General Communication Inc.
Annual Report 2002

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FORM 10-K UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 (√) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 Or ( ) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 0-15279 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ALASKA (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 92-0072737 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 2550 Denali Street Suite 1000 Anchorage, Alaska (Address of principal executive offices) 99503 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (907) 265-5600 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Class A common stock (Title of class) Class B common stock (Title of class) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes √ No . Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the average bid and asked prices of such stock as of the close of trading on as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter of June 30, 2002 was approximately $266,243,000. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of February 28, 2003, was: Class A common stock – 51,888,120 shares; and, Class B common stock – 3,874,607 shares. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the registrant to be held on June 5, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. 1 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. 2002 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Glossary............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.................................................................... 10 Part I ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 Item 1. Business........................................................................................................................................ 12 Item 2. Properties ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Item 3. Legal Proceedings......................................................................................................................... 66 Item 4. Submissions of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.................................................................. 66 Part II.............................................................................................................................................................. 66 Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters .......................... 66 Item 6. Selected Financial Data ................................................................................................................ 68 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations....... 69 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk................................................... 95 Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ...................................................... 95 Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. .... 95 Part III ............................................................................................................................................................ 95 Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 are incorporated herein by reference from our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Shareholders’ meeting................................................................................................................... 95 Item 14. Controls and Procedures............................................................................................................. 96 Part IV ............................................................................................................................................................ 97 Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K................... 97 Item 15(b). Exhibits ................................................................................................................................ 140 Independent Auditors’ Report.................................................................................................................. 145 Schedule VIII........................................................................................................................................... 146 Signatures..................................................................................................................................................... 147 Certifications ................................................................................................................................................ 148 This Annual Report on Form 10-K is for the year ending December 31, 2002. This Annual Report modifies and supersedes documents filed prior to this Annual Report. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you directly to those documents. Information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this Annual Report. In addition, information that we file with the SEC in the future will automatically update and supersede information contained in this Annual Report. 2 Glossary Access Charges -- Expenses incurred by an IXC and paid to LECs for accessing the local networks of the LECs in order to originate and terminate long-distance calls and provide the customer connection for private line services. ACS -- Alaska Communications Systems, Inc., previously ALEC Holdings, Inc. -- ACS, one of our competitors, includes acquired properties from Century Telephone Enterprises, Inc. and the Anchorage Telephone Utility (“ATU”). ATU provided local telephone and long distance services primarily in Anchorage and cellular telephone services in Anchorage and other Alaska markets. Alaska United -- Alaska United Fiber System Partnership -- an Alaska partnership wholly owned by The Company. Alaska United was organized to construct and operate a new fiber optic cable connecting various locations in Alaska and the Lower 49 states and foreign countries through Seattle, Washington. AT&T -- AT&T Corp. -- Acquired Tele-Communications, Inc. (“TCI”) in a 1999 merger; one of our competitors. AT&T Alascom -- Alascom, Inc. -- a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T and one of our competitors. Basic Service -- The basic service tier includes, at a minimum, signals of local television broadcast stations, any public, educational, and governmental programming required by the franchise to be carried on the basic tier, and any additional video programming service added to the basic tier by the cable operator. BOC -- Bell System Operating Company -- A LEC owned by any of the remaining Regional Bell Operating Companies, which are holding companies established following the AT&T Divestiture Decree to serve as parent companies for the BOCs. Backbone -- A centralized high-speed network that interconnects smaller, independent networks. Bandwidth -- The number of bits of data that can move through a communications medium in a given amount of time. Broadband -- A high-capacity communications circuit/path, usually implying speeds of 256 kbps or better. CAP -- Competitive Access Provider -- A company that provides its customers with an alternative to the LEC for local transport of private line and special access telecommunications services. Central Offices -- The switching centers or central switching facilities of the LECs. CLEC -- Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. -- A company that provides its customers with an alternative to the ILEC for local transport of telecommunications services, as allowed under the 1996 Telecom Act. Co-Carrier Status -- A regulatory scheme under which the incumbent LEC is required to integrate new, competing providers of local exchange service, into the systems of traffic exchange, inter-carrier compensation, and other inter-carrier relationships that already exist among LECs in most jurisdictions. Collocation -- The ability of a CAP or CLEC to connect its network to the LEC's central offices. Physical collocation occurs when a connecting carrier places its network connection equipment inside the LEC's central offices. Virtual collocation is an alternative to physical collocation pursuant to which the LEC permits a CAP or CLEC to connect its network to the LEC's central offices on comparable terms, even though the CAP's or CLEC’s network connection equipment is not physically located inside the central offices. The Company -- GCI and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, also referred to as “we,” “us” and “our.” 3 Compression / Decompression -- A method of encoding/decoding signals that allows transmission (or storage) of more information than the medium would otherwise be able to support. Both compression and decompression require processing capacity, but with many products, the time is not noticeable. DAMA -- Demand Assigned Multiple Access -- The Company’s digital satellite earth station technology that allows calls to be made between remote villages using only one satellite hop thereby reducing satellite delay and capacity requirements while improving quality. Dark Fiber -- An inactive fiber-optic strand without electronics or optronics. Dark fiber is not connected to transmitters, receivers and regenerators. DBS -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- Subscription television service obtained from satellite transmissions using frequency bands that are internationally allocated to the broadcast satellite services. Direct-to-home service such as DBS has its origins in the large direct-to-home satellite antennas that were first introduced in the 1970's for the reception of video programming transmitted via satellite. Because these first-generation direct-to-home satellites operated in the C-band frequencies at low power, direct-to-home satellite antennas, or dishes, as they are also known, generally needed to be seven to ten feet in diameter in order to receive the signals being transmitted. More recently, licensees have been using the Ku and extended Ku-bands to provide direct-to-home services enabling subscribers to use a receiving home satellite parabolic dish less than one meter in diameter. The major providers of DBS are currently DirecTV and EchoStar (marketed as the DISH Network). DS-3 -- A data communications circuit that is equivalent to 28 multiplexed T-1 channels capable of transmitting data at 44.736 mbps (sometimes called a T-3). Dedicated -- Telecommunications lines dedicated or reserved for use by particular customers. Digital -- A method of storing, processing and transmitting information through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. Digital transmission and switching technologies employ a sequence of these pulses to represent information as opposed to the continuously variable analog signal. The precise digital numbers minimize distortion (such as graininess or snow in the case of video transmission, or static or other background distortion in the case of audio transmission). DLC -- Digital Loop Carrier -- A digital transmission system designed for subscriber loop plant. Multiplexes a plurality of circuits onto very few wires or onto a single fiber pair. DOCSIS 1.1 -- Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification 1.1 -- An industry specification that provides for high-speed Internet service tiers, using techniques known as data fragmentation and quality of service. Under this specification, which is compatible with the existing DOCSIS 1.0 specification, cable operators can deliver high- speed Internet services simultaneously over the same plant and in a path parallel to core video services. DSL – Digital Subscriber Line -- Technology that allows Internet access at data transmission speeds greater than those of modems over conventional telephone lines. Equal Access -- Connection provided by a LEC permitting a customer to be automatically connected to the IXC of the customer's choice when the customer dials “1”. Also refers to a generic concept under which the BOCs must provide access services to AT&T's competitors that are equivalent to those provided to AT&T. FCC -- Federal Communications Commission -- A federal regulatory body empowered to establish and enforce rules and regulations governing public utility companies and others, such as the Company. 4 Frame Relay -- A wideband (64 kilobits per second to 1.544 mbps) packet-based data interface standard that transmits bursts of data over WANs. Frame-relay packets vary in length from 7 to 1024 bytes. Data oriented, it is generally not used for voice or video. FTC -- Federal Trade Commission -- A federal regulatory body empowered to establish and enforce rules and regulations governing companies involved in trade and commerce. GCC -- GCI Communication Corp., an Alaska corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings. GCI -- General Communication, Inc., an Alaska corporation and the Registrant. GCI, Inc. -- a wholly owned subsidiary of GCI, an Alaska corporation and issuer of $180 million of publicly traded bonds. GFCC -- GCI Fiber Communication Co., Inc., an Alaska corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings. Holdings acquired all minority ownership interests in GFCC in the third and fourth quarters of 2002. GFCC owns and operates a fiber optic cable system constructed along the trans-Alaska oil pipeline corridor extending from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, Alaska. See Kanas. Holdings -- a wholly owned subsidiary of GCI, Inc., an Alaska corporation and party to the Company’s Senior Holdings Loan. ILEC -- Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier -- with respect to an area, the LEC that -- (A) on the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, provided telephone exchange service in such area; and (B)(i) on such date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the exchange carrier association pursuant to section 69.601(b) of the FCC's regulations (47 C.F.R. 69.601(b)); or (ii) is a person or entity that, on or after such date of enactment, became a successor or assign of a member described in clause (i). Interexchange -- Communication between two different LATAs or, in Alaska, between two different local exchange serving areas. ISDN -- Integrated Services Digital Network -- A set of standards for transmission of simultaneous voice, data and video information over fewer channels than would otherwise be needed, through the use of out-of-band signaling. The most common ISDN system provides one data and two voice circuits over a traditional copper wire pair, but can represent as many as 30 channels. Broadband ISDN extends the ISDN capabilities to services in the Gigabit range. ISP -- Internet Service Provider -- a company providing retail and/or wholesale Internet services. Internet -- A global collection of interconnected computer networks which use TCP/IP, a common communications protocol. IXC -- Interexchange Carrier -- A long-distance carrier providing services between local exchanges. Kanas -- Kanas Telecom, Inc. -- an Alaska corporation that was renamed to GFCC in 2001. LAN -- Local Area Network -- The interconnection of computers for sharing files, programs and various devices such as printers and high-speed modems. LANs may include dedicated computers or file servers that provide a centralized source of shared files and programs. 