Franklin Street Properties
Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

Franklin Street Franklin Street Properties Properties Annual Report Annual Report 401 Edgewater Place Suite 200 Wakefield, MA 01880 P 800.950.6288 www.fspreit.com 20 22 20 22 Franklin Street Properties Corp. CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS Franklin Street Properties Corp. VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING INFORMATION Thursday, May 11, 2023 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time virtualshareholdersmeeting.com/FSP2023 BOARD OF DIRECTORS George J. Carter* Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Chair of the Audit Committee Member of the Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees Brian N. Hansen EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Jeffrey B. Carter President and Chief Investment Officer John G. Demeritt Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Scott H. Carter Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary John F. Donahue Executive Vice President and President of FSP Property Management LLC Chair of the Compensation Committee Eriel Anchondo Member of the Nominating and Executive Vice President and Corporate Governance Committee Chief Operating Officer NYSE American under the symbol “FSP” John N. Burke, CPA Telephone: 617.526.6000 Member of the Audit Committee 401 Edgewater Place, Suite 200 Wakefield, MA 01880 Telephone: 800.950.6288 www.fspreit.com STOCK LISTING Franklin Street Properties Corp.’s Common Stock trades on the TRANSFER AGENT American Stock Transfer and Trust Company Operations Center 6201 15th Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11219 Telephone: 800.937.5449 www.astfinancial.com OUTSIDE COUNSEL Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP 60 State Street Boston, MA 02109 INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Ernst & Young LLP 200 Clarendon Street Boston, MA 02116 Telephone: 617.266.2000 INVESTOR RELATIONS CONTACT Georgia Touma Director of Investor Relations Franklin Street Properties Corp. 401 Edgewater Place, Suite 200 Wakefield, MA 01880 Telephone: 877.686.9496 investorrelations@fspreit.com Kenneth A. Hoxsie Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Member of the Audit Committee Dennis J. McGillicuddy Georgia Murray Lead Independent Director Member of the Audit and Compensation Committees Kathryn P. O’Neil Member of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees Milton P. Wilkins, Jr. Member of the Audit Committee *Also an Executive Officer of the Company Franklin Street Properties Corp. Franklin Street Properties Corp. Franklin Street Properties Corp. (FSP) (NYSE American: FSP) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on infill and central business district (CBD) office properties in the U.S. Sunbelt and Mountain West, as well as select opportunistic markets. FSP seeks value-oriented investments with an eye towards long- term growth and appreciation. FSP’s real estate operations include property acquisitions and dispositions, leasing, development, redevelopment and asset management. As of December 31, 2022, FSP’s directly owned real estate portfolio of 21 owned properties was approximately 75.6% leased. This Annual Report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws. For more information, please refer to the discussion in the first paragraph of Part II, Item 7 in the attached Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. C O V E R P R O P E R T Y : 1 0 0 1 1 7 T H S T R E E T − D E N V E R , C O A B O V E P R O P E R T Y : 1 9 9 9 B R O A D W A Y − D E N V E R , C O Fellow Stockholders As 2023 begins, we continue to believe that the current price of our common stock does not accurately reflect the value of our underlying real estate assets. We will continue to seek to increase shareholder value by (1) pursuing the sale of select properties where we believe that short to intermediate term valuation potential has been reached and (2) striving to lease vacant space in our buildings. We intend to use proceeds from any property dispositions primarily for continued debt reduction. Our decision not to provide disposition guidance for 2023 is for competitive reasons. While we believe that the timing and pace of office property dispositions is uncertain, we do anticipate meaningful dispositions during 2023. We have several properties actively in some stage of potential disposition. We believe that liquidity in the office capital markets is currently the single most important factor to successfully completing office property dispositions, even more than price. Leasing currently vacant space in our portfolio has the potential to positively impact our future earnings. We have begun to see increased leasing activity in some of the markets and submarkets where we have vacant space. Our Denver central business district (CBD) properties and our Houston properties are two examples. In addition, across our portfolio, we have generally seen a slow but steady increase of tenant employees returning to the office. We believe that a continuation of that trend could help businesses make longer-term leasing decisions and translate into increased leasing of vacant space. We look forward to 2023 with anticipation and optimism. Thank you for your continued support. George J. Carter Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Following is the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) (cid:1409) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (cid:1407) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 001-32470 FRANKLIN STREET PROPERTIES CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 401 Edgewater Place, Suite 200, Wakefield, Massachusetts (Address of principal executive offices) 04-3578653 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 01880 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (781) 557-1300 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class: Common Stock, $.0001 par value per share Trading Symbol(s) FSP Name of each exchange on which registered: NYSE American Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  No . Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  No . Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:1409) No (cid:1407). Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes (cid:1409) No (cid:1407). Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer (cid:1407) Non-accelerated filer (cid:1407) Accelerated filer (cid:1409) Smaller reporting company (cid:1407) Emerging growth company (cid:1407) If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act (cid:1407) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. (cid:1409) If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes (cid:1407) No (cid:1409). The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates based on the closing sale price as reported on NYSE American, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2022, was approximately $407,930,587. There were 103,235,914 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding as of February 10, 2023. Documents incorporated by reference: The registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be used in connection with the registrant’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 11, 2023 (the “Proxy Statement”). The information required in response to Items 10 — 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K, other than that contained in Part I under the caption, “Information about our Executive Officers,” is hereby incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Stock Performance Graph [Reserved] Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 9C. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Item 15. Item 16 SIGNATURES 1 1 8 18 18 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 47 48 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 54 55 PART I Item 1. Business History Our company, Franklin Street Properties Corp., which we refer to as FSP Corp., the Company, we or our, is a Maryland corporation that operates in a manner intended to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “FSP”. FSP Corp. is the successor to Franklin Street Partners Limited Partnership, or the FSP Partnership, which was originally formed as a Massachusetts general partnership in January 1997 as the successor to a Massachusetts general partnership that was formed in 1981. On January 1, 2002, the FSP Partnership converted into FSP Corp., which we refer to as the conversion. As a result of this conversion, the FSP Partnership ceased to exist and we succeeded to the business of the FSP Partnership. In the conversion, each unit of both general and limited partnership interests in the FSP Partnership was converted into one share of our common stock. As a result of the conversion, we hold, directly and indirectly, 100% of the interest in three former subsidiaries of the FSP Partnership: FSP Investments LLC, FSP Property Management LLC, and FSP Holdings LLC. We operate some of our business through these subsidiaries. Our Business We are a REIT focused on commercial real estate investments primarily in office markets and currently operate in only one segment: real estate operations. The principal revenue sources for our real estate operations include rental income from real estate leasing, interest income from secured loans made on office properties, property dispositions and fee income from asset/property management and development. We invest in infill and central business district office properties in the United States sunbelt and mountain west regions as well as select opportunistic markets. We believe that the United States sunbelt and mountain west regions have macro-economic drivers that have the potential to increase occupancies and rents. We seek value-oriented investments with an eye towards long-term growth and appreciation, as well as current income. Previously we also operated in an investment banking segment, which was discontinued in December 2011. Our investment banking segment generated brokerage commissions, loan origination fees, development services and other fees related to the organization of single-purpose entities that own real estate and the private placement of equity in those entities. We refer to these entities, which are organized as corporations and operated in a manner intended to qualify as REITs, as Sponsored REITs. From time-to-time we may acquire real estate or invest in real estate by making secured loans on real estate. We may also pursue on a selective basis the sale of our properties to take advantage of the value creation and demand for our properties, or for geographic or property specific reasons. Real Estate As of December 31, 2022, we owned and operated a portfolio of real estate consisting of 21 office properties and managed one Sponsored REIT. We derive rental revenue from income paid to us by tenants of these properties. See Item 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about our properties. From time-to-time we dispose of properties generating gains or losses in an ongoing effort to improve and upgrade our portfolio. We provide asset management, property management, property accounting, investor and/or development services to our portfolio and certain of our Sponsored REITs through our subsidiaries FSP Investments LLC and FSP Property Management LLC. FSP Corp. recognizes revenue from its receipt of fee income from Sponsored REITs that have not been consolidated or acquired by us. Neither FSP Investments LLC nor FSP Property Management LLC receives any rental income. 1 As of December 31, 2022, we had one remaining secured loan to a Sponsored REIT in the form of a mortgage loan, which we refer to as the Sponsored REIT Loan. The Sponsored REIT Loan is secured by a mortgage on the underlying property and has a current term of less than one year. We anticipate that the Sponsored REIT Loan will be repaid through cash flow from property operations or sale of the underlying property, although the actual amount and timing of any repayment is uncertain and will likely depend on prevailing market conditions at the time of any such sale. Sustainability As an owner of commercial real estate, a sector with significant environmental, social and governance, or ESG, impact, we strive to maximize shareholder value through the prudent application of sound ESG strategies. Our efforts have been awarded recognition from various third party review entities, such as GRESB, ENERGY STAR and LEED. Impact of COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economies and has had and is expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. This impact could be materially adverse to the extent that the current COVID-19 pandemic, or future pandemics, cause tenants to be unable to pay their rent or reduce the demand for commercial real estate. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information. Investment Objectives Our investment objectives are to create shareholder value by increasing revenue from rental, dividend, interest and fee income and net gains from sales of properties and increase the cash available for distribution in the form of dividends to our stockholders. We expect that we will continue to derive real estate revenue from owned properties and the Sponsored REIT Loan and fees from asset management, property management and investor services. We may also acquire additional real properties. Although our property portfolio is focused on properties in the central business districts of Dallas, Denver, Houston and Minneapolis, we may acquire, and have acquired, real properties in any geographic area of the United States and of any property type. We own 21 office properties that are located in eight different states as of December 31, 2022. See Item 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about our properties. We continue to believe that the current price of our common stock does not accurately reflect the value of our underlying real estate assets and we will seek to increase shareholder value by (1) pursuing the sale of select properties where we believe that short to intermediate term valuation potential has been reached and (2) striving to lease vacant space. As a result, from time to time, as market conditions warrant, we expect to sell properties owned by us in 2023. In 2022, we sold two office properties located in Broomfield, Colorado for aggregate gross sales proceeds of $102.5 million at a gain of $24.1 million and one office property located in Evanston, Illinois for gross sale proceeds of $27.8 million at a gain of $3.9 million. In 2021, we sold 10 office properties located in four different states for aggregate gross sale proceeds of $602.7 million, at a net gain of $113.1 million. In 2020, we sold an office property located in Durham, North Carolina for gross proceeds of approximately $89.7 million, at a net gain of approximately $41.9 million. As we continue to execute on our strategy of select property dispositions and striving to lease vacant space, our revenue, Funds From Operations, and capital expenditures may decrease in the short term. Proceeds from dispositions are intended to be used primarily for the repayment of debt. In selecting real properties for acquisition by FSP Corp. and managing them after acquisition, we rely on the following principles:  we seek to buy or develop investment properties at a price which produces value for investors and avoid overpaying for real estate merely to outbid competitors; 2  we seek to buy or develop properties in excellent locations with substantial infrastructure in place around them and avoid investing in locations where the future construction of such infrastructure is speculative;  we seek to buy or develop properties that are well-constructed and designed to appeal to a broad base of users and avoid properties where quality has been sacrificed for cost savings in construction or which appeal only to a narrow group of users;  we aggressively manage, maintain and upgrade our properties and refuse to neglect or undercapitalize management, maintenance and capital improvement programs; and  we believe that we have the ability to hold properties through down cycles because we generally do not have mortgage debt on the Company, which could place the properties at risk of foreclosure. As of February 10, 2023, none of our owned properties were subject to mortgage debt. Competition With respect to our real estate investments, we face competition in each of the markets where our properties are located. In order to establish, maintain or increase the rental revenues for a property, it must be competitive on location, cost and amenities with other buildings of similar use. Some of our competitors may have significantly more resources than we do and may be able to offer more attractive rental rates or services. On the other hand, some of our competitors may be smaller or have less fixed overhead costs, less cash or other resources that make them willing or able to accept lower rents in order to maintain a certain occupancy level. In markets where there is not currently significant existing property competition, our competitors may decide to enter the market and build new buildings to compete with our existing projects or those in a development stage. Our competition is not only with other developers, but also with property users who choose to own their building or a portion of the building in the form of an office condominium. Competitive conditions are affected by larger market forces beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, which may increase competition among landlords for quality tenants, and individual decisions by tenants that are beyond our control. Governmental Regulations Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, we, as an owner or operator of real property may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances released on or in our property. Such laws may impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or caused, the release of such hazardous substances. The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell such property or to borrow using such property as collateral, and it may cause the owner of the property to incur substantial remediation costs. In addition to claims for cleanup costs, the presence of hazardous substances on a property could result in the owner incurring substantial liabilities as a result of a claim by a private party for personal injury or a claim by an adjacent property owner for property damage. All of our properties are required to comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act, or ADA, and the regulations, rules and orders that may be issued thereunder. