 6) 
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes  
Recovery of (provision for) income taxes (Note 13) 
Net (loss) income  

(Loss) earnings per share (Note 4) 

Basic 
Diluted 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding 

Basic 
Diluted 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

2,188 
341 
293 
3,352 
16 
6,190 
(4,376) 
1,814 
(1,542) 
(338) 
5 
8 
(52) 
(105) 
(85) 
(190) 
29 
(161) 

$ 

$ 

2,885 
271 
358 
3,381 
23 
6,918 
(4,856) 
2,062 
(1,556) 
— 
12 
— 
(14) 
504 
(85) 
419 
(101) 
318 

(0.94)  $ 
(0.94)  $ 

1.85 
1.84 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

171,141,863 
171,285,134

172,215,955 
172,968,100 

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME  

For years ended December 31 
(Canadian $ millions) 
Net (loss) income 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net income: 

Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, reclassified to earnings (Note 5) 
Unrealized loss on net investment hedges  
Income tax expense on foreign currency translation adjustments and net 

investment hedges 

Net gain on foreign currency translation and net investment hedges, net of 

income tax 
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges 
Realized loss on cash flow hedges, reclassified to earnings 
Income tax expense on cash flow hedges 
Gain on cash flow hedges, net of income tax 

Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net income: 

Actuarial gain (loss) (Note 23) 
Income tax (expense) recovery on actuarial gain (loss) 

Actuarial gain (loss), net of income tax 

Total comprehensive income  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY   

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(161) 

$ 

318 

355 
(4) 
(128) 

(10) 

213 
(6) 
10 
(1) 
3 

77 
(15) 
62 
117 

$ 

138 
— 
(52) 

— 

86 
(9) 
10 
— 
1 

(29) 
6 
(23) 
382 

$ 

Share Capital 

(Canadian $ millions,  
except share amounts) 

Shares 

Amount 

Contributed 
Surplus 

Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Income 
(Loss) 

Foreign 
Currency 
Translation 
and Loss 
on Net 
Investment 
Hedges 

Gain 
(Loss) on 
Cash Flow 
Hedges 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 

Balance, January 1, 2014 

172,014,230  $ 

573

$ 

Net income  

Other comprehensive income (loss) 

Total comprehensive income (loss) 

— 

— 

— 

Issued on exercise of share options 

356,025 

Share option expense 

Dividends on common shares 

— 

— 

—

— 

— 

10 

—

—

Balance, December 31, 2014 

172,370,255  $ 

583

$ 

Net loss  

Other comprehensive income  

Total comprehensive income (loss) 

Issued on exercise of share options 

Share option expense 
Repurchase of common shares 

(Note 8) 

Dividends on common shares 
Adjustment for change in accounting 

policy (Note 2d) 

— 

— 

— 

44,343 

— 

(4,383,170) 

— 

— 

—

—

—

1

—

(14)

—

— 

$ 

$ 

40

—

— 

— 

(10) 

9

—

39

—

—

—

—

7

(46) 

—

— 

28

—

86 

86 

— 

—

—

114

—

213

213

—

—

— 

—

— 

$ 

(14) 

$ 

1,231

$ 

1,858

— 

1 

1 

— 

— 

— 

318

(23) 
295 

— 

—

(118)

318

64 

382 

— 

9

(118)

$ 

(13) 

$ 

1,408

$ 

2,131

— 

3 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

9 

(161)

62

(99)

—

—

(31) 

(124)

— 

(161)

278

117

1

7 

(91) 

(124)

9 

Balance, December 31, 2015 

168,031,428  $ 

570

$ 

— $ 

327

$ 

(1) 

$ 

1,154

$ 

2,050

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW 

For years ended December 31 
(Canadian $ millions) 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Net (loss) income 
Adjusting for: 

Depreciation and amortization 
Gain on disposal of rental equipment and property, plant, and equipment 
Impairment of distribution network and goodwill (Note 20) 
Impairment long-lived assets (Note 16) 
Derecognition of intangible assets (Note 5d) 
Gain on disposal of subsidiary (Note 5a) 
Equity earnings of joint venture and associate  
Share-based payment expense  
(Recovery of) provision for income taxes  
Finance costs  
Defined benefit and other post-employment benefit expense (Note 23) 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities (Note 24) 
Additions to rental equipment 
Proceeds on disposal of rental equipment 
Interest paid 
Income tax paid 
Cash flow provided by operating activities 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
Additions to property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, and distribution 

network 

Proceeds on disposal of property, plant, and equipment 
Proceeds on disposal of subsidiary (Note 5a) 
Investment in and advances to associate 
Net payment for acquisitions (Note 25) 
Increase in short-term investments 
Cash flow used in investing activities 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt 
Decrease in long-term debt 
Debt issuance costs 
Repurchase of common shares (Note 8) 
Dividends paid  
Cash flow used in financing activities 
Effect of currency translation on cash balances 
Increase in cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year (Note 24) 

Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(161) 

$ 

318 

231 
(34) 
338 
26 
— 
(8) 
(5) 
1 
(29) 
85 
17 
76 
(231) 
207 
(73) 
(61) 
379 

(76) 
22 
15 
— 
(243) 
(24) 
(306) 

110 
(1) 
(1) 
(91) 
(124) 
(107) 
59 
25 
450 
475 

$ 

216 
(27) 
— 
— 
12 
— 
(12) 
10 
101 
85 
13 
(18) 
(264) 
229 
(70) 
(47) 
546 

(81) 
18 
— 
(4) 
(14) 
— 
(81) 

(84) 
(1) 
— 
— 
(118) 
(203) 
12 
274 
176 
450 

$ 

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
2015 Annual Results 
Index to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................... 8 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS ................................................ 8 

3. SEGMENTED INFORMATION ......................................................................................................................................... 13 

4. EARNINGS PER SHARE ............................................................................................................................................... 15 

5.  OTHER INCOME AND OTHER EXPENSES ...................................................................................................................... 16 

6. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCE COSTS .......................................................................................... 17 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 19 

8. MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL ......................................................................................................................................... 28 

9. SHARE CAPITAL ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 

10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 30 

11. INVENTORIES ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 

12. POWER SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS ........................................................................................................ 35 

13. INCOME TAXES ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 

14. OTHER ASSETS ........................................................................................................................................................ 39 

15. JOINT VENTURE AND ASSOCIATE .............................................................................................................................. 40 

16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND RENTAL EQUIPMENT ................................................................................... 41 

17. DISTRIBUTION NETWORK .......................................................................................................................................... 44 

18. GOODWILL ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 

19. INTANGIBLE ASSETS ................................................................................................................................................. 45 

20. ASSET IMPAIRMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 47 

21. PROVISIONS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49 

22. OTHER LIABILITIES ................................................................................................................................................... 49 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ................................................................................................................ 50 

24. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 57 

25. ACQUISITIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 58 

26. ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS ...................................................................................................................................... 60 

27. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND TOTAL STAFF COSTS ....................................................................................... 60 

28. LEASES ................................................................................................................................................................... 61 

29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES ........................................................................................................................ 62 

30. GUARANTEES AND INDEMNIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 62 

7 

 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 

Finning International Inc. (“Finning”) is a widely held, publicly traded corporation, listed on the Toronto Stock 
Exchange (TSX: FTT). The registered and head office of the Company is located at Suite 1000, Park Place, 666 
Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Company’s principal business is the sale of equipment, 
power and energy systems, rental of equipment and providing product support including sales of parts and servicing 
of equipment.  

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS 

These consolidated financial statements of Finning and its subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) have been 
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International 
Accounting Standard Board (IASB) issued and effective as of February 17, 2016, the date these financial statements 
were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors.  The Company has applied the same accounting 
policies consistently to all periods presented unless otherwise noted.  

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, 
estimates, and assumptions in respect of the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, income, and expenses. Actual results may differ from those judgments, estimates, and assumptions.  

Certain of the Company’s accounting policies that relate to the financial statements as a whole, as well as estimates 
and judgments it has made and how they affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, are 
incorporated in this section. This note also describes new standards, amendments or interpretations that are 
effective and applied by the Company during 2015 or are not yet effective. Where an accounting policy, estimate, 
and judgment are applicable to a specific note to the accounts, they are described within that note.  

These consolidated financial statements were prepared under the historical cost basis except for derivative financial 
instruments, short-term investments, contingent consideration, and liabilities for share-based payment 
arrangements, which have been measured at fair value. 

(a) Principles of Consolidation 

Accounting Policy 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, which includes the Finning (Canada) 
division and Finning’s wholly owned subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are those entities over which Finning has the power 
over the investee, is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and has the 
ability to use its power to affect its returns, generally accompanying a shareholding that confers more than half of the 
voting rights. The consolidated financial statements include the operating results of acquired or disposed 
subsidiaries from the date the Company obtains control or the date control is lost.  

The Company’s principal wholly owned subsidiaries, and the main countries in which they operate, are as follows: 

Name 
Finning (UK) Ltd 
Finning Chile S.A.  
Finning Argentina S.A. 
Finning Soluciones Mineras S.A.  
Moncouver S.A. 
Finning Bolivia S.A. 
OEM Remanufacturing Company Inc. 

Principal place  
of business 
United Kingdom 
Chile 
Argentina 
Argentina 
Uruguay 
Bolivia 
Canada 

% ownership 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

Functional 
currency 
GBP 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
USD 
CAD 

In December 2015, the Company sold its wholly owned subsidiary, Finning Uruguay S.A.  

All shareholdings are of ordinary shares or other equity capital. Other subsidiaries, while included in the 
consolidated financial statements, are not material. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

(b) Foreign Currency Translation 

Accounting Policy 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the functional currency of the 
parent company. Transactions undertaken in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars at exchange 
rates prevailing at the time the transactions occurred. Account balances denominated in foreign currencies are 
translated into Canadian dollars as follows: 

(cid:120)  Monetary items are translated at exchange rates in effect at the statement of financial position dates and non-

monetary items are translated at historical exchange rates; and  

(cid:120)  Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in income except where the exchange gain or loss arises from 
the translation of monetary items designated as hedges. The effective portion of hedging gains and losses 
associated with these cash flow hedges is recorded, net of tax, in other comprehensive income until it is 
reclassified to include it in the initial carrying cost of the hedged asset or hedged liability and recognized in 
earnings on the same basis as the hedged item. 

Financial statements of foreign operations are translated from the functional currency of the foreign operation into 
Canadian dollars as follows: 

(cid:120)  Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the statement of financial position 

dates; 

(cid:120)  Revenue and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period that the 

transactions occurred; and 

(cid:120)  Foreign currency translation adjustments and gains and losses on net investment hedges are reported within 

other comprehensive income. Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of gains and losses on 
net investment hedges, are recognized in net income upon the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of 
the Company’s entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal that involves loss of control of a subsidiary 
that includes a foreign operation, loss of joint control over a jointly controlled entity that includes a foreign 
operation, or loss of significant influence over an associate that includes a foreign operation). 

The Company has hedged some of its investments in foreign subsidiaries using foreign currency denominated 
borrowings. Foreign exchange gains or losses arising from the translation of these hedging instruments are 
accounted for as items of other comprehensive income and presented on the consolidated statement of financial 
position. Foreign exchange gains or losses arising from net investment hedging instruments are recognized in net 
income upon the disposal of a foreign operation. See Note 7 for further details on the Company’s hedge accounting 
policy.  

Areas of Significant Judgment 

Management has made judgments with regard to the determination of the functional currency of each entity of the 
Company.   

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

(c) Revenue Recognition 

Accounting Policy 

Revenue recognition occurs when there is an arrangement with a customer, primarily in the form of a contract or 
purchase order, a fixed or determinable sales price is established with the customer, performance requirements are 
achieved, and it is probable that economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company. 
Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of any incentives offered.   

Revenue is recognized as performance requirements are achieved in accordance with the following: 

(cid:120)  Revenue from sales of equipment is recognized at the time title to the equipment and significant risks and 

rewards of ownership passes to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment of the product to the 
customer; 

(cid:120)  Revenue from equipment rentals and operating leases is recognized in accordance with the terms of the 

relevant agreement with the customer, either evenly over the term of that agreement or on a usage basis such 
as the number of hours that the equipment is used;  

(cid:120)  Revenue from product support includes sales of parts and servicing of equipment. For sales of parts, revenue is 

recognized when the part is shipped to the customer or when the part is installed in the customer’s equipment. 
For servicing of equipment, revenue is recognized as the service work is performed. Product support is also 
offered to customers in the form of long-term maintenance and repair contracts. For these contracts, revenue is 
recognized on a basis proportionate to the service work that has been performed based on the parts and labour 
service provided. Parts revenue is recognized based on parts list price and service revenue is recognized based 
on standard billing labour rates. Any losses estimated during the term of a long-term maintenance and repair 
contract are recognized when identified. 

(cid:120)  The revenue recognition accounting policy for construction contracts with customers is described in Note 12. 

If an arrangement with a customer involves the provision of multiple elements, the total arrangement value is 
allocated to each element as a separate unit of accounting based on their fair values if:  

a.  The delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; 
b.  There is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item; and  
c.  The arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item and delivery or performance 

of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in the control of the Company.  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

Long-Term Contracts  

Where the outcome of a long-term contract (primarily power systems and maintenance and repair contracts) can be 
estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity 
at the statement of financial position date and is measured primarily based on the proportion of contract costs 
incurred for work performed to date relative to the estimated total contract costs. Variations in contract work, claims 
and incentive payments are included to the extent that they have been agreed with the customer.  Where the 
outcome of a long-term contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognized in the current period to 
the extent that it is probable that contract costs will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognized as expenses in 
the period in which they are incurred.  When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, 
the expected loss is recognized as an expense immediately. 

Repurchase Commitments 

Guaranteed residual values are periodically given in connection with repurchase commitments provided to 
customers. The likelihood of the repurchase commitments being exercised is assessed at the inception of the 
contract to determine whether significant risks and rewards have been transferred to the customer and if revenue 
should be recognized. The likelihood of the repurchase commitments being exercised, and quantification of the 
possible loss, if any, on resale of the equipment, is assessed at the inception of the contract and at each reporting 
period thereafter.  Significant assumptions are made in estimating residual values. These are assessed based on 
past experience and take into account expected future market conditions and projected disposal values. 

Areas of Significant Judgment 

Rental Purchase Options 

Rental purchase options (RPOs) are rental agreements with customers which include an option to purchase the 
equipment at the end of the rental term. The Company periodically sells portfolios of RPOs to financial institutions, 
and is required to make judgments as to whether the risks and rewards of ownership of the underlying assets have 
been transferred in such circumstances. The level of residual value risk retained by the Company, the continuing 
managerial involvement of the Company in the assets, and the transfer of title to the assets are all considered when 
assessing whether the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to third parties and hence whether 
revenue should be recognized on the sale of the assets and associated rental contracts. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, KEY ASSUMPTIONS, AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

(d) Changes in Accounting Policy 

In December 2015, the Company started to apply hedge accounting to hedges of certain inventory purchases in its 
Canadian operations. At the same time the Company voluntarily changed its accounting policy for its accounting 
treatment of the effective portion of hedging gains and losses associated with cash flow hedges of non-financial 
items. Previously, the Company recorded these amounts, net of tax, in other comprehensive income and reclassified 
from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings when the hedged item affects income. Under the new 
policy, the effective portion of these hedges will be reclassified and included in the initial carrying cost of the hedged 
asset or hedged liability (ie. basis adjustment) and therefore recognized in earnings on the same basis as the 
hedged item. Management believes the new accounting policy is reliable and provides more relevant information 
because the basis adjustment results in the hedged item being recognized at the hedged rate in the balance sheet. 

In accordance with the requirements of IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and  
Errors, the Company has retrospectively applied this change in accounting policy. In 2012, the Company’s Canadian 
operations entered into a cash flow hedge to hedge the foreign currency risk related to its purchase from Caterpillar 
of the distribution and support business formerly operated by Bucyrus International Inc. In accordance with the 
Company’s previous accounting policy, the Company retained the effective portion of the hedge of $9 million in 
accumulated other comprehensive income. The impact of retrospectively applying the new accounting policy is the 
Company reclassified the effective portion out of accumulated other comprehensive income and increased the 
carrying cost of goodwill (Note 18).  

The Company has adopted the following amendments to standards: 

(cid:120)  Amendments to IFRS 8, Operating Segments (effective January 1, 2015) require disclosure of the judgments 
made by management in aggregating operating segments. This includes a description of the segments which 
have been aggregated and the economic indicators which have been assessed in determining that the 
aggregated segments share similar economic characteristics. This amendment did not impact the Company’s 
annual financial statement disclosures. 