5 LATA -- Local Access and Transport Area -- The approximately 200 geographic areas defined pursuant to the AT&T Divestiture Decree. The BOCs were historically prohibited from providing long-distance service between the LATA in which they provide local exchange services, and any other LATA. LEC -- Local Exchange Carrier -- A company providing local telephone services. Each BOC is a LEC. LMDS -- Local Multipoint Distribution System -- LMDS uses microwave signals (millimeterwave signals) in the 28 GHz spectrum to transmit voice, video, and data signals within small cells 3-10 miles in diameter. LMDS allows license holders to control up to 1.3 GHz of wireless spectrum in the 28 GHz Ka-band. The 1.3 GHz can be used to carry digital data at speeds in excess of one gigabit per second. LMDS uses a specific band in the microwave spectrum, known as millimeter waves or the 28 GHz “Ka-band.” The extremely high frequency used and the need for point to multipoint transmissions limits the distance that a receiver can be from a transmitter. This means that LMDS will be a “cellular” technology, based on multiple, contiguous, or overlapping cells. LMDS is expected to provide customers with multichannel video programming, telephony, video communications, and two-way data services. Incumbent LECs and cable companies may not obtain the in-region 1150 MHz license for three years following the date of the license grant. Within 10 years following the date of the license grant, licensees will be required to provide 'substantial service' in their service regions. Local Exchange -- A geographic area generally determined by a PUC, in which calls generally are transmitted without toll charges to the calling or called party. Local Number Portability -- The ability of an end user to change Local Exchange Carriers while retaining the same telephone number. Lower 48 States or Lower 48 -- refers to the 48 contiguous states south of or below Alaska. Lower 49 States or Lower 49 -- refers to Hawaii and the Lower 48 States. MAN -- Metropolitan Area Network -- LANs interconnected within roughly a 50-mile radius. MANs typically use fiber optic cable to connect various wire LANs. Transmission speeds may vary from 2 to 100 Mbps. MDU -- Multiple Dwelling Unit -- MDUs include multiple-family buildings, such as apartment and condominium complexes. MMDS -- Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service – also known as wireless cable. The FCC established the Multipoint Distribution Service (MDS) in 1972. Originally, the Commission thought MDS would be used primarily to transmit business data. However, the service became increasingly popular in transmitting entertainment programming. Unlike conventional broadcast stations whose transmissions are received universally, MDS programming is designed to reach only a subscriber based audience. In 1983, the Commission reassigned eight channels from the Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) to MDS. These eight channels make up the MMDS. Frequently, MDS and MMDS channels are used in combination with ITFS channels to provide video entertainment programming to subscribers. MVPD -- Multi-channel Video Programming Distribution -- The distribution of video programming over multiple platforms, such as cable and satellite. NPT -- a New Product Tier -- a cable programming service tier offered to subscribers at prices set by the cable operator. OCC -- Other Common Carrier -- A long-distance carrier other than the Company. 6 PCS -- Personal Communication Services -- PCS encompasses a range of advanced wireless mobile technologies and services. It promises to permit communications to anyone, anywhere and anytime while on the move. The Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) defines PCS as a “wide range of wireless mobile technologies, chiefly cellular, paging, cordless, voice, personal communications networks, mobile data, wireless PBX, specialized mobile radio, and satellite-based systems.” The FCC defines PCS as a “family of mobile or portable radio communications services that encompasses mobile and ancillary fixed communications services to individuals and businesses and can be integrated with a variety of competing networks.” PBX -- Private Branch Exchange -- A customer premise communication switch used to connect customer telephones (and related equipment) to LEC central office lines (trunks), and to switch internal calls within the customer's telephone system. Modern PBXs offer numerous software-controlled features such as call forwarding and call pickup. A PBX uses technology similar to that used by a central office switch (on a smaller scale). (The acronym PBX originally stood for “Plug Board Exchange.”) POP -- Point of Presence -- The physical access location interface between a LEC and an IXC network. The point to which the telephone company terminates a subscriber's circuit for long-distance service or leased line communications. PRI -- Primary Rate Interface -- An ISDN circuit transmitting at T1 (DS-1) speed (equivalent to 24 voice-grade channels). One of the channels (“D”) is used for signaling, leaving 23 (“B”) channels for data and voice communication. Private Line -- Uses dedicated circuits to connect customer's equipment at both ends of the line. Does not provide any switching capability (unless supported by customer premise equipment). Usually includes two local loops and an IXC circuit. Private Network -- A communications network with restricted (controlled) access usually made up of private lines (with some PBX switching). RCA –– Regulatory Commission Of Alaska -- A state regulatory body empowered to establish and enforce rules and regulations governing public utility companies and others, such as the Company, within the State of Alaska (sometimes referred to as Public Service Commissions, or PSCs, or Public Utility Commissions, or PUCs). Previously known as the Alaska Public Utilities Commission (APUC). Reciprocal Compensation -- The same compensation of a new CLEC for termination of a local call by the ILEC on its network, as the new competitor pays the ILEC for termination of local calls on the ILEC network. SchoolAccess -- The Company’s Internet and related services offering to schools in Alaska. The federal mandate through the 1996 Telecom Act to provide universal service resulted in schools across Alaska qualifying for varying levels of discounts to support the provision of Internet services. The Universal Service Administrative Company through its Schools and Libraries Division administers this federal program. SDN -- Software Defined Network -- A switched long-distance service for very large users with multiple locations. Instead of putting together their own network, large users can get special usage rates for calls carried on regular switched long-distance lines. Securities Reform Act – The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Senior Holdings Loan -- Holding’s $225,000,000 credit facility. On November 1, 2002 we closed a $225.0 million bank facility to refinance the previously outstanding Holding’s loans ($120.1 million) and the Alaska United loan ($60.0 million) facility. The Senior Holdings Loan includes a term loan of $175.0 million and a revolving credit facility of $50.0 million. The Senior Facility matures on November 1, 2004 and bears interest at 7 LIBOR plus 6.50%. You should see note 6(b) to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information. SMATV -- Satellite Master Antenna Television -- (also known as “private cable systems”) are multichannel video programming distribution systems that serve residential, multiple-dwelling units (“MDUs”), and various other buildings and complexes. A SMATV system typically offers the same type of programming as a cable system, and the operation of a SMATV system largely resembles that of a cable system -- a satellite dish receives the programming signals, equipment processes the signals, and wires distribute the programming to individual dwelling units. The primary difference between the two is that a SMATV system typically is an unfranchised, stand-alone system that serves a single building or complex, or a small number of buildings or complexes in relatively close proximity to each other. SONET -- Synchronous Optical Network -- A 1984 standard for optical fiber transmission on the public network. 52 mbps to 13.22 Gigabits per second, effective for ISDN services including Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Sprint -- Sprint Corporation -- one of our significant customers. TCP/IP -- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol -- A suite of network protocols that allows computers with different architectures and operating system software to communicate with other computers on the Internet. T-1 -- A data communications circuit capable of transmitting data at 1.5 Mbps. Tariff -- The schedule of rates and regulations set by communications common carriers and filed with the appropriate federal and state regulatory agencies; the published official list of charges, terms and conditions governing provision of a specific communications service or facility, which functions in lieu of a contract between the subscriber or user and the supplier or carrier. UNE -- Unbundled Network Element -- A discrete piece part of a telephone network. Unbundled network elements are the basic network functions, i.e., the piece parts needed to provide a full range of telecommunications services. They are physical facilities as well as all the features, and capabilities provided by those facilities. VSAT -- Very Small Aperture Terminal -- A portable satellite terminal that allows connection via a satellite link. WAN -- Wide Area Network – A remote computer communications system. WANs allow file sharing among geographically distributed workgroups (typically at higher cost and slower speed than LANs or MANs). WANs typically use common carriers' circuits and networks. WANs may serve as a customized communication backbone that interconnects all of an organization's local networks with communications trunks that are designed to be appropriate for anticipated communication rates and volumes between nodes. World Wide Web or Web -- A collection of computer systems supporting a communications protocol that permits multi-media presentation of information over the Internet. WorldCom -- WorldCom, Inc. -- owns approximately 9% of our common stock, presently has one representative on our Board, and is a major customer. Prior to May 1, 2000, the Company was named MCI WorldCom, Inc. On July 21, 2002 WorldCom and substantially all of its active U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court. You should see note 11 to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information. 1984 Cable Act -- The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984. 8 1992 Cable Act -- The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992. 1996 Telecom Act -- The Telecommunications Act of 1996 – The 1996 Telecom Act was signed into law February 8, 1996. Under its provisions, BOCs were allowed to immediately begin manufacturing, research and development; GTE Corp. could begin providing interexchange services through its telephone companies nationwide; laws in 27 states that foreclosed competition were knocked down; co-carrier status for CLECs was ratified; and the physical collocation of competitors' facilities in LECs central offices was allowed. The legislation breaks down the old barriers that prevented three groups of companies, the LECs, including the BOCs, the long-distance carriers, and the cable TV operators, from competing head-to-head with each other. The Act requires LECs to let new competitors into their business. It also requires the LECs to open up their networks to ensure that new market entrants have a fair chance of competing. The bulk of the legislation is devoted to establishing the terms under which the LECs, and more specifically the BOCs, must open up their networks. The 1996 Telecom Act substantially changed the competitive and regulatory environment for telecommunications providers by significantly amending the Communications Act including certain of the rate regulation provisions previously imposed by the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 (the “1992 Cable Act”). The 1996 Telecom Act eliminated rate regulation of the cable programming service tier in 1999. Further, the regulatory environment will continue to change pending, among other things, the outcome of legal challenges and FCC rulemaking and enforcement activity in respect of the 1992 Cable Act and the completion of a significant number of FCC rulemakings under the 1996 Telecom Act. 9 Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements You should carefully review the information contained in this Annual Report, but should particularly consider any risk factors that we set forth in this Annual Report and in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC. In this Annual Report, in addition to historical information, we state our future strategies, plans, objectives or goals and our beliefs of future events and of our future operating results, financial position and cash flows. In some cases, you can identify those so-called “forward-looking statements” by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “project,” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. All forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, achievements, plans and objectives to differ materially from any future results, performance, achievements, plans and objectives expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In evaluating those statements, you should specifically consider various factors, including those outlined below. Those factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any of our forward-looking statements. For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Securities Reform Act. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include but are not limited to those identified below and those further described in Part I, Item 1. Factors That May Affect Our Business and Future Results. (cid:130) Material adverse changes in the economic conditions in the markets we serve and in general economic conditions, including the continuing impact of the current depressed telecommunications industry due to high levels of competition in the long-distance market resulting in pressures to reduce prices, an oversupply of long-haul capacity, excessive debt loads; several high-profile company failures and potentially fraudulent accounting practices by some companies; (cid:130) The efficacy of laws enacted by Congress; rules and regulations to be adopted by the FCC and state public regulatory agencies to implement the provisions of the 1996 Telecom Act; the outcome of litigation relative thereto; and the impact of regulatory changes relating to access reform; (cid:130) Our responses to competitive products, services and pricing, including pricing pressures, technological developments, alternative routing developments, and the ability to offer combined service packages that include long-distance, local, cable and Internet services; (cid:130) The extent and pace at which different competitive environments develop for each segment of our business; (cid:130) The extent and duration for which competitors from each segment of the telecommunication industries are able to offer combined or full service packages prior to our being able to do so; (cid:130) The degree to which we experience material competitive impacts to our traditional service offerings prior to achieving adequate local service entry; (cid:130) Competitor responses to our products and services and overall market acceptance of such products and services; (cid:130) The outcome of our negotiations with ILECs and state regulatory arbitrations and approvals with respect to interconnection agreements; (cid:130) Our ability to purchase network elements or wholesale services from ILECs at a price sufficient to permit the profitable offering of local telephone service at competitive rates; (cid:130) Success and market acceptance for new initiatives, many of which are untested; (cid:130) The level and timing of the growth and profitability of new initiatives, particularly local telephone services expansion, Internet (consumer and business) services expansion and wireless services; (cid:130) Start-up costs associated with entering new markets, including advertising and promotional efforts; (cid:130) Risks relating to the operations of new systems and technologies and applications to support new initiatives; (cid:130) Local conditions and obstacles; (cid:130) The impact of oversupply of capacity resulting from excessive deployment of network capacity; (cid:130) Uncertainties inherent in new business strategies, new product launches and development plans, including local telephone services, Internet services, wireless services, digital video services, cable modem services, digital subscriber line services, transmission services, and yellow page directories, and the offering of these services in geographic areas with which we are unfamiliar; 10 (cid:130) The risks associated with technological requirements, technology substitution and changes and other technological developments; (cid:130) Prolonged service interruptions which could affect our business; (cid:130) Development and financing of telecommunication, local telephone, wireless, Internet and cable networks and services; (cid:130) Future financial performance, including the availability, terms and deployment of capital; the impact of regulatory and competitive developments on capital outlays, and the ability to achieve cost savings and realize productivity improvements and the consequences of increased leverage; (cid:130) Availability of qualified personnel; (cid:130) Changes in, or failure, or inability, to comply with, government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations of the FCC, the RCA, and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings; (cid:130) Uncertainties in federal military spending levels and military base closures in markets in which we operate; (cid:130) The ongoing global and domestic trend towards consolidation in the telecommunications industry, which trend may be the effect of making the competitors larger and better financed and afford these competitors with extensive resources and greater geographic reach, allowing them to compete more effectively; (cid:130) The financial, credit and economic impacts of the WorldCom bankruptcy filing on the industry in general and on us in particular; (cid:130) A conversion of WorldCom’s bankruptcy petition to Chapter 7, unfavorable reaffirmation of our pre-filing contracts and agreements with WorldCom, or a migration of WorldCom’s traffic off our network without it being replaced by other common carriers that interconnect with our network; (cid:130) The effect on us of pricing pressures, new program offerings and market consolidation in the markets served by our major customers, WorldCom and Sprint; (cid:130) Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) 142, we must test our intangibles for impairment at least annually, which may result in a material, non-cash write-down of goodwill and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and shareholders’ equity; and (cid:130) Other risks detailed from time to time in our periodic reports filed with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement, and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak, only as of the date on which they were originally made and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in our expectations with regard to those statements or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict what factors will arise or when. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. 11 Item 1. Business Part I General In this Annual Report, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to General Communication, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. GCI was incorporated in 1979 under the laws of the state of Alaska and has its principal executive offices at 2550 Denali Street, Suite 1000, Anchorage, AK 99503 (telephone number 907-265-5600). GCI is primarily a holding company and together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, is a diversified telecommunications provider with a leading position in facilities-based long-distance service in the state of Alaska and is Alaska's leading cable television and Internet services provider. We are a significant provider in Alaska of an integrated package of long-distance, local and wireless telecommunications services, cable television services and Internet services and are well positioned to take advantage of growth opportunities in the communications, data and entertainment markets. Availability of Reports and Other Information Internet users can access information about GCI and its services at http://www.gci.com/, http://www.gcinetworksolutions.com/, and http://www.alaskaunited.com/. The Company hosts Internet services at http://www.gci.net/ and SchoolAccess services at http://www.gcisa.net/. We make available on the http://www.gci.com/ website, free of charge, access to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A and amendments to those materials filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically submit such material to the SEC. In addition, the SEC’s website is http://www.sec.gov/. The SEC makes available on this website, free of charge, reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC. Information on our website or the SEC’s website is not part of this document. Financial Information About Industry Segments We have four reportable segments: long-distance services, cable services, local access services and Internet services. For information required by this section, you should see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Also refer to Note 9 included in Part II, Item 8, Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Historical Development of our Business During the Past Fiscal Year 20th Year Anniversary Thanksgiving 2002 marked the 20th anniversary of the first long-distance call we carried on our network, bringing telecommunications competition to the State of Alaska. Properties Expansion We completed the first phase of a project in February 2002 to connect Palmer and Wasilla, Alaska to our fiber optic network in Anchorage. This phase connected our network in Anchorage to our Eagle River earth station and our Wasilla Call Center with fiber optic cable facilities. The second phase will connect and expand our facilities to provide cable and entertainment services to the Palmer-Wasilla area. We expect that work to be complete in early 2003. Upon completion, we will provide cable television programming content from our Anchorage head end facility to Palmer and Wasilla. 12 We purchased a second 5ESS digital host switch manufactured by Lucent Technologies to accommodate Anchorage area customer and traffic growth. We expect to place the new switch into service in 2003. We have similar Lucent 5E switches in Anchorage and Seattle, and smaller remote Lucent 5E switches in Fairbanks and Juneau. We shut down our Seattle, Fairbanks and Juneau Alcatel DSC DEX switches upon installation of the Lucent 5E switches. DEX is a trade name for an Alcatel (previously Digital Switch Corporation) electronic digital switching system. Cable Services Expansion We continued to upgrade and expand our cable infrastructure in 2002. These efforts increased the capacity and reliability of our systems, making possible further deployment of two-way applications such as cable modems and digital cable television programming, and provided capacity for additional program and service offerings. We continued to extend our digital cable service in the Anchorage, Juneau, Kenai and Soldotna, Alaska markets in 2002. Digital cable service allows us to use digital compression to substantially increase the capacity of our cable communications systems, improve picture quality and provide CD quality audio. Digital cable subscriber counts in all locations totaled approximately 30,500 in 2002, an increase of 24.3% as compared to 2001. To meet future bandwidth requirements in the Anchorage and Matanuska-Susitna valley markets, efforts began in 2002 to move all programming services above the basic service level to a digital platform. A plant upgrade for the Matanuska-Susitna valley system began in 2002 and is expected to be completed in 2004. Approximately 96.1% of our cable customers are able to receive cable modem service. Cable modems are deployed in approximately 19.1% of the homes passed by our cable systems in markets offering such service, which we believe is well above the national average. Cable modem services provide high-speed, dedicated access to the Internet through our coaxial cable network. We launched video-on-demand service to certain of our Anchorage commercial customers and added additional customers in 2002. This service passed 1,389 hotel rooms at December 31, 2002, an increase of 54.5% as compared to 2001. We initiated digital cable entertainment services in 2002 to 1,050 rooms at the Kuparuk Oil Field living quarters facilities in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. This service includes 100 channels of video, music and pay-per-view choices, including one Anchorage broadcast television station. Our Anchorage cable channel lineup was realigned in 2002, allowing us to begin swapping all of our existing analog boxes for digital boxes. Moving to digital allows us offer better service, more channels and better quality. We are also able to reclaim bandwidth for other services, including cable telephony, cable modems, and additional cable video services. We signed new seven-year retransmission agreements with five local Anchorage broadcasters and began up linking and distributing that programming to all of our cable systems. These agreements allow other locations in Alaska to receive local Anchorage broadcasting service in addition to programming received from non-Alaska markets, providing additional value to our cable subscribers and allowing us to differentiate our programming from that of our DBS competitors. We continue to evaluate technology and the feasibility of using our cable plant for telephone services that will enable us to deliver local telephone access services on our own network. Testing and design is underway with regard to chosen equipment, cable plant, power delivery, and operational support systems. Upgrades have been made to a node in our Anchorage plant to create a test deployment platform for cable telephony. Our upgraded cable plant node was certified compliant with DOCSIS 1.1 standards in 2002. 13 You should see Part I, Item 1. Business, Narrative Description of our Business - Cable Services, and Part I, Item 1. Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Cable Services Operations for more information. Local Access Services Expansion We had approximately 96,100 local access services lines in service in Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska at December 31, 2002, a 21.3% increase from December 31, 2001. In late 2001 we began selling GCI local services in Juneau with conversions beginning in the first quarter of 2002. We continue to evaluate expanded implementation of wireless local loop and cable telephony technologies. We filed a bona fide request with the ILEC, ACS of the Northland, Inc, in 2001 to negotiate rates and services in order to provide competitive local access services in Nenana, Ft. Greely, North Pole, Delta Junction, Kenai, Soldotna, Ninilchik, Homer, Seldovia and Kodiak, Alaska. The RCA has approved an interconnection agreement and GCI can now apply for approval to enter these markets, which must be granted by the RCA before we begin to provide local access services. You should see Part I, Item 1. Business, Narrative Description of our Business - Local Access Services, and Part I, Item 1. Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Telecommunication Operations for more information. Internet and Broadband Services Expansion We provided Internet service to approximately 70,700 dial-up subscribers at December 31, 2002, a 2.5% increase from December 31, 2001. We provided service to approximately 36,200 cable modem subscribers at December 31, 2002, a 36.7% increase from December 31, 2001. Approximately 96.1% of our cable customers are able to receive cable modem service. Cable modems are deployed in approximately 19.1% of the homes passed by our cable systems in markets offering such service, which we believe is well above the national average. Cable modem services provide high-speed, dedicated access to the Internet through our coaxial cable network. After significant plant upgrades to handle reverse feed and higher bandwidth requirements, we initiated cable modem services in 2002 in Petersburg, Wrangell, Cordova, Homer, Bethel, Nome, and Kodiak, Alaska. We initiated cable modem service in the Kenai and Soldotna, Alaska communities in 2002. All locations that implemented cable modems in 2002 use the new DOCSIS 1.1 platform. We also upgraded cable modem customers in the Wasilla, Alaska service area in 2002 to the DOCSIS 1.1 platform. We believe that we are the first company in North America to successfully deploy the DOCSIS 1.1 platform. This new non-proprietary platform allows us to provide a higher level of service, helps us eliminate network congestion and run a cleaner network that is more efficient to manage. It also protects customers from hackers and helps us reduce the risk of high speed internet theft. We increased the speeds of our DoubleUp and Gold cable modem product offerings in certain markets in 2002, at no cost to our customers. Our premium cable modem service, The Diamond service package, offers 2.4 megabits per second which is twice as fast as our competitor’s best package DSL offering. We began offering our PrudhoeNet dialup Internet service to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska oilfield workers in early 2003. We believe our product offers both lower price and high quality for oilfield workers who want to stay in touch with family, friends and business during their off work hours. Our SchoolAccess program was first deployed successfully in Alaska where we provide satellite-delivered voice, video and data services to many of the state’s rural communities. More than 80,000 Alaska students are now connected to the Internet with SchoolAccess. We provide e-mail service, a custom user interface, a help desk, onsite training, security, network optimization, network management, content filtering services and website hosting for 195 schools in rural Alaska using SchoolAccess, and provide Internet only services to approximately 14 100 additional schools. We signed three-year contracts in 2002 with each of the 64 Alaska schools that re-bid their SchoolAccess service. We provide our SchoolAccess services to nine school districts comprising 25 schools in rural New Mexico and Arizona, serving more than 10,500 students. We began providing SchoolAccess services to two school districts in Montana in the third quarter of 2002. During the 3rd Quarter of 2002, we launched our SchoolAccess Distance Learning Service (“DLS”) to approximately 80 rural Alaskan schools. SchoolAccess DLS allows schools to conduct two-way videoconferences by providing each of the six school districts with an autonomous videoconferencing network. Schools not only have the ability to videoconference within the district, but have the ability to conference with other schools or entities worldwide. SchoolAccess DLS also gives teachers and students access to a course management system that compliments the interactive service. Circuits for the service are provided over our broadband satellite network, and all of the hardware and software is included as part of the managed service. We continued to deploy high-speed broadband TeleHealth services in 2002 using an advanced satellite network to an additional 28 villages served by the Bristol Bay Health Corporation in the Dillingham, Alaska area; eight villages for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation in the Bethel, Alaska area; 16 villages for the Norton Sound Health Corporation in the Nome, Alaska area; and six villages in the Eastern Aleutian area. At the end of 2002 we provided TeleHealth services to approximately 70 western Alaska communities. This broadband service allows remote communities to access health specialists and others in Alaska and elsewhere for consultation and diagnostic services using a combination of video, voice and data services. We announced in 2001 our intent to provide Internet services to 152 Alaska communities that we currently serve by 2004. The estimated $15 million project will deliver high-speed Internet by cable modem, DSL and wireless technologies. A considerable expansion of facilities was made in 2001 to support cable modem Internet service launches in Valdez, Sitka, Nome and Seward, Alaska, and in Kenai and Soldotna, Alaska in January 2002. We deployed cable modem service in Wasilla/Palmer, Petersburg and Wrangell, Alaska by the end of the second quarter 2002; and Bethel, Cordova, Homer, and Kodiak, Alaska by the end of 2002. We believe the Kenai and Soldotna launches were the first U.S. deployment of a cable modem platform using the new DOCSIS 1.1 standard. This new standard supports tiered levels of service, provides quality of service measurement, and supports voice traffic over coaxial cable systems. We provide 56 kbps and 256 kbps high-speed Internet access services to 15 rural villages in the Northwest Arctic, Aleutian, and Yukon-Kuskokwim delta regions of Alaska. We deliver high-speed Internet services locally in the villages through the ILEC’s DSL service or our unlicensed 2.4 GHz band fixed wireless service. All long-haul transport is delivered through our satellite and associated facilities. You should see Part I, Item 1. Business, Narrative Description of our Business - Internet Services, and Part I, Item 1. Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Internet Operations for more information. PCS and LMDS Licenses We have invested approximately $1.79 million in our PCS license at December 31, 2002. In June 2000 we began providing fixed wireless dial-tone services in Anchorage over our PCS system, meeting the FCC requirement to provide coverage of a commercial offering to at least one-third of our market population within five years of being licensed. We presently offer our fixed wireless service to customers that are not connected to the ILEC or our physical plant. We have invested approximately $275,000 in our LMDS license. LMDS licensees are required to provide 'substantial service' in their service regions within 10 years. Contract Extension Our contract to provide interstate and intrastate long-distance services to Sprint was replaced in March 2002 extending its term to March 2007 with two one-year automatic extensions to March 2009. Beginning in April 15 2002 the new contract reduced the rate to be charged by us for certain Sprint traffic over the extended term of the contract. Yellow-Pages Directory We signed a contract in 2002 with Alltel Publishing Corporation to enter the directory listing and Yellow Pages market. The first directory will be distributed in the Anchorage market in December 2003. We expect to continue to expand our product offerings to other markets in 2004. Retail Store Expansion We opened new retail stores in 2002 serving our Wasilla and Anchorage markets. The new stores combine certain of our customer service and payment centers and allow customers to pay their bills, sign up for new services and experience our full range of products. GCI Fiber Communication System We reached a significant milestone in 2002 in our agreement with the company that operates the trans Alaska oil pipeline with the signing of a complex design document for fiber and satellite circuits to support the pipeline control system. These circuits operate the remote gate valves that stop the flow of oil in the event of an emergency. They require an extremely high level of availability and reliability. The complex design included eleven new earth stations and supporting equipment that are expected to be placed into service in 2003. E-Bill Service We launched an online bill presentment and payment service in 2002 at https://ebill.gci.com/. Over 27,000 accounts have signed up for the service through January 2003. E-Mail Guard Service We launched a virus and SPAM filtering service for our e-mail platform in July 2002. The service provides our e- mail users with a capability to quarantine unsolicited e-mail and suspected virus infected e-mail in a safe location. A highly customer-configurable service, it has been very well received and has significantly exceeded our 2002 acquisition forecast. Since we launched E-Mail Guard, an estimated 50 million e-mail messages have been intercepted and quarantined. In the first week of January 2003, E-Mail Guard prevented 1.8 million messages -- roughly 84 percent of the total volume of e-mail -- from clogging electronic in-baskets and infecting computers with viruses. Narrative Description of our Business General We operate a broadband communications network that permits the delivery of a seamless integrated bundle of communications, entertainment and information services. We offer a wide array of consumer and business communications and entertainment services--including local telephone, long-distance and wireless communications, cable television, consulting services, network and desktop computing outsourced services, and dial-up, broadband (cable modem, wireless and DSL) and dedicated Internet access services at a wide range of speeds--all under the GCI brand name. We believe that the size and growth potential of the voice, video and data market, the increasing deregulation of telecommunication services, and the increased convergence of telephony, wireless, and cable services offer us considerable opportunities to continue to integrate our telecommunication, Internet and cable services and expand into communications markets both within and, longer-term, possibly outside of Alaska. Considerable deregulation has already taken place in the United States because of the 1996 Telecom Act with the barriers to competition between long-distance, local exchange and cable providers being lowered. We believe our acquisition of cable television systems and our development of local exchange service, Internet services, broadband services, and wireless services leave us well positioned to take advantage of deregulated markets. 16 We are one of Alaska's leading providers of telecommunication, Internet and cable television services and maintain a strong competitive position. There is active competition in the sale of substantially all products and services we offer. Competition in the Communications Industry There is substantial competition in the communications industry. The traditional dividing lines between providers offering long-distance telephone service, local telephone service, wireless telephone service, Internet services and video services are increasingly becoming blurred. Through mergers and various service integration strategies, major providers, including us, are striving to provide integrated communications service offerings within and across geographic markets. Alaska Voice, Video and Data Markets We estimate that the aggregate telecommunications, cable television, and Internet markets in Alaska generated revenues in 2002 of approximately $1.1 billion. Of this amount, approximately $470 million was attributable to interstate and intrastate long-distance service, $350 million was attributable to local exchange services, $92 million was attributed to cable television, and $188 million was attributable to all other services, including wireless and Internet services. The Alaskan voice, video and data markets are unique within the United States. Alaska is geographically distant from the rest of the United States and is generally characterized by large geographical size and relatively small, dense population clusters (with the exception of population centers such as Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau). It lacks a well-developed terrestrial transportation infrastructure, and the majority of Alaska's communities are accessible only by air or water. As a result, Alaska's telecommunication networks are different from those found in the Lower 49 states. Alaska continues to rely extensively on satellite-based long-distance transmission for intrastate calling between remote communities where investment in a terrestrial network would be uneconomic or impractical. Also, given the geographic isolation of Alaska's communities and lack, in many cases, of major civic institutions such as hospitals, libraries and universities, Alaskans are dependent on telecommunications to access the resources and information of large metropolitan areas in Alaska, the rest of the U.S. and elsewhere. In addition to satellite- based communications, the telecommunications infrastructure in Alaska includes fiber optic cables between Anchorage, Valdez, Fairbanks, Prudhoe Bay, and Juneau, traditional copper wire, and digital microwave radio on the Kenai Peninsula and other locations. For interstate and international communication, Alaska is connected to the Lower 48 states by three fiber optic cables. Fiber optics is the preferred method of carrying Internet, voice, video, and data communications over long distances, eliminating the delay commonly found in satellite connections. Widespread use of high capacity fiber optic facilities is expected to allow continued expansion of business, government and educational infrastructure in Alaska. Long-Distance Services Industry Until the 1970s, AT&T had a virtual monopoly on long distance service in the United States. In the 1970s, competitors such as MCI (now WorldCom) and Sprint began to offer long distance service. With the gradual emergence of competition, basic rates dropped, calling surged, and AT&T’s dominance declined. More than 700 companies now offer long distance service. AT&T’s 1984 toll revenues were about 90% of those reported by all long distance carriers. The FCC’s regulation of AT&T as a “dominant” carrier ended in 1995. By 2000, AT&T’s revenues had declined to approximately 37% of those reported by all non-LEC long distance carriers. The two largest market entrants, WorldCom and Sprint, have obtained a 31% combined market share through 2000. Because of this competition, the cost of long distance calling dropped from 32 cents per minute in 1984 to 12 cents per minute in 2000. The average price of 12 cents per minute represents a mix of international calling (an 17 average of 47 cents per minute) and domestic interstate calling (an average of 9 cents per minute). The decline in prices since 1984 is more than 70% after adjusting for the impact of inflation. The FCC reports that more than twenty-three million households have been added to the nation's telephone system since November 1983. An estimated 1.5 million households were added between July 2001 and July 2002 as a result of an increasing number of households. As of November 2001, 102.2 million households had telephone service. The FCC reports that approximately 2% of all consumer expenditures are devoted to telephone service. This percentage has remained relatively constant over the past 15 years, despite major changes in the telephone industry and in telephone usage. Average annual expenditures on telephone service increased from $360 per household in 1981 to $877 in 2000. The FCC reports that an estimated 95.1% of households and virtually all businesses in the United States subscribed to telephone service in July 2002. Line growth over time, averaging about 3% per year, has historically reflected growth in the population and the economy. In recent years, the growth in lines has increased as households have added additional lines. The percentage of additional lines for households with telephone service has increased from approximately 3% in 1988 to about 27% in 2000, but decreased from 29% in 1999. The FCC reports that approximately $110 billion was derived from toll services in 2000. 102.2 million households had telephone services, an increase of 23 million households since 1983. Approximately $33 billion is derived from intrastate, $53 billion from interstate, and $24 billion from international toll services. Interstate long distance toll revenues increased 103% from $26 billion in 1984, and intrastate toll revenues increased 58% from $21 billion in 1984. International telecommunications has become an increasingly important segment of the telecommunications market. The FCC reports that international revenues increased over 500% from $4 billion in 1984 to $24 billion in 2000. The FCC reports that the number of calls made from the United States to other countries increased from 200 million in 1980 to 6.6 billion in 2000. On average, carriers billed 51 cents per minute for international calls in 2000, a decline of more than 60% since 1980. Five markets, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, Japan and Australia, are currently the top five destinations of U. S. activated circuits at December 31, 2001. The FCC’s year-end 2001 report reflected slow growth in the use of U.S. international-facilities for international calls and private line services from the United States. By service type, international message telephone service accounted for 16% of the total circuits used; international private line services accounted for 76% of total circuits; and the remaining 8% of total circuits were used for other data and video services. The percentage of idle circuits as compared to the total circuit capacity increased from 48% in 2000 to 56% in 2001. The United States Congress passed the 1996 Telecom Act that permitted the local phone companies, the long- distance companies, and the cable service firms to compete in each other's market. Its purpose was to move from a regulated monopoly model of telecommunications to a deregulatory competitive markets model. The 1996 Telecom Act has provided the telecommunications industry with new capabilities resulting in an industry that is more competitive than ever before. Advancements are expected to continue to combine wireline and wireless services directed toward voice communication with other activities such as data sharing, on-screen collaboration, faxing, Internet access, and game playing, among many other things. While the 1996 Telecom Act has facilitated competition and rapid growth in the telecommunications market, the last two years have been a tumultuous time for that marketplace. Industry analysts believe that overly optimistic projections of data growth spurred companies to invest large amounts of capital to boost network capacity. While demand for telecommunications services grew, it did not grow at a sufficient pace to justify the substantial build- out of fiber capacity. A wide gap between the supply of network capacity and the demand for data transmission occurred. Network owners refocused their efforts to demonstrate profitability over a much shorter time horizon than initially projected. A downward spiral ensued, as many telecommunications carriers went bankrupt after 18 failing to generate sufficient revenues to service their accelerating debt loads. The resultant slowdown in capital expenditures left equipment manufacturers with surplus inventory and personnel. Additionally, several companies appear to have resorted to financial deception to mask poor performance. This compounded the downturn by reducing confidence in the truthfulness of financial statements. Deteriorating conditions in the economy and in the telecommunications industry have led to reorganizations, mergers and divestitures. AT&T and Comcast Corporation finalized their combination of AT&T Broadband with Comcast in November 2002, in a transaction that values AT&T Broadband at an aggregate value of $72 billion (approximately $4,500 per subscriber). The resulting AT&T Comcast Corporation is expected to develop and deploy new broadband applications such as video-on-demand and interactive television. Industry analysts believe companies will be successful in the long-term if they can minimize regulatory battles and offer a full suite of integrated services to their customers, using a network that is largely under their control. Growth in data is expected to continue to be a key component of industry revenue growth. We believe that the data telecommunications business will eventually rival and perhaps become larger than the traditional voice telephony market. ISPs have become major customers and many long-distance companies have acquired ISPs and web-hosting companies. The U.S. House of Representatives in February 2002 adopted a measure that would allow LECs to offer long- distance data services without first opening their networks to competitors as they must under the 1996 Telecom Act. Local telephone carriers argue that the measure would accelerate the deployment of high-speed Internet service using DSL technology. These dominant carriers compete with cable companies for high-speed Internet access customers. Analysts report that cable operators have approximately 6.4 million subscribers compared to 3.1 million DSL customers. The U.S. Senate did not act on the measure before the close of the 107th Congress. To date, the bill has not been reintroduced in the 108th Congress. We believe that federal and state legislators, courts and regulators will continue to influence the telecommunications industry in 2003. Consummation of mergers between and spin-offs from long-distance companies, local access services companies, and cable television companies have occurred which blur the distinction between product lines and competitors. Synergies developed through mergers and acquisitions and obtaining end-to-end connectivity with customers is expected to continue to drive long-run profitability and success in penetrating new markets. General We supply a full range of common carrier long-distance and other telecommunication products and services. We operate a modern, competitive telecommunications network employing the latest digital transmission technology based upon fiber optic facilities within and between Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. Our facilities include a self-constructed and financed digital fiber optic cable and additional owned capacity on another undersea fiber optic cable, both linking Alaska to the networks of other carriers in the Lower 49 states. We use satellite transponders to transmit voice and data traffic to remote areas of Alaska. We operate digital microwave systems to link Anchorage with the Kenai Peninsula, and our Prudhoe Bay Earth Station with Deadhorse. Digital microwave facilities are also used to backup our fiber facilities from Anchorage to our Eagle River earth station, and to our Fairbanks earth station from our Fairbanks distribution center. Virtually all switched services are computer controlled, digitally switched, and interconnected by a packet switched SS7 signaling network. We provide interstate and intrastate long-distance services throughout Alaska using our own facilities or facilities leased from other carriers. We also provide (or join in providing with other carriers) telecommunication services to and from Alaska, Hawaii, the Lower 48 states, and many foreign nations and territories. 