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First Property Group

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FY2011 Annual Report · First Property Group
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Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discover Petra Diamonds

Petra Diamonds is a leading independent diamond mining group 
and an increasingly important supplier of rough diamonds to 
the international market. The Company has a well-diversified 
portfolio, with interests in eight producing mines: seven in South 
Africa (Finsch, Cullinan, Koffiefontein, Kimberley Underground, 
Helam, Sedibeng and Star) and one in Tanzania (Williamson).

Petra offers an exceptional growth profile, with a core objective to steadily 
increase annual production to over 5 million carats by FY 2019. The Group 
has a major resource base in excess of 300 million carats.

Petra conducts all its operations according to the highest ethical standards 
and  will  only  operate  in  countries  which  are  members  of  the  Kimberley 
Process. The Company is quoted on AIM (AIM: PDL) and has announced its 
plans  to  apply  for  admission,  with  a  premium  listing,  of  its  entire  issued 
share capital to the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and for admission 
to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market.

Image above: The 507 carat Cullinan Heritage diamond. 
Cover image: The Finsch mine in South Africa.

Discover more about Petra 
www.petradiamonds.com

Overview

  Discover Petra Diamonds
 01  2011 Highlights: at a Glance
 02  Our Assets: at a Glance
 04  Our Strategy: at a Glance
 04  The Diamond Market
 06  Chairman’s Statement

Business Review
 08  CEO’s Review 

  10 The Diamond Market
  12 Operational Review
    12 Cullinan
    14 Finsch
    16 Koffiefontein
    18 Kimberley Underground
    20 Williamson
    22 Fissure Mines
    23 Exploration

 24  Reserves and Resources
 28  Financial Review
 31  Key Performance Indicators

Corporate Governance
 32  Risk Management
 34  Corporate Social Responsibility
 36  Board of Directors
 38  Directors’ Report
 41  Corporate Governance Statement
 46  Directors’ Remuneration Report

Financial Statements
 49   Independent Auditor’s Report
 50  Consolidated Income Statement
 51   Consolidated Statement of 

Other Comprehensive Income

 52   Consolidated Statement 
of Changes in Equity
 54   Consolidated Statement 
of Financial Position
 55   Consolidated Statement 

of Cashflows

 56   Notes to the Annual 
Financial Statements

  Glossary

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011 Highlights: at a Glance

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Financial Highlights
U   Revenue: US$220.6 million 

(FY 20101: US$163.7 million)

U   Profit from mining activity2: US$76.4 million 

(FY 2010: US$67.2 million)

U   Operating cashflow: US$50.6 million 

(FY 2010: US$48.8 million)

U   Adjusted EBITDA3: US$67.1 million 

(FY 2010: US$70.9 million)

U   Profit after tax: US$59.2 million 
(FY 20101: US$70.2 million) 

U   EPS4: 12.83 cents per share, post the issue 

of 136,698,212 new shares in January 2011 
(FY 2010: 22.65 cents per share)

U   Cash at bank at 30 June 20115: US$324.9 million 

(FY 2010: US$34.5 million)

Operations Highlights
U   Production of 1,117,795 carats (FY 2010: 1,164,856) 

U   Diamond prices rose steadily from October 2010 

to highs in June 2011; since July 2011, rough prices 
have adjusted downwards and economic uncertainty 
may continue to cause volatility in the short term

Corporate Highlights
U   Acquisition of world-class Finsch mine for R1.425 billion 
(ca. US$192 million) completed post year end on 
14 September 2011

U   Equity fundraising of US$325 million to fund Finsch 
acquisition and strengthen Company balance sheet

U   US$83 million debt facilities in place with IFC and 

Rand Merchant Bank

Outlook
U   After an initial bedding down period, Finsch is expected 
to add ca. 125,000 carats per month to Petra’s output, 
adding at least 1 Mcts for FY 2012

U   The Group gross resources (including Finsch) have 

increased to over 300 Mcts

U   London Stock Exchange Main Market step-up expected 

U   Expansion plans on target to increase production to over 

in December 2011

5 Mcts by FY 2019

U   Long-term outlook for diamond market remains positive 

U   Sound cost control despite inflationary pressures

due to strong supply and demand fundamentals

1.   For the Period 1 July to 16 November 2009, Petra accounted for its interest in Cullinan under the gross method of proportional consolidation, recognising 50% of revenue 
and 13% minority interests. With effect from 17 November 2009, the effective date of control for accounting purposes that Petra acquired the remaining 50% interest 
in Cullinan Investment Holdings Limited from Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L., Petra consolidates 100% of revenue and 26% minority interests in line with IFRS. 

2.  Stated before impairments, depreciation, amortisation, share based expense, foreign exchange gains, interest paid, inventory fair value adjustment and deferred taxation 

on inventory fair value adjustment.

3.  EBITDA disclosures are “adjusted EBITDA”, being stated before impairments, share based expense, foreign exchange gains and recycling of foreign exchange differences 

on exploration projects.

4.  Stated after non-controlling interests (representing black economic empowerment (“BEE”) partners’ interests in the Group) of US$6.0 million (FY 2010: US$6.7 million).
5.  Cash at bank comprises unrestricted cash and restricted cash balances of US$96.9 million and US$228 million respectively (30 June 2010: US$24.8 million and US$9.7 million). 

The restricted balance of US$228 million as at 30 June 2011 included the consideration held in escrow for the acquisition of Finsch, which completed post Period end.

Gross production
Million carats

1.12

Gross revenue
US$ million

220.6

Group adjusted EBITDA3
US$ million

Profit after tax1
US$ million

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Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

01

Helam

Cullinan

Williamson

Finsch

Sedibeng

Star

Kimberley Underground

Koffiefontein

Overview

Our Assets: at a Glance

4,685

Helam

Cullinan

Petra has a well-diversified 
portfolio, with controlling interests 
in eight producing mines: seven in 
South Africa and one in Tanzania
Focus on Africa – source of ~60% of 
the world’s gem diamonds by value

Kimberley Underground

Koffiefontein

Sedibeng

Finsch

Star

Employees (excluding contractors) (as at 30 October 2011)

Finsch 

Cullinan 

Koffiefontein

Kimberley 
Underground

Williamson

Helam 

Star  

Sedibeng 

Kalahari 

Petra Group

4,654

Tanzania

Williamson

Botswana

Kalahari Diamonds
(exploration)

Cullinan

Finsch

Koffiefontein

Kalahari Diamonds
(exploration)

The world’s most celebrated 
diamond mine

South Africa’s second largest 
diamond mine

One of the world’s top kimberlite 
mines by average diamond value

Cullinan earned its place in history 
as the source of the Cullinan diamond 
in 1905, the largest gem diamond ever 
at 3,106 carats rough

Key facts:
U  Renowned for large, top quality gem diamonds –  
has produced 745 diamonds of +100 carats 
and a quarter of all diamonds of +400 carats

U  Only reliable source of highly prized, 

rare blue diamonds

U  World-class resource base of 203.7 Mcts 

(including tailings)

U  Expansion plan to increase production 
from ca. 895,000 ctpa to 2.4 Mctpa by 
FY 2019 (underground and tailings)

U  16 year initial mine plan

A major producer with world-class 
infrastructure and modern plant

Exceptional infrastructure and 
underground operation

Key facts:
U  Major resource base of 43.7 Mcts, incl. 

25.8 Mcts in reserves

U  Known to produce large, special diamonds –  
produced ca. 27 stones of +45 carats pa over 
last four years

U  Expansion plan to increase production 

from ~1.5 Mctpa to just under 2 Mctpa 
by FY 2018 (underground and tailings)

U  18 year initial mine plan

Key facts:
U  Regularly produces exceptional white 

diamonds of between five and 30 carats 
in size

U  Resource base of 6.1 Mcts
U  Expansion plan to increase production 

from ca. 48,000 ctpa to +100,000 ctpa 
by FY 2017 (underground and tailings)

U  14 year initial mine plan

Petra ownership
74% 

Petra ownership
74% 

Petra ownership
74%

26% BEE partners (14% Thembinkosi 
Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd, 12% Petra 
Diamonds Employee Share Trust)

26% BEE partners (21% Senakha 
Diamonds Investments (Pty) Ltd, 
5% Petra Diamonds Employee Share Trust)

26% BEE partner Re-Teng Diamonds  
(Pty) Ltd

02

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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South Africa

Helam

Cullinan

Williamson

p12

For more 
information on 
our operational 
performance

Finsch

Sedibeng

Star

Kimberley Underground

Koffiefontein

Kimberley Underground

Fissure Mines

Williamson

Kimberley is the heart of 
South Africa’s diamond industry

Portfolio of three fissure mines: 
Helam, Sedibeng and Star

Operation comprises three mines: 
Bultfontein, Dutoitspan and Wesselton

Narrow vein, low tonnage “fissure” mines

Petra’s only open pit operation

At 146 hectares, Williamson is the 
largest kimberlite pipe ever to be mined 
economically on a continuous basis, 
having been operated for over 70 years

Key facts:
U  Historic source of large diamonds and 

fancy yellows

U  Resource base of 7.1 Mcts
U  Expansion plan to increase production from 

ca. 57,000 ctpa to ca. 150,000 ctpa by FY 2013

U  11 year initial mine plan

Key facts:
U  Fissures are the narrow root zones of 

kimberlites (after the main pipe has been 
eroded away)

U  Low tonnage operations but high grade
U  Expansion plan to increase production 

from ca. 87,000 ctpa to ca.140,000 ctpa 
by FY 2015

U  Resource base of 5.0 Mcts 
U  >11 year initial mine plan

Key facts:
U  Renowned for high value white 

and “bubblegum” pink diamonds
U  Major resource base of 40.1 Mcts
U  3 Mtpa plant to come into production 

in Q3 FY 2012

U  17 year initial mine plan

Kalahari Diamonds

(exploration)

Petra ownership
74% 

26% BEE partner Sedibeng Mining (Pty) Ltd

Petra ownership
Helam: 

Sedibeng: 

Star:  

 74% Petra, 26% BEE partner Sedibeng 
Mining (Pty) Ltd
 74.5% Petra, 17.85% BEE partner Sedibeng 
Mining (Pty) Ltd, 7.65% BEE partner Bokone 
Properties (Pty) Ltd
 74% Petra, 26% BEE partner Sedibeng 
Mining (Pty) Ltd

Petra ownership
75%

25% United Government  
of the Republic of Tanzania

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

03

Overview

Our Strategy: at a Glance

Our focus

Our objectives

Our vision is to develop 
a diamond mining group 
of global significance

The  Group 
focused  on 
is 
cash-generative diamond production, 
with  a  core  objective  to  continue 
to  grow  rough  diamond  output 
and increase its stature as a leading 
diamond mining group.

Petra’s planned growth in production 
will  place  the  Group  in  a  strong 
position to benefit from the positive 
long  term  fundamentals  of  the 
diamond industry.

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Focused on  
cash-generative 
diamond 
production

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 Drive efficie

The Diamond Market

Although  current  economic  uncertainty  may 
continue  to  impact  on  diamond  pricing  in  the 
short term, there is a positive long term outlook 
for  the  rough  diamond  market  due  to  inherent 
production constraints which suggest that supply 
will struggle to keep pace with demand. 

Many of the world’s major diamond mines are in decline and 
cannot maintain previous high levels of output. Whilst some 
new  mines  are  coming  on  stream  in  the  next  few  years, 
there  is  nothing  of  significant  size  to  make  up  for  this 
shortfall and there have been no important new discoveries 
since the early 1990s. 

Meanwhile, demand for diamonds continues to rise, in both 
established  and  new  markets.  The  fastest  growing  new 
consumer markets for diamonds are China and India, both 
of which are recording double digit growth year-on-year.

04

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Market facts:
U  Diamond  market  performed  very  strongly  in  FY  2011  – 
prices  reached  all-time  highs  in  H2;  since  Period  end, 
rough  prices  have  adjusted  downwards  due  to  global 
economic uncertainty

U  Robust  market  underscored  by  firm  retail  demand, 

causing shortfalls in certain categories

U  Liquidity in pipeline continued to improve in FY 2011 and 

added further confidence to rough market

U  Exceptional  growth  seen  in  prices  of  smaller  gem 
diamonds  in  line  with  trend  to  use  them  across  luxury 
goods, especially watches

U  Global diamond jewellery market grew +8% in 2010

U  US  remains  dominant  market  accounting  for  38% 

of worldwide consumption

U  China and India continued exceptional growth in 2010, 

up +25% and +31% in local currency respectively

U  Far  East  (China,  Hong  Kong,  Taiwan,  India  and  Gulf) 
expected to account for ~40% of global demand by 2015

 
         
 
 
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Maximise 
 returns

How we are achieving our objectives

Steadily growing 
annual production, 
with a target of over 
5 million carats 
by FY 2019

»   Acquisition  of  Finsch  mine  –  expected  to  more 
than  double  Petra’s  production  in  its  first  full 
year of operation

»  Petra has built a world-class resource base, which 
forms the bedrock of future production growth

»  Utilise all of the resources under Petra management 

including tailings deposits

Aiming to improve 
operating margins 
at each mine 
over time

»  Programmes  to  deepen  underground  mines  to 
establish new block caves and provide access to 
undiluted ore

»  Focus  on  “value”  as  opposed  to  “volume” 
production – i.e. monitor the market to establish 
the optimal rough diamond size and quality ranges 
to be recovered

»  Optimise plant processing and security to ensure 

recovery of the full spectrum of diamonds 

Maintaining a 
culture of effective 
cost control

»  Contain  costs  on  a  unit  basis  despite 

inflationary  pressures

»  Utilise  in-house  skills  wherever  appropriate 

to execute capex programmes

»  Keep tight control on corporate overhead

Breakdown of global diamond consumer 
demand in 2010 

Rising demand
Strong demand growth opportunities from China and India

Taiwan 2% 

Gulf 8%

India 10%

China/HK 11%

US 38%

Japan 11%

ROW 20%

Source: De Beers 2010 Results — 11 February 2011

Source: Deutsche Bank and Alrosa — “Diamonds set to sparkle” — 19 April 2011

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

05

Overview

Chairman’s Statement

We are working together to further 
establish our status as one of the world’s 
leading diamond mining groups

Summary of Chairman’s Statement

»  Acquisition of Finsch, one of the world’s important 
diamond mines, in line with our strategy to acquire 
long-life assets with substantial diamond resources.

»   Petra is focused on Africa, which is the source of some 
60% of the world’s diamonds by value. We have 
established a significant marketing operation in 
Johannesburg where we sell the bulk of our production.

»   Petra is moving to the next stage of its corporate 

development as we prepare for our step-up from AIM 
to the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange 
in December 2011.

»  The long term outlook for the rough diamond market 

remains positive due to inherent production constraints, 
which suggest that supply will struggle to keep pace 
with demand.

Dear shareholder,
It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  introduce 
Petra’s  2011  Annual  Report  and  to  provide 
an overview of the key highlights of the year. 
This  was  a  period  of  significant  progress 
for  Petra  Diamonds,  which  is  now  firmly 
established  as  London’s 
largest  quoted 
diamond mining company.

to  acquire 

An exceptional growth profile
The  major  milestone  since  my  previous 
Chairman’s  Report 
in  October  2010  was 
undoubtedly  the  acquisition  of  Finsch,  the 
second  largest  diamond  mine  in  South  Africa. 
Finsch is an important diamond producer and its 
addition  to  Petra’s  portfolio  is  in  line  with  our 
strategy 
long-life  assets  with 
substantial diamond resources which can deliver 
strong  cashflows  and  earnings  to  the  Group. 
Petra  was  chosen  by  De  Beers  as  the  winning 
bidder  for  Finsch  in  a  competitive  bidding 
process, a reflection of our strong track record, 
technical capacity and the emphasis we place on 
sustainability. Our focus is to now deliver on our 
core objective to increase Group production to 
over 5 million carats by FY 2019.

Petra was delighted to win several quoted company awards in 2010 and 2011 as recognition 
of the Company’s continued successful development, both from an operational and 
corporate perspective.

“AIM Transaction 
of the Year” – 
(2010 AIM 
Awards)

About the category:
2010 was a highly successful year for Petra, when the Company raised US$120 
million in an equity fundraising, acquired a further 37% of its flagship Cullinan 
mine, completed the acquisition of the Kimberley Underground mines and sold 
the 507 carat Cullinan Heritage diamond for US$35 million, the highest price 
on record for a rough diamond.

Picture shows:
Chairman Adonis Pouroulis accepting the 2010 award. 

“AIM Transaction 
of the Year” – 
(2011 AIM 
Awards)

About the category:
Petra completed the landmark acquisition of the Finsch mine in 2011 for 
US$192 million, further to an equity placing in which the Company raised 
US$325 million. The acquisition was a continuation of Petra’s strategy to build 
a world-class miner, adding an eighth producing mine to the Company’s 
portfolio and consolidating Petra’s position as London’s largest quoted 
diamond mining group.

Picture shows:
Finance Director David Abery accepting the 2011 award.

06

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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Adonis Pouroulis, Chairman

An African success story
Petra is focused on Africa, which is the source 
of  some  60%  of  the  world’s  diamonds  by 
value, and where we have built up a first-rate 
team,  in  terms  of  the  depth  of  its  skill-set 
and  its  experience  in  the  management  of 
diamond mining operations. With a portfolio 
encompassing eight producing mines – seven 
in South Africa and one in Tanzania – as well 
as  a  prospective  exploration  programme  in 
Botswana,  Petra  is  a  significant  employer  on 
the continent, with over 4,600 employees.

We  have  established  a  significant  marketing 
operation in Johannesburg, where we sell the 
bulk  of  our  South  African  production,  and 
have a sales office in Antwerp, where we sell 
production  from  the  Williamson  mine  in 
Tanzania. Due to the quality and growing size 
of  our  output,  which  includes  world-class 
gems such as the 7 carat, flawless, fancy vivid 
blue  “Star  of  Josephine”  and  the  507  carat 
“Cullinan  Heritage”,  we  now  count  many  of 
the world’s foremost manufacturers as regular 
Petra clients, who travel from all over the world 
to South Africa to participate in our tenders. 

We have secured the future for several of Africa’s 
important diamond mines, which are at the heart 
of their local communities. As well as providing 
employment to our workforce, our mines have a 
wider  positive  impact  in  terms  of  stimulating 
social  and  economic  upliftment,  as  outlined 
in  our  annual  Sustainability  Report,  which 
is available on the Petra Diamonds website. 

We see Africa growing in stature on the world 
stage as the continent continues to develop at 
a rapid rate and we are proud that Petra is one 
of its many modern success stories.

Corporate development
Petra  is  moving  to  the  next  stage  of  its 
corporate  development  as  we  prepare  for 
our move from AIM to the Main Market of the 
London  Stock  Exchange  in  December  2011. 
The  Company  joined  AIM  in  1997  and  the 
market has provided an ideal platform for the 
high growth achieved by Petra in recent years. 

line  with  our  continued  corporate 
In 
development,  we  have  today  appointed  two 
independent  Non-Executive  Directors  to  the 
Petra  Board,  Dr  Patrick  Bartlett  and  Gordon 
Hamilton, who both bring a wealth of relevant 
experience  and  expertise  in  the  financial  and 
mining worlds. Following these appointments, 
I  moved  from  Executive  to  Non-Executive 
Chairman,  though  my  commitment  to  Petra 
will,  of  course,  remain  unchanged.  I  very 
much  look  forward  to  working  with  the 
enlarged  Board  and  to  taking  the  Company 
forward after Petra’s step up to the Main Market.

Sadly, I must also mark the loss of long-time 
Petra  Non-Executive  Director  Charles  Segall, 
who passed away in July 2011. Charles was a 
great friend and loyal colleague, who inspired 
all with the enthusiasm he felt for his life and 
work. He will be much missed.

A sparkling outlook
Although  current  economic  uncertainty  may 
continue to impact on diamond pricing in the 
short  term,  the  long  term  outlook  for  the 
rough  diamond  market  remains  positive  due 
to  inherent  production  constraints,  which 
suggest that supply will struggle to keep pace 
with  demand.  Many  of  the  world’s  largest 
diamond mines are now past their peak and 
are  moving  underground  in  order  to  sustain 

the  growth 

their  mine  lives,  meaning  that  they  will  see 
significant  drops  in  production  as  surface 
tonnages  are  curtailed.  At  the  same  time, 
in 
rising  prosperity  and 
consumption from emerging economies such 
as China and India should ensure that demand 
continues to rise, leading many commentators 
to  predict  a  likely  scenario  of  rising  rough 
diamond prices in the medium to long term. 
Petra  is  very  well  placed  to  benefit  from 
these fundamentals.

Partnerships  are  key  to  Petra’s  continued 
success and I would like to especially thank our 
host  Governments  of  South  Africa,  Tanzania 
and  Botswana,  as  well  as  our  main  black 
economic  empowerment  partners,  Sedibeng 
Mining  (Pty)  Ltd,  Umnotho  weSizwe  Group 
(Pty)  Ltd,  Namoise  Mining  (Pty)  Ltd  and  the 
Petra Diamonds Employee Share Trust.

Finally I would like to thank all our employees 
for  the  hard  work  which  is  the  driving  force 
behind  Petra.  We  are  all  aware  that  we  are 
building a truly special Group, but the journey 
often requires extra effort and dedication. We 
have  a  first-rate  team  in  place,  with  an 
emphasis on getting the job done, and we are 
working  together  to  further  establish  our 
status as one of the world’s leading diamond 
mining groups.

Adonis Pouroulis
Non-Executive Chairman
28 November 2011

“Best Investor 
Communications” 
(2011 UK 
Stockmarket 
Awards)

About the category:
This category recognises those companies which have most effectively 
disseminated information to existing and potential shareholders across 
the full range of media – official RNS press releases, their annual report, 
webcasts, their website and via their public relations representative – regarding 
all aspects of their financial performance, strategy and market positioning.

Picture shows:
Corporate Communications Manager Cathy Malins accepting the award.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

07

Business Review

CEO’s Review

The 2011 financial year has seen 
a further remarkable period of 
progression for Petra

Summary of CEO’s Review

»  The Group recorded significant 

revenue growth and a net profit 
after tax of US$59.2 million; agreed 
to acquire the major Finsch mine 
in South Africa from De Beers; 
and significantly strengthened 
its balance sheet.

»  Petra is now following an 
accelerated growth path. 
Our core objective is to deliver 
on our expansion plans and 
we continue to strengthen our 
mine management teams and 
internal skills-set appropriately.

»  The Group’s Lost Time Injury 
Frequency Rate in FY 2011 
was 0.80, an improvement on 
FY 2010’s performance of 1.03 
and demonstrating management’s 
focus on this area across all of 
our operations.

»  We plan to move to the Main 
Market of the London Stock 
Exchange in December 2011 and 
are targeting to enter the FTSE 250.

The  2011  financial  year  (“FY  2011”  or  “the 
Period”)  saw  a  further  remarkable  period  of 
progression for Petra: the Company recorded 
significant  revenue  growth  and  a  net  profit 
after  tax  of  US$59.2  million;  agreed  to 
acquire  the  major  Finsch  mine  in  South  Africa 
from De Beers; and significantly strengthened its 
balance  sheet,  all  set  against  the  backdrop  of 
a healthy rough diamond market.

The acquisition of Finsch completed post year 
end on 14 September 2011 and is a landmark 
development  for  Petra.  Finsch  is  a  long-life, 
major  diamond  producer  which  introduces 
another  flagship  asset  to  complement  and 
balance the Cullinan mine in Petra’s portfolio. 
The acquisition increases the Company’s gross 
resource base to over 300 million carats, which 
is one of the world’s largest diamond resources. 

Petra is now following an accelerated growth 
path. Whereas previously we targeted annual 
production  of  3  million  carats  by  FY  2019, 
the Group is now on track, due to the inclusion 
of  Finsch,  to  reach  over  5  million  carats  by 
FY  2019.  Our  core  objective  is  to  deliver  on 
our  expansion  plans  and  we  continue  to 
strengthen our mine management teams and 
internal skills-set appropriately.

With  regards  to  financing  the  roll-out  of 
the  expansion  plans,  Petra  completed  debt 
facilities  with  IFC  and  RMB  of  approximately 
US$83 million in November 2010. Both banks 
carried  out  detailed  due  diligence  on  Petra; 
the  IFC’s  involvement  is  particularly  notable 
as  it  reflects  the  important  socio-economic 
benefits Petra can bring to the Mwadui area of 
Tanzania by providing a long-term, sustainable 
future for the Williamson mine.

In  order  to  satisfy  the  Finsch  acquisition 
consideration of R1.425 billion (US$192 million 
as at 14 September 2011, when the acquisition 
consideration was settled), Petra completed an 
equity  fundraising  with  new  and  existing 
investors,  raising  £205  million  (approximately 
US$325 million as at 21 January 2011, when 
the  raising  was  completed).  The  Company 
enjoyed a positive response to the fundraising, 
which was significantly oversubscribed, and the 
high quality names on our share register show 
that  Petra  is  supported  by  some  of  the 
UK’s most reputable institutional investors. 

Petra  is  now  London’s  largest  quoted  diamond 
mining group. We have used the AIM market well 
to facilitate our ambitious growth plans, and we 
are  now  preparing  to  develop  the  Company’s 
stature further by stepping up to the Main Market 
of the London Stock Exchange. In line with the 
Company’s  continued  corporate  development, 
we  have  today  appointed  two  independent 
Non-Executive  Directors,  Dr  Patrick  Bartlett  and 
Gordon Hamilton, and we are looking to appoint 
one or more further independent Non-Executive 
Directors  to  the  Board  as  soon  as  is  practicable 
in FY 2012. 

In terms of our safety performance, the Group’s 
Lost  Time  Injury  Frequency  Rate  in  FY  2011 
was  0.80,  an  improvement  on  FY  2010’s 
performance  of  1.03  and  demonstrating 
management’s focus on this area across all of 
our  operations.  It  is  with  deep  regret  that  an 
employee  lost  his  life  in  an  accident  on 
31 January 2011 in an underground production 
section  of  the  Koffiefontein  mine.  No  other 
employees were injured or endangered in the 
incident.  Petra  is  striving  for  a  zero  harm 
environment across all its operations and works 
closely  with  the  relevant  regulatory  bodies 
in  South  Africa,  Tanzania  and  Botswana 
in  order  to  fully  comply  with  all  health  and 
safety legislation.

Visit this report online  
ar11.petradiamonds.com 

08

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Johan Dippenaar, CEO

Petra is London’s largest quoted diamond 
mining group

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Production remained relatively flat for FY 2011 
versus FY 2010 due to:

U   a  strategic  focus  (as  part  of  Petra’s  core 
objective 
revenues)  on 
to  maximise 
“value production” as opposed to “volume 
production”,  which  led  the  Company  to 
raise  the  bottom-cuts  in  the  treatment 
plants  of  the  Cullinan,  Koffiefontein  and 
Kimberley  Underground  mines  during 
FY 2011;

U   the planned stoppage of main pit production 
at  Williamson  whilst  the  expansion  plan 
is underway;

U   the  planned  depletion  of  high  grade  OSP 

tailings material at Cullinan;

U   lower  than  projected  volumes  treated  at 
initial 
Kimberley  Underground  due 
commissioning  difficulties  at 
Joint 
Shaft  plant,  which  have  now  been  largely 
overcome; and

to 
the 

U   unseasonably  heavy  rainfall  –  Petra,  like 
many other mining companies with South 

African  operations,  was  affected  by  the 
very  high  rainfall  levels  during  FY  2011, 
especially where processing wet stockpile 
and tailings material.

Further  information  on  Petra’s  operational 
performance  for  the  year  can  be  found  in 
the individual mine reviews which commence 
on page 12 of this Annual Report.

Outlook
Looking  forward  to  the  coming  financial 
year, we will see a step-change in production 
further to the integration of the Finsch mine. 
We  plan  to  step  up  to  the  Main  Market  of 
the  London  Stock  Exchange  in  December 
2011 and are targeting to enter the FTSE 250, 
further  stimulating  investment  and  liquidity. 
We foresee medium to long term health in the 
diamond  market,  despite  any  short-term 
volatility 
current  economic 
uncertainty,  due  to  the  sound  long-term 
fundamentals  in  place  and  the  continued 
growth in demand from both established and 
emerging markets. 

caused  by 

I would like to extend my thanks to the Petra 
team,  which  encompasses  my  fellow  Board 
members,  our  Senior  Management  team, 
all  of  our  Group  employees  and  our  valued 
Government  and  BEE  partners,  for  the  hard 
work  and  spirit  which 
is  driving  our 
Company forward. 

Petra is focused on excelling in all areas – striving 
to  be  a  “best-in-class”  operator,  a  responsible 
corporate  citizen  and  a  pre-eminent  diamond 
investment  opportunity  –  and  we  believe  that 
we  will  go  on  to  deliver  positive  returns  to  all 
our  stakeholders.

Johan Dippenaar
CEO
28 November 2011

Note:  the Diamond Market and Operational Reviews 
to follow form part of the CEO’s Review.

Production
Combined operations

Sales
Gross revenue  
Diamonds sold  

Production
ROM diamonds  
Tailings and alluvial diamonds  
Total diamonds  

Unit  

FY 2011  

FY 2010  

Variance

US$m  
carats  

carats  
carats  
carats 

220.6 
  1,174,825  

177.71,2 
  1,125,098  

  1,027,609  
90,186  
  1,117,795 

  1,050,874  
113,982  
  1,164,856 

+24%
+4%3

-2%
-21%
+4%

Notes:
1. The revenue for FY 2010 included the sale of the 507 carat Cullinan Heritage diamond for US$35.3 million.
2. Gross revenue for FY 2010 was US$177.7 million; Group revenue for FY 2010 was US$163.7 million due to the partial consolidation of Cullinan during FY 2010.
3. Although overall production fell by 4%; carats sold increased by 4% due to the movement in opening and closing stock levels.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

09

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
The Diamond Market

The Diamond Market

Petra  anticipated  a  positive  outlook  for  the 
diamond industry in FY 2011 and the market did 
indeed perform strongly, with rough prices in all 
categories  increasing  throughout  the  year.  The 
robust  market  was  underscored  by  firm  retail 
demand, particularly from China, India and, to a 
lesser degree, the US.

Rough diamonds produced globally in 2010

133m carats
+6%

Average value per carat mined globally in 2010

US$90
+30%

Source: Kimberley Process Certification Scheme

The table below sets out the tender prices per carat achieved during the Period:

Mine 
Cullinan 

Average price for 
H2 FY 2011 
(US$) 
178 

Average price for 
H1 FY 2011 
(US$) 
120 

Average price for 
FY 2011 
(US$) 
148 

Koffiefontein 
Kimberley Underground 
Fissures 
Williamson 
Note:  the prices above, as in the mine by mine tables to follow, are the average of the mix of ROM and tailings production, as Petra tenders production from each 

564 
333 
244 
302 

470 
285 
192 
264 

756 
355 
289 
314 

mine on a mixed ROM/tailings parcel basis.

10

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Average price for 
FY 2010 
(US$)
141 
(101 excluding the  
Cullinan Heritage)
402
n/a
185
157

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Petra  anticipated  a  positive  outlook  for  the 
diamond industry in FY 2011 and the market 
did indeed perform strongly, with rough prices 
in  all  categories  increasing  throughout  the 
year.  The  robust  market  was  underscored  by 
firm  retail  demand,  particularly  from  China, 
India and, to a lesser degree, the US. 

In  calendar  year  2010,  some  133  million 
carats  of  rough  diamonds  were  produced 
globally,  worth  just  under  US$12  billion 
(Source:  Kimberley  Process  Certification 
Scheme).  This  is  up  around  6%  from  2009’s 
total  of  125  million  carats,  worth  US$8.6 
billion,  with  much  of  the  rise  in  value  being 
attributable  to  a  strong  increase  in  rough 
diamond  prices  from  year  to  year  and  an 
increase  in  production  caused  by  producers 
ramping  up  operations  following  strategic 
shut-downs  during  the  global  economic 
downturn  of 
late  2008/early  2009.  The 
average value per carat mined in 2010 globally 
was US$90 per carat (2009: US$69 per carat).

The  2010  production  level  of  133  million 
carats  remains  below  the  previous  highs 
of  176  million  carats  in  2005  and  2006 
(Source:  Kimberley  Process  Certification 
Scheme)  and  it  is  forecast  to  remain  flat  or 
start  to  decline  in  the  coming  years  as 
new  sources  of  production  cannot  make 
up  for  the  decrease  in  supply  from  the 
world’s  ageing  major  diamond  mines.  It  is 
possible that the world has already seen peak 
diamond production. 

Whilst  supply  to  the  market  is  forecast  to 
remain  constrained,  demand  for  diamonds 
continues to rise in both established and new 
markets  as  global  wealth  and  consumer 
spending  increase.  De  Beers  calculates  that 
the  global  diamond  jewellery  market  grew 
by  over  8%  in  2010,  whilst  the  US,  which 
remains  the  largest  single  consumer  market 
for  diamonds  with  around  38%  of  global 
demand, grew by over 7% in 2010. Demand 
in  emerging  markets  grew  at  substantially 
fastest  growing  new 
higher 
consumer  markets  for  diamonds  are  China 
and  India,  both  of  which  recorded  double 
digit growth in 2010, up over 25% and 31% 
in  local  currency  respectively.  These  markets 
rapid 
are  predicted 
expansion,  accounting  for  more  than  50% 
of incremental growth over the next five years, 
and the Far East (China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, 
India  and  the  Gulf)  is  expected  to  eventually 
account for around 40% of global demand by 
2015 (source: De Beers).

to  continue 

rates.  The 

their 

As far as Petra’s tender results are concerned, 
prices rose steadily from October 2010 to the 
end of FY 2011.

Since July 2011, the industry has seen rough 
diamond  prices  adjust  downwards  from  the 
June  2011  highs.  Petra  (along  with  many 
other  industry  participants)  is  confident  that 
prices will stabilise in the near future, although 
the Company does not expect to see the price 
highs of June 2011 for some time.

The  long  term  fundamentals  of  the  market 
remain  strong.  Positive  results  from  industry 
bellwethers Tiffany’s and Signet demonstrate 
that  consumer  demand  remains  robust. 
In  China  and  India,  many  new  diamond 
jewellery  stores  need  inventory  and  this  is 
driving  a  large  portion  of  the  wholesale 
demand. Investment demand for diamonds is 
also rising, given their appeal as a hard asset 
investment  class,  and  several  new  physical 
diamond  investment  funds  launched  during 
the Period. Global economic uncertainty may, 
however,  continue  to  cause  some  volatility 
in rough pricing in the short term.

Petra  sells  the  majority  of  its  South  African 
production in Johannesburg and its Tanzanian 
production  in  Antwerp.  Many  of  the  world’s 
foremost  manufacturers  are  regular  Petra 
clients  and  interest  is  expected  to  increase 
further  now  that  the  Finsch  production  is 
incorporated  into  the  Group.  Petra  manages 
all  of  its  sales  internally  and  has  recently 
expanded its marketing team to manage the 
level  of  activity  further  to  the  completion  of 
the  Finsch  acquisition,  which  is  expected  to 
add ca. 125,000 carats per month to Petra’s 
output after an initial bedding down period. 

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2010 showing global production by volume and by value
Source: Kimberley Process Certification Scheme

By volume (carats)

By value (US$)

Other 23% 

Other 16% 

Canada 9%

South Africa 10%

Congo, Democratic 
Republic of  
15%

Russian  
Federation  
26%

Angola 8%

South Africa 15%

Botswana  
17%

Canada 
19%

Botswana  
22%

Russian  
Federation  
20%

Total = 133.1 million

Total = US$12.0 billion

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

11

 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review

Cullinan: At a Glance

Cullinan  is  renowned  as  an  important  source 
of  large  and  high  value  Type  II  diamonds  and 
in  its  history  has  produced  four  of  the  world’s 
top 20 high quality large diamonds, 745 stones 
of  +100  carats  and  more  than  a  quarter  of  all 
diamonds  +400  carats.  In  FY  2011,  11  stones 
from  Cullinan  each  sold  for  in  excess  of 
US$1  million;  such  stones  are  regarded  as  a 
regular feature of Cullinan’s production profile.

Performance summary:
»   The average value per carat at Cullinan was US$148 for FY 2011, 
up 47% in comparison to the US$101 achieved in FY 2010 (after 
adjusting for the sale of the Cullinan Heritage for US$35 million).

»   Cullinan performed well in terms of throughput, with total tonnages 

treated (ROM and tailings) exceeding expectations. 

»   Expansion programme at the mine to take annual production 

to 2.4 Mcts by FY 2019.

»   Capex at Cullinan increased to US$33.9 million for the Period.

12

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Revenue contribution:

64%

Revenue

US$140.2m 
+10%

14%

Diamonds sold

944,405 carats
+4%

Average price per carat

US$148 
+5%

 8%

 4%

The average value per carat (ROM and tailings 
combined)  at  Cullinan  was  US$148  for 
FY  2011,  up  47%  in  comparison  to  the 
US$101  achieved  in  FY  2010  (being  the 
average for FY 2010 of US$141 after adjusting 
for the sale of the 507 carat Cullinan Heritage 
for US$35 million). 

Cullinan is renowned as an important source of 
large and high value Type II diamonds and in its 
history has produced four of the world’s top 20 
high quality large diamonds, 745 stones of +100 
carats and more than a quarter of all diamonds 
+400 carats. In FY 2011, 11 stones from Cullinan 
each  sold  for  in  excess  of  US$1  million;  such 
stones  are  regarded  as  a  regular  feature  of 
Cullinan’s production profile.

Cullinan performed well in terms of throughput, 
with total tonnages treated (ROM and tailings) 
exceeding expectations. ROM grade of 36.6 cpht 
was approximately 6% lower than the prior year 
of 38.9 cpht, due to:

U   an  increase  of  the  bottom-cut  for  slimes 
discard  from  0.8mm  to  1.3mm  (partially 
contributing  to  the  increased  average 
value per carat achieved); and

U   the far higher than average rainfall experienced 
in  many  parts  of  South  Africa,  including 
Cullinan,  which 
in  ore-handling 
results 
difficulties  relating  to  the  clay,  mud  and 
moisture content of the ore.

ROM grade at Cullinan is expected to remain 
under pressure whilst production continues to 
be from the mature areas of the mine, due to 
the  significant  dilution  of  the  ore  drawn  in 
these  older  production  zones.  However,  the 
grade is forecast  to rise to  50  cpht once the 

FY 2011 – gross numbers

Sales 
Revenue 
Diamonds sold 
Average price per carat 
ROM production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Tailings production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Total production 
Tonnes treated 
Diamonds recovered 
Costs 
On-mine cost per tonne 
Total capex 

new cave is established from FY 2015 onwards 
as part of the C-Cut development programme 
on the 830m level and undiluted ore is mined 
and treated.

tailings 

throughput 

Although 
increased 
significantly  to  575,605t  during  the  Period, 
carats produced from tailings dropped by 49% 
to 44,246 carats as the high grade OSP tailings 
dump was depleted as planned in the preceding 
year.  The  Company  is  now  processing  the 
regular  tailings  material.  The  tailings  grade  of 
7.7 cpht achieved for the Period is expected to 
rise  to  approximately  10  cpht  from  FY  2012, 
once a re-crush system of material larger than 
6mm has been incorporated into the operation.