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to persons with disabilities. Compliance with ADA requirements might require, among other things, removal of access barriers. Noncompliance with such requirements could result in the imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants. In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. Compliance with such requirements may require us to make substantial capital expenditures, which expenditures would reduce cash otherwise available for distribution to our stockholders. The provisions of the tax code governing the taxation of REITs are very technical and complex, and although we expect that we will be organized and will operate in a manner that will enable us to meet such requirements, no assurance can be given that we will always succeed in doing so. If in any taxable year we do not qualify as a REIT, we would be taxed as a corporation and distributions to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. In addition, if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, we could be disqualified from treatment as a REIT in 3 the year in which such failure occurred and for the next four taxable years and, consequently, we would be taxed as a regular corporation during such years. Failure to qualify for even one taxable year could result in a significant reduction of our cash available for distribution to our stockholders or could require us to incur indebtedness or liquidate investments in order to generate sufficient funds to pay the resulting federal income tax liabilities. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information. Human Capital We had 28 employees as of both February 10, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Women represent 46.4% of our employees, of which 38.5% hold management level/leadership roles. We endeavor to maintain a workplace that is free from discrimination or harassment on the basis of color, race, sex, national origin, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identification or expression or any other status protected by applicable law. We regularly conduct training to prevent harassment and discrimination. The Company’s basis for recruitment, hiring, development, training, compensation and advancement of employees is qualifications, performance, skills and experience. Many of our employees have a long tenure with the Company. Our employees are compensated without regard to gender, race and ethnicity, and our compensation program is designed to attract and retain talent. Available Information We make available, free of charge through our website http://www.fspreit.com our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We will voluntarily provide paper copies of our filings and code of ethics upon written request received at the address on the cover of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, free of charge. Information about our Directors The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of all our directors as of February 10, 2023. Name George J. Carter John N. Burke (1) (2) (3) (4) Brian N. Hansen (2) (3) (5) Kenneth Hoxsie (1) (3) (6) Dennis J. McGillicuddy (1) Georgia Murray (1) (2) (7) Kathryn P. O'Neil (1) (2) (3) Milton P. Wilkins, Jr. (1) Age 74 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board Position 61 Director 51 Director 72 Director 81 Director 72 Director 59 Director 75 Director (1) Member of the Audit Committee (2) Member of the Compensation Committee (3) Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (4) Chair of the Audit Committee (5) Chair of the Compensation Committee (6) Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (7) Lead Independent Director George J. Carter, age 74, is Chief Executive Officer and has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of FSP Corp. since 2002. Mr. Carter also was the President of FSP Corp. from 2002 to May 2016. Mr. Carter is responsible for all aspects of the business of FSP Corp. and its affiliates, with special emphasis on the evaluation, 4 acquisition and structuring of real estate investments. Prior to the conversion, he was President of the general partner of the FSP Partnership and was responsible for all aspects of the business of the FSP Partnership and its affiliates. From 1992 through 1996 he was President of Boston Financial Securities, Inc. (“Boston Financial”). Prior to joining Boston Financial, Mr. Carter was owner and developer of Gloucester Dry Dock, a commercial shipyard in Gloucester, Massachusetts. From 1979 to 1988, Mr. Carter served as Managing Director in charge of marketing at First Winthrop Corporation, a national real estate and investment banking firm headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Prior to that, he held a number of positions in the brokerage industry including those with Merrill Lynch & Co. and Loeb Rhodes & Co. Mr. Carter is a graduate of the University of Miami (B.S.). John N. Burke, age 61, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since 2004 and Chair of the Audit Committee since June 2004. Mr. Burke is a certified public accountant with over 35 years of experience in the practice of public accounting working with both private and publicly traded companies with extensive experience serving clients in the real estate and REIT industry. His experience includes analysis and evaluation of financial reporting, accounting systems, internal controls and audit matters. Mr. Burke has been involved as an advisor on several public offerings, private equity and debt financings and merger and acquisition transactions. Mr. Burke’s consulting experience includes a wide range of accounting, tax and business planning matters. Prior to starting his own firm, BA, Inc., in 2003, where he currently practices, Mr. Burke was an Audit Partner in the Boston office of BDO USA, LLP. Mr. Burke is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Massachusetts Society of CPAs. Mr. Burke earned an M.S. in Taxation and studied undergraduate accounting at Bentley University. Brian N. Hansen, age 51, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since 2012 and became Chair of the Compensation Committee in February 2021. Since 2007, Mr. Hansen has served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Confluence Investment Management LLC, a St. Louis based Registered Investment Advisor. Prior to founding Confluence in 2007, Mr. Hansen served as a Managing Director in A.G. Edwards’ Financial Institutions & Real Estate Investment Banking practice. While at A.G. Edwards, Mr. Hansen advised a wide variety of Real Estate Investment Trusts on numerous capital markets transactions, including public and private offerings of debt and equity securities as well as the analysis of various merger & acquisition opportunities. Prior to joining A.G. Edwards, Mr. Hansen served as a Manager in Arthur Andersen LLP’s Audit & Business Advisory practice. Mr. Hansen has served on the boards of a number of non-profit entities and currently serves on the Finance Council and as the Investment Committee Chair of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and as a member of the St. Louis County Retirement Board. Mr. Hansen earned his M.B.A. from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and his Bachelor of Science in Commerce from DePaul University. Mr. Hansen is a Certified Public Accountant. Kenneth A. Hoxsie, age 72, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since January 2016 and became Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in February 2021. Mr. Hoxsie was a Partner at the international law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (“WilmerHale”) until his retirement in December 2015. He joined Hale and Dorr (the predecessor of WilmerHale) in 1981, subsequently worked at Copley Real Estate Advisors, an institutional real estate investment advisory firm, and rejoined Hale and Dorr in 1994. Mr. Hoxsie has over 30 years’ experience in real estate capital markets transactions, fund formation, public company counseling and mergers and acquisitions and has advised the Company since its formation in 1997. Mr. Hoxsie earned his J.D. (Cum Laude) from Harvard Law School, his M.A. from Harvard University and his B.A. (Summa Cum Laude) from Amherst College, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Dennis J. McGillicuddy, age 81, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since May 2002. Mr. McGillicuddy graduated from the University of Florida with a B.A. degree and from the University of Florida Law School with a J.D. degree. In 1968, Mr. McGillicuddy joined Barry Silverstein in founding Coaxial Communications, a cable television company. In 1998 and 1999, Coaxial sold its cable systems. Mr. McGillicuddy has served on the boards of various charitable organizations. He is currently President of the Board of Trustees of Florida Studio Theater, a professional non- profit theater organization, and is a Director of All-Star Children’s Foundation, an organization engaged in creating a new paradigm for foster care. Georgia Murray, age 72, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since April 2005 and Lead Independent Director since February 2014. Ms. Murray is retired from Lend Lease Real Estate Investments, Inc., where she served as a Principal from November 1999 until May 2000. From 1973 through October 1999, Ms. Murray worked at The Boston 5 Financial Group, Inc., serving as Senior Vice President and a Director at times during her tenure. Boston Financial was an affiliate of the Boston Financial Group, Inc. She is a past Trustee of the Urban Land Institute and a past President of the Multifamily Housing Institute. Ms. Murray previously served on the Board of Directors of Capital Crossing Bank. She also serves on the boards of numerous non-profit entities. Ms. Murray is a graduate of Newton College. Kathryn P. O’Neil, age 59, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since January 2016. Ms. O’Neil was a Director at Bain Capital in the Investor Relations area where she focused on Private Equity and had oversight of the Investment Advisory sector from 2011 until her retirement in 2014. From 1999 to 2007, Ms. O’Neil was a Partner at FLAG Capital Management LLC, a manager of fund-of-funds investment vehicles in private equity, venture capital, real estate and natural resources. Previously, Ms. O’Neil was an Investment Consultant at Cambridge Associates where she specialized in Alternative Assets. Ms. O’Neil currently serves on a variety of non-profit boards, including the Peabody Essex Museum where she is a Trustee and a member of the Finance and Investment Committees, Horizon’s for Homeless Children where she is a Director and serves on the Executive and Finance Committees, and the Trustees of Reservations where she serves on the President’s Council and was a member of the Investment Committee from 2006 to 2020. Ms. O’Neil is a Trustee Emeritus of Colby College and a former member of the Board of Overseers of the Boston Museum of Science. Ms. O’Neil holds a B.A. (Summa Cum Laude) and M.A. (Honorary) from Colby College where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Ms. O’Neil received her M.B.A. from The Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. Milton P. Wilkins, Jr., age 75, has been a Director of FSP Corp. since February 2022. Mr. Wilkins has served as an investment advisor with RBF Wealth Advisors in St. Louis, Missouri, since 1997. Concurrently, from 2003 to 2015, Mr. Wilkins served with Hammond Associates/Mercer Investment Consulting as an institutional investment consultant. From 1976 to 1986 and from 1989 to 1997, Mr. Wilkins served in various positions at Monsanto Corporation, including as Vice President of Corporate Development in the corporate mergers and acquisition group. Mr. Wilkins currently serves as Chairman of the St. Louis County Employees Retirement Board (pension plan), a member of the Investment Committee of the Archdiocese of St. Louis, and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Nine PBS public television station in St. Louis. Mr. Wilkins holds a M.B.A. degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Morehouse College. Information about our Executive Officers The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of all our executive officers as of February 10, 2023. Name George J. Carter (1) Jeffrey B. Carter Scott H. Carter John G. Demeritt John F. Donahue Eriel Anchondo Age Position 74 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board 51 President and Chief Investment Officer 51 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary 62 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 56 Executive Vice President 45 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (1) Information about George J. Carter is set forth above. See “Directors of FSP Corp.” Jeffrey B. Carter, age 51, is President and Chief Investment Officer of FSP Corp. Mr. Carter served as Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer from February 2012 until May 2016, when he was appointed as President in addition to his position as Chief Investment Officer. Previously, Mr. Carter served as Senior Vice President and Director of Acquisitions of FSP Corp. from 2005 to 2012 and as Vice President - Acquisitions from 2003 to 2005. Mr. Carter oversees the day-to-day execution of the Company’s strategic objectives and business plan. In addition, Mr. Carter is primarily responsible for developing and implementing the Company’s investment strategy, including coordination of acquisitions and dispositions. Prior to joining FSP Corp., Mr. Carter worked in Trust Administration for Northern Trust Bank in Miami, Florida. Mr. Carter is a graduate of Arizona State University (B.A.), The George Washington University (M.A.) and Cornell University (M.B.A.). Mr. Carter’s father, George J. Carter, serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of FSP Corp. and Mr. Carter’s brother, Scott H. Carter, serves as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of FSP Corp. 6 Scott H. Carter, age 51, is Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of FSP Corp. Mr. Carter has served as General Counsel since February 2008. Mr. Carter joined FSP Corp. in October 2005 as Senior Vice President and In-house Counsel. Mr. Carter is primarily responsible for the management of all of the legal affairs of FSP Corp. and its affiliates. Prior to joining FSP Corp. in October 2005, Mr. Carter was associated with the law firm of Nixon Peabody LLP, which he originally joined in 1999. At Nixon Peabody LLP, Mr. Carter concentrated his practice on the areas of real estate syndication, acquisitions and finance. Mr. Carter received a Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A.) degree in Finance and Marketing and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from the University of Miami. Mr. Carter is admitted to practice law in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Mr. Carter’s father, George J. Carter, serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of FSP Corp. and Mr. Carter’s brother, Jeffrey B. Carter, serves as President and Chief Investment Officer of FSP Corp. John G. Demeritt, age 62, is Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of FSP Corp. and has been Chief Financial Officer since March 2005. Mr. Demeritt previously served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Principal Accounting Officer from September 2004 to March 2005. Prior to September 2004, Mr. Demeritt was a Manager with Caturano & Company, an independent accounting firm (which later merged with McGladrey) where he focused on Sarbanes Oxley compliance. Previously, from March 2002 to March 2004 he provided consulting services to public and private companies where he focused on SEC filings, evaluation of business processes and acquisition integration. During 2001 and 2002 he was Vice President of Financial Planning & Analysis at Cabot Industrial Trust, a publicly traded real estate investment trust, which was acquired by CalWest in December 2001. From October 1995 to December 2000 he was Controller and Officer of The Meditrust Companies, a publicly traded real estate investment trust (formerly known as The La Quinta Companies, which was then acquired by the Blackstone Group), where he was involved with a number of merger and financing transactions. Prior to that, from 1986 to 1995 he had financial and accounting responsibilities at three other public companies, and was previously associated with Laventhol & Horwath, an independent accounting firm from 1983 to 1986. Mr. Demeritt is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Babson College. John F. Donahue, age 56, is Executive Vice President of FSP Corp. and President of FSP Property Management LLC and has held those positions since May 2016. Mr. Donahue is primarily responsible for the oversight of the management of all of the real estate assets of FSP Corp. and its affiliates. Mr. Donahue joined FSP Corp. in August 2001 as Vice President of FSP Property Management LLC. From 2001 to May 2016, Mr. Donahue was responsible for the management of real estate assets of FSP Corp. and its affiliates. From 1992 to 2001, Mr. Donahue worked in the pension fund advisory business for GE Capital and AEW Capital Management with oversight of office, research and development, industrial and land investments. From 1989 to 1992, Mr. Donahue worked for Krupp Realty in various accounting and finance roles. Mr. Donahue holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration degree from Bryant College. Eriel Anchondo, age 45, is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of FSP Corp. and has held those positions since May 2016. Mr. Anchondo joined FSP Corp. in 2015 as Senior Vice President of Operations. Mr. Anchondo is responsible for ensuring that the Company has the proper operational controls, administrative and reporting procedures, and people systems and infrastructure in place to effectively grow the organization and maintain financial strength and operating efficiency. Prior to joining FSP Corp., from July 2014 to December 2014, Mr. Anchondo provided consulting services to the retail banking division of ISBAN, which is part of the Technology and Operations division of the Santander Group of financial institutions. From May 2007 to July 2013, Mr. Anchondo was employed by Mercer, a global consulting leader in talent, health, retirement, and investments, as an Employee Education Manager across all lines of Mercer’s business. From May 2005 to May 2007, Mr. Anchondo was a Communications Consultant at New York Life Investment Management. From December 2002 to May 2005, Mr. Anchondo worked in the Preferred Client Services Group at Putnam Investments. Mr. Anchondo is a graduate of Boston University (B.A.) and Cornell University (M.B.A.). Each of the above executive officers has been a full-time employee of FSP Corp. for the past five fiscal years. 