(e) Future Accounting Pronouncements 

The Company has not applied the following amendments to standards and new standards that have been issued but 
are not yet effective:  

(cid:120)  Amendments to IAS 19, Employee Benefits (effective January 1, 2016) clarify that the high quality corporate 

bonds used in estimating the discount rate for post-employment employee benefits should be denominated in 
the same currency as the benefits to be paid. This amendment will not have an impact on the Company’s 
financial statements. 

(cid:120)  Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements (effective January 1, 2016) are designed to 
encourage companies to apply professional judgment in determining what information to disclose in their 
financial statements. For example, the amendments make clear that materiality applies to the whole of financial 
statements and that the inclusion of immaterial information can inhibit the usefulness of financial disclosures. 
Management is currently assessing the impact of the amendment on its financial statement disclosures. 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (effective January 1, 2018) introduces new requirements for the classification and 
measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. 
Management is currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on its financial statements. 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective date January 1, 2018) outlines a single 
comprehensive model for companies to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. 
Management is currently assessing the impact of the new standard. 

IFRS 16, Leases (effective January 1, 2019) introduces new requirements for the classification and 
measurement of leases. Management is currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on its 
consolidated financial statements. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

3. SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The Company and its subsidiaries have operated primarily in one principal business during the year, that being the 
selling, servicing, and renting of heavy equipment, engines, and related products. 

Information reported to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment 
of segment performance primarily focuses on the dealership territories in which the Company operates.  

The reporting segments, which are the same as the Company’s operating segments, are as follows: 

(cid:120)  Canadian operations: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and a portion 

of Nunavut. 

(cid:120)  South American operations: Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia.   
(cid:120)  UK & Ireland operations: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. 
(cid:120)  Other: corporate head office. 

Revenue, results, and other information by reporting segment 

For year ended December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Revenue from external sources 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Impairment loss on goodwill and distribution 

network 

Equity earnings  
Other income 
Other expenses 
Earnings (loss) before finance costs and 

income taxes 

Finance costs  
Income tax recovery 
Net loss 

$ 

Canada 
3,054 
(2,793) 
(121) 

$ 

South 
America 
2,059 
(1,824) 
(82) 

UK & 
Ireland 

Other 

Consolidated 

$ 

$ 

1,077 
(1,040) 
(28) 

—  $ 
(30)
— 

6,190 
(5,687) 
(231) 

— 
4 
— 
(46) 

(324) 
— 
— 
(3) 

(14) 
— 
— 
— 

— 
1 
8 
(3)

$ 

98 

$ 

(174)  $ 

(5)  $ 

(24) $ 

Invested capital (1) 
Total assets 
Capital and rental equipment (2) 
Gross capital expenditures (3)  
Gross rental asset expenditures (3) 
(1) 
(2)  Capital includes property, plant and equipment, and intangibles 
(3) 

1,760 
2,370 
662 
30 
192 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

Invested capital is calculated as total assets less total liabilities, excluding net debt 

Includes finance leases capitalized and excludes additions through business acquisitions 

1,122 
1,991 
358 
43 
25 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

321 
671 
147 
6 
35 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

  $ 

37  $ 
76  $ 
—  $ 
—  $ 
—  $ 

(338) 
5 
8 
(52) 

(105) 
(85) 
29 
(161) 

3,240 
5,108 
1,167 
79 
252 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & 
Ireland 

Other 

$ 

3,634  $ 

2,227  $ 

(3,246)
(112)
8 
— 

(1,945)
(72)
— 
(14)

1,057  $ 
(975) 
(32) 
— 
— 

Consolidated 
6,918 
(6,196) 
(216) 
12 
(14) 

—  $ 

(30)
— 
4 
— 

$ 

284  $ 

196  $ 

50  $ 

(26) $ 

3. SEGMENTED INFORMATION (CONTINUED 

) 

For year ended December 31, 2014 
($ millions)  
Revenue from external sources 
Operating costs 
Depreciation and amortization 
Equity earnings  
Other expenses 
Earnings (loss) before finance costs and 

income taxes 

Finance costs  
Provision for income taxes 
Net income 

504 
(85) 
(101) 
318 

3,106 
5,273 
1,110 
84 
264 

Invested capital (1) 
Total assets 
Capital and rental equipment (2) 
Gross capital expenditures (3) 
Gross rental asset expenditures (3) 
(1) 
(2)  Capital includes property, plant and equipment, and intangibles 
(3) 

1,475  $ 
2,400  $ 
643  $ 
37  $ 
230  $ 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

Invested capital is calculated as total assets less total liabilities, excluding net debt 

1,348  $ 
2,112  $ 
344  $ 
35  $ 
20  $ 

284  $ 
619  $ 
122  $ 
12  $ 
14  $ 

  $ 

(1) $ 
142  $ 
1  $ 
—  $ 
—  $ 

Includes finance leases and borrowing costs capitalized and excludes additions through business acquisitions 

Revenue and non-current assets (4) by location of operations 

($ millions) 
Canada 
Chile 
United Kingdom 
Argentina 
Other countries 
(4) Non-current assets exclude deferred tax assets 

Revenues  
Year ended December 31 

2015 

2014 

Non-current assets (4) 
As at December 31 
2014 
2015 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

3,054 $ 
1,562 $ 
1,025 $ 
332 $ 
217 $ 

3,634   $ 
1,671   $ 
1,000   $ 
359   $ 
254   $ 

997 $ 
268  $ 
211 $ 
88 $ 
26 $ 

933
510
178
97
35

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

4. EARNINGS PER SHARE 

Accounting Policy 

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the 
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is determined by dividing net 
income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, 
adjusted for the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares, which comprise share options granted to 
employees. 

($ millions, except share and per share amounts) 
2015 
Basic EPS: 
Net loss 
Effect of dilutive securities: share options  
Diluted EPS: 
Net loss and assumed conversions 
2014 
Basic EPS: 
Net income  
Effect of dilutive securities: share options  
Diluted EPS: 
Net income and assumed conversions 

Income 

Shares 

Per 
Share 

$ 

(161) 
— 

171,141,863 
143,271 

$ 

(0.94)
—

$ 

(161) 

171,285,134 

$ 

(0.94)

$ 

318 
— 

172,215,955 
752,145 

$ 

1.85 
—

$ 

318 

172,968,100 

$ 

1.84 

Share options granted to employees of 4.0 million (2014: 1.7 million) are anti-dilutive and are excluded from the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  OTHER INCOME AND OTHER EXPENSES  

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)  
Gain on sale of Uruguay dealership (a) 
Total other income 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

$ 
$ 

8 
8 

$ 
$ 

— 
— 

(a)  On December 1, 2015, the Company sold the shares of its wholly owned subsidiary, Finning Uruguay S.A. 

(Uruguay dealership) for proceeds of $22 million and received $11 million for the settlement of a payable due to 
Finning Chile S.A. For the sale of the shares, the Company received $15 million in cash and the remaining 
balance is recognized as a receivable in the Company’s statement of financial position. The sale resulted in a 
gain of approximately $8 million, including a $4 million reclassification of foreign cumulative translation gains to 
earnings. 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)  
Impairment loss on long-lived assets (b) 
Provision for onerous contracts and restructuring costs (b) 
Acquisition costs (c) 
Derecognition of ERP implementation costs (d) 
Project costs  
Total other expenses 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

(24) 
(25) 
(3) 
— 
— 
(52) 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
(12) 
(2) 
(14) 

(b)  As part of the actions taken by the Company to reduce costs, the Company reduced its global workforce and 

exited a number of facilities, primarily in its Canadian operations. Impairment losses relate to exited properties 
that are either owned or on finance lease (Note 16). Provisions are recognized for the unavoidable costs from 
exited properties that are under an operating lease and for expenditures related to the Company’s restructuring 
plans.  

(c)  Acquisition costs relate to the acquisition of the operating assets of Kramer Ltd (Note 25).  

(d)  Following an evaluation of the business needs of the Company’s South American operations and a capability 

analysis, management determined that the implementation of a full ERP system in its South American 
operations would not occur in the near future. Although existing system maintenance requirements are being 
reviewed, the delay in the implementation of a full ERP system led to an accounting review and a decision to 
derecognize the previously capitalized costs of $12 million. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCE COSTS 

December 31 
($ millions) 
Short-term debt 
Long-term debt: 
6.02%, $350 million, due June 1, 2018 
3.232%, $200 million, due July 3, 2020 
5.077% $150 million, due June 13, 2042 
3.98% U.S. $100 million, due January 19, 2022, Series A 
4.08% U.S. $100 million, due January 19, 2024, Series B 
4.18% U.S. $50 million, due April 3, 2022, Series C 
4.28% U.S. $50 million, due April 3, 2024, Series D 
4.53% U.S. $200 million, due April 3, 2027, Series E 
3.40% £70 million, due May 22, 2023, Series F  
Other term loans (a) 
Total long-term debt 
Non-current portion of long-term debt 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

$ 

117 $ 

7

350
199
149
138
138
69
69
276
142
18
1,548
1,548 $ 

349
199
149
116
116
58
58
231
126
16
1,418
1,418

$ 

(a)  Other term loans include $14 million (€9 million) (2014: €9 million) of unsecured borrowings under committed 
bank facilities that are classified as long-term debt. Other term loans also include $4 million (£2 million) (2014: 
£2 million) of unsecured term loans primarily from supplier merchandising programs. 

The Company has an unsecured syndicated committed operating credit facility of up to $1.0 billion. The facility is 
available in multiple borrowing jurisdictions and may be drawn by a number of the Company’s principal operating 
subsidiaries. Borrowings under this facility are available in multiple currencies and at various floating rates of 
interest. The facility contains annual options, subject to mutual consent of the syndicate bank lenders and the 
Company, to extend the maturity date on terms reflecting market conditions at the time of the extension. In October 
2015, the Company completed a three-year extension to this facility, extending the maturity date to October 2020 
from the previous maturity in September 2017.  

Short-Term Debt 

In 2015, short-term debt comprises foreign currency denominated unsecured term loans from supplier 
merchandising programs of U.S. $6 million (Canadian equivalent $8 million) that matures within one year (2014: 
U.S. $6 million (Canadian equivalent $7 million)).  

The Company maintains a maximum authorized commercial paper program of $600 million which is utilized as the 
Company’s principal source of short-term funding. As at December 31, 2015, there was $109 million of commercial 
paper outstanding (2014: $nil). This commercial paper program is backstopped by credit available under the $1.0 
billion committed credit facility. In addition, the Company maintains certain other committed and uncommitted bank 
credit facilities, such as overdrafts and letters of credit, to support its subsidiary operations.  

The average interest rate applicable to the consolidated short-term debt for 2015 was 2.9% (2014: 5.1%). 

Long-Term Debt 

The Company's Canadian dollar denominated Medium Term Notes (MTN) are unsecured, and interest is payable 
semi-annually with the principal due on maturity.  

At December 31, 2015, $14 million (2014: $13 million) was drawn on the global credit facility.  

The average interest rate applicable to the consolidated long-term debt for 2015 was 4.5% (2014: 4.5%). 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
6. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT AND FINANCE COSTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Long-Term Debt Repayments 

Principal repayments of long-term debt (carrying amount) in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

December 31 
($ millions) 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
Thereafter 

Finance Costs 

 $ 

 $ 

—
—
350
—
214
984
1,548

Finance costs as shown on the consolidated statements of income comprise the following elements: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Interest on short-term debt 
Interest on long-term debt 
Interest on debt securities 
Gain on foreign currency swap contracts 
Net interest cost on post-employment benefit obligations (Note 23) 
Other finance related expenses 
Finance costs  

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

4 
67 
71 
— 
5 
9 
85 

$ 

$ 

12 
63 
75 
(4) 
5 
9 
85 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Finning and its subsidiaries are exposed to market, credit, liquidity, and other risks in the normal course of their 
business activities. The Company’s Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process is designed to ensure that such 
risks are identified, managed, and reported. This ERM framework assists the Company in managing business 
activities and risks across the organization in order to achieve the Company’s strategic objectives. The Company is 
dedicated to a strong risk management culture to protect and enhance shareholder value. On a quarterly basis, the 
Audit Committee reviews the Company’s process with respect to risk assessment and management of key risks, 
including the Company’s major financial risks and exposures and the steps taken to monitor and control such 
exposures. Changes to the key risks are reviewed by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also reviews the 
adequacy of disclosures of key risks in the Company’s Annual Information Form, Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis, and Consolidated Financial Statements.  

This note presents information about the Company’s exposure to credit, liquidity, and market risks and the 
Company’s objectives, policies, and processes for managing these risks.  

(a) Financial Assets and Credit Risk 

Accounting Policy 

Classification and measurement 

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, instalment and other notes receivable, and supplier claims 
receivable are classified as loans and receivables. They are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest 
method.   

Financial assets that are measured at amortized cost are assessed for impairment at the end of each reporting 
period. For certain categories of financial assets, such as trade receivables, assets that are assessed not to be 
impaired individually are, in addition, assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of 
impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Company’s past experience of collecting payments, an 
increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period, as well as observable 
changes in national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables. The carrying amount of 
trade receivables, is reduced through the use of an allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount of the 
allowance account are recognized in net income. When the Company is satisified that no recovery of the amount 
owing is possible; at that point the amount is considered not recoverable and the financial asset is written off. 

Derivative assets and short-term investments are recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position at fair 
value.   

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

The Company makes estimates for allowances that represent its estimate of potential losses in respect of trade and 
other receivables and service work in progress. The main components of these allowances are a specific loss 
component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective loss component established for groups 
of similar assets in respect of losses that may have been incurred but not yet specifically identified. The collective 
loss allowance is estimated based on historical data of payment statistics for similar financial assets, adjusted for 
current economic conditions.  

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to 
meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally in respect of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, short-
term investments, receivables from customers and suppliers, instalment and other notes receivable, and derivative 
assets. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Exposure to Credit Risk 

The carrying amount of financial assets and service work in progress represents the maximum credit exposure. The 
Company’s exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was: 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

December 31 
($ millions)  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Accounts receivable – trade 
Accounts receivable – other 
Service work in progress 
Supplier claims receivable 
Instalment notes receivable 
Short-term investment 
Value Added Tax receivable 
Derivative assets  

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

475 
725 
112 
99 
76 
40 
23 
11 
7 
1,568 

$ 

$ 

450 
872 
100 
106 
114 
50 
— 
14 
— 
1,706 

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments 

Credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments is managed by ensuring that 
these financial assets are held with major financial institutions with strong investment grade ratings and by 
monitoring the exposures with any single institution. An ongoing review is performed to evaluate the changes in the 
credit rating of counterparties. 

Accounts Receivable, Service Work in Progress, and Other Receivables 

Accounts receivable comprises trade accounts and non-trade accounts. Service work in progress relates to unbilled 
work in progress for external customers and represents the costs incurred plus recognized profits, net of any 
recognized losses and progress billings.  

The Company has a large, diversified customer base, and is not dependent on any single customer or group of 
customers. Credit risk associated with receivables from customers and suppliers is minimized because of the 
diversification of the Company’s operations as well as its large customer base and its geographical dispersion.  

The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the reporting date by geographic location of customer 
was: 

December 31 
($ millions)  
Canada 
Chile 
U.K. 
Argentina 
Other 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

313 
209 
110 
66 
27 
725 

$ 

$ 

417 
237 
113 
60 
45 
872 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Impairment Losses 

The aging of trade receivables at the reporting date was: 

December 31 
($ millions) 
Not past due 
Past due 1 – 30 days 
Past due 31 – 90 days 
Past due 91 – 120 days 
Past due greater than 120 days  
Total 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

Gross 

Allowance 

Gross 

$ 

$ 

528 
134 
53 
10 
23 
748 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
1 
2 
20 
23 

  $ 

  $ 

611 
182 
57 
10 
35 
895 

Allowance 
— 
— 
— 
1 
22 
23 

$ 

$ 

The movement in the allowance for doubtful accounts in respect of trade receivables during the year was as follows: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)  
Balance, beginning of year  
Additional allowance 
Receivables written off 
Foreign exchange translation adjustment 
Balance, end of year 

Derivative Assets 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

23 
11 
(14) 
3 
23 

$ 

$ 

25 
9 
(11) 
— 
23 

The Company does have a certain degree of credit exposure arising from its derivative instruments relating to 
counterparties defaulting on their obligations. However, the Company minimizes this risk by ensuring there is no 
excessive concentration of credit risk with any single counterparty, by active credit monitoring, and by dealing 
primarily with major financial institutions that have a credit rating of at least A from Standard & Poor’s and/or 
Moody’s.  