Despite  South  African  cost  pressures,  unit 
costs per tonne at Cullinan decreased by 2% 
due to increased volumes and other initiatives 
to mitigate cost pressures. Longer term, once 
the  development  plan  has 
significantly 
progressed,  further  unit  cost  efficiencies  are 
expected  to  be  driven  by  initiatives  such  as 
a simplified ore-handling system underground 
and further streamlining of the plant.

Development plan update
Cullinan contains a world-class resource base 
of 203.7 Mcts (including 16.9 Mcts in tailings), 
and the Company is planning to capitalise on 
this by undertaking an expansion programme 
at the mine to take annual production to 2.4 
Mcts by FY 2019 (comprising 2.0 Mcts ROM 
and 0.4 Mcts tailings). This expansion plan will 
eventually  access  the  first  portions  of  the 
major  C-Cut  resource  (estimated  to  contain 
some 133.1 Mcts) and will also involve a large 
tailings operation.

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The  C-Cut  development  programme  at 
Cullinan is on track to access a new block cave 
which will produce at a rate of 2.0 Mcts per 
annum  for  around  16  years.  The  decline  to 
access  the  new  production  level  has  passed 
the  839m  level  below  surface,  with  the 
breakaway for the 830m undercut level having 
been established. Tenders have been received for 
shaft  deepening  (and  related  infrastructure)  to 
930m  below  surface  and  the  award  of  this 
contract is imminent.

Petra  is  currently  investigating  the  addition 
of  a  decline  on  the  northern  side  of  the  pit 
which  has  the  potential  to  fast-track  the 
kimberlite development of the new block cave 
and subsequent production build-up.

Whilst the C-Cut development programme is 
underway, Petra has established new drawpoints 
in both the BB1E and AUC South sections of the 
Cullinan  pipe.  This  will  allow  the  Company  to 
draw  from  these  production  areas  to  maintain 
volumes and manage the grade whilst the new 
block cave is established in the C-Cut. 

Capex  at  Cullinan  increased  to  US$33.9  million 
for  the  Period,  predominantly  applied  to  the 
underground  development  work,  the  continued 
upgrading of the plant and the new underground 
fleet equipment. 

Petra  continues  to  ramp  up  a  major  tailings 
operation at Cullinan to treat the 165 Mt tailings 
deposit  and  a  new  modular,  tailings  plant  is 
currently  under  construction.  The  Company 
plans  to  treat  1  Mt  of  tailings  in  FY  2012, 
gradually increasing to ca. 4 Mt from FY 2014.

Unit 

US$m 
carats 
US$ 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
carats 

ZAR 
US$m 

FY 2011 

FY 2010 

140.2 
944,405 
148 

  2,323,403 
36.6 
851,193 

575,605 
7.7 
44,246 

127.0 
903,861 
141 

  2,160,907 
38.9 
841,293 

248,380 
34.9 
86,638 

  2,899,008 
895,439 

  2,409,287 
927,931 

164 
33.9 

167 
20.4 

Variance

+10%
+4%
+5%

+8%
-6%
+1%

+132%
-78%
-49%

+20%
-4%

-2%
n/a

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review Continued

Finsch: At a Glance

Purchase consideration

US$192m 

Major reserves and resources contribution

43.7 Mcts

Initial annual production contribution

1.5 Mctpa

+45 carat stones
Average of 27 stones of 
+45 carats recovered per 
annum over the last four years

Finsch is one of the world’s major diamond mines 
and  is  expected  to  more  than  double  Petra’s 
annual  production  (steady  state),  contributing 
ca. 1.5 Mctpa initially to Group production, rising 
to nearly 2 Mctpa by FY 2018. 

Highlights:
»   Acquisition completed on 14 September 2011 and Petra assumed 

management immediately.

»   Finsch contributes a major resource base to the Group of 43.7 Mcts, 

including 25.8 Mcts in the reserve category.

»   Petra’s current mine plan forecasts initial diamond production 
of approximately 1.5 Mctpa in its first full year of ownership.

»   Petra foresees a long life for the operation and has a current mine 

plan of 18 years, though the orebody remains open-ended at depth.

»   Capex over the next six years for the underground and infrastructure 

development programme is estimated to be approximately 
US$348 million (in 2011 money terms).

14

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

A further flagship mine for Petra
In  January  2011,  Petra  announced  that  it 
(together  with  its  empowerment  partners) 
had  entered  into  an  agreement  to  acquire 
the Finsch diamond mine in South Africa from 
De  Beers  Consolidated  Mines  (“DBCM”)  for 
R1.425  billion.  The  acquisition  completed 
on 14 September 2011 and as the mine was 
acquired  as  a  going  concern,  Petra  assumed 
management (including production, revenues 
and cashflow) immediately.

location  affords 

Rationale for the acquisition
Finsch offers a seamless fit with Petra’s current 
operations  in  South  Africa.  As  the  asset  is 
situated  approximately  165km  north-west  of 
regional 
the 
Kimberley, 
operational  management 
synergies  with 
Petra’s Koffiefontein, Kimberley Underground 
and  Sedibeng 
(fissure)  operations.  The 
addition  of  another  major  mine  to  Petra’s 
portfolio  also  serves  to  increase  the  Group’s 
critical  mass,  with  numerous  benefits  across 
areas such as the sharing of technical expertise, 
in 
personnel  and  economies  of 
procurement.  Petra  will 
its 
experience  of  extracting  optimal  value  from 
previous acquisitions.

scale 
leverage  off 

Finsch mine plan
The  Finsch  orebody  is  mined  using  the 
high  volume,  low  cost  block-cave  mining 
technique,  also  used  at  Petra’s  Cullinan  and 
Kimberley Underground operations. Mining at 
Finsch  is  currently  taking  place  in  Block  4  of 
the  orebody  at  a  depth  of  630m.  Finsch 
currently mines approximately 3.2 Mtpa from 
Block 4 at a current grade of over 35 cpht. The 
Block 4 cave is towards the end of its life and 
is expected to be depleted by FY 2015.

levels 

Subsequent  to  the  depletion  of  Block  4, 
underground  production  will  be  derived 
principally  from  Block  5,  a  new  block  cave 
beneath the current operations. Petra intends 
to  maintain 
from 
production 
underground  during  the  transition  from 
the  Block  4  cave  to  the  Block  5  cave  by 
developing  smaller  sub-level  caves  within 
the  Precursor  orebody 
(adjacent  to  the 
main  orebody)  at  Block  4  level  and  within 
Block  5  itself.  By  so  doing,  Petra  expects  to 
levels 
maintain  underground  production 
at  approximately  3.2  Mtpa,  ramping  up  to 
around 3.5 Mtpa by FY 2018 once the Block 5 
cave is fully operational.

retreatment.  Finsch 

Underground  production  is  supported  by 
tailings 
is  currently 
treating  the  Pre-1979  tailings,  which  have 
a  recovered  grade  of  approximately  19  cpht. 
The  Pre-1979  tailings  are  expected  to  be 
treated  at  a  rate  of  approximately  3.5  Mtpa 
until depleted in FY 2015. Thereafter, tailings 
from  later  mining  operations,  which  carry  a 
lower grade of approximately 10 cpht, remain 
available  for  treatment.  It  is  expected  that 
tailings production will cease in FY 2020.

of 

production 

Petra’s  current  mine  plan  forecasts  initial 
diamond 
approximately 
1.5 Mctpa (comprising approximately 900,000 
carats  from  underground  and  600,000  carats 
from  tailings)  in  its  first  full  financial  year  of 
ownership, increasing with the commencement 
of the Block 5 cave to a steady state production 
of nearly 2 Mctpa. Given the major resource of 
43.7 Mcts at Finsch (including 25.8 Mcts in the 
reserve category and 2.5 Mcts in tailings), Petra 
foresees a long life for the operation and has a 
current  mine  plan  of  18  years,  though  the 
orebody remains open-ended at depth.

For  planning  purposes,  Petra  had  originally 
assumed  an  average  of  US$135  per  carat 
for  ROM  production  and  US$80  per  carat 
for 
subsequently 
upgraded  its  medium  term  price  expectations 
to US$180 per carat for ROM and US$95 per 
carat for tailings.

tailings.  Management 

Whilst  diamond  prices  have  fallen  from  the 
highs  of  June  2011  when  management 
upgraded its medium term price expectations, 
management  remains  confident  that  when 
the  rough  diamond  market  recovers,  its 
medium term price expectations for Finsch will 
be comfortably achieved.

Financing
The  purchase  consideration  for  Finsch  of 
R1.425  billion  (US$192  million)  was  settled 
out of Petra’s internal cash resources, further 
to  the  equity  placing  in  January  2011  which 
raised £205 million (ca. US$325 million). 

Petra  has  fully  funded  the  BEE  partners’  26% 
share of the acquisition consideration via loans, 
which will be repaid by the BEE partners from 
their share of future Finsch cashflows. 

The  capex  over  the  next  six  years  for  the 
underground  and 
infrastructure  development 
programme  is  estimated  to  be  approximately 
US$348 million (in 2011 money terms, assuming a 
constant  exchange  rate  of  R6.75:US$1)  and  is 
expected to be financed from a combination of the 
Group’s debt facilities and operational cashflow.

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Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

15

 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review Continued

Koffiefontein: At a Glance

Koffiefontein 
is  one  of  the  world’s  top 
kimberlite  mines  by  average  value  per  carat, 
achieving  US$564  for  FY  2011,  up  40%  on  the 
comparative  period  despite  the  fact  that  the 
overall average was to some extent reduced by 
the  higher  proportion  of  lower  value  tailings 
production in the total sales mix.

64%

Revenue contribution:

14%

Performance summary:
»   Post-Period end, a six carat pink diamond from Koffiefontein was sold 

for US$601,000. 

»   The high average value per carat achieved in FY 2011 caused revenue 

at Koffiefontein to rise by 35%.

Revenue

US$30.8m 
 8%
+35%

»   Reduced underground production was mainly due to a greater than 

Diamonds sold

expected level of waste ingress in the current mining areas.

»   Unit costs per tonne improved during the Period due to the higher 

volumes of lower cost tailings tonnages processed. 

54,640 carats
-4%

Average price per carat

US$564 
+40%

 4%

16

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Koffiefontein 
is  one  of  the  world’s  top 
kimberlite  mines  by  average  value  per  carat, 
achieving US$564 for FY 2011, up 40% on the 
comparative  period  despite  the  fact  that  the 
overall  average  has  to  some  extent  been 
reduced  by  the  higher  proportion  of  lower 
value tailings production in the total sales mix.

Post-Period  end,  a  six  carat  pink  diamond 
from Koffiefontein was sold for US$601,000, 
illustrating  the  exceptional  fancy  pinks  that 
this mine can produce.

The  high  average  value  per  carat  achieved 
in  FY  2011  caused  revenue  at  Koffiefontein 
to  rise  by  35%  to  US$30.8  million  for  the 
Period,  despite  the  fall  in  production.  ROM 
production  for  the  year  was  35,139  carats 
(H1  FY  2011:  27,390  carats;  H2  FY  2011: 
7,749  carats).  Tailings  production  was 
12,817  carats  for  the  Period  (H1  FY  2011: 
7,110 carats; H2 FY 2011: 5,707 carats).

The  reduced  underground  production  at 
Koffiefontein was mainly due to a greater than 
expected level of waste ingress from the remnant 
columns  at  48  Level  resulting  in revised  plans 
and  reduced  extraction  in  H2.  The  tonnage 
shortfalls  at  Koffiefontein  were  exacerbated 
by  the  production  stoppages,  remedial  actions 
and retraining at the mine following the fatality 
in January 2011. Production at the high grade 

FY 2011 – gross numbers

Sales 
Revenue 
Diamonds sold 
Average price per carat 
ROM production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Tailings/Ebenhaezer production  
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Total production 
Tonnes treated 
Diamonds recovered 
Costs 
On-mine cost per tonne 
Total capex 

52  Recovery  Level  was  interrupted  for  most 
of H2 FY 2011 as a result.

the  waste 

ingress  and 

Whilst 
reduced 
production  from  52  Level  have  significantly 
affected  the  ROM  grade  at  Koffiefontein 
(3.1  cpht  in  H2  FY  2011  as  compared  to 
5.9  cpht  in  H1  FY  2011),  the  development 
work  to  access  high  grade  ore  at  the  58 
Level  front  cave  has  been  expedited  and 
cave  initiation  is  planned  for  H2  FY  2013. 
As  at  Cullinan,  Petra’s  development  plan  at 
Koffiefontein  will  eventually  establish  new 
production  levels  where  the  Company  will 
have access to fresh, undiluted ore. Once this 
has  been  achieved,  in  the  longer  term  Petra 
expects  the  overall  grade  at  Koffiefontein  to 
improve to ca. 8 cpht, but it is expected that 
lower grades will be reported until FY 2014.

Unit costs per tonne improved during the Period 
due to the higher volumes of lower cost tailings 
tonnages processed.

Development plan update
Petra is well advanced in the establishment of 
an expansion plan at Koffiefontein and annual 
production  is  expected  to  exceed  1  Mtpa  in 
approximately three years and reach 1.2 Mtpa 
in approximately five years. This will deliver over 
100,000 carats per annum (ROM and tailings) 
by FY 2017. 

Capex  of  US$11.0  million  for  the  Period  was 
mostly  spent  on  underground  development 
and mining equipment.

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To  give  operational  flexibility,  Petra  has 
recommenced  production  at  the  satellite 
is  an  open-cast 
Ebenhaezer  pipe,  which 
operation at a maximum depth of 35m and with 
a surface area of five hectares. The Company will 
use  tonnages  from  Ebenhaezer  to  augment  the 
capacity of the plant at Koffiefontein.

The  ramping  up  of  the  tailings  programme 
at  Koffiefontein  is  now  complete,  with  the 
Company  reaching  its  targeted  throughput 
tailings material.

Unit 

US$m 
carats 
US$ 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
carats 

ZAR 
US$m 

FY 2011 

30.8 
54,640 
564 

712,988 
4.9 
35,139 

675,147 
1.9 
12,817 

FY 2010 

22.8 
56,707 
402 

884,058 
6.0 
53,026 

243,714 
3.0 
7,234 

  1,388,135 
47,956 

  1,127,772 
60,260 

115 
11.0 

123 
4.6 

Variance

+35%
-4%
+40%

-19%
-18%
-34%

+177%
-36%
+77%

+23%
-20%

-7%
n/a

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review Continued

Kimberley Underground: At a Glance

64%

14%

FY 2011 marked the first full year for Kimberley 
Underground under Petra management, following 
completion  of  the  acquisition  in  May  2010. 
The  Company  was  particularly  encouraged  by 
the prices achieved for Kimberley Underground 
production,  with  the  average  per  carat  of 
US$333 for the Period considerably exceeding 
initial expectations.

Revenue contribution:

 8%

Performance summary:
»   Kimberley Underground comprises three kimberlite pipe mines: 

Bultfontein, Dutoitspan and Wesselton.

»   The slimes and tailings disposal difficulties were largely addressed 

during the Period and tonnages processed increased in H2.

Revenue

US$18.2m
 4%

»   Petra has constructed a new plant at Joint Shaft to service the 

Diamonds sold

Bultfontein and Dutoitspan pipes.

»   Petra announced a revised business plan for processing at Wesselton 
at the time of the Company’s full year Trading Update in July 2011.

»   Production ramping up to 150,000 ctpa by FY 2013.

54,733 carats

Average price per carat

US$333 

18

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

FY 2011 marked the first full year for Kimberley 
Underground  under  Petra  management, 
following  completion  of  the  acquisition  in 
May  2010.  The  Company  was  particularly 
encouraged  by 
for 
Kimberley  Underground  production,  with  the 
average  of  US$333  per  carat  for  the  Period 
considerably exceeding initial expectations.

the  prices  achieved 

The  Kimberley  Underground  operation 
comprises 
three  kimberlite  pipe  mines: 
Bultfontein and Dutoitspan (serviced by Joint 
Shaft  and  the  newly  built  Joint  Shaft  plant) 
and  Wesselton  (serviced  by  the  Wesselton 
Shaft,  though  currently  without  processing 
facility).  A  substantial  stockpile  of  ore, 
estimated  to  be  0.3  Mt,  has  been  built 
up  on  surface  at  Wesselton  whilst  no 
processing facility has been available.

The slimes and tailings disposal difficulties with 
the  new  plant  at  Joint  Shaft  were  largely 
addressed  during  H2  FY  2011  and  tonnages 
processed  increased  from  176,527  in  H1 
FY  2011  to  267,128  in  H2  FY  2011.  At  the 
current  bottom-cut  discard  size  of  2mm, 
the grade is expected to revert to the planned 
14 cpht during FY 2012 as the oversize circuit 
has  now  been  brought 
into  production. 
The  Joint  Shaft  plant  is  expected  to  deliver 
approximately 80,000 carats for FY 2012.

Petra  announced  a  revised  business  plan  for 
processing  at  Wesselton  at  the  time  of  the 
Company’s full year Trading Update in July 2011, 

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which  involves  a  combination  of  a  mobile  pan 
plant  together  with  a  new  plant  (similar 
to  that  constructed  at  Joint  Shaft).  The 
mobile  pan  plant  operation 
is  currently 
being  commissioned  and  is  expected  to 
process some 40,000 tpm. Subsequently, the 
main  plant  at  Wesselton  is  expected  to  be 
commissioned  in  April  2012  and  will  treat 
a further 40,000 tpm. Wesselton is expected 
to  contribute  approximately  50,000  carats 
during FY 2012.

Unit costs of approximately R191 per tonne were 
negatively  impacted  by  reduced  throughput. 
Management expects the unit costs to improve 
once the Wesselton plant is fully operational.

Of  the  US$13  million  capex,  approximately 
US$9.5  million  was  spent  on  improvements 
to  the  Joint  Shaft  treatment  plant.  A  further 
US$3.5 million was applied to the acquisition 
of adjacent land, buildings and infrastructure 
relating to water reticulation and slimes handling 
facilities (by assuming a rehabilitation guarantee).

FY 2011 – gross numbers

Sales 
Revenue 
Diamonds sold 
Average price per carat 
Total production (all ROM) 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Costs 
On-mine cost per tonne2 
Total capex 

Unit 

US$m 
carats 
US$ 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

ZAR 
US$m 

FY 2011 

18.2 
54,733 
333 

443,655 
12.9 
57,402 

191 
13.0 

FY 20101 

Variance

n/a 
n/a 
n/a 

9,141 
14.9 
1,362 

n/a 
10.2 

n/a
n/a
n/a

n/a
n/a
n/a

n/a
n/a

Notes: 
1. The acquisition of Kimberley Underground completed in May 2010 and therefore comparable FY 2010 results are not available.
2. On-mine cash costs exclude costs assigned to ROM stockpiles. 

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review Continued

Williamson: At a Glance

64%

14%

 8%

The  rebuild  of  the  original  plant  at  Williamson 
has  progressed  well.  As  previously  announced, 
Petra  revisited  its  plans  with  regards  to  this 
plant, deciding to carry out an enhanced rebuild 
rather  than  a  lower  key  refurbishment.  The 
rebuilt  plant  is  expected  to  be  in  production  in 
Q3  FY  2012.  It  is  anticipated  that  this  3  Mtpa 
plant  will  treat  approximately  0.5  to  0.9  Mt 
in FY 2012, at an expected grade of 6 cpht. 

Revenue contribution:

 4%

Performance summary:
»   No treatment of main pit material at Williamson in FY 2011, 
as the project to rebuild the 3 Mtpa plant was underway. 

»   Contract mining of alluvial diamonds recovered 29,510 carats, 

sold for an average value of US$302.

Revenue

US$9.5m 
-34%

»   The ROM stockpile at Williamson increased to approximately 

Diamonds sold

900,000 tonnes, estimated to contain in excess of 45,000 carats.

»   Rebuild of the original plant at Williamson progressed well and 

it is expected to be in production in Q3 FY 2012.

31,555 carats
-66%

Average price per carat

US$302 
+92%

20

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

There was no treatment of main pit material 
at  Williamson  in  FY  2011,  as  the  project  to 
rebuild  the  3  Mtpa  plant  was  underway. 
Contract  mining  of  alluvial  diamonds 
recovered 29,510 carats, sold for an average 
value  of  US$302.  Alluvial  production 
is 
expected  to  be  lower  in  FY  2012  due  to 
the depletion of available alluvial gravels.

The ROM stockpile at Williamson, which has been 
established  by  Petra  due  to  the  pit-shaping 
operations, increased to approximately 900,000 
tonnes as at 30 June 2011, estimated to contain 
in excess of 45,000 carats.

Development plan update
The rebuild of the original plant at Williamson 
has progressed well. As previously announced, 
Petra  revisited  its  plans  with  regards  to  this 
plant,  deciding  to  carry  out  an  enhanced 
rebuild rather than a lower key refurbishment. 
in 
The  rebuilt  plant 
production  in  Q3  FY  2012.  It  is  anticipated 
that this 3 Mtpa plant will treat approximately 
0.5  to  0.9  Mt  in  FY  2012,  at  an  expected 
grade of 6 cpht. 

is  expected  to  be 

Capex  at  Williamson  of  US$36.6  million 
(including  US$0.8  million  borrowing  costs 
capitalised) was spent as follows:

U 

U 

 US$18.8  million  on  the  rebuild  of  the 
3 Mtpa plant; and

 US$17 million on other production related 
activities, 
including  pit  shaping/shale 
removal, haul road construction and slime 
handling facilities.

FY 2011 – gross numbers

Sales 
Revenue 
Diamonds sold 
Average price per carat 
ROM production
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Alluvial production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Total production 
Tonnes treated 
Diamonds recovered 
Costs 
Cash cost per tonne1 
Total capex 

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These electricity supply issues have also meant 
that  the  Company  is  revisiting  the  timing  of 
the longer-term expansion project, where the 
Company has previously announced that it is 
planning  to  establish  a  10  Mtpa  operation. 
Further information will follow in due course 
when the Company has completed its analysis, 
including the revised timing of the roll-out of 
the new plant. 

Over  recent  months,  there  have  been  power 
supply issues in Tanzania which have impacted 
upon  likely  power  supply  to  the  mine.  The 
Government  of  Tanzania  is  addressing  these 
the  Company 
issues  and 
power  supply 
continues  to  monitor  the  situation  carefully. 
Due to these power disruptions that have been 
experienced  on  mine,  orders  were  placed  for 
generators that will provide sufficient power to 
run  the  3  Mtpa  plant.  The  anticipated 
production for FY 2012 is therefore lower than 
the guidance given in Petra’s Trading Update of 
19  July  2011  as  the  planned  start-up  of  the 
rebuilt  plant  has  been  deferred  until  the 
standby electricity is available.

Unit 

US$m 
carats 
US$ 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
carats 

US$m 
US$m 

FY 20111 

9.5 
31,555 
302 

n/a 
n/a 
n/a 

530,689 
5.6 
29,510 

530,689 
29,510 

n/a 
36.6 

FY 20101 

14.4 
91,901 
157 

  1,334,656 
6.3 
84,241 

423,665 
4.0 
16,830 

  1,758,321 
101,071 

n/a 
11.6 

Variance

-34%
-66%
+92%

n/a
n/a
n/a

+25%
+40%
+75%

-70%
-71%

n/a
n/a

Note: 
1.  During FY 2010 the mine was in a bulk sampling phase and in FY 2011 the mine results represent alluvial production only; neither period reflects conditions associated 

with normal production.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

CEO’s Review
Operational Review Continued

Fissure Mines: (Helam, Sedibeng, Star)

Helam and Sedibeng put in a strong 
performance  for  the  Period,  with 
revenue for the Fissures unit as a 
whole up 62% to US$21.8 million 
and overall production up 18% to 
87,488 carats. The average value 
per carat achieved also increased 
32% to US$244.

Revenue

US$21.8m 
+62%

Diamonds sold

89,491 carats
+23%

Average price per carat

US$244 
+32%

For FY 2012, Petra expects a similar level of combined production across the fissure portfolio to FY 2011.

At Star, where operations are challenging, a disappointing performance was recorded for the year, as reflected in the impairment charge noted 
in the financial review on page 29.

Unit costs remained flat despite cost pressures specifically relating to electricity and labour. The majority of the US$5.2 million capex was spent 
on continuing underground development across the fissure mines, including a head gear installation at Sedibeng’s Dancarl shaft.

Fissure mines  
FY 2011 – gross numbers

Sales 
Revenue 
Diamonds sold 
Average price per carat 
ROM production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Tailings production 
Tonnes treated 
Grade 
Diamonds recovered 
Total production 
Tonnes treated 
Diamonds recovered 
Costs 
On-mine cost per tonne 
Total capex 

Unit 

US$m 
carats 
US$ 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
cpht 
carats 

tonnes 
carats 

ZAR 
US$m 

FY 2011 

21.8 
89,491 
244 

183,506 
45.7 
83,876 

52,389 
6.9 
3,612 

235,895 
87,488 

684 
5.21 

FY 2010 

13.5 
72,629 
185 

168,840 
42.0 
70,950 

30,640 
10.7 
3,282 

199,480 
74,232 

669 
2.5 

Variance

+62%
+23%
+32%

+9%
+9%
+18%

+71%
-36%
+10%

+18%
+18%

+2%
n/a

Note: 
1.  Capex for the fissure mines was US$5.2 million; a further US$11.0 million capex spend was incurred in respect of the Helam projects manufacturing facility for equipment 

under construction that had not yet been invoiced to the respective Petra Group operation.

22

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration:

Kalahari Diamonds:
Exploration programme in Botswana

Best  address 
diamond exploration

in  the  world 

for 

»   Botswana is world’s largest producer 

of diamonds by value

»   Petra has one of the largest diamond 
in 

land  holdings 

exploration 
the country

Botswana – Kalahari Diamonds
Petra’s  exploration  activity 
is  focused  on 
Botswana, which is considered to be one of the 
best  addresses  in  the  world  for  diamond 
exploration, given its stability, its attractive fiscal 
regime and its superb geological prospectivity. 

During FY 2011, large tracts of well-explored 
ground  that  had  come  to  the  end  of  their 
seven year licence tenure were relinquished, 
resulting  in  a  total  current  landholding  of 
some 22,250km2, which is one of the largest 
diamond exploration holdings in the country.

Geophysical  ground  follow-up  and  Heavy 
Mineral  Analysis  of  46  high  priority  targets 
selected  from  High  Resolution  Airborne 
Magnetic data were completed across Petra’s 
various  project  areas.  At  the  end  of  the 
Period,  six  targets  had  been  drilled  as  part 
of an ongoing exploration drilling campaign 
– no additional kimberlites were discovered.

In  addition,  a  4,500  line  km  Xcalibur  HiRes 
Airborne  Magnetic  Gradiometer  survey  was 
successfully  commissioned  and  conducted 
over  historical  kimberlite  indicator  mineral 
recoveries  in  the  Kukama  East  project  area. 
The  application  of  Xcalibur  Airborne 
Geophysics’  horizontal  gradient  magnetic 
acquisition  system  remains  Petra’s  primary 

exploration  tool  to  be  utilised  in  clearly 
defined  areas  of  interest  and  a  22,000  line 
km  survey  covering  newly  acquired  ground 
is planned.

Delineation/evaluation  drilling  (five  boreholes, 
the 
totalling  1,730m)  undertaken  on 
diamondiferous KX36 kimberlite discovered last 
year was completed by Period end. All boreholes 
were  surveyed  (directional)  and  a  down-hole 
geophysical  wireline  logging  programme  was 
successfully  completed.  Following  detailed 
lithological  logging  of  all  drillcore  retrieved, 
samples were submitted for petrographic and 
micro-diamond  analyses.  All  results  (expected 
early  FY  2012)  will  be  used  to  update  the 
(Gemcom)  model 
existing  3D  geological 
to  assist  with  the  calculation  of  material 
volumes and a preliminary grade estimate. 

Significant  progress  has  also  been  made 
with  both  the  geophysical  and  geological 
3D  modelling  of  the  portion  of  kimberlite 
BK1S discovered on Petra ground adjoining 
the Damtshaa Mining Licence in mid-2008. 
Results  will  be  used  for  the  calculation  of 
material  volumes  for  the  portion  of  the 
kimberlite  body  BK1  that  falls  outside  the 
Debswana  Mining  Lease  and  within  Petra’s 
prospecting licence. 

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»   Current landholding of 22,250km²

Kalahari Diamonds Limited is a diamond 
exploration  company  that  has  been 
active in Botswana since 2002.

Initially formed to explore for diamonds 
under an exploration alliance with BHP 
Billiton,  it  has  achieved  considerable 
success  under  Petra’s  management  as 
evidenced by the discovery of five new 
kimberlites since 2006.

Kalahari Diamonds holds its exploration 
licences in Botswana through its wholly 
owned  subsidiary  Sekaka  Diamonds 
(Pty) Ltd (“Sekaka Diamonds”). 

The  map  on  the  right  shows  Sekaka 
Diamonds’  current  landholding  in 
Botswana (as at 30 June 2011).

Map showing Petra’s current landholding 

in Botswana (as at 30 June 2011).

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

23

 
Business Review

Reserves and Resources

The Petra Group controls one 
of the largest diamond resources 
in the world

Petra  controls  one  of  the  world’s  largest 
diamond  resources  and  the  consolidation  of 
this major carat base has been a key strategic 
objective  for  the  Group.  Taking  into  account 
the rough diamond supply/demand imbalance 
which  is  forecast  to  emerge  in  the  coming 
years,  Petra’s  “carats  in  the  ground”  are 
expected to become increasingly valuable over 
time and the Group’s growing production will 
be an ever more important source of supply.

The careful management of such a large resource 
will  ensure  sustainable, 
long-life  mining 
operations  for  the  Petra  Group  for  many  years 
to  come.  It  also  provides  flexibility  in  terms  of 
organic  growth,  dependent  on  diamond  and 
capital market conditions.

Whilst  quoted  on  AIM,  Petra  had  previously 
reported  resources  exclusive  of  reserves.  The 
Company  now  reports  resources  inclusive  of 
reserves in line with best practice for a company 
of  Petra’s  size  and  complexity.  Carats  in  the 
Probable and Proved Reserve categories are now 
also  reported  in  the  Indicated  and  Measured 
Resource categories without the application of 
modifying  factors,  which  has  resulted  in  an 
apparent increase in the total carats base from 
302.7  million  carats  to  305.7  million  carats. 
Both reporting formats are compliant with the 
guidelines of the SAMREC Code.

Gross Reserves and Resources
As at 30 June 2011 (on this revised reporting basis), 
the Group’s total resource was 305.7 million carats 
(stated inclusive of Finsch which contributed a total 
of  43.7  million  carats  on  a  gross  basis  to  the 
Group), including 49.2 million carats in reserves.

Attributable Reserves and Resources
As  at  30  June  2011,  the  Group’s  attributable 
resource  was  226.6  million  carats  (stated 
inclusive of Finsch which contributed 32.3 million 
carats  on  an  attributable  basis  to  the  Group), 
including 36.4 million carats in reserves.

Summary of reserves and resources by status as at 30 June 2011 (stated inclusive of Finsch)

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Cullinan

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

16.623 
111.789 
  128.412 

7.03 
42.99 
38.34 

1.169 
48.062 
49.231 

12.304 
82.726 
95.030 

7.04 
42.99 
38.34 

0.866
35.566
36.432

15.726  
463.302 
  1,248.126 
  1,727.154 

 8.29 
48.35 
6.44 

 11.638 
1.304  
343.830 
223.999 
80.397 
932.496 
17.70  305.701  1,287.965 

8.30  
48.22 
6.42 

0.966
165.809
59.847
17.60  226.622

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

— 
41.082 
41.082 

— 
48.58 
48.58 

— 
19.958 
19.958 

— 
30.400 
30.400 

— 
48.58 
48.58 

—
14.769
14.769

— 
265.339 
168.502 
  433.842 

— 
— 
— 
196.351 
186.780 
70.39 
10.04 
124.692 
16.918 
46.95  203.698  321.043 

 —
— 
138.217
70.39 
10.04 
12.519
46.95  150.736

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off: 1mm.
2. Reserve bottom cut off: 1mm.
3. Resource tonnes and grade in current mining blocks are based on block cave depletion modelling and include external waste.
4.  Reserve carats and grades are factorised as per the following resource to reserve liberation factors: “Brown” kimberlite 75.8%, “Grey” kimberlite 71.4% and 

Hypabyssal kimberlite 71.8%.

5. Probable Reserves have increased in accordance with the mine planning for the C-Cut Phase 1 and the addition of 18 new drawpoints in the current mining blocks.

24

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Finsch

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Jim Davidson, Technical Director

B
u
s
i
n
e
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s
R
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Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

— 
58.598 
58.598 

— 
 54.408 
43.132 
97.539 

— 
43.99 
43.99 

— 
25.779 
25.779 

— 
43.362 
43.362 

— 
43.99 
43.99 

—
19.076
19.076

— 
 47.98 
40.71 
44.76 

— 
 26.102 
17.558 
43.661 

— 
 40.262 
31.917 
72.179 

— 
 47.98 
40.71 
44.76 

—
 19.316
12.993
32.309

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off: 1.47mm.
2. Reserve bottom cut-off 1.47mm.
3. Reserve tonnes and grade are based on block cave depletion modelling and include external waste.

Koffiefontein

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

15.179 
6.551 
21.730 

 15.179 
34.702 
90.412 
  140.293 

3.20 
9.57 
5.12 

 3.20 
8.35 
3.04 
4.37 

0.485 
0.627 
1.112 

11.232 
4.848 
16.080 

 0.485 
 11.232 
2.898 
25.679 
66.905 
2.751 
6.135  103.817 

3.20 
9.57 
5.12 

 3.20 
8.35 
3.04 
4.37 

0.359
0.464
0.823

 0.359
2.144
2.036
4.540

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off (Koffiefontein underground and Ebenheazer): 0.5mm.
2. Resource bottom cut-off (Eskom tailings): 1mm.
3. Reserve bottom cut-off: 1mm.
4. 690L Probable Reserve moved back to Indicated Resource pending mine plan re-evaluation based on numerical modelling.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

Reserves and Resources
Continued

Petra’s “carats in the ground” are expected 
to become increasingly valuable over time 
and the Group’s growing production will be 
an ever more important source of supply

Kimberley Underground

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

— 
3.515 
3.515 

— 
9.393 
56.303 
65.696 

— 
12.98 
12.98 

— 
18.97 
9.44 
10.80 

— 
0.456 
0.456 

— 
1.782 
5.314 
7.095 

— 
2.601 
2.601 

— 
6.951 
41.664 
48.615 

— 
12.98 
12.98 

— 
18.97 
9.44 
10.80 

—
0.338
0.338

—
1.318
3.932
5.251

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off (Dutoitspan West Extension): 1mm.
2. Resource bottom cut-off (all other underground blocks): 0.5mm.
3. Reserve bottom cut-off: 1mm.
4.  Changes in Probable Reserves due to a reduction in ROM grade based on accurate waste measurements taken from producing drawpoints at Bultfontein and Dutoitspan. 

Wesselton ROM grade based on 1060L bulk sampling, adjusted for external waste.

Williamson

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

— 
 — 
— 

— 
98.634 
888.123 
  986.756 

 — 
 — 
— 

— 
5.00 
3.96 
4.06 

 — 
— 
— 

 — 
— 
— 

— 
— 
73.975 
4.928 
35.158 
666.092 
40.086  740.067 

 — 
— 
— 

— 
5.00 
3.96 
4.06 

 —
—
—

—
3.696
26.368
30.065

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off: 1mm.
2. Resource depletion calculated from in-pit survey.
3. Stockpile of 955,000 tonnes of RVK and BVK accumulated since plant shutdown at the end of March 2010.
4. Increase in total carats based on an increase in RVK tonnages in the northern section of the open pit delineated by diamond drilling during 2010.

26

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fissure mines combined (Helam, Sedibeng, Star)

Category 
Reserves 
Proved  
Probable  
Subtotal  
Resources 
Measured 
Indicated 
Inferred 
Total Resources inclusive of Reserves 

B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
R
e
v
i
e
w

Gross 

Net attributable

Tonnes  
 (millions) 

Grade  
(cpht)  

Contained  
diamonds 

(Mcts)  

 Tonnes 
(millions) 

 Grade  
 (cpht) 

Contained 
diamonds 
 (Mcts)

1.444 
2.044 
3.488 

0.547 
0.827 
1.654 
3.028 

47.35 
60.78 
55.22 

149.61 
182.60 
163.12 
166.00 

0.684 
1.242 
1.926 

0.82 
1.509 
2.698 
5.026 

1.071 
1.514 
2.586 

0.406 
0.612 
1.226 
2.244 

47.29 
60.74 
55.17 

149.39 
182.46 
163.00 
165.85 

0.507
0.920
1.426

0.606
1.117
1.998
3.722

Notes: 
1. Resource bottom cut-off: 1mm.
2. Reserve bottom cut-off: 1mm.
3. Measured Resources are classified as one level below current workings or where a block is bounded above and below by current workings.
4. Indicated Resources are classified as two levels below Measured Resources.
5. Inferred Resources are classified as three levels below Indicated Resources.
6. Measured and Indicated Resources have been converted to Reserves by applying historically derived external dilution and in-stope loss factors to resource tonnages and grades.
7. Increase in Inferred Resource based on the diamond drilling programme at Sedibeng.

General notes on reporting criteria
1. Resources are reported inclusive of Reserves.

2. Tonnes are reported as millions; contained diamonds are reported as million carats.

3.  Tonnes  are  metric  tonnes  and  are  rounded  to  the  nearest  1,000  tonnes;  carats  are  rounded  to  the  nearest  1,000  carats;  rounding  off 

of numbers may result in minor computational discrepancies.

4. Resource tonnages and grades are reported exclusive of internal waste, unless where otherwise stated.

5.  Reserve tonnages and grades are reported inclusive of external waste, mining and geological losses and plant modifying factors; reserve carats 

will generally be less than resource carats on conversion and this has been taken into account in the applicable statements.

6.  The Reserves and Resources Statement shown above is based on information compiled internally within the Group under the guidance and 
supervision of Jim Davidson, Pr. Sci. Nat. (reg. No. 400031/06). Jim Davidson has over 30 years’ relevant experience in the diamond industry 
and is a full-time employee and Director of Petra.