7 Item 1A. Risk Factors The following material factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and presented elsewhere by management from time-to-time. Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economies and has had and is expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. This impact could be materially adverse to the extent that the current COVID-19 pandemic, or future pandemics, cause tenants to be unable to pay their rent or reduce the demand for commercial real estate, or cause other impacts described below. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. Any ongoing negative economic impacts arising from the pandemic or any prolongation or worsening of the pandemic, including as a result of additional waves or variants of the COVID-19 disease, or the emergence of another future pandemic, could adversely affect us and/or our tenants due to, among other factors:      the unavailability of personnel, including our executive officers and other leaders that are part of our management team, and the inability to recruit, attract and retain skilled personnel; difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all-a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affect our and our tenants' ability to access capital necessary to fund business operations or replace or renew maturing liabilities on a timely basis on attractive terms, and may adversely affect the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, any of which could affect our ability to meet liquidity and capital expenditure requirements or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; delays in the supply of products or services from the vendors that are needed to operate effectively, including without limitation, the ability to complete construction on time and on budget; a reduction in demand for oil as a result of decreased economic activity which, if sustained, could have an adverse impact on occupancy and rental rates in the markets where we own properties, including energy-influenced markets such as Dallas, Denver and Houston, where we have a significant concentration of properties; and tenants’ inability to pay rent on their leases or our inability to re-lease space that is or becomes vacant, which inability, if extreme, could cause us to: (i) no longer be able to maintain the payment of dividends in order to preserve liquidity and (ii) be unable to meet our debt obligations to lenders, and/or be unable to meet debt covenants, either of which could trigger a default or defaults and cause us to have to sell properties or refinance debt on unattractive terms. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our properties and operating results and will continue to do so to the extent it reduces occupancy, increases the cost of operation, results in decreased rental receipts or results in increased borrowings. Some of our existing tenants and potential tenants operate in businesses and industries that continue to be adversely affected by the disruption to business caused by this pandemic. Some of our existing tenants and potential tenants have elected to, or been required to, and may in the future elect to, or be required to, reduce or suspend operations for extended periods of time, including as a result of work-from-home policies. Some of our tenants have requested rent 8 concessions and more tenants may request rent concessions or may not pay rent in the future. These situations could lead to increased rent delinquencies and/or defaults under leases, a lower demand for rentable space leading to increased concessions or lower occupancy, increased tenant improvement capital expenditures, or reduced rental rates to maintain occupancies. For example, on December 21, 2020, the parent company of a tenant that leases approximately 130,000 square feet filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, resulting in a writeoff charge of $3.1 million. Our operations could be materially negatively affected if the economic downturn is prolonged, which could adversely affect our operating results, our ability to pay dividends, our ability to repay or refinance our existing indebtedness, and the price of our common stock. The full extent of the impact and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our future financial performance, as a whole, and, specifically, on our real estate property holdings, are uncertain at this time. The impact will depend on future developments that are generally beyond our knowledge or control, including the severity and containment of certain COVID-19 variants and the continued duration and severity of the pandemic COVID-19 and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in these and other areas, present uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the price of our common stock. Risks Related to our Indebtedness If our one remaining Sponsored REIT defaults on its Sponsored REIT Loan, we may be required to request additional draws, keep balances outstanding on our existing debt, exercise any maturity date extension rights, seek new debt or use our cash balance to repay our existing debt, which may reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders or for other corporate purposes. We have one remaining secured loan to a Sponsored REIT in the form of a mortgage loan, which we refer to as the Sponsored REIT Loan. We anticipate that the Sponsored REIT Loan will be repaid through cash flow from property operations or sale of the underlying property, although the actual amount and timing of any repayment is uncertain and will likely depend on prevailing market conditions at the time of any such sale. If the Sponsored REIT defaults on the Sponsored REIT Loan, the Sponsored REIT could be unable to fully repay the Sponsored REIT Loan and we may have to satisfy our obligations under our existing debt through other means, including without limitation, to the extent permitted, requesting additional draws, keeping balances outstanding, exercising any maturity date extension rights, seeking new debt, and/or using our cash balance. If that happens, we may have less cash available for distribution to our stockholders or for other corporate purposes. Our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected if we are unable to refinance the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes (each as defined in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) upon their respective maturities, or that any such refinancings would be on terms as favorable as the terms of the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes, or the Series B Notes, or that we will be able to otherwise obtain funds by selling assets or raising equity to make required payments on the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes. If we are unable to refinance the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes at maturity or meet our payment obligations, the amount of our distributable cash flow and our financial condition would be adversely affected. Failure to comply with covenants in the documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes could adversely affect our financial condition. The documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes and the Series B Notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including some or all of the following: limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers and acquisitions, disposition of assets, changes in business, certain restricted payments, use of proceeds, the amount of cash and cash equivalents that we can have on our balance sheet after giving effect to an advance, repurchases and redemptions of our common stock, going concern qualifications to our financial 9 statements, and the requirement to have subsidiaries provide a guaranty in the event that they incur recourse indebtedness and transactions with affiliates. In addition, subject to certain tax-related exceptions, the documents evidencing the BofA Revolver and the BMO Term Loan restrict our ability to make quarterly dividend distributions that exceed $0.01 per share of our common stock. The documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes and the Series B Notes contain some or all of the following financial covenants: minimum tangible net worth; maximum leverage ratio; maximum secured leverage ratio; maximum secured recourse leverage ratio; minimum fixed charge coverage ratio; maximum unencumbered leverage ratio; and minimum unsecured interest coverage. Our continued ability to borrow under the BofA Revolver and our continued general compliance with the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes and the Series B Notes is subject to ongoing compliance with our financial and other covenants. Failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default under the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes, and we may then be required to repay them with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. We may continue to borrow under the BofA Revolver for permitted investments and for working capital and other general business purposes, including for building improvements, tenant improvements and leasing commissions, all to the extent permitted under the applicable documents. If we breach covenants in the documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes, the lenders can declare a default. A default under documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes, or the Series B Notes could result in difficulty financing growth in our business and could also result in a reduction in the cash available for distribution to our stockholders or for other corporate purposes. A default under documents evidencing the BofA Revolver, the BMO Term Loan, the Series A Notes or the Series B Notes could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets. As of December 31, 2022 and February 10, 2023, we had $48 million and $105 million, respectively, of borrowings under the BofA Revolver, including a borrowing of $40 million used to repay a portion of the BMO Term Loan on February 10, 2023. Borrowings under the BofA Revolver, which may not exceed $150 million (subject to future reductions to $125 million on October 1, 2023 and to $100 million on April 1, 2024) outstanding at any time, bear interest at variable rates based on a spread over SOFR, from which we may incur additional indebtedness in the future. As of December 31, 2022 and February 10, 2023, we had $165 million and $125 million, respectively, outstanding under the BMO Term Loan. The BMO Term Loan consists of a $165 million tranche B term loan, $40 million of which was repaid on February 10, 2023. On or before April 1, 2024, we are required to repay an additional $25 million of the BMO Term Loan. Effective February 10, 2023, interest on the BMO Term Loan became variable based on a spread over SOFR. Previously, interest on the BMO Term Loan was variable based on a spread over LIBOR. On August 26, 2013, we fixed the base LIBOR rate on the BMO Term Loan at 2.32% per annum until August 26, 2020 by entering into an interest rate swap agreement. On February 20, 2019, we fixed the base LIBOR rate on the BMO Term Loan at 2.39% per annum for the period beginning August 26, 2020 and ending on January 31, 2024, by entering into interest rate swap agreements. On February 8, 2023, we terminated all remaining interest rate swaps applicable to the BMO Term Loan and, on February 10, 2023, we received an aggregate of approximately $4.3 million as a result of such terminations. During 2022 and as of February 10, 2023, the Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate target several times, most recently by 25 basis points on February 1, 2023, to a range of 4.50% to 4.75% and indicated that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. We expect that there will be additional increases in the Federal Reserve benchmark rate. If interest rates continue to increase, then the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt will also increase, which could adversely affect our cash flow, our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to stockholders. In addition, rising interest rates could limit our ability to incur new debt or to refinance existing debt when it matures. From time to time, we may enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risks that the other parties to the agreements will not 10 perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges. In addition, increases in interest rates could decrease the amount third parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions, to incur new debt or refinance existing debt when it matures. Downgrades in our credit ratings could reduce our access to funding sources in the credit and capital markets. We are currently assigned a corporate credit rating from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) based on its evaluation of our creditworthiness. Although our corporate credit rating from Moody’s is currently below investment grade, there can be no assurance that we will not be further downgraded. Credit rating reductions or other negative actions by one or more rating agencies could adversely affect our access to funding sources, the cost and other terms of obtaining funding as well as our overall financial condition, operating results and cash flow. Risks Related to our Operations and Properties Economic conditions in the United States could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition. The economic outlook in the United States is uncertain and facing recessionary concerns, including as a result of the ongoing effects of negative gross domestic product growth, the COVID-19 pandemic, rising inflation, increasing interest rates, supply chain disruptions and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Because economic conditions in the United States may affect the demand for office space, real estate values, occupancy levels and property income, current and future economic conditions in the United States, including slower growth, stock market volatility or recession fears, could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition. Economic conditions may be affected by numerous other factors, including but not limited to, inflation, increases in the levels of unemployment, energy prices, changes in currency exchange rates, uncertainty about government fiscal and tax policy, geopolitical events, the regulatory environment and the availability of credit. As of the date of this report, the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased interest rates continue to adversely affect the demand for office space. Future economic factors also may negatively affect the demand for office space, real estate values, occupancy levels and property income. If we are not able to collect sufficient rents from each of our owned real properties or collect interest on the Sponsored REIT Loan, we may suffer significant operating losses or a reduction in cash available for future dividends. A substantial portion of our revenue is generated by the rental income of our real properties and the Sponsored REIT Loan. If our properties do not provide us with a steady rental income or we do not collect interest income from the Sponsored REIT Loan, our revenues will decrease, which may cause us to incur operating losses in the future and reduce the cash available for distribution to our stockholders. We may not be able to dispose of properties on acceptable terms or within the time periods we anticipate pursuant to our disposition strategy. We have adopted a strategy seeking to increase shareholder value by pursuing the sale of select properties where we believe that short to intermediate term valuation potential has been reached and striving to lease vacant space. As we execute this strategy, our revenue, Funds From Operations, and capital expenditures may decrease in the short term. Proceeds from dispositions are intended to be used primarily for the repayment of debt. We may not be able to dispose of properties at acceptable prices or otherwise on anticipated terms and conditions within the time periods contemplated by our disposition strategy, which would adversely affect our ability to use the proceeds as intended and impair our financial flexibility. 