19 We offer cellular services by reselling other cellular providers’ services. We offer wireless local access services over our own facilities, and have purchased PCS and LMDS wireless broadband licenses in FCC auctions covering markets in Alaska. Products Our long-distance services industry segment is engaged in the transmission of interstate and intrastate-switched message telephone service and private line and private network communication service between the major communities in Alaska, and the remaining United States and foreign countries. Our message toll services include intrastate, interstate and international direct dial, toll-free 800, 888, 877 and 866 services, GCI calling card, operator and enhanced conference calling, frame relay, SDN, ISDN technology based services, as well as termination of northbound toll service for WorldCom, Sprint and several large resellers who do not have facilities of their own in Alaska. We also provide origination of southbound calling card and toll-free 800, 888, 877 and 866 toll services for WorldCom, Sprint, and other IXCs. We offer our message services to commercial, residential, and government subscribers. Subscribers may generally cancel service at any time. Toll, private line, broadband and related services account for approximately 53.5%, 53.5% and 60.4% of our 2002, 2001 and 2000 revenues, respectively. Broadband services include our SchoolAccess and Rural Health initiatives. Private line and private network services utilize voice and data transmission circuits, dedicated to particular subscribers, which link a device in one location to another in a different location. We have positioned ourselves as a price and customer service leader in the Alaska telecommunication market. Rates charged for our long-distance services are generally designed to be equal to or below those for comparable services provided by our competitors. In addition to providing communication services, we also design, sell, install, service and operate, on behalf of certain customers, communication and computer networking equipment and provide field/depot, third party, technical support, telecommunications consulting and outsourcing services through our Network Solutions business. We also supply integrated voice and data communication systems incorporating interstate and intrastate digital private lines, point-to-point and multipoint private network and small earth station services. Our Network Solutions sales and services revenue totaled $12.4 million, $16.3 million, and $9.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, or approximately 3.4%, 4.6% and 3.2% of total revenues, respectively. Presently, there are a number of competing companies in Alaska that actively sell and maintain data and voice communication systems. Our ability to integrate telecommunications networks and data communication equipment has allowed us to maintain our market position based on “value added” support services rather than price competition. These services are blended with other transport products into unique customer solutions, including managed services and outsourcing. Facilities Our telecommunication facilities include an undersea fiber optic cable connecting Whittier, Valdez and Juneau, Alaska and Seattle, Washington, which was placed into service in February 1999. We also own a portion of a second undersea fiber optic cable linking Alaska to the Lower 48 states. The fiber optic cables allow us to carry our Anchorage, Eagle River, Wasilla, Palmer, military base, Kenai Peninsula, Girdwood, Valdez, Whittier, Delta Junction, Prudhoe Bay, Glenallen, Healy, Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan, and Sitka, Alaska traffic to and from the contiguous Lower 48 states over terrestrial circuits, eliminating the one-quarter second delay associated with satellite circuits. We own other terrestrial fiber optic cables to transport our traffic from Anchorage to Whittier and from Whittier to Deadhorse, Alaska, including connectivity to intermediate communities of Valdez, Glenallen, Delta Junction, and Fairbanks. Other facilities include major earth stations at Eagle River, Kodiak, Dutch Harbor, Barrow, Bethel, Nome, Dillingham, Kotzebue, King Salmon, and Cordova, all in Alaska, serving the communities in their vicinity, and at Issaquah, Washington, which provides interconnection to Seattle and the Lower 48 states for traffic to and from 20 major Alaska earth stations. The Eagle River earth station is linked to the Anchorage distribution center by fiber optic facilities. We completed construction of a fiber optic cable system from the Anchorage distribution center to the Eagle River central office and to our major hub earth station in Eagle River in the second quarter of 2000. The Issaquah earth station is connected with the Seattle distribution center by means of diversely routed leased fiber optic cable transmission systems, each having the capability to restore the other in the event of failure. The Juneau earth station and distribution centers are collocated. We have digital microwave facilities serving the Kenai Peninsula communities. We maintain earth stations in Fairbanks (linked by digital microwave to the Fairbanks distribution center), Juneau (collocated with the Juneau distribution center), Anchorage (Benson earth station), and in Prudhoe Bay as fiber network restoration earth stations. Our Benson earth station also uplinks our statewide video service; such service is pre-empted when earth station capacity is needed to restore our fiber network between Anchorage and Prudhoe Bay. In 2002, we constructed 6-meter earth stations at Unalakleet, Mountain Village, and Ft. Yukon. These stations were constructed to support Distance Learning and Telemedicine networks and primarily serve surrounding villages. We use our DAMA facilities to serve 56 additional locations throughout Alaska. The digital DAMA system allows calls to be made between remote villages using only one satellite hop thereby reducing satellite delay and capacity requirements while improving quality. We obtained the necessary RCA and FCC approvals waiving current prohibitions against construction of competitive facilities in certain rural Alaska communities, allowing for deployment of DAMA technology in 56 sites in rural Alaska on a demonstration basis. In addition, over 90 Ku-band VSAT facilities, and 119 C-band facilities provide dedicated Internet access, Telehealth and private network services to rural public schools, hospitals, health clinics, and natural resource development industries throughout Alaska. Our Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau distribution centers contain electronic switches to route calls to and from local exchange companies and, in Seattle, to obtain access to WorldCom, Sprint and other carriers to distribute our southbound traffic to the remaining 49 states and international destinations. In Anchorage, a Lucent 5ESS digital host switch is connected by fiber to seven remote facilities that are co-located in the ILEC’s switching centers, to provide both local and long distance service. Our extensive metropolitan area fiber network in Anchorage supports cable television, Internet and telephony services. The Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau facilities also include digital access cross-connect systems, frame relay data switches, Internet platforms, and in Anchorage and Fairbanks, co-location facilities for interconnecting and hosting equipment for other carriers. We also maintain an operator and customer service center in Wasilla, Alaska. In 2001 we constructed a new switching center in Fairbanks and installed a new Lucent Technologies switch to enable the provisioning of local telephony services in the Fairbanks market. The existing Fairbanks long distance toll switch was decommissioned in December 2001. Substantially all toll traffic originating in Fairbanks is now routed to Anchorage. The first ILEC collocation office was also constructed during 2001 to enable access to a portion of the Fairbanks ILEC UNE loop facilities. Fairbanks UNE loop provisioning began in early 2002. Construction of a second collocation office was completed in 2002. We installed a new Lucent Technologies switch in our Juneau distribution center, also enabling local services to be launched in the Juneau market in 2002. This new switch also replaced the existing toll switch in Juneau, which we decommissioned in 2002. One collocation office and a second adjacent collocation facility were completed at two of the Juneau ILEC central offices. We placed these collocation facilities in service in 2002 enabling UNE loop access to a portion of the Juneau ILEC’s loop facilities. Our Alcatel DSC DEX switch in Seattle was also decommissioned in 2002 after its traffic was transitioned to our Lucent 5ESS switch in Seattle, which was placed into service in 2000. 21 Efforts continued in 2002 to decommission our digital operator platform. We expect to complete that work in early 2003 to enable its turndown and to migrate its operator traffic to our Anchorage Lucent 5ESS host digital switch. We plan to install a second Lucent 5ESS in Anchorage in 2003 that will enable the turndown and decommissioning of our Anchorage Alcatel DSC DEX toll switch as early as the fourth quarter of 2003. We completed construction and placed into service in February 1999 a fiber optic cable system that interconnects Anchorage, Whittier, Valdez, Fairbanks, Deadhorse and Juneau, Alaska and Seattle Washington. We also own a portion of a second undersea fiber optic cable that links Alaska with the Lower 48 states. The fiber optic cables allow us to carry our Anchorage, Eagle River, Wasilla, Palmer, Kenai Peninsula, Valdez, Whittier, Delta Junction, Prudhoe Bay, Glenallen, Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan, and Sitka area traffic to and from the Lower 48 states over terrestrial circuits, eliminating the one-quarter second delay associated with satellite circuits. Our preferred routing for this traffic is via undersea fiber optic cable, which makes available satellite capacity to carry our rural interstate and intrastate traffic. We employ satellite transmission for rural intrastate and interstate traffic and certain other major routes. We acquired satellite transponders on PanAmSat Corporation (“PanAmSat”) Galaxy XR satellite in March 2000 to meet our long-term satellite capacity requirements. We further augmented capacity on Galaxy XR with the lease of a seventh C-band transponder in October, 2002. As demand for redundant capacity on our network increases, we expect that we will need to further augment our facilities between Alaska and the Lower 48 states. We may lease or acquire capacity from others, or we may build another undersea fiber optic cable system. We completed design and sub sea survey efforts in 2002 for an additional undersea system as part of our planning process. Expenditures through the 2002 totaled $1.6 million and have been capitalized. We have not made a final decision as to whether we will construct additional capacity. Acquisition or construction of such additional capacity will be dependent upon our obtaining the necessary financing. In 2000 we began deploying a new packet data satellite transmission technology for the efficient transport of broadband data in support of our rural health and SchoolAccess initiatives. We continued to deploy and upgrade this network during 2002 and expect to further expand and upgrade this network during 2003. We employ advanced digital transmission technologies to carry as many voice circuits as possible through a satellite transponder without sacrificing voice quality. Other technologies such as terrestrial microwave systems, metallic cable, and fiber optics tend to be favored more for point-to-point applications where the volume of traffic is substantial. With a sparse population spread over a wide geographic area, neither terrestrial microwave nor fiber optic transmission technology is considered to be economically feasible in rural Alaska in the foreseeable future. Customers We had approximately 88,200, 87,900 and 88,600 active Alaska message telephone service subscribers at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Approximately 11,600, 12,200 and 12,200 of these were business and government users at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and the remainder were residential customers. Reductions in our business and government customer counts were primarily attributed to continuing competitive pressures in Anchorage and other markets we serve. Message telephone service revenues (excluding broadband, operator services and private line revenues) averaged approximately $11.6 million per month during 2002. 22 Equal access conversions have been completed in all communities we serve with owned facilities. We estimate that we carry over 45% of business and over 45% of residential traffic as a statewide average for both originating interstate and intrastate message telephone service traffic. A summary of our switched message telephone service traffic (in minutes) follows: Interstate Minutes For Quarter ended South- bound 1 North- bound March 31, 2000 June 30, 2000 September 30, 2000 December 31, 2000 143,659 149,095 157,993 129,091 69,678 67,754 73,802 76,202 Combined Interstate and Inter- national Minutes Calling Card Inter- national Minutes (Amounts in thousands) 1,577 2,847 1,610 2,616 1,698 2,493 1,429 2,467 217,761 221,075 235,986 209,189 Intra- State Minutes 37,414 38,546 39,329 35,729 Total Minutes 255,175 259,621 275,315 244,918 Total 2000 579,838 287,436 10,423 6,314 884,011 151,018 1,035,029 March 31, 2001 June 30, 2001 September 30, 2001 December 31, 2001 126,681 141,091 160,600 130,638 74,252 76,256 87,230 90,812 2,087 1,926 1,961 1,946 1,424 1,530 1,634 1,362 204,444 220,803 251,425 224,758 38,763 40,407 39,355 39,246 243,207 261,210 290,780 264,004 Total 2001 559,010 328,550 7,920 5,950 901,430 157,771 1,059,201 March 31, 2002 June 30, 2002 September 30, 2002 December 31, 2002 133,455 144,143 159,564 138,735 91,061 105,001 90,839 78,483 1,683 1,582 1,463 1,341 1,413 1,462 1,527 1,506 227,612 252,188 253,393 220,065 40,781 44,528 46,860 43,595 268,393 296,716 300,253 263,660 Total 2002 575,897 __________________________ 365,384 6,069 5,908 953,258 175,764 1,129,022 1 The 2000 Interstate Southbound minutes include traffic carried from Washington to Oregon by us on behalf of an OCC customer. The 2001 Interstate Southbound minutes include traffic that originates and terminates in Washington by us on behalf of an OCC customer. All minutes data were taken from our internal billing statistics reports. ___________________________ We entered into a significant business relationship with MCI (now WorldCom) in 1993 that included the following agreements, among others. (cid:130) We agreed to terminate all Alaska-bound MCI long-distance traffic and MCI agreed to terminate all of our long-distance traffic terminating in the Lower 49 states excluding Washington, Oregon and Hawaii. (cid:130) The parties agreed to share some communications network resources and various marketing, engineering and operating resources. We also carry MCI's 800, 888, 877 and 866 traffic originating in Alaska and terminating in the Lower 49 states and handle traffic for MCI's calling card customers when they are in Alaska. 