7.  All Reserves and Resources have been independently verified by Dr Patrick Bartlett, Pr. Sci. Nat. (reg. No. 400060/87) as a competent person, 
in his report dated 23 November 2011. Dr Bartlett is a competent person with over 30 years’ relevant experience in the diamond mining 
industry, who was appointed as an independent consultant by the Company for this purpose. A Competent Person’s Report was not produced 
in arriving at the Reserves and Resources independent verification. Dr Bartlett was subsequently appointed as an independent Non-Executive 
Director of the Company on 28 November 2011; the Company is of the clear opinion that prior to Dr Bartlett’s appointment to the Board, he 
was  an  independent  consultant  to  the  Company  and  there  were  no  conflicts  of  interest  or  other  matters  arising  that  would  affect  his 
independence as an expert consultant.

Jim Davidson
Technical Director
28 November 2011

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Review

Financial Review

Gross revenue of US$220.6 million 
was recorded for the Period, an 
increase of 24% on the prior year

Summary of Financial Review

»  Gross revenue of US$220.6 million was 
recorded for the Period, an increase of 
24% on the US$177.7 million gross 
revenue recorded in the 12 months 
to 30 June 2010.

»   Gross mining and processing costs 
(before depreciation) for the South 
African operations increased in ZAR 
terms by approximately 25%.

»   A profit on mining activity of 

US$76.4 million was recorded for the 
Period, against a profit of US$67.2 million 
for the corresponding period.

»  Petra maintains a focused and 

cost-effective exploration 
programme in Botswana.

»  In January 2011, Petra completed 

a successful placing of 136,698,212 
shares at 150 pence per share with 
institutional and other investors, 
raising gross proceeds of £205 million.

»  After settling the Finsch consideration 
and trading to 16 September 2011, 
Petra had cash at bank of approximately 
US$78.6 million.

Revenue
Gross  revenue  of  US$220.6  million  was 
recorded for the Period, an increase of 24% on 
the US$177.7 million gross revenue recorded 
in  the  12  months  to  30  June  2010  (Group 
revenue  for  FY  2010  was  US$163.7  million 
due to partial consolidation of Cullinan during 
FY  2010;  for  FY  2011,  gross  revenue  and 
Group revenue are the same). 

The increase in gross revenue was mainly due 
to  the  steady  rise  in  rough  diamond  prices 
from October 2010, as evidenced by revenue 
of  US$90.0  million  in  H1  FY  2011,  rising  to 
US$130.6 million in H2 FY 2011. Adjusting for 
the  exceptional  sale  of  the  US$35  million 
Cullinan Heritage diamond in FY 2010, revenue 
would have been up by 55% year-on-year. 

Mining and processing costs
Gross  mining  and  processing  costs  (before 
depreciation) for the South African operations 
increased in ZAR terms by approximately 25% 
due to:

U 

U 

 upwards pressure on electricity and labour 
costs (accounting for 11% of the increase);

 treatment  of  higher  tonnages  across 
the  operations  in  FY  2011  versus  the 
previous  year  (accounting  for  8%  of  the 
increase); and

U 

 the 
the 
ramp-up  of  production  at 
Kimberley Underground mine (accounting 
for the remaining 6% of the increase).

The volatility in the rand is a significant factor in 
reporting the Group’s costs on a US$ basis. In 
US$ reporting terms, consolidated mining and 
processing  costs 
the 
strengthening  of  the  rand  during  the  Period 
(by approximately 8%).

increased  due 

to 

Certain  cost  categories 
in  South  Africa 
increased  significantly  in  excess  of  South 
African  inflation  (South  African  CPI  stood  at 
5.0% by 30 June 2011). However, Petra’s low 
cost  culture,  coupled  with  higher  tonnage 
throughput,  enabled  the  Group  to  partially 
mitigate  the  direct  effect  of  the  high 
inflationary  pressures  experienced  during 

28

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

the  Period.  Costs  on  a  unit  basis  across  the 
South African operations were therefore well 
contained,  as  demonstrated  by  the  on-mine 
in  the 
cost  per  tonne  figures  reported 
Operational Review.

Two key areas where costs are under pressure 
in South Africa are: 

Energy
Inflationary  pressures  on  costs  can  mainly 
be  ascribed  to  electricity  prices,  which  rose 
by  25%  in  FY  2011.  A  further  increase  has 
been  approved  by 
the  National  Energy 
Regulator in excess of 25% for FY 2012. Petra’s 
electricity  usage  accounted  for  approximately 
13%  of  cash  on-mine  costs  for  the  Period. 
Petra  continuously  endeavours  to  manage 
its  electricity  consumption  as  the  Group’s 
production profile increases and the Company 
has achieved good success in this area.

Labour
Labour currently accounts for approximately 47% 
of cash on-mine costs at the pipe mines and 63% 
of cash on-mine costs at the fissure mines. Going 
into  FY  2012,  we  anticipate  that  labour  cost 
increases will continue to be above inflation. 

Mining profit
A profit on mining activity of US$76.4 million 
was  recorded  for  the  Period,  against  a  profit 
of  US$67.2  million  for  the  corresponding 
period  (the  profit  for  FY  2010  included  the 
profit  on  the  sale  of  the  507  carat  Cullinan 
Heritage).  This  mining  profit  reflects  the 
strengthening  in  diamond  prices  throughout 
the  Period,  combined  with  Petra’s  stringent 
cost control. 

Exploration
Petra  maintains  a  focused  and  cost-effective 
exploration  programme  in  Botswana  and 
exploration  expenditure  before  depreciation 
of US$0.1 million (FY 2010: US$0.1 million)) 
remained  relatively  flat  for  the  Period  at 
US$1.3 million (FY 2010: US$1.2 million income 
due  to  Angolan  withdrawal).  Please  refer  to 
page  23  in  this  report  for  comment  on 
exploration activities.

David Abery, Finance Director

A net profit after tax of US$59.2 million 
was recorded for the year

B
u
s
i
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e
s
s
R
e
v
i
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w

Corporate overhead
Corporate  overhead  increased  slightly  to 
US$8.0  million  for  the  Period  (FY  2010: 
US$7.5  million),  reflecting  the  increasing 
size  of 
the  Group.  Tight  control  of 
corporate overhead remains of key importance 
to management. 

Net impairment charge and reversal
In FY 2009, as required in accordance with IAS 36 
“Impairment of Assets”, the Company impaired 
the carrying value of the Helam and Star mines by 
US$12.9 million and US$10.8 million respectively. 
These  impairments  arose  due  to  the  significant 
downward  adjustment  in  diamond  prices  that 
was  experienced 
the  global  economic 
in 
downturn at the time. 

Rough diamond prices recovered significantly 
since the FY 2009 impairment, and therefore, 
in accordance with IAS 36, the Directors have 
reviewed the carrying value of both mines. 

The impairment recorded in FY 2009 for Helam of 
US$12.9 million was reversed in the Period with 
an impairment reversal of US$11.7 million being 
recognised (the difference of US$1.2 million is due 
to  depreciation  adjustment  on  the  impairment 
from FY 2009 to FY 2011). With regards to Star, 
where operations continue to be challenging, the 
Directors  further  impaired  the  carrying  value  by 
US$5.2  million.  The  net  effect  of  the  reversal 
at  Helam  and  the  further  impairment  at  Star  is 
a net impairment reversal of US$6.5 million.

Depreciation
Depreciation for the Period was US$22.4 million 
(FY 2010: US$11.9 million). The increase was 
mainly attributable to:

U 

U 

 Cullinan (US$5.7 million) due to additions 
to  fixed  assets  and  the  consolidation 
of  100%  of  expenses  following  the 
acquisition  of  a  further  37%  interest 
in Cullinan in November 2009; and

 Kimberley  Underground  (US$2.6  million) 
due  to  significantly  increased  production 
during  the  Period,  as  compared  to  FY 
2010; depreciation is applied on a units of 
production basis.

Net unrealised foreign exchange gain
During  the  Period,  the  Group  reported 
net  unrealised  foreign  exchange  gains  of 
US$18.6  million  (FY  2010:  US$0.8  million) 
which  arose  on  the  annual  retranslation 
of foreign subsidiary intercompany loans. 

Net finance expense
The  Group  incurred  net  finance  expense 
of US$3.5 million (FY 2010: US$0.5 million). 
This was comprised of:

U 

U 

U 

 interest  payable  on  the  Group’s  IFC/RMB 
debt facility of US$0.7 million (stated after the 
capitalisation  of  interest  of  US$3.5  million 
in  accordance  with  IAS  23);  interest  on 
the  Al  Rajhi  loan  (which  was  settled  in 
November 2010) of US$0.9 million; interest 
on  the  Group’s  working  capital  facility  of 
US$0.3 million;

 interest  accretion  on 
the  Al  Rajhi/
Cullinan  deferred  cash  consideration 
of US$1.8 million; and 

 the  charge  for  the  unwinding  of  the 
present  value  adjustment 
for  Group 
rehabilitation costs of US$3.8 million. 

These interest charges are offset by:

U 

U 

U 

 interest  received  on  the  Group’s  cash 
balances of US$2.2 million;

 net interest receivable from BEE partners’ 
loans of US$1.5 million; and 

 realised  foreign  exchange  gains  of 
US$0.3 million.

Tax charge
A  tax  charge  of  US$5.2  million  (FY  2010: 
credit  of  US$1.2  million)  is  comprised  of 
a  deferred  tax  charge  (net  of  charges  and 
credits) of US$6.4 million and a South African 
income tax credit of US$1.2 million resulting 
from a reversal of a prior period provision.

Group profit
A  net  profit  after  tax  of  US$59.2  million  was 
recorded for the year (FY 2010: US$70.2 million). 
The  Company  recorded  a  profit  of 12.83  cents 
per  share,  after  the  issue  of  136,698,212 
new  shares  in  January  2011  (FY  2010:  22.65 
cents per share).

Cash
As  at  30  June  2011,  Petra  had  cash  at 
bank  of  US$324.9  million  (30  June  2010: 
US$34.5 million). In January 2011, Petra completed 
a  successful  placing  of  136.7  million  shares  at 
150  pence  per  share  with  institutional  and 
other  investors,  raising  gross  proceeds  of 
£205 million (approximately US$325 million).

The placing proceeds were utilised as follows:

U 

U 

 US$192 million for the acquisition of Finsch 
(completed on 14 September);

 US$30 million for working capital requirements 
at Finsch;

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

29

 
Business Review

Financial Review
Continued

Operating cashflows generated 

Profit on mining activity 

Net profit after tax 

US$50.6m

US$76.4m

US$59.2m

Operating cashflow
Petra’s  management  is  focused  on  cashflow 
generation  from  its  operations.  Operating 
cashflows of US$50.6 million were generated 
for the Period (FY 2010: US$48.8 million). 

Capital expenditure
Total capex for the Period was US$110.9 million 
(FY  2010:  US$33.4  million),  being  capex  of 
US$107.4  million  (refer  to  the  Operational 
Review  for  a  breakdown  of  this  spend  by 
operation)  and  capitalisation  of  capex  related 
borrowing  costs  of  US$3.5  million.  This 
increased capex spend reflects the acceleration 
of  the  Company’s  development  programmes, 
most  notably  at  Cullinan,  Williamson  and 
additional assets of US$3.5 million at Kimberley 
Underground  assumed  in  exchange  for  the 
environmental  rehabilitation  liability  specific  to 
these assets. 

David Abery
Finance Director
28 November 2011

Cash continued
U 

 US$15  million  to  settle  part  of  the 
deferred  Al  Rajhi/Cullinan  consideration 
(remaining balance of US$20 million due 
December 2011); and

U 

 the remainder being applied to accelerate 
capex  and  for  general  Group  working 
capital purposes.

After  settling  the  Finsch  consideration  and 
trading to 16 September 2011, Petra had cash 
at bank of approximately US$78.6 million. 

As at 30 June 2011, cash at bank comprised 
unrestricted cash and restricted cash balances 
of  US$96.9  million  and  US$228  million 
respectively  (30  June  2010:  US$24.8  million 
and US$9.7 million). The restricted balance of 
US$228 million was high as US$213.2 million 
was  defined  as  restricted  whilst  the  Finsch 
consideration remained in escrow. An additional 
US$14.8  million  of  the  30  June  2011  balance 
is  held  by  Petra’s  bankers  as  security  for 
environmental  rehabilitation  bonds  lodged 
by  the  bankers  with  the  South  African 
Department of Mineral Resources. 

Diamond inventories
As at 30 June 2011, Petra also had diamond 
inventories of approximately US$13.3 million 
(FY 2010: US$15.0 million), being production 
post  the  cut-off  date  for  the  Company’s 
tender in June 2011.

Debt
In  November  2010,  Petra  agreed  terms  with 
IFC (a member of the World Bank Group) and 
RMB,  a  division  of  FirstRand  Bank  Limited, 
with regards to a new five and a half year debt 
facility  of  approximately  US$83.5  million 
(US$40  million  to  be  provided  by  IFC  and 
approximately US$43.5 million (R300 million) 
to be provided by RMB). 

As at 30 June 2011, debt of US$90.1 million (FY 
2010: US$64.5 million) was mainly comprised of:

U 

 US$69.6  million  drawn  down  on  the  
IFC/RMB facilities (net of a US$8.6 million 
adjustment  in  accordance  with  IAS  32 
and IAS 39 for the accounting treatment 
of facility fees and warrant costs associated 
with the IFC/RMB facilities, and US$2.7 million 
in interest accretion on the facilities); the 
gross  cash  drawn  down  on  the  facilities 
was US$75.5 million; and

U 

 US$18.7  million  (US$20  million  gross) 
due  to  Al  Rajhi  in  December  2011  (the 
deferred Cullinan consideration).

With  regards  to  the  IFC/RMB  debt  facilities, 
US$8.0 million remains available for draw-down 
by  the  Company  before  November  2012. 
Repayment  of  capital  is  by  way  of  eight 
semi-annual  payments 
in 
November  2012.  The  interest  rates  on  the 
facilities  are:  IFC  US$  loan  –  six  month  US$ 
LIBOR  plus  4.5%  margin;  RMB  ZAR  loan  – 
three  month  JIBAR  plus  4.5%  margin.  The 
deferred  consideration  owed  to  Al  Rajhi  is 
interest free. 

commencing 

The BEE loans due to Petra arise from:

U 

 Petra  having  financed  the  BEE  partners’ 
share  of 
the  acquisition  costs  of 
Cullinan,  Koffiefontein  and  Kimberley 
Underground; and

U 

 Petra  having  financed  working  and 
development  capital 
that  has  been 
required for certain of the mines.

All  BEE  loans  are  repayable  out  of  free 
cashflow  from  the  operations,  with  Petra 
having the first call on such cash until the BEE 
loans are repaid.

30

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
Key Performance Indicators

Petra uses various performance measures to help evaluate 
the performance of the business on a continuous basis and 
the following performance measures are those the Board 
believe most effectively evaluate the performance of the 
Group as a whole. 

Safety
Group Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate 
(“LTIFR”)

Rough diamond production (gross)
Carats (‘000s)

Revenue (gross)
US$ million

0.80

1,117,795

220.6

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

250

200

150

100

50

0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

The  safety  of  employees  is  the  top  priority  for 
Petra’s  management.  FY  2011’s  LTIFR  showed 
an improvement on the prior year’s performance, 
demonstrating management’s focus on this area 
across  all  of  Petra’s  operations.  However,  very 
regrettably, there was a fatality at the Koffiefontein 
mine in January 2011. Management is striving for 
zero harm in the workplace.

After several years of strong growth, production 
was relatively flat in FY 2011 due to a strategic 
focus  on  “value”  as  opposed  to  “volume” 
production, issues at Koffiefontein and Kimberley 
Underground,  and  unseasonably  heavy  rainfall 
in  South  Africa.  The  completion  of  Finsch  in 
September  2011  means  that  the  Company 
expects to increase production to over 2 Mcts in 
FY 2012.

revenue  was  up  24% 

Gross  mine 
to 
US$221  million,  being  mainly  due  to  the 
steady  increase  in  rough  diamond  prices  from 
October  2010  to  the  of  end  June  2011,  as 
evidenced by revenue of US$90 million in the first 
half rising to US$131 million in the second half. 
Adjusting 
for  the  exceptional  sale  of  the 
US$35  million  Cullinan  Heritage  diamond 
in FY 2010, revenue would have been up 55%.

B
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R
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On-mine profit
US$ million

76.4

80

60

40

20

0

Operating cashflows
US$ million

50.6

Capex
US$ million

110.9

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

-10

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

FY 2011’s mining profit reflects the strengthening 
in diamond prices throughout the year, combined 
with Petra’s stringent cost control. The generation 
of an on-mine profit in FY 2009 at the height of 
the global economic downturn demonstrates the 
robustness of Petra’s assets and the quality of its 
management team.

Petra is focused on generating strong operating 
cashflows  and  as  Finsch  comes  on-line  and 
production 
increases,  substantial  operating 
cashflow  growth  is  expected.  Petra’s  strategy 
is  to  apply  these  operating  cashflows  to  fund 
the  Group’s  capex  profile  which  will 
lay 
the 
long-term  sustainable 
for 
production growth.

foundations 

is  to  substantially 

Petra’s  strategy 
increase 
its  production  profile,  which  will  be  achieved 
by  the  expansion  and  development  of  its 
major  mines,  specifically  Cullinan,  Finsch  and 
Williamson.  It  is  key  to  the  Group’s  production 
expansion  that  capex  spend  is  achieved  and 
development  rolled  out  in  line  with  stated 
business plans. 

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

31

 
Corporate Governance

Risk Management

The Group is exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties 
which could have a material impact on its long-term development 
and performance and management of these risks is an integral 
part of the management of the Group.

The Board has identified the following as being the principal 
strategic and operational risks (in no order of priority). 

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Mining and 
Production 

The mining of diamonds from underground 
kimberlite  deposits  involves  an  intrinsic 
degree of risk from various factors, including 
geological,  geotechnical 
seismic 
factors, industrial and mechanical accidents, 
unscheduled  plant  shutdowns,  technical 
failures,  ground  or  water  conditions  and 
inclement or hazardous weather conditions.

and 

All  of  Petra´s  existing  kimberlite  operations  have  long 
histories  of  production  and  therefore  the  geology  and 
economics  of  each  mine  are  well  understood.  This 
knowledge  of  the  deposits  allows  management  to 
eliminate  much  of  the  risk  associated  with  operating 
a diamond mine. 

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Diamond Prices

The  Company’s  financial  performance  is 
closely linked to diamond prices which are 
influenced by numerous factors beyond the 
Company’s  control,  including  international 
economic conditions, world production levels 
and consumer trends.

The  management  of  the  Group  closely  monitors 
developments  in  the  international  diamond  market 
(across  the  pipeline  from  the  rough  market  to  the 
retail consumer market) to be in a position to react in 
a  timely  manner  to  changes  in  rough  diamond  prices 
and demand.

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Expansion 
and Project 
Delivery

Petra  has  set  out  a  clear  and  transparent 
growth profile to increase annual production 
to  over  5  million  carats  by  FY  2019.  Actual 
production may vary from estimates of future 
production  for  a  variety  of  reasons  and  it 
should be noted that long term assumptions 
may  be  subject  to  change  as  the  Company 
continually  evaluates  its  projects  to  optimise 
efficiency and production profitability. 

Petra has an enviable track record in the management 
of underground diamond operations and is respected as 
one of the “best in class” teams in the diamond mining 
industry.  With  regards  to  potential  budget  or  time 
overruns  that  could  impact  the  completion  of  these 
expansion projects, the Group has established procedures 
to  control,  monitor  and  manage  the  roll-out  of  its 
development plans.

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Retention of 
Key Personnel

The  successful  achievement  of  the  Group’s 
strategies,  business  plans  and  objectives 
depends upon its ability to attract and retain 
certain key personnel.

Part of Petra’s success is due to the fostering of a management 
culture  where  management  is  empowered  and  where 
innovation  and  creativity  in  the  workplace  is  encouraged. 
Petra’s employment terms are designed to attract, incentivise 
and retain individuals of the right calibre. 

32

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Risk

Financing

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Petra has a significant capex programme over 
the  years  to  FY  2019,  with  capex  forecast  to 
peak in FYs 2012 to 2015. The Company plans 
to mainly finance this capex from operating 
cashflows. Lack of adequate available cashflows 
could delay development work.

Whilst  management  prepares  detailed  plans,  actual 
capex  may  differ  from  estimates.  In  order  to  mitigate 
this,  capex  requires  a  tiered  level  of  approval  and 
variances  to  capex  plans  are  monitored  on  a  timely 
basis. The Company continually and regularly reviews its 
cashflow  planning  to  ensure  that  capex  plans  are 
adequately financed.

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Country and 
Political

Petra’s operations are predominantly based in 
South Africa, with lesser exposure to Tanzania 
and  Botswana.  Emerging  market  economies 
could  be  subject  to  greater  risks,  including 
legal, regulatory, economic and political risks, 
and are potentially subject to rapid change. 

The  Petra  team  is  highly  experienced  at  operating  in 
Africa. Petra routinely monitors political and regulatory 
developments in its countries of operation. In addition 
the Company actively engages in dialogue with relevant 
Government representatives in order to keep abreast of 
all key legal and regulatory developments applicable to 
its operations. Petra has a number of internal processes 
and checks in place to ensure that it is wholly compliant 
with all relevant regulations in order to maintain its mining 
or exploration licences within each country of operation.

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Risk

Currency

Description

Mitigation/Comments

With Petra’s operations mainly in South Africa, 
but  diamond  sales  based  in  US  dollars,  the 
volatility  and  movement 
is 
a  significant  factor  to  the  Group.  Also,  the 
Group undertakes transactions in a number of 
different  currencies.  Fluctuations  in  these 
currencies may have a significant impact on the 
Group’s performance.

in  the  rand 

The  Group  continually  monitors 
the  movement 
of  the  rand  against  the  US  dollar  and  takes  expert 
advice from its bankers in this regard. It is the Group’s 
policy to hedge a portion of future diamond sales when 
weakness 
it  appropriate. 
Such  contracts  are  generally  short  term  in  nature. 
Management  seeks  to  mitigate  other  transaction  risks 
by matching assets and liabilities in the same currency 
and where appropriate hedging material exposure.

rand  deems 

the 

in 

Risk

Description

Mitigation/Comments

Social, 
Safety and 
Environmental

The  Group’s  success  may  depend  upon 
its social, safety and environmental performance, 
as failures can lead to delays or suspension of its 
mining activities.

The  Group  takes  its  responsibilities  in  these  areas 
seriously  and  monitors  its  performance  across  these 
areas on a regular basis.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

33

 
Corporate Governance

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility and sustainability is very important to Petra 
and is integral to the way the Group structures and operates its mining, 
development and exploration projects. The Petra Group now encompasses 
over 4,600 people in South Africa, Tanzania and Botswana, and as such is 
a significant employer in Africa. Petra is proud to have taken over various 
operations and to have put in place long mining lives, which will ensure 
continuous stable employment for the Company’s workforce. 

Petra recognises that its 
business and operations 
have an impact on a wide 
range of stakeholders. 
These include broader 
economic, social and 
environmental impacts. 
The Company recognises 
that it has a responsibility 
to mitigate potential 
negative impacts and 
to actively endeavour 
to initiate and support 
positive impacts that are 
sustainable after mining 
has ceased.

The Company has outlined its key sustainable 
development  policies  and  practices  below, 
but for more information shareholders should 
review Petra’s Sustainable Development Report, 
which is available on the Group’s website.

HSSE Committee
Petra  recently  formed  the  Group’s  Health, 
Safety,  Social  and  Environmental  (“HSSE”) 
Committee.  The  HSSE  Committee’s  role  is  to 
formulate  and  recommend  to  the  Board  the 
Group’s  policy  on  all  relevant  health,  safety, 
social and environmental issues as they affect 
the Group’s operations and it will ensure that 
the Board is cognisant of, and takes account 
of, mining corporate social responsibility best 
practice. In particular it will focus on ensuring 
that  effective 
standards, 
procedures and practices are in place and will 
monitor the correct and legal implementation 
of these procedures across the Group. 

systems  and 

The  HSSE  Committee  is  also  responsible  in 
conjunction  with  the  Executive  Committee 
for  reviewing  management’s  investigation 
of  incidents  or  accidents  that  occur  in  order 
to  assess  whether  policy 
improvements 
are required. 

Operational Health and Safety
The health and safety of employees is a priority 
for  Petra  and  the  Company  adheres  to  the 
most stringent practices for health and safety. 
In  addition  to  appropriate  risk  management 
processes,  Petra  has  various  strategies  and 
systems in place to ensure that working places 
are safe and that employees are equipped to 
work  safely.  A  great  emphasis  is  based  on 
training in this area and Petra’s management 
continually  strives  to raise safety awareness at 
all levels. Petra encourages the active participation 
of employees and their representatives in health 
and safety issues and aims to encourage a healthy 
lifestyle for its workforce. 

Community and Social
Petra is cognisant that, as a mining company, 
it is exploiting a finite resource and that there 
is a window of opportunity for the Company 
to  play  a  role  in  the  social  and  economic 
upliftment  of  the  communities  in  which  it 
operates.  Petra  is  committed  to  identifying 
sustainable projects in conjunction with local 
communities  themselves,  as  well  as  local 
authorities.  The  Group  takes  a  holistic  and 
structured  approach  to  corporate  social 
responsibility  and  uses  training  and  skills 
development 
lives  of 
to  enhance 
employees and community members alike.

the 

Environment
Petra 
the 
recognises  and  acknowledges 
need  to  conduct  environmentally  sustainable 
exploration,  mining  and  related  activities. 
It is dedicated to promoting and maintaining 
high standards of environmental management 
within  all  of  our  operations  by  means  of 
advocating  environmental  awareness  to  our 
employees as well as implementing sound and 
solid  procedures  and  monitoring  processes. 
The  Company’s  operations  are  subject  to 
significant  environmental  regulation  under 
according to applicable local legislation. 

The Kimberley Process
Petra  will  only  ever  operate  in  countries  which 
are  members  of  the  Kimberley  Process.  The 
Kimberley  Process  is  a  collaboration  between 
Governments, NGOs and the diamond industry, 
who joined together to stem the flow of “conflict 
diamonds”  –  rough  diamonds  used  by  rebel 
movements  to  finance  wars  against  legitimate 
governments. It was set up to assure consumers 
that  by  purchasing  diamonds  they  were  not 
financing war and human rights abuses and the 
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme imposes 
extensive requirements on its members to enable 
them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as 
conflict free. 

Petra’s Sustainable Development Reports 
can be accessed on the Petra website  
www.petradiamonds.com

34

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

The nursery at 
Williamson has 
the capacity to 
raise 500,000 
seedlings annually.

This rhino at the 
Cullinan nature 
reserve has been 
de-horned to protect 
it from poachers.

Petra’s corporate social responsibility principles are as follows:

Principle

Description

Petra conducts itself 
according to the highest 
ethical and corporate 
governance standards

Petra will operate according to the highest ethical and corporate governance 
standards and is committed to conducting itself in a way that is mindful 
of the economic, social and environmental impacts on society. 

Petra is a fair employer

Petra is a fair employer and treats it employees with respect and dignity. 
The Company will uphold the basic human rights of employees, contractors 
and community members.

Health and safety of 
employees is of the 
utmost priority

The health and safety of employees is of the utmost priority for the Company. 
Health and safety committees, comprising both management and employee 
representatives, as well as health and safety collective agreements, are in 
place at all operations, in line with the relevant legislation in the Company’s 
countries of operation. These committees meet on a regular basis to discuss 
and resolve health and safety related challenges.

A strong commitment to 
local economic development

Petra has a strong commitment to local economic development and 
to having a positive impact on the social, economic and institutional 
development of its host communities. The Company works to purposefully 
identify sustainable projects in conjunction with local leaders and 
authorities, which will serve the community, making a long term 
contribution to the sustainability of the local communities.

Emphasis on environmental 
stewardship throughout life 
cycles of operations

Petra places a great deal of emphasis on environmental stewardship 
throughout the life cycle of its operations – from exploration to closure. 
The Company will, as a minimum, comply with the environmental 
regulations in the countries in which it operates and will implement 
environmental management and auditing systems based on good practice.

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The responsible mining 
and sale of our diamonds

Petra believes in the responsible mining and sale of its diamonds. Petra will 
only operate in countries which are members of the Kimberley Process and, 
as a legitimate diamond miner operating in South Africa and Tanzania, 
100% of Petra’s production is fully traceable and conflict free. 

Engagement with 
stakeholders

Petra will engage with stakeholders – employees and unions, shareholders, 
community members, representatives from Government and regulators – 
in an open and transparent manner and will voluntarily report on its 
objectives and performance in respect of sustainable development on 
a regular basis.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

35

 
Corporate Governance

Board of Directors

Adonis Pouroulis
Age 41
Non-Executive Chairman 
(Mr Pouroulis moved to Non-Executive Chairman on 28 November 2011)
Year of Appointment: 1997
Committees: Nomination Committee (Chairman)
Qualifications: Mining Engineer – University of Witswatersrand, 
South Africa 
Expertise:  Mr  Pouroulis  is  a  mining  entrepreneur  whose  expertise  lies  in 
the  discovery  and  exploration  of  natural  resources  across  Africa,  including 
diamonds, precious/base metals, coal and oil and gas, and bringing these assets 
into production. Mr Pouroulis founded Petra Diamonds in 1997 and it became 
the first diamond company to float on AIM. He has since chaired Petra as it has 
developed into a mid-tier diamond producer of global significance and London’s 
largest quoted diamond mining group.

Johan Dippenaar
Age 54
Chief Executive Officer
Year of Appointment: 2005
Committees: Executive Committee; HSSE Committee
Qualifications: Chartered Accountant – member of the South African 
Institute of Chartered Accountants
Expertise:  Mr  Dippenaar  has  over  20  years’  experience  in  the  leadership 
and  management  of  producing  diamond  mining  companies.  Prior  to  his 
appointment  as  CEO  of  Petra,  he  was  CEO  of  ASX-quoted  Crown  Diamonds 
which  merged  with  Petra  in  2005.  Mr  Dippenaar  built  Crown  Diamonds’ 
portfolio up from one fissure mine to three and, since the merger, has led Petra 
through  a  period  of  extraordinary  growth,  taking  the  Group’s  portfolio  of 
producing  diamond  mines  from  three  to  eight  and  firmly  establishing  the 
Company as a leading independent producer.

David Abery
Age 49
Finance Director
Year of Appointment: 2003
Committees: Executive Committee
Qualifications: Chartered Accountant – member of the Institute 
of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
Expertise:  Mr  Abery  brings  to  Petra  extensive  experience  as  a  Chief  Financial 
Officer in both the South African and UK business environments. He has been 
integral to the structuring and delivery of strategic Group corporate development 
and acquisitions at Petra, as well as the instigation of a number of innovative 
financing  transactions.  Mr  Abery  is  responsible  for  all  matters  pertaining  to 
Petra’s UK listing and maintains regular communication with the UK market.

Jim Davidson
Age 67
Technical Director
Year of Appointment: 2005
Committees: Executive Committee
Qualifications: Geologist – member of the Geological Society 
of South Africa and registered with the South African Council 
for Natural Scientific Professions
Expertise:  Mr  Davidson  is  an  acknowledged  world  authority  on  kimberlite 
geology and exploration, who has pioneered research into kimberlite indicator 
mineral chemistry and microdiamond analysis. He has spent in excess of 30 years 
associated with diamond exploration and mining, of which over 20 years have 
included mine management in South Africa, and was formerly Head of Diamond 
Exploration in Southern Africa for BP Minerals (subsequently Rio Tinto) before 
joining Crown Diamonds.

36

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Independent Non-Executive Directors

Non-Executive Director

Dr Pat Bartlett
Age 66
Year of Appointment: 2011
Committees: Audit Committee; Remuneration Committee; 
Nomination Committee
Qualifications: Ph.D. Mining Engineering; Member of the South African 
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; registered Professional Natural Scientist
Dr Bartlett is an acknowledged expert on kimberlite geology and on the design 
and  geotechnical  aspects  of  block  cave  mining.  He  has  presented  numerous 
technical papers at international mining conferences throughout the world on 
all aspects of the geotechnical design of block cave mines and the geotechnical 
risks associated with massive mining operations. He was formerly a Chief Geologist 
for De Beers with responsibility for all De Beers kimberlite mines in South Africa; he 
retired from De Beers in 2003 in order to pursue consulting work. Dr Bartlett has 
previously  acted  as  an  independent  technical  adviser  to  Petra.  Dr  Bartlett  has 
extensive  experience  working  across  Southern  Africa  and  has  an  in-depth 
knowledge  of  several  of  Petra’s  mines,  having  previously  worked  at  Finsch, 
Koffiefontein, Kimberley Underground and Cullinan, where he was a geologist 
from 1983 to 2003, responsible for all geological and geotechnical aspects of 
this major diamond mine. Since retiring he has been involved in block caving 
projects for BHP Billiton, Anglo American and Rio Tinto. He was elected to the 
Board  of  Trustees  for  the  De  Beers  Benefit  Society  in  2010  and  the  De  Beers 
Pension Fund in 2011.

Dr Kamal is not considered to be “independent” as he represents Al Rajhi Holdings 
W.L.L. (“Al Rajhi”), Petra’s largest shareholder, which holds 13% of the Company’s 
issued share capital. 

Dr Omar Kamal
Age 38
Year of Appointment: 2010
Committees: n/a
Qualifications: Ph.D. Management (Banking and Finance)
Expertise:  Dr  Kamal  is  a  Managing  Director  of  Investments  for  Al  Rajhi, 
Petra’s  largest  shareholder,  where  his  main  responsibility  is  co-managing  the 
international investments in various asset classes with a focus on equities, private 
equity, and real estate. In addition, Dr Kamal possesses a broad spectrum of expertise 
and  knowledge  ranging  from  his  past  experience  as  an  academic,  working  in 
the financial industry (both in Islamic banking and in conventional banking) and 
as a strategy consultant with a global financial services firm.

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Gordon Hamilton
Age 66
Year of Appointment: 2011
Committees: Audit Committee (Chairman); Remuneration Committee 
(Chairman – pending the appointment of a third independent 
Non-Executive Director); Nomination Committee
Qualifications: Chartered Accountant – ICAEW
Mr  Hamilton  has  extensive  experience  as  a  non-executive  director  across  a 
wide  range  of  businesses  including  the  Johannesburg  Stock  Exchange  listed 
Barloworld,  Fairbairn  Private  Bank  and  other  related  companies  within  the 
Nedbank  Group,  and  the  London  Stock  Exchange  listed  Lloyd’s  of  London 
insurance  underwriter  Beazley,  for  all  of  which  he  also  chairs  their  audit 
committees. Mr Hamilton retired from Deloitte & Touche LLP in 2006 after more 
than 30 years as a partner primarily responsible for multinational and FTSE 100 
listed company audits, mainly in the mining, oil and gas and aerospace and defence 
industries,  as  well  as  heading  the  Deloitte  South  Africa  desk  in  London.  He 
served  for  nine  years  until  2011  as  a  member  of  the  UK  Financial  Reporting 
Review Panel.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

37

 
Corporate Governance

Directors’ Report

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group for the year ended 30 June 2011.

Principal activities
Petra Diamonds is a leading independent diamond mining group and an increasingly important supplier of rough diamonds to the international 
market. The Company has a well‑diversified portfolio, with controlling interests in eight producing mines: seven in South Africa (Finsch, Cullinan, 
Koffiefontein,  Kimberley  Underground,  Helam,  Sedibeng  and  Star)  and  one  in  Tanzania  (Williamson).  In  addition,  Petra  has  an  exploration 
operation in Botswana. 

Business review
A detailed review of the Group’s operational and financial performance for the year and events subsequent to the year end is set out in this 
Annual Report in the Overview on pages 1 to 7, the Business Review on pages 8 to 31 (which includes a section on Key Performance Indicators 
on page 31) and note 29 to the financial statements.

Results and dividends
The  Group’s  net  profit  after  tax  for  the  year  amounted  to  US$59.2  million  (2010:  US$70.2  million).  The  Directors  do  not  recommend  the 
payment of a dividend for the year (2010: US$nil). 

Board of Directors and their interests
The interests of the Directors and their families in the issued share capital of the Company (other than in respect of options to acquire ordinary 
shares which are detailed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 46 to 48 and note 21 to the financial statements) were as follows: 

Adonis Pouroulis1,2 
Johan Dippenaar 
David Abery2 
Jim Davidson 
Charles Segall2 
Dr Patrick Bartlett³ 
Gordon Hamilton³ 
Dr Omar Kamal 

shares at 

  Number of  Number of 
shares at 
 30 June 2011  30 June 2010
 9,564,650  9,564,650
  640,000 
640,000
  1,979,649  1,979,649
640,000
  1,380,122  1,380,122
Nil
Nil
Nil 

Nil 
Nil 
Nil 

   640,000

Notes:
1. 7,735,000 ordinary shares in the Company are held by a trust of which Mr Pouroulis is a beneficiary.
2.  5,037,421 ordinary shares in the Company are held by a trust of which Mr Pouroulis, Mr Abery and the estate of Mr Segall are beneficiaries (Mr Segall passed away in 

July 2011, post‑year end).

3. Dr Bartlett and Mr Hamilton were appointed post‑year end on 28 November 2011.

Other than noted above with regards to the passing of Mr Segall, there were no changes in Directors’ share interests between the year end and 
the date of this report. 

Share capital
Details of changes to share capital during the year can be found in note 21 to the financial statements. 

38

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Substantial shareholdings
At 31 October 2011 the interests as indicated in the table below in the ordinary shares of the Company represented more than 3% of the issued 
share capital (other than interests set out above in the Board of Directors’ interests). 

Significant shareholders (insofar as the Company is aware) 
Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L. 
Saad Investments Company Limited/Awal Bank 
JP Morgan Asset Management U.K. Limited   
Capital Group International, Inc 
Scottish Widows Investment Partnership 
BlackRock Investment (UK) Limited 
T. Rowe Price 
M&G Investments 
Kames Capital 
Ignis Investment Services Limited 
Directors 

Number  Percentage of 
issued share 
capital
13.3%
12.2%
8.6%
7.3%
6.4%
4.2%
4.1%
3.6%
3.3%
3.0%
2.8%

of ordinary 
shares 
 66,525,600 
 60,844,185 
 43,231,516 
  36,691,116 
 32,216,384 
 20,994,369 
 20,471,750 
 18,086,225 
 16,439,120 
 14,915,549 
 14,204,421 

Employees
The Group’s employment policies have been developed to ensure that the Group attracts and retains the required calibre of management and 
staff by creating an environment that rewards achievement, enthusiasm and team spirit. Effective communication and consultation is key to this 
and the Group endeavours to ensure the appropriate level of employee involvement and communication. 