(b) Financial Liabilities and Liquidity Risk   

Accounting Policy 

Classification and measurement  

Short-term and long-term debt and accounts payable are classified as other financial liabilities. They are measured 
at amortized cost using the effective interest method.  

Derivative liabilities are recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value. 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The 
Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquid financial 
resources to fund its operations and meet its commitments and obligations. Based on this, the Company believes 
that it has good access to capital markets. The Company maintains bilateral and syndicated bank credit facilities, a 
commercial paper program, continuously monitors actual and forecast cash flows, and manages maturity profiles of 
financial liabilities. At December 31, 2015, the Company had approximately $1,926 million (2014: $1,789 million) of 
unsecured credit facilities. Included in this amount are committed bank facilities totaling $1,125 million (2014: $1,199 
million) with various Canadian, U.S., and South American financial institutions. At December 31, 2015, $877 million 
(2014: $987 million) was available under these committed facilities.  

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

The following are the contractual maturities of non-derivative financial liabilities and derivative financial instruments. 
The amounts presented represent the future undiscounted principal and interest cash flows, and therefore, do not 
equate to the carrying amount on the consolidated statement of financial position.  

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Carrying amount
December 31, 2015

2016 

Contractual cash flows 
2019-2020 
2017-2018 

Thereafter 

($ millions)  
Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Short-term debt 
Unsecured $700 million MTN 
U.S. $500 million Notes 
£70 million Notes 
Unsecured bank facilities 
Other term loans 
Finance lease obligations 
Accounts payable and accruals (excluding 
current portion of finance lease 
obligations) 
Total non-derivative financial liabilities 

$ 

(117) $ 
(698)
(690)
(142)
(14)
(4)
(35)

(117)  $ 

(35) 
(30) 
(5) 
— 
(1) 
(6) 

$ 

— 
(410) 
(59) 
(10) 
— 
(1) 
(12) 

$ 

— 
(228) 
(59) 
(10) 
(14) 
(1) 
(16) 

— 
(314) 
(816) 
(155) 
— 
(2) 
(16) 

(797)

$ 

(2,497) $ 

(797) 
(991)  $ 

— 
(492)  $ 

— 
(328)  $ 

— 
(1,303) 

Derivatives  
Forward foreign currency contracts and swaps 
$ 

Sell CAD 
Buy USD 
Sell CAD 
Buy USD 
Sell USD 
Buy CAD 
Sell CLP 
Buy USD 
Sell USD 
Buy CLP 
Sell USD 
Buy ARS 

Total derivatives  

$ 

2 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(2)
 — 
5 
 — 
5 

$ 

$ 

(56)  $ 
58 
(49) 
49 
(3) 
3 
(56) 
57 
(17) 
15 
(24) 
21 
(2)  $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Canadian dollar (CAD), United States dollar (USD), Chilean peso (CLP), Argentine peso (ARS) 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

(c) Hedging and Market Risk   

Accounting Policy 

Hedges 

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments and foreign currency debt in order to manage its foreign 
currency and interest rate exposure. The Company uses derivative financial instruments only in connection with 
managing related risk positions and does not use them for trading or speculative purposes.    

The Company determines whether or not to formally designate, for accounting purposes, eligible hedging 
relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items. This process includes linking derivatives to specific 
risks from assets or liabilities on the statement of financial position or specific firm commitments or forecasted 
transactions. For hedges designated as such for accounting purposes, the Company documents and formally 
assesses, both at inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting 
changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the identified hedged items. When derivative instruments have 
been designated as a hedge and are highly effective in offsetting the identified hedged risk, hedge accounting is 
applied to the derivative instruments. The ineffective portion of hedging gains and losses of highly effective hedges 
is reported in net income.  

Cash Flow Hedges 

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts and, at times may use, options to hedge the currency risk 
associated with certain foreign currency purchase commitments, payroll, and associated accounts payable and 
accounts receivable for periods up to two years in advance. The effective portion of hedging gains and losses 
associated with these cash flow hedges is recorded, net of tax, in other comprehensive income and recognized in 
earnings in the same period as the hedged item. For cash flow hedges of non-financial items, these gains and 
losses are reclassified and included in the initial carrying cost of the hedged asset or hedged liability. The gain or 
loss relating to any ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income.  

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge is discontinued or no longer meets the criteria for 
hedge accounting, any accumulated gain or loss recorded in other comprehensive income at that time remains in 
accumulated other comprehensive income until the originally hedged transaction affects income. When a forecasted 
transaction is no longer expected to occur, the accumulated gain or loss that was reported in other comprehensive 
income is immediately recorded in the consolidated statement of income. 

Gains and losses relating to foreign exchange forward contracts that are not designated as hedges for accounting 
purposes are recorded in the consolidated statement of income as selling, general, and administrative expenses or 
finance costs, as appropriate. 

Net Investment Hedges 

The Company typically uses foreign currency debt to hedge foreign currency gains and losses on its long-term net 
investments in foreign operations. The effective portion of the gain or loss of such instruments associated with the 
hedged risk is recorded in other comprehensive income.  These gains or losses are recognized in net income upon 
the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e. a disposal of the Company’s entire interest in a foreign operation, or a 
disposal that involves loss of control of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, loss of joint control over a 
jointly controlled entity that includes a foreign operation, or loss of significant influence over an associate that 
includes a foreign operation). 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Market risk is the risk that changes in the market, such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates, will affect the 
Company’s income or the fair value of its financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to 
manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters. 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

The Company is geographically diversified, with significant investments in several different countries. The Company 
transacts business in multiple currencies, the most significant of which are the CAD, USD, U.K. pound sterling 
(GBP), CLP, and ARS.  

As a result, the Company has foreign currency exposure with respect to items denominated in foreign currencies. 
The main types of foreign exchange risk of the Company can be categorized as follows: 

Translation Exposure 

The most significant foreign exchange impact on the Company’s other comprehensive income is the translation of 
foreign currency based earnings and net assets or liabilities into Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s 
presentation currency. The Company’s South American and UK & Ireland operations have functional currencies 
other than the Canadian dollar, and as a result foreign currency gains and losses arise in the cumulative translation 
adjustment account from the translation of the Company’s net investment in these operations. Therefore, exchange 
rate movements in the USD and GBP relative to the CAD will impact the consolidated results of the South American 
and UK & Ireland operations in CAD terms.  To the extent practical, it is the Company’s objective to manage this 
exposure. The Company has hedged a portion of its foreign investments with foreign currency denominated loans.  

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt that is designated as net investment hedging instruments is $813 
million (2014: $730 million).  

Transaction Exposure 

The most significant foreign exchange impact on the Company’s net income is the purchase, sale, rent, and lease of 
products as well as costs denominated in currencies other than its functional currency. This mismatch of currencies 
creates transactional exposure, which may affect the Company’s profitability as exchange rates fluctuate. For 
example, the Company’s Canadian operating results are exposed to volatility in foreign exchange rates (USD/CAD) 
between the timing of equipment and parts purchases and the ultimate sale to customers. A portion of this exposure 
is hedged through the use of forward exchange contracts as well as managed through pricing practices. In 
December 2015, the Company started to apply hedge accounting to these hedges of inventory purchases in its 
Canadian operations. The Company’s competitive position may also be impacted as relative currency movements 
affect the business practices and/or pricing strategies of the Company’s competitors.   

The results of the Company’s operations are impacted by the translation of its foreign-denominated earnings; the 
results of the Canadian operations are impacted by USD based earnings and the results of the South American 
operations are impacted by CLP and ARS based revenues and costs. The Company does not hedge its exposure to 
foreign exchange risk with regard to foreign currency earnings.  

The Company is also exposed to currency risks related to the future cash flows on its foreign-denominated financial 
assets and financial liabilities. The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to manage some mismatches 
in foreign currency cash flows. Since management does not fully hedge balance sheet exposures, any un-hedged 
positions result in unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses until the financial assets and financial liabilities are 
settled. 

The fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments is $2 million (2014: $4 million). 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk 

The currencies of the Company’s significant financial instruments were as follows:  

December 31, 2015 
(millions) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Short-term and long-term debt 
Accounts payable and accruals 
Net statement of financial position exposure 
Foreign exchange forward contracts and swaps 

December 31, 2014 
(millions) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Short-term and long-term debt 
Accounts payable and accruals 
Net statement of financial position exposure 
Foreign exchange forward contracts and swaps 

Sensitivity Analysis to Foreign Exchange Risk 

CAD 

USD 

GBP 

— 
256 
(822) 
(210) 
(776) 
102 

246 
99 
(504) 
(129) 
(288) 
104 

30 
55 
(72) 
(70) 
(57) 
— 

CAD 

USD 

GBP 

170 
378 
(698) 
(373) 
(523) 
(136) 

146 
112 
(504) 
(190) 
(436) 
105 

21 
64 
(72) 
(81) 
(68) 
— 

CLP 
23,403 
107,158 
— 
(121,866) 
8,695 
21 

CLP 
23,403 
124,113 
— 
(123,748) 
23,768 
(5,423) 

ARS 

63 
— 
— 
(166) 
(103) 
— 

ARS 

131 
— 
— 
(136) 
(5) 
— 

As a result of foreign exchange gains or losses on the translation of foreign currency denominated financial 
instruments, a 5% weakening of the CAD against the following currencies would increase (decrease) pre-tax income 
and other comprehensive income by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in 
particular volumes, relative pricing, interest rates, and hedging activities are unchanged.  

December 31, 2015  
($ millions) 
CAD/USD 
CAD/GBP 
CAD/CLP 
CAD/ARS 

Other 
Comprehensive 
Income 

Income 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

6 
— 
1 
(1) 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

(35) 
(7) 
— 
— 

A 5% strengthening of the CAD against the above currencies relative to the December 31, 2015 month end rates 
would have an equivalent but opposite effect on the above accounts in the amounts shown on the basis that all 
other variables are unchanged. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Interest Rate Risk 

Changes in market interest rates will cause fluctuations in the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments. 

The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates on its interest bearing financial assets including cash and 
cash equivalents and instalment and other notes receivable. The short-term nature of investments included in cash 
and cash equivalents limits the impact to fluctuations in fair value, but interest income earned will be impacted. 
Instalment and other notes receivable bear interest at a fixed rate thus their fair value will fluctuate prior to maturity 
but, absent monetization, future cash flows do not change.  

The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates on its interest bearing financial liabilities, primarily from short-
term and long-term debt. The Company’s debt portfolio comprises both fixed and floating rate debt instruments, with 
terms to maturity ranging up to June 2042. Floating rate debt, due to its short-term nature, exposes the Company to 
limited fluctuations in changes to fair value, but finance expense and cash flows will increase or decrease as interest 
rates change.  

The fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt obligations fluctuate with changes in interest rates, but absent early 
settlement, related cash flows do not change. The Company is exposed to changes in future interest rates upon 
refinancing of any debt prior to or at maturity.  

The Company manages its interest rate risk by balancing its portfolio of fixed and floating rate debt, as well as 
managing the term to maturity of its debt portfolio. At certain times the Company may utilize derivative instruments 
such as interest rate swaps to adjust the balance of fixed and floating rate debt. 

Profile 

At the reporting date the interest rate profile of the Company’s interest-bearing financial instruments are as follows: 

December 31 
($ millions)  
Fixed rate instruments 
Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

Variable rate instruments 
Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

40 
(1,566) 

475 
(135) 

$ 

$ 

50 
(1,421) 

450 
(24) 

Fair Value Sensitivity Analysis for Fixed Rate Instruments 

The Company does not account for any fixed rate financial assets and liabilities at fair value through the income 
statement, and the Company does not currently have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments under a 
fair value hedge accounting model, or any derivative interest rate instruments for which fair value changes are 
recognized in other comprehensive income. Therefore a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not 
affect net income or other comprehensive income. 

Pre-tax Income Sensitivity Analysis for Variable Rate Instruments 

The Company’s variable rate instruments are in a net asset position; therefore, an increase of 1.0% in interest rates 
for a full year relative to the interest rates at the reporting date would have increased income by approximately $3 
million with a 1.0% decrease having the opposite effect. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular 
foreign currency exchange rates, remain constant.  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

(d) Fair Values  

Financial instruments measured at fair value are grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which fair value 
is observable: 

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities 
Level 2 – significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 
Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs 

The Company’s only financial instruments measured at fair value are derivative instruments, short-term investments, 
and contingent consideration. All of the derivative instruments are measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs. 
Contingent consideration is measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The Company did not move any 
instruments between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.  

Derivative Instruments and Short-Term Investments (Level 2) 

The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is determined by discounting contracted future cash flows using 
a discount rate derived from swap curves for comparable assets and liabilities. Contractual cash flows are calculated 
using a forward price at the maturity date derived from observed forward prices.  

The fair values of other derivative instruments and short-term investments are determined using present value 
techniques applied to estimated future cash flows. These techniques utilize a combination of quoted prices and 
market observable inputs. Where appropriate, fair values are adjusted for credit risk based on observed credit 
default spreads or fair market yield curves for counterparties for financial assets and based on the Company’s credit 
risk when for financial liabilities. The Company’s credit risk is derived from yield spreads on the Company’s market 
quoted debt. 

Contingent Consideration (Level 3) 

The fair value of the contingent consideration of $6 million (£3 million) was estimated by discounting cash flows 
based on probability-adjusted profit in SITECH (Note 25).  

Long-Term Debt 

The carrying value and fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated as follows:  

December 31 
($ millions) 
Long-term debt 

2015 

2014 

Carrying Value 
1,548 

$ 

Fair Value 

$ 

1,578 

Carrying Value 
1,418 

  $ 

Fair Value 

$ 

1,512 

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is based on the present value of future cash flows required to settle 
the debt which is derived from the actual interest accrued to date. The present value of future cash flows is 
discounted using the yield to maturity rate as at the measurement date. This technique utilizes a combination of 
quoted prices and market observable inputs (Level 2). 

Accounts Receivable, Instalment Notes Receivables, Short-Term Debt, and Accounts Payable 

The recorded values of accounts receivable, instalment notes receivable, short-term debt, and accounts payable 
approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

8. MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL  

The Company’s objective when managing capital is to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the cost 
of capital at an acceptable risk. The Company includes cash and cash equivalents, short-term debt and long-term 
debt, and shareholders’ equity in the definition of capital.  

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of actual and forecast cash flows, 
actual and anticipated capital expenditures and investments, changes in economic conditions and the risk 
characteristics of its underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may 
purchase shares for cancellation pursuant to normal course issuer bids, issue new shares, issue new debt, repay 
debt, issue new debt to replace existing debt with different characteristics, or adjust the amount of dividends paid to 
shareholders. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company launched a Normal Course Issuer Bid and 
repurchased 4.4 million Finning common shares for cancellation at an average cost of $20.75 per share.  

The Company monitors net debt to invested capital. The Company’s target range at December 31, 2015 is shown 
below. The Company’s strategy is to meet target ranges over a longer-term average basis. Management is currently 
in the process of reviewing its target ranges to ensure they continue to be appropriate and help to support access to 
capital at a reasonable cost.   

As at and for years ended December 31 
Net debt to invested capital 

Company 
Targets 
35 – 45% 

2015 

36.7% 

2014 

31.4% 

Net debt to invested capital is calculated as net debt divided by invested capital. Net debt is calculated as short-term 
and long-term debt, net of cash. Invested capital is net debt plus all components of shareholders’ equity (share 
capital, contributed surplus, accumulated other comprehensive income, and retained earnings). Invested capital is 
also calculated as total assets less total liabilities, excluding net debt.  

December 31 
($ millions) 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term debt 
Long-term debt 
Net debt 
Shareholders’ equity 
Invested capital 

Covenant 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

(475) 
117 
1,548 
1,190 
2,050 
3,240 

$ 

$ 

(450) 
7 
1,418 
975 
2,131 
3,106 

The Company is subject to a maximum net debt to invested capital level of 62.5% pursuant to a covenant within its 
syndicated bank credit facility. As at December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company is in compliance with this 
covenant.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

9. SHARE CAPITAL 

Accounting Policy 

Common shares repurchased by the Company are recognized as a reduction in share capital and contributed 
surplus (and retained earnings once contributed surplus is fully drawn down) on the date of repurchase. A liability is 
recognized for any committed repurchases but not yet settled at a reporting period end with a corresponding 
reduction in contributed surplus (or retained earnings). The cash consideration paid to repurchase shares is 
presented as a financing activity in the Statement of Cash Flows. Details of the transaction (number of shares 
repurchased and amount deducted from equity) are disclosed in the Statement of Shareholder’s Equity. 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of preferred shares without par value, of which 4.4 million 
are designated as cumulative redeemable preferred shares. The Company had no preferred shares outstanding for 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.  