11 We are dependent on key personnel. We depend on the efforts of George J. Carter, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors; Jeffrey B. Carter, our President and Chief Investment Officer; Scott H. Carter, our General Counsel, Secretary and an Executive Vice President; John G. Demeritt, our Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and an Executive Vice President; John F. Donahue, our President of FSP Property Management LLC and an Executive Vice President; and Eriel Anchondo, our Chief Operating Officer and an Executive Vice President. If any of our executive officers were to resign, our operations could be adversely affected. We do not have employment agreements with any of our executive officers. We face risks from tenant defaults or bankruptcies. If any of our tenants defaults on its lease, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as a landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. In addition, at any time, a tenant of one of our properties may seek the protection of bankruptcy laws, which could result in the rejection and termination of such tenant’s lease and thereby cause a reduction in cash available for distribution to our stockholders. For example, on December 21, 2020, the parent company of a tenant that leases approximately 130,000 square feet filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, resulting in a write-off charge of $3.1 million. New acquisitions may fail to perform as expected. We may fund acquisitions of new properties, if any, with cash, by assuming existing indebtedness, by entering into new indebtedness, by issuing debt securities, by issuing shares of our stock or by other means. Our acquisition activities are subject to the following risks:   acquired properties may fail to perform as expected; the actual costs of repositioning, redeveloping or maintaining acquired properties may be greater than our estimates; and  we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions into our existing operations, and this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We face risks in owning, developing, redeveloping and operating real property. An investment in us is subject to the risks incidental to the ownership, development, redevelopment and operation of real estate-related assets. These risks include the fact that real estate investments are generally illiquid, which may affect our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions, as well as the risks normally associated with:       changes in general and local economic conditions; the supply or demand for particular types of properties in particular markets; changes in market rental rates; the impact of environmental protection laws; changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws; and the impact of obligations and restrictions contained in title-related documents. Certain significant costs, such as real estate taxes, utilities, insurance and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced even when a property’s rental income is reduced. In addition, environmental and tax laws, interest rate levels, the availability of financing and other factors may affect real estate values and property income. Furthermore, the supply of commercial space fluctuates with market conditions. We may encounter significant delays in reletting vacant space, resulting in losses of income. When leases expire, we may incur expenses and may not be able to re-lease the space on the same terms. While we cannot predict when existing vacant space in properties will be leased, if existing tenants with expiring leases will renew their leases or what the terms and conditions of the lease renewals will be, we expect to renew or sign new leases 12 at current market rates for locations in which the buildings are located, which in some cases may be below the expiring rates. Certain leases provide tenants the right to terminate early if they pay a fee. If we are unable to re-lease space promptly, if the terms are significantly less favorable than anticipated or if the costs are higher, we may have to reduce distributions to our stockholders. Typical lease terms range from five to ten years, so up to approximately 20% of our rental revenue from commercial properties could be expected to expire each year. We face risks of tenant-type concentration. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 17%, 14% and 11% of our tenants as a percentage of the total rentable square feet operated in the energy services industry, the information technology and computer services industry and the non-legal professional services industry, respectively. An economic downturn in these or any industry in which a high concentration of our tenants operate or in which a significant number of our tenants currently or may in the future operate, could negatively impact the financial condition of such tenants and cause them to fail to make timely rental payments or default on lease obligations, fail to renew their leases or renew their leases on terms less favorable to us, become bankrupt or insolvent, or otherwise become unable to satisfy their obligations to us, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We face risks from geographic concentration. The properties in our portfolio as of December 31, 2022, by aggregate square footage, are distributed geographically as follows: South — 44.8%, West — 34.4.%, Midwest — 15.0% and East — 5.8%. However, within certain of those regions, we hold a larger concentration of our properties in Denver, Colorado — 34.4%, Dallas, Texas — 19.7%, Houston, Texas — 19.1% and Minneapolis, Minnesota — 12.1%. We are likely to face risks to the extent that any of these areas in which we hold a larger concentration of our properties suffer deteriorating economic conditions. As the Dallas, Denver and Houston metropolitan areas have a significant presence in the energy sector, a prolonged period of low oil or natural gas prices, or other factors negatively impacting the energy industry, could have an adverse impact on our ability to maintain the occupancy of our properties in those areas or could cause us to lease space at rates below current in-place rents, or at rates below the rates we have leased space in those areas in the prior year. In addition, factors negatively impacting the energy industry could reduce the market values of our properties in those areas, which could reduce our net asset value and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, or cause a decline in the value of our common stock. We compete with national, regional and local real estate operators and developers, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Competition exists in every market in which our properties are currently located and in every market in which properties we may acquire in the future will be located. We compete with, among others, national, regional and numerous local real estate operators and developers. Such competition may adversely affect the percentage of leased space and the rental revenues of our properties, which could adversely affect our cash flow from operations and our ability to make expected distributions to our stockholders. Some of our competitors may have more resources than we do or other competitive advantages. Competition may be accelerated by any increase in availability of funds for investment in real estate. For example, decreases in interest rates tend to increase the availability of funds and therefore can increase competition. To the extent that our properties continue to operate profitably, this will likely stimulate new development of competing properties. The extent to which we are affected by competition will depend in significant part on both local market conditions and national and global economic conditions. We face possible risks associated with the physical effects of climate change. The physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. For example, climate change could increase utility and other costs of operating our properties, including increased costs for energy, water, insurance, regulatory compliance and other supply chain materials, which if not offset by rising rental income and/or paid by tenants, could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations and business. We are also subject to climate change induced severe storm hazards, which to the extent not covered by 13 insurance, could result in significant capital expenditures. Over time, the physical effects of climate change could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or our inability to operate the buildings at all. Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which could cause our business and reputation to suffer. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data concerning investors in the Sponsored REIT, tenants and vendors. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of our information technology systems and the data maintained in those systems, such systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, computer viruses or ransomware, or breaches due to employee error, malfeasance, impersonation of authorized users or other disruptions. Any such breach or attack could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and continuously become more sophisticated, often are not recognized until launched against a target and may be difficult to detect for a long time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive or detective measures. Any unauthorized access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in significant financial exposure, including significant costs to remediate possible injury to the affected parties. We may also be subject to sanctions and civil or criminal penalties if we are found to be in violation of the privacy or security rules under laws protecting confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper functionality and security of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Actual or threatened terrorist attacks may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties. We have significant investments in markets that may be the targets of actual or threatened terrorism attacks in the future. As a result, some tenants in these markets may choose to relocate their businesses to other markets or to lower-profile office buildings within these markets that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity. This could result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space in these markets generally or in our properties in particular, which could increase vacancies in our properties or necessitate that we lease our properties on less favorable terms or both. In addition, future terrorist attacks in these markets could directly or indirectly damage our properties, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties could decline materially. See also “We may lose capital investment or anticipated profits if an uninsured event occurs.” We may lose capital investment or anticipated profits if an uninsured event occurs. We carry, or our tenants carry, comprehensive liability, fire and extended coverage with respect to each of our properties, with policy specification and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties. There are, however, certain types of losses that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should an uninsured material loss occur, we could lose both capital invested in the property and anticipated profits. Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters We are subject to possible liability relating to environmental matters, and we cannot assure you that we have identified all possible liabilities. Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, we, as an owner or operator of real property may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances released on or in our property. Such laws may impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or caused, the release of such hazardous substances. The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell such property or to borrow using such property as collateral, and it may cause the owner of the property to incur substantial remediation costs. In addition to claims for cleanup costs, the presence of hazardous 14 substances on a property could result in the owner incurring substantial liabilities as a result of a claim by a private party for personal injury or a claim by an adjacent property owner for property damage. In addition, we cannot assure you that:     future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability; the current environmental conditions of our properties will not be affected by the condition of properties in the vicinity of such properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties unrelated to us; tenants will not violate their leases by introducing hazardous or toxic substances into our properties that could expose us to liability under federal or state environmental laws; or environmental conditions, such as the growth of bacteria and toxic mold in heating and ventilation systems or on walls, will not occur at our properties and pose a threat to human health. We are subject to compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act and fire and safety regulations, any of which could require us to make significant capital expenditures. All of our properties are required to comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act, or ADA, and the regulations, rules and orders that may be issued thereunder. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to persons with disabilities. Compliance with ADA requirements might require, among other things, removal of access barriers. Noncompliance with such requirements could result in the imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants. In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. Compliance with such requirements may require us to make substantial capital expenditures, which expenditures would reduce cash otherwise available for distribution to our stockholders. We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury, or OFAC, maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned, which we refer to as Prohibited Persons. OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons, or collectively, the “OFAC Requirements”. Our current leases and certain other agreements require the other party to comply with the OFAC Requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list, we may be required by the OFAC Requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful. Risks Related to our Common Stock Our level of dividends may fluctuate. Because our real estate occupancy levels, rental rates and property disposition levels can fluctuate, there is no predictable recurring level of revenue from such activities and changes in interest rates or in the mix of our fixed and variable rate debt can cause our interest costs to fluctuate. As a result of these fluctuations, the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders may fluctuate, which may result in our not being able to maintain or grow dividend levels, including special dividends, in the future. In 2022, we adopted a variable quarterly dividend policy, which replaced our previous regularly quarterly dividend policy. Under this new dividend policy, our Board of Directors will determine quarterly dividends based upon a variety of factors, including our estimates of our annual taxable income and the amount that we are required to distribute annually in the aggregate to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, in 2023, amendments to our BofA Revolver and our BMO Term Loan included 15 restrictions on our ability to make quarterly dividend distributions that exceed $0.01 per share of our common stock; provided, however, that notwithstanding such restrictions, we are permitted to make dividend distributions based on our good faith estimate of projected or estimated taxable income or otherwise as necessary to retain our status as a REIT, to meet the distribution requirements of Section 857 of the Internal Revenue Code or to eliminate any income or excise taxes to which we would otherwise be subject. The real properties held by us may significantly decrease in value. As of December 31, 2022, we owned 21 properties. Some or all of these properties may decline in value. To the extent our real properties decline in value, our stockholders could lose some or all of the value of their investments. The value of our common stock may be adversely affected if the real properties held by us decline in value since these real properties represent the majority of the tangible assets held by us. Moreover, if we are forced to sell or lease the real property held by us below its initial purchase price or its carrying costs, respectively, or if we are forced to lease real property at below market rates because of the condition of the property or general economic or local market conditions, our results of operations would be adversely affected and such negative results of operations may result in lower dividends being paid to holders of our common stock. Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current stockholders. The interests of our existing stockholders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities to finance future acquisitions, repay indebtedness or to fund other general corporate purposes. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing. The price of our common stock may vary. The market prices for our common stock may fluctuate with changes in market and economic conditions, including the market perception of real estate investment trusts, or REITs, in general, and changes in our financial condition and results of operations. Such fluctuations may depress the market price of our common stock independent of the financial performance of FSP Corp. The market conditions for REIT stocks generally could affect the market price of our common stock. Risks Related to our Organization and Structure Our employee retention plan may prevent changes in control. During February 2006, our Board of Directors approved a change in control plan, which included a form of retention agreement and discretionary payment plan. Payments under the discretionary plan are capped at 1% of the market capitalization of FSP Corp. as reduced by the amount paid under the retention plan. The costs associated with these two components of the plan may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us and may thereby inhibit a change in control under circumstances that could otherwise give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a greater premium over the then-prevailing market prices. We would incur adverse tax consequences if we failed to qualify as a REIT. The provisions of the tax code governing the taxation of REITs are very technical and complex, and although we expect that we will be organized and will operate in a manner that will enable us to meet such requirements, no assurance can be given that we will always succeed in doing so. In addition, as a result of our past acquisition of certain Sponsored REITs by merger, which we refer to as target REITs, we might no longer qualify as a REIT. We could lose our ability to so qualify for a variety of reasons relating to the nature of the assets acquired from the target REITs, the identity of the stockholders of the target REITs who become our stockholders or the failure of one or more of the target REITs to have previously qualified as a REIT. Moreover, if one or more of the target REITs that we acquired in May 2008, April 2006, April 2005 or June 2003 did not qualify as a REIT immediately prior to the consummation of its acquisition, we could be disqualified as a REIT as a result of such acquisition. 16 If in any taxable year we do not qualify as a REIT, we would be taxed as a corporation and distributions to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. In addition, if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, we could be disqualified from treatment as a REIT in the year in which such failure occurred and for the next four taxable years and, consequently, we would be taxed as a regular corporation during such years. Failure to qualify for even one taxable year could result in a significant reduction of our cash available for distribution to our stockholders or could require us to incur indebtedness or liquidate investments in order to generate sufficient funds to pay the resulting federal income tax liabilities. Provisions in our organizational documents may prevent changes in control. Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions, described below, which may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us and may thereby inhibit a change of control under circumstances that could otherwise give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market prices. Ownership Limits. In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, the holders of our common stock may be limited to owning, either directly or under applicable attribution rules of the Internal Revenue Code, no more than 9.8% of the lesser of the value or the number of our equity shares, and no holder of common stock may acquire or transfer shares that would result in our shares of common stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons. Such ownership limit may have the effect of preventing an acquisition of control of us without the approval of our board of directors. Our Articles of Incorporation give our board of directors the right to refuse to give effect to the acquisition or transfer of shares by a stockholder in violation of these provisions. Preferred Stock. Our Articles of Incorporation authorize our board of directors to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.0001 per share, and to establish the preferences and rights of any such shares issued. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control even if a change in control may be in our stockholders’ best interest. Increase of Authorized Stock. Our board of directors, without any vote or consent of the stockholders, may increase the number of authorized shares of any class or series of stock or the aggregate number of authorized shares we have authority to issue. The ability to increase the number of authorized shares and issue such shares could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control even if a change in control may be in our stockholders’ best interest. Amendment of Bylaws. Our board of directors has the power to amend our Bylaws. This power could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control even if a change in control may be in our stockholders’ best interests. Stockholder Meetings. Our Bylaws require advance notice for stockholder proposals to be considered at annual and special meetings of stockholders and for stockholder nominations for election of directors at annual and special meetings of stockholders. The advance notice provisions require a proponent to provide us with detailed information about the proponent and/or nominee. Our Bylaws also provide that stockholders entitled to cast more than 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting must join in a request by stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders and that a specific process for the meeting request must be followed. These provisions could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control even if a change in control may be in the best interests of our stockholders. Supermajority Votes Required. Our Articles of Incorporation require the affirmative vote of the holders of no less than 80% of the shares of capital stock outstanding and entitled to vote in order (i) to amend the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation relating to the removal of directors, limitation of liability of officers and directors or indemnification of officers and directors or (ii) to amend our Articles of Incorporation to impose cumulative voting in the election of directors. These provisions could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control even if a change in control may be in our stockholders’ best interest. 17 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties Set forth below is information regarding our properties as of December 31, 2022: Property Location Office 600 Forest Point Circle Charlotte, NC 28273 50 Northwest Point Rd. Elk Grove Village, IL 60005 16285 Park Ten Place Houston, TX 77084 15601 Dallas Parkway Addison, TX 75001 Date of Purchase (1) Approx. Square Feet Percent Leased as of 12/31/22 Approx. Number of Tenants Major Tenants (2) 7/8/99 64,198 78.4 % 2 Willis Towers Watson Southeast Inc. Flexential Corp. 12/5/01 177,095 100.0 % 2 Citicorp Credit Services, Inc. 6/27/02 157,609 78.1 % NCS Pearson, Inc. 8 Blade Energy Partners, Ltd. Ranger Oil Corporation 9/30/02 289,333 83.0 % 14 Cyxtera Management Inc. WDT Acquisition Corporation Aerotek, Inc. CarOffer, LLC 1500 & 1600 N. Greenville Ave. Richardson, TX 75081 3/3/03 300,887 96.1 % 8 ARGO Data Resource Corp. EMC Corporation Id Software, LLC 5600, 5620 & 5640 Cox Road Glen Allen, VA 23060 7/16/03 298,183 47.8 % 4 ChemTreat, Inc. General Electric Company 5505 Blue Lagoon Drive Miami, FL 33126 1293 Eldridge Parkway Houston, TX 77077 6550 & 6560 Greenwood Plaza Englewood, CO 80111 16290 Katy Freeway Houston, TX 77094 5055 & 5057 Keller Springs Rd. Addison, TX 75001 121 South Eighth Street Minneapolis, MN 55402 11/6/03 213,182 98.5 % 2 Lennar Homes, LLC Unique Vacations, Inc. 1/16/04 248,399 100.0 % 1 CITGO Petroleum Corporation 2/24/05 196,236 66.3 % 2 Kaiser Foundation Health Plan 9/28/05 156,746 95.0 % 7 Olin Corporation Hargrove and Associates, Inc. Bluware, Inc. 2/24/06 217,779 72.9 % 24 See Footnote 3 6/29/10 298,121 85.2 % 36 Schwegman, Lundberg & Woessner 801 Marquette Ave. South 6/29/10 129,691 91.8 % 3 Workbox Marquette MN, LLC 18 Property Location Minneapolis, MN 55402 Date of Purchase (1) Approx. Square Feet Percent Leased as of 12/31/22 Approx. Number of Tenants Major Tenants (2) Greater Minneapolis Convention & Visitor Association Deluxe Corporation 5100 & 5160 Tennyson Pkwy Plano, TX 75024 7500 Dallas Parkway Plano, TX 75024 10370 & 10350 Richmond Ave. Houston, TX 77042 1999 Broadway Denver, CO 80202 1001 17th Street Denver, CO 80202 Minneapolis, MN 55402 1420 Peachtree Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30309 600 17th Street Denver, CO 80202 3/10/11 209,461 49.0 % ARK-LA-TEX Financial Services, LLC 5 3/24/11 214,110 64.7 % 9 Bread Financial Payments, Inc. 11/1/12 629,025 63.5 % 40 See Footnote 3 5/22/13 680,255 66.9 % 36 United States Government 8/28/13 657,816 70.2 % 15 Hall and Evans, LLC Ping Identity Corp. Permian Resources Operating, LLC 23 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Haworth Marketing & Media Company 8/10/16 160,145 79.2 % 4 Swift, Currie, McGhee & Hiers, LLP 12/1/16 611,163 78.3 % 32 EOG Resources, Inc. 45 South Seventh Street 6/6/16 330,096 79.3 % Total Owned Portfolio 6,239,530 75.6 % (1) Date of purchase or merged entity date of purchase. (2) Major tenants that occupy 10% or more of the space in an individual property. (3) No tenant occupies more than 10% of the space. All of the properties listed above are owned, directly or indirectly, by us. None of our properties are subject to any mortgage loans. We have no other material undeveloped or unimproved properties, or proposed programs for material renovation or development of any of our properties in 2023. We believe that our properties are adequately covered by insurance as of December 31, 2022. 19 The information presented below provides the weighted average GAAP rent per square foot for the year ended December 31, 2022 for our properties and weighted occupancy square feet and percentages. GAAP rent includes the impact of tenant concessions and reimbursements. This table does not include information about properties held by our investments in nonconsolidated REITs or those which we have provided Sponsored REIT Loans. Property Name City State Renovated Year Built or Charlotte Glen Allen NC 1999/2020 VA 1999 Elk Grove Village IL 1999 Weighted Occupied Percentage as of December 31, 2022 (a) Weighted Average Rent per Occupied Square Feet (b) Net Rentable Square Feet 64,198 298,183 362,381 177,095 Weighted Occupied Sq. Ft. 50,331 144,738 195,069 177,095 78.4 % $ 48.5 % 53.8 % 100.0 % Minneapolis MN 1974 298,121 263,867 88.5 % Minneapolis Minneapolis MN 1923/2017 MN 1987 129,691 330,096 109,913 268,005 84.8 % 81.2 % 23.65 18.91 20.13 31.64 25.10 23.92 33.28 29.03 33.10 29.09 34.49 27.06 26.11 28.63 24.56 30.37 37.31 26.68 33.44 29.22 34.02 35.48 34.38 28.08 34.02 FL TX TX TX TX TX TX 2002/2021 1999 1999 1999 1999 2006 1985 TX 1999/2008 TX TX 1983/2008 2008 GA 1989 1986 CO CO 1977/2006 CO CO 1982 2000 935,003 818,880 87.6 % 213,182 157,609 289,333 300,887 248,399 156,746 217,779 209,461 214,110 629,025 156,795 113,431 206,989 261,772 248,399 148,924 155,429 88,225 128,166 354,267 160,145 2,796,676 680,255 657,816 611,163 196,236 2,145,470 54,994 1,917,391 453,050 502,703 472,674 152,083 1,580,510 73.6 % 72.0 % 71.5 % 87.0 % 100.0 % 95.0 % 71.4 % 42.1 % 59.9 % 56.3 % 34.3 % 68.6 % 66.6 % 76.4 % 77.3 % 77.5 % 73.7 % Forest Park Innsbrook East total Northwest Point 121 South 8th Street 801 Marquette Ave Plaza Seven Midwest total Blue Lagoon Miami Drive Houston Park Ten Addison Addison Circle Richardson Collins Crossing Houston Eldridge Green Park Ten Phase II Houston Liberty Plaza Addison Legacy Tennyson Center Plano One Legacy Circle Plano Westchase I & II Pershing Park Plaza Houston Atlanta Denver Denver Denver Englewood South Total 1999 Broadway 1001 17th Street 600 17th Street Greenwood Plaza West Total Total Owned Properties 6,239,530 4,511,850 72.3 % $ 30.48 (a) Based on weighted occupied square feet for the year ended December 31, 2022, including month-to-month tenants, divided by the property’s net rentable square footage. (b) Represents annualized GAAP rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 per weighted occupied square foot. 20 The information presented below is a lease expiration table for ten years and thereafter, stating (i) the number of tenants whose leases will expire, (ii) the total area in square feet covered by such leases, (iii) the annual rental represented by such leases in dollars and by square feet, and (iv) the percentage of gross annual rental represented by such leases. Year of Lease Expiration December 31, 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 and thereafter Leased total Vacancies as of 12/31/22 Total Portfolio Square Footage Number of Leases Expiring Within the Year (a) Rentable Square Footage Subject to Expiring Leases Annualized Rent Under Expiring Leases (b) Annualized Percentage Rent of Total Per Square Annualized Rent Under Foot Under Expiring Expiring Leases Leases Cumulative Total 47 (c) 49 54 36 20 19 15 11 8 — 44 303 398,204 862,393 429,146 612,913 307,689 278,620 344,550 292,715 271,904 $ 12,594,621 27,667,475 14,038,512 21,289,129 9,694,824 8,125,556 10,011,705 8,077,513 9,952,632 $ 31.63 32.08 32.71 34.73 31.51 29.16 29.06 27.60 36.60 — — — 16.41 $ 28.95 15,053,359 $ 136,505,326 917,408 (d) 4,715,542 1,523,988 6,239,530 9.2 % 20.3 % 10.3 % 15.6 % 7.1 % 6.0 % 7.3 % 5.9 % 7.3 % — % 11.0 % 100.0 % 9.2 % 29.5 % 39.8 % 55.4 % 62.5 % 68.5 % 75.8 % 81.7 % 89.0 % 89.0 % 100.0 % (a) The number of leases approximates the number of tenants. Tenants with lease maturities in different years are included in annual totals for each lease. Tenants may have multiple leases in the same year. (b) Annualized rent represents the monthly rent charged, including tenant reimbursements, for each lease in effect at December 31, 2022 multiplied by 12. Tenant reimbursements generally include payment of real estate taxes, operating expenses and common area maintenance and utility charges. Includes 3 leases that are month-to-month. (c) (d) Includes 87,695 square feet that are non-revenue producing building amenities. Item 3. Legal Proceedings From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Although occasional adverse decisions (or settlements) may occur, we believe that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 21 PART II Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “FSP”. As of February 1, 2023, there were 15,350 holders of our common stock, including both holders of record and participants in securities position listings. While not guaranteed, we expect to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the future. See Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors, “Our level of dividends may fluctuate.” for additional information. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On June 23, 2021, FSP Corp. announced that the Board of Directors of FSP Corp. had authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of the Company’s common stock from time to time in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or other manners as permitted by federal securities laws. The repurchase authorization may be suspended or discontinued at any time. There were no repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2022. On February 10, 2023, FSP Corp. disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Board of Directors of FSP Corp. had discontinued the repurchase authorization. STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 included a comparison of the cumulative total return of the Company’s common stock with the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index (“S&P 500”) and the Russell 2000 Total Return Index. The Company believes that the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index, which is comprised of REITs that invest in commercial office real estate investments, provides a better comparison and is a more appropriate index than the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index for comparison of the Company’s stock performance. In accordance with SEC regulations, the following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company’s common stock between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2022 with the cumulative total return of (1) the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index, (2) the S&P 500, (3) the Russell 2000 Total Return Index and (4) the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index over the same period. This graph assumes the investment of $100.00 on December 31, 2017 and assumes that any distributions are reinvested. 