The Group is committed to the principle and achievement of equal opportunities in employment irrespective of sex, religion, race or marital 
status. Full consideration is given to applications from disabled persons who apply for employment where the requirements of the position can 
be adequately filled by a disabled person, having regard to their particular abilities and aptitude.

Creditors’ payment policy
It is the Group’s policy that payments to suppliers are made in accordance with those terms and conditions agreed between the Group and its 
suppliers, provided that all terms and conditions have been complied with. 

Financial instruments
The Group makes use of financial instruments in its operations as described in note 26 of the financial statements.

Going concern
Following a review of the Group’s financial position, the Directors have concluded that sufficient financial resources will be available to meet the 
Group’s current and foreseeable working capital requirements. On this basis, they consider it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on 
a going concern basis. 

Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company, for safeguarding the assets of the Company and for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other 
irregularities.  The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information  included  on  the 
Company’s website. Legislation in Bermuda governing the preparation and dissemination of the financial statements and other information 
included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with the Bermuda Companies Act 
1981.  The  Directors  are  also  required  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  the  Group  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union and the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM. 
The Directors have chosen to prepare financial statements for the Group in accordance with IFRS, as adopted by the European Union.

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In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:

U  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

U  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

U 

 state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

U  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance

Directors’ Report
Continued

Directors’ responsibilities continued
The Directors are responsible for keeping accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose 
with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company 
and for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Website publication
The Directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report and financial statements are made publically available on the Company’s website. 
The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors. The Directors’ responsibility also extends to the 
ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein.

Auditors
As far as each of the Directors is aware, at the time this report was approved:

U  there is no relevant available information of which the auditors are unaware; and

U 

 they have taken all steps that ought to have been taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that 
the auditors are aware of that information.

In accordance with Section 89 of the Bermuda Companies Act, a resolution to confirm the appointment of BDO LLP as auditors of the Company 
is to be proposed at the Annual General Meeting to be held in January 2012. 

By order of the Board

David Abery
Director
28 November 2011

40

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Corporate Governance Statement

Petra Diamonds Limited is incorporated in Bermuda. There is no formal corporate governance code in Bermuda but the Company subscribes to 
the principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”). Although the Company does not at the present time comply with all of the 
Code requirements, the Directors are committed to making the appropriate changes to meet the Code’s requirements wherever possible and 
appropriate for Petra.

As Petra continues to grow, the Board carries out regular reviews of its corporate governance policy and practices, with the objective that these 
will continue to evolve in line with the Group’s increasing size and stature. Integral to these reviews are appraisals of the Group’s system of 
internal controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls and risk management systems. Petra is committed to maintaining the 
highest standards of business conduct and ethics, as well as compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, corporate reporting and 
disclosure, and all other matters deemed to protect the best interests of the Company’s shareholders. 

FY 2012 is an important year in terms of Petra’s corporate development, given the Company’s step‑up to the Main Market of the London Stock 
Exchange and anticipated inclusion in the FTSE 250. In accordance with the Company’s objective of adhering with the Code, the Company has 
significantly strengthened its Board with the appointment of two independent Non‑Executive Directors (“NEDs”), Dr Bartlett and Mr Hamilton. 
At  the  same  time  as  these  two  appointments,  Mr  Pouroulis  moved  from  Executive  to  Non‑Executive  Chairman,  in  line  with  best  practice. 
The Company will be appointing one or more further independent NEDs as soon as is practicable in FY 2012. 

Following  the  appointment  of  the  new  NEDs,  Petra  revised  its  Board  Committee  Charters  and  these  are  available  on  Petra’s  website  at   
www.petradiamonds.com.  Petra  has,  following  the  appointment  of  the  independent  NEDs,  changed  the  composition  of  its  Audit  and 
Remuneration  Committees  and  has  established  a  Nomination  Committee  and  a  Board  represented  Health,  Safety,  Social  and  Environmental 
(“HSSE”) Committee for the first time. 

Board of Directors
Role of the Board 
The Board’s primary role is the protection and enhancement of shareholder value. To fulfil this role, the Board (and Board Committees where 
appropriate) is responsible for the overall corporate governance of the Group, including formulating the Group’s strategic direction, appointing 
Directors and Senior Management, setting remuneration, establishing goals for management and monitoring the achievement of these goals, 
approving and monitoring capital expenditure, and ensuring the integrity of internal control and management information systems. The Board 
is also ultimately responsible for approving and monitoring financial and other reporting. 

The Chairman is responsible for the leadership of the Board. At each Board meeting, the Chairman ensures significant time is devoted to key 
strategic issues. When setting Group strategy, the Board agrees a shared vision of what the Company is aiming to achieve and over what time 
period,  as  well  as  an  understanding  of  what  is  required  in  order  to  achieve  the  objectives.  This  strategy  is  communicated  to  Petra’s  Senior 
Management and to the various employee groups in each division of the Company. Externally, strategy is communicated to shareholders via 
direct meetings or public materials (such as Stock Exchange announcements and the Company website). The Executive Directors of Petra are 
ultimately responsible for executing the strategy as laid out by the Board. All Directors bring independent judgement to bear on issues of strategy, 
performance and standards of conduct. 

One of the roles of the independent NEDs is to scrutinise the performance of the Executive Directors in terms of meeting agreed goals and 
objectives and to monitor the reporting of performance. In addition, they play a key role with regards to ensuring that the financial information, 
controls and systems of risk management within the Group are robust and defensible, as well as with regards to determining the appropriate 
levels of remuneration of Executive Directors, and they are integral to the appointment or removal of Executive Directors to or from the Board, 
when necessary.

As covered above, Petra intends to appoint one or more additional independent NEDs as soon as is practicable in FY 2012. Although at this time 
Petra has not formally appointed a Senior Independent NED, this decision will be made when the new candidate(s) is/are appointed. Petra fully 
appreciates the need to appoint a Senior Independent NED, who will provide a sounding board for the Chairman and serve as an intermediary 
for the other Directors as necessary. The Senior Independent NED will be available to shareholders if they have concerns which contact through 
the normal channels of Chairman, CEO or other Executive Directors has failed to resolve or for which such contact is inappropriate.

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Composition of the Board 
The Board currently consists of three Executive Directors, the Non‑Executive Chairman, one NED and two independent NEDs. The Non‑Executive 
Chairman  is  Mr  Pouroulis  (who  stepped  down  from  Executive  Chairman  to  Non‑Executive  Chairman  on  28  November  2011),  the  CEO  is 
Mr  Dippenaar,  the  Finance  Director  is  Mr  Abery,  the  Technical  Director  is  Mr  Davidson,  the  NED,  who  is  not  deemed  to  be  independent, 
is Dr Kamal (as he represents Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L. which holds 13% of Petra’s issued share capital) and the independent NEDs are Dr Bartlett 
and Mr Hamilton (both appointed 28 November 2011).

Post‑year end, the Board lost a long‑serving member, being Mr Charles Segall, who sadly passed away in July 2011. Mr Segall had served on the 
Board of Petra as a NED since it listed on the AIM market in 1997.

The composition of the Board is reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure that the Board has the appropriate mix of expertise and experience. 
Directors appointed by the Board are subject to election by shareholders at the following Annual General Meeting and thereafter Directors are, 
in accordance with the Company’s bye‑laws, subject to re‑election on an annual basis. When a Board vacancy exists, through whatever cause, 
or  where  it  is  considered  that  the  Board  would  benefit  from  the  services  of  a  new  Director  with  particular  skills,  the  Board  determines  the 
selection criteria for the position based on the skills deemed necessary for the Board to best carry out its responsibilities. 

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

41

 
Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance Statement
Continued

Board of Directors continued
Composition of the Board continued
As  noted  above,  on  28  November  2011,  Petra  appointed  two  independent  NEDs  in  order  to  strengthen  its  Board.  The  Board  allocated  a 
considerable amount of time to the identification and selection process for the new independent NEDs by undertaking a structured and focused 
search process to identify appropriate candidates and took advice from its London corporate advisers in this regard. The Board is satisfied that it 
has identified candidates with the appropriate mix of financial and technical expertise to suit the specific requirements of the Petra team. Further 
to  the  appointment  of  the  new  independent  NEDs,  a  Nomination  Committee  was  formed  and  this  committee  will  consider  and  nominate 
candidates for Board approval going forward.

Board process 
The  Board  believes  that  all  Directors  need  to  be  able  to  allocate  sufficient  time  to  the  Company  in  order  to  discharge  their  responsibilities 
effectively. The full Board meets formally at least four times per year, at such other times as may be necessary to address any significant matters 
that may arise, and also communicates regularly between these meetings.

The Board is supplied on a regular basis with appropriate and timely information relating to all aspects of the Group and has regular opportunities, 
including visits to operations, for contact with a wider group of employees, including Senior Management. In addition, the Directors are free to 
seek  any  further  information  they  consider  necessary  in  order  to  discharge  their  duties  effectively.  The  collective  responsibility  of  the  Board 
ensures that all Directors are involved in the process of arriving at significant decisions.

The agenda for full Board meetings is prepared in conjunction with the Chairman and the Executive Directors and all documents that are relevant 
to the agenda of the Board meeting are distributed to the Board in advance of the meeting. Standing items include the CEO’s Review, Finance 
Director’s Review, management accounts, strategic matters, long‑term business planning, governance and compliance. Senior Management are 
involved in the preparation of Board papers and submissions and are able to contact any member of the Board should they feel the need to do so. 

Board meetings take place away from the Group’s offices and typically last for the whole day and are arranged so as to allow the Board time to engage 
in informal discussions regarding the activities of the Group, its competitors, the capital markets and the diamond and mining sectors in general.

To assist in the execution of the Company’s strategy, the Board has established an Executive Committee to manage the Company on a day‑to‑day 
basis. Members of this Committee are Mr Dippenaar, Mr Abery and Mr Davidson. Further to the appointment of the independent NEDs as noted 
above, the Chairman will hold meetings with the NEDs without Mr Dippenaar, Mr Abery and Mr Davidson present, in compliance with the Code. 

Board performance
The Company has adopted self‑evaluation processes to measure Board performance. The performance of Directors is assessed through analysis, 
review and specific discussion by the Board of issues relating to individual Director’s attendance at and involvement in Board meetings, interaction 
with management, performance of allocated tasks and any other matters identified by the Board or individual Directors. Any significant issues 
identified are actioned by the Board on an ongoing basis. In addition, the independent NEDs will meet without the Chairman at least annually 
to appraise the Chairman’s performance and on such other occasions as are deemed appropriate. The evaluation of key Senior Management 
is carried out by the Executive Committee. 

Conflict of interest
Directors must keep the Board advised, on an ongoing basis, of any interest that could potentially conflict with those of the Company. Where 
the Board believes that a significant conflict exists, the conflict is clearly recorded in the Board minutes and if considered appropriate (due to the 
nature of the conflict) by the rest of the Board, the Director concerned is not present at the meeting whilst the item is considered. 

Director dealings in Company shares 
Company policy prohibits Directors and Senior Management from dealing in shares or exercising share options whilst in possession of price 
sensitive information. Directors and Senior Management must notify and get approval from the Chairman/Finance Director before they deal 
in shares or exercise share options in the Company.

Independent professional advice and access to company information
Each Director has right of access to all relevant Company information and to the Company’s Senior Management. 

All  Directors  have  access  to  advice  from  the  Company’s  retained  auditors,  legal  advisers  and  NOMAD  (whilst  on  AIM),  as  well  as  to  other 
independent professional advisers (as appropriate), at the expense of the Company if considered necessary in the performance of their duties. 

Director education 
The Group educates new Directors about the nature of the business, current issues, the corporate strategy and timeline for key objectives to be 
met,  and  the  expectations  of  the  Group  concerning  the  performance  of  the  Directors.  Directors  also  have  the  opportunity  to  visit  Group 
operations and meet with the operational management to gain a better understanding of Petra’s business. 

Directors are given access to continuing education opportunities to update and enhance their skills and knowledge. 

Remuneration of NEDs
When  setting  fees  for  NEDs,  the  Board  takes  independent  professional  advice  and  applies  appropriate  benchmarks.  Directors’  fees  cover  all 
NED activities and membership of committees. Further information is contained in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on page 47.

D&O Insurance
The Company has arranged appropriate Directors’ and Officers’ insurance cover in respect of legal claims against its Directors.

42

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Board Committees
The Board currently has an Audit Committee, a Remuneration Committee, a Board‑level HSSE Committee and on 28 November 2011 it formed 
a Nomination Committee. The purpose of these committees is to delegate responsibility to Directors with specific skills and knowledge and to 
facilitate the Board’s overall role. The Board periodically reviews the membership of its committees to ensure that committee membership is 
refreshed; with the appointment of new independent NEDs, membership of these committees will become more appropriate and relevant. The 
Group provides the committees with sufficient resources to undertake their duties. The Committee Charters are available on Petra’s website at 
www.petradiamonds.com. 

Audit Committee
For FY 2011, Petra’s Audit Committee comprised Dr Kamal and Mr Segall and was chaired by Dr Kamal. Further to the appointment of the 
independent NEDs on 28 November 2011, Petra changed the composition of its Audit Committee, which now comprises Mr Hamilton and 
Dr Bartlett, and is chaired by Mr Hamilton. Mr Hamilton is considered to have the appropriate financial expertise and experience for this role as 
he was formerly a Senior Audit Partner at Deloitte & Touche LLP specialising in UK‑listed company audits. Upon the appointment of one or more 
additional independent NEDs, Petra will expand the number of members in this Committee.

The Audit Committee meets formally at least twice per year; three Audit Committee meetings were held during FY 2011. The Audit Committee 
invites the Finance Director and Senior Financial Management to attend the meetings as appropriate; the invitees would leave the meeting on 
matters relevant to their own performance or duties.

The Audit Committee also meets with the external auditors independent of Executive Management. The Audit Committee may, if considered 
necessary, take independent advice at the expense of the Company.

The Audit Committee makes recommendations to the Board on the appointment of the external auditors, their independence and the level of 
their fees; it reviews the findings of the external auditors and ensures appropriate action is taken by management; it reviews and monitors the 
integrity of financial reporting and reviews the Group’s interim and full year results prior to submission to the Board; it reviews the Group’s 
statement  on  internal  control  systems,  considers  the  effectiveness  of  internal  financial  controls  and  any  internal  audit  resource,  making 
recommendations  for  changes  if  appropriate;  assesses  the  Company’s  arrangements  for  staff  whistle‑blowing  and  the  detection  of  internal 
fraud; and institutes and reviews special projects and investigations on any matter as it sees fit.

Remuneration Committee
For FY 2011, Petra’s Remuneration Committee comprised Mr Segall and Dr Kamal and was chaired by Mr Segall. Further to the appointment of 
the independent NEDs on 28 November 2011, Petra changed the composition of its Remuneration Committee, which now comprises Mr Hamilton 
and Dr Bartlett, and is chaired by Mr Hamilton (pending the appointment of a further independent NED to the Board).

The Remuneration Committee meets formally at least twice per year and two Remuneration Committee meetings were held during FY 2011. 
The Remuneration Committee invites Executive Directors to attend the meetings as appropriate; the invitees would leave the meeting on matters 
relevant to their own remuneration or performance.

The  Remuneration  Committee  may  meet  with  the  Company’s  external  remuneration  consultants  independent  of  Executive  Management. 
The Remuneration Committee may, if considered necessary, take further independent advice at the expense of the Company. 

The  main  responsibilities  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are  to  determine  on  behalf  of  the  Board  and  shareholders  the  overall  policy  for 
executive remuneration; to determine the base salary, benefits, performance‑related bonus and any equity participation schemes for each of the 
Executive Directors and other Senior Management of the Group; and to approve all Directors’ service contracts. 

No Director or Senior Manager is involved in deciding their own remuneration. 

The Chairman and other Executive Directors may accept external appointments subject to the Board’s consent to act as NEDs of other companies 
and would normally retain any fees for such appointments. 

Mr Hamilton is currently chairing both the Audit Committee and the Remuneration Committee and when the appropriate additional independent 
NED is appointed, it is expected that this new Director will chair the Remuneration Committee.

Nomination Committee
Although corporate governance guidelines recommend that the Company should have a Nomination Committee, prior to November 2011 the 
Board  had  not  established  such  a  committee  as  the  Board  had  considered  that  a  separately  established  committee  of  this  nature  was  not 
warranted  in  relation  to  the  Company’s  size  and  stage  of  development,  as  its  functions  and  responsibilities  were  adequately  and  efficiently 
discharged by the Board as a whole. 

However,  the  Petra  Board  now  considers  such  a  committee  to  be  appropriate  to  the  Group’s  increased  scale  and  stature  and  therefore 
a Nomination Committee was formed on 28 November 2011 upon the appointment of the new independent NEDs to the Board.

Petra’s Nomination Committee comprises Mr Pouroulis, Mr Hamilton and Dr Bartlett and is chaired by Mr Pouroulis. The Nomination Committee 
will meet formally at least twice a year.

The main responsibilities of the Nomination Committee are evaluating the balance of skills, knowledge and experience of the Board, the size, 
structure  and  composition  of  the  Board,  retirements  and  appointments  of  additional  and  replacement  Directors  and  will  make  appropriate 
recommendations to the Board on such matters.

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Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance Statement
Continued

Board Committees continued
HSSE Committee
The HSSE Committee comprises one Executive Director (Mr Dippenaar) and appropriate members of Petra Senior Management; it is chaired by 
Mr Dippenaar. This is a new Board‑level Committee that was established in September 2011. The HSSE Committee will meet formally at least 
twice a year.

The HSSE Committee’s role is to formulate and recommend to the Board the Group’s policy on all relevant HSSE issues as they affect the Group’s 
operations and it will ensure that the Board is cognisant of, and takes account of, mining corporate social responsibility best practice. In particular 
it  will  focus  on  ensuring  that  effective  systems  and  standards,  procedures  and  practices  are  in  place  and  will  monitor  the  correct  and  legal 
implementation of these procedures across the Group. 

The HSSE Committee is also responsible in conjunction with the Executive Committee for reviewing management’s investigation of incidents or 
accidents that occur in order to assess whether policy improvements are required. 

Internal controls and risk management 
The Board is responsible for the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. It should be recognised that such a system 
can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss, as it is designed to manage rather than eliminate 
those risks that may affect the Company in achieving its business objectives. The Code requires that the effectiveness of the system of internal 
control be reviewed by the Directors, including financial, operational and risk management. 

The Board, on an ongoing basis, conducts reviews of the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal control systems and 
reports to shareholders that they have done so. The review covers all material controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls.

The Group has not established a separate Board‑level risk committee. Instead, the Board, as part of its usual role and through direct involvement 
in the management of the Group’s operations, ensures risks are identified, assessed and appropriately managed. Where necessary, the Board will 
draw on the expertise of appropriate external consultants to assist in dealing with or mitigating risk.

Please refer to pages 32 and 33 where the Group has identified key risks and how they are mitigated. 

The Board’s internal control processes are comprehensive and comprise:

U 

 operating unit controls – operating units confirm compliance with financial controls and procedures including information system controls;

U 

U 

U 

  functional  reporting  –  key  areas  subject  to  regular  reporting  (on  a  quarterly  basis)  to  the  Board  include  operations/production,  finance, 
investor relations, technical, safety, human resources, corporate social responsibility, environment and legal matters;

  internal audit function – the Group has an internal audit function. The internal audit manager operates under the direction of the Finance 
Director and any matters arising of a material nature are brought to the attention of the Board. The Board ensures compliance with the 
internal controls and risk management procedures previously mentioned; and

  Group Code of Conduct – the Group has established a documented Code of Conduct. The Group has induction procedures to inform newly 
appointed employees of their rights and their duty to act with utmost integrity and objectivity. The Code of Conduct is designed to guide 
compliance with legal and other obligations to the Company’s stakeholders. 

Practices have been established to ensure:

U 

 capex commitments above a certain size obtain prior Board approval;

U 

 financial exposures are controlled, including the potential use of derivatives;

U 

U 

U 

  environmental performance is regularly monitored to ensure the Group is in compliance with all environmental regulation under international 
law and the laws of the jurisdictions in which the Group’s operations are based in relation to its exploration and mining activities;

  occupational health and safety standards and management systems are monitored and reviewed to achieve high standards of performance 
and compliance with regulations;

  ethical  standards  are monitored  as all  Directors,  managers and employees are expected to act with the utmost  integrity and objectivity, 
striving at all times to enhance the reputation and performance of the Group;

U 

 business transactions are properly authorised and executed; and

U 

 financial reporting accuracy and compliance with the financial reporting regulatory framework.

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Communication with shareholders and continuous disclosure
The Company supports open dialogue between shareholders and the Board so that the Board understands shareholders’ needs and objectives 
and their views on the Company’s performance. Investor relations is an important aspect of the Company’s overall communications strategy and 
Petra has a dedicated in‑house communications and investor relations function based in London to ensure that any investor query or concern is 
responded to and dealt with efficiently and in a timely manner. Petra’s investor relations team regularly provides feedback to management on all 
such shareholder communication.

As part of Petra’s proactive investor relations approach, management and the investor relations team commit time to hold regular formal and 
informal  meetings  in  person  with  the  Company’s  shareholders  in  order  to  get  direct  feedback  and  input  on  strategy  and  performance.  The 
Company  also  hosts  financial  results  webcasts  at  least  twice  a  year  which  are  broadcast  live  on  the  Company’s  website  to  ensure  that  all 
shareholders can participate in the presentation, regardless of their location, and stored thereafter at www.petradiamonds.com.

The Board encourages all members, including its NEDs, to develop an understanding of the views of major shareholders about the Company, 
either through direct meetings in person, analysts’ or brokers’ briefings or through the submission of regular feedback documents following 
shareholder interaction.

The Board encourages full participation of shareholders at shareholder meetings to ensure a high level of accountability and identification with 
the Group’s strategy and goals. Shareholders are requested to vote on the appointment of Directors and changes to the Company’s bye‑laws. 
Copies of the bye‑laws are available on the Company website at www.petradiamonds.com. The Board ensures that the external auditors attend 
the Company’s Annual General Meeting and other meetings where it is appropriate to do so. The Chairman arranges for the Chairmen of its 
various committees to be available to answer questions at the Annual General Meeting.

Petra ensures that all shareholders and investors have equal access to the Company’s information and has procedures to ensure that all price 
sensitive information is disclosed to shareholders in accordance with the continuous disclosure requirements of the AIM Rules. Once Petra steps 
up to the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange, it will comply in full with both the Listing Rules and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules. 
All public announcements are immediately posted to the Company’s website at www.petradiamonds.com.

The Company’s Annual Report is made available to all shareholders. The Board ensures that the Annual Report includes relevant information 
about the operations of the Group during the year, changes in the state of affairs of the Group and details of future developments, as well as all 
required disclosures. Notices of shareholder meetings and associated explanatory material are placed on the Company’s website. 

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Corporate Governance

Directors’ Remuneration Report

The  Remuneration  Committee  is  responsible  for  determining  the  remuneration  and  incentive  packages  for  the  Executive  Directors  and 
Senior Management. 

Remuneration Committee
Details of the Remuneration Committee are set out in the Corporate Governance Statement on pages 41 to 45 of this report. The Committee 
seeks independent advice from external consultants as appropriate. The Committee has engaged the services of Deloitte LLP, Global Employer 
Services, London in providing remuneration advisory services.

Remuneration policy
The employment terms for Executive Directors and Senior Management are designed to attract, motivate and retain individuals of the right 
calibre.  Incentives  are  structured  so  as  to  align  their  interests  with  those  of  the  shareholders  by  rewarding  Executive  Directors  and  Senior 
Management for enhancing shareholder value. 

The  Group  competes  for  management  talent  with  other  major  mining  companies  and  the  remuneration  strategy  is  designed  to  allow  the 
Company  to  attract  and  retain  high  quality  executives.  The  Committee  ensures  that  a  significant  proportion  of  the  Executive  Directors’ 
remuneration is directly related to the performance of the Group, in order to promote the long‑term success of the Company. 

In setting the remuneration policy and levels for the Executive Directors, the Committee takes into account the pay and employment conditions 
of the wider employee population within the Company.

Review of Executive Directors’ remuneration in 2011/12
Given the planned move to a Main Market listing on the London Stock Exchange and potential entry to the FTSE 250, the Board is mindful that 
the Company’s remuneration arrangements will need to reflect both the forward‑looking strategy of the business and its status as a fully listed 
company.  Accordingly,  the  Company  is  undertaking  a  review  of  the  remuneration  arrangements  for  the  Executive  Directors  and  Senior 
Management team. An important part of this review will be to ensure that remuneration practices reflect UK corporate governance best practice 
in relation to executive pay. 

Base salaries
The  policy  of  the  Company  is  to  pay  base  salaries  which  are  competitive  with  those  paid  to  Executive  Directors  and  Senior  Management 
in organisations of similar size and complexity in the mining sector.

Performance‑related bonuses
In order to retain and incentivise the Executive Directors and Senior Management, performance‑related bonuses, as approved by the Remuneration 
Committee, are awarded based on the performance of the Company and the individual for the Period under review. It is the policy of the Board 
that bonuses will only be paid on achieving performance and results which are stretching. 

To date, the Petra Group has grown rapidly by the acquisition of world‑class assets which have then been integrated into the Group. In this 
context the Board has been of the view that, rather than set static targets, it was in the best interests of the Group to assess performance at the 
end of the year based on achievements in relation to integration and delivery on newly acquired mines as well as existing assets. Bonuses were 
therefore based on a subjective but challenging assessment of the performance of the Company and individual. 

However, now that the Group has matured after several years of acquisitions and asset integration and has a clearly stated production growth 
profile,  the  Board  and  Remuneration  Committee  will  now  include  performance  measures  that  are  applicable,  relevant  and  stretching  in  the 
context of the Group’s stated production growth profile and other strategic goals. It is intended that, following the review of remuneration, the 
performance conditions will take account of certain key operational deliverables, as well as health and safety performance. The Committee will 
provide shareholders with appropriate disclosure of the new framework and bonus out‑turns. 

Whilst there is no formal maximum limit under the current bonus plan, bonuses have traditionally been no higher than 100% of salary. Going forward, 
it is intended that the Company will set a maximum bonus potential as a percentage of salary, subject to pre‑determined performance targets. 

Share incentives
The Board believes that the granting of share incentives encourages a broad alignment of the interests of the Executive Directors and Senior 
Management with the creation of shareholder value. The Company operates an Employee Share Option Scheme (introduced in 2005), whereby 
it  can  issue  options  to  eligible  employees  (including  Executive  Directors  and  Senior  Management)  to  subscribe  for  shares  in  the  Company 
at set prices. 

Options awarded to Executive Directors are subject to performance conditions. Share options granted to date have been subject to the performance 
condition that, in order to vest and be exercisable, the market value of the Company’s shares must increase in value by an amount greater than 10% 
in excess of the UK Retail Price Index rise (“RPI”) in year one for one‑third of the grant to vest, by 20% over the RPI between the date of grant and 
the  second  anniversary  of  grant  for  the  second  third  of  the  grant  to  vest,  and  by  30%  over  the  RPI  between  the  date  of  grant  and  the  third 
anniversary of grant for the final third of the grant to vest. The Board considered that a performance condition based on share price growth targets 
was aligned with shareholders and appropriate for the Company’s strategy at the time that the share options were granted.

46

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Share incentives continued
Petra intends to consider the introduction of new share plans as part of the 2011/12 review of executive remuneration, taking into account best 
practice for a Main Market FTSE company. This will include consideration of the performance metrics and targets which are appropriately aligned 
to Petra’s future strategy. It is also intended that the share plans will include dilution and individual limits.

As at 30 June 2011 the following share options were in issue to the Executive Directors to subscribe for ordinary shares in the Company. 

Grant date 
05/09/03 
13/09/04 
24/09/04 
28/01/05 
16/06/05 
27/11/05 
31/05/06 
31/07/06 
12/03/09 
30/09/09 
17/03/10 
25/11/10 
Total 

Expiry date 
05/09/13 
13/09/14 
24/09/14 
28/01/15 
16/06/15 
27/11/15 
31/05/16 
31/07/16 
12/03/19 
30/09/19 
16/03/20 
25/11/20 

Exercise price  
(pence) 
44.0 
56.75 
46.5 
56.5 
85.0 
65.75 
79.5 
96.0 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
92.8 

Mr Pouroulis 
500,000 
— 
— 
— 
250,000 
— 
250,000 
— 
250,000  
100,000 
100,000 
— 
1,450,000 

Mr Dippenaar  
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
750,000 
— 
250,000 
— 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
— 
2,450,000 

Mr Abery 
500,000 
— 
— 
— 
250,000 
— 
250,000 
— 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
— 
2,450,000 

Mr Davidson 
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
n/a 
750,000 
— 
250,000 
— 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
— 
2,450,000 

Senior 
Management 
— 
50,000 
75,000 
23,750 
— 
84,300 
166,388 
236,812 
4,470,000 
2,117,671 
3,060,002 
500,000 
10,783,923 

Total
1,000,000
50,000
75,000
23,750
2,000,000
84,300
1,166,388
236,812
6,970,000
3,267,671
4,210,002
500,000
19,583,923

As at 30 June 2011, the total number of Petra shares under option was 19,583,923 (representing 3.9% of the Company’s issued share capital) 
of which the number granted to the Directors is 8,800,000 (representing 1.8% of the Company’s issued share capital). 

The Company is cognisant of best market practice, including the guidelines of the Association of British Insurers (ABI), and therefore the number 
of  Petra  shares  under  option  is  significantly  less  than  10%  of  the  Company’s  issued  share  capital  and  the  Petra  shares  under  option  are 
appropriately split between grants to Executive Directors and other employees, including Senior Management.

Shareholding guidelines
It is the Company’s policy that each of the Executive Directors holds a meaningful number of Petra shares, a minimum being equal to one year’s 
basic salary for the applicable Director.

Directors’ remuneration
The Board  determines the  NEDs’ fees  in  the  absence  of  the relevant NED. The NEDs are paid fees for their services; no bonuses or other 
amounts are paid. The following table gives a breakdown of the remuneration of the individual Directors who held office during the year 
ended 30 June 2011. Although the Company’s reporting currency is US dollars, these figures are stated in pounds sterling as the Directors’ 
service contracts denominate the payments in pounds sterling.

Executive Directors 
A Pouroulis² 
J Dippenaar 
D Abery 
J Davidson 

Non‑Executive Directors 
C Segall³ 
O Kamal 

Base 
remuneration 
£ 

Non‑cash 
benefits¹ 
£ 

Performance‑ 
related bonus 
£ 

2011 
Total  
£ 

2010
Total
£

120,000 
230,000 
230,000 
230,000 

25,000 
35,000 

2,129 
4,800 
4,800 
3,792 

— 
— 

90,000 
170,000 
170,000 
170,000 

— 
— 

212,129 
404,800 
404,800 
403,792 
1,425,521 

25,000 
35,000 
60,000 

216,000
405,000
405,000
405,000
1,431,000

25,000
13,125
38,125

1. Non‑cash benefits comprise contributions made by the Company to the Group life assurance, disability and critical illness scheme.
2. Mr Pouroulis was Executive Chairman for FY 2011 and became Non‑Executive Chairman with effect from 28 November 2011.
3. Mr Segall sadly passed away in July 2011.

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Corporate Governance

Directors’ Remuneration Report
Continued

Directors’ service contracts and appointment letters
On 28 November 2011, the Executive Directors each entered into updated employment agreements with the Company. Each of these agreements 
is terminable by 12 months’ written notice on either side and contain non‑compete, non‑solicitation and dealing with customers/clients and 
non‑solicitation of Directors or senior employees restrictions following termination. In the event of termination by the Company of an Executive 
Director’s employment, the contractual Remuneration Package (incorporating base salary and benefits), reflecting the 12 month notice period, 
would normally be payable. The Remuneration Committee’s policy is to emphasise the duty of the terminated party to mitigate any loss caused 
by the early termination to the fullest extent possible. In these circumstances, any payments may be made on a monthly basis.

On 28 November 2011, the Non‑Executive Directors entered into letters of appointment with the Company. Other than Dr Kamal (who entered into 
an updated letter of appointment), the appointments are for an initial term of three years which is terminable by one month’s written notice on 
either side at any time and the appointment letter contains appropriate confidentiality provisions. On termination, the Non‑Executive Directors 
(other than Dr Kamal) would be entitled to payment of fees for the 1 month contractual notice period. Dr. Kamal’s appointment is terminable on 
Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L ceasing to have a right to appoint a Director under the Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L. Option Agreement. Dr. Kamal’s appointment 
also contains a confidentiality provision.

Details of all Directors’ contracts are summarised below:

Directors 
Executive Directors 
Mr Dippenaar 
Mr Abery 
Mr Davidson 
Non‑Executive Directors 
Mr Pouroulis 
Mr Hamilton 
Dr Bartlett 
Dr Kamal 

Date of contract 

Unexpired term 

Notice period by 
Company or Director

28 November 2011 
28 November 2011 
28 November 2011 

28 November 2011 
28 November 2011 
28 November 2011 
28 November 2011 

n/a 
n/a 
n/a 

36 months 
36 months 
36 months 
n/a 

12 months
12 months
12 months

1 month
1 month
1 month

Pensions
Petra operates a defined benefit scheme and a defined contribution scheme. The defined benefit scheme was acquired as part of the acquisition 
of Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Limited and is closed to new members. The assets of the pension schemes are held separately from those of the 
Group’s assets.

By order of the Board

Gordon Hamilton
Remuneration Committee Chairman
28 November 2011

48

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report
To the shareholders of Petra Diamonds Limited

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Petra  Diamonds  Limited  (“Petra”)  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2011  which  comprise  the 
Consolidated Income Statement and Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, 
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement of Cashflows and the related notes. The financial reporting 
framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  the  Bermuda  Companies  Act  1981  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
as adopted by the European Union (“IFRS”).

Our report has been prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Bermuda Companies Act 1981 and for no other purpose. No person is entitled 
to rely on this report unless such a person is a person entitled to rely upon this report by virtue of the Bermuda Companies Act 1981 or has been 
expressly authorised to do so by our prior written consent. Save as above, we do not accept responsibility for this report to any other person or 
for any other purpose and we hereby expressly disclaim any and all such liability.

Directors’ responsibility for the financial statements
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities, the Directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation 
of  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  Bermuda  Companies  Act  1981  and  IFRS,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  the  Directors 
determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor’s responsibility 
Our  responsibility  is  to  audit  and  express  an  opinion  on  these  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  Bermudan  Companies  Act  1981 
and International Standards on Auditing (as issued by the International Federation of Accountants). Those standards require that we comply with 
ethical  requirements  and  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  from 
material misstatement. 

An audit includes performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures 
selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or 
error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers the internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation of financial statements that 
give a true and fair view in order to design repetition audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting 
policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the Directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the 
financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion on financial statements
In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  the  Group  and  its 
financial performance and cashflows for the year then ended in accordance with IFRS and have been prepared in accordance with the Bermuda 
Companies Act 1981.

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
We read the other information contained in annual report and consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent 
misstatements or material inconsistencies with the financial statements. The other information comprises the three other main sections of Petra’s 
2011 Annual Report: the ‘Overview’, the ‘Business Review’ and the ‘Corporate Governance’ section. Our responsibilities do not extend to any 
other information.

BDO LLP
Chartered Accountants
London
United Kingdom
28 November 2011

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127).

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49

 
Financial Statements

Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 30 June 2011

US$ million 

Revenue 

Other income 

Total operating income 

Fair value uplift on acquisition of Cullinan Investment Holdings Limited (“CIHL”) 

Recycling of foreign exchange differences on exploration projects 

Total income 

Mining and processing costs 

Other direct income  

Exploration expenditure  

Corporate expenditure 

Impairment reversal  

Impairment charge 

Total costs 

Financial income 

Financial expense 

Net financing income  

Profit before tax 

Income tax (charge)/credit  

Profit for the year  

Profit for the year attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent company 

Non‑controlling interest 

Profit per share attributable to the equity holders of the parent during the year

From continuing operations: 

Basic profit – US$ cents 

Diluted profit – US$ cents 

Notes 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

9 

10 

11 

13 

13 

2011 

220.6 

— 

220.6 

— 

— 

220.6 

(169.7) 

2.7 

(1.4) 

(9.4) 

11.7 

(5.2) 

(171.3) 

42.5 

(27.4) 

15.1 

64.4 

(5.2) 

59.2 

53.2 

6.0 

59.2 

12.83 

12.35 

 —

 —

2010

163.7

5.4

169.1

31.0

12.3

212.4

(137.7)

2.4

0.2

(8.6)

(143.7)

27.6

(27.3)

0.3

69.0

1.2

70.2

63.5

6.7

70.2

22.65

22.20

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30 June 2011

US$ million 

Profit for the year 

Exchange differences recognised on translation of the share‑based payment reserve 

Recycling of foreign exchange differences on exploration projects 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Exchange differences on non‑controlling interest 

Valuation loss on available‑for‑sale financial asset  

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:

Equity holders of the parent company 

Non‑controlling interest  

There is no taxation arising from items of other comprehensive income.

The notes on pages 56 to 96 form part of these financial statements.

 2011 

59.2 

0.2 

— 

15.4 

4.0 

(0.4) 

78.4 

68.4 

10.0 

78.4 

 —

2010

70.2

(0.5)

(12.3)

(6.9)

(0.1)

50.4

43.7

6.7

50.4

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Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 30 June 2011

Share 
premium 
account 

Foreign 
currency  Share‑based 
payment 
reserve 

translation 
reserve 

347.5 

(26.1) 

Share 
capital 

61.4 

US$ million 

At 1 July 2010 

Profit for the year 

Other comprehensive income 

4% non‑controlling interest purchased  
– Koffiefontein (note 3(a)) 

26% disposal of Helam1 

26% disposal of Star1 

Transfer between reserves for exercise  
of options and warrants 

Equity‑settled share‑based payments 

Share‑based payments cancelled2 

Equity warrants issued3 

Allotments during the year: 

– Share options exercised 

– Warrants exercised 

Share issue costs  

At 30 June 2011 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.4 

1.3 

— 

1.3 

10.2 

(17.6) 

— 

15.4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

– Fundraising 

21.7 

304.2 

Other 
reserves 

Retained 
losses 

  Attributable 
to the 
parent 

Non‑ 
controlling 
interest 

Total  

equity

(0.1) 

(130.0) 

257.3 

33.6 

290.9

— 

(0.4) 

53.2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

0.9 

6.0 

3.9 

4.1 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

53.2 

15.2 

0.9 

6.0 

3.9 

— 

1.9 

(0.8) 

7.9 

325.9 

1.7 

11.5 

(17.6) 

6.0 

4.0 

(1.7) 

(6.0) 

(3.9) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

59.2

19.2

(0.8)

—

—

—

1.9

(0.8)

7.9

325.9

1.7

11.5

(17.6)

4.6 

— 

0.2 

— 

— 

— 

(4.1) 

1.9 

(0.8) 

7.9 

— 

— 

— 

— 

84.8 

645.6 

(10.7) 

9.7 

(0.5) 

(61.9) 

667.0 

32.0 

699.0

1.  During the year, the Group disposed of 26% of its shareholding in Helam and Star to Petra’s black economic empowerment (“BEE”) partners which represented a change 

in ownership interest in which the Group retained control.