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. All issued shares have no par value 
and are fully paid. 

A shareholders' rights plan is in place which is intended to provide all holders of common shares with the opportunity 
to receive full and fair value for all of their shares in the event a third party attempts to acquire a significant interest in 
the Company. The Company's dealership agreements with subsidiaries of Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar) are 
fundamental to its business and a change in control of Finning, which significantly impacts the Company, may result 
in Caterpillar exercising its right to terminate those dealership agreements. 

The plan provides that one share purchase right has been issued for each common share and will trade with the 
common shares until such time as any person or group, other than a “permitted bidder”, bids to acquire or acquires 
20% or more of the Company's common shares, at which time the plan rights become exercisable. The rights may 
also be triggered by a third party proposal for a merger, amalgamation or a similar transaction. In May 2014, the 
rights plan was extended for three years such that it will automatically terminate at the end of the Company’s Annual 
Meeting of shareholders in 2017 unless further extended by the shareholders prior to that time.  

The plan will not be triggered if a bid meets certain criteria (a permitted bid). These criteria include that: 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  more than 50% of the voting shares have been tendered by independent shareholders pursuant to the bid 

the offer is made for all outstanding voting shares of the Company; 

(voting shares tendered may be withdrawn until taken up and paid for); and 
the bid expires not less than 60 days after the date of the bid circular. 

(cid:120) 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS 

Accounting Policy 

The Company has share option plans and other share-based compensation plans for directors and certain eligible 
employees. Total Shareholder Return Performance Share Units are measured at fair value using the Monte Carlo 
model and all other share-based awards are measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes model. 

For equity settled share-based payments, fair value is determined on the grant date of the share option and 
recorded over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of options that will vest, with a corresponding 
increase to contributed surplus. When share options are exercised, the proceeds received by the Company, 
together with any related amount recorded in contributed surplus, are credited to share capital.  

Cash settled share-based compensation plans are recognized as a liability.  Compensation expense which arises 
from vesting and fluctuations in the fair value of the Company’s cash settled share-based compensation plans is 
recognized in selling, general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of income with the 
corresponding liability recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position in long-term obligations.  

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

The Company uses inputs in the option pricing models to determine the fair value of certain share-based payments. 
Inputs to the model are subject to various estimates relating to volatility, interest rates, dividend yields and expected 
life of the units issued. Fair value inputs are subject to market factors as well as internal estimates. The Company 
considers historic trends together with any new information to determine the best estimate of fair value at the date of 
grant. Separate from the fair value calculation, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate of 
equity-settled share-based payments. The Company has assessed forfeitures to be insignificant based on the 
underlying terms of its payment plans. 

In 2015 and 2014, long-term incentives for executives and senior management were a combination of share options, 
performance share units, and deferred share units. 

Share Options 
The Company has one share option plan for certain employees with vesting occurring over a three-year period. The 
exercise price of each option is based on the weighted average trading price of the common shares of the Company 
on the date prior to the grant. Options granted after January 1, 2004 are exercisable over a seven-year period. 
Options granted prior to January 1, 2004 were exercisable over a ten-year period. Under the 2005 Stock Option 
Plan, the Company may issue up to 7.5 million common shares pursuant to the exercise of share options. At 
December 31, 2015, 1 million common shares remain eligible to be issued in connection with future grants under 
this Stock Option Plan.  

Details of the share option plans are as follows: 

For years ended December 31 
Options outstanding, beginning of year 
Granted 
Exercised (a) 
Forfeited 
Options outstanding, end of year 

Options 
4,225,873 
1,618,180 
(139,880) 
(533,484) 
5,170,689 

2015 
Weighted Average 
Exercise Price  
24.65 
25.33 
15.57 
27.79 
24.78 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

Options 
5,684,770 
1,020,100 
(1,654,280) 
(824,717) 
4,225,873 

Exercisable at end of year 

2,567,826 

$ 

23.78 

2,020,477 

2014 
Weighted Average 
Exercise Price 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

24.93 
29.23 
25.22 
31.09 
24.65 

23.24 

(a)  Share options exercised in 2015 comprised both cash and cashless exercises. Under the 2005 Stock Option 

Plan, exercises generally utilize the cashless method, whereby the actual number of shares issued is 
represented by the premium between the fair value at the time of exercise and the grant value, and the 
equivalent value of the number of options up to the grant value is withheld. 139,880 options were exercised in 
2015 under the 2005 Stock Option Plan resulting in 44,343 common shares issued; 95,537 options were 
withheld and returned to the option pool for future issues/grants.    

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

In 2015, the Company granted 1,618,180 common share options to senior executives and management of the 
Company (2014: 1,020,100 common share options). The Company’s practice is to grant and price share options 
only when it is felt that all material information has been disclosed to the market.  

The fair value of the options granted has been estimated on the date of grant using the following weighted-average 
assumptions: 

Dividend yield 
Expected volatility (1) 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
 (1)  Expected volatility is based on historical share price volatility of Finning shares 

2015 Grant 
2.33% 
29.09% 
1.16% 
5.39 years 

2014 Grant 
2.39% 
33.82% 
1.65% 
5.59 years

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year was $5.42 (2014: $7.58).   

The following table summarizes information about share options outstanding at December 31, 2015: 

Range of 
exercise prices 

$14.64 - $18.59 
$18.60 - $25.52 
$25.53 - $29.06 
$29.07 - $30.72 
$30.73 - $32.38 

Options Outstanding 
Weighted 
Average 
Remaining Life 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 
16.35 
1.00 years  $ 
24.27 
5.13 years $ 
27.48 
3.24 years  $ 
29.17 
5.39 years  $ 
5.55 years  $ 
31.09 
4.63 years $       24.78 

Number 
outstanding 
445,697 
3,299,466 
518,009 
876,987 
30,530 
5,170,689 

Options Exercisable 

Number 
Outstanding 
445,697 
1,358,510 
459,676 
293,767 
10,176 
2,567,826 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 
16.35 
 $ 
23.68 
$ 
27.67 
 $ 
29.17 
 $ 
 $ 
31.09 
$      23.78 

Other Share-Based Payment Plans 

The Company has other share-based payment plans in the form of deferred share units and performance share 
units that use notional common share units.  

Details of the plans are as follows:  

Directors 

Directors’ Deferred Share Unit Plan A (DDSU) 

The Company offers a Directors’ Deferred Share Unit Plan (DDSU) for members of the Board of Directors. Under 
the DDSU Plan, non-employee Directors of the Company may also elect to allocate all or a portion of their annual 
compensation as deferred share units. These units are fully vested upon issuance. These units accumulate dividend 
equivalents in the form of additional units based on the dividends paid on the Company’s common shares.  

Units are redeemable for cash or shares only following cessation of service on the Board of Directors and must be 
redeemed by December 31st of the year following the year in which the cessation occurred. The value of the 
deferred share units when converted to cash will be equivalent to the market value of the Company’s common 
shares at the time the conversion takes place. 

Non-employee Directors of the Company were granted a total of 36,451 share units in 2015 (2014: 32,709 share 
units), and expensed over the calendar year as the units were issued. An additional 28,133 (2014: 12,124) DDSUs 
were issued in lieu of cash compensation payable for service as a Director. A further 9,310 (2014: 6,952) DDSUs 
were granted to Directors during 2015 as payment for notional dividends.   

31 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Executive 

Deferred Share Unit Plan B (DSU-B) 

Under the DSU-B Plan, executives of the Company may be awarded deferred share units as approved by the Board 
of Directors. This plan utilizes notional units that may become vested in accordance with terms set at the time of 
grant. Vested deferred share units are redeemable for a period of 30 days after cessation of employment, or by 
December 31st of the year following the year of retirement, death, or disability. The notional deferred share units that 
have not vested within five years from the date that they were granted expire. Only vested units accumulate dividend 
equivalents in the form of additional units based on the dividends paid on the Company’s common shares.  

During 2015, 8,544 (2014: 5,825) DSU-Bs were granted to Executives as payment for notional dividends. 

Performance Share Unit Plan (PSU) 

Under the 2015 and 2014 PSU Plan, executives of the Company were awarded performance share units as 
approved by the Board of Directors. This plan utilizes notional units that become vested dependent on achieving 
future specified performance levels. All PSUs granted in 2014 and 2015 were divided equally into two categories. 
Half of the awards are based on the extent to which the Company’s average return on invested capital achieves or 
exceeds the specified performance levels over a three-year period (ROIC PSUs). The remaining half of the awards 
is based on the performance of the Company’s share price over the three-year period relative to the performance of 
the share prices of all companies in the S&P/TSX Capped Industrials Index (TSR PSUs).  Under the PSU Plan prior 
to 2014, awards vested based on the extent to which the Company’s average return on equity achieved or exceeded 
the specified performance levels over a three-year period.  

Vested performance share units are redeemable in cash based on the common share price at the end of the 
performance period. Executives of the Company were granted a total of 451,450 performance share units in 2015, 
based on 100% vesting (2014: 341,610 performance share units).  

Compensation expense for the PSU Plan is recorded over the three-year performance period. The amount of 
compensation expense is adjusted over the three-year performance period to reflect the fair value of the PSU units 
and the number of PSU units anticipated to vest. 

The specified levels and respective vesting percentages for the 2015 and 2014 grant are as follows:  

TSR PSUs 

Percentile Rank 
TSR PSUs Vested 

< 25th Percentile 
0% 

25th Percentile 
50% 

50th Percentile 
100% 

75th Percentile  100th Percentile

150% 

200% 

ROIC PSUs 

The specified levels and respective vesting percentages for the 2015 grant are as follows:  

Performance Level 

Below Threshold 
Threshold 
Target 
Maximum 

Average Return on Invested Capital 
(over three-year period) 
< 15.5% 
15.5% 
16.5% 
18.5% or more 

Proportion of PSUs Vesting 
Nil 
50% 
100% 
200% 

The specified levels and respective vesting percentages for the 2014 grant are as follows:  

Performance Level 

Below Threshold 
Threshold 
Target 
Maximum 

Average Return on Invested Capital 
(over three-year period) 
< 17% 
17% 
18.5% 
21.5% or more 

Proportion of PSUs Vesting 
Nil 
50% 
100% 
200% 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

Details of the deferred share unit and performance share unit plans are as follows:  

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For year ended December 31, 2015 
Units 
Outstanding, beginning of year 
Additions (decreases) (1) 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, end of year 

Vested, beginning of year 
Vested  
Exercised 
Vested, end of year 

Liability  
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year 
Recovery  
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Balance, end of year 

For year ended December 31, 2014 
Units 
Outstanding, beginning of year 
Additions (decreases) (1) 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, end of year 

Vested, beginning of year 
Vested  
Exercised 
Vested, end of year 

DSU-B 

DDSU 

273,587 
8,544 
(9,389) 
— 
272,742 

251,746 
21,853 
(9,389) 
264,210 

313,324 
73,885 
(110,066) 
— 
277,143 

313,324 
73,885 
(110,066) 
277,143 

$ 

$ 

6 
(1) 
— 
— 
5 

$ 

$ 

7 
— 
(3) 
— 
4 

$ 

$ 

PSU 
521,566 
(351,668) 
— 
(6,454) 
163,444 

— 
— 
— 
— 

7 
(5) 
— 
— 
2 

$ 

$ 

DSU-B 

DDSU 

PSU 

267,762 
5,825 
— 
— 
273,587 

241,655 
10,091 
— 
251,746 

316,939 
51,785 
(55,400) 
— 
313,324 

316,939 
51,785 
(55,400) 
313,324 

1,007,672 
(136,595) 
(340,893) 
(8,618) 
521,566 

— 
340,893 
(340,893) 
— 

Total 
1,108,477 
(269,239) 
(119,455) 
(6,454) 
713,329 

565,070 
95,738 
(119,455) 
541,353 

20 
(6) 
(3) 
— 
11 

Total 
1,592,373 
(78,985) 
(396,293) 
(8,618) 
1,108,477 

558,594 
402,769 
(396,293) 
565,070 

Liability  
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year 
Expense  
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Balance, end of year 
(1) The unit adjustment for PSUs (based on the performance level) is a decrease of 483,825 units for the year ended December 
31, 2015 (2014: 338,497 units). 

12 
4 
(9) 
— 
7 

8 
1 
(2) 
— 
7 

6 
— 
— 
— 
6 

26 
5 
(11) 
— 
20 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (CONTINUED 

) 

The fair value of the DSU-B, DDSU, and PSU units outstanding has been estimated using the following weighted-
average assumptions: 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

December 31, 2015 
Dividend yield 
Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
Share price at December 31, 2015 
Estimated fair value per unit at year-end 

December 31, 2014 
Dividend yield 
Expected volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life 
Share price at December 31, 2014 
Estimated fair value per unit at year-end 

DSU-B 
2.43% 
29.65% 
0.87% 
5.92 years 

DDSU 
2.43% 
29.57% 
0.88% 
6.04 years 

PSU 
2.69% 
27.98% 
0.49% 
3.00 years 

$ 
$ 

18.68 
16.18 

$ 
$ 

18.68 
16.13 

$ 
$ 

18.68 
22.91 

DSU-B 
2.35% 
34.59% 
1.47% 
6.77 years 

DDSU 
2.26% 
28.64% 
1.34% 
4.87 years 

PSU 
2.34% 
26.54% 
1.07% 
3.00 years 

$ 
$ 

25.23 
21.52 

$ 
$ 

25.23 
22.60 

$ 
$ 

25.23 
23.52 

The impact of the share-based payment plans on the Company’s financial statements is as follows: 

For years ended December 31  
($ millions) 
Consolidated statement of income  
Compensation expense arising from equity-settled share option incentive plan 
Compensation (recovery) expense arising from cash-settled share based 

payments 

Impact of variable rate share forward contract 

Consolidated statement of financial position  
Current liability for cash-settled share-based payments  
Non-current liability for cash-settled share-based payments (to be incurred 

within 1-5 years) (Note 22) 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

7 

$ 

(6) 
— 
1 

— 

11 

$ 

$ 

9 

5 
(4) 
10 

5 

15 

The total intrinsic value of vested but not settled share-based payments was $10 million (2014: $14 million). 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

11. INVENTORIES 

Accounting Policy 

Inventories are assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the process of production for sale, or in the 
form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services. Inventories 
are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on a specific item basis for on-hand 
equipment, and on a weighted average cost basis for parts and supplies. The cost of inventories includes all costs of 
purchase, conversion costs, and other costs incurred in bringing inventories to their existing location and condition. 
In the case of internal service work in progress on equipment, cost includes an appropriate share of overhead costs 
based on normal operating capacity. 

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

The Company makes estimates of the provision required to reflect slow-moving and obsolescence of inventory. 
These estimates are determined on the basis of age, redundancy, and stock levels. For equipment inventory, 
estimates are determined on a specific item basis. 

December 31 
($ millions)  
On-hand equipment 
Parts and supplies 
Internal service work in progress 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

930 
660 
210 
1,800 

$ 

$ 

782 
674 
205 
1,661 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, on-hand equipment, parts, supplies, and internal service work in progress 
recognized as an expense in cost of sales amounted to $4,027 million (2014: $4,489 million). For the year ended 
December 31, 2015, the write-down of inventories to net realizable value, included in cost of sales, amounted to $84 
million (2014: $52 million). 

12. POWER SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS 

Accounting Policy 

Revenue from sales of equipment includes construction contracts with customers that involve the design, 
installation, and assembly of power and energy equipment systems. Revenue is recognized on a percentage of 
completion basis proportionate to the work that has been completed which is based on associated costs incurred, 
except where this would not be representative of the stage of completion (when revenue is recognized in 
accordance with the specific acts outlined in the contract). If it is expected that the overall contract will incur a loss, 
this loss is recognized immediately in the income statement.  

Periodically, amounts are received from customers under long-term contracts in advance of the associated contract 
work being performed. These amounts are recorded on the consolidated statement of financial position as deferred 
revenue. 