22 FSP FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs S&P 500 Russell 2000 FTSE NAREIT Equity Office As of December 31, 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 $ 35 $ 100 124 100 157 100 122 100 70 100 $ 48 117 149 134 92 $ 88 123 126 112 112 $ 74 166 192 154 112 $ 61 96 96 89 86 Notes to Graph: The above performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. Item 6. [Reserved] 23 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. Historical results and percentage relationships set forth in the consolidated financial statements, including trends which might appear, should not be taken as necessarily indicative of future operations. The following discussion and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K may also contain forward-looking statements based on current judgments and current knowledge of management, which are subject to certain risks, trends and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned that our forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainty, including without limitation, adverse changes in general economic or local market conditions, including the impact of recessionary concerns, inflation, energy prices and interest rates, as well as those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the impact of work-from-home policies, and other potential infectious disease outbreaks and terrorist attacks or other acts of violence, which may negatively affect the markets in which we and our tenants operate, adverse changes in energy prices, which if sustained, could negatively impact occupancy and rental rates in the markets in which we own properties, including energy- influenced markets such as Dallas, Denver and Houston, expectations for future property dispositions, uncertainty relating to the completion and timing of the disposition of the properties under agreement, expectations for the potential payment of special dividends, changes in interest rates as a result of economic market conditions, disruptions in the debt markets, economic conditions in the markets in which we own properties, risks of a lessening of demand for the types of real estate owned by us, uncertainties relating to fiscal policy, changes in government regulations and regulatory uncertainty, geopolitical events, and expenditures that cannot be anticipated such as utility rate and usage increases, delays in construction schedules, unanticipated increases in construction costs, unanticipated repairs, increases in the level of general and administrative costs as a percentage of revenues as revenues decrease as a result of property dispositions, additional staffing, insurance increases and real estate tax valuation reassessments. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward- looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We may not update any of the forward-looking statements after the date this Annual Report on Form 10-K is filed to conform them to actual results or to changes in our expectations that occur after such date, other than as required by law. Overview FSP Corp., or we or the Company, operates in a single reportable segment: real estate operations. The real estate operations market involves real estate rental operations, leasing, secured financing of real estate and services provided for asset management, property management, property acquisitions, dispositions and development. Our current strategy is to invest in infill and central business district office properties in the United States sunbelt and mountain west regions as well as select opportunistic markets. We believe that the United States sunbelt and mountain west regions have macro-economic drivers that have the potential to increase occupancies and rents. We seek value-oriented investments with an eye towards long-term growth and appreciation, as well as current income. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 5.3 million square feet, or approximately 85.4% of our total owned portfolio, was located in Dallas, Denver, Houston and Minneapolis. The main factor that affects our real estate operations is the broad economic market conditions in the United States. These market conditions affect the occupancy levels and the rent levels on both a national and local level. We have no influence on broader economic/market conditions. We may look to acquire and/or develop quality properties in good locations in order to lessen the impact of downturns in the market and to take advantage of upturns when they occur. We continue to believe that the current price of our common stock does not accurately reflect the value of our underlying real estate assets and we will seek to increase shareholder value by (1) pursuing the sale of select properties where we believe that short to intermediate term valuation potential has been reached and (2) striving to lease vacant space. As we continue to execute this strategy, our revenue, Funds From Operations, and capital expenditures may decrease in the short term. Proceeds from dispositions are intended to be used primarily for the repayment of debt. 24 For the year ended December 31, 2022, our disposition strategy resulted in gross sale proceeds of $130.3 million and we repaid $128.9 million of debt. Specifically, on August 31, 2022, we sold two office properties located in Broomfield, Colorado for aggregate gross proceeds of $102.5 million, at a gain of approximately $24.1 million. On September 6, 2022, we prepaid our $110 million term loan with Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent and the other lending institutions party thereto (the “Former BofA Term Loan”). If we had not prepaid the Former BofA Term Loan in full, it would have matured by its own terms on January 12, 2023. In addition, on December 28, 2022, we sold one office property located in Evanston, Illinois for gross proceeds of $27.8 million, at a gain of $3.9 million. On December 29, 2022 and December 30, 2022, we repaid $7 million and $20 million, respectively, that had been drawn under our revolving line of credit with Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent and the other lending institutions party thereto (the “BofA Revolver”). In July 2022, we adopted a variable quarterly dividend policy, which replaced our previous regular quarterly dividend policy. Under the new variable quarterly dividend policy, the Board of Directors will determine quarterly dividends based upon a variety of factors, including the Company’s estimates of its annual taxable income and the amount that the Company is required to distribute annually in the aggregate to enable the Company to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes. On June 15, 2021, the credit rating for our senior unsecured debt was downgraded by Moody’s Investor Service to Ba1 from Baa3. As of December 31, 2022, the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the BMO Term Loan, the BofA Revolver and the Senior Notes (each as defined in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources) was based in part on the rating of our debt. On February 10, 2023, we entered into amendments to the BMO Term Loan and the BofA Revolver that, among other things, caused the interest rate applicable to those borrowings to no longer be based in part on the rating of our debt. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the Senior Notes continues to be based in part on the rating of our debt. We anticipate that as a result of this downgrade we will incur approximately $1.0 million in additional interest costs from the Senior Notes over a full twelve-month period based on our borrowings as of February 10, 2023. Trends and Uncertainties COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely impact global commercial activity and has contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. It has disrupted global travel supply chains, adversely impacted global commercial activity, and its long-term economic impact remains uncertain. Considerable uncertainty still surrounds the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential effects on the population, including the spread of more contagious variants of the virus. Many of our tenants still do not fully occupy the space that they lease. The pandemic has had an adverse impact on economic and market conditions in various sectors of the economy. However, the evolving nature of the pandemic makes it difficult to ascertain the long-term impact it will have on commercial real estate markets and our business. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the performance of our properties and our financial results, such as the potential negative impact to the businesses of our tenants, the impact of work-from- home policies, the potential negative impact to leasing efforts and occupancy at our properties, uncertainty regarding future rent collection levels or requests for rent concessions from our tenants, the occurrence of a default under any of our debt agreements, the potential for increased borrowing costs, negative impacts on our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or to secure new sources of capital on favorable terms, fluctuations in our level of dividends, increased costs of operations, making more difficult our ability to complete required capital expenditures in a timely manner and on budget, decreases in values of our real estate assets, changes in law and/or regulation, and uncertainty regarding government and regulatory policy. We are unable to estimate the full extent of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our future financial results at this time. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. 25 We have been following and directing our vendors to follow the guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and other applicable authorities to minimize the spread of COVID-19 among our employees, tenants, vendors and visitors, as well as at our properties. During the year ended December 31, 2022, all of our properties remained open for business. Some of our tenants have requested rent concessions, and more tenants may request rent concessions or may not pay rent in the future. Future rent concession requests or nonpayment of rent could lead to increased rent delinquencies and/or defaults under leases, a lower demand for rentable space leading to increased concessions or lower occupancy, extended lease terms, increased tenant improvement capital expenditures, or reduced rental rates to maintain occupancies. We review each rent concession request on a case by case basis and may or may not provide rent concessions, depending on the specific circumstances involved. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $6.6 million as of December 31, 2022. Management believes that existing cash, cash anticipated to be generated internally by operations and our existing availability under the BofA Revolver ($45 million available as of February 10, 2023) and proceeds from dispositions of properties, will be sufficient to meet working capital requirements, term loan repayment and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Although there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain the funds necessary for our future growth, we anticipate generating funds from continuing real estate operations. We believe that we have adequate funds to cover unusual expenses and capital improvements, in addition to normal operating expenses. Our ability to pay dividends to stockholders and the level of such dividends, however, depends in significant part upon the level of rental income from our real estate properties and the amount, timing and terms of any property dispositions. Economic Conditions The global economy is experiencing significant disruptions as a result of various factors, including geopolitical events such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing supply chain difficulties. In addition, negative gross domestic product growth, inflation, energy prices and interest rates and declining consumer confidence and spending are contributing to recessionary concerns for the economy of the United States. Economic conditions directly affect the demand for office space, our primary income producing asset. In addition, the broad economic market conditions in the United States are typically affected by numerous other factors, including but not limited to, inflation and employment levels, energy prices, uncertainty about government fiscal, monetary, trade and tax policies, changes in currency exchange rates, the regulatory environment and the availability of credit. During 2022 and as of February 10, 2023, the Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate target several times, most recently by 25 basis points on February 1, 2023, to a range of 4.50% to 4.75%. The Federal Reserve has indicated that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate, which could also increase interest rates. In addition, in April 2022, the Federal Reserve confirmed its plan to reduce its balance sheet at a rapid pace beginning in May 2022 and in September 2022 indicated it would continue to reduce its holdings of Treasury Securities and agency debt and agency mortgage- backed securities. If interest rates continue to increase, then the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt would be adversely affected, which could in turn adversely affect our cash flow, our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to stockholders. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 12% of our total debt constituted unhedged variable rate debt. Increasing interest rates could also decrease the amount third parties are willing to pay for our assets and limit our ability to incur new debt or refinance existing debt when it matures. As of the date of this report, the impact of current economic conditions and geopolitical events and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are adversely affecting the demand for office space in the United States. Real Estate Operations As of December 31, 2022, our real estate portfolio was comprised of 21 operating properties, which we also refer to as our owned properties. Our 21 operating properties were approximately 75.6% leased as of December 31, 2022, a decrease from 78.4% leased as of December 31, 2021. The 2.8% decrease in leased space was primarily a result of lease maturities that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 1,524,000 square feet of vacancy in our owned properties compared to approximately 1,496,000 square feet of vacancy at December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we leased approximately 435,000 square feet of office space, of which approximately 160,000 square feet were with existing tenants, at a weighted average term of 6.4 years. On average, tenant improvements for such leases were $31.86 per square foot, lease commissions were $11.80 per square foot and rent concessions were approximately six months of free rent. Average GAAP base rents 26 under such leases were $33.27 per square foot, or 10.6% higher than average rents in the respective properties as applicable compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. During 2022, we had no redevelopment properties. On November 16, 2021, we sold a property known as Stonecroft in Chantilly, Virginia and another property located in Chantilly, Virginia for aggregate gross sales proceeds of approximately $40 million. Stonecroft had been our sole redevelopment property prior to its sale. Our property known as Blue Lagoon in Miami, Florida, was substantially completed during the first quarter of 2021, and had previously been classified as a redevelopment property. As of December 31, 2022, the property had leases signed for 98.5% of the rentable square feet of the property, including one tenant occupying approximately 73.6% of the rentable square feet of the property. As of December 31, 2022, leases for approximately 6.4% and 13.8% of the square footage in our owned portfolio are scheduled to expire during 2023 and 2024, respectively. As the first quarter of 2023 begins, we believe that our operating properties are stabilized, with a balanced lease expiration schedule, and that existing vacancy is being actively marketed to numerous potential tenants. While leasing activity at our properties has continued, we believe that the impact of geopolitical events, current economic conditions and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may limit or delay new tenant leasing during at least the first quarter of 2023 and potentially in future periods. While we cannot generally predict when an existing vacancy in our owned portfolio will be leased or if existing tenants with expiring leases will renew their leases or what the terms and conditions of the lease renewals will be, we expect to renew or sign new leases at then-current market rates for locations in which the buildings are located, which could be above or below the expiring rates. Also, we believe the potential exists for any of our tenants to default on its lease or to seek the protection of bankruptcy. If any of our tenants defaults on its lease, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as a landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment. In addition, at any time, a tenant of one of our properties may seek the protection of bankruptcy laws, which could result in the rejection and termination of such tenant’s lease and thereby cause a reduction in cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Real Estate Acquisition and Investment Activity During 2022:  we continued to actively explore additional potential real estate investment opportunities. During 2021:  on October 29, 2021, the Company agreed to amend and restate the Sponsored REIT Loan to extend the maturity date from December 6, 2022 to June 30, 2023 and to advance an additional $3.0 million tranche of indebtedness to FSP Monument Circle LLC with the same June 30, 2023 maturity date, effectively increasing the aggregate principal amount of the Sponsored REIT Loan from $21 million to $24 million. In addition, the Company agreed to defer all principal and interest payments due under the Sponsored REIT Loan until the maturity date on June 30, 2023. As part of its consideration for agreeing to amend and restate the Sponsored REIT Loan, the Company obtained from the stockholders of the parent of FSP Monument Circle LLC the right to vote their shares in favor of any sale of the property owned by FSP Monument Circle LLC any time on or after January 1, 2023.  