2.  Employees received cash payments of US$0.8 million during the year in respect of options cancelled. The payments equate to the fair value at the date of cancellation and 
the Group recognised a charge to equity in accordance with IFRS 2 together with the acceleration of the remaining unamortised fair value in respect of the options of 
US$0.1 million in the Consolidated Income Statement.

3. The fair value of warrants granted during the year is disclosed in note 28.

The notes on pages 56 to 96 form part of the financial statements.

52

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

Foreign 
currency  Share‑based 
payment 
reserve 

translation 
reserve 

Other 
reserves 

Retained 
losses 

  Attributable 
to the 
parent 

Non‑ 
controlling 
interest 

US$ million 

At 1 July 2009 

Profit for the year 

Other comprehensive income 

Non‑controlling interest acquired 

Equity‑settled share‑based payments 

Transfer of equity portion  
of convertible bond 

Allotments during the year: 

– Fundraising 

– Settlement of loans and borrowings 

– Acquisition of second 50% of CIHL 

– Share options exercised 

Share issue costs  

At 30 June 2010 

Share 
capital 

33.5 

Share 
premium 
account 

212.9 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

20.0 

1.9 

6.0 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

99.9 

9.0 

33.8 

0.1 

(8.2) 

(6.9) 

— 

(19.2) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1.8 

— 

(0.5) 

— 

1.7 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1.6 

4.6 

4.0 

— 

(0.1) 

— 

— 

(197.5) 

63.5 

— 

— 

— 

(4.0) 

4.0 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

47.8 

63.5 

(19.8) 

— 

1.7 

— 

119.9 

10.9 

39.8 

0.1 

(6.6) 

9.5 

6.7 

— 

17.4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Total  

equity

57.3

70.2

(19.8)

17.4

1.7

—

119.9

10.9

39.8

0.1

(6.6)

61.4 

347.5 

(26.1) 

(0.1) 

(130.0) 

257.3 

33.6 

290.9

Share capital
The share capital comprises the issued ordinary shares of the Company at par.

Share premium account
The share premium account comprises the excess value recognised from the issue of ordinary shares at par.

Foreign currency translation reserve
The  foreign  currency  translation  reserve  comprises  all  foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  foreign  entities 
and foreign exchange differences on net investments in foreign operations.

Share‑based payment reserve
The share‑based payment reserve comprises:

U   the fair value of employee options as measured at grant date and spread over the Period during which the employees become unconditionally 

entitled to the options; 

U  the fair value of warrants as measured at grant date and recognised immediately to reflect the vesting conditions; and 

U  amounts transferred to retained losses in respect of exercised and lapsed warrants and options.

Other reserves
The  other  reserves  comprise  the  cumulative  gains  or  losses  arising  from  available  for  sale  financial  assets  of  US$0.5  million 
(30 June 2010: US$0.1 million).

Retained losses
The retained losses comprise the Group’s cumulative accounting losses incurred since incorporation.

Non‑controlling interest
Non‑controlling interest comprises amounts attributable to third party shareholders in the Cullinan, Kimberley Underground, Koffiefontein, Star, 
Helam and Sedibeng mines. The non‑controlling interest of total comprehensive income includes US$10.0 million (30 June 2010: US$6.7 million) 
of profit for the year. 

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Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
At 30 June 2011

US$ million 

ASSETS 

Non‑current assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Available‑for‑sale financial assets 

Loans and other receivables 

Total non‑current assets 

Current assets 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Derivative financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents – unrestricted 

Cash and cash equivalents – restricted 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

Equity  

Share capital 

Share premium account 

Foreign currency translation reserve 

Share‑based payment reserve 

Other reserves 

Retained losses 

Attributable to equity holders of the parent company 

Non‑controlling interest 

Total equity 

LIABILITIES 

Non‑current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Trade and other payables 

Provisions 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Total non‑current liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Other current liabilities – firm commitment 

Trade and other payables 

Current tax payable 

Provisions 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

2011 

2010

14 

17 

19 

18 

19 

26 

20 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

22 

26 

23 

23 

24 

501.4 

0.4 

51.1 

552.9 

32.9 

49.8 

6.0 

96.9 

228.0 

413.6 

966.5 

84.8 

645.6 

(10.7) 

9.7 

(0.5) 

(61.9) 

667.0 

32.0 

699.0 

71.4 

29.0 

63.1 

37.7 

201.2 

18.7 

6.0 

39.4 

— 

2.2 

66.3 

267.5 

966.5 

371.0

0.8

32.2

404.0

29.4

23.5

24.8

9.7

87.4

491.4

61.4

347.5

(26.1)

4.6

(0.1)

(130.0)

257.3

33.6

290.9

47.1

23.2

50.0

30.3

150.6

17.4

29.2

1.1

2.2

49.9

200.5

491.4

 —

 —

The notes on pages 56 to 96 form part of the financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Directors on 28 November 2011.

54

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cashflows

US$ million 

Notes 

Profit before taxation for the year from continuing operations 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment – exploration 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment – mining  
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment – other 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Reversal of impairment 
Impairment 
Profit on sale of Kono project 
Loss/(profit) on sale of property, plant and equipment 
Recycling of foreign exchange differences on exploration projects 
Release of fair value uplift on sales of inventory acquired through second 50% acquisition of CIHL 
Fair value uplift on acquisition of additional 50% of CIHL  
(Increase)/decrease in provisions 
Finance income 
Finance expense 
Share‑based payment provision 
Payments for share options cancelled 
Foreign exchange gain 

Operating profit before working capital changes 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 
Increase in inventories 

Cash generated from operations 
Finance expense 
Taxation paid 

Net cash generated from operating activities 

Cashflows from investing activities 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
Cash acquired with acquisition of subsidiary   
Acquisition of assets at Kimberley Underground net of cash 
Acquisition of assets at Kimberley Underground pre‑acquisition  
Acquisition of 4% interest in Koffiefontein 
Finance income 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Loans advanced to BEE partners 
Transfer to restricted cash deposits 

Net cash utilised in investing activities   

Cashflows from financing activities 
Proceeds from the issuance of share capital 
Payment of share placing costs 
Increase in non‑current borrowings 
Repayment of non‑current borrowings 
Repayment of current borrowings 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

10 

3 

2011 

64.4 
0.1 
22.2 
0.1 
— 
(11.7) 
5.2 
— 
0.3 
— 
— 
— 
1.4 
(7.7) 
11.5 
1.9 
(0.8) 
(18.9) 

68.0 
(24.8) 
12.5 
(3.5) 

52.2 
(1.2) 
(0.4) 

50.6 

0.1 
— 
0.3 
— 
(0.8) 
2.2 
(105.2) 
(8.7) 
(218.3) 

(330.4) 

339.1 
(17.6) 
75.6 
(15.0) 
(32.3) 

349.8 

70.0 
24.8 
2.1 

96.9 

 —
 —

 —

 —

 —

 —

2010

69.0
0.1
11.6
0.2
1.0

(0.8)
(3.7)
(12.3)
26.4
(31.0)
(2.1)
(7.8)
12.6
0.9

(5.1)

59.0
(0.3)
4.6
(11.2)

52.1
(1.6)
(1.7)

48.8

3.9
0.4
(2.0)
(16.6)

0.4
(33.4)

(5.3)

(52.6)

120.1
(6.6)

(43.8)
(48.0)

21.7

17.9
6.7
0.2

24.8

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Significant non‑cashflow transactions which are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cashflows are set out in note 31.

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011

1. Accounting policies
Petra Diamonds Limited (“Petra” or “the Company” or “the Group”), a limited liability company quoted on AIM, is registered in Bermuda with 
its  group  management  office  domiciled  in  Jersey.  The  Company’s  registered  address  is  2  Church  Street,  Hamilton,  Bermuda.  The  financial 
statements incorporate the principal accounting policies set out below, which are, except as noted below, consistent with those adopted in the 
previous financial statements. 

1.1 Basis of preparation 
The Group financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS and IFRIC Interpretations) 
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), as adopted by the European Union (“IFRS”). 

Going concern
The Group’s business activities, together with factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position are set out in the CEO’s 
Review and the Business Review. The financial position of the Group, its cashflows and borrowing facilities are set out in the CEO’s Review 
and the Financial Review. The notes to the financial statements set out the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital, 
exposures to credit risk and liquidity risk. As detailed in note 22(vii), the Group is to repay the deferred Al Rajhi Holdings W.L.L./Cullinan 
consideration of US$18.7 million in December 2011. 

The Directors have reviewed the Group’s current cash resources, funding requirements and ongoing trading of the operations. As a result of the 
review, the going concern basis has been adopted in preparing the financial statements and the Directors have no reason to believe that the 
Group will not be a going concern in the foreseeable future based on forecasts and available cash resources. 

Currency reporting 
The functional currency of the Company is pounds sterling (GBP) and the functional currency of the Group’s business transactions in Botswana 
and Tanzania is US dollars. The functional currency of the South African operations is South African rand (ZAR); reference to transactions in 
South African rand in the Annual Report is denoted by an R. The Group financial statements are presented in US dollars. Also refer to the 
foreign currency accounting policy in note 1.14. ZAR balances are translated to US dollars at R6.83 (30 June 2010: R7.65) as at 30 June 2011 
and at an average rate of R7.00 (30 June 2010: R7.61) for transactions during the year ending 30 June 2011.

1.2 New standards and interpretations applied
The IASB has issued the following new standards, amendments to published standards and interpretations to existing standards with effective 
dates prior to 1 July 2010 which have been adopted by the Group for the first time this year:

IAS 32 
IFRS 1 
IFRS 1 
IFRS 2 
General 
IFRIC 19 

Amendment – Classification of Rights Issues 
Amendment – First‑time Adopters of IFRS 
Additional Exemptions for First‑time Adopters 
Amendment – Group Cash‑settled Share‑based Payment Transactions 
Improvements to IFRS (2009) 
Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments 

Effective period  
commencing on or after 
1 February 2010 
1 July 2010 
1 January 2010 
1 January 2010 
1 January 2010 
1 July 2010 

Impact on Group
No
No
No
No
No
No

New standards and interpretations not yet effective
Certain  new  standards,  amendments  and  interpretations  to  existing  standards  have  been  published  that  are  mandatory  for  the  Group’s 
accounting periods beginning after 1 July 2011 or later periods and which the Group has decided not to adopt early. These are:

IAS 24 
IFRIC 14 

IFRS 7* 
IFRS 1* 

IAS 12*  
IAS 1* 
IFRS 9* 
IFRS 10* 
IFRS 11* 
IFRS 12* 
IFRS 13* 
IFRIC 20 
IAS 27* 
IAS 28* 
IAS 19* 

Revised – Related Party Disclosures 
Amendment – IAS 19 Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset 
Improvements to IFRSs (2010) 
Amendment – Transfer of Financial Assets 
Amendment – Severe Hyperinflation and Removal of Fixed Dates  
for First‑time Adopters 
Amendment – Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets  
Amendment – Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income 
Financial Instruments 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
Joint Arrangements 
Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities 
Fair Value Measurement 
Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine 
Amendment – Separate Financial Statements 
Amendment – Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures 
Amendment – Employee Benefits 

* Not yet adopted by the European Union.
The Group is currently assessing the impact of these standards on the financial statements.

Effective period commencing on or after
1 January 2011
1 January 2011
1 January 2011
1 July 2011

1 July 2011
1 January 2012
1 July 2012
1 January 2013
1 January 2013
1 January 2013
1 January 2013
1 January 2013
 1 January 2013
1 January 2013
1 January 2013
1 January 2013

56

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Accounting policies continued
1.3 Basis of consolidation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are those entities over which financial and operating policies the Group has the power to exercise control. The Group financial 
statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. The results of subsidiaries acquired 
and disposed of during a financial year are included from the effective dates of acquisition to the effective dates of disposal. Where necessary, 
the accounting policies of subsidiaries are changed to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Business combinations
The results of business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method. In the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the 
acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of 
acquired operations are included in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income from the date on which control is obtained. 
Business combinations are deconsolidated from the date control ceases. The interest of non‑controlling shareholders in the acquiree is initially 
measured at the non‑controlling shareholders’ proportion of the fair value of the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. All costs 
incurred on business combinations are charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. 

Changes in the Group’s ownership interests that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

Non‑controlling interests
Non‑controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the Group’s equity. Non‑controlling interests 
consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original business combination and the non‑controlling shareholder’s share of changes 
in  equity  since  the  date  of  the  combination.  As  a  result  of  the  revision  to  IAS  27  “Consolidated  and  Separate  Financial  Statements”, 
the  non‑controlling  interests’  share  of  losses,  where  applicable,  are  attributed  to  the  non‑controlling  interests  irrespective  of  whether  the 
non‑controlling shareholders have a binding obligation and are able to make an additional investment to cover the losses. 

Associates
An associate is an enterprise over whose financial and operating policies the Group has the power to exercise significant influence and which 
is  neither  a  subsidiary  nor  a  joint  venture  of  the  Group.  The  equity  method  of  accounting  for  associates  is  adopted  in  the  Group  financial 
statements. In applying the equity method, account is taken of the Group’s share of accumulated retained earnings and movements in reserves 
from the effective date on which an enterprise becomes an associate and up to the effective date of disposal. 

The share of associated retained earnings and reserves is generally determined from the associate’s latest audited financial statements. Where the 
Group’s share of losses of an associate exceeds the carrying amount of the associate, the associate is carried at nil. 

Additional losses are only recognised to the extent that the Group has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 
Intra‑group balances and transactions, and any gains or losses arising from intra‑group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated 
financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with associates and jointly controlled entities are eliminated to the extent of the 
Group’s  interest  in  the  enterprises.  Unrealised  gains  arising  from  transactions  with  associates  are  eliminated  against  the  investment  in  the 
associates.  Unrealised  losses  on  transactions  with  associates  are  eliminated  in  the  same  way  as  unrealised  gains  except  that  they  are  only 
eliminated to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

1.4 Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historic cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Where an item 
of property, plant and equipment comprises major components with different useful lives, the components are accounted for as separate items 
of property, plant and equipment. Depreciation is provided on the straight‑line basis over the estimated useful lives of assets. 

The depreciation rates are as follows:

Mining assets:

Plant, machinery and equipment 
Mineral properties 

Units of production method 
Units of production method

Exploration and other assets:

Plant and machinery 
Office equipment 
Computer equipment 
Motor vehicles 

10%–20% straight‑line basis 
10% straight‑line basis 
25% straight‑line basis 
20% straight‑line basis

Mineral properties for the Group’s operating mines, Cullinan, Williamson, Koffiefontein, Kimberley Underground, Helam, Sedibeng and Star are 
based on current life of mine plans. The current mine plans indicate useful life of mines of between 12 and 22 years. Resources remaining after 
the current life of mine plans have not been included in depreciation calculations. 

Cullinan mining assets relating to the C‑Cut block of the mine have not been depreciated as the C‑Cut has not yet been accessed. Assets 
transferable to the C‑Cut phase one development are being depreciated over the specific tonnes associated with the identified areas. All other 
Cullinan assets are being depreciated over the life of mine of specific areas mined.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

1. Accounting policies continued
1.4 Property, plant and equipment continued
Subsequent expenditure relating to an item of property, plant and equipment is capitalised when it is probable that future economic benefits 
from the use of that asset will be increased. All other subsequent expenditure is recognised as an expense in the Period in which it is incurred. 

Expenditure relating to an item of property, plant and equipment considered to be an asset under construction is capitalised when it is probable 
that future economic benefits from the use of that asset will be realised. 

Surpluses/(deficits) on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are credited/(charged) to the Consolidated Income Statement. The surplus 
or deficit is the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset. 

1.5 Leases
Finance leases 
Leases that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the underlying asset to the Group are classified as finance leases. Assets 
acquired  under  terms  of  finance  leases  are  capitalised  at  the  lower  of  fair  value  and  the  present  value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments  at 
inception of the lease and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. The capital element of future obligations under the leases is 
included as a liability in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 

Lease payments are allocated using the effective interest rate method to determine the lease finance cost, which is charged against income over 
the lease period and the capital repayment, which reduces the liability to the lessor. 

Operating leases 
Leases where the lessor retains the risks and rewards of ownership of the underlying asset are classified as operating leases. Payments made 
under operating leases are charged against income on a straight‑line basis over the period of the lease. 

1.6 Exploration and evaluation costs
Exploration and evaluation costs on greenfield sites are written off in the year in which they are incurred. Pre‑production expenditure is only 
capitalised once feasibility studies indicate commercial viability and the Board takes the decision to develop the project further. Capitalisation 
of  pre‑production  expenditure  ceases  when  the  project  is  capable  of  commercial  production  where  upon  it  is  amortised  on  a  unit  of 
production basis. 

Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  on  brownfield  sites,  being  those  adjacent  to  deposits  already  being  mined  or  where  the  economic 
feasibility  of  existing  deposits  has  yet  to  be  proven,  is  capitalised  within  mineral  properties.  Amortisation  only  occurs  upon  commencement 
of commercial production. 

1.7 Intangible assets 
Mineral rights are capitalised at cost and are amortised on a unit of production basis for operating mines and over the estimated useful life 
for prospecting rights. Amortisation is included within mining and processing costs or exploration expenditure as appropriate. 

1.8 Impairment
The carrying amounts of the Group’s assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. 
If there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, its recoverable amount is estimated. The recoverable amount is the higher of its net 
selling price and its value in use. 

In assessing value in use, the expected future pre‑tax cashflows from the asset are discounted to their present value using a pre‑tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss is recognised whenever 
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. 

For an asset that does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for 
the  cash‑generating  unit  to  which  the  asset  belongs.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  in  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement  whenever 
the carrying amount of the cash‑generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. 

A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed if the recoverable amount increases as a result of a change in the estimates used to determine 
the recoverable amount, but not to an amount higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no 
impairment loss been recognised in prior years. 

Refer to note 9 for detailed disclosure of the results of reversal of impairments and impairment reviews performed. Reversal of impairments and 
impairment charges and reversals are credited/(charged) to a separate line item under total costs in the Consolidated Income Statement. 

1.9 Financial instruments
Financial assets
The Group classifies its financial assets into one of the following categories and the Group’s accounting policy for each category is as follows:

Fair value through profit or loss
This category comprises only in‑the‑money derivatives that were not designated and effective for hedge accounting at inception. They are carried 
in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement 
in the finance income or finance expense line. The Group does not have any assets held for trading nor does it voluntarily classify any financial 
assets as being at fair value through profit or loss. 

58

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

1. Accounting policies continued
1.9 Financial instruments continued
Loans and receivables
These assets are non‑derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. The assets arise 
principally through the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also incorporate other types of contractual 
monetary assets including cash and cash equivalents and loans and other receivables. They are initially recognised at the fair value plus transaction 
costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment. 

Available‑for‑sale
Non‑derivative financial assets not included in the above categories are classified as available for sale and comprise principally of the Group’s 
strategic investment in the entities not qualifying as subsidiaries, associates or jointly controlled entities. The assets are carried at fair value with 
changes in fair value recognised directly in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income and accumulated in other reserves. 
Where a decline in the fair value of an available‑for‑sale financial asset constitutes objective evidence of impairment, the amount of the loss 
is removed from equity and recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. Fair values of quoted investments are based on current market 
prices. The Group only holds quoted investments. Available for sale financial assets are fair valued at each reported date and reviewed as set out 
above. As at 30 June 2011 a cumulative loss of US$0.5 million (30 June 2010: loss of US$0.1 million) was recorded in other reserves in respect 
of the available‑for‑sale financial assets. 

Financial liabilities 
The  Group  classifies  its  financial  liabilities  into  one  of  two  categories,  depending  on  the  purpose  for  which  the  asset  was  acquired.  Other 
than financial liabilities in a qualifying hedging relationship (see below), the Group’s accounting policy for each category is as follows: 

Fair value through profit or loss 
This  category  comprises  only  out‑of‑the‑money  derivatives  that  were  not  designated  and  effective  for  hedge  accounting  at  inception 
(see Financial Assets on page 58 for “in‑the‑money” derivatives). The liabilities are carried in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at fair 
value with changes in fair value recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement in the finance income or finance expense line. 

Other liabilities
Trade payables and other short‑term and long‑term monetary liabilities
Trade payables  and other short‑term  and  long‑term  monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value, are subsequently carried 
at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Interest‑bearing borrowings 
Bank borrowings and the debt element of convertible debt issued are recognised initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Such 
interest‑bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that any interest 
expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of liability carried in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 
“Interest expense” in this context includes initial transaction costs and premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable 
while the liability is outstanding. 

Hedging instruments
Derivative financial instruments are initially measured at fair value on the contract date and are subsequently re‑measured to fair value at each 
reporting date. On the date that relevant derivative contracts are entered into, the Group may designate the derivative for hedge accounting. 
Where a hedge instrument is designated for hedge accounting at inception, the Group formally assesses, at inception and on an ongoing basis, 
whether the derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cashflows of the hedged item. 

Cashflow hedges
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is effective in offsetting changes in the cashflow of the hedged item, and that is designated and 
qualifies as a cashflow hedge, are recognised directly in equity. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting 
or were not designated for hedge accounting at inception are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. Amounts recognised in equity are 
transferred to the Consolidated Income Statement in the Period during which the hedged forecast impacts net profit or loss. Any ineffective element 
of a cashflow hedge, which has been designated for hedge accounting, is taken to the Consolidated Income Statement. The Group has not had 
any hedging instruments designated as cashflow hedges for hedge accounting as at 30 June 2011 or 30 June 2010. 

Fair value hedges
Where  derivatives  are  used  to  hedge  the  Group’s  exposure  to  fair  value  risk  and  qualify  and  are  designated  as  fair  value  hedges,  both  the 
derivative  and  hedged  item  are  measured  at  fair  value  with  changes  in  fair  value  recognised  in  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement  within 
financial  income/(expense).  During  the  year,  the  Group  has  designated  forward  currency  contracts  and  restricted  foreign  currency  deposits 
as hedging instruments; representing a fair value hedge of the foreign exchange risk on the firm commitment to purchase the Finsch mine. The 
hedging instruments are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at fair value and changes in fair value are recognised in the 
Consolidated Income Statement. The change in the fair value of the unrecognised firm commitment attributable to the hedged risk (foreign 
exchange variation) is recognised as an “other asset/(liability)” and recognised within the Consolidated Income Statement to the extent that the 
hedge is effective. 

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59

 
Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

1. Accounting policies continued
1.9 Financial instruments continued
Impairment of financial assets
Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on the part of the counterparty 
or default or significant delay in payment) that the Group will be unable to collect all the amounts due under the terms receivable, the amount 
of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present value of the future expected cashflows associated 
with the impaired receivable. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account with 
the loss being recognised within administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement. On confirmation that the trade receivable 
will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Fair value hierarchy
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified according to their fair value hierarchy as disclosed in note 26.

1.10 Revenue 
Revenue comprises net invoiced diamond sales to customers excluding VAT. Diamond sales are made through a competitive tender process and 
recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer, costs can be measured reliably and receipt of future 
economic benefits is probable. This is deemed to be the point at which the tender is awarded. 

Revenue from test production on projects pending confirmation of commercial viability is credited to revenue and an equal amount charged 
to cost of sales and credited to mineral properties so as to record zero margin. 

1.11 Finance and other income
Finance and other income comprise income from interest and other non‑operating income. Interest is recognised on a time apportioned basis, 
taking account of the principal outstanding and the effective rate over the period to maturity, when it is probable that such income will accrue 
to the Group. 

1.12 Tax 
Current tax comprises tax payable calculated on the basis of the expected taxable income for the year, using the tax rates enacted or substantively 
enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment of tax payable for previous years. 

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, based on temporary differences. Temporary differences are differences between 
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax base. The amount of deferred tax provided is based 
on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities using tax rates enacted or substantively 
enacted at the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement except to the extent that it relates to a transaction that is recognised directly 
in  Other  Comprehensive  Income,  or  a  business  combination  that  is  an  acquisition.  The  effect  on  deferred  tax  of  any  changes  in  tax  rates 
is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items previously charged or credited directly to Other 
Comprehensive Income. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the associated unused 
tax losses and deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that 
the related tax benefit will be realised. 

1.13 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, for which it is probable 
that an outflow of economic benefits will occur and where a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the effect 
of discounting is material, provisions are discounted. The discount rate used is a pre‑tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. 

Decommissioning, mine closure and environmental rehabilitation 
The  estimated  cost  of  decommissioning  and  rehabilitation  will  generally  occur  on  or  after  the  closure  of  the  mine,  based  on  current  legal 
requirements and existing technology. A provision is raised based on the present value of the estimated costs. These costs are included in the cost 
of the related asset. The capitalised assets are depreciated in accordance with the accounting policy for property, plant and equipment. Annual 
increases in the provision, as a result of the change in the net present value, are charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. Annual 
increases in the provision due to the unwinding of the discount are recognised as a finance expense. The cost of the ongoing programmes 
to prevent and control pollution, and ongoing rehabilitation costs of the Group’s operations, is charged against income as incurred. 

The  obligation  to  restore  environmental  damage  caused  through  operations  is  raised  as  the  relevant  operations  take  place.  Assumptions 
have been made as to the remaining life of existing operations based on studies conducted by independent technical advisers. 

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

1. Accounting policies continued
1.14 Foreign currency
Foreign currency transactions 
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at rates of exchange ruling at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Gains and losses arising on translation are credited to, 
or charged against, income. The issue of shares are included in share capital and share premium at the prevailing US$/sterling spot rate at the 
date of the transaction. 

Financial statements of foreign entities 
Assets and liabilities of foreign entities (i.e. those with a functional currency other than US$) are translated at rates of exchange ruling at the 
financial year end; income and expenditure and cashflow items are translated at rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction or at rates 
approximating the rates of exchange at the date of the translation where appropriate. Fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a 
foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the exchange rate ruling at the reporting date. Exchange 
differences arising from the translation of foreign entities are taken directly to a foreign currency translation reserve. 

Foreign operations
Unrealised gains and losses arising on the translation of loans to subsidiaries into the currency in which they are denominated and that are not 
expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future are treated as part of the net investment in foreign operations. The unrealised foreign exchange gains 
and losses attributable to foreign operations are taken directly to the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income and reflected in 
the foreign currency translation reserve. 

Unrealised  gains  and  losses  arising  on  the  translation  of  loans  to  subsidiaries  into  the  currency  in  which  they  are  denominated  and  that 
are expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement. 

1.15 Short‑term employee benefits 
The cost of all short‑term employee benefits is recognised during the Period in which the employee renders the related service. The provisions for 
employee entitlements to wages, salaries and annual leave represent the amount which the Group has a present obligation to pay as a result of 
employees’ services provided to the reporting date. The provisions have been calculated based on current wage and salary rates. 

1.16 Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held on call with banks, investments in money market instruments, and net of bank 
overdrafts,  all  of  which  are  available  for  use  by  the  Group  unless  otherwise  stated.  Restricted  cash  represents  amounts  held  by  banks  as 
a guarantee in respect of environmental rehabilitation obligations in respect of the Group’s South African mines and deposits held in escrow 
accounts not freely available to the Group. 

1.17 Employee pension schemes
Defined contribution scheme
Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension schemes are recognised as an expense in the Consolidated Income Statement 
as incurred. 

Defined benefit scheme
The defined  benefit liability or  asset recognised  in  the  financial statements represents  the present value  of the defined benefit obligation 
as adjusted for unrecognised actuarial gains and losses and unrecognised past service costs, and reduced by the fair value of plan assets. 
Any net asset recognised is limited to unrecognised actuarial losses, plus the present value of available refunds and any reduction in future 
contributions that the Company is entitled to in terms of Section 15E of the Pension Funds Act in South Africa. 

Actuarial gains and losses are recognised to the extent that, at the beginning of the financial period, any cumulative unrecognised actuarial gain 
or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the present value of the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of the plan assets (“the corridor”), 
that portion is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income over the expected average remaining service lives 
of participating employees. Actuarial gains or losses within the corridor are not recognised. 

The actuarial calculation is performed by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. 

1.18 Post‑retirement medical fund
The Group operates a post‑retirement medical fund, which is unfunded and therefore recognised as a liability on the Consolidated Statement 
of Financial Position within provisions. The liability is based on an actuarial valuation performed at each year‑end reporting date.

1.19 Share‑based payments 
The fair value of options granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The fair value 
is measured at grant date and spread over the Period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options. The fair value 
of the options granted is measured based on the Black‑Scholes model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the instruments 
were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of share options that vest except where forfeiture 
is only due to share prices not achieving the threshold for vesting. The exercise price is fixed at the date of grant and no compensation is due at 
the date of grant. On exercise, equity is increased by the amount of the proceeds received. 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

1. Accounting policies continued
1.20 Inventories 
Inventories,  which  include  rough  diamonds,  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  of  production  on  the  weighted  average  basis  or  estimated  net 
realisable  value.  Cost  of  production  includes  direct  labour,  other  direct  costs  and  related  production  overheads.  Net  realisable  value  is  the 
estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less marketing costs. Consumable stores are stated at the lower of cost on the weighted 
average basis or estimated replacement value. Work in progress is stated at raw material cost including allocated labour and overhead costs. 

1.21 Convertible notes 
Convertible notes that can be converted to share capital at the option of the holder, where the number of shares issued does not vary with changes 
in their fair value, are accounted for as compound financial instruments and are accordingly split between debt and equity in the Group’s financial 
statements. Transaction costs that relate to the issue of a compound financial instrument are allocated to the liability and equity components in 
proportion to the allocation of proceeds. The equity component of the convertible notes is calculated as the excess of the fair value over the 
present value of the future cashflows, discounted at the market rate of interest applicable to similar liabilities that do not have a conversion 
option. The interest expense recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement is calculated using the effective interest rate method (also see 
interest‑bearing borrowings in note 1.9). 

1.22 Segment reporting 
A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group that is engaged either in providing mining or exploration activities, or in providing 
products  or  services  within  a  particular  economic  environment, which  is  subject to  risks  and  rewards  that  are different  from  those  of  other 
segments. The basis of segment reporting is representative of the internal structure used for management reporting. 

1.23 Borrowing costs 
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost 
of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which the borrowing cost is incurred. 

1.24 Critical assumptions and judgements
The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  judgements  and  form  assumptions 
that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  the  assets  and  liabilities,  reported  revenue  and  costs  during  the  periods  presented  therein,  and  the 
disclosure  of  contingent  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial  statements.  Estimates  and  judgements  are  continually  evaluated  and  based 
on  management’s  historical  experience  and  other  factors,  including  future  expectations  and  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable. 
The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  financial  results  of  the  Group  in  future 
reporting periods are discussed below. 

Judgements
Life of mine and ore reserves
There are numerous risks inherent in estimating ore reserves and the associated life of a mine. Therefore management must make a number 
of assumptions in making those estimates, including assumptions as to exchange rates, rough diamond and other commodity prices, recovery 
and production rates. Any such estimates and assumptions may change as new information becomes available. Changes in exchange rates, 
commodity prices, recovery and production rates may change the economic viability of ore reserves and may ultimately result in the restatement of 
the ore reserves and potential impairment to the carrying value of the mining assets and life of mine. The determination of the life of mine and 
ore reserves also impacts the depreciation of mining assets depreciated on a unit of production basis, as set out in note 1.4. 

Impairment reviews
While conducting an impairment review of its assets, the Group exercises judgement in making assumptions about future rough diamond prices, 
ore reserves, rehabilitation costs, feasibility studies, future development and production costs. Changes in estimates used can result in significant 
changes to the Consolidated Income Statement. The policy in respect of impairment reviews is set out in note 1.8 and details of impairment 
reviews carried out during the year are set out in note 9. 

Taxation judgement
The Group has received a number of historical tax claims in respect of its mining operations, relating to the period prior to the operations 
being acquired by the Group. Judgement is applied by management, having consulted with local tax advisers, on the probability of payments 
being made to settle the claims. A provision of US$2.2 million (30 June 2010: US$2.2 million) has been made in respect of these claims. 

Capitalisation of feasibility and development costs at the Williamson mine
Judgement  has  been  applied  by  management  during  the  prior  year  in  determining  whether  feasibility  expenditure  should  be  capitalised  or 
expensed. The Group embarked on a feasibility study at the Williamson mine through an intensive bulk sampling programme with a view to better 
understanding the ore‑body. This was done to optimise the design of the treatment plant to further increase production in the future. Based on 
management’s judgements, direct expenditure was considered to be capital in nature and was capitalised on the basis that the future economic 
benefits of the mining assets were expected to flow to the Group in line with guidance from IAS 16. All other costs are expensed as care and 
maintenance costs. During the current year, the Group incurred costs as part of its refurbishment and expansion project to upgrade the plant. 
All direct costs incurred by the Group, including internal development costs, which are directly attributable to bringing the asset into use and 
which increase the future economic benefits that will flow to the Group, have been capitalised. 

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1. Accounting policies continued
1.24 Critical assumptions and judgements continued
Assumptions and estimates
Provision for rehabilitation 
Significant  estimates  and  assumptions  are  made  in  determining  the  amount  attributable  to  rehabilitation  provisions.  These  deal  with 
uncertainties such as the legal and regulatory framework, timing and future costs. In determining the amount attributable to rehabilitation 
provisions,  management  used  a  discount  rate  range  of  8%–9%  (30  June  2010:  6%–9%),  current  life  of  mine  plans  of  11  to  53  years 
(30  June  2010:  11  to  53  years)  and  an  inflation  rate  range  of  6.9%–7.0%  (30  June  2010:  5.5%–7.0%).  The  carrying  value  of  rehabilitation 
provisions at the reporting date is US$55.8 million (30 June 2010: US$44.7 million).

Valuation of share options 
In  determining  the  fair  value  of  share‑based  payments  made  during  the  year  to  employees,  a  number  of  assumptions  have  been  made  by 
management.  The  details  of  these  assumptions  are  set  out  in  note  28.  The  total  charge  to  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement  in  respect 
of share‑based payments for the year is US$1.9 million (30 June 2010: US$1.7 million). 

Valuation of warrants 
In determining the fair value of warrants issued during the year, a number of assumptions have been made by management. The details 
of these assumptions are set out in note 28. The fair value of the warrants is debited against pre‑payments until such time as the loan is drawn 
down. When the loan is drawn down, the fair value is debited against the interest bearing non‑current borrowings and the effective interest rate 
and associated accretion charges adjusted accordingly. The fair value of the warrants for the year is US$7.9 million (30 June 2010: US$nil) of which 
US$6.8 million (30 June 2010: US$nil) has been debited against the interest‑bearing non‑current borrowings.

During  FY  2010,  a  number  of  assumptions  were  made  by  management  in  respect  of  warrants  issued  as  part  of  a  capital  raising  exercise. 
The  details  of  these  assumptions  are  set  out  in  note  28.  The  fair  value  of  the  warrants  (US$1.6  million)  was  debited  against  the  share 
premium account, being a directly attributable cost of the capital raising exercise.

Deferred tax
Judgement  is  applied  in  making  assumptions  about  future  taxable  income,  including  diamond  prices,  production,  rehabilitation  costs 
and expenditure to determine the extent to which the Group recognises deferred tax assets. 

2. Segment information
Segment information is presented in respect of the Group’s operating and geographical segments:

Mining – the extraction and sale of rough diamonds from mining operations in South Africa and Tanzania.

Exploration  –  exploration  activities  in  Botswana.  In  the  prior  year,  the  Group  exited  from  exploration  activities  in  Sierra  Leone  as  a  result 
of the disposal of its interest in Basama Diamonds Ltd. The Group exited from exploration activities in Angola during FY 2009 and realised profits 
on disposal of HS Angolan assets in FY 2010. 

Segments are based on the Group’s management and internal reporting structure. Management reviews the Group’s performance by reviewing 
the results of the mining activities in South Africa and Tanzania, reviewing the results of the exploration activities in Botswana and reviewing the 
corporate administration expenses in Jersey. Each segment derives, or aims to derive, its revenue from diamond mining and diamond sales, 
except for the corporate and administration cost centre.

Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 
Segment results are calculated after charging direct mining costs and depreciation. Unallocated items comprise mainly interest‑earning assets 
and  income,  interest‑bearing  borrowings  and  expenses,  and  corporate  assets  and  expenses.  Segment  capital  expenditure  is  the  total  cost 
incurred during the Period to acquire or construct segment assets that are expected to be used for more than one period. Eliminations comprise 
transactions between Group companies that are cancelled on consolidation. The results are not materially affected by seasonal variations. 
Revenues are generated from tenders held in Johannesburg and Antwerp for external customers from various countries, the ultimate customers 
of which are not known to the Group.

The  Group’s  non‑current  assets  are  located  in  South  Africa  US$472.5  million  (30  June  2010:  US$358.6  million),  Tanzania  US$79.9  million 
(30 June 2010: US$44.6 million) and Jersey US$0.5 million (30 June 2010: US$0.8 million).

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

2. Segment information continued

Operating segments 
US$ million 
Revenue  
Segment result 
Other income/(expense) 
Operating profit/(loss) 
Reversal of impairment – Fissures 
Impairment – Fissures  
Financial income 
Financial expense 
Income tax expense  
Non‑controlling interest 
Profit attributable to equity holders  
of the parent company 
Segment assets 
Segment liabilities 
Share‑based payments 
Capital expenditure 

South Africa – mining activities 

Kimberley 
Cullinan  Koffiefontein  Underground 
2011 
18.2 
(0.3) 
(0.4) 
(0.7) 

2011 
140.2 
47.0 
1.9 
48.9 

2011 
30.8 
(1.2) 
0.5 
(0.7) 

Tanzania – 
mining  
  activities 

 Botswana

Corporate 

Fissures  Williamson 
2011 
9.5 
(6.8) 
0.3 
(6.5) 

2011 
21.8 
(5.4) 
0.4 
(5.0) 
11.7 
(5.2) 

2011 
— 
12.1 
— 
12.1 

2011 
— 
(1.5) 
— 
(1.5) 

2011 
0.1 
(3.8) 
— 
(3.8) 

Exploration administration  Inter‑segment  Consolidated 
2011
220.6
40.1
2.7
42.8
11.7
(5.2)
42.5
(27.4)
(5.2)
(5.9)

409.7 
199.3 
0.2 
33.9 

57.7 
30.1 
0.2 
11.0 

71.5 
77.9 
— 
13.0 

110.1 
140.5 
0.1 
16.2 

90.0 
196.0 
0.1 
36.6 

8.8 
27.2 
— 
— 

1,000.7 
320.2 
1.3 
0.2 

(782.0) 
(723.7) 
— 
— 

59.2
966.5
267.5
1.9
110.9

Capital  expenditure  at  the  Helam  Projects  internal  equipment  manufacturing  operation  (a  division  within  the  Fissure  operations)  includes 
work‑in‑progress  of  US$11.0  million  in  respect  of  the  manufacture  of  plant  and  equipment  for  other  mines  within  the  Group.  Other  income 
in respect of the Fissure mines includes US$21.2 million of revenue and US$21.4 million of costs in respect of Helam projects for the manufacture of plant 
and equipment for other mines within the Group. Segment assets and liabilities include inter‑company receivables and payables which are eliminated 
on  consolidation.  Capital  expenditure  at  Williamson  includes  US$35.8  million  of  cash  costs  capitalised  in  respect  of  the  plant  rebuild  and 
expansion programme. 