Information about the Company’s long-term power system construction contracts is summarized below: 

 December 31 
 ($ millions) 
Aggregate of contract costs for contracts in progress 
Aggregate of profits for contracts in progress 
Advances from customers under construction contracts 
Amounts due from customers under construction contracts 
Amounts due to customers under construction contracts 
Retentions held by customers for contract work 

2015 

2014 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

369 
31 
(2) 
38 
(3) 
2 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

222 
29 
(14) 
42 
(6) 
2 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the amount of contract revenue recognized in the year was $154 million 
(2014: $156 million).   

35 

 
 
 
 
   
 
              
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

13. INCOME TAXES 

Accounting Policy 

The balance sheet liability method of tax allocation is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, the 
carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits and the temporary differences arising from the difference 
between the tax basis of an asset and a liability and its carrying amount on the statement of financial position are 
used to calculate deferred tax assets or liabilities. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary 
differences and deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be 
available against which the carry forward of unused tax losses, unused tax credits, and the deductible temporary 
differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference 
arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of 
other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither taxable profit nor the accounting profit. Deferred tax 
liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and 
associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the 
temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  
Deferred tax assets or liabilities are calculated using tax rates anticipated to be in effect in the periods that the asset 
is expected to be realized or the liability is expected to be settled based on the laws that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the reporting date. The effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred tax assets and 
liabilities is recognized in income and/or equity in the period that the change becomes enacted or substantively 
enacted. 

The charge for current tax is based on the results for the year as adjusted for items which are non-assessable or 
disallowed using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the 
Company intends to settle its tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

Current and deferred tax are recognized in net income, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial 
accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination. The 
Company records the deferred tax impact of foreign exchange gains or losses arising on the translation of foreign 
denominated non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities in provision for income tax in the consolidated 
statement of income.  

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

Estimations of the tax asset or liability require assessments to be made based on the potential tax treatment of 
certain items that will only be resolved once finally agreed with the relevant tax authorities. 

Assumptions underlying the composition of deferred tax assets and liabilities include estimates of future results of 
operations and the timing of reversal of temporary differences as well as the substantively enacted tax rates and 
laws in each respective jurisdiction at the time of the expected reversal. The composition of deferred tax assets and 
liabilities change from period to period due to the uncertainties surrounding these assumptions and changes in tax 
rates or regimes could have a material adverse effect on expected results. 

Areas of Significant Judgment  

Judgment is required as income tax laws and regulations can be complex and are potentially subject to different 
interpretation between the Company and the respective tax authority. Due to the number of variables associated 
with the differing tax laws and regulations across the multiple jurisdictions the Company operates in, the precision 
and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainties and may change as additional information 
becomes known. Net income in subsequent periods may be impacted by the amount that estimates differ from the 
final tax return. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

13. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED 

) 

Provision for Income Taxes  

The components of the Company’s income tax provision are as follows: 

For year ended December 31, 2015  
($ millions) 
Current  
Adjustment for prior periods recognized in the current year 
Total current tax 
Deferred  

Origination and reversal of timing differences 
Increase due to tax rate changes 
Adjustment for prior periods recognized in the current year  

Total deferred tax 
Recovery of income taxes 

For year ended December 31, 2014  
($ millions) 
Current  
Adjustment for prior periods recognized in the current year 
Total current tax 
Deferred  

Origination and reversal of timing differences 
Increase due to tax rate changes 
Adjustment for prior periods recognized in the current year  

Total deferred tax 
Provision for income taxes 

Canada 

(3) 
3 
— 

(6) 
2 
(3) 
(7) 
(7) 

Canada 

27 
(5) 
22 

23 
— 
5 
28 
50 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

International 
45 
$ 
(1) 
44 

(56) 
(12) 
2 
(66) 
(22) 

$ 

$ 

International 
34 
(2) 
32 

11 
7 
1 
19 
51 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total 

42 
2 
44 

(62) 
(10) 
(1) 
(73) 
(29) 

Total 

61 
(7) 
54 

34 
7 
6 
47 
101 

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount that would have resulted from applying the Canadian 
statutory income tax rates to income before income taxes as follows:  

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Combined Canadian federal and provincial income taxes at 

the statutory tax rate 

Increase (decrease) resulting from: 

Lower statutory rates on the earnings of foreign 

subsidiaries 

Income not subject to tax 
Changes in statutory tax rates 
Non-deductible goodwill impairment loss 
Non-deductible share-based payment expense 
Non-taxable capital gain 
Recognition of capital tax losses 
Unrecognized intercompany profits 
Non-taxable/non-deductible foreign exchange in Argentina 
Inflationary adjustment 
Other  

(Recovery) provision for income taxes 

$ 

37 

2015 

2014 

$ 

(50)

26.1% 

$ 

106

25.3% 

(3)
(3)
(10)
16
2
—
(12)
1
25
—
5
(29)

1.4% 
1.9% 
5.5% 
(8.1)% 
(1.1)% 
— 
6.4% 
(0.3)% 
(13.2)% 
— 
(2.9)% 
15.7% 

$ 

(13)
(8)
7
—
2
(1)
—
3
15
(9)
(1)
101

(3.0)% 
(1.8)% 
1.7% 
— 
0.4% 
(0.2)% 
— 
0.6% 
3.5% 
(2.2)% 
(0.2)% 
24.1% 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

13. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED 

) 

In addition to the increased combined statutory Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate referred to above, 
the Company recognized the impact of the following substantively enacted corporate income tax rate changes: 

(cid:120) 

(cid:120) 

In July 2015, the Alberta provincial government increased the provincial corporate income tax rate from 10% to 
12% effective July 1, 2015 
In November, 2015, UK government reduced its corporate tax rate from 20% to 19% effective April 1, 2017 and 
18% effective April 1, 2020 

Deferred Tax Asset and Liability   

Temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:  

December 31 
($ millions) 
Deferred tax assets: 
Accounting provisions not currently deductible for tax purposes 
Employee benefits 
Share-based payments 
Loss carry-forwards 

Deferred tax liabilities: 
Property, plant and equipment, rental, leased, and other intangible assets 
Distribution network 
Other 

Net deferred tax asset (liability) 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

56 
17 
1 
6 
80 

(45) 
(9) 
(5) 
(59) 
21 

$ 

$ 

41 
32 
3 
3 
79 

(45) 
(61) 
(4) 
(110) 
(31) 

Deferred taxes are not recognized on retained profits of approximately $1.6 billion (2014: $1.5 billion) of foreign 
subsidiaries, as it is the Company’s intention to invest these profits to maintain and expand the business of the 
relevant companies.   

The Company has recognized the benefit of the following tax loss carry-forwards available to reduce future taxable 
income of which $17 million do not expire and $5 million expire in 2018.   

December 31  
($ millions) 
International 

2015 

2014 

$ 

22 

$ 

11 

As at December 31, 2015, the Company has unrecognized net operating losses and capital loss carry-forwards of 
$6 million and $74 million, respectively, to reduce future taxable income. These amounts do not expire.  

The tax expense (recovery) relating to components of other comprehensive income is as follows: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Current tax 
Deferred tax 
Tax expense (recovery) recognized in other comprehensive income 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

10 
16 
26 

$ 

$ 

— 
(6) 
(6) 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. OTHER ASSETS 

December 31 
($ millions) 
Supplier claims receivable 
Equipment deposits 
Prepaid expenses 
Current portion of finance assets  
Short-term investments 
Value Added Tax receivable 
Income tax recoverable 
Derivative assets  
Indemnification asset (a) 
Other 
Total other assets - current 

December 31 
($ millions) 
Deferred tax assets (Note 13) 
Indemnification asset (a) 
Prepaid expenses 
Finance assets (b) 
Other 
Total other assets – non-current 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2015 

2014 

76 
28 
48 
35 
23 
11 
1 
7 
6 
14 
249 

$ 

$ 

114 
45 
43 
44 
— 
14 
13 
— 
6 
9 
288 

2015 

2014 

58 
34 
29 
20 
7 
148 

$ 

43 
38 
22 
16 
5 
124 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(a)  In 2012, the Company acquired from Caterpillar the distribution and support business formerly operated by 

Bucyrus International Inc. (Bucyrus) in the Company’s dealership territories in South America, Canada and in 
the U.K. As part of the acquisition, the Company assumed non-financial liabilities which were not previously 
recognized by Bucyrus relating to long-term contracts, commitments related to prime product sales, and 
employee related liabilities. Caterpillar agreed to indemnify the Company for any below market returns on 
certain long term contracts (covering various periods up to 2023), to an amount equal to the liabilities assumed. 
The liabilities were measured at fair value by using management’s best estimate, at the acquisition date, of the 
difference between market-rate returns and the contracted returns expected under the long-term contracts. The 
related indemnification asset was measured on the same basis as the liability up to an amount collectible from 
Caterpillar.  

(b)  Finance assets include equipment leased to customers under long-term financing leases. Depreciation expense 
for equipment leased to customers of $10 million was recorded in 2015 (2014: $15 million) and is recognized in 
equal monthly amounts over the terms of the individual leases.  

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

15. JOINT VENTURE AND ASSOCIATE                               

Accounting Policy 

A joint venture is a contractual arrangement whereby the Company and other parties undertake an economic 
activity that is subject to joint control (i.e. when the strategic, financial and operating policy decisions relating to the 
activities of the joint venture require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control).  An associate is an entity 
over which the Company has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture.  
Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is 
not control or joint control over those policies. 

The Company has a 25% interest in PipeLine Machinery International (PLM), a joint venture, and a 28.8% interest 
in an associate, Energyst B.V. (Energyst). The Company accounts for its joint venture and associate in which the 
Company has an interest using the equity method. The joint venture and associate follow accounting policies that 
are materially consistent with the Company’s accounting policies. Where the Company transacts with its joint 
venture or associate, unrealized profits or losses are eliminated to the extent of the Company’s interest in the joint 
venture or associate. 

Nature of Relationship 

PLM is a strategic partnership that sells and rents both purpose-built pipeline and traditional Caterpillar products to 
mainline pipeline construction customers worldwide. 

Energyst is a pan-European company formed by Caterpillar and ten of its dealers to be the exclusive Caterpillar 
dealer in Europe for innovative and responsive rental power and temperature control solutions. Energyst provides 
coverage worldwide by collaborating with local Caterpillar dealers.  

The Company’s proportion of ownership interest in its joint venture and associate is as follows: 

December 31 
Name of Venture 
PLM 
Energyst  

Type of Venture 

Jointly Controlled Entity 
Associate 

Principal place of 
business/country of 
incorporation 
United States 
Netherlands 

Proportion of Ownership 
Interest Held 

2015 

25.0% 
28.8% 

2014 

25.0% 
28.8% 

Information about the Company’s joint venture and associate that are not considered individually material to the 
Company: 

For year ended December 31, 2015  
($ millions) 
Company’s share of profit  
Carrying amount of the Company’s interests in joint 

venture and associate  

For year ended December 31, 2014  
($ millions) 
Company’s share of profit  
Carrying amount of the Company’s interests in joint 

venture and associate  

Energyst 

PLM 

Total 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1 

40 

Energyst 

4 

37 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4 

63 

8 

52 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

5 

103 

Total 

12 

89 

PLM 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND RENTAL EQUIPMENT 

Accounting Policy 

Property, plant, and equipment and rental equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any 
impairment losses. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recorded in selling, general, and administrative 
expenses for all assets except standby equipment, which is recorded in cost of sales, in the consolidated statement 
of income. Depreciation of rental equipment is recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income. 

Depreciation commences when the asset becomes available for use, and ceases when the asset is derecognized or 
classified as held for sale.  Rental equipment that becomes available for sale after being removed from rental fleets 
is transferred to inventory. Where significant components of an asset have different useful lives, depreciation is 
calculated on each separate part. 

All classes of property, plant, and equipment and rental equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful lives 
to their estimated residual value on a straight-line basis using the following: 

Buildings 
Equipment and vehicles 
Rental equipment 

10 - 50 years 
3 - 10 years 
2 - 5 years 

Property, plant, and equipment and rental equipment held under finance lease are depreciated over the lesser of its 
useful life or the term of the relevant lease.  

Property, plant, and equipment and rental equipment are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the 
amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the 
higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value-in-use. Where an impairment loss is recognized for 
an item of property, plant, and equipment and rental equipment, the asset is reviewed for possible reversal of the 
impairment at the end of each subsequent reporting period. 

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

Depreciation expense is sensitive to the estimated useful life determined for each type of asset. Actual lives and 
residual values may vary depending on a number of factors including technological innovation, product life cycles 
and physical condition of the asset, prospective use, and maintenance programs.  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND RENTAL EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED 

) 

December 31, 2015  
($ millions) 
Cost 
Balance, beginning of year 
Additions 
Additions through business 
combinations (Note 25) 
Transfers from inventory  
Disposals 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2015  
($ millions) 
Accumulated depreciation and 

impairment losses 

Balance, beginning of year 
Depreciation for the year 
Disposals 
Impairment loss  
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

 ($ millions) 
Net book value 
January 1, 2015 
December 31, 2015 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

73 
10 

— 
— 
(3) 
9 
89 

$ 

$ 

$ 

676 
27 

$ 

325 
19 

$ 

1,074 
56 

— 
— 
(12) 
45 
736 

$ 

10 
— 
(38) 
30 
346 

$ 

10 
— 
(53) 
84 
1,171 

$ 

660 
207 

77 
63 
(305) 
48 
750 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
(5) 
— 
(5)  $ 

(185)  $ 

(214)  $ 

(399)  $ 

(28) 
6 
(21) 
(14) 

(35) 
23 
— 
(21) 

(63) 
29 
(26) 
(35) 

(242)  $ 

(247)  $ 

(494)  $ 

(281) 
(117) 
112 
— 
(23) 
(309) 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

73 
84 

$ 
$ 

491 
494 

$ 
$ 

111 
99 

$ 
$ 

675 
677 

$ 
$ 

379 
441 

Impairment losses 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company exited certain owned and finance-leased properties and 
made the decision to prepare certain properties for sale. These decisions prompted management to review these 
assets for impairment.  
In total, the Company recognized $26 million of impairment losses, of which $24 million was recognized in other 
expenses and $2 million recognized in selling, general, administrative expenses. An impairment loss of $21 million 
related to the Company’s Canadian reporting segment, for a property under a finance lease and one owned 
property. The remaining impairment losses of $3 million and $2 million relate to owned properties in the Company’s 
South American and UK and Ireland reporting segments, respectively.  In Canada, the property under a finance 
lease was written down to its recoverable value, based on a value-in-use calculation utilizing sublease payments 
secured for the remaining term of the lease contract. For owned properties, asset values were written down to its 
recoverable value based on an independent valuation assessment. These valuations utilize unobservable inputs and 
are classified as a level 3 fair value.  

Finance leases 
Land, buildings, and equipment under finance leases of $5 million (2014: $11 million), which are net of accumulated 
depreciation of $1 million (2014: $4 million), are included above, of which $2 million (2014: $2 million) was acquired 
during the year.  
Rental equipment under finance leases of $23 million (2014: $1 million), which are net of accumulated depreciation 
of $18 million (2014: $10 million), are included above.  

Assets under construction 
There were no property, plant and equipment assets under construction (2014: $9 million). No depreciation was 
recognized on these assets under construction in 2014.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

16. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND RENTAL EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED 

) 

December 31, 2014  
($ millions) 
Cost 
Balance, beginning of year 
Additions 
Additions through business 
combinations (Note 25) 

Transfers from inventory / rental 

equipment 

Disposals 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2014  
($ millions) 
Accumulated depreciation 
Balance, beginning of year 
Depreciation for the year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

 ($ millions) 
Net book value 
January 1, 2014 
December 31, 2014 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

68 
2 

— 

— 
— 
3 
73 

$ 

$ 

636 
33 

— 

— 
(7) 
14 
676 

$ 

$ 

325 
28 

— 

6 
(49) 
15 
325 

$ 

$ 

1,029 
63 

— 

6 
(56) 
32 
1,074 

$ 

$ 

694 
243 

3 

21 
(318) 
17 
660 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 

(160)  $ 

(25) 
3 
(3) 
(185)  $ 

(201)  $ 

(34) 
30 
(9) 
(214)  $ 

(361)  $ 

(59) 
33 
(12) 

(399)  $ 

(280) 
(112) 
118 
(7) 
(281) 

Land 

Buildings 

Vehicles and 
Equipment 

Total 

Rental 
Equipment 

68 
73 

$ 
$ 

476 
491 

$ 
$ 

124 
111 

$ 
$ 

668 
675 

$ 
$ 

414 
379 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

17. DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 

Accounting Policy 

Distribution network is recorded at the acquisition date fair value, net of any impairment losses. Distribution network 
is an intangible asset with an indefinite life and therefore not amortized. The distribution network is estimated to 
have an indefinite life because it is expected to generate cash flows indefinitely.  Refer to Note 20 for the Company’s 
policy on impairment reviews.  