23 Concurrently with these agreements, MCI purchased approximately 31% (approximately 9.1% as of December 31, 2002) of GCI's Common Stock and presently one representative serves on the Board. In conjunction with the acquisition of certain cable television companies in 1996, MCI purchased an additional two million shares at a premium to the then current market price for $13 million or $6.50 per share. WorldCom sold 4.5 million shares of GCI Class A common stock in 2002. Revenues attributed to WorldCom's message telephone traffic from these agreements (excluding private line and other revenues) in 2002, 2001 and 2000 totaled $54.7 million, $44.8 million, and $47.9 million, or 14.9%, 12.6%, and 16.4% of total revenues, respectively. The contract was amended in March 2001 extending its term five years to March 2006. The amendment reduces the rate to be charged by us for certain traffic over the extended term of the contract. On July 21, 2002 WorldCom and substantially all of its active U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court. See note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. In 1993 we entered into a long-term agreement with Sprint, pursuant to which we agreed to terminate all Alaska- bound Sprint long-distance traffic and Sprint agreed to handle substantially all of our international traffic. Services provided pursuant to the contract with Sprint resulted in message telephone service revenues (excluding private line and other revenues) in 2002, 2001 and 2000 of approximately $23.5 million, $29.7 million, and $20.1 million, or approximately 6.4%, 8.3%, and 6.9% of total revenues, respectively. The contract was amended in March 2002 extending its term five years to March 2007, with two one-year automatic extensions thereafter. The amendment reduces the rate to be charged by us for certain traffic over the extended term of the contract. With the contracts and amendment described above, we believe that WorldCom, subject to reaffirmation of our contract through the bankruptcy process, and Sprint, our two largest customers, will continue to make use of our services during the extended term. WorldCom was a major customer of our long-distance services industry segment through 2002. Sprint met the threshold for classification as a major customer through 1998, and met the threshold again in 2001. Other common carrier traffic routed to us for termination in Alaska is largely dependent on traffic routed to our carrier customers by their customers. Pricing pressures, new program offerings, revised business plans, and market consolidation continue to evolve in the markets served by our carrier customers. If, as a result, their traffic is reduced, or if their competitors’ costs to terminate or originate traffic in Alaska are reduced, our traffic will also likely be reduced, and we may have to reduce our pricing to respond to competitive pressures. We are unable to predict the effect of such changes on our business; however the loss of one or both of WorldCom or Sprint as customers, a material adverse change in our relationships with them or a material loss of or reduction in their long-distance customers would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We provide various services to BP Alaska, Wells Fargo Bank Alaska and Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. Although these customers do not meet the threshold for classification as major customers, we do derive significant revenues and gross profit from them. There are no other individual customers, the loss of which would have a material impact on our revenues or gross profit. We provided private line and private network communication products and services, including SchoolAccess private line facilities, to approximately 363 commercial and government customers in 2002. These products and services generated approximately 9.8%, 9.7% and 9.9% of total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Although we have several agreements to facilitate the origination and termination of international toll traffic, we have neither foreign operations nor export sales (see Part I, Item 1. Business, Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales). 24 Competition The long-distance industry is intensely competitive and subject to constant technological change. Competition is based upon price and pricing plans, the type of services offered, customer service, billing services, performance, perceived quality, reliability and availability. A number of our competitors are substantially larger than we are and have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have. In the long-distance market, we compete against AT&T Alascom, ACS, the Matanuska Telephone Association and certain smaller rural local telephone carrier affiliates. There is also the possibility that new competitors will enter the Alaska market. In addition, wireless services continue to grow as an alternative to wireline services as a means of reaching customers. Historically, we have competed in the long-distance market by offering discounts from rates charged by our competitors and by providing desirable packages of services. Discounts have been eroded in recent years due to lowering of prices by AT&T Alascom and entry of other competitors into the long-distance markets we serve. In addition, our competitors have also begun to offer their own packages of services. If competitors lower their rates further or develop more attractive packages of services, we may be forced to reduce our rates or add additional services, which would have a material adverse effect on our revenues and net income. Under the terms of AT&T's acquisition of Alascom, AT&T Alascom rates and services must mirror those offered by AT&T, so changes in AT&T prices indirectly affect our rates and services. AT&T's and AT&T Alascom's interstate prices are regulated under a price cap plan whereby their rate of return is not regulated or restricted. Price increases by AT&T and AT&T Alascom generally improve our ability to raise prices while price decreases pressure us to follow. We believe we have, so far, successfully adjusted our pricing and marketing strategies to respond to AT&T and other competitors’ pricing practices. However, if competitors significantly lower their rates, we may be forced to reduce our rates, which could have a material adverse effect on us. ACS and other LECs have entered the interstate and international long-distance market, and pursuant to RCA authorization, entered the intrastate long-distance market. ACS and other LECs generally lease or buy long-haul capacity on long-distance carriers’ facilities to provide their interstate and intrastate long-distance services. Another carrier completed construction of fiber optic facilities connecting points in Alaska to the Lower 48 states in 1999. The additional fiber system provides direct competition to services we provide on our owned fiber optic facilities, however the fiber system provides an alternative routing path for us in case of a major fiber outage in our systems. This carrier filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001 its assets were sold in 2002. In the wireless communications services market, we expect our PCS business license in the future may be used to compete against the cellular subsidiaries of AT&T Wireless Services, Inc. (“AT&T Wireless”) and ACS and resellers of those services in Anchorage and other markets. The wireless communications industry continues to experience significant consolidation. AT&T Wireless has acquired wireless companies and negotiated roaming arrangements that give it a national presence. Mergers and joint ventures in the industry have created large, well- capitalized competitors with substantial financial, technical, marketing and other resources. These competitors may be able to offer nationwide services and plans more quickly and more economically than we can, and obtain roaming rates that are more favorable than those that we obtain. We currently resell AT&T Wireless analog and digital cellular services and provide limited wireless local access services on our own facilities. AT&T Wireless has recently announced that it plans to exchange with Dobson Communications Corporation (“Dobson”) its Anchorage wireless properties for properties currently owned by Dobson in California. Our long-distance services sales efforts are primarily directed toward increasing the number of subscribers we serve, selling bundled services, and generating incremental revenues through product and feature up-sale opportunities. We sell our long-distance communications services through telemarketing, direct mail advertising, door-to-door selling, up-selling by our customer contact personnel, and local media advertising. 25 We expect competition to increase as new technologies, products and services continue to develop. We cannot predict which of many possible future technologies, products or services will be important to maintain our competitive position or what expenditures will be required to develop and provide these technologies, products or services. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on marketing and on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors affecting the industry, including new services that may be introduced, changes in consumer preferences, economic conditions, market and competitor consolidation, and pricing strategies by competitors. To the extent we do not keep pace with technological advances or fail to timely respond to changes in competitive factors in our industry and in our markets we could lose market share or experience a decline in our revenue and net income. Competitive conditions create a risk of market share loss and the risk that customers shift to less profitable lower margin services. Competitive pressures also create challenges to our ability to grow new businesses or introduce new services successfully and execute on our business plan. Each of our business segments also faces the risk of potential price cuts by our competitors that could materially adversely affect our market share and gross margins. Cable Services Industry The programmed video services industry includes traditional broadcast television, cable television, DBS systems, private cable operators, LEC entry, broadband service providers, wireless cable, open video systems, home video sales and rentals, Internet video, and electric and gas utilities. Cable television providers have added non- broadcast programming, utilized improved technology to increase channel capacity and expanded service markets to include more densely populated areas and those communities in which off-air reception is not problematic. Broadcast television stations including network affiliates and independent stations generally serve the urban centers. One or more local television stations may serve smaller communities. Rural communities may not receive local broadcasting or have cable systems but may receive direct broadcast programming via a satellite dish. Advancements in technology, facility upgrades and plant expansions to enable migration to digital programming are expected to continue to have a significant impact on cable services in the future. We expect that changing federal, state and local regulations, intense competition, and developing technologies and standards will continue to challenge the industry. The FCC has reported that although competitive alternatives continue to develop, cable television still is the dominant technology for the delivery of video programming to consumers in the MVPD marketplace. As of June 2002, 76.5 percent of MVPD subscribers received their video programming from a franchised cable operator, compared to 78 percent a year earlier. The total number of subscribers to both cable and non-cable MVPDs continues to increase. A total of 89.9 million households subscribe to multichannel video programming services as of June 2002, an increase of 1.8 percent over the 88.3 million households subscribing to MVPDs in June 2001. This subscriber growth accompanied a 1.2 percentage point decrease in MVPDs’ penetration of television households to 85.3 percent as of June 2002. The FCC reports that the number of cable subscribers grew to almost 68.8 million as of June 2002, up approximately 0.4 percent from 68.6 million cable subscribers as of June 2001. The total number of non-cable MVPD subscribers grew from 19.3 million as of June 2001 to 21.1 million as of June 2002, an increase of more than nine percent. This subscriber growth accompanied a 1.2% decrease in MVPDs’ penetration of television households to 85.3% as of June 2002, indicating that television households are increasing at a faster rate than MVPD subscriber growth. Although industry data reflect continued growth through June 2002, the FCC reports that a number of major cable system operators have experienced significant subscriber losses during this period and calendar year 2002 may be the first year in which the industry as a whole has had a net loss of subscribers. The FCC further reports that DBS subscribership has grown significantly and represented 20.3 percent of all MVPD subscribers as of June 2002. Between June 2001 and June 2002, the number of DBS subscribers grew from approximately 16 million households to approximately 18 million households, which is significantly higher 26 than the cable subscriber growth rate. The growth of DBS is still, in part, attributable to the authority granted to DBS operators to distribute local broadcast television stations in their local markets by the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999 (“SHVIA”). Continued DBS subscriber growth is expected as local programming is offered in more markets. See Part I, Item 1. Business, Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Cable Services for more information. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, cable prices rose 6.3 percent compared to a 1.1 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index between June 2001 and June 2002. The FCC reports that concurrently with these rate increases, the number of video and non-video services offered increased, and programming costs increased. As a converged platform, cable is a viable competitive alternative outside its traditional video space, not only in the broadband space as a competitor with technology such as DSL, but also in traditional telephony services. These developments continue to move forward and will be enhanced as voice becomes another application that is carried on data centric networks. The most significant convergence of service offerings over cable plant continues to be the pairing of Internet service with other service offerings. Cable operators continue to build-out the broadband infrastructure that permits them to offer high-speed Internet access. The most popular way to access the Internet over cable is still through the use of a cable modem and personal computer, though a small number of users continue to access the Internet through their television and a specially designed set-top box, rather than a personal computer. Virtually all of the major multiple system operators offer Internet access via cable modems in portions of their service areas. Like cable, the DBS industry is developing ways to bring advanced services to their customers. Many MMDS and private cable operators also offer Internet access services. In addition, broadband services providers continue to build advanced systems specifically to offer a bundle of services, including video, voice, and high- speed Internet access. We currently offer high-speed cable modem access in Anchorage, Bethel, Cordova, Juneau, Eielson Air Force Base, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Fairbanks, Fort Richardson, Fort Wainwright, Homer, Kenai, Kodiak, Nome, North Pole, Palmer, Petersburg, Seward, Sitka, Soldotna, Wasilla, Wrangell, and Valdez. The cable industry has expanded its competitive offerings to include business and residential telephone services delivered over its fiber optic infrastructure. Cable-delivered telephone service is a natural extension of a network already capable of delivering digital and broadband services and products. Once upgraded to a two-way capability, a cable system can offer telephone service over the same cable line that already carries digital video, high speed Internet, and other advanced services to consumers. The FCC reports that several cable multiple system operators continue to offer telephone service. Cable operators are beginning to deploy Internet Protocol (“IP”) telephony in addition to circuit-switched telephony offerings. Cable operators such as Cox and AT&T continue to deploy circuit-switched cable telephony. Circuit-switched service requires large capital expenditures for switching equipment in addition to facility upgrades. Others, like Cablevision and Comcast, continue to offer cable telephony where it has already been deployed, but generally are waiting for IP technology to become widely available before accelerating their rollout of telephone service. AT&T, AOL Time Warner, Comcast, Cox, and Charter are currently offering or continuing to test IP telephony products. Voice over IP is more modular and does not require the large upfront cost needed to deploy circuit-switched service. Voice over IP utilizes the data path already built, and is expected to allow for easy software changes and additions to service packages including innovative combinations of voice, data, and fax services. The National Cable and Telecommunications Association (“NCTA”) reports that cable-delivered residential telephone service subscribers totaled an estimated 2.5 million through December 2002, with analysts projecting 15.4 million subscribers in 2005. With digital transmissions and compression, cable operators are better able to offer a variety and quality of channels to rival DBS, with pay-per-view choices that can approximate video-on-demand. In 2000 we installed a commercial version of video-on-demand for the Anchorage hotel market and continue to evaluate the feasibility 27 of deploying this technology in the residential market. With this service, customers can access a wide selection of movies and other programming at any time, with digital picture quality. The FCC reports that consolidation within the cable industry continues as cable operators acquire and trade systems. Excluding mergers which involve the transfer and exchange of systems, twelve system transactions occurred during the first six months of 2002 affecting over 388,000 subscribers. The average dollar value per subscriber totaled $2,196 as compared to $4,872 per subscriber for the 36 transactions that occurred in 2001, affecting over 17.9 million subscribers. The ten largest operators served approximately 85 percent of all U.S. cable subscribers. In terms of one traditional economic measure, national concentration among the top MVPDs has decreased since last year as the largest MSOs continue to become more equal in size, and it remains below the levels reported in earlier years. DBS operators DirecTV and EchoStar rank among the five largest MVPDs in terms of nationwide subscribership along with three cable multiple system operators. As of June 2002, more than 52 million of the nation’s cable subscribers were served by systems that are included in regional clusters. The FCC reported that estimated 2002 total cable industry revenue reached $49.4 billion, an estimated 12.3% increase over 2001, and that revenue per subscriber per year reached approximately $716, an increase of 11.7% over 2001. Revenue growth in 2002 occurred primarily in the high speed Internet access, cable telephony and interactive services category (97.6% increase), the advanced analog and digital tier category (42.9% increase), and the pay-per-view category (15.1% increase). Revenues in the premium pay tiers category decreased 1.5%. The escalation of programming costs continues to adversely impact the economics of cable operators. Programming costs are reported to be the largest cost item for major system operators, and the fastest growing operating cost item for most. Operators face constant pressure to keep rate increases at a minimum. Over the past several years, operators have averaged annual rate increases in the 5% range; with escalating programming costs the most often cited principal cause. While many public-interest groups and press reports note that cable rates have increased at factors in excess of the general rate of inflation, cable rates are reported to have lagged national inflation on a per channel basis. The FCC reports that basic cable penetration as compared to homes passed was 66.9% at June 2002. Our overall penetration of homes passed was 62.2% at December 31, 2002 with individual systems ranging from 51.2% to 92.4%. In Alaska, cable television was introduced in the 1970s to provide television signals to communities with few or no available off-air television signals and to communities with poor reception or other reception difficulties caused by terrain interference. Since that time, as on the national level, the cable television providers in Alaska have added non-broadcast programming. The market for programmed video services in Alaska includes traditional broadcast television, cable television, wireless cable, and DBS systems. Broadcast television stations including network affiliates and independent stations serve the urban centers in Alaska. Eight, six and two broadcast stations serve Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, respectively. In addition, several smaller communities such as Bethel are served by one local television station that is typically a PBS affiliate. Other rural communities without cable systems receive a single state sponsored channel of television by a satellite dish and a low power transmitter. See Part I, Item I, Business, Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Cable Service for more information. General We are the largest operator of cable systems in Alaska, serving approximately 136,100 residential, commercial and government basic subscribers. Our cable television systems serve 33 communities and areas in Alaska, including the state's three largest urban areas, Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. Our statewide cable systems consist of approximately 2,230 miles of installed cable plant having 330 to 550 MHz of channel capacity. 28 Products Programming services offered to our cable television systems subscribers differ by system (all information as of December 31, 2002). Anchorage system. The Anchorage system, which is located in the urban center for Alaska, is fully addressable and offers a basic analog service that includes 18 channels and 2 additional analog tiers offering 33 and 6 channels. This system also carries digital service, offering enhanced picture and audio quality, over 20 digital special interest channels, 45 channels of digital music, and over 50 channels of premium and pay-per-view products. Pay TV services are available either individually or as part of a value package. Commercial subscribers such as hospitals, hotels and motels are charged negotiated monthly service fees. Apartment and other multi-unit dwelling complexes receive basic service at a negotiated bulk rate. Fairbanks, Juneau, Kenai, and Soldotna systems. These systems offer a basic analog service with 12 to 18 channels and an additional analog tier with 34 to 42 channels. These systems also carry digital service, offering enhanced picture and audio quality, over 18 special interest channels, 45 channels of digital music, and over 40 channels of premium and pay-per-view products. Sitka System. This location offers an advanced analog service with a 15 channel basic service, a 37 channel expanded basic service, five channels of premium service, four channels of pay-per-view and 32 music channels. Other systems. We own systems in the Alaska communities and areas of Bethel, Cordova, Homer, Ketchikan, Kodiak, Kotzebue, Palmer, Wasilla, Nome, Petersburg, Seward, Valdez, and Wrangell. These analog systems offer a basic service with nine to 15 channels and an expanded basic service with 35 to 49 channels. Several channels of premium service are also available in all systems. Music service is available in Ketchikan, Kodiak, Petersburg, Valdez and Wrangell. Pay-per-view is available in Homer, Ketchikan, Kodiak, Petersburg, Seward and Wrangell. Facilities Our cable television businesses are located in Anchorage, Palmer, Wasilla, Bethel, Chugiak, Cordova, Douglas, Eagle River, Eielson AFB, Elmendorf AFB, Fairbanks, Fort Greely, Fort Richardson, Fort Wainwright, Homer, Juneau, Kachemak, Kenai, Ketchikan, Kodiak, Kodiak Coast Guard Air Station, Kotzebue, Mount Edgecombe, Nome, North Pole, Palmer, Petersburg, Peters Creek, Saxman, Seward, Sitka, Soldotna, Ward Cove, Wasilla, and Wrangell Alaska. Our facilities include cable plant and head-end distribution equipment. Certain of our head-end distribution centers are co-located with customer service, sales and administrative offices. Customers Our cable systems passed approximately 197,000, 192,000 and 177,000 homes at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and served approximately 136,100, 132,000 and 120,400 basic subscribers at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Revenues derived from cable television services totaled $88.7 million, $76.6 million and $67.9 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Competition The 1996 Telecom Act removed barriers to telephone company or LEC entry into the video marketplace to facilitate competition between incumbent cable operators and telephone companies. At the time of the 1996 Telecom Act, it was expected that LECs would compete in the video delivery market and that cable operators would provide local telephone exchange service. The FCC reports that the four largest ILECs have largely exited the video business. A few smaller LECs continue to offer, or are preparing to offer, MVPD service over existing telephone lines. Our cable television systems face competition from alternative methods of receiving and distributing television signals, including DBS, wireless and private SMATV systems, and from other sources of news, information and 29 entertainment such as off-air television broadcast programming, newspapers, movie theaters, live sporting events, interactive computer services, Internet services and home video products, including videotape cassette and video disks. Our cable television systems also face competition from potential overbuilds of our existing cable systems by other cable television operators and alternative methods of receiving and distributing television signals. We believe our greatest source of competition comes from the DBS industry. Two major companies, DirecTV and Echostar are currently offering nationwide high-power DBS services. Due to the existing structure of satellite orbital slots, satellite transmission power and lack of local signals, competition from DBS providers has been limited. In the past, the majority of Alaska DBS subscribers were required to install larger satellite dishes (generally three to six feet in diameter) because of the weaker satellite signals currently available in northern latitudes, particularly in communities surrounding, and north of, Fairbanks. In addition, the satellites had a relatively low altitude above the horizon when viewed from Alaska, making their signals subject to interference from mountains, buildings and other structures. Recent satellite placements provide Alaska and Hawaii residents with a DBS package that requires a smaller satellite dish (typically 18 inches); however, a second larger dish is required if the subscriber wants to receive a channel line-up similar to that provided by our cable systems. In addition to the dish size and cost deterrents, DBS signals are subject to degradation from atmospheric conditions such as rain and snow. We expect the potential launch of new satellites, the addition of local stations, and the changing nature of technology and of the DBS business will result in greater satellite coverage and competition in Alaska. Several other cable operators provide cable service in Alaska. All of these companies are relatively small, with the largest having fewer than 1,500 subscribers. The extent to which our cable television systems are competitive depends, in part, upon our ability to provide quality programming and other services at competitive prices. Competitive forces will be counteracted by offering expanded programming through digital services and by providing high-speed data services. By December 31, 2003, system upgrades will be completed to make systems reverse activated, thus creating the necessary infrastructure to offer cable modem service to 99.5% of our homes passed. Over the succeeding two years, we expect to establish a digital platform in the majority of our systems. These plant upgrades combined with local broadcast programming are expected to provide an attractive product in comparison to competitive offerings. In 2002, seven-year retransmission agreements were signed with Anchorage broadcasters. These agreements provide for the uplink/downlink of their signals into all our systems, assuring local programming is available for the foreseeable future. High-speed data access competition takes two primary forms: cable modem access service and DSL service. DSL service allows Internet access to subscribers at data transmission speeds equal to cable modems over traditional telephone lines. Numerous companies, including telephone companies, have introduced DSL service and certain telephone companies are seeking to provide high-speed broadband services, including interactive online services, without regard to present service boundaries and other regulatory restrictions. Companies in the lower-49 states, including telephone companies and ISP's, have asked local, state and federal governments to mandate that cable communications systems operators provide capacity on their cable infrastructure so that these companies and others may deliver Internet services directly to customers over cable facilities. The FCC determined in March 2002 that cable system operators will not be required to provide such “open access” to others. See Part I, Item 1, Business, Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Cable Services for more information. Other new technologies may become competitive with non-entertainment services that cable television systems can offer. The FCC has authorized television broadcast stations to transmit textual and graphic information useful to both consumers and businesses. The FCC also permits commercial and non-commercial FM stations to use their subcarrier frequencies to provide non-broadcast services including data transmissions. The FCC established an over-the-air interactive video and data service that will permit two-way interaction with commercial and educational programming along with informational and data services. LECs and other common carriers also 30 provide facilities for the transmission and distribution to homes and businesses of interactive computer-based services, including the Internet, as well as data and other non-video services. The FCC has conducted spectrum auctions for licenses to provide PCS. PCS will enable license holders, including cable operators, to provide voice and data services. We own a statewide license to provide PCS services in Alaska. Cable television systems generally operate pursuant to franchises granted on a non-exclusive basis. The 1992 Cable Act gives local franchising authorities jurisdiction over basic cable service rates and equipment in the absence of "effective competition," prohibits franchising authorities from unreasonably denying requests for additional franchises and permits franchising authorities to operate cable systems. Well-financed businesses from outside the cable industry (such as the public utilities that own certain of the poles on which cable is attached) may become competitors for franchises or providers of competing services. Our cable services sales efforts are primarily directed toward increasing the number of subscribers we serve, selling bundled services, and generating incremental revenues through product and feature up-sale opportunities. We sell our cable services through telemarketing, direct mail advertising, door-to-door selling, up-selling by our customer contact personnel, and local media advertising. Advances in