Operating segments 
US$ million 
Revenue  
Segment result 
Other income 
Operating profit/(loss) 
Fair value uplift on CIHL acquisition 
Recycling of foreign exchange differences  
on exploration projects 
Financial income 
Financial expense 
Income tax credit  
Non‑controlling interest  
Profit attributable to equity holders  
of the parent company 
Segment assets 
Segment liabilities 
Share‑based payments 
Capital expenditure 

320.4 
177.4 
0.3 
17.3 

South Africa – mining activities 

Kimberley 
Cullinan  Koffiefontein  Underground 
2010 
— 
(4.9) 
0.2 
(4.7) 

2010 
112.7 
24.2 
1.2 
25.4 

2010 
22.8 
0.2 
0.6 
0.8 

Tanzania –   
mining  
  activities 

Angola 
Botswana 
 Sierra Leone

Corporate 

Fissures  Williamson 
2010 
14.4 
(6.0) 
0.3 
(5.7) 

2010 
13.5 
(5.4) 
0.1 
(5.3) 

Exploration administration  Inter‑segment  Consolidated 
2010
163.7
17.6
7.8
25.4
31.0

2010 
— 
(1.9) 
0.5 
(1.4) 

2010 
0.3 
11.4 
4.2 
15.6 

2010 
— 
— 
0.7 
0.7 

65.6 
40.9 
0.2 
4.6 

47.5 
54.4 
— 
19.6 

83.6 
112.4 
0.2 
2.5 

48.9 
144.3 
0.1 
11.6 

7.2 
37.9 
— 
— 

601.4 
213.6 
0.9 
0.1 

(683.2) 
(580.4) 
— 
(5.9) 

12.3
27.6
(27.3)
1.2
(6.7)

63.5
491.4
200.5
1.7
49.8

Capital expenditure at Kimberley Underground includes US$16.4 million of capital expenditure incurred prior to acquisition. Capital expenditure 
at Williamson includes US$7.8 million of feasibility costs capitalised. Other income in respect of the Fissure mines includes US$15.8 million of 
revenue and US$15.1 million of costs in respect of the manufacture of plant and equipment for other mines within the Group. Segment assets 
and liabilities include inter‑company receivables and payables which are eliminated on consolidation.

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Acquisitions 
30 June 2011
(a) Increase in effective interest in the Koffiefontein mine to 74%
On 10 December 2010, the Company increased its effective interest in the Koffiefontein mine in South Africa from 70% to 74% for a cash 
consideration of R6.0 million (US$0.8 million).

The additional 4% interest in Koffiefontein was purchased by Blue Diamond Mines (Pty) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, through 
the acquisition of a shareholding in Re‑Teng Diamonds (Pty) Ltd, the holding company of Petra’s BEE partners at Koffiefontein; the interests in 
Koffiefontein are now Petra 74%, BEE partners 26%. 

In the year to 30 June 2011, Koffiefontein recorded a net loss before taxation of R1.4 million (US$0.2 million). If the acquisition had occurred on 
1 July 2010, the Group’s share of the loss from the Koffiefontein mine for the year to 30 June 2011 would have increased by R0.06 million 
(US$0.01 million) and the non‑controlling interest share would have reduced accordingly.

Effect of the acquisition
The purchase had the following effect on the Group’s assets and liabilities:

Koffiefontein net assets at acquisition date 
US$ million
Book value of net assets at 10 December 2010 
Book value of 4% interest acquired 
Fair value of consideration paid:
– Settled in cash 
Excess of carrying value of 4% interest purchased over fair value consideration paid 

43.8
1.7

0.8
0.9

In  accordance  with  IAS  27,  as  the  purchase  represents  a  transaction  with  existing  shareholders  which  has  not  resulted  in  the  gain  or  loss 
of control, the carrying value of the 4% interest acquired of US$1.7 million as at 10 December 2010 has been deducted from the Group’s 
non‑controlling  interest  balance  relating  to  Koffiefontein.  The  US$0.9  million  excess  of  the  carrying  value  of  the  4%  acquired  in  Koffiefontein 
over the fair value consideration of US$0.8 million has been recognised directly in equity and attributed to the Group.

30 June 2010
(b) Investment in the Cullinan mine
On  15  July  2008  Petra,  as  a  shareholder  in  CIHL,  acquired  a  37%  interest  in  the  Cullinan  mine  in  South  Africa.  Petra  held  a  50%  interest 
in, and jointly controlled, CIHL. CIHL has a 74% interest in, and controls, Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd, the company which acquired the 
assets and  liabilities  of  the  Cullinan  mine  from  De  Beers  Consolidated  Mines  Ltd  (“DBCM”);  CIHL  consolidates  the  Cullinan  operations  and 
recognises a 26% non‑controlling interest, being the interests of Petra’s BEE partners in the Cullinan mine. In the Period ending 30 June 2009, 
the Group used the proportionate method of consolidation and therefore reflected 50% of the Cullinan operating results, assets and liabilities, 
and a 13% non‑controlling interest.

On  17  December  2009,  the  Company  acquired  Al  Rajhi  Holdings  W.L.L.’s  (“Al  Rajhi”)  50%  interest  in  CIHL,  which  in  turn  increased  Petra’s 
ownership in the mine to 74%. On acquisition of Al Rajhi’s 50% interest in CIHL, the Company assumed responsibility for the US$80.0 million 
Cullinan loan (plus accrued interest of approximately US$9.6 million) that was due to Al Rajhi. The consideration was satisfied by the issue of 
36 million Petra shares (fair value of US$39.8 million based on the prevailing share price at the transaction date) and a deferred consideration of 
US$35.0 million payable by December 2011. The deferred consideration has been discounted over a period of 24 months using a discount factor 
of 6% to US$31.0 million at acquisition. The discounted deferred consideration balance is being accreted over the period of 24 months to the full 
settlement value of US$35.0 million. During the year, the Group settled US$15.0 million of the deferred consideration and the discounted liability 
was adjusted accordingly. After this US$15.0 million payment, the balance of the deferred consideration that is payable by 31 December 2011 
is US$20.0 million. 

There  are  two  elements  to  the  accounting  for  the  transaction  to  acquire  Al  Rajhi’s  50%  interest.  Under  IFRS  3  (revised),  the  transaction 
was accounted for as a stepped acquisition. Petra’s original equity interest in CIHL has been revalued to fair value (based upon the fair value 
of the purchase consideration of the second 50%) of US$71.0 million as at the date of the acquisition of the second 50%, resulting in an income 
statement gain of US$31.0 million as reflected on the income statement as the fair value uplift on the acquisition of CIHL.

The second 50% of CIHL acquired was recognised at fair value on the acquisition date. The fair value of the consideration paid was used as the best 
estimate of the fair value of the net assets acquired; this gave rise to a fair value adjustment of US$61.8 million to the mining property, plant and 
equipment, mineral properties, and inventory (deferred taxation was provided on the fair value adjustment). The Group now has a 100% interest 
in  CIHL,  which  has  a  74%  interest  in  and  controls  the  Cullinan  operations;  CIHL  consolidates  the  Cullinan  operations  and  reflects  a  26% 
non‑controlling interest. The Group therefore now also consolidates the Cullinan mine as a subsidiary with a 26% non‑controlling interest. 
Full consolidation commenced on the acquisition date of 17 November 2009, being the date on which control passed. The passing of control 
occurred prior to the formal completion of the transaction. Prior to this date, the Group used the gross method of proportional consolidation.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

3. Acquisitions continued
30 June 2010 continued
(b) Investment in the Cullinan mine continued
In the 12 months to 30 June 2010, the CIHL group recorded a net profit before taxation of US$57.5 million. If the acquisition had occurred 
on 1 July 2009, the Group’s profit from the CIHL group for the Period ending 30 June 2010 would have increased by US$1.4 million. The underlying 
Cullinan mine generated revenue for the 12 months to 30 June 2010 of R966.9 million (US$127.0 million) and revenue of R748.6 million 
(US$98.3 million) since the date of the acquisition of the second 50% of CIHL. Costs associated with the acquisition have been expensed in full 
in the income statement.

Effect of the acquisition
The acquisition had the following effect on the Group’s assets and liabilities:

CIHL net assets at acquisition date 
US$ million 
Mining property, plant and equipment, mineral properties and inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Deferred tax 
Environmental liabilities 
Long‑term payables 
Employee related payables 
Trade and other payables 
Net assets acquired 
Non‑controlling interest 
Fair value of assets attributable to the parent company    
Satisfied as follows: 
– Consideration satisfied in shares 
– Present value of deferred loan consideration 
– Fair value of initial 37% equity stake 
Fair value cost of business combination 

Book 
values 
166.8 
87.2 
0.8 
5.2 
(15.0) 
(131.0) 
(11.1) 
(11.3) 
91.6 

Fair value 
  adjustments 
85.9 
— 
— 
(24.1) 
— 
— 
— 
— 
61.8 

Fair  

values
252.7
87.2
0.8
(18.9)
(15.0)
(131.0)
(11.1)
(11.3)
153.4
(11.6)
141.8

39.8
31.0
71.0
141.8

(c) Acquisition of the Kimberley Underground mines assets
On  19  May  2010,  the  Company  announced  the  completion  of  its  previously  announced  transaction  with  DBCM  to  acquire  the  mining  and 
associated assets (“Assets”) previously used by DBCM in the operation of the Kimberley Underground diamond mines in Kimberley, South Africa. 
The Company and DBCM entered into the agreement for the sale of the Kimberley Underground Assets in September 2007, however the 
transaction took longer than originally anticipated to complete due to complexities related to the New Order Mining Right, which have now been 
completely resolved.

The  consideration  of  R78.5  million  (US$10.4  million)  was  settled  by  Petra  assuming  DBCM’s  rehabilitation  obligations  with  regards 
to Kimberley Underground of R63.5 million (US$8.4 million) and the payment in cash by Petra to DBCM of R15.0 million (US$2.0 million). 

During  the  period  from  September  2007  to  the  date  of  acquisition,  certain  pre‑acquisition  expenditure  was  capitalised  on  the  basis  that 
the  future  economic benefits of  the  mining  assets  were  expected to  flow  to  the  Group  as  disclosed  in  note  1.4  of  the  financial  statements 
for the year ending 30 June 2009. All other costs were expensed as care and maintenance costs. Care and maintenance costs of R53.9 million 
(US$7.1  million)  were  expensed.  Costs  related  to  ore  stockpiles  of  R37.6  million  (US$4.9  million)  and  fixed  assets  costs  of  R204.6  million 
(US$27.0  million)  were  included  in  inventory  and  fixed  assets  respectively  and  treated  as  part  of  the  consideration  paid,  as  set  out  in  the 
table below.

As set out above, the Group incurred care and maintenance costs in respect of the Kimberley Underground mine in the pre‑acquisition period; 
these care and maintenance costs would have given rise to a loss before taxation of the same amount. In the 12 months to 30 June 2010, 
Kimberley Underground incurred care and maintenance costs of US$2.1 million which were recorded in the books of the Group. Therefore 
if the acquisition had occurred on 1 July 2009 there would have been no change to the losses recorded in respect of Kimberley Underground. 
Kimberley Underground recorded no revenues in the pre or post‑acquisition period.

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3. Acquisitions continued
30 June 2010 continued
(c) Acquisition of the Kimberley Underground mines assets continued
Effect of the acquisition
The acquisition had the following effect on the Group’s assets and liabilities:

Kimberley Underground net assets at acquisition date 
US$ million 
Mining property, plant and equipment, mineral properties and inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Deferred tax 
Environmental liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Net assets acquired 
Non‑controlling interest 
Fair value of assets attributable to the parent company    
Satisfied as follows: 
– Consideration satisfied in cash 
– Expenditure capitalised 
– Contribution from non‑controlling interests 
Fair value cost of business combination 

Book 
values at 
acquisition 
date 
10.0 
— 
— 
— 
(8.4) 
— 
1.6 

Pre‑ 
acquisition 
expenditure 
capitalised 
31.9 
1.8 
0.1 
— 
— 
(11.8) 
22.0 

Total 
acquired 
book 
Fair value 
values  adjustments 
0.5 
41.9 
— 
1.8 
— 
0.1 
(0.1) 
— 
— 
(8.4) 
— 
(11.8) 
0.4 
23.6 

Fair 
values
42.4
1.8
0.1
(0.1)
(8.4)
(11.8)
24.0
(6.2)
17.8

2.0
22.0
(6.2)
17.8

Judgement  was  applied  by  management  in  determining  whether  pre‑acquisition  expenditure  should  be  capitalised  or  expensed.  Management 
exercised judgement based on whether the Group exercised control over the asset, a consideration of guidance from IAS 11, and an assessment of 
the  nature  of  the  expenditure  which  was  incurred  to  bring  the  mining  asset  back  into  a  condition  in  which  it  can  be  utilised  for  mining  and 
production. Based on management’s judgements, expenditure was considered to be capital in nature and was capitalised on the basis that the 
future economic benefits of the mining assets are expected to flow to the Group. All other costs were expensed as care and maintenance costs. 
The Group has capitalised and expensed pre‑acquisition costs during the year as set out above.

(d) Acquisition of subsidiary Williamson Diamond Mine (“Williamson”)
On 10 November 2008, Petra acquired the entire share capital of Wilcroft Company Ltd from Cheviot Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of 
De Beers Société Anonyme (“De Beers”) for a cash consideration of US$10 million. A fair value adjustment of US$5.7 million to mineral 
properties arose at the date of acquisition as a result of the premium attributable to the mineral properties purchased (grossed up for deferred 
taxation) from De Beers. During the Period ending 30 June 2010, the mineral properties fair value adjustment of US$5.7 million was increased 
to US$7.1 million gross of tax as a result of a review of the acquisition book values for trade and other receivables and inventories. 

The Company continued with the feasibility study at Williamson until 31 March 2010 at which point management considered the feasibility study 
to be substantially complete and had achieved sufficient understanding of the orebody and plant requirements. To the date that the feasibility 
was confirmed, all direct costs net of associated revenue were capitalised as part of the Williamson feasibility project. Subsequently, having 
confirmed the commercial feasibility, a programme of plant rebuild and expansion commenced and direct costs associated with the plant rebuild 
and expansion have been capitalised. The plant rebuild costs are capitalised when the works are considered to have enhanced the economic 
returns of the asset. Williamson generated revenue for the 12 months to 30 June 2010 of US$14.4 million.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

3. Acquisitions continued
30 June 2010 continued
(d) Acquisition of subsidiary Williamson Diamond Mine (“Williamson”) continued
Effect of the acquisition
The effect of the fair value adjustment on acquisition had the following effect on the Group’s assets and liabilities:

Williamson net assets at acquisition date (revised) 
US$ million 
Fair value of net assets of entity acquired 
Mining property, plant and equipment  
Mineral properties 
Trade and other receivables 
Inventory 
Cash assets 
Deferred tax 
Environmental liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Inter‑group loans 
Consideration amount satisfied in cash 

Book 
values 

18.8 
— 
4.3 
6.4 
1.2 
— 
(11.0) 
(8.3) 
(97.9) 
(86.5) 

Fair value 
  adjustments 

— 
7.1 
(0.8) 
(3.8) 
— 
(1.7) 
— 
(2.2) 
97.9 
96.5 

Fair  

values

18.8
7.1
3.5
2.6
1.2
(1.7) 
(11.0)
(10.5)
—
10.0

(e) Disposal of interest in the Kono project
On 4 May 2010, Petra announced that it had reached agreement with Stellar Diamonds plc (“Stellar”) to exchange its interest in the Kono Diamond 
Project (“Kono”) in Sierra Leone for shares in Stellar, the project’s joint venture partner. The Kono kimberlite fissure project, whilst at an advanced 
stage  of  exploration  and  demonstrating  positive  project  parameters,  was  not  of  a  suitable  scale  to  contribute  to  the  Group’s  objective  on 
delivering substantial production and revenue growth from its portfolio of assets. Kono had no carrying value in Petra’s Consolidated Statement 
of Financial Position and therefore there were no impairments to be recognised by Petra with regards to the divestment. 

The terms of the acquisition were that Stellar issue to Petra 4,500,000 new ordinary Stellar shares (at a price of £0.14 per share) for a total 
consideration of £0.6 million (US$0.9 million) in return for Petra’s interest in Kono, held via joint venture company Basama Diamonds Ltd. As a 
result of the Stellar shares being issued to Petra, Petra became a 4.45% shareholder in Stellar. Petra has agreed (subject to certain exceptions) not to 
dispose of any of the Stellar shares for 12 months from the date of completion of the transaction, which was 24 May 2010. As part of the 
transaction both Petra and Stellar agreed to form a cooperation agreement whereby Stellar will give Petra the first option to joint venture any 
project in the Stellar portfolio which Stellar seeks to develop with a partner. Petra’s interest in the Kono project was fully impaired as at 30 June 2009 
and therefore 100% of the consideration was recorded as a gain in other income of US$0.9 million (£0.6 million).

4. Other income

US$ million 
Profit on sale of residual Angolan assets 
Profit on sale of interest in the Kono project   
Management and consulting fees 

5. Mining and processing costs

US$ million 
Raw materials and consumables used 
Employee expenses 
Depreciation of mining assets 
Changes in inventory of finished goods 

6. Other direct (income)

US$ million 
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 
Care and maintenance 
Other mining income 

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

2011 
— 
— 
— 
— 

2011 
77.7 
75.0 
22.2 
(5.2) 
 169.7  

2011 
0.3 
— 
(3.0) 
 (2.7)  

2010
 3.7 
 0.9 
 0.8 
5.4

2010
 77.5 
53.9
11.6
(5.3)
137.7

2010
0.1
2.0
(4.5)
(2.4)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
7. Exploration expenditure
US$ million 
Employee expenses 
Depreciation of exploration assets  
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Drilling and air survey expenses 
Rental and equipment hire 
Other exploration expenses 

2011 
0.5 
0.1 
— 
0.5 
0.1 
0.2 
1.4  

2010
 0.5 
 0.1 
 1.0 
 0.1 
 0.1 
 (2.0)
 (0.2)

The credit of US$2.0 million to other exploration expenses in the prior year relates to the reversal of a provision for closure costs in Angola; 
the Angolan assets were sold during FY 2010 which resulted in a much lower level of costs being incurred than originally anticipated.

8. Corporate expenditure

US$ million 
Auditors’ remuneration: 
– Audit services  
– Non‑audit services 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  
Operating lease rentals – buildings 
Staff costs 
Other charges 
Share‑based payments: 
– Directors 
– Senior Management 

2011 

0.4 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 
4.3 
2.8 

0.6 
0.7 
 9.4  

 —

2010

 0.4 

 0.2 
 0.4 
 3.6 
 3.1 

 0.7 
 0.2 
 8.6

In addition to the above, the audit fee payable in 2012 in respect of the 2011 audit by the Group to its current auditors is US$0.5 million. 

All share‑based payments are in respect of equity‑settled share option schemes as stated in note 28.

9. Impairment and reversal of impairments of operational assets and investments
In accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets”, when events or changes in market conditions indicate that tangible or intangible assets may 
be impaired, such assets are reviewed in detail to determine whether their carrying value is higher than their recoverable value, which could lead 
to recording an impairment loss (recoverable value is the higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell). Value in use is estimated by 
calculating the present value of the future cashflows expected to be derived from the asset. Fair value less costs to sell is based on the most 
reliable information available (market statistics, recent transactions, etc.). The discounted cashflow basis has been used to calculate a value in use 
for the mining operations for those mines for which value in use exceeds fair value less cost to sell. 

Impaired  assets  are  reviewed  annually  to  determine  whether  any  substantial  change  to  their  fair  value  amounts  previously  impaired  would 
require reversal.

When  determining  recoverable  values  of  investments  and  property,  plant  and  equipment,  assumptions  and  estimates  are  made,  based 
primarily on historical performance, market outlooks, obsolescence and sale or liquidation disposal values. Any change in these assumptions can 
have a significant effect on the recoverable amount and could lead to a revision of recorded impairment losses. 

30 June 2011
During the year to 30 June 2011, the Group has reviewed the carrying values of its investments and operational assets for indicators of impairment 
and, following that assessment, a reversal of a prior impairment to Helam’s property, plant and equipment and a further impairment to Star’s 
property, plant and equipment is considered to be appropriate. The reversal of previous impairment charges at Helam reflects improved diamond 
prices, production and cashflows and has been determined net of depreciation which would have arisen if the asset had not been impaired. 
The additional impairment to Star reflects continued production levels which are insufficient to support the carrying value on a value in use basis. 
The impairment of Star has been determined based on fair value less costs to sell which is considered to exceed value in use. Impairment reversals 
of US$11.7 million (30 June 2010: US$nil) have been recorded in the income statement for 2011 in respect of Helam’s assets. Impairment 
charges of US$5.2 million have been recorded in the income statement in respect of Star’s assets for 2011 (30 June 2010: US$nil).

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

9. Impairment and reversal of impairments of operational assets and investments continued
30 June 2011 continued
Impairment reversal 
US$ million 
Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd  

Segment 
Fissure mines 

Asset class 
Property, plant and equipment 
Mineral properties 
Underground development 
Buildings 
Mining property, plant and equipment 
Forex movement 

Subtotal 

Net book 

Reversal of 
value¹  impairment 
15.2 
9.0 
7.4 
4.8 
1.0 
2.0 
(3.5) 
11.7 

— 
9.0 

Carrying
value
24.2

(3.5)
20.7

1. Net book value refers to the carrying value of the amounts including the previous impairments.
2.  Helam’s assets were previously impaired in December 2008 by US$12.9 million (R114.5 million) using an exchange rate of US$1:R8.87. In FY 2011 the initial impairment of 
R114.5 million in the subsidiary was reversed less depreciation that would have been incurred had the impairment never taken place. The resulting impairment reversal was 
US$15.2 million (R103.7 million) using an exchange rate of US$1:R6.83. US$3.5 million of the reversal has been recognised in the foreign currency translation reserve to 
take into account the movement in the foreign exchange rate from the date of the initial impairment to date of the reversal when translating the rand value to US dollars, 
with US$11.7 million recognised as an income statement gain. 

Operational assets impaired 
US$ million 
Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd  

Subtotal 
Net impairment reversal – Helam and Star 

Asset class 
Property, plant and equipment 
Underground development 
Land and buildings 
Mining property, plant and equipment 

Segment 
Fissure mines 

Net book 
value 
7.0 

7.0 

Impairment 
raised 
(5.2) 
(1.7) 
(2.1) 
(1.4) 
(5.2) 
6.5 

Carrying  
value
1.8

1.8

30 June 2010
During the year to 30 June 2010, the Group reviewed the carrying values of its investments and operational assets for indicators of impairment and 
following that assessment no impairment of investments, property, plant and equipment or reversal of impairment losses incurred in prior periods was 
considered appropriate. This assessment was based on the assumptions set out in notes 9.1 and 9.2. Impairments of US$nil were recorded in 2010.

9.1 Impairment testing assumptions 
a) Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd and Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd
The key assumptions used in determining the recoverable value calculations for Helam, determined on a value in use basis, are listed in the table 
below in respect of the years ending 30 June 2011 and 30 June 2010:

Key assumptions 
Recoverable value of reserves and resources 

Diamond prices 

Discount rate 

Inflation rate 

Exchange rates 

Life of mine 

Stay in business capital expenditure  

Valuation basis 
Sensitivity 

Explanation
 Economically recoverable reserves and resources are based on management’s expectations based on 
the availability of reserves at mine sites and technical studies undertaken in‑house and by third party 
specialists. Refer to “Life of mine” below for further information.
 Long‑term diamond prices are based on prevailing market conditions and the last available diamond 
tender price. The US$/carat price used in the calculations was US$185 (30 June 2010: US$90).
 The discount rate used represents the before tax risk free rate per the RSA Government bonds adjusted 
for market risk and volatility.
 Long‑term inflation rate of 4% (30 June 2010: 0%) above a long‑term US inflation rate of 
2.5% (30 June 2010: 2.5%) per annum was used for US$ diamond prices. Long‑term inflation 
rate of 3.5% (30 June 2010: 3.5%) above the prevailing US inflation rate was used for 
Opex and capex valuations.
 Exchange rates are based on external market consensus and after considering long‑term market 
expectations. The US$/ZAR exchange rate range used commenced at R6.99 (30 June 2009: R7.60); 
further devaluing at 3.5% (30 June 2010: 3.5%) per annum. 
 20 years (30 June 2010: 21 years) life of mine; total extractable resource 2.03 Mt (30 June 2010: 2.6 Mt) 
at extraction rate of 101 Ktpa (30 June 2010: 125 Ktpa).
 Management has estimated the timing of the capital expenditure based on the Group’s current and 
future financing plans for the operation. 
Discounted present value of future cashflows.
 Management does not consider there to be any reasonable change in assumption which may give rise 
to an impairment loss.

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9. Impairment and reversal of impairments of operational assets and investments continued
30 June 2010 continued
9.1 Impairment testing assumptions continued
a) Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd and Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd continued
Star’s impairment has been determined based on the recoverable amount at 30 June 2011. The Directors have assessed the recoverable amount 
using fair value less costs to sell. The carrying value of assets was determined with reference to the plant and equipment that management 
considers to be saleable or transferrable to other mines within the Group for use in a manner which will generate sufficient future economic 
value to support the carrying value of those specific assets. The carrying value of these assets approximates fair value less cost to sell for the cash 
generating unit.

9.2 Impairment tests – other mining operations
The  Group  performs  impairment  testing  on  an  annual  basis  of  all  operations  and  when  there  are  potential  indicators  which  may  require 
impairment.  In  addition  to  Helam  Mining  (Pty)  Ltd  and  Star  Diamonds  (Pty)  Ltd,  the  Group  also  performed  impairment  testing  for  Cullinan 
Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd, Koffiefontein Mine JV, Kimberley Underground Mines JV, Sedibeng JV and Williamson Diamonds Ltd. The results 
of the impairment testing performed did not indicate any additional impairments on the remaining mining operations. The key assumptions used 
in determining the recoverable value calculations, determined on a value in use basis, are listed in the table below:

Key assumptions 
Recoverable value of reserves and resources 

Diamond prices 

Discount rate 

Inflation rate 

Exchange rates 

Life of mine 

Stay in business capital expenditure  

Valuation basis 
Sensitivity 

Explanation
 Economically recoverable reserves and resources are based on management’s expectations 
based on the availability of reserves at mine sites and technical studies undertaken in‑house 
and by third party specialists. Refer to “Life of mine” below for further information.
 Long‑term diamond prices are based on prevailing market conditions and the last available 
diamond tender price. The US$/carat price range used in the calculations was US$180–US$640 
(30 June 2010: US$90–US$420).
 The discount rate used for the South African operations represents the before tax risk‑free rate 
per the RSA Government bonds adjusted for market risk and volatility.
 The discount rate used for Williamson Diamonds Ltd represents the before tax risk‑free rate per 
the Tanzanian Government bonds adjusted for market risk and volatility.
 Long‑term inflation rate of 4% (30 June 2010: 0%) above a long‑term US inflation rate of 2.5% 
(30 June 2010: 2.5%) per annum was used for US$ diamond prices. Long‑term inflation rates 
of 3.5% to 4.5% (30 June 2010: 3.5%) above the prevailing US inflation rate were used for 
Opex and capex valuations.
 Exchange rates are based on external market consensus and after considering long‑term 
market expectations. The US$/ZAR exchange rate range used commenced at R6.99 
(30 June 2010: R7.60), further devaluing at 3.5% (30 June 2010: 3.5%) per annum.
 Cullinan – 16 years (30 June 2010: 17 years) life of mine plan; total extractable resource 
54.4 Mt (30 June 2010: 56.6 Mt) at extraction rate of 2.4 Mtpa increasing to 4.0 Mtpa 
(30 June 2010: 2.4 Mtpa). 
 Koffiefontein – 14 years (30 June 2010: 15 years) life of mine plan; total extractable 
resource 16.1 Mt (30 June 2010: 23.5 Mt) at extraction rate of 0.9 Mtpa increasing to 
1.2 Mtpa (30 June 2010: 0.9 Mtpa).
 Kimberley Underground Mines JV – 11 years (30 June 2010: 12 years) life of mine plan; 
total extractable resource 9.4 Mt (30 June 2010: 9.9 Mt) at extraction rate of 1.0 Mtpa 
(30 June 2010: 0.8 Mtpa).
 Sedibeng JV – 11 years (30 June 2010: 12 years) life of mine plan; total extractable resource 
1.4 Mt (30 June 2010: 1.579 Mt) at extraction rate of 126 Ktpa (30 June 2010: 126 Ktpa).
 Williamson Diamonds Ltd – 17 years (30 June 2010: 18 years) life of mine plan: total 
extractable resource 155.9 Mt (30 June 2010: 158 Mt) at extraction rate of 2.7 Mtpa increasing 
to 10.0 Mtpa (30 June 2010: 8.8 Mtpa).
 Resources remaining after the current life of mine plans have not been included in impairment 
testing for the above operations.
 Management has estimated the timing of the capital expenditure based on the Group’s current 
and future financing plans for each operation. 
Discounted present value of future cashflows.
 Management notes that a 5% movement in diamond prices as compared to the average for 
FY 2011 at Sedibeng would result in break‑even. Sedibeng has the lowest headroom of the 
mines detailed above. Management does not consider there to be any reasonable change in 
assumption which may give rise to any impairment loss at the remaining mines.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

10. Net financing income

US$ million 
Interest expense on bank loans and overdrafts¹ 
Gross interest expense on bank loans and overdrafts¹ 
Interest expense on bank loans and overdrafts capitalised¹ 
Other debt finance costs¹ 
Unwinding of present value adjustment for rehabilitation costs 
Realised foreign exchange losses  
Other foreign exchange losses realised 
Unrealised foreign exchange losses 
Financial expense 
Realised foreign exchange gains 
Gain on partial settlement of long‑term liability² 
Other unrealised foreign exchange gains 
Net change in fair value of hedged item and instrument   
Net change in fair value of hedged item in a fair value hedge 
Net change in fair value of hedging instrument in a fair value hedge   
Interest received on loans and other receivables 
Interest received on bank deposits 
Financial income 

1. Calculated using the effective interest method in respect of financial liabilities calculated at amortised cost.
2. The gain is primarily on the settlement of the Al Rajhi convertible bond.

11. Taxation

US$ million 
Current taxation
– Current tax credit 
Deferred taxation 
– Current Period 

Reconciliation of tax rate
– Profit before taxation  
Tax at Bermudan corporate rate of 0% 
Effects of:
– Tax rates in foreign jurisdictions 
– Non‑deductible expenses 
– Adjustment in respect of prior Periods 
– Assessed losses utilised 
– Temporary differences 
– Assessed losses and capital allowances not utilised 
Current tax credit 
Deferred tax movement 
Total tax (charge)/credit 

2011 
(1.0) 
(4.5) 
3.5 
(6.7) 
(3.8) 
— 
(0.4) 
(15.5) 
(27.4)  
0.7 
— 
34.1 
— 
(6.0) 
6.0 
5.5 
 2.2 
42.5  
15.1  

2011 

1.2 

(6.4) 
 (5.2)  

 64.4  
— 

(6.0) 
(1.0) 
1.1 
18.1 
(5.6) 
 (5.4) 
1.2  
(6.4)  
 (5.2)  

 —

 —
 —
 —

2010
(1.6)
(1.6)

(8.4)
(2.6)
(0.1)
 (0.1)
(14.5)
(27.3)
4.5
 4.2 
15.3

3.2
0.4
27.6
0.3 

2010

 0.1 

 1.1 
 1.2 

 69.0 
 — 

 (6.2)
 (2.5)
 0.2 
 13.5 
 0.3 
 (5.2)
 0.1 
 1.1 
 1.2

During the year, the Group realised a taxation benefit of previously unrecognised tax losses which reduced the current taxation payable by US$0.6 million 
(30 June 2010: US$1.7 million). Previously the Group did not recognise the tax losses as deferred tax assets (refer to note 25). Tax losses not 
utilised do not have an expiry period in the country in which they arise, unless the entity ceases to continue trading. Tax losses available but not 
utilised as at 30 June 2011 amount to US$62.2 million (30 June 2010: US$50.6 million) and primarily arise in South Africa (US$37.0 million) and 
Tanzania (US$25.2 million); amounts stated include both tax losses and unredeemed capital allowances and are stated at 28% being the tax rate 
in South Africa and 35% being the tax rate in Tanzania. 

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12. Directors’ and employees’ remuneration
Staff costs (excluding the Non‑Executive Directors) during the year were as follows:

US$ million 
Wages and salaries – mining 
Wages and salaries – exploration 
Wages and salaries – administration 
Pension 

2011 
75.0 
0.5 
4.3 
0.1 
79.9 

2010
 53.9 
 0.5 
 3.4 
 0.1 
 57.9

In  addition,  during  the  year  the  Group  capitalised  US$4.7  million  of  wages  and  salaries  relating  to  the  rebuild  and  expansion  projects  at 
Williamson. During the prior year, the Group capitalised US$8.2 million of salaries and wages relating to the feasibility study at Williamson. 

Number 

Number

The number of employees (excluding the Non‑Executive Directors and contractors) at the various 
mining and exploration operations of the Group at the end of the Period was 3,902  
(30 June 2010: 3,701), employed as follows:   
Mining and exploration 
Administration 

3,729 
173 
3,902  

Remuneration in respect of Executive and Non‑Executive Directors was as follows:

US$ million 
Executive Directors 
A Pouroulis 
D Abery  
J Dippenaar 
J Davidson 

Base 
 remuneration 

 Performance‑ 
related 
bonus 

0.2 
0.4 
0.4 
0.4 
 1.4 

0.1 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
1.0 

2011 
Total 

0.3 
0.7 
0.7 
0.7 
2.4 

 3,553 
 148 
 3,701

2010  
Total

 0.3 
 0.6 
 0.6 
 0.6 
 2.1 

The Directors are considered to be key management.

Non‑Executive Directors
Non‑Executive Directors received remuneration of US$0.1 million (30 June 2010: US$0.1 million). 

Further detail in respect of Executive and Non‑Executive Directors remuneration during the year is disclosed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report 
on pages 47 and 48. The IFRS 2 charge relating to the Executive Directors for the year was US$0.6 million (30 June 2010: US$0.7 million). 
See note 28 in respect of share‑based payments. 

13. Earnings per share

Numerator 
Profit for the year 

Denominator 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in basic EPS
As at 1 July 
Effect of shares issued during the year 
As at 30 June 

Dilutive effect of potential ordinary shares 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue used in diluted EPS 

Basic profit per share – cents 
Diluted profit per share – cents 

Total 
2011 
US$ 
 53,193,664 

Total  
2010 
US$
 63,485,409

Shares 

Shares

352,803,021 
 61,912,017 
414,715,038 

Shares 
16,034,806 
430,749,844 

US cents 
12.83 
12.35 

 184,005,523
 96,241,934
280,247,457

Shares
  5,717,632
285,965,089

US cents
22.65
22.20

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

13. Earnings per share continued
In the current year, the number of potentially dilutive ordinary shares, in respect of employee share options and warrants is 16,034,806. These 
potentially dilutive ordinary shares may have a dilutive effect on future earnings per share. There are no share options and warrants that have 
been excluded from the potentially dilutive ordinary shares of 16,034,806 (30 June 2010: 5,973,185 excluded from potentially dilutive shares). 
In the prior year the number of potentially dilutive ordinary shares, in respect of employee share options and warrants was 5,717,632. There have 
been no significant post balance sheet changes to the number of options and warrants to impact the dilutive number of ordinary shares.

14. Property, plant and equipment

US$ million 
Cost 
Balance at 1 July 2009 
Exchange differences 
Business combination1 
Feasibility production revenue2 
Feasibility production expenditure2 
Additions 
Disposals  
Balance at 30 June 2010 
Balance at 1 July 2010 
Exchange differences 
Impairment (reversed/raised) (note 9) 
Additions 
Disposals  
Balance at 30 June 2011 
Depreciation 
Balance at 1 July 2009 
Exchange differences 
Disposals  
Provided in the year 
Balance at 30 June 2010 
Balance at 1 July 2010 
Exchange differences 
Reversal of impairment (note 9) 
Disposals  
Provided in the year 
Balance at 30 June 2011 
Net book value 
At 30 June 2010 
At 30 June 2011 

Plant and 

Plant and 
  machinery  machinery 
exploration 
assets 

mining 
assets³ 

Computers 
and office 
equipment 
exploration 
assets 

Motor 
vehicles 
exploration 
assets 

Mineral 

Assets 
under 
properties  construction 
mining 
assets5 

mining 
assets4 

 142.8  
 1.3  
 95.4  
 —  
 —  
 19.1  
 (0.5) 
 258.1  
 258.1  
28.6 
3.4 
46.1 
(3.0) 
 333.2  

 18.4  
 0.5  
(0.3) 
 11.0  
 29.6  
 29.6  
5.3 
0.8 
(2.1) 
21.8 
 55.4  

 228.5  
 277.8  

 1.2  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 1.2  
 1.2  
0.2 
— 
— 
— 
 1.4  

 (0.1) 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 (0.1) 
 (0.1) 
0.1 
— 
— 
0.1 
 0.1 

 1.3  
 1.3  

 1.1  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 0.1  
 —  
 1.2  
 1.2  
— 
— 
0.1 
— 
 1.3  

 0.2  
 —  
 —  
 0.2  
 0.4  
 0.4  
0.1 
— 
(0.1) 
0.2 
 0.6  

 0.8  
 0.7  

Assets  
advanced  
to project
Alto Cuilo 

 6.1  
0.3  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 (6.4) 
 —  
 —  
— 
— 
— 
— 
 —  

 5.6  
 0.2  
 (5.8) 
 —  
 —  
 —  
— 
— 
— 
— 
 —  

Total

 209.0 
 1.2 
 173.1 
 (14.4)
 22.2 
 25.5 
 (6.9)
 409.7 
 409.7
39.3 
11.6 
110.9 
(3.0) 

568.5

 32.2 
 0.9 
 (6.1)
 11.7 
 38.7 
 38.7 
 6.6 
1.6 
(2.2) 
22.4 
 67.1 

 0.2  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 0.2  
 0.2  
— 
— 
0.1 
— 
 0.3  

 0.1  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 0.1  
 0.1  
— 
— 
— 
— 
 0.1  

 39.1  
(0.8) 
 71.3  
 (14.4) 
 22.2  
 —  
 —  
 117.4  
 117.4  
5.1 
8.2 
— 
— 
 130.7  

 8.0  
 0.2  
 —  
 0.5  
 8.7  
 8.7  
1.1 
0.8 
— 
0.3 
 10.9  

 18.5  
 0.4  
 6.4  
 —  
 —  
 6.3  
 —  
 31.6  
 31.6  
5.4 
— 
64.6 
— 
 101.6  

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
— 
— 
— 
— 
 —  

 0.1  
 0.2  

 108.7  
 119.8  

 31.6  
 101.6  

 —  
 —  

 371.0 
 501.4

1.  In the prior year, the Group capitalised pre‑acquisition costs at Kimberley Underground. The expenditure incurred pre‑completion was capitalised on the basis that it was 
common practice under IFRS 3 (applicable prior to 1 July 2009) for transaction costs incurred in respect of business combinations to be capitalised where the business 
combination has not completed by the balance sheet date and by analogy to IAS 11 (construction contracts) which permits costs incurred in respect of future activity to be 
capitalised where it is probable that those costs will be recovered.