December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year  
Acquired (a) 
Impairment loss (Note 20) 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

Canada 

South 
America 

$ 

$ 

94  $ 

4 
— 
— 
98  $ 

UK & Ireland  Consolidated 
341 
3  $ 
4 
— 
(288)
— 
— 
44 
101 
3  $ 

244  $ 

— 
(288)
44 
—  $ 

(a)  The Company acquired, from Caterpillar, the distribution rights for the shovels and drills business in Finning’s 

dealership territory in Saskatchewan. 

December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year  
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

18. GOODWILL 

Accounting Policy 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & Ireland 

$ 

$ 

94  $ 
— 
94  $ 

223  $ 

21 

244  $ 

Consolidated 
320 
21 
341 

3  $ 
— 
3  $ 

Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition-date fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of 
the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. Refer to Note 20 for the 
Company’s policy on impairment reviews. 

December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year  
Acquired (Note 25) 
Adjustment (Note 2d) 
Impairment loss (Note 20) 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year  
Acquired (Note 25) 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Canada 

South 
America 

51  $ 
25 
9 
— 
— 
85  $ 

UK & Ireland  Consolidated 
132 
25 
9 
(50)
13 
129 

46  $ 
— 
— 
(14) 
7 

39  $ 

35  $ 
— 
— 
(36)
6 
5  $ 

Canada 

South 
America 

UK & Ireland 

Consolidated 
114 
14 
4 
132 

31  $ 
14 
1 

46  $ 

51  $ 
— 
— 
51  $ 

32  $ 
— 
3 

35  $ 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

19. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Accounting Policy 

Intangible assets are recorded at cost, net of any accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Intangible 
assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods during which they are expected to 
generate benefits. Amortization is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated 
statement of income using the following estimated useful lives: 

Software and Technology 
Contracts and Customer relationships 

2 – 5  years  
2 – 10 years 

December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Cost 
Balance, beginning of year 
Additions  
Additions through business combinations (Note 25) 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Accumulated depreciation 
Balance, beginning of year 
Depreciation for the year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

($ millions) 
Net book value 
January 1, 2015 
December 31, 2015 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships  

Software 
and 
Technology 

Total 

$ 

$ 

95 
5 
9 
— 
15 
124 

$ 

$ 

72 
15 
1 
(1) 
3 
90 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships 

Software 
and 
Technology 

$ 

$ 

(61) 
(27) 
— 
(11) 
(99) 

$ 

$ 

(50) 
(14) 
— 
(2) 
(66) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

167 
20 
10 
(1) 
18 
214 

Total 

(111) 
(41) 
— 
(13) 
(165) 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships 

Software 
and 
Technology 

Total 

$ 
$ 

34 
25 

$ 
$ 

22 
24 

$ 
$ 

56 
49 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED 

) 

December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 
Cost 
Balance, beginning of year 
Additions 
Additions through business combinations (Note 25) 
Disposals 
Derecognized (Note 5d) 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 
Accumulated depreciation 
Balance, beginning of year 
Depreciation for the year 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 

($ millions) 
Net book value 
January 1, 2014 
December 31, 2014 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships 

Software 

Total 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

77 
10 
2 
— 
— 
6 
95 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships 

(40) 
(18) 
(3) 
(61) 

Contracts and 
Customer 
relationships 

37 
34 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

76 
7 
— 
(1) 
(12) 
2 
72 

$ 

$ 

153 
17 
2 
(1) 
(12) 
8 
167 

Software 

Total 

(37) 
(12) 
(1) 
(50) 

$ 

$ 

(77) 
(30) 
(4) 
(111) 

Software 

Total 

39 
22 

$ 
$ 

76 
56 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

20. ASSET IMPAIRMENT 

Accounting Policy 

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are subject to an assessment for impairment at least annually 
and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their value may not be fully recoverable, in which case 
the assessment is done at that time. Assets which do not have separate identifiable cash flows are allocated to cash 
generating units (CGUs). CGUs are subject to assessment for impairment whenever there is an indication they may 
be impaired.  For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Company’s CGUs or group 
of CGUs expected to benefit from the acquisition. The level at which goodwill is allocated represents the lowest level 
at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes and is not higher than an operating segment. If the 
recoverable amount of the CGU is less than the carrying amount, then the impairment loss is allocated first to 
reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on 
the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit, unless the impairment loss would reduce the carrying 
amount of an individual asset below the highest of its fair value less costs of disposal; its value-in-use; or, zero.  Any 
impairment is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of net (loss) income.  

Areas of Significant Judgment  

Judgment is used in identifying an appropriate discount rate and growth rate for these calculations, identifying the 
CGUs to which the intangible assets should be allocated to, and the CGU or group of CGUs at which goodwill is 
monitored for internal management purposes. 

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

The impairment calculations require the use of estimates related to the future operating results and cash generating 
ability of the assets. 

Recoverable value 

The recoverable amount of all CGUs and groups of CGUs are determined based on a value-in-use calculation. The 
value-in-use calculation uses cash flow projections based on financial budgets which employ the following key 
assumptions: future cash flows and growth projections, associated economic risk assumptions, and estimates of 
achieving key operating metrics and drivers.  

The cash flow projection key assumptions are based upon the Company’s financial budgets, which span a three-
year period and are discounted using post-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) rates. For 2015 annual 
impairment testing valuation purposes, the cash flows subsequent to the three-year projection period are 
extrapolated using growth rates based on estimated long-term real gross domestic product and inflation (where 
appropriate) in the markets in which the Company operates.  

Carrying amount and CGU allocation 

Goodwill and distribution network was allocated to the following CGUs or groups of CGUs for impairment testing 
purposes: 

($ millions) 
Goodwill (1) 

Canada 
85 

$ 

Argentina 
30 
$ 

Chile 

UK & 
Ireland 

UK & 
Ireland 
Damar 

$ 

5 

$ 

31 

$ 

14 

UK & Ireland 
Power 
Systems 
8 

$ 

Bolivia 

$ 

6 

 ($ millions) 
Distribution network (1) 
(1) Goodwill and distribution network translated at the December 2015 monthly average foreign exchange rates of USD/CAD 
1.3705 and GBP/CAD 2.0534 

286 

Argentina 
2 
$ 

98 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Canada 
Mining 

Chile 
Mining 

UK & Ireland 
Equipment 
Solutions 
3 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. ASSET IMPAIRMENT (CONTINUED 

) 

Key assumptions 

The significant assumptions used in the Company’s value-in-use calculations for each CGU or group of CGUs are 
as follows: 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For years ended December 31 
Canada 
Canada Mining 
Argentina 
Chile 
Chile Mining 
UK & Ireland 
UK & Ireland Damar 
UK & Ireland Power Systems 
UK & Ireland Equipment Solutions 
Bolivia 

Impairment losses 

2015 

Post-tax 

WACC rate  Growth rate 
1.9%
1.9%
3.5%
2.4%
2.0%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
3.5%

8.7%
8.8%
14.7%
10.2%
10.5%
9.6%
10.7%
9.7%
9.6%
13.0%

2014 

Post-tax 
WACC rate 
9.9%
9.9%
15.5%
8.8%
8.8%
8.5%
— 
8.5%
8.5%
11.5%

Growth rate 
2.1%
2.1%
2.0%
3.7%
3.7%
2.4%
—
2.4%
2.4%
5.0%

Due to a difficult macro economic environment and prolonged weak market conditions in the current and 
foreseeable future, including lower copper prices and the ongoing economic uncertainty, management anticipates a 
weaker mining sector in South America as well as lower activity in UK & Ireland. Although lower commodity prices 
were also anticipated in the prior year assumptions, management estimates that commodity prices will remain low 
for a longer period of time and that impact has been included in its financial budgets. Growth in Chile is expected to 
recover but is still below historically low levels. These are some of the key factors resulting in the carrying values of 
the Chile Mining, Argentina, UK & Ireland Damar, and Bolivia CGUs exceeding their recoverable amounts. The 
recoverable values in the annual impairment tests supported each of the remaining CGU carrying amounts.  

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized impairment losses of $324 million in the South 
America reporting segment comprising: 

(cid:120)  $286 million distribution network in Chile Mining CGU 
(cid:120)  $2 million distribution network in the Argentina CGU 
(cid:120)  $30 million goodwill in the Argentina CGU 
(cid:120)  $6 million goodwill in the Bolivia CGU 

The recoverable value of the Company’s Chile Mining CGU and Argentina CGU is estimated to be $623 million and 
$218 million, respectively. The Company also recognized a goodwill impairment loss of $14 million in the UK & 
Ireland reporting segment.  

Sensitivities to key assumptions 

Sensitivity testing was conducted as part of the 2015 annual impairment test, including stress testing the WACC rate 
with all other assumptions being held constant. Except for the impairment losses identified, management believes 
that any reasonable change in the key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount would not cause the 
carrying amount of any other cash generating unit or group of cash generating units to exceed its recoverable 
amount. Management believes its assumptions are reasonable. If future events were to adversely differ from 
management’s best estimate, key assumptions and associated cash flows could be materially adversely affected 
and the Company could potentially experience future material impairment charges in respect of the intangibles with 
indefinite lives and goodwill. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

21. PROVISIONS 

Accounting Policy 

Provisions are made for estimated warranty claims in respect of certain equipment, spare parts, and service 
supplied to customers which are still under warranty at the end of the reporting period. These claims are expected to 
be settled in the next financial year.  

Also, provisions are recognized if it is expected that a long-term service or construction contract will incur a loss. The 
expected loss is recognized as a provision with a corresponding expense in the income statement.  

Areas of Estimation Uncertainty 

Management estimates the warranty provision based on claims notified and past experience. Factors that could 
impact the estimated claim include the quality of the equipment and spare parts and labour costs. 

For year ended December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year 
New provisions 
Charges against provisions 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 
Current portion 
Non-current portion 

For year ended December 31, 2014 
($ millions) 
Balance, beginning of year 
New provisions 
Charges against provisions 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 
Current portion 
Non-current portion 

22. OTHER LIABILITIES 

December 31  
($ millions) 
Income tax payable 
Derivative liabilities  
Total other liabilities - current 

December 31  
($ millions) 
Deferred revenue 
Deferred tax liabilities (Note 13) 
Liability for long-term contracts (Note 14a) 
Finance leasing obligations (a) (Note 28) 
Onerous contracts  
Share-based payments (Note 10) 
Other 
Total other liabilities – non-current 

Warranty 
Claims 

Other 

Total 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

48 
66 
(78) 
5 
41 
41 
— 

Warranty 
Claims 

80 
105 
(139) 
2 
48 
48 
— 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

20 
50 
(49) 
3 
24 
19 
5 

Other 

20 
16 
(17) 
1 
20 
15 
5 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

68 
116 
(127) 
8 
65 
60 
5 

Total 

100 
121 
(156) 
3 
68 
63 
5 

2015 

2014 

4 
2 
6 

2015 

48 
37 
34 
31 
13 
11 
6 
180 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

13 
5 
18 

2014 

42 
74 
38 
17 
— 
15 
4 
190 

(a)  Finance leases were issued at varying rates of interest from 6% - 10% and mature on various dates up to 2078. 
49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 

 The Company and its subsidiaries offer a number of benefit plans that provide pension and other benefits to many 
of its employees in Canada, the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland. These plans include defined benefit and defined 
contribution plans.  

The defined benefit pension plans include both registered and non-registered pension plans that provide a pension 
based on the members’ final average earnings and years of service while participating in the pension plan. 

(cid:120)  In Canada, closed defined benefit pension plans exist for eligible employees. Final average earnings are based on 
the highest 3 or 5 year average salary depending on employment category and there is no standard indexation 
feature. Effective July 1, 2004, non-executive members of the defined benefit pension plan were offered a 
voluntary opportunity to convert their benefits to a defined contribution pension plan. The registered defined 
benefit pension plan was subsequently closed to all new non-executive employees, who became eligible to enter 
one of the Company’s defined contribution pension plans. Effective January 1, 2010, the defined benefit pension 
plan was closed to new executive employees as well, who became eligible to join a defined contribution pension 
plan. Pension benefits under the registered defined benefit pension plans’ formula that exceed the maximum 
taxation limits are provided from a non-registered supplemental pension plan. Benefits under this plan are partially 
funded by a Retirement Compensation Arrangement.   

(cid:120)  Finning (UK) provided a defined benefit pension plan for eligible employees hired prior to January 2003. Under 
this plan, final average earnings are based on the highest 3-year period and benefits are indexed annually with 
inflation subject to limits. Effective January 2003, this plan was closed to new employees who became eligible to 
join a defined contribution pension plan. In December 2011, the UK defined benefit pension plan was further 
amended to cease future accruals for existing members from April 2012 at which time affected members began 
accruing benefits under a defined contribution pension plan.  

The defined contribution pension plans are pension plans under which the Company pays fixed contributions, as a 
percentage of earnings, into the plans, where an account exists for each plan member.  

(cid:120)  In Canada, the defined contribution pension plans are registered pension plans that offer a base Company 

contribution rate for all members. The Company will also partially match non-executive employee contributions to 
a maximum additional Company contribution of 1% of employee earnings. The registered defined contribution 
pension plan for executive employees is supplemented by an unfunded supplementary accumulation plan. Where 
contributions under the registered plan would otherwise exceed the maximum taxation limit, the excess 
contributions are provided through this supplemental plan. 

(cid:120)  In the UK, the defined contribution pension plans offer a match of employee contributions, within a required range, 

plus 1%. The Company’s Irish subsidiary has a defined contribution pension plan, which offers a match of 
employee contributions at a level set by the Company.  

The Company’s South American employees do not participate in employer pension plans but are covered by country 
specific legislation with respect to post-employment benefit plans. The Company’s South American post-
employment benefit plans are not funded. The Company accrues its obligations to employees under these 
arrangements based on the actuarial valuation of anticipated payments to employees.   

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Accounting Policy 

Defined benefit plans  

The cost of pensions and other retirement benefits is determined by independent actuaries using the projected unit 
credit method. 

Current service costs and administration costs (net of employee contributions) are recognized in selling, general, 
and administrative expenses and net interest costs are recognized finance costs in the consolidated statement of 
income. Net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined 
benefit liability or asset and contributions to and benefit payments from the plan during the year.  

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized directly in 
other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur.  

The amount recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position represents the present value of the 
defined benefit obligation reduced by the fair value of plan assets.  The present value of the defined benefit 
obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using high-quality corporate bond yields 
that approximate the timing of the related pension obligation. 

Defined contribution plans  

The cost of pension benefits includes the current service cost, which comprise the actual contributions made and 
accrued by the Company during the year. These contributions are based on a fixed percentage of member earnings 
for the year and are charged to the consolidated statement of income as they become due. 

Areas of Significant Judgment 

Actuarial valuations of the Company’s defined benefit and other post-employment benefit plans are based on 
assumptions requiring significant judgment, such as mortality rates, inflation (which is particularly relevant in the 
UK), estimates of future salary increases, and employee turnover. Judgment is exercised in setting these 
assumptions. These assumptions combined with the high quality corporate bond yield, used to discount the 
estimated future cash flows, impact the measurement of the net employee benefit obligation, the net benefit cost, 
the actuarial gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income, and funding levels in Canada and the 
UK. 