we continued to actively explore additional potential real estate investment opportunities. During 2020:  we continued to actively explore additional potential real estate investment opportunities. Property Dispositions and Assets Held for Sale During 2022, we sold two office properties located in Broomfield, Colorado on August 31, 2022 for an aggregate sales price of $102.5 million, at a gain of approximately $24.1 million. We also sold an office property in Evanston, Illinois on December 28, 2022 for a sales price of approximately $27.8 million, at a gain of $3.9 million. There were no properties held for sale as of December 31, 2022. 27 During 2021, we sold three office properties located in Atlanta, Georgia on May 27, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $219.5 million, at a net gain of approximately $22.8 million. We sold an office property in Dulles, Virginia on June 29, 2021 for a sales price of approximately $17.3 million, at a loss of $2.1 million. We sold an office property located in Indianapolis, Indiana on August 31, 2021 for a sales price of approximately $35 million, at a loss of approximately $1.7 million. We sold two office properties located in Chesterfield, Missouri on September 23, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $67 million, at a gain of approximately $10.3 million. On October 22, 2021, we sold an office property in Atlanta Georgia for a sales price of approximately $223.9 million, at a gain of approximately $86.8 million. On November 16, 2021, we sold two office properties in Chantilly, Virginia for an aggregate sales price of approximately $40 million, at a loss of approximately $2.9 million. During 2020, we sold an office property located in Durham, North Carolina, for a sales price of approximately $89.7 million, at a gain of approximately $41.9 million. We used the proceeds of the dispositions principally to repay outstanding indebtedness. The dispositions of these properties did not represent a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. Our current strategy is to continue to invest in the sunbelt and mountain west regions of the United States. Accordingly, the properties sold remained classified within continuing operations for all periods presented. We continue to believe that the current price of our common stock does not accurately reflect the value of our underlying real estate assets, and we will seek to increase shareholder value by (1) pursuing the sale of select properties where we believe that short to intermediate term valuation potential has been reached and (2) striving to lease vacant space. As we continue to execute this strategy, our revenue, Funds From Operations, and capital expenditures may decrease in the short term. Proceeds from dispositions are intended to be used primarily for the repayment of debt. Critical Accounting Estimates We have certain critical accounting policies that are subject to judgments and estimates by our management and uncertainties of outcome that affect the application of these policies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. The accounting policies that we believe are most critical to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations, and that require significant management estimates and judgments, are discussed below. Significant estimates in the consolidated financial statements include the allowance for doubtful accounts, purchase price allocations, useful lives of fixed assets, impairment considerations and the valuation of derivatives. Critical accounting policies are those that have the most impact on the reporting of our financial condition and results of operations and those requiring significant judgments and estimates. We believe that our judgments and estimates are consistently applied and produce financial information that fairly presents our results of operations. Our most critical accounting policies involve our investments in Sponsored REITs and our investments in real property. These policies affect our:         allocation of purchase price; allowance for doubtful accounts; allowance for loan losses on mortgage loans; assessment of the carrying values and impairments of long lived assets; useful lives of fixed assets and intangibles; valuation of derivatives; classification of leases; and ownership of stock in a Sponsored REIT and related interests. 28 These policies involve significant judgments made based upon our experience, including judgments about current valuations, ultimate realizable value, estimated useful lives, salvage or residual value, the ability of our tenants to perform their obligations to us, current and future economic conditions and competitive factors in the markets in which our properties are located. Competition, economic conditions and other factors may cause occupancy declines in the future. In the future we may need to revise our carrying value assessments to incorporate information which is not now known and such revisions could increase or decrease our depreciation expense related to properties we own, result in the classification of our leases as other than operating leases or decrease the carrying values of our assets. Allocation of Purchase Price We allocate the value of real estate acquired among land, buildings, improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, which may consist of the value of above market and below market leases, the value of in-place leases, and the value of tenant relationships. Purchase price allocations and the determination of the useful lives are based on management’s estimates. Under some circumstances we may rely upon studies commissioned from independent real estate appraisal firms in determining the purchase price allocations. Purchase price allocated to land and building and improvements is based on management’s determination of the relative fair values of these assets assuming the property was vacant. Management determines the fair value of a property using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers. Purchase price allocated to above or below market leases is based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases including consideration of potential lease renewals and (ii) our estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. This aggregate value is allocated between in-place lease values and tenant relationships based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease; however, the value of tenant relationships has not been separated from in-place lease value because such value and its consequence to amortization expense is immaterial for acquisitions reflected in our financial statements. Factors considered by us in performing these analyses include (i) an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease- up periods, including real estate taxes, insurance and other operating income and expenses, and (ii) costs to execute similar leases in current market conditions, such as leasing commissions, legal and other related costs. If future acquisitions result in our allocating material amounts to the value of tenant relationships, those amounts would be separately allocated and amortized over the estimated life of the relationships. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We provided an allowance for doubtful accounts based on collectability. We recognize the effect of a change in our assessment of whether the collectability of operating lease receivables are probable as an adjustment to lease income rather than bad debt expense. Impairment We periodically evaluate our real estate properties for impairment indicators. These indicators may include lower or declining tenant occupancy, weak or declining tenant profitability, cash flow or liquidity, our decision to dispose of an asset before the end of its estimated useful life or legislative, economic or market changes that permanently reduce the value of our investments. If indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the property by comparing it to its expected future undiscounted cash flows. If the sum of these expected future cash flows is less than the carrying value, we reduce the net carrying value of the property to the present value of these expected future cash flows. This analysis requires us to judge whether indicators of impairment exist and to estimate likely future cash flows. If we misjudge or estimate incorrectly or if future tenant profitability, market or industry factors differ from our expectations, we may record an impairment charge which is inappropriate or fail to record a charge when we should have done so, or the amount of such charges may be inaccurate. Depreciation and Amortization Expense We compute depreciation expense using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of up to 39 years for buildings and improvements, and up to 15 years for personal property. Costs incurred in connection with leasing 29 (primarily tenant improvements and leasing commissions) are capitalized and amortized over the lease period. The allocated cost of land is not depreciated. The value of above or below-market leases is amortized over the remaining non-cancelable periods of the respective leases as an adjustment to rental income. The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and below-market in-place leases, is also amortized over the remaining non-cancelable periods of the respective leases. If a lease is terminated prior to its stated expiration, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease are written off. Inappropriate allocation of acquisition costs, or incorrect estimates of useful lives, could result in depreciation and amortization expenses which do not appropriately reflect the allocation of our capital expenditures over future periods, as is required by generally accepted accounting principles. Derivative Instruments We recognize derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that do not qualify, or are not designated as hedge relationships, must be adjusted to fair value through income. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. To the extent hedges are effective, a corresponding amount, adjusted for swap payments, is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. Amounts are then reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to the income statement in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value will be recognized in earnings in the same period in which the hedged interest payments affect earnings, which may increase or decrease reported net income and stockholders’ equity prospectively, depending on future levels of interest rates and other variables affecting the fair values of derivative instruments and hedged items, but will have no effect on cash flows. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. We currently have no fair value hedges outstanding. Fair values of derivatives are subject to significant variability based on changes in interest rates and counterparty credit risk. To the extent we enter into fair value hedges in the future, the results of such variability could be a significant increase or decrease in our derivative assets, derivative liabilities, book equity, and/or earnings. Lease Classification Some of our real estate properties are leased on a triple net basis, pursuant to non-cancelable, fixed term, operating leases. Each time we enter a new lease or materially modify an existing lease we evaluate whether it is appropriately classified as a financing lease or as an operating lease. The classification of a lease as financing or operating affects the carrying value of a property, as well as our recognition of rental payments as revenue. These evaluations require us to make estimates of, among other things, the remaining useful life and market value of a property, discount rates and future cash flows. Incorrect assumptions or estimates may result in misclassification of our leases. 30 Results of Operations The following table shows financial results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. (in thousands) Revenues: Rental Related party revenue: Management fees and interest income from loans Other Total revenues Expenses: Real estate operating expenses Real estate taxes and insurance Depreciation and amortization General and administrative Interest Total expenses Year ended December 31, 2021 Change 2022 $ 163,739 $ 207,581 $ (43,842) 1,855 21 165,615 1,700 77 209,358 52,820 34,620 63,808 13,885 22,808 187,941 60,881 41,061 78,544 15,898 32,273 228,657 155 (56) (43,743) (8,061) (6,441) (14,736) (2,013) (9,465) (40,716) Loss on extinguishment of debt Impairment and loan loss reserve Gain on sale of properties, net Income (loss) before taxes and equity in income of non-consolidated REITs Tax expense Equity in income of non-consolidated REITs Net income (loss) (78) (4,237) 27,939 1,298 204 — $ 1,094 (901) — 113,134 92,934 638 421 $ 92,717 823 (4,237) (85,195) (91,636) (434) (421) $ (91,623) Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 to the year ended December 31, 2021 Revenues Total revenues decreased by $43.7 million to $165.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of:  A decrease in rental revenue of approximately $43.8 million primarily due to the sale of thirteen properties during 2021 and 2022 and the loss of rental income from lease expirations during the periods presented. These decreases were partially offset by rental income earned from leases that commenced during the periods presented. Our leased space in our operating properties was 75.6% at December 31, 2022 and 78.4% at December 31, 2021. This decrease was partially offset by:  An increase in interest income of approximately $0.2 million from a higher principal balance on the Sponsored REIT Loan during 2022 compared to 2021. Expenses Total expenses decreased by $40.7 million to $187.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of:  A decrease in real estate operating expenses and real estate taxes and insurance of approximately $14.5 million primarily attributable to the property dispositions noted above. 31  A decrease in depreciation and amortization of approximately $14.7 million primarily attributable to the property dispositions noted above.  A decrease in general and administrative expenses of approximately $2.0 million, which was primarily due to lower personnel costs of $1.3 million and professional fees and expenses of $0.7 million.  A decrease in interest expense of approximately $9.5 million. The decrease was primarily from lower interest expense as a result of a lower principal amount of debt outstanding, which was partially offset by higher interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition, the decrease was higher in 2022 as a result of interest swap breakage costs in 2021 of $1.9 million related to the repayment of $155 million in term loan debt on June 4, 2021. Loss on extinguishment of debt During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we repaid debt and incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to unamortized deferred financing costs on the dates of the repayments. Impairment and loan reserve During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded an impairment on a mortgage receivable of $4.2 million. Gain on sale of properties, net During the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold two office properties located in Broomfield, Colorado on August 31, 2022 for an aggregate sales price of $102.5 million, at a gain of $24.1 million. We also sold an office property in Evanston, Illinois on December 28, 2022 for a sales price of approximately $27.8 million, at a gain of $3.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold three office properties located in Atlanta, Georgia on May 27, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $219.5 million, at a net gain of approximately $22.8 million. We sold an office property in Dulles, Virginia on June 29, 2021 for a sales price of approximately $17.3 million, at a loss of $2.1 million. We sold an office property located in Indianapolis, Indiana on August 31, 2021, for a sales price of approximately $35 million, at a loss of approximately $1.7 million. We sold two office properties located in Chesterfield, Missouri on September 23, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $67 million, at a gain of approximately $10.3 million. We sold an office property located in Atlanta, Georgia on October 22, 2021, for a sales price of approximately $223.9 million, at a gain of approximately $86.8 million. We sold two office properties located in Chantilly, Virginia on November 16, 2021, for an aggregate sales price of approximately $40 million, at a loss of approximately $2.9 million. Tax expense on income Included in income taxes is the Revised Texas Franchise Tax, which is a tax on revenues from Texas properties, which was $239,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $234,000 during the year ended December 31, 2021. We received state tax refunds of $35,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022. We incurred $404,000 in state income taxes as a result of using some net operating loss carryforwards, which are not fully useable for some state income tax purposes during the year ended December 31, 2021 Net income (loss) Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $1.1 million compared to net income of $92.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, for the reasons described above. 32 The following table shows financial results for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. (in thousands) Revenues: Rental Related party revenue: Management fees and interest income from loans Other Total revenues Expenses: Real estate operating expenses Real estate taxes and insurance Depreciation and amortization General and administrative Interest Total expenses Loss on extinguishment of debt Gain on sale of properties, net Income before taxes on income and equity in income of non-consolidated REITs Tax expense Equity in income of non-consolidated REITs Net income Year ended December 31, 2020 Change 2021 $ 207,581 $ 244,207 $ (36,626) 1,700 77 209,358 1,610 31 245,848 60,881 41,061 78,544 15,898 32,273 228,657 66,940 48,390 88,558 14,997 36,026 254,911 90 46 (36,490) (6,059) (7,329) (10,014) 901 (3,753) (26,254) (901) 113,134 — 41,928 (901) 71,206 92,934 638 421 32,865 250 — 60,069 388 421 $ 92,717 $ 32,615 $ 60,102 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2021 to the year ended December 31, 2020 Revenues Total revenues decreased by $36.5 million to $209.