2.  Feasibility production expenditure and revenue are in respect of the Williamson feasibility study as disclosed in note 1.24.
3.  The mining assets are secured against the loan facilities disclosed in note 22(iv) and 22(v).
4.  Mineral properties are in respect of various mines within the Group and the useful life, based on current life of mine plans, is disclosed in note 1.4. 
5.  Assets under construction include refurbishments of mining property, plant and equipment at the Cullinan, Kimberley Underground, Koffiefontein and Williamson mines. 
The only contractual commitments the Group had at year end were in respect of assets under construction of US$11.6 million (30 June 2010: US$0.3 million). Borrowing 
costs of US$3.5 million (30 June 2010: US$nil) have been capitalised to assets under construction.

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15. Intangible assets 

US$ million 
Cost
Balance at 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 
Balance at 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011   
Amortisation 
Balance at 1 July 2009 
Provided in the year 
Balance at 30 June 2010 
Balance at 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011   
Net book value 
At 30 June 2010 
At 30 June 2011 

Total

 14.5 
 14.5 

 (13.5)
 (1.0)
 (14.5)
 (14.5)

—
 — 

Prospecting licences
Prospecting licences in Botswana were fully amortised in the prior year. The Group continues to conduct exploration activities in Botswana. During the 
year exploration expenditure of US$1.4 million (30 June 2010: US$1.8 million) was expensed in respect of exploration activities within Botswana. 

16. Investments in associates
Interests in associates
At year end, the Group had interests in the following companies:

Namibia Mining House (Pty) Ltd 
Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Organizações Moyoweno – Comércio Geral Lda 

Summary of financial statements of associates (US$ million):

2011 
Namibia Mining House (Pty) Ltd   
Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Organizações Moyoweno – Comércio Geral Lda 

2010 
Namibia Mining House (Pty) Ltd   
Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Organizações Moyoweno – Comércio Geral Lda 

Country 
  Namibia 
South Africa 
Angola 

Ownerships

2011 
35.0% 
29.5% 
40.0% 

Assets 
— 
— 
 0.8  

Liabilities 
— 
(1.3) 
 (0.4) 

Equity 
— 
(1.2)  
 (0.4) 

Revenues 
— 
— 
— 

2010
35.0%
29.5%
40.0%

(Loss) 

 after tax
—
 (0.1)
—

— 
— 
 0.8  

— 
 (1.1) 
 (0.4) 

— 
 (1.0)  
 (0.4) 

— 
— 
— 

—
 (0.1)
 (0.1)

The unrecognised share of losses in aggregate is US$nil (30 June 2010: US$nil). If the investments in associates had been included at cost, they 
would have been included at US$nil (30 June 2010: US$nil).

The initial investments by the Group in Namibia Mining House (Pty) Ltd, Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd and Organizações Moyoweno – Comércio Geral Lda 
(“Moyoweno”) have all been impaired in full in prior periods. Moyoweno’s financial year end is 31 December, the statutory reporting period for 
companies based in Angola, and its primary asset is a 13% investment in the Alto Cuilo project in Angola, from which the Group withdrew in 
2009. Interim financial information for Moyoweno has been used as at year end for the Group. The Group has no contractual or constructive 
obligation to fund the net deficit positions of its associates.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

17. Available‑for‑sale financial assets

US$ million 
Balance at 1 July 
Acquisition (4.45% shareholding) 
Fair value adjustment taken to other reserves (no tax implications) 
Balance at 30 June 

2011 
 0.8  
— 
(0.4) 
 0.4  

 —

2010

 0.9 
 (0.1)
 0.8

The Company owns 4,500,000 ordinary shares in Stellar Diamonds plc (“Stellar”). At year end the Company adjusted the fair value of its investment in 
Stellar to the fair market value of £0.3 million (30 June 2010: £0.5 million), being US$0.4 million (30 June 2010: US$0.8 million). The movement of 
US$0.4 million (30 June 2010: US$0.1 million) was taken to other reserves. The reduction in value is not considered significant by management and 
the fair value reached £0.6 million during the year before reducing to £0.3 million at year end.

18. Inventories

US$ million 
Diamonds held for resale 
Work in progress stockpiles 
Consumables and stores 
Livestock 

Provision for impairment of slow moving consumables and stores 

2011 
 13.3  
 14.8  
4.9  
 0.2  
 33.2  
 (0.3)  
32.9  

2010
15.0
9.6
4.8
0.1
29.5
(0.1)
29.4

As at 30 June 2011, diamonds (inventories held for resale) with a value of US$2.6 million (30 June 2010: US$6.5 million) are carried at fair value 
less costs to sell (due to fair value less cost to sell being below cost), resulting in a charge to the income statement of US$1.2 million (30 June 2010: 
US$0.3 million). 

19. Trade and other receivables

US$ million 
Current 
Trade receivables 
Other receivables¹ 
Prepayments² 

Non‑current 
Rehabilitation guarantee³ 
BEE partners4 

2011 

20.6 
20.9 
8.3 
49.8 

0.2 
50.9 
51.1 

2010

2.9
12.6
8.0
23.5

0.2
32.0
32.2

1.  Included within other receivables are amounts related to funding advanced to joint venture BEE partners on the Koffiefontein and Kimberley Underground mines assets of 
US$5.3 million (30 June 2010: US$2.6 million), rehabilitation deposits and other deposits of US$5.5 million (30 June 2010: US$5.2 million) and Value Added Tax refunds of 
US$7.2 million (30 June 2010: US$4.9 million) receivable. The rehabilitation deposit is available to the Group in the short term or upon successful rehabilitation of the mines.
2.  Included within prepayments is US$5.0  million  (30 June  2010:  US$4.6  million) relating to a deposit  paid for further investment  in  the  Group’s  South African projects. 
The original US$6.0 million payment, which will be deducted in full from any future acquisition consideration, was made by a Group company with pounds sterling as 
its functional currency, resulting in unrealised exchange rate fluctuations in the US dollar equivalent for presentational purposes only.

3. The rehabilitation guarantee comprises an insurance risk policy which will be recovered upon the successful rehabilitation at the Sedibeng JV operation.
4.  Interest on loans advanced to BEE partners is charged at the prevailing South African prime interest rate plus 2%. The loans are repayable from future cashflows generated 

from the underlying mining operations. 

The financial assets classified as loans and receivables included in receivables are as follows:

US$ million 
Current trade receivables 
Other receivables (excluding VAT) 
Non‑current trade receivables 

2011 
20.6 
13.7 
51.1 
85.4 

2010
 2.9 
 8.9 
 32.2 
 44.0

The trade receivables are all due within normal trading terms and there are no trade receivables classified as past due. Trade receivables are due 
within two days of awarding the rough diamond sales tender to the successful bidder and were significant at year end due to the tenders’ 
proximity  to  year  end.  The  trade  receivables  relating  to  the  year‑end  tender  have  all  been  received  post‑year  end.  No  other  receivables  are 
considered to be past due or impaired. 

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19. Trade and other receivables continued
The carrying values of these loans and receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

US$ million 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollars 

20. Cash 

US$ million 
Cash and cash equivalents – unrestricted 
Cash – restricted 

2011 
0.9 
83.2 
1.3 
85.4 

2011 
96.9  
228.0  
324.9  

2010
 1.9 
 39.1 
 3.0 
 44.0

2010
 24.8 
 9.7 
 34.5

Under the terms of the agreement to purchase the Finsch mine from DBCM (refer to note 29), the Group deposited funds to settle the purchase 
consideration into an escrow deposit account. At 30 June 2011, the amounts held on deposit totalled US$213.2 million.

As security for the Group’s rehabilitation obligations at the Helam, Star, Sedibeng and Kimberley Underground mines, the Company has ceded 
US$14.8 million (30 June 2010: US$9.7 million) in a fixed deposit. The restricted cash will return to the Group’s sole control when the above 
mentioned operations are included in the Group’s rehabilitation insurance product which currently includes the Cullinan and Koffiefontein 
mines. The Group has a commitment to pay insurance premiums over the next three years of US$23.3 million to fund the insurance product. 
The rehabilitation provisions are disclosed in note 24. 

A controlled entity, Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd, has a R10.0 million (US$1.5 million) (30 June 2010: R10 million (US$1.3 million)) overdraft facility 
with  First  National  Bank,  a  division  of  FirstRand  Bank  Ltd.  At  year  end  and  at  30  June  2010,  the  overdraft  was  not  utilised.  When  utilised, 
the overdraft is off‑set against other cash balances held with First National Bank as it forms part of the Group’s operational cash balances. 
The weighted average interest rate for the overdraft as at 30 June 2011 is 0% (30 June 2010: 0%). For additional facilities available to the Group 
refer to note 22. 

21. Issued capital

US$ million 
Authorised – ordinary shares of 10p each 
As at 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011 
Issued and fully paid
At 1 July 
Allotments during the year 
At 30 June 

Number of shares 

2011 

Number of shares 

2010

650,000,000 

115.2 

400,000,000 

76.3

352,803,021 
 147,070,988  
499,874,009 

61.4 
23.4 
84.8 

184,005,523 
168,797,498  
352,803,021 

33.5
 27.9 
61.4

Allotments during the year were in respect of 136,698,212 shares issued as part of a capital fundraising exercise, the exercise of 8,292,777 
warrants held over ordinary shares by Canaccord Genuity and RMB, and the exercise of 2,079,999 share options held by employees. 

Allotments during the prior year were in respect of 121,200,000 shares issued as part of a capital fundraising exercise, the issue of 36,000,000 
shares as part consideration for the acquisition of an additional 50% interest in CIHL, the issue of 11,363,636 shares in respect of a US$15 million 
Al Rajhi loan repayment and the exercise of 233,862 share options held by employees. 

Warrants

Holder 
Canaccord Genuity 
RBC Capital Markets 
Rand Merchant Bank 
International Finance Corporation 
International Finance Corporation 
International Finance Corporation 

Expiry 
17 December 2011 
17 December 2011 
2 November 2014 
2 November 2012 
2 November 2013 
2 November 2014 

Exercise price 
(pence) 
80 
80 
100 
90 
95 
100 

2011 
Number of warrants 
 —  
 1,364,259  
 2,100,000  
 2,100,000  
 2,100,000  
 2,100,000  

2010 
Number of warrants
 4,092,777 
 1,364,259 
— 
 — 
 — 
 —

As part of the debt facilities referred to in note 22 parts (iv) and (v), 12,600,000 warrants over Petra shares were granted to IFC (6,300,000) and 
RMB (6,300,000), with an exercise price ranging between 90 pence – 100 pence per warrant and which vested on 3 November 2010.

During  the  year  warrants  over  4,092,777  ordinary  shares  at  an  exercise  price  of  80  pence  were  exercised  by  Canaccord  Genuity.  RMB  exercised 
2,100,000 warrants over ordinary shares at an exercise price of 90 pence and a further 2,100,000 warrants over ordinary shares at an exercise 
price of 95 pence. 

The Black‑Scholes methodology as outlined in IFRS 2 has been used to value the warrants, as set out in note 28.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

21. Issued capital continued
Employee share options

Holder 
Directors
A Pouroulis 

D Abery 

J Dippenaar 

J Davidson 

Senior Management 

Total 

Shares 

500,000 
250,000 
250,000 
250,000 
100,000 
100,000 
500,000 
250,000 
250,000 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
750,000 
250,000 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
750,000 
250,000 
750,000 
350,000 
350,000 
50,000 
75,000 
23,750 
84,300 
166,388 
236,812 
  4,470,000 
  2,117,671 
  3,060,002 
500,000 
 19,583,923 

  Exercise price 
(pence) 

Expiry

44.0 
85.0 
79.5 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
44.0 
85.0 
79.5 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
85.0 
79.5 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
85.0 
79.5 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
56.75 
46.5 
56.5 
65.75 
79.5 
96.0 
27.5 
45.5 
60.5 
92.8 

5 September 2013
16 June 2015
31 May 2016
12 March 2019
30 September 2019
16 March 2020
5 September 2013
16 June 2015
31 May 2016
12 March 2019
30 September 2019
16 March 2020
16 June 2015
31 May 2016
12 March 2019
30 September 2019
16 March 2020
16 June 2015
31 May 2016
12 March 2019
30 September 2019
16 March 2020
13 September 2014
24 September 2014
28 January 2015
27 November 2015
31 May 2016
31 July 2016
12 March 2019
30 September 2019
16 March 2020
25 November 2020

The current number of shares reserved for issue under the share option scheme is 19,583,923, the terms and conditions of which are disclosed 
in note 28. 

22. Interest‑bearing loans and borrowings

US$ million 
Current 
Bank loan – secured (i) 
Bank loan – secured (ii) 
Bank loan – secured (iii) 
Bank loan – unsecured (vi)  
Deferred consideration (vii) 

Non‑current 
Bank loan – secured (i) 
Bank loan – secured (iv) 
Bank loan – secured (v)  
Loan – unsecured (vi)  
Deferred consideration (vii) 
Associate loans 

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

2011 

—  
—  
—  
—  
18.7  
 18.7  

—  
36.5 
33.1 
—  
—  
1.8 
 71.4  

2010

0.1 
0.3 
— 
 17.0 
— 
 17.4 

 0.1 

 15.0 
 32.0 

47.1 

 —
 —

 —

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Interest‑bearing loans and borrowings continued
(i) Bank loans – secured
First National Bank 
During the year, Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd settled its term loan facility (capital and interest) of R0.9 million (US$0.2 million) with First National Bank. 
The Group’s borrowings at 30 June 2010 were R0.9 million (US$0.2 million) with an effective interest of 9.92%.

Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd, Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd, Messina Diamonds (Pty) Ltd and Directors Mr Dippenaar and Mr Davidson have been released 
from the general notarial bond over moveable assets, unlimited letters of suretyship and letters of joint suretyship signed for the loan facility 
in favour of First National Bank. 

(ii) Bank loan – secured
Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa
On 1 October 2010, the Sedibeng JV settled its loan (capital and interest) of R2.8 million (US$0.4 million) with the Industrial Development Corporation 
of South Africa (“IDC”). The Group’s borrowings at 30 June 2010 were R2.2 million (US$0.3 million) with an effective interest rate of 9.92%. 

Messina Diamonds (Pty) Ltd has been released from the suretyship as co‑principal debtor and the general notarial bond over its moveable assets 
in favour of the IDC. 

(iii) Bank loans – secured
First National Bank 
The Company’s South African subsidiaries have a total loan facility of R70.0 million (US$10.2 million) (30 June 2010: R70.0 million (US$9.1 million)) 
with First National Bank of which Rnil (US$nil) (30 June 2010: Rnil (US$nil)) has been drawn down. 

The above facility is secured by a guarantee issued by the Company, suretyships from Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd, Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd, Sedibeng JV 
and Blue Diamond Mines (Pty) Ltd, and cessions of inter‑group loans payable in favour of First National Bank. 

(iv) Bank loans – secured
Rand Merchant Bank (“RMB”)
On 4 November 2010, the Company announced the financial close and completion of a R300 million (US$43.5 million) loan facility with RMB. 
The loan facility is available for the Company’s draw‑down for up to 24 months from the agreement date and has a capital repayment holiday 
period to 14 September 2012. The loan is repayable in eight semi‑annual payments commencing after the capital repayment holiday period with 
the final payment due on 15 March 2016. The loan incurs interest at the South African three month JIBAR rate plus 4.5% and is payable in 
semi‑annual payments from the commencement date of the loan facility. The effective interest rate for the debt facility at 30 June 2011 is 14.0%. 

On 3 November 2010, as a term of the debt facility, RMB was granted 6.3 million warrants over Petra shares. The warrants vest on grant and the 
warrant expiry dates will be in equal tranches at the end of years two, three and four from the warrant grant date. The warrant exercise prices 
for each tranche are 90 pence, 95 pence and 100 pence respectively. The Black‑Scholes methodology as outlined in IFRS 2 has been used to value 
the warrants, as set out in note 28.

The portion of facility fees and warrant fair value charges of R17.6 million (US$4.4 million) associated with the facility drawn‑down have been 
debited against the gross draw‑down value of R267.1 million (US$39.0 million), in accordance with IAS 32 and IAS 39, to reflect a net interest 
bearing liability of R249.5 million (US$36.5 million). The remaining R6.5 million (US$0.9 million) of facility fees and warrant fair value charges 
associated within the undrawn facility are held in prepayments as the loan facility is expected to be utilised.

The  above  facility  is  secured  by  various  encumbrances  and  pledges,  concluded  in  respect  of  certain  assets  belonging  to  the  Group 
including the Cullinan mine mining right; moveable and immovable assets at Cullinan mine; the shares in Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd, 
Blue Diamond Mines (Pty) Ltd and Williamson Diamonds Ltd.

(v) Bank loans – secured
International Finance Corporation (“IFC”)
On 4 November 2010, the Company announced the financial close and completion of a US$40.0 million loan facility with the IFC. The loan 
facility is available for the Company’s draw‑down for up to 24 months from the agreement date and a has capital repayment holiday period to 
14 September 2012. The loan is repayable in eight semi‑annual payments commencing after the capital repayment holiday period, with the final 
payment due on 15 March 2016. The loan incurs interest at the US$ six month LIBOR rate plus 4.5% and is payable in semi‑annual payments 
from commencement date of the loan facility. The effective interest rate for the debt facility at 30 June 2011 is 8.9%. 

On 3 November 2010, as a term of the debt facility, the IFC was granted 6.3 million warrants over Petra shares. The warrants vest on grant and 
the warrant expiry dates will be in equal tranches at the end of years two, three and four from the warrant grant date. The warrant exercise prices 
for each tranche are 90 pence, 95 pence and 100 pence respectively. The Black‑Scholes methodology as outlined in IFRS 2 has been used to value 
the warrants, as set out in note 28.

The portion of facility fees and warrant fair value charges of US$4.2 million associated with the facility drawn‑down have been debited against 
the gross draw‑down value of US$36.5 million, in accordance with IAS 32 and IAS 39, to reflect a net interest bearing liability of US$33.1 million. 
The remaining US$0.4 million of facility fees and warrant fair value charges associated within the undrawn facility are held in prepayments as 
the loan facility is expected to be utilised.

The  above  facility  is  secured  by  various  encumbrances  and  pledges,  concluded  in  respect  of  certain  assets  belonging  to  the  Group 
including the Cullinan mine mining right; moveable and immoveable assets at Cullinan mine; the shares in Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd, 
Blue Diamond Mines (Pty) Ltd and Williamson Diamonds Ltd.

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

22. Interest‑bearing loans and borrowings continued
(vi) Loan – unsecured
Al Rajhi 
On 20 November 2010, the Company settled its loan (capital and interest) of US$32.8 million (30 June 2010: US$32.0 million) with Al Rajhi. 
The Group’s borrowings at 30 June 2010 were US$32.0 million with an effective interest rate of 8%. 

(vii) Deferred Cullinan consideration
Al Rajhi 
The deferred consideration of US$35.0 million, which formed part of the consideration paid for the acquisition of the additional 50% interest in 
CIHL, has been discounted over a period of 24 months using a discount factor of 6%. The discounted deferred consideration balance is being 
accreted over the period of 24 months to the full settlement value. During the year, a portion (US$15.0 million) of the deferred consideration 
capital amount was repaid leaving a capital balance of US$20 million to be settled in December 2011. At year end the discounted deferred 
consideration balance is US$18.7 million (30 June 2010: US$32.0 million).

There are no significant differences between the fair value and carrying value of loans and borrowings.

23. Trade and other payables 

US$ million 
Current 
Trade payables 
Deferred consideration (i) 
Accruals and other payables 

Taxation payable 

Non‑current 
Amounts owing to BEE partners (ii) 

2011 

11.5  
 2.8  
 25.1  
 39.4  
—  
 39.4  

 29.0  
 29.0  

2010

 9.4 
 2.9 
 16.9 
 29.2 
 1.1 
 30.3 

 23.2 
 23.2 

Current
(i) 

 The Group is liable to pay US$3.2 million (30 June 2010: US$3.2 million) (US$2.8 million after deducting the deferred consideration discount 
(30 June 2010: US$2.9 million)) being the balance of the Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd purchase price which is payable from 50% of the cash 
surplus generated by Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd for the years ending 31 December 2006 and 2007.

 Any shortfall in the amount payable in any one year can be carried forward to the next year until such time that the total amount payable of 
US$2.8 million has been extinguished. At year end no portion of the liability had been repaid and the total liability will be carried forward to 
June 2012.

(ii)   The loans bear interest at the prevailing South African prime interest rate. The loans are repayable from future cashflows from the underlying 

operations only when the loans advanced to BEE partners (refer to note 19) have been repaid in full to the Group. 

The financial liabilities included in trade and other payables (which exclude taxation) are as follows:

US$ million 
Trade payables 
Other payables (includes deferred consideration) 
Non‑current trade payables owing to BEE partners 

The carrying values of financial liabilities classified as other liabilities are denominated in the following currencies:

US$ million 
Botswana pula 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

2011 
 11.5  
 27.9  
29.0  
 68.4  

2011 
— 
1.8 
54.2 
12.4 
68.4 

2010
 9.4 
 19.8 
 23.2 
 52.4 

2010
 0.1 
 1.0 
 41.7 
 9.6 
 52.4 

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24. Provisions

US$ million 
Balance at 1 July 2009 
Arising on business combination 
Increase in provisions 
Unwinding of present value adjustment of rehabilitation provision 
Exchange differences  
Balance at 30 June 2010 
Current 
Non‑current 
Balance at 30 June 2010 
Balance at 1 July 2010 
Increase in provisions 
Unwinding of present value adjustment of rehabilitation provision 
Exchange differences 
Balance at 30 June 2011 
Current 
Non‑current 
Balance at 30 June 2011 

Post‑retirement  
medical fund  
and income tax 
 4.2  
 2.3  
 0.9  
—  
 0.1  
 7.5  
 2.2  
 5.3  
 7.5 
 7.5 
1.4 
— 
 0.6 
 9.5 
 2.2 
 7.3 
 9.5 

 Rehabilitation 
 26.0  
 15.8  
—  
 2.6  
 0.3  
 44.7  
—  
44.7 
 44.7 
 44.7 
3.9 
3.8 
3.4 
 55.8 
— 
 55.8 
 55.8 

Total
 30.2 
18.1 
 0.9 
 2.6 
 0.4 
 52.2 
 2.2 
 50.0 
 52.2 
52.2
5.3
3.8
4.0
65.3
2.2
63.1
65.3

Employee entitlements and other provisions
The provisions relate to provision for an unfunded post retirement medical fund and income tax. The provision for the post‑retirement medical 
fund is further disclosed in note 34. The provision for taxation is based on estimates made, where appropriate, from historical information and 
professional advice.

Rehabilitation
The provision is the estimated cost of the environmental rehabilitation at each site, which is based on current legal requirements and existing 
technology. The Group estimates the present value of the rehabilitation expenditure at each mine as follows:

U 

 Koffiefontein mine of US$7.8 million (30 June 2010: US$6.4 million), provided over the current life of mine plan of 14 years;

U 

 Cullinan mine of US$18.9 million (30 June 2010: US$15.5 million) provided over the estimated total life of mine of 53 years;

U 

 Kimberley Underground mines of US$14.1 million (30 June 2010: US$8.3 million) provided over the current life of mine plan of 11 years;

U 

 Williamson mine of US$12.9 million (30 June 2010: US$12.1 million) provided over the current life of mine plan of 17 years; and

U 

 Helam, Star and Sedibeng of US$2.1 million (30 June 2010: US$2.4 million) (the Fissure mines) provided over their current life of mine plan 
of approximately 17 years.

The majority of the rehabilitation expenditure is expected to be incurred at the end of the life of the respective mine. This is represented by the 
current life of mine plans for the mines, with the exception of Cullinan which is expected to be rehabilitated after 53 years, of which 16 years are 
included in the current life of mine plan. The 53 year period assumes mining of the C‑Cut.

The significant assumptions and uncertainties are disclosed in note 1.24. Cash and cash equivalents have been secured in respect of rehabilitation 
provisions, as disclosed in notes 19 and 20. 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

25. Deferred taxation

US$ million 
Balance at beginning of the year 
Adjustment as a result of business combination 
Income statement charge/(credit) 
Foreign currency translation difference 
Balance at the end of the year 

Deferred taxation comprising:

US$ million 
Deferred tax liability: 
– Capital allowances 
– Prepayments and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 

Deferred tax asset: 
– Capital allowances 
– Provisions and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
– Tax losses 

Net deferred taxation liability/(asset) 

US$ million 
Deferred tax liability: 
– Capital allowances 
– Prepayments and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 

Deferred tax asset: 
– Capital allowances 
– Provisions and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
– Tax losses 

Net deferred taxation liability/(asset) 

2011 deferred taxation schedule of movements

US$ million  
Deferred tax liability: 
– Capital allowances 
– Prepayments and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
Deferred tax asset: 
– Capital allowances 
– Provisions and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
– Tax losses 
Net deferred tax liability movement 

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2011 
 30.3 
— 
 6.4 
 1.0 
 37.7 

2010
 7.4 
 24.1 
 (1.1)
 (0.1)
 30.3 

2011 
  Recognised 

2011  

 Unrecognised

88.3 
0.1 
2.7 
91.1 

(39.0) 
(9.1) 
(1.3) 
(4.0) 
(53.4) 
37.7 

—
—
—
—

(1.4)
(0.6)
(0.3)
(32.8)
(35.1)
(35.1)

2010 
  Recognised 

2010  

 Unrecognised

 64.3 
— 
 0.3 
 64.6 

 (27.4) 
 (6.7) 
— 
 (0.2) 
 (34.3) 
 30.3 

 7.7 
 0.3 
 1.1 
 9.1 

 (10.3)
 (0.6)
 (1.0)
 (12.8)
 (24.7)
 (15.6)

Income 
statement 

  Statement of 
financial 
position

24.0 
0.1 
2.4 

(11.6) 
(2.4) 
(2.3) 
(3.8) 
6.4 

—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—

Total 

88.3 
0.1 
2.7 
91.1 

(40.4) 
(9.7) 
(1.6) 
(36.8) 
(88.5) 
2.6 

Total 

 72.0 
 0.3 
 1.4 
 73.7 

 (37.7) 
 (7.3) 
 (1.0) 
 (13.0) 
 (59.0) 
 14.7 

Total  

24.0 
0.1 
2.4 

(11.6) 
(2.4) 
(2.3) 
(3.8) 
6.4 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Deferred taxation continued 
2010 deferred taxation schedule of movements 

US$ million  
Deferred tax liability: 
– Capital allowances 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
Deferred tax asset: 
– Capital allowances 
– Provisions and accruals 
– Foreign exchange allowances 
– Tax losses 
Net deferred tax liability movement 
Less deferred tax adjustment for CIHL inventory fair value uplift¹ 
Income statement credit 

Total  

 54.7 
 0.1 

 (27.4) 
 (6.5) 
 1.2 
 0.9 
23.0 

Income 
statement 

Statement of 
financial 
position

 35.6 
 0.1 

 (24.9) 
 (6.5) 
 1.1 
 0.9 
6.3 
 (7.4) 
 (1.1) 

 19.1 
— 

 (2.5)
— 
 0.1 
— 
 16.7 

1.  The deferred tax adjustment of US$7.4 million is in respect of a deferred tax asset raised by the Group on inventory that has been fair valued at the date of acquiring the 

additional 50% in CIHL. Subsequent to the acquisition, the inventory was sold and the deferred tax liability released. 

Deferred tax assets of US$5.0 million have been recognised in respect of tax losses to be utilised by future taxable profits at Kimberley Underground. 
The Directors believe it is probable these tax assets will be recovered through future taxable income or the reversal of temporary differences. 
Losses were recorded in FY 2010 as the mine only started production in May 2010; a taxable profit was generated in FY 2011. The utilised tax 
losses expiry period is detailed in note 11 and deductible temporary differences have no expiry period. 

26. Financial instruments
Exposures to currency, liquidity, market price, credit and interest rate risk arise in the normal course of the Group’s business. The Group may from 
time to time use financial instruments to help manage these risks. The Directors review and agree policies for managing each of these risks. 
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement and the basis 
on which income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each class of financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument, are disclosed 
in note 1.

The details of the categories of financial instruments of the Group are as follows: 

US$ million 
Financial assets: 
Loans and receivables: 
– Non‑current trade receivables 
– Trade receivables 
– Other receivables 
– Cash and cash equivalents – restricted 
– Cash and cash equivalents – unrestricted 
Available‑for‑sale financial assets (level 1 valuation) 
Fair value designated hedge: 
– Derivative financial instruments (level 2 valuation) 

Financial liabilities: 
Held at amortised cost: 
– Non‑current amounts owing to BEE partners 
– Loans and borrowings 
– Trade and other payables (includes deferred consideration) 
Fair value designated hedge: 
– Other current liabilities – firm commitment (level 2 valuation) 

2011 

2010

51.1 
20.6 
13.7 
228.0 
96.9 
0.4 

6.0 
416.7 

 29.0 
 90.1 
 39.4 

 6.0 
164.5 

 32.2 
 2.9 
 8.9 
 9.7 
 24.8 
 0.8 

— 
 79.3 

 23.2 
 64.5 
 30.3 

— 
 118.0 

There is no significant difference between the fair value of financial assets and liabilities and the carrying values set out in the table above, noting 
that non‑current receivables bear interest and are therefore not discounted. Available‑for‑sale financial assets are valued based on the share price 
at the reporting date. A loss of US$0.4 million (30 June 2010: US$0.1 million) has been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Other 
Comprehensive Income in respect of the reduction of the available‑for‑sale financial assets to fair value. 

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83

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

26. Financial instruments continued
Fair value measurement hierarchy
IFRS 7 requires certain disclosures which require the classification of financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value using a fair value 
hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy has the following levels: 

(a)  quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1);

(b)   inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly 

(i.e. derived from prices) (Level 2); and

(c)  inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs) (Level 3).

The level of the financial asset or financial liability in the fair value hierarchy is determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to 
the  fair  value  measurement.  Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  classified  in  their  entirety  into  only  one  of  the  three  levels.  The  only 
financial instruments held by the Group that were carried at fair value were the available for sale financial asset, forward currency contracts and 
South African rand deposits designated as hedging instruments for the Finsch acquisition. The available‑for‑sale financial assets were valued 
using Level 1 of the hierarchy using quoted prices. The hedging instrument and hedged item were valued by broker statements using observable 
market prices. 

The currency profile of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities is as follows:

US$ million 
Financial assets: 
Botswana pula 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

Financial liabilities: 
Botswana pula 
Pound sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

2011 

0.1 
290.6 
120.5 
5.5 
416.7 

— 
59.7 
92.3 
12.5 
164.5 

2010

 0.1 
 6.5 
 54.1 
 18.6 
 79.3 

 0.1 
 1.0 
 42.2 
 74.7 
 118.0 

The Group is exposed through its operations to one or more of the following risks:

U 

 credit risk;

U 

 foreign exchange risk;

U 

 liquidity risk;

U 

 interest rate risk; and

U 

 other market price risk.

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Group’s 
objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative information in respect 
of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements. 

Principal financial instruments
The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:

U 

 trade and other receivables (current and non‑current);

U 

 cash at bank;

U 

 trade and other payables (current and non‑current);

U 

 loans and borrowings; 

U 

 hedging instruments; and

U 

 firm commitments.

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26. Financial instruments continued
Credit risk
The Group sells its rough diamond production through a tender process on a recognised bourse. This mitigates the need to undertake credit evaluations. 
Where production is not sold on a tender basis the Directors undertake suitable credit evaluations before passing ownership of the product. 

At the reporting date there were no significant concentrations of credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying 
amount of the financial assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The financial assets are carried at amortised cost, with no 
indication of impairment. The Group considers the credit quality of loans and receivables that are neither past due nor impaired to be good. 

Credit risk associated with loans to BEE partners is mitigated by a contractual obligation for the loans to be repaid from future cashflows prior 
to any payments being paid to the BEE partners from future cashflows generated by the operations. 

Group cash balances are deposited with reputable banking institutions within the countries in which it operates. Excess cash is held in overnight call 
accounts and term deposits ranging from seven to 30 days. Refer to note 20 for restricted cash secured in respect of rehabilitation obligations and 
the purchase of the Finsch mine. At year end the Group had undrawn borrowing facilities of US$18.5 million (30 June 2010: US$10.4 million).

Foreign currency risk
Foreign exchange risk arises because the Group has operations located in parts of the world where the functional currency is not the same as the 
Group’s primary functional currency of US dollars. The Group’s net assets arising from its foreign operations are exposed to currency risk resulting 
in gains and losses on translation into US dollars. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Group consider hedging its net investments in foreign 
operations,  as  generally  it  does  not  consider  that  the  reduction  in  foreign  currency  exposure  warrants  the  cashflow  risk  created  from  such 
hedging techniques. 

Foreign exchange risk also arises when individual Group operations enter into transactions denominated in a currency other than their functional 
currency. The policy of the Group is, where possible, to allow Group entities to settle liabilities denominated in their local currency with the cash 
generated from their own operations in that currency. In the case of the funding of non‑current assets, such as projects to expand productive 
capacity entailing material levels of capital expenditure, the central Group treasury function will assist the foreign operation to obtain matching 
funding in the functional currency of that operation and shall provide additional funding where required. The currency in which the additional 
funding is provided is determined by taking into account the following factors: 

U 

 the currency in which the revenue expected to be generated from the commissioning of the capital expenditure will be denominated;

U 

U 

 the degree to which the currency in which the funding provided is a currency normally used to effect business transactions in the business 
environment in which the foreign operation conducts business; and

 the currency of any funding derived by the Company for onward funding to the foreign operation and the degree to which it is considered 
necessary to hedge the currency risk of the Company represented by such derived funding.

The purchase price of Finsch was fixed in South African rands and as such created a foreign currency risk for the Group. The Group entered into 
forward exchange contracts and held South African rands in escrow accounts to mitigate the foreign currency risk on the Finsch purchase price.

The foreign currency effect on the Group’s financial assets and liabilities is as follows:

US$ million 
Financial assets: 
Botswana pula 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

Financial liabilities: 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

Year‑end  
US$ rate  

0.1523 
0.6243 
0.1463 
1.0000 

0.6243 
0.1463 
1.0000 

30 June 2011

Year‑end 
amount  

US$  
strengthens 10%  

US$  

 weakens 10%

0.1 
290.6 
120.5 
5.5 
416.7 

59.7 
92.3 
12.5 
164.5 

0.1 
261.5 
108.4 
5.5 
375.5 

53.7 
83.0 
12.5 
149.2 

0.1
319.7
132.5
5.5
457.8

65.6
101.5
12.5
179.6

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85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

26. Financial instruments continued
Foreign currency risk continued

US$ million 
Financial assets: 
Botswana pula 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

Financial liabilities: 
Botswana pula 
Pounds sterling 
South African rand 
US dollar 

Year‑end  
US$ rate  

0.1390 
0.6637 
0.1307 
1.0000 

0.1390 
0.6637 
0.1307 
1.0000 

30 June 2010

Year‑end 
amount  

US$  
strengthens 10%  

US$  

 weakens 10%

 0.1 
 6.5 
 54.1 
 18.6 
 79.3 

 0.1 
 1.0 
 42.2 
 74.7 
 118.0 

 0.1 
 5.8 
 48.7 
 18.6 
 73.2 

 0.1 
 0.9 
 38.0 
 74.7 
 113.7 

 0.1 
 7.1 
 59.5 
 18.6 
85.3 

 0.1 
 1.1 
 46.4 
 74.7 
 122.3 

The Directors consider a 10% currency movement to be the maximum likely cumulative change over the next 12 months.

Derivatives

US$ million 
Derivative financial assets 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
Forward foreign exchange contracts – fair value hedges   
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
Total derivative financial assets 
Less non‑current portion 
Current portion 

2011 

2010

6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
— 
6.0 

 —
 —
 —
 —
 —

The fair value of the derivative financial assets is split between current and non‑current depending on the remaining maturity of the forward 
exchange contract and its contractual cashflows. The fair value of the Group’s foreign exchange contracts is based on broker quotes.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the fair value of the derivative assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The derivative financial assets have a maturity profile of less than three months.

The Group took out forward foreign exchange contracts and held deposits in South African Rands to manage the foreign exchange risk associated 
with the unrecognised firm commitment to purchase the Finsch mine for R1.425 billion (refer note 29) after the year end. The Group entered into 
short‑term forward currency contracts to hedge the foreign currency risk.

The material principal amount of the forward contracts designated as fair value hedging instruments was US$86.4 million. The hedging instruments 
were effective at inception and at year end. The fair value of the hedging instruments is recognised as an asset in the Consolidated Statement of 
Financial Position and an equal liability (“other current liabilities – firm commitment”) has been recognised reflecting the cumulative foreign 
exchange movement attributable to  the  unrecognised  firm commitment. The movements (US$6.0 million  gain  and US$6.0  million  loss)  are 
recognised in financial income.

Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s management of working capital and the finance charges and principal repayments on its debt instruments. It is 
the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations and when necessary will seek to raise funds through the issue 
of shares. 

It is the policy of the Group to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when they fall due. To achieve 
this aim, the Group maintains cash balances and funding facilities at levels considered appropriate to meet ongoing obligations. 