The net benefit cost for the Company’s post-employment benefit plans, primarily for pension benefits, is as follows:  

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)  
Defined contribution (DC) pension 

Canada 

2015 
UK & 
Ireland 

Total 

  Canada 

2014 
UK & 
Ireland 

Total 

plans 

Net benefit cost 
Defined benefit (DB) pension plans 
Current service cost, net of 
employee contributions 

Administration costs 
Net interest cost  
Net benefit cost 
Net DC and DB benefit cost 
recognized in net income 

Actuarial (gain) loss on plan assets 
Actuarial (gain) loss on plan liabilities 
Total actuarial (gain) loss recognized 
in other comprehensive income 

$ 

34  $ 

10  $ 

44 

$ 

37  $ 

9  $ 

46 

9 
— 
2 
11 

— 
2 
2 
4 

45  $ 

14  $ 

9 
2 
4 
15 

59 

(8) $ 
(9)

14  $ 
(78)

6 
(87)

$ 

$ 

$ 

(17) $ 

(64) $ 

(81)

7 
— 
2 
9 

— 
1 
2 
3 

46  $ 

12  $ 

7 
1 
4 
12 

58 

(29)  $ 
49 

(76) $ 
97 

(105)
146 

20  $ 

21  $ 

41 

$ 

$ 

$ 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Information about the Company’s defined benefit pension plans is as follows: 

Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions)  
Accrued benefit obligation 
Balance, beginning of year 
Current service cost 
Interest cost 
Benefits paid 
Remeasurements: 

-  Actuarial (gain) loss from change 
in demographic assumptions  
-  Actuarial (gain) loss from change 

in financial assumptions 

Experience (gain) loss  

Foreign exchange rate changes 
Balance, end of year 
Plan assets 
Fair value at beginning of year 
Return on plan assets: 

$ 

$ 

-  Return on plan assets included in 

net interest cost 

-  Actuarial gain (loss) on plan assets 

Employer contributions  
Employees contributions 
Benefits paid 
Administration costs 
Foreign exchange rate changes 
Fair value at end of year 
Net defined benefit obligation 

Canada 

2015 
UK 

Total 

  Canada 

2014 
UK 

Total 

$ 

518  $ 

10 
19 
(26) 

— 

(6) 
(3) 
— 

512  $ 

  $ 

692  $  1,210 
10 
44 
(49) 

— 
25 
(23) 

459  $ 
8 
21 
(19) 

574  $  1,033 
8 
47 
(38) 

— 
26 
(19) 

(5) 

(5) 

(38) 
(35) 
86 

(44) 
(38) 
86 
702  $  1,214 

7 

51 
(9) 
— 

  $ 

518  $ 

— 

7 

96 
1 
14 

147 
(8) 
14 
692  $  1,210 

465  $ 

625  $  1,090 

  $ 

415  $ 

521  $ 

936 

17 
8 
9 
1 
(26) 
— 
— 

$ 
$ 

474  $ 
38  $ 

23 
(14) 
12 
— 
(23) 
(2) 
81 

40 
(6) 
21 
1 
(49) 
(2) 
81 
702  $  1,176 
38 

—  $ 

19 
29 
20 
1 
(19) 
— 
— 

  $ 
  $ 

465  $ 
53  $ 

24 
76 
11 
— 
(19) 
(1) 
13 

43 
105 
31 
1 
(38) 
(1) 
13 
625  $  1,090 
120 

67  $ 

Included in the accrued benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets at the year-end are the following amounts in 
respect of plans that are not fully funded: 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Accrued benefit obligation 
Fair value of plan assets 
Funded status – plan deficit 

Canada 

$ 

$ 

507 $ 
467

40 $ 

2015 
UK 

Total 

  Canada 

2014 
UK 

Total 

702 $ 
702

— $ 

1,209   $ 
1,169

40   $ 

513  $ 
459 

54  $ 

692 $ 
625

67 $ 

1,205
1,084
121

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Key Assumptions and Related Sensitivities 

The significant actuarial assumptions used in the valuations of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans include:  

2015 

2014 

For years ended December 31 
Discount rate – obligation 
Discount rate – expense (1) 
Retail price inflation – obligation  
Retail price inflation – expense (1) 
(1)  Used to determine the net interest cost and expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. 

Canada 
3.9% 
3.8% 
n/a 
n/a 

Canada 
3.8% 
4.6% 
n/a 
n/a 

UK 
3.7% 
3.4% 
3.2% 
3.2% 

UK 
3.4% 
4.5% 
3.2% 
3.5% 

Assumptions regarding future mortality are set based on management’s best estimate in accordance with published 
statistics and experience in each country. During 2015 and 2014, the mortality tables were updated to reflect newly 
available estimated mortality rates in the UK and Canada, respectively. These assumptions translate into an 
average life expectancy (in years) as follows: 

Life expectancy for male currently aged 65 
Life expectancy for female currently aged 65 
Life expectancy at 65 for male currently aged 45 
Life expectancy at 65 for female currently aged 45 

Canada 
22 
24 
23 
25 

UK 

22 
25 
24 
26 

Discount rates are determined based on high quality corporate bonds at the measurement date, December 31, 2015 
and 2014. The accrued defined benefit pension obligation and expense are sensitive to changes in the discount 
rate, among other assumptions. At the end of the most recent calendar year, the weighted average duration of the 
obligation in Canada is 14 years and in the U.K. is 19 years. A 0.25% increase in the discount rate and in retail price 
inflation would impact the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below.  

Increased (decreased) defined benefit obligation 

($ millions) 
Discount rate 
Retail price inflation 

Change in assumption 
+ 0.25% 
+ 0.25% 

Canada 

UK 

     $                       (17) 
                              n/a 

$                         (31) 
$                         24 

A 0.25% decrease in the discount rate and retail price inflation would have an approximately equivalent but opposite 
effect on the above accounts in the amounts shown. 

The sensitivity analysis is based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In 
practice, this is unlikely to occur, as changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the 
sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to significant actuarial assumptions, the same method (i.e. present value 
of the defined benefit obligation calculated with the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period) 
has been applied as when calculating the pension liability recognized within the statement of financial position. 

The methods and types of assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis did not change compared to the 
previous period. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Funding and Valuations of Defined Benefit Plans 

In Canada, the Company is funding its obligations in accordance with pension legislation requiring funding of going 
concern deficits over a fifteen year period and solvency deficits over a five year period. In the U.K., at the last formal 
valuation a ten year schedule was set out. The contributions expected to be paid during the financial year ended 
December 31, 2016 amount to approximately $26 million for the defined benefit pension plans. Funding levels are 
monitored regularly and reset with new valuations that occur at least every three years. Defined benefit pension 
plans are country and entity specific. The valuation dates of the Company’s material defined benefit pension plans 
are as follows: 

Defined Benefit Pension Plan 
Canada – BC Regular & Executive Plan 
Canada – Executive Supplemental Income Plan 
Canada – Alberta Defined Benefit Plan 
Finning UK Defined Benefit Scheme 
(1) The December 31, 2014 actuarial valuation is in progress as at February 17, 2016. 

Last Actuarial  
Valuation Date 
December 31, 2013 
December 31, 2015  
December 31, 2013 
December 31, 2014 

(1) 

Next Actuarial  
Valuation Date 
December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2018 
December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

Plan Assets 

The fair values of plan assets are determined using a combination of quoted prices and market observable inputs 
except for investments in real estate and annuity contracts. The fair values of investments in real estate are 
determined using un-quoted inputs. Annuity contracts invested in by the plan will have cashflows that exactly match 
the amount and timing of certain benefits payable under the plans. The value of these contracts is deemed to be the 
present value of the related obligations. Plan assets are principally invested in the following securities (segregated 
by geography): 

Canada 

Canada 

US 

International 

UK 

Fixed-income (1) 
Equity 
Real estate 
Cash and cash equivalents 
(1)  Fixed-income includes investments in annuity contracts in Canada. 

63% 
8% 
4% 
3% 

— 
12% 
— 
— 

— 
10% 
— 
— 

59% 
3% 
8% 
1% 

UK 

US 

— 
15% 
— 
— 

International 

— 
14% 
— 
— 

Plan assets do not include a direct investment in common shares of the Company at December 31, 2015 and 2014.  

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Key Risks 

Through its defined benefit pension plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of 
which are detailed below: 

Investment Risk (i.e. asset volatility) 

The plan liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to high quality corporate bond yields; if 
plan assets underperform this yield, this will create a deficit. Both the Canadian and U.K. plans invest in various 
asset categories including primarily equities, fixed income, and real estate. These investments, in aggregate, are 
expected to outperform corporate bonds in the long-term but may result in volatility in the shorter-term. 

To help mitigate this risk, in selecting the portfolios and the weightings in each category, the Company considers 
and monitors how the duration and the expected yield of the investments match the expected cash outflows arising 
from the pension obligations.  A framework has been developed and adopted for each of the Canadian and U.K. 
defined benefit pension plans whereby the investments will be adjusted over time as plan funding positions improve. 
The planned adjustments are intended to improve the asset-liability match over time. This is to be accomplished 
primarily by reducing the exposure to equity investments over time and increasing exposure to investments such as 
long-term fixed interest securities with maturities that better match the benefit payments as they fall due. Recent 
progress included investments in annuity contracts in Canada and liability matching funds in the U.K.   

Equity investments still remain in the plans, as the Company believes that equities offer higher returns over the long 
term with an acceptable level of risk considering the proportion of assets held in this category and the long-term 
nature of the liabilities. Investments remain well diversified, such that the failure of any single investment would not 
have a material impact on the overall level of assets. 

Discount Rate Risk (i.e. changes in bond yields) 

A decrease in corporate bond yields will increase the value placed on the plan liabilities. This risk is managed by 
selecting certain investments that aim to better match assets and liabilities. For example, a liability increase that 
results from a decrease in corporate bond yields will be partially offset by an increase in the value of the plans’ bond 
holdings. 

Inflation Risk 

The majority of the pension obligations in the U.K. are linked to inflation. Higher inflation will lead to higher liabilities 
(although, in most cases, caps on the level of inflationary increases are in place to protect the plan against extreme 
inflation). While some of the plan’s assets are either unaffected by (fixed interest bonds) or loosely correlated with 
(equities) inflation, in recent years, the plan has increased its investments in assets that have a direct correlation 
with inflation (e.g. real estate, index-linked gilts and liability matching funds) in order to further manage this risk.  

In the Canadian plans, the pension payments are not linked to inflation, so this is not a direct risk. However, to the 
extent that future benefits are based on final average earnings and salaries are generally linked to inflation to some 
degree, an increase in inflation beyond expectations will result in higher liabilities. With a relatively small number of 
employees still earning benefits in a defined benefit plan, this risk is limited. The risk is managed to some degree 
through investments correlated with inflation (e.g. real estate, and, to a lesser degree, equities). 

Longevity Risk (i.e. increasing life expectancy) 

The plans provide benefits for the life of the member after retirement, so increases in life expectancy will result in an 
increase in the plans’ liabilities. This is particularly significant in the U.K. plan, where inflationary increases result in 
higher sensitivity to changes in life expectancy. 

The Company has partially mitigated this risk in Canada with the purchase of annuity contracts which provide 
cashflows that exactly match the amount and timing of certain benefit payments under the plans. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

23. POST-EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUED 

) 

Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations   

Employment terms at some of the Company’s South American operations provide for a payment when an 
employment contract comes to an end under certain conditions, which can be considered a post-employment 
benefit. This is typically at the rate of one month of final salary for each year of service (subject in most cases to a 
cap as to the number of qualifying years of service and a cap on the salary rate). This post-employment benefit 
obligation is treated as an unfunded defined benefit pension plan, and the obligation recognized is based on 
valuations performed and regularly updated through independent actuarial calculations by using the projected unit 
credit method. The obligation recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position represents the present 
value of the post-employment benefit obligation. Actuarial gains and losses are immediately recognized in the 
consolidated statement of other comprehensive income. 

The most recent actuarial valuation date was December 31, 2015. 

The main assumptions used to determine the actuarial present value of the benefit obligation were as follows: 

December 31 
Discount rate – obligation   
Rate of compensation increase  
Average staff turnover 

For years ended December 31 
($ millions) 
Movement in the present value of the other post-employment benefit 
obligation was as follows: 
Balance at the beginning of the year 
Current service cost  
Interest cost  
Remeasurement (gains) losses recognized in other comprehensive income: 

- Change in demographic assumptions 
- Change in financial assumptions 
- Experience gains 

Paid in the year  
Foreign exchange rate changes  
Balance at the end of the year  

Maturity Analysis 

2015 

1.5% 
3.0% 
6.0% 

2014 

2.2% 
3.0% 
13.2% 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

37 
6 
1 

3 
2 
(1) 
(6) 
2 
44 

$ 

$ 

48 
5 
1 

(12) 
1 
(1) 
(5) 
— 
37 

Expected maturity analysis of undiscounted pension and other post-employment benefit obligations of the 
Company’s operations in Canada, U.K. and Ireland, and South America are as follows: 

December 31, 2015 
($ millions) 
Defined benefit pension plans 
Other post-employment benefits  
Total 

Less than 
a year 

$ 

$ 

45 
9 
54 

Accumulated Remeasurement Losses 

Between 
1-2 years 
46 
5 
51 

$ 

$ 

Between 
2-5 years 
150 
11 
161 

$ 

$ 

Over 
5 years 

Total 

$ 

$ 

2,116 
60 
2,176 

$ 

$ 

2,357 
85 
2,442 

The accumulated actuarial loss, net of tax, of the post-employment benefit obligations in the Company’s operations 
in Canada, U.K. and Ireland, and South America recognized directly in retained earnings is $215 million as at 
December 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014: $277 million). 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

24. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION 

Accounting Policy 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand together with short-term investments, consisting of highly rated 
and liquid money market instruments with original maturities of three months or less, and are classified as loans and 
receivables.  

The components of cash and cash equivalents are as follows: 

December 31 
($ millions)  
Cash  
Cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents 

The changes in operating assets and liabilities are as follows: 

For years ended 
($ millions)  
Accounts receivable and other assets 
Service work in progress 
Inventories – on-hand equipment 
Inventories – parts and supplies 
Instalment notes receivable 
Accounts payable and accruals and other liabilities 
Income tax recoverable/payable 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities 

2015 

2014 

184 
291 
475 

$ 

$ 

199 
251 
450 

2015 

2014 

341 
13 
(17) 
91 
15 
(382) 
15 
76 

$ 

$ 

16 
(1) 
109 
58 
(14) 
(183) 
(3) 
(18) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Dividends of $0.725 (2014: $0.685) per share were paid during the year. Subsequent to year end in February 2016, 
the Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.1825 per share payable on March 17, 2016 to 
shareholders of record on March 3, 2016. This dividend will be considered an eligible dividend for Canadian income 
tax purposes. As at December 31, 2015, the Company has not recognized a liability for this dividend. 

57 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

25. ACQUISITIONS 

Accounting Policy 
The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for all business combinations, regardless of whether equity 
instruments or other assets are acquired. The consideration for the acquisition of a subsidiary is: 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

fair values of the assets transferred, and 
fair value of an asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement 

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are 
measured initially at the acquisition-date fair value. 

The excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as 
goodwill. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. 

Saskatchewan dealership  

Effective July 1, 2015 the Company acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd. for cash consideration of $241 
million and became the approved Caterpillar dealer in Saskatchewan. The acquisition expands Finning’s Western 
Canadian operations into a contiguous territory, diversifies the Company's revenue base into sectors such as potash 
and uranium, and provides a platform for long-term growth opportunities and diversification into new markets.  

This purchase is accounted for as a business combination. Management is currently in the process of estimating the 
acquisition-date fair values of certain tangible assets acquired and measuring the acquired intangible assets. The 
preliminary allocation of the purchase price, based on management’s best estimate at February 17, 2016, is as 
follows: 

Preliminary purchase price allocation ($ millions)
Inventory 
Rental equipment 
Accounts and other receivables 
Property, plant, and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Service work in progress 
Goodwill 
Accounts payable and other liabilities 
Deferred income tax liability 
Net assets acquired 

$  

$ 

96 
77 
38 
10 
10 
2
25 
(16) 
(1) 
241 

The intangible assets acquired represent customer relationships of $9 million and technology of $1 million and are 
being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated life of 10 years and 3 years, respectively. Goodwill 
relates to the expected synergies by combining complementary capabilities, customer bases and highly skilled 
employees across Finning's territory in British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories and part of Nunavut 
with Kramer's presence in Saskatchewan. The goodwill is assigned to the Company’s Canada operating segment. 
Goodwill recognized is not deductible for tax purposes. 

Acquisition costs of $3 million were paid on the transaction and recorded as an expense in the consolidated 
statement of income of 2015. 

Since the acquisition date to the end of the reporting period, the acquiree earned $107 million of revenue and $6 
million in net income.  

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
   
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

25. ACQUISITIONS (CONTINUED 

) 

SITECH 

On July 4, 2014, the Company’s UK & Ireland operations acquired 100% of the shares of Reaction One Limited (UK) 
and Alveton Limited (Ireland). With these acquisitions, the newly formed company named SITECH sells and 
services Trimble Navigation Limited’s (Trimble) heavy and highway machine control and monitoring products in all of 
its dealership territories (rights in the Company’s Canadian and South American dealership operations were 
acquired in 2011). Trimble is Caterpillar’s global technologies joint venture partner in construction and other 
industries.  