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily a result of:  A decrease in rental revenue of approximately $36.6 million arising primarily from the sale of ten properties during 2021 and a tenant bankruptcy in December 2020 and other losses of rental income from leases that expired after December 31, 2020. These decreases were partially offset by rental income earned from leases commencing after December 31, 2020. Our leased space in our operating properties was 78.4% at December 31, 2021 and 85.0% at December 31, 2020. Expenses Total expenses decreased by $26.3 million to $228.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily a result of:  A decrease in real estate operating expenses and real estate taxes and insurance of approximately $13.4 million, primarily as a result of the sale of ten properties during 2021.  A decrease to depreciation and amortization of approximately $10.0 million, primarily as a result of the sale of ten properties during 2021.  A decrease in interest expense of approximately $3.8 million. The decrease was primarily from debt repayments made during 2021 and lower interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. 33 These decreases were partially offset by:  An increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.9 million, which was primarily attributable to an increase in public company related expenses. Loss on extinguishment of debt During the year ended December 31, 2021, we repaid debt and incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.9 million related to unamortized deferred financing costs on the dates of the repayments. Gain on sale of properties, net During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold three office properties located in Atlanta, Georgia on May 27, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $219.5 million, at a net gain of approximately $22.8 million. We sold an office property in Dulles, Virginia on June 29, 2021 for a sales price of approximately $17.3 million, at a loss of $2.1 million. We sold an office property located in Indianapolis, Indiana on August 31, 2021, for a sales price of approximately $35 million, at a loss of approximately $1.7 million. We sold two office properties located in Chesterfield, Missouri on September 23, 2021 for an aggregate sales price of approximately $67 million, at a gain of approximately $10.3 million. We sold an office property located in Atlanta, Georgia on October 22, 2021, for a sales price of approximately $223.9 million, at a gain of approximately $86.8 million. We sold two office properties located in Chantilly, Virginia on November 16, 2021, for an aggregate sales price of approximately $40 million, at a loss of approximately $2.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we sold an office property located in Durham, North Carolina on December 23, 2020 for a sales price of approximately $89.7 million, at a gain of approximately $41.9 million. Tax expense on income Included in income taxes is the Revised Texas Franchise Tax, which is a tax on revenues from Texas properties, which decreased $16,000 during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. We incurred $404,000 in state income taxes as a result of using some net operating loss carryforwards, which were not fully useable for some state income tax purposes during the year ended December 31, 2021. Net income Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $92.7 million compared to a net income of $32.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, for the reasons described above. 34 Non-GAAP Financial Measures Funds From Operations The Company evaluates performance based on Funds From Operations, which we refer to as FFO, as management believes that FFO represents the most accurate measure of activity and is the basis for distributions paid to equity holders. The Company defines FFO as net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, hedge ineffectiveness, acquisition costs of newly acquired properties that are not capitalized and lease acquisition costs that are not capitalized plus depreciation and amortization, including amortization of acquired above and below market lease intangibles and impairment charges on properties or investments in non- consolidated REITs, and after adjustments to exclude equity in income or losses from, and, to include the proportionate share of FFO from, non-consolidated REITs. We exclude FFO from any Sponsored REIT that is consolidated from the calculation of FFO. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), nor as an indicator of the Company’s financial performance, nor as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), nor as a measure of the Company’s liquidity, nor is it necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of the Company’s needs. Other real estate companies and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT may define this term in a different manner. We have included the NAREIT FFO definition as of May 17, 2016 in the table and note that other REITs may not define FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition or may interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of the results of the Company, FFO should be examined in connection with net income and cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities in the consolidated financial statements. The calculations of FFO are shown in the following table: (in thousands): Net income Impairment and loan loss reserve Gain on sale of properties Equity in income of non-consolidated REITs FFO from non-consolidated REITs Depreciation and amortization NAREIT FFO Lease Acquisition costs Funds From Operations Net Operating Income (NOI) 2022 $ 1,094 4,237 (27,939) For the Year December 31, 2021 $ 92,717 — (113,134) (421) 421 78,509 58,092 387 2020 $ 32,615 — (41,928) — — 88,244 78,931 467 — — 63,689 41,081 262 $ 41,343 $ 58,479 $ 79,398 The Company provides property performance based on Net Operating Income, which we refer to as NOI. Management believes that investors are interested in this information. NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company defines as net income or loss (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) plus selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, including amortization of acquired above and below market lease intangibles and impairment charges, interest expense, less equity in earnings of nonconsolidated REITs, interest income, management fee income, hedge ineffectiveness, gains or losses on the sale of assets and excludes non-property specific income and expenses. We exclude the NOI from any Sponsored REIT that is consolidated from the calculation of NOI. The information presented includes footnotes and the data is shown by region with properties owned in the periods presented, which we call Same Store. The comparative Same Store results include properties held for the periods 35 presented and exclude properties that are redevelopment properties. We also exclude properties that have been placed in service, but that do not have operating activity for all periods presented, dispositions and significant nonrecurring income such as bankruptcy settlements and lease termination fees. NOI, as defined by the Company, may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define NOI differently. NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or loss as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of the Company’s liquidity or its ability to make distributions. The calculations of NOI are shown in the following table: (in thousands) Region East MidWest South West Property NOI from the continuing portfolio Dispositions, Non-Operating, Development or Redevelopment Property NOI Same Store Less Nonrecurring Items in NOI (a) Comparative Same Store Net Operating Income (NOI)* Year Ended 31-Dec-22 $ 1,889 13,015 25,226 27,108 Year Ended 31-Dec-21 2,222 $ 10,268 26,227 34,341 $ Inc (Dec) (333) 2,747 (1,001) (7,233) % Change (15.0)% 26.8 % (3.8)% (21.1)% Rentable Square Feet 362 935 2,797 2,146 6,240 67,238 73,058 (5,820) (8.0)% 7,344 $ 74,582 31,023 $ 104,081 (23,679) $ (29,499) (20.3)% (28.3)% $ 67,238 $ 73,058 $ (5,820) (8.0)% 2,843 510 2,333 (3.2)% $ 64,395 $ 72,548 $ (8,153) (11.2)% Reconciliation to Net income Net Income Add (deduct): Loss on extinguishment of debt Impairment and loan loss reserve Gain on sale of property Management fee income Depreciation and amortization Amortization of above/below market leases General and administrative Interest expense Interest income Equity in income of non-consolidated REITs Non-property specific items, net Property NOI Year Ended 31-Dec-22 $ 1,094 $ Year Ended 31-Dec-21 92,717 78 4,237 (27,939) (1,127) 63,808 (118) 13,886 22,808 (1,828) - (317) 74,582 901 — (113,134) (1,559) 78,544 (34) 15,898 32,273 (1,639) (421) 535 $ 104,081 $ (a) Nonrecurring Items in NOI include proceeds from bankruptcies, lease termination fees or other significant nonrecurring income or expenses, which may affect comparability. * Excludes NOI from investments in and interest income from secured loans to non-consolidated REITs. 36 Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash and cash equivalents were $6.6 million and $40.8 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease of $34.2 million is attributable to $15.2 million provided by operating activities, plus $74.0 million provided by investing activities less $123.4 million used in financing activities. Management believes that existing cash, cash anticipated to be generated internally by operations, including property dispositions, and our existing availability under the BofA Revolver ($45 million available as of February 10, 2023), will be sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Although there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain the funds necessary for our future growth, we anticipate generating funds from continuing real estate operations and property dispositions. We believe that we have adequate funds to cover unusual expenses and capital improvements, in addition to normal operating expenses. Our ability to maintain or increase our level of dividends to stockholders, however, depends in significant part upon the level of rental income from our real properties, property dispositions and our interest costs. Operating Activities Cash provided by our operating activities of $15.2 million is primarily attributable to net income of $1.1 million excluding gains on sale of properties of $27.9 million and the impairment of a mortgage loan receivable of $4.2 million plus the add-back of $60.1 million of non-cash expenses, less $8.2 million increase in payments of deferred leasing commissions, a $7.0 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, a $4.5 million increase in lease acquisition costs, a $1.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, a $0.5 million increase in tenant security deposits and a $0.3 million increase in tenant rent receivables. Investing Activities Cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $74.0 million is primarily attributable to proceeds from the sale of three properties of $128.9 million and was partially offset by capital expenditures and office equipment investments of approximately $54.9 million. Financing Activities Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $123.4 million is primarily attributable to repayment of the Former BofA Term Loan in the amount of $110.0 million, distributions paid to stockholders in the amount of $54.0 million, stock repurchases in the amount of $4.8 million, and payment of deferred financing costs of $2.6 million, which was partially offset by net borrowings under the BofA Revolver of $48.0 million. Liquidity beyond the next 12 months Our ability to generate cash adequate to meet our needs is dependent primarily on income from real estate investments, the sale of real estate investments, leveraging of real estate investments, availability of bank borrowings, proceeds from public offerings of stock, private placement of debt and access to the capital markets. The acquisition of new properties, the payment of expenses related to real estate operations, capital improvement expenses, debt service payments, general and administrative expenses, and distribution requirements place demands on our liquidity. We intend to operate our properties from the cash flows generated by our properties. However, our expenses are affected by various factors, including inflation. See Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors for additional factors. Increases in operating expenses are predominantly borne by our tenants. To the extent that increases cannot be passed on to our tenants through rent reimbursements, such expenses would reduce the amount of available cash flow, which can adversely affect the market value of the applicable property. We have used a variety of sources to fund our cash needs in addition to our free cash flow generated from our investments in real estate. In the past, we considered borrowing on our unsecured line of credit facility, adding or refinancing existing term debt or raising capital through public offerings or At The Market (ATM) programs of our common stock. See Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 37 Operations, Contractual Obligations. We believe these sources of funds will provide sufficient funds to adequately meet our obligations beyond the next twelve months. JPM Term Loan On August 2, 2018, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and lender (“JPMorgan”), and the other lending institutions party thereto (the “JPM Credit Agreement”), which provided a single unsecured bridge loan in the aggregate principal amount of $150 million (the “JPM Term Loan”). On December 24, 2020, the Company repaid a $50 million portion of the JPM Term Loan with a portion of the proceeds from the December 23, 2020 sale of its Durham, North Carolina property, and $100 million remained fully advanced and outstanding under the JPM Term Loan. On June 4, 2021, the Company repaid the remaining $100 million outstanding on the loan, which had been scheduled to mature on November 30, 2021, and incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million related to unamortized deferred financing costs. Although the interest rate on the JPM Term Loan was variable under the JPM Credit Agreement, the Company fixed the LIBOR-based rate on a portion of the JPM Term Loan by entering into interest rate swap transactions. On March 7, 2019, the Company entered into ISDA Master Agreements with various financial institutions to hedge a $100 million portion of the future LIBOR-based rate risk under the JPM Credit Agreement. Effective March 29, 2019, the Company fixed the LIBOR-based rate at 2.44% per annum on a $100 million portion of the JPM Term Loan until November 30, 2021. On June 4, 2021, the Company paid approximately $1.2 million to terminate the interest rate swap, which was scheduled to mature on November 30, 2021. BMO Term Loan On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with the lending institutions party thereto and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “BMO First Amendment”). The BMO First Amendment amended the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated September 27, 2018 (as amended by the BMO First Amendment, the “BMO Credit Agreement”) among the Company and the lending institutions party thereto to, among other things, extend the maturity date from January 31, 2024 to October 1, 2024 and change the interest rate from a number of basis points over LIBOR depending on the Company’s credit rating to 300 basis points over SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate). The BMO Credit Agreement initially provided for an unsecured term loan borrowing in the amount of $220 million (the “BMO Term Loan”), of which $125 million remains outstanding. The BMO Term Loan initially consisted of a $55 million tranche A term loan and a $165 million tranche B term loan. On June 4, 2021, the Company repaid the tranche A term loan that was scheduled to mature on November 30, 2021, and incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 million related to unamortized deferred financing costs. On February 10, 2023, as part of the BMO First Amendment, the Company repaid a $40 million portion of the $165 million tranche B term loan, so that $125 million remains outstanding. On or before April 1, 2024, we are required to repay an additional $25 million of the BMO Term Loan. The tranche B term loan matures on October 1, 2024. Effective February 10, 2023 upon entering into the BMO First Amendment, the BMO Term Loan bears interest at either (i) 300 basis points over one, three or six month term SOFR, plus a corresponding adjustment of 0.11448%, 0.26161% or 0.42826%, respectively, or (ii) 200 basis points over the base rate. Prior to February 10, 2023, the BMO Term Loan bore interest at either (i) a number of basis points over LIBOR depending on the Company’s credit rating (165 basis points over LIBOR at December 31, 2022) or (ii) a number of basis points over the base rate depending on the Company’s credit rating (65 basis points over the base rate at December 31, 2022). 38 The margin over LIBOR rate or base rate was determined based on the Company’s credit rating pursuant to the following grid: LEVEL I II III IV V CREDIT RATING /A3 A- (or higher) LIBOR RATE BASE RATE MARGIN MARGIN BBB+ /Baa1 BBB /Baa2 BBB- /Baa3

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