Cashflow is monitored on a regular basis. Projections reflected in the Group working capital model indicate that the Group will have sufficient 
liquid resources to meet its obligations under all reasonable expected circumstances. The maturity analysis of the actual cash payment due in 
respect of loans and borrowings is set out in the table opposite. The maturity analysis of trade and other payables are in accordance with those 
terms and conditions agreed between the Group and its suppliers. For trade and other payables, payment terms are 30 days, provided all terms 
and conditions have been complied with. Exceptions to agreed terms are set out in note 23, as reflected under non‑current. 

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26. Financial instruments continued
Maturity analysis
The  below  maturity  analysis  reflects  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  loans  and  borrowings  based  on  actual  carrying  values  rather  than 
actual cashflows.

US$ million 
Cash 
Cash and cash equivalents – unrestricted 
Cash – restricted 
Total cash 
Loans and borrowings 
Bank loan – secured 
Bank loan – secured 
Deferred consideration 
Associate loans 

Cashflow of loans and borrowings 

US$ million 
Cash 
Cash and cash equivalents – unrestricted 
Cash – restricted 
Total cash 
Loans and borrowings 
Bank loan – secured 
Bank loan – secured 
Loan – unsecured 
Deferred consideration loan – unsecured 

Cashflow of loans and borrowings 

Notes  

20 
20 

22(iv) 
22(v) 
22(vii) 
22 

Notes  

20 
20 

22(i) 
22(ii) 
22(vi) 
22(vii) 

Effective  
interest 
rate  

0.1%–5.8% 
0.1%–5.8% 

14.0% 
 8.9% 
 6.0% 
9.5% 

Effective  
interest 
rate  

 0.1%–5.8% 
 0.1%–5.8% 

9.92% 
9.92% 
8% 
6% 

30 June 2011

Total  

6 months  
or less 

6–12 
months 

1–2 
years 

2–5 
years

96.9 
 228.0 
324.9 

36.5 
33.1 
18.7 
1.8 
90.1 
97.4 

96.9 
228.0 
324.9 

— 
— 
18.7 
— 
 18.7 
20.0 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

9.8 
9.1 
— 
— 
18.9 
18.9 

— 
— 
— 

26.7
24
— 
1.8
52.5 
58.5

30 June 2010

Total  

6 months  
or less 

6–12 
months 

1–2 
years 

2–5 
years

 24.8 
 9.7 
34.5 

 0.2 
 0.3 
 32.0 
 32.0 
 64.5 
70.2 

 24.8 
 9.7 
 34.5 

— 
 0.3 
 17.0 
— 
 17.3 
18.7 

— 
— 
— 

 0.1 
— 
— 
— 
 0.1 
 0.1 

— 
— 
— 

 0.1 
— 
 15.0 
 32.0 
 47.1 
51.4 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Interest rate risk
The Group has borrowings that incur interest at floating rates and no interest rate swaps are used. Management constantly monitors the floating 
interest rates so that action can be taken should it be considered necessary. An analysis of the sensitivity to interest rate changes is presented 
below. The Directors consider 100 basis points to be the maximum likely change in interest rates over the next 12 months.

The effect of an interest rate increase/(decrease) on the Group’s interest charge in the year is as follows:

US$ million 
Bank loan – secured 
Bank loan – secured 
Deferred consideration loan – unsecured 
Associate loans 

Notes 
22(iv) 
22(v) 
22(vii) 

Year‑end 
interest 
rate 
14.0% 
 8.9% 
6% 
 9.5% 

30 June 2011

Year‑end 
interest‑  
bearing  
liability 
36.5 
33.1 
18.7 
1.8 
 90.1 

Interest 
rate 
increases 
1% 
 0.3 
 0.3 
— 
0.1 
0.7 

Interest 
rate 
(decreases) 

 1%
(0.3) 
(0.3) 
— 
 (0.1) 
 (0.7) 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

26. Financial instruments continued
Interest rate risk continued

US$ million 
Bank loan – secured 
Bank loan – secured 
Loan – unsecured 
Deferred consideration loan – unsecured 

Year‑end 
interest 
rate 
9.92% 
9.92% 
8% 
6% 

Notes 
22(i) 
22(ii) 
22(vi) 
22(vii) 

30 June 2010

Year‑end 
interest‑  
bearing  
liability 
 0.2 
 0.3 
 32.0 
 32.0 
64.5 

Interest 
rate 
increases 
1% 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Interest 
rate 
(decreases) 

 1%
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

The loans disclosed in note 22 parts (vi) and (vii) are a fixed interest rate loan or a discounted deferred consideration and therefore are not 
exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. 

Each interest‑bearing financial liability is restated to show the cashflows arising based on the respective country specific prime lending rates 
as disclosed in note 22.

Other market price risk
The  Group  generates  revenue  from  the  sale  of  rough  and  polished  diamonds.  The  significant  number  of  variables  involved  in  determining 
the selling prices of rough diamonds, such as the uniqueness of each individual rough stone, the content of the rough diamond parcel and 
the  ruling  US$/ZAR  spot  rate  at  the  date  of  sale,  makes  it  difficult  to  accurately  extrapolate  the  impact  the  fluctuations  in  diamond  prices 
would have on the Group’s revenue. 

Capital disclosures
Capital is defined by the Group to be the capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the parent company. The Group’s objectives when 
maintaining capital are:

U 

 to safeguard the ability of the entity to continue as a going concern; and

U 

 to provide an adequate return to shareholders.

The  Group  monitors  capital  on  the  basis  of  the  debt  to  equity  ratio.  This  ratio  is  calculated  as  net  debt  to  equity.  Net  debt  is  calculated 
as  total  debt  (excluding  provisions  and  deferred  tax  liabilities)  less  restricted  and  unrestricted  cash  and  cash  equivalents.  Equity  comprises 
all components of equity attributable to equity holders of the parent company. 

The debt to equity ratios at 30 June 2011 and 30 June 2010 are as follows:

US$ million 
Total debt 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Net debt/(funds) 
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the parent company 
Net (funds)/debt to equity ratio 

2011 
164.5 
(324.9) 
 (160.4) 
667.0 
(0.24):1 

2010
 118.0 
 (34.5)
 83.5 
 257.3 
0.32:1

The Group manages its capital structure by the issue of ordinary shares, raising debt finance where appropriate, and managing Group cash and 
cash equivalents.

27. Contingent liabilities
Details of contingent liabilities where the probability of future payments/receipts is not considered remote are set out below, as well as details of 
contingent  liabilities,  which  although  considered  remote  the  Directors  consider  should  be  disclosed.  The  Directors  are  of  the  opinion  that 
provisions are not required in respect of these matters, as it is not probable that a future sacrifice of economic benefits will be required or the 
amount is not capable of reliable measurement.

Environmental
The controlled entities of the Company provide for all known environmental liabilities. While the Directors of each of those entities and the 
Company  believe  that,  based  upon  current  information,  their  current  provisions  for  environmental  rehabilitation  are  adequate,  there  can 
be  no  assurance  that  new  material  provisions  will  not  be  required  as  a  result  of  new  information  or  regulatory  requirements  with  respect 
to known mining operations or identification of new rehabilitation obligations at other mine operations. 

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28. Share‑based payments
Employee share options
The Company has an established share option programme that entitles the Remuneration Committee, at its discretion, to grant share options to 
Directors and Senior Management. The terms and conditions of the share options granted during the year ended 30 June 2011 are disclosed below. 
The share‑based payment expense has been calculated using the Black‑Scholes model. All share options are equity settled. 

Fair value of share options granted during the year and assumptions are as follows:

Fair value at measurement date 
Exercise price 
Share price at grant date 
Expected volatility 
Vesting period 
Option life 
Expected dividends 
Risk‑free interest rate (based on national Government bonds) 

2011 
31.0p–51.2p 
92.8p 
97.0p 
79.2% 
1–3 years 
10 years 

— —

2010
20.8p–35.7p
45.5p–60.5p
64p–66p
68%–71%
1–3 years
10 years

0.98%–2.48% 

0.98%–2.48%

The expected volatility is based on historic volatility of the Group’s share price, adjusted for any extreme changes in the share price during the 
historic period. During the year, 2,079,999 (30 June 2010: 233,862) options held by employees were exercised and the Company expensed 
US$1.9 million (30 June 2010: US$1.7 million) related to the fair value of employee share options. During the year, 130,000 (30 June 2010: 492,805) 
options with a weighted average option price of 43.4 pence lapsed, 504,079 (30 June 2010: 16,666) share options with a weighted average 
option price of 42.4 pence (30 June 2010: 9.0 pence) were cancelled immediately before vesting and 500,000 (30 June 2010: 8,186,000) share 
options were granted at an option price of 92.8 pence. 

The terms and conditions of the options in issue are as follows, whereby all options are settled by delivery of shares:

Employees entitled 
Options granted to Directors 

Options granted to Senior Management 

Grant date 
5 September 2003 
16 June 2005 
31 May 2006 
12 March 2009 
30 September 2009 
17 March 2010 
13 September 2004 
24 September 2004 

28 January 2005 

27 November 2005 
31 May 2006 
31 July 2006 
12 March 2009 
30 September 2009 
17 March 2010 
25 November 2010 

Vesting period  
Number 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1,000,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
2,000,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1,000,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
2,500,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1,150,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1,150,000 
50,000 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
75,000 25% from grant date for two years,  
then 50% in third year 
23,750 25% from grant date for two years,  
then 50% in third year 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 
1/3 per annum from grant date 

84,300 
166,388 
236,812 
4,470,000 
2,117,671 
3,060,002 
500,000 

 Remaining life 
of options 
(years)
2
4
5
8
9
9
3

3

4
4
5
7
8
9
9
10

Outstanding at beginning of the year 
Cancelled during the year 
Lapsed during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Granted during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 
Exercisable at the end of the year 

2011 

2010

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 
 48.60 
42.39 
 43.42 
 51.05 
92.80 
 47.88 
 51.38 

Number 
  21,798,001 
  (504,079) 
(130,000) 
 (2,079,999) 
  500,000 
 19,583,923 
 11,770,578 

Weighted  
average  
exercise price 
(pence) 
 45.46 
 15.92 
 62.76 
 49.07 
 53.08 
 48.60 
 37.73 

Number
  14,355,334 
 (16,666)
 (492,805)
 (233,862)
   8,186,000 
  21,798,001 
   5,052,102 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

28. Share‑based payments continued
Employee share options continued
The weighted average market price of the shares in respect of options exercised during the year was 156.87 pence (30 June 2009: 45.72 pence). 
The options outstanding at 30 June 2011 have an exercise price in the range of 27.5 pence to 96 pence (30 June 2009: 27.5 pence to 96 pence) 
and a weighted average remaining contractual life of seven years (30 June 2010: eight years). 

Employees received cash payments of US$0.8 million during the year in respect of options cancelled. The payments equate to the fair value at the 
date of cancellation and the Group recognised a charge to equity in accordance with IFRS 2 together with the acceleration of the remaining 
unamortised fair value in respect of the options of US$0.1 million in the income statement.

Warrants
As part of the debt facilities referred to in note 22 parts (iv) and (v), 12,600,000 warrants over Petra shares were granted to the IFC (6,300,000) and 
RMB (6,300,000). The fair value of the 12,600,000 warrants has been calculated using the Black‑Scholes model and debited against pre‑payments 
until such time as the loan is drawn down. The warrants were fair valued at US$7.9 million. When the loan is drawn down, the fair value is 
debited against the interest bearing non‑current borrowings and the effective interest rate and associated accretion charges adjusted accordingly 
(refer note 22 parts (iv) and (v)).

The fair value of the 5,457,037 warrants in issue as at 30 June 2010 was debited against the share premium account being a directly attributable 
cost of the December 2009 capital raising exercise.

Fair value at measurement date 
Exercise price 
Share price at date of grant 
Expected volatility 
Warrant life 
Expected dividends 
Risk‑free interest rate (based on national Government bonds) 

2011 
36.2p–41.7p 
  90p, 95p and 100p 
102.0p 
43%–63% 
2–4 years 
— 
0.65%–1.16% 

2010
18.5p
80p
72.2p
71%
2 years

1.73%

 —

The expected volatility is based on historic volatility of the Group’s share price, adjusted for any extreme changes in the share price during the 
historic period. During the year nil warrants (30 June 2010: 2,000,000) lapsed and 8,292,777 (30 June 2010: nil) were exercised with option 
prices in the range of 80 pence to 95 pence. 

The terms and conditions of the grants are as follows, whereby all warrants are settled by delivery of shares:

Outstanding at beginning of the year 
Lapsed during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Granted during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 
Exercisable at the end of the year 

2011 

2010

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 
 80.00 
— 
86.33 
 95.00 
 93.98  
 93.98  

Number 
 5,457,036 
— 
(8,292,777) 
 12,600,000 
9,764,259 
9,764,259 

Weighted  
average  
exercise price 
(pence) 
 130.00 
 130.00 
— 
 80.00 
 80.00 
 80.00 

Number
 2,000,000 
 (2,000,000)
— 
 5,457,036 
 5,457,036 
 5,457,036 

The warrants outstanding at 30 June 2011 have an exercise price in the range of 90 pence – 100 pence (30 June 2010: 80 pence) and a weighted 
average remaining contractual life of three years (30 June 2010: two years). 

29. Post‑balance sheet events
Acquisition of Finsch 
On 21 January 2011, the Company announced that it, together with its BEE partners, had entered into an agreement to acquire the Finsch mine in 
South Africa as a going concern (assets and assumed liabilities) from De Beers for R1.425 billion with the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Afropean 
Diamonds (Pty) Ltd acquiring a 74% interest and the BEE partners a 26% interest. On 14 September 2011, the Company announced the completion of 
the  Finsch  acquisition,  which  represented  the  date  the  Group  acquired  control  of  the  mine.  As  part  of  the  transaction,  the  Company  funded 
its  BEE  partners’  share  of  the  R1.425  billion  consideration  through  loans  to  the  BEE  partners.  The  final  cash  consideration  paid  in  US$  terms  was 
US$192 million reflecting the benefit of an effective hedging strategy to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the firm commitment to acquire Finsch.

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29. Post‑balance sheet events continued
Acquisition of Finsch continued
Effect of the acquisition
The acquisition will have the following effect on the Group’s assets and liabilities:

Finsch net assets at acquisition date 
US$ million 
Mining property, plant and equipment 
Land 
Inventory consumables and stores 
Trade and other receivables 
Environmental liabilities 
Long‑term payables 
Employee‑related payables 
Trade and other payables 
Net assets acquired 
Non‑controlling interest (26%) 
Fair value of net assets attributable to the parent company 
Satisfied as follows: 
Total cash consideration paid by the Company and BEE consortium 

Book 
values 
234.6 
0.7 
4.1 
1.6 
(16.2) 
(17.1) 
(5.1) 
(5.6) 
197.0 

Provisional  
fair value 
  adjustments 
(2.5) 
— 
(1.0) 
(1.6) 
— 
0.1 
— 
— 
(5.0) 

Provisional 
fair values
232.1
0.7
3.1
—
(16.2)
(17.0)
(5.1)
(5.6)
192.0
(49.9)
142.1

192.0

The  Company  has  only  recently  taken  control  of  the  mine  and  as  a  result  the  fair  values  presented  are  provisional  and  subject  to  revision 
in accordance with IFRS.

30. Related parties
Subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
Details of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are disclosed in note 32 and note 16 respectively.

Directors
Details relating to Directors’ emoluments and shareholdings in the Company are disclosed in note 12 and in the Directors’ Report (page 38) and 
the Directors’ Remuneration Report (page 47) respectively. Key management remuneration is disclosed in note 12.

There are no material loans to Directors or Senior Management that have not been disclosed in the notes.

During the year a subsidiary of the Company paid US$5.6 million (R39.2 million) (30 June 2010: US$1.2 million (R8.9 million)) to Zeren (Pty) Ltd 
(“Zeren”) for the purchase of specialised plant and equipment. The equipment was supplied to a subsidiary of the Company at Zeren’s cost and, 
given  its  specialised  nature,  on  an  exclusive  basis.  Mr  Dippenaar,  Mr  Davidson  and  Mr  Abery  are  all  Directors  of  the  Company  and  are  also 
directors and shareholders of Zeren. 

Within the balance sheet as at 30 June 2011 is an amount of US$5.0 million (2010: US$4.6 million) which was paid by the Company to Sirius 
Resource Fund 1 Limited (”Sirius”) as part of a transaction whereby the Company intends to acquire from Sirius an increased interest in the 
Group’s South African operations. Mr Pouroulis was previously an investment consultant to Sirius Investment Management LP (“SIM”) which 
provides investment advisory services to Sirius. During the year to June 2011 Mr Pouroulis was appointed a director of SIM (subsequent to the 
payment to Sirius referred to above).

Umnotho weSizwe Group (Pty) Ltd (“Umnotho”), one of Petra’s BEE partners, holds a 36% interest in the Cullinan mine BEE holding company, 
Thembinkosi Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd (“Thembinkosi”). The Group has a non‑current receivable due from Thembinkosi of US$31.0 million 
and a non‑current payable due to Thembinkosi of US$29.0 million. These sums arise due to the funding that the Group has provided to Umnotho 
to finance its interests in the Cullinan mine. Mr Abery is a director of Umnotho. Mr Pouroulis and Mr Abery are beneficiaries of a trust that is a 
shareholder in Umnotho.

Shareholders
The principal shareholders of the Company are detailed in the Directors’ Report on page 39.

Transactions with non‑controlling interests are detailed in note 22 parts (vi) and (vii).

Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd 
The Company is a 29.5% shareholder in Nabera Mining (Pty) Ltd (“Nabera”), the company that managed the Alexkor diamond mine between 
1999 and 2001. During the year ended 30 June 2011, Petra did not incur any expenses on behalf of Nabera (30 June 2010: Rnil (US$nil)). Prior 
period expenses were incurred in relation to the recovery of the management fee and other amounts due to Nabera from Alexkor Limited and 
the South African Government. The total expenses incurred on Nabera’s behalf of US$0.3 million will be reimbursed to the Company on receipt 
of the management fee and other amounts due. 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

31. Significant non‑cash transactions

US$ million 
Operating activities 
Share‑based payments 
Foreign exchange gain 
Reversal of impairment 
Impairment 
Recycling of foreign exchange differences on exploration projects 
Release of fair value uplift on sales of inventory acquired through second 50% acquisition of CIHL  
Fair value uplift on acquisition of additional 50% of Cullinan 
Increase/(decrease) in provisions 
Shares issued to repay non‑current liabilities   
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Loss/(profit) on sale of property, plant and equipment 
Finance income 
Finance expense 

Investing activities 
Non‑cash capital expenditure (capitalisation of borrowing costs and other) 
Non‑cash interest from BEE partners 

2011 

 1.9 
 (18.9) 
 (11.7) 
5.2 
— 
— 
— 
 1.4 
— 
 22.4 
— 
 0.3 
 (7.7) 
 11.5 
4.4 

5.7 
5.5 
11.2 

2010

 0.9 
 (5.1)
— 

 (12.3)
 26.4 
 (31.0)
 (2.1)
 (15.0)
 11.9 
 1.0 
 (3.7)
 (7.8)
 12.6 
 (24.2)

3.2
3.2

 —

 —

32. Subsidiaries
At 30 June 2011 the Group held 20% or more of the allotted share capital of the following significant subsidiaries:

Afropean Diamonds (Pty) Ltd 
Autumn Star Investments (Pty) Ltd¹ 
Blue Diamond Mines (Pty) Ltd 
Crown Resources (Pty) Ltd 
Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd² 
Cullinan Investment Holdings Ltd² 
Dancarl Diamonds (Pty) Ltd¹ 
Ealing Management Services (Pty) Ltd 
Helam Mining (Pty) Ltd 
Kalahari Diamonds Ltd 
Kimberley Underground Mines JV 
Koffiefontein Mine JV 
Messina Diamonds (Pty) Ltd 
Messina Investments Ltd 
Petra Diamonds Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd 
Premier Rose Management Services (Pty) Ltd¹ 
Sedibeng Diamond Mine JV³ 
Sekaka Diamonds (Pty) Ltd 
Star Diamonds (Pty) Ltd 
Wilcroft Company Ltd 
Williamson Diamonds Ltd 

Class of  

 incorporation 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
British Virgin Islands  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
United Kingdom  Ordinary 
Unincorporated JV  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
Unincorporated JV  Ordinary 
Botswana  Ordinary 
South Africa  Ordinary 
Bermuda  Ordinary 
Tanzania  Ordinary 

Country of  share capital  Percentage 
held  held 2011 
74% 
 40% 
 100% 
 100% 
 74% 
 100% 
40% 
100% 
74% 
100% 
74% 
70%4 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
57.5% 
100% 
74% 
100% 
75% 

Percentage 
held 2010 
100% 
 40% 
 100% 
100% 
 74% 
 100% 
40% 
— 
100% 
100% 
74% 
70% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
57.5% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
75% 

Nature of business
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Services provision
Mining and exploration
Investment holding
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Mining and exploration
Investment holding
Services provision
Services provision
Mining and exploration
Exploration
Mining and exploration
Investment holding
Mining and exploration

1.  Although  the  Company  owns  40%  of  Autumn  Star  Investments  (Pty)  Ltd  and  Dancarl  Diamonds  (Pty)  Ltd,  the  Company  has  consolidated  its  investments  on  the  basis 

of control and management of daily and strategic operational activities.

2.  CIHL, Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd and Premier Rose Management Services (Pty) Ltd are all subsidiary companies, as a result of the additional 50% acquisition of CIHL 

from Al Rajhi in FY 2010 (refer note 3(b)).

3.  The Company owns an effective 57.5% of Sedibeng Diamond Mine JV (“Sedibeng”), through its investment in Messina Diamonds (Pty) Ltd and an effective 17% of Sedibeng 

through its investment in Autumn Star Investments (Pty) Ltd. 

4 The Company owns an effective 74% of Koffiefontein Mine JV, through its investment in Re‑Teng Diamonds (Pty) Ltd (refer note 3(a)).

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33. Pension scheme
The Company operates a defined benefit scheme and defined contribution scheme. The defined benefit scheme was acquired as part of the 
acquisition of Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd and is closed to new members. All new employees are required to join the defined contribution 
scheme. The assets of the pension schemes are held separately from those of the Group’s assets. 

Defined benefit scheme
The defined benefit scheme, which is contributory for members, provides benefits based on final pensionable salary and contributions. 

The pension charge or income for the defined benefit scheme is assessed in accordance with the advice of a qualified actuary using the projected 
unit credit method. The most important assumptions made in connection with the charge or income were that the return on the funds will be 
9.01% (30 June 2010: 11.39%), based on the average yield of South African Government long dated bonds plus 6.47%, and that salaries will 
be increased at 7.30% (30 June 2010: 7.20%), based on current South African consumer price index plus 1%. The market value of the assets of 
the defined benefit scheme at 30 June 2011 is R132.8 million (US$19.4 million) (30 June 2010: R140.1 million (US$18.3 million)) and the actuarial 
valuation  of  the  assets  on  an  ongoing  basis  represented  116.1%  (30  June  2010:  128.7%)  of  the  benefit  of  R120.6  million  (US$17.6  million) 
(30 June 2010: R108.8 million (US$14.2 million)) that had accrued to members allowing for expected future increases in earnings. The pension 
surplus is R12.2 million (US$1.8 million) (30 June 2010: R31.3 million (US$4.1 million)). The pension fund values are converted using the 
year‑end foreign exchange rate of US$1:R6.83 (30 June 2010: US$1:R7.65). 

US$ million 
Defined benefit obligations 
Present value of funded obligations 
Fair value of plan assets 
Unrecognised net gain – paragraph 58 limit    
Recognised surplus for defined benefit obligations 
Movements in present value of the defined benefit  
obligations recognised in the statement of financial position  
Net surplus for the defined benefit obligation as at 1 July  
Net expense recognised in the income statement 
Contributions by employer 
Unrecognised surplus due to IAS 19 paragraph 58 limit 
Net surplus for defined benefit obligations at 30 June 

2011 

 (17.6) 
19.4 
(1.8) 
— 

— 
 (0.4) 
 0.4 
— 
— 

2010

 (14.2)
 18.3 
 (4.1)
— 

— 
 (0.4)
 0.4 
— 
— 

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Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 continued

33. Pension scheme continued
Defined benefit scheme continued
Refer to note 1.17 for details of the limit applied to recognition of pension surplus asset.

US$ million 
Income/(expense) recognised in the income statement 
Current service cost 
Finance expense 
Expected return on assets 
Unrecognised net gain 
Recognition in terms of IAS 19 paragraph 58A 

Change in the fair value of the defined benefit assets 
Net surplus for the defined benefit obligation as at 1 July  
Foreign exchange movement on opening balances 
Expected return on assets 
Benefits paid to members 
Contributions 
Actuarial losses 
At 30 June 
Change in the present value of the defined benefit obligations 
At 1 July 
Foreign exchange movement on opening balance 
Benefits paid to members 
Current service cost 
Finance cost 
Contributions by members 
Actuarial losses 
At 30 June 
Actuarial gains and losses 
Actuarial losses on plan assets 
Actuarial losses on plan liabilities 
Analysis of plan assets 
Cash 
Equity 
Bonds 
Property 
Other – offshore 

Principal actuarial assumptions 
Discount rate at 30 June 
Expected return on plan assets at 30 June 
Future salary increases 
Inflation 
Future pension increases 

US$ million
Determination of estimated pension expense for the year ended 30 June 2012 
Member contributions 
Company contributions 
Benefit payments 
Deferred cumulative actuarial gains/(losses) 
Funded status 
Net change on assets 
Net change on liabilities 

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Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

2011 

 (0.5) 
 (1.4) 
 2.2 
 4.6 
 (5.3) 
 (0.4) 

18.3 
2.0 
 1.8 
 (2.4) 
 0.6 
 (0.9) 
 19.4 

 (14.2) 
(1.5) 
2.4 
(0.5) 
(1.4) 
(0.2) 
(2.2) 
 (17.6) 

 (0.9) 
 (2.2) 

  100.00% 
— 
— 
— 
— 
  100.00% 

2011 
% 
  per annum 

9.01% 
9.01% 
7.30% 
6.30% 
4.74% 

 0.2 
 0.4 
 (2.6) 

 1.8 
 1.1 
 (3.4) 
 (2.3) 

2010

 (0.4)
 (1.2)
 2.0 
 0.3 
 (1.1)
 (0.4)

 18.0 
 0.6 
 2.0 
 (2.0)
 0.5 
 (0.8)
 18.3 

 (13.4)
 (0.4)
 2.0 
 (0.4)
 (1.2)
 (0.2)
 (0.6)
 (14.2)

 (0.8)
 (0.6)

10.00%
75.00%
15.00%

 —
 —
  100.00%

2010 

 %

per annum

9.39%
11.39%
7.20%
6.20%
4.65%

 0.2 
 0.4 
 (2.2)

 4.1 
 (0.8)
 (0.6)
 (1.4)

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33. Pension scheme continued
Defined benefit scheme continued
US$ million 
Defined benefit obligation trends 
Plan assets 
Plan liabilities 
Surplus/(deficit) 

2011 

19.4 
(17.6) 
1.8 

2010 

18.3 
(14.2) 
4.1 

2009

18.0
(13.4)
4.6

Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on advice in accordance with published statistics and experience in the fund. 

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at the age of 65 on 30 June 2011 date is as follows:

Male 
Female 

2011 
18.01 
22.52 

2010
18.01
22.52

Further to the acquisition of the defined benefit fund, the Group has no experience adjustments.

34. Post‑retirement medical fund
The Company operates a post‑employment health care liability scheme. The post‑employment health care liability scheme was acquired as part 
of the acquisition of Cullinan Diamond Mine (Pty) Ltd and is closed to new members. All new employees will be responsible for funding their 
own post‑employment health care liability costs. 

The benefit liability for the post‑employment health care liability scheme is assessed in accordance with the advice of a qualified actuary using 
the projected unit credit method. The Group obtained a valuation using a third party actuary at 30 June 2010 and management has updated 
that valuation report for 30 June 2011. This is considered sufficient to achieve a materially accurate valuation. The Group’s post‑employment 
health care liability consists of a commitment to pay a portion of the members’ post‑employment medical scheme contributions. This liability 
is also generated in respect of dependants who are offered continued membership of the medical scheme on the death of the primary member. 
The  most  important  assumptions  made  in  connection  with  the  charge  or  income  were  that  the  health  care  cost  of  inflation  will  be  6.75% 
(30 June 2010: 6.75%), based on the average yield of South African Government long dated bonds of 9.25% (30 June 2010: 9.25%), and 
that salaries will be increased at 5.75% (30 June 2010: 5.75%). The actuarial accrued liability funded status of the post‑employment health care 
liability scheme at 30 June 2011 is R45.5 million (US$6.7 million) (30 June 2010: R40.7 million (US$5.2 million)). The post‑employment health 
care liability values are converted using the year‑end foreign exchange rate of US$1:R6.83 (30 June 2010: US$1:R7.65).

US$ million 
Post‑retirement medical fund 
Present value of post‑employment medical care obligations 
Unfunded status at 30 June 
Movements in present value of the post‑retirement  
medical fund obligations recognised in the statement of financial position
 Net liability for the post retirement medical fund obligation as at 1 July 
Arising on acquisition of subsidiary 
Net expense recognised in the income statement 
Net discount rate change 
Changes in % continuing at post‑employment 
Membership changes 
Medical care inflation 
Other 
Net liability for post‑employment medical care obligations at 30 June 
Expense recognised in the income statement 
Current service cost 
Finance expense 

The expense is recognised in the following line items in the income statement 
Mining and processing costs 
Finance expense 

Reconciliation of fair value of scheme liabilities 
At 1 July 
Arising on acquisition of subsidiary 
Net expense recognised in the income statement 
Net discount rate change 
Changes in % continuing at post‑employment 
Membership changes 
Medical care inflation 
Other 
Liabilities at fair market value as at 30 June 

2011 

6.7 
 6.7 

5.3 
— 
 0.8 
— 
— 
— 
— 
0.6 
 6.7 

 0.2 
 0.6 
 0.8 

 0.2 
 0.6 
 0.8 

 5.3 
— 
0.8 
— 
— 
— 
— 
 0.6 
 6.7 

2010

 5.3 
 5.3 

 2.0 
 2.5 
 0.7 
 0.1 
 (1.3)
 0.3 
 0.9 
 0.1 
 5.3 

 0.3 
 0.4 
 0.7 

 0.3 
 0.4 
 0.7 

2.0
 2.5 
 0.7 
 0.1 
 (1.3)
 0.3 
 0.9 
 0.1 
 5.3 

F
i

n
a
n
c
i
a
l

S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s

Annual Report and Accounts 2011 Petra Diamonds Limited

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Notes to the Annual Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 June 2011 Continued

34. Post‑retirement medical fund continued

Principal actuarial assumptions 
Discount rate at 30 June 
Health care cost inflation 
Future salary increases 
Net replacement ratio 
Net discount rate 
Normal retirement age (years) 
Fully accrued age (years) 

US$ million 
Determination of estimated post‑retirement  
medical fund expense for the year ended 30 June 2012 
Current service cost 
Finance expense 
Benefit payments 
Cumulative actuarial gains/(losses) 
Unfunded status 
Net change on liabilities 

US$ million 
Actuarial accrued liability 
Funded status 

2011 

6.7 

% 
  per annum 

 %

per annum

9.25% 
6.75% 
5.75% 
60.00% 
2.34% 
 60.0 
 60.0 

2011 

 0.2 
 0.6 
 (0.1) 

— 
 1.3 
 1.3 

2010 

5.2 

9.25%
6.75%
5.75%
60.00%
2.34%
 60.0 
 60.0 

2010

 0.2 
 0.5 
 (0.1)

— 
 0.7 
 0.7 

2009

2.0

Sensitivity analysis 
Health care inflation rate
The effect of a 1% increase or decrease in the health care inflation rate on the post‑retirement medical fund accrued liability is as follows:

US$ million 
Accrued liability 
% difference 

US$ million 
Accrued liability 
% difference 

 30 June 2011 
6.7 
— 

  30 June 2010 
5.3 
— 

Average retirement age
The table below shows the impact of a one year change in the expected average retirement age:

US$ million 
Accrued liability 
% difference 

US$ million 
Accrued liability 
% difference 

 30 June 2011 
6.7 
— 

  30 June 2010 
5.3 
— 

  1% increase 
7.9 
19.7% 

  1% increase 
6.4 
19.9% 

  Retirement 
one year 
earlier 
6.9 
4.5% 

Retirement 
one year 
earlier 
5.6 
5.9% 

 1% decrease
4.5
(31.8%)

  1% decrease
4.4
(15.8%)

  Retirement 
one year 
later
6.2
(6.0%)

Retirement 
one year 
later
5.0
(5.5%)

96

Petra Diamonds Limited Annual Report and Accounts 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glossary

“alluvial” 

“autogenous mill” 

 deposits  of  diamonds  which  have  been  removed  from  the 
primary source by natural erosive action over millions of years, 
and eventually deposited in a new environment such as a river 
bed, an ocean floor or a shoreline

 so-called due to the self-grinding of the ore: a rotating drum 
throws larger rocks of ore in a cascading motion which causes 
impact  breakage  of  larger  rocks  and  compressive  grinding  of 
finer particles

“BEE” 

“capex” 

black economic empowerment

capital expenditure

“carat” or “ct” 

 a measure of weight used for diamonds, equivalent to 0.2 grams

“Cpht” 

“Craton” 

carats per hundred tonnes

 a part of the Earth’s crust which has been relatively stable for 
a very long period

“ctpa” 

carats per annum

“cut-off grade” 

 the lowest grade of mineralised material considered economic 
to  extract;  used  in  the  calculation  of  the  ore  reserves  in  a 
given deposit

“diamondiferous” 

containing diamonds

“drawpoint” 

 openings on the sides of the drift going up into a block cave

“EBITDA” 

“EPS” 

“feasibility study” 

“fissure” 

“FY” 

“grade” 

 earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation

earnings per share

 a  definitive  engineering  estimate  of  all  costs,  revenues, 
equipment  requirements  and  production  levels  likely  to  be 
achieved if a mine is developed; the study is used to define the 
economic  viability  of  a  project  and  to  support  the  search  for 
project financing

 informal  term  for  a  narrow,  vertical,  vein-like  kimberlite  dyke

financial year (1 July to 30 June)

 the content of diamonds, measured in carats, within a volume 
or mass of rock

“H1” or “H2” 

first half, or second half, of the financial year

“hypabyssal rock” 

“Indicated Resource” 

“Inferred Resource” 

“kimberlite” 

 an igneous rock that originates at medium to shallow depths 
within the crust and contains intermediate grain size and often 
porphyritic texture

 that part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, densities, 
shape,  physical  characteristics,  grade  and  average  diamond 
value can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It 
is  based  on  exploration  sampling  and  testing  information 
gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such 
as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings  and  drill  holes.  The 
locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm 
geological  and/or  grade  continuity  but  are  spaced  closely 
enough for continuity to be assumed and sufficient diamonds 
have been recovered to allow a confident estimate of average 
diamond value (SAMREC Code)

 that part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, grade and 
average  diamond  value  can  be  estimated  with  a  low  level  of 
confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed 
but  not  verified  by  geological  and/or  grade  continuity  and  a 
sufficiently  large  diamond  parcel  is  not  available  to  ensure 
reasonable  representation  of  the  diamond  assortment.  It  is 
based on information gathered through appropriate techniques 
from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and 
drill  holes  that  may  be  limited  or  of  uncertain  quality  and 
reliability (SAMREC Code)

 a  brecciated  ultrabasic  igneous  rock  containing  phlogopite 
mica, bronzite pyroxene and ilmenite; kimberlites may or may 
not contain diamonds

“ kimberlite indicator   minerals  that  can  help  locate  the  presence  and  establish  the 
minerals” 

 diamond-bearing potential of kimberlite

“ktpa” 

“Mctpa” 

“Mcts” 

thousand tonnes per annum

million carats per annum

million carats

“Measured Resource” 

“Mt” 

“Mtpa” 

“open pit” 

“orebody” 

“OSP” 

“pa” 

“Probable Reserves” 

“Proved Reserves” 

 that part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, densities, 
shape,  physical  characteristics,  grade  and  average  diamond 
value  can  be  estimated  with  a  high  level  of  confidence.  It  is 
based on detailed and reliable exploration sampling and testing 
information  gathered  through  appropriate  techniques  from 
locations  such  as  outcrops,  trenches,  pits,  workings  and  drill 
holes.  The  locations  are  spaced  closely  enough  to  confirm 
geological and grade continuity and sufficient diamonds have 
been  recovered  to  allow  a  confident  estimate  of  average 
diamond value

million tonnes

million tonnes per annum

 mining  in  which  ore  that  occurs  close  to  the  Earth’s  surface 
is extracted from a pit or quarry

 a  continuous  well-defined  mass  of  material  of  sufficient  ore 
content to make extraction feasible

 optical sort plant; a plant designed to capture diamonds that 
don’t fluoresce well under X-ray (i.e. Type II diamonds)

per annum

 the economically mineable material derived from a measured 
and/or indicated diamond resource. It is estimated with a lower 
level  of  confidence  than  a  proven  reserve.  It  is  inclusive  of 
diluting materials and allows for losses that may occur when the 
material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include 
feasibility studies, have been carried out, including consideration 
of,  and  modification  by,  realistically  assumed  mining, 
metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social 
and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at 
the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified

 the economically mineable material derived from a measured 
diamond resource. It is estimated with a high level of confidence. 
It is inclusive of diluting materials and allows for losses that may 
occur  when  the  material  is  mined.  Appropriate  assessments, 
which  may  include  feasibility  studies,  have  been  carried  out, 
including  consideration  of,  and  modification  by,  realistically 
assumed  mining,  metallurgical,  economic,  marketing,  legal, 
environmental,  social  and  governmental 
factors.  These 
assessments  demonstrate  at  the  time  of  reporting  that 
extraction is reasonably justified

“rehabilitation” 

 the process of restoring mined land to a condition approximating 
to a greater or lesser degree its original state

“ROM” 

“shaft”  

“slimes” 

“stockpile” 

“tailings” 

“tailings dump” 

run-of-mine 

an underground vertical or inclined passageway

 the fine fraction of tailings discharged from a processing plant 
without  being  treated;  in  the  case  of  diamonds,  usually  that 
fraction which is less than 1mm in size

a store of unprocessed ore

material left over after processing ore

 dumps created of waste material from processed ore after the 
economically recoverable metal or mineral has been extracted

“tpa” 

“tpm” 

tonnes per annum

tonnes per month

“Type II diamonds” 

 Type  II  diamonds  are  defined  by  containing  no  detectable 
nitrogen and are often colourless or brown

Elizabeth House
PO Box 1075
9 Castle Street
St Helier 
Jersey JE4 2QP
Tel:  +44 1534 700 111
Fax:  +44 1534 700 007
Email: info@petradiamonds.com
www.petradiamonds.com