The fair value of the total consideration at the acquisition date was $20 million (£11 million) with $14 million (£8 
million) paid in cash at the time of acquisition. Further contingent consideration with a possible range of £nil - £4 
million may be paid after acquisition, contingent upon the profitability of the acquired business over the next three 
years. The Company recognized $6 million (£3 million) of contingent consideration as a liability on the consolidated 
statement of financial position. Acquisition costs of $1 million (£0.4 million) were paid on the transaction and were 
recorded as an expense in the consolidated statement of income of 2014. 

The purchase has been accounted for as a business combination. The allocation of the purchase price is as follows: 

Purchase price allocation ($ millions) 
Working capital 
Rental equipment 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Net assets acquired 

$ 

$ 

1 
3 
2 
14
20 

The intangible assets acquired represent customer relationships valued at $2 million (£1 million) and are being 
amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated life of 2 years. Goodwill recognized relates to expected 
synergies from combining the operations of Finning UK & Ireland and SITECH which will provide a total solutions 
and technology strategy to ensure greater productivity to customers within the U.K. and Ireland. The goodwill is 
assigned to the UK & Ireland Equipment Solutions cash-generating unit. Goodwill recognized is not deductible for 
tax purposes. 

Other acquisitions 

Cash paid in relation to other acquisitions in 2015 totalled $2 million (2014: $nil).  

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

26. ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS 

The Company distributes and services heavy equipment, engines, and related products. The Company has 
dealership agreements with numerous equipment manufacturers, of which the most significant are with subsidiaries 
of Caterpillar. Distribution and servicing of Caterpillar products account for the major portion of the Company's 
operations. Finning has a strong relationship with Caterpillar that has been ongoing since 1933.  

27. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND TOTAL STAFF COSTS 

Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, joint venture, and associate, which are 
related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. 

The remuneration of the Board of Directors during the year was as follows: 

For years ended December 31  
($ millions) 
Short-term benefits 
Share-based payments  
Total 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

1 
— 
1 

$ 

$ 

1 
1 
2 

The remuneration of key management personnel excluding the Board of Directors (defined as officers of the 
Company and country presidents) during the year was as follows: 

For years ended December 31  
($ millions) 
Salaries and benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Share-based payments 
Termination payments 
Total 

2015 

2014 

$ 

$ 

9 
1 
2 
— 
12 

$ 

$ 

10 
1 
7 
1 
19 

Total staff costs, including salaries, benefits, pension, share-based payments, termination payments, and 
commissions are $1,306 million (2014: $1,404 million). This amount includes staff costs associated with key 
management personnel noted above. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

28. LEASES 

Accounting Policy 

Leases are classified as either finance or operating leases. Leases where substantially all of the benefits and risks 
of ownership of property rest with the lessee are accounted for as finance leases; all other leases are classified as 
operating leases.  

The Company as Lessee 

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the 
inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability 
to the lessor is included in the statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are 
apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of 
interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Contingent rental payments are recognized as expenses in the 
periods in which they are triggered.  

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where 
another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased 
asset are consumed. In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives 
are recognized as a liability. The aggregate benefit of incentives is recognized as a reduction of rental expense on a 
straight-line basis over the term of the lease, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the 
time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed. 

Future minimum lease payments due under finance lease contracts and payments due under various operating 
lease contracts are as follows: 

For years ended December 31  
($ millions) 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
Thereafter 

Less imputed interest 
Total finance lease obligation 
Less current portion of finance lease obligation 
Non-current portion of finance lease obligation 

Operating 
Leases (1) 
74 
53 
38 
30 
23 
84 
302 

$ 

$ 

Finance 
Leases 

6 
6 
6 
5 
11 
16 
50 
(15) 
35 
(4) 
31 

$ 

 $ 

$ 

(1)  The Company recognized a liability of $16 million, $4 million in accrued liabilities and $12 million in non-current other 

liabilities, related to future minimum lease payments due under certain operating leases that were considered to be onerous 
at December 31, 2015 (2014: $nil). 

Minimum lease payments recognized as lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 is $95 million (2014: 
$109 million). 

61 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Finning International Inc. 
Annual 2015 Results 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

29. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Due to the size, complexity, and nature of the Company’s operations, various legal, customs, and tax matters are 
pending. These include a number of claims from the Argentina Customs Authority associated with export of 
agricultural product. The Company has appealed these claims, believes they are without merit, and is confident in its 
position.  

These pending matters may take a number of years to resolve. Should the ultimate resolution of these matters differ 
from management’s assessment, a material adjustment could arise and impact the Company’s financial position. 
However, it is the current opinion of management, that these matters will not have a material effect on the 
Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.  

30. GUARANTEES AND INDEMNIFICATIONS 

The Company enters into contracts with rights of return, in certain circumstances, for the repurchase of equipment 
sold to customers for an amount which is generally based on a discount from the estimated future fair value of that 
equipment. As at December 31, 2015, the total estimated value of these contracts outstanding is $138 million (2014: 
$125 million) coming due at periods ranging from 2016 to 2018. The Company’s experience to date has been that 
the equipment at the exercise date of the contract is generally worth more than the repurchase amount. The total 
amount recognized as a provision against these contracts is $2 million (2014: $1 million). 

The Company has issued certain guarantees to Caterpillar Finance to guarantee certain borrowers’ obligations. The 
guarantees would be enforceable in the event that the borrowers defaulted on their obligations to Caterpillar 
Finance, to the extent that any net proceeds from the recovery and sale of collateral securing repayment of the 
borrowers’ obligations is insufficient to meet those obligations. As at December 31, 2015, the maximum potential 
amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under the guarantees, before any amounts 
that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralization provisions in the guarantees, is $26 million, 
covering various periods up to 2022. As at December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has not recognized a 
liability for these guarantees.    

The Company has also issued guarantees for certain equipment sold to third parties to guarantee their residual 
values. The guarantees would be enforceable in the event that the market value of equipment at the time of its 
ultimate disposal is below the residual value guarantee issued by the Company. As at December 31, 2015, the 
maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under the guarantees is 
$17 million, covering various periods up to 2020. As at December 31, 2015, the Company has recognized a liability 
of $5 million for these guarantees (2014: $2 million).    

As part of the Hewden Purchase and Sale Agreement in 2010, the Company provided indemnifications to the third 
party purchaser, covering breaches of representation and warranties as well as litigation and other matters set forth 
in the agreement. Claims may be made by the third party purchaser under the agreement for various periods of time 
depending on the nature of the claim, up to six years. The maximum potential exposure of the Company under these 
indemnifications is 100% of the purchase price. As at December 31, 2015, the Company has not recognized a 
liability for these indemnifications.   

In connection with the sale of the Materials Handling Division in 2006, the Company provided a guarantee to a third 
party with respect to a property lease. If the lessee were to default, the Company would be required to make the 
annual lease payments of approximately $1 million to the end of the lease term in 2020. The Company has not 
recognized a liability for this guarantee in 2015 or 2014. 

In the normal course of operations, the Company has several long-term maintenance and repair contracts with 
various customers which contain cost per hour guarantees.  

During the year, the Company entered into various other commercial letters of credit in the normal course of 
operations. The total issued and outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2015 was $126 million (2014: $199 
million) all related to letters of credit issued in Chile (2014: $198 million), principally related to performance 
guarantees on delivery for prepaid equipment and other operational commitments.  

62 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Five Year Financial Summary 

For years ended December 31 

2015 (1)

2014

2013

2012

2011

OPERATING RESULTS ($ millions)
Revenue (2) (3) (4)
Canadian operations
South American operations  (4)
UK & Ireland 

Other

Total consolidated

EBITDA  (2) (3) (5) 

As a percent of revenue (EBITDA margin) 

EBIT (2) (3) (5)

As a percent of revenue (EBIT margin) 

Net income    (2) (3) (5)

As a percent of revenue

Invested capital

Inventory

Free cash flow

RATIOS  (7)
Return on invested capital

Invested capital turnover

Inventory turns

Working capital to sales

Net debt to invested capital

Net debt to EBITDA

SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA
Earnings per common share (2) (3) (5)

Basic

Diluted 

$          

3,054

$          

3,634

$          

3,358

$          

3,278

$          

2,944

2,059

1,077

2,227

1,057

2,514

884

2,397

901

2,120

831

$          

6,190

$          

6,918

$          

6,756

$          

6,576

$          

5,895

$            

126

$            

720

$            

737

$            

701

$            

548

2.0%
(105)

$           

(1.7)%

10.4%
504

$            

7.3%

10.9%
521

$            

7.7%

10.7%
489

$            

7.4%

$            

9.3%
374

6.3%

$           

(161)

$            

318

$            

335

$            

327

$            

251

(2.6)%

4.6%

5.0%

5.0%

4.3%

$          

3,240

$          

1,800

$          

3,106

$          

1,661

$          

3,138

$          

1,756

$          

3,131

$          

1,930

$          

2,320

$          

1,443

$            

325

$            

483

$            

441

$            

(37)

$           

(221)

(3.0)%

1.75x

2.26x

32.7%

36.7%

9.5

15.3%

2.10x

2.81x

26.1%

31.4%

1.4

15.7%

2.04x

2.74x

26.5%

40.8%

1.7

16.5%

2.22x

2.43x

24.5%

50.0%

2.2

16.0%

2.53x

2.95x

22.8%

42.0%

1.8

$          

(0.94)

$          

(0.94)

$           

1.85

$           

1.84

$           

1.95

$           

1.94

$           

1.90

$           

1.90

$           

1.47

$           

1.46

Dividends per common share

$        

0.7250

$        

0.6850

$        

0.5975

$           

0.55

$           

0.51

Common Share Price

High

Low

Year end

$          

25.67

$          

17.60

$          

18.68

$          

33.90

$          

23.09

$          

25.23

$          

27.68

$          

20.37

$          

27.15

$          

29.97

$          

21.68

$          

24.57

$          

30.25

$          

18.55

$          

22.21

Common shares outstanding (thousands)

168,031

172,370

172,014

171,910

171,574

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES (6)
Canada

South America

UK and Ireland

Head Office

Total

Revenue per employee (7) (8)
Net income per employee  (7) (8)

5,017

6,253

1,660

73

13,003

5,703

6,937

1,790

65

14,495

5,698

7,463

1,677

86

14,924

6,061

7,422

1,814

85

15,382

5,435

6,453

1,626

78

13,592

$            

476

$            

(12)

$            

477

$             

22

$            

453

$             

22

$            

427

$             

21

$            

434

$             

18

These results have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

(1) 2015 reported financial metrics were impacted by a number of significant items management does not consider indicative of operational and financial 
     trends either by nature or amount. These significant items are described on page 3 of the Management Discussion & Analysis; of the significant items described,  
     $10 million was recorded in depreciation and amortization expense. Excluding the significant items not included in depreciation and amortization annual 2015 EBITDA  
     would have been $604 million and Net Debt to EBITDA ratio would have been 2.0x. 
(2) In July 2015, the Company’s Canadian operations acquired the operating assets of Kramer Ltd., the results of the acquired dealership business in Saskatchewan have been 

included in the Company's Canadian operations segment since the date of acquisition. In July 2014, the Company’s UK & Ireland operations acquired SITECH.  
In February 2012, the Company acquired Damar, an engineering company specializing in the water utility sector in the U.K. In May 2012, the Company acquired the former 
Bucyrus distribution and support business in its dealership territories of South America and in the U.K. In October 2012, the Company acquired the former Bucyrus distribution 
and support business in its Canadian dealership territory. The results of operations and financial position of these acquired businesses have been included in the figures above 
since the date of acquisition. 

(3) In December 2015, the Company sold its wholly owned subsidiary, Finning Uruguay S.A. (Uruguay dealership). The results of the Uruguay dealership have been included in the 

Company's South American operations segment up until the date of sale. 

(4) The Company's South American operations began to export an agricultural product from Argentina in 2012 in response to the Argentinean government's efforts to balance imports 
and exports and to manage access to foreign currency exchange. In 2013, the Company reclassified the export revenues and expenses to other income and other expenses and 
has restated the results for the year ended December 31, 2012. The Company has not exported agricultural product since Q3 2013. 

(5) In 2013, the Company retrospectively applied the amendments to IAS 19, Employee Benefits to January 1, 2010, the date of IFRS adoption and have restated the results for 2012 

and 2011.  

(6) Number of employees includes all employees up to the point of sale or since acquisition. 
(7) These financial metrics do not have a standardized meaning under IFRS, and may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers.  
(8) Revenue/net income per employee is calculated as revenue/net income divided by total number of employees. 

 
 
 
 
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
             
             
             
              
              
              
              
              
        
        
        
        
        
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
          
          
          
          
          
Board of Directors and Executive Officers

As of February 18, 2016 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

David W. Cummings 
Executive Vice President and Chief Information 
Officer, Finning International Inc. 

Chad Hiley 
Chief Human Resources Officer, Finning 
International Inc. and Senior Vice President, 
Human Resources, Finning Canada 

Marcello Marchese 
President, Finning South America 

Anna P. Marks 
Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and 
Treasurer, Finning International Inc. 

Steven M. Nielsen 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial 
Officer, Finning International Inc. 

Kevin Parkes 
Managing Director, Finning UK & Ireland 

J. Gail Sexsmith 
Corporate Secretary, Finning International Inc. 

L. Scott Thomson 
President and Chief Executive Officer, Finning 
International Inc. 

Juan Carlos Villegas 
President, Finning Canada and Chief Operating 
Officer, Finning International Inc. 

Marcelo A. Awad 
Santiago, Chile 
Director since: 2014 

James E.C. Carter, O.C. 
Edmonton, AB, Canada 
Director since: 2007 

Jacynthe Côté 
Candiac, PQ, Canada 
Director since: 2014 

Nicholas Hartery 
Limerick, Republic of Ireland 
Director since: 2014 

Kevin A. Neveu 
Calgary, AB, Canada 
Director since: 2013 

Kathleen M. O’Neill 
Toronto, ON, Canada 
Director since: 2007 

Christopher W. Patterson 
Bonita Springs, FL, USA 
Director since: 2010 

John M. Reid 
Vancouver, BC, Canada 
Director since: 2006 

L. Scott Thomson 
Vancouver, BC, Canada 
Director since: 2013 

Douglas W.G. Whitehead 
North Vancouver, BC, Canada 
Director since: 1999 
Board Chair 

Michael M. Wilson 
Bragg Creek, AB, Canada 
Director since: 2013 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Name 
Finning International Inc.  

Exchange / Symbol 
Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: FTT) 

Filings 
SEDAR  

Head Office  
Suite 1000, 666 Burrard Street  
Vancouver, British Columbia  
Canada V6C 2X8  
604-691-6444  
www.finning.com  

Auditors  
Deloitte LLP  

Solicitors  
Borden Ladner Gervais LLP  

Transfer Agent and Registrar  
Computershare Investor Services Inc.  
1-800-564-6253 (North America)  
514-982-7555 (International)  
service@computershare.com  
www.computershare.com 

Shareholder Information

Corporate Information  
Finning prepares an Annual Information Form 
which is filed with the securities commission. The 
Annual Information Form and quarterly reports 
are available in the Investors section of 
www.finning.com.  

Corporate Governance Information  
Please refer to Finning’s management proxy 
circular in connection with the 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Shareholders and the Governance 
section of Finning’s website at www.finning.com 
for a full discussion of Finning’s corporate 
governance and corporate policies and practices.  

Code of Conduct  
One important way that Finning promotes our 
values and communicates the behaviours and 
actions expected from our employees is through 
our Code of Conduct. The Code provides a 
common set of principles and key policies to help 
guide day-to-day behaviour in support of our 
values. All employees are required to review the 
Code and affirm that they understand their role in 
upholding Finning’s ethical standards. The Code 
of Conduct is available in the Governance section 
of www.finning.com. 

Annual General Meeting  
May 4, 2016  
2:00 pm Pacific Time  
Terminal City Club  
837 West Hastings Street  
Vancouver, British Columbia  

Investor Contact Information  
For inquiries related to Finning’s operating 
activities and financial performance:  
Mauk Breukels  
Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate 
Affairs  
604-331-4934  
investor_relations@finning.ca  

For inquiries related to shares or dividends:  
Computershare Investor Services Inc.