communications technology as well as changes in the marketplace are constantly occurring. We cannot predict the effect that ongoing or future developments might have on the telecommunications and cable television industries or on us specifically. Local Access Services Industry The FCC reported that end-user customers obtained local service by means of 167 million ILEC switched access lines, 22 million CLEC switched access lines, and 129 million mobile wireless telephone service subscriptions. Total CLEC switched access lines increased by 10% during the first half of 2002, from 19.7 million to 21.6 million lines. The FCC reported that CLECs provided 11.4% of the approximately 189 million nationwide switched-access lines in service at the end of June 2002, compared to 9.0% at the end of June 2001. The FCC further reported that slightly over half of reported CLEC switched access lines serve residential and small business customers, compared to over three-quarters of ILEC lines. CLECs reported 7.8% of total residential and small business switched access lines, compared to 5.5% a year earlier. During the first half of 2002, the FCC reported that cable telephony lines increased by 16% to 2.6 million lines, from 2.2 million lines at the end of June 2001. The 2.6 million reported cable-telephony lines constituted about 12% of switched access lines provided by CLECs and about 1% of total switched access lines. CLECs reported providing about 21% (a decline from 43% in December 1999) of their switched access lines by reselling the services of other carriers and about 50% (an increase from 24% in December 1999) by means of UNE loops leased from other carriers. The remainder of CLEC lines was provided over local loop facilities owned by the CLECs. Emerging from the new competitive landscape are CLECs who offer Internet access and data services to medium and large size businesses. They obtain interconnection agreements with ILECs for DSL-qualified unbundled network element loops. One loop, so qualified and equipped with appropriate access devices, enables the delivery of high speed (generally less than 768 kbps but sometimes faster rates), always-connected Internet access, LAN/WAN interconnectivity, and private line and private network circuits. Cable telephony deployments in the US continue to expand using proprietary, circuit switched technology. The standardized, packet (IP) technology made significant progress in 2002, however, significant deployments have not yet occurred. In 2002, more hardware became available that is DOCSIS 1.1 qualified, which provides quality 31 of service necessary for voice services. We continue to prepare for deployment of a cable telephony solution that meets our needs and the needs of our customers. Wireless local loop access technologies (other than fixed rate cellular telephone service), while developing for international applications, have not yet developed a significant market presence in the United States. AT&T Wireless' fixed wireless plan, called Project Angel – was test-marketed in the Anchorage area. Initially conceived as AT&T's proprietary strategy for bypassing local phone carriers, industry analysts believe AT&T reconfigured it to primarily deliver always-on high-speed Internet access at 512 kbps where the carrier lacks cable system facilities in markets such as Anchorage. AT&T Wireless announced in October 2001 that it intended to close its fixed wireless operations, citing the high cost of expanding a business that does not fit into the company’s core strategy. The telecommunications industry has been weighed down by regulatory uncertainty as a result of successive court reversals of the FCC’s core local competition rules. These court actions have left providers with little guidance about the network elements that will be available at regulated cost-based rates and have put at risk some current business plans that were developed around the challenged rules. The Supreme Court of the United States, on May 13, 2002, upheld the FCC’s rules, including the important pricing rules, in its Verizon Communications Inc. et al. v. Federal Communications Commission, decision. General Our local access services segment entered the local services market in Anchorage in 1997, providing services to residential, commercial, and government users. We can access approximately 92% of Anchorage area local loops from our collocated remote facilities and DLC installations. We can access approximately 71% of Fairbanks area and 48% of Juneau area local loops from our collocated remote facilities and DLC installations. Products Our collocated remote facilities access the ILEC’s unbundled network element loops, allowing us to offer full featured, switched-based local service products to both residential and commercial customers. In areas where we do not have access to ILEC loop facilities, we offer service using total service resale of the ILEC’s local service in Anchorage, and either total service resale or UNE platform in Fairbanks and Juneau. Our package offerings are competitively priced and include popular features, such as the following. (cid:130) Enhanced call waiting (cid:130) Caller ID on call waiting (cid:130) Anonymous call rejection (cid:130) Call forward busy (cid:130) Enhanced call waiting (cid:130) Follow me call (cid:130) Multi-distinctive ring (cid:130) Selective call forwarding (cid:130) Selective call rejection (cid:130) Speed calling (cid:130) Voice mail (cid:130) Non-listed number Intercom service forwarding (cid:130) Caller ID (cid:130) Free caller ID box (cid:130) Call forwarding (cid:130) Call forward no answer (cid:130) Fixed call forwarding (cid:130) (cid:130) Per line blocking (cid:130) Selective call acceptance (cid:130) Selective distinctive alert (cid:130) Three way calling (cid:130) Inside wire repair plan (cid:130) Non-published number Facilities In Anchorage we utilize a centrally located Lucent Technologies 5ESS host switching system, have collocated six remote facilities adjacent to or within the ILEC’s local switching offices to access unbundled loop network elements, and have installed a DLC system adjacent to a smaller, seventh ILEC wire center for access to unbundled loop network elements. Remote and DLC facilities are interconnected to the host switch via our diversely routed fiber optic links. Additionally, we provided our own facilities-based services to many of 32 Anchorage’s larger business customers through further expansion and deployment of SONET fiber transmission facilities, DLC facilities, and leased HDSL and T-1 facilities. In Fairbanks and Juneau we employ Lucent Technologies Distinctive Remote Module switching systems (5ESS) and have collocated DLC systems adjacent to the ILEC’s local switching office and within the ILEC’s wire center to access unbundled loop network elements. Customers We had approximately 96,100, 79,200 and 62,100 local lines in service from Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau, Alaska subscribers at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. We began providing local access services in Fairbanks in 2001 and in Juneau in 2002. The 2002 line count consists of approximately 52,700 residential access lines and 43,400 business access lines, including 7,900 Internet service provider access lines. We ended 2002 with market share gains in all market segments. Revenues derived from local access services in 2002, 2001 and 2000 totaled $32.1 million, $25.2 million and $20.2 million, respectively, representing approximately 8.7%, 7.1% and 6.9% of our total revenues in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Competition In the local access services market the 1996 Telecom Act, judicial decisions, and state legislative and regulatory developments have increased the likelihood that barriers to local telephone competition will be substantially reduced or removed. These initiatives include requirements that ILECs negotiate with entities, including us, to provide interconnection to the existing local telephone network, to allow the purchase, at cost-based rates, of access to unbundled network elements, to establish dialing parity, to obtain access to rights-of-way and to resell services offered by the incumbent local exchange carrier. We have been able to obtain interconnection, access and related services from the local exchange carriers at rates that allow us to offer competitive services. However, if we are unable to continue to obtain these services and access at acceptable rates, our ability to offer local telephone services, and our revenues and net income, could be materially adversely affected. To date, we have been successful in capturing a significant portion of the local telephone market in the locations where we are offering these services. The 1996 Telecom Act also provides ILECs with new competitive opportunities. We believe that we have certain advantages over these companies in providing telecommunications services, including awareness by Alaskan customers of the GCI brand-name, our facilities-based telecommunications network, and our prior experience in, and knowledge of, the Alaskan market. The RCA reports that there are 22 ILECs and five CLECs certified to operate in the state of Alaska. We compete against ACS, the ILEC in Anchorage, Juneau and Fairbanks. We also compete against AT&T in the Anchorage service area. AT&T offers local exchange service only to residential customers through total service resale. The RCA has issued an order terminating rural exemptions for the ILECs operating in the Fairbanks and Juneau markets and the markets served by ACS of the Northland, Inc., in Nenana, Ft. Greely, North Pole, Delta Junction, Kenai, Soldotna, Ninilchik, Homer, Seldovia and Kodiak, Alaska . ACS has appealed these decisions. The appeal has been argued before the Alaska Supreme court and a decision is pending. As described above, GCI has entered the Fairbanks and Juneau markets. GCI also filed a bona fide request with ACS of the Northland, Inc, in 2001 to negotiate rates and services in order to provide competitive local access services in its markets. The RCA approved an integrated Interconnection Agreement with ACS of the Northland, Inc. on January 31, 2003. GCI can now apply for an amendment to our certificate and the RCA must approve such amendment before we can begin to provide local access services in these additional service areas. We may file bona fide requests for interconnection and applications with regulatory agencies to provide local telephone service in other markets and in other locations in the future where we would face other competitors. You should see Part I, Item 1. 33 Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Telecommunications Operations – Rural Exemption for more information. We expect further competition in the Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau marketplaces, as DSLnet has received certification for various markets. The Company expects competition in business customer telephone access, Internet access, DSL and private line markets. We continue to offer local exchange services to substantially all consumers in the Anchorage, Juneau and Fairbanks service areas, primarily through our own facilities and unbundled local loops leased from ACS. Our local services sales efforts continue to focus on increasing the number of subscribers we serve, selling bundled services, and generating incremental revenues through product and feature up-sale opportunities. We sell our local services through telemarketing, direct mail advertising, up selling by our customer contact personnel, and door-to-door selling. You should see Part I, Item 1. Business, Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs – Telecommunications Operations for more information. Internet Services Industry Dial-up Internet service continues to be the most widely used method to access the Internet. As of July 2001, the FCC reported that 58% of the U.S. population had Internet access at home. As of year-end 2002, an estimated 75% of all Internet households were accessing the Internet using dial-up modems. Industry analysts project that telephone dial-up will remain the principal means of accessing the Internet until about 2006, when it is expected that 47% of Internet households will use dial-up access, with the remaining 53% accessing the Internet through broadband facilities, principally through the use of cable modems. The Internet continues to expand at a significant rate. The Internet Software Consortium reports that approximately 171.6 million web sites were hosted at the end of January 2003, an increase of 16.5% from 147.3 million at the end of January 2002. The FCC reported that high-speed lines (those that provide services at speeds exceeding 200 kbps in at least one direction) connecting homes and businesses to the Internet increased by 27% during the first half of 2002, from 12.8 million to 16.2 million lines, compared to a 33% increase, from 9.6 million to 12.8 million lines, during the second half of 2001. 14.0 million of the 16.2 million total lines served residential and small business subscribers, a 27% increase from the 11.0 million lines reported six months earlier. The FCC further reported that of the 16.2 million high-speed lines, 10.4 million provided advanced services, i.e., services at speeds exceeding 200 kbps in both directions. Advanced services lines increased 41%, from 7.4 million to 10.4 million lines, during the first half of 2002. Approximately 8.7 million of the 10.4 million advanced services lines served residential and small business subscribers. DSL is the most significant broadband competitor to cable modem service, with an estimated 6.7 million subscribers through December 2002. Industry analysts report that cable modem subscribers totaled an estimated 11.7 million through December 2002, an increase of 216% as compared to 3.7 million in 2000. Satellite technologies currently have less than one percent of the market and are not expected to appreciably increase market share over the next several years. The FCC reported that high-speed asymmetric DSL lines in service increased by 29% during the first half of 2002, from 3.9 million to 5.1 million lines, compared to a 47% increase, from nearly 2.7 million to 3.9 million lines, during the preceding six months. High-speed service using cable modems increased by 30% during the first six months of 2002, from 7.1 million to 9.2 million lines. By comparison, cable modem service increased by 36%, from nearly 5.2 million to 7.1 million lines, during the second half of 2001. 34 Cable modem Internet access has recently been able to maintain and widen its lead over DSL as the primary means of accessing the Internet in the United States over broadband networks. Industry analysts believe that a cable network upgrade is more efficient than is a DSL network upgrade, largely because of the individual local loops that must be provisioned for DSL, with central office proximity a severe mitigating factor. In contrast, cable networks are upgraded into smaller discrete nodes. Less costly and more efficient upgrades required for cable modem usage lead to greater scalability. Analysts believe that cable operators have more incentive to upgrade networks and have potentially higher returns due to the potential for new sources of revenue from digital cable, telephony and other products that are made possible from such upgrades. Industry analysts estimate that cable modems and DSL combined account for 95 percent of all business broadband connections in the United States. Their research suggests that United States businesses are likely to continue to adopt cable or DSL in the future and that total subscription may rise from more than 4.8 million business subscribers in 2001 to 15 million in 2006. In 2001, approximately 71 percent of business broadband subscribers were at-home workers. Analysts predict that at-home workers will continue to account for a significant portion of business subscribers, particularly in the case of cable modems, where availability is greater in residential areas. Industry analysts believe that broadband deployment will bring valuable new services to consumers, stimulate economic activity, improve national productivity, and advance many other objectives, such as improving education, and advancing economic opportunities. With an estimated 75 million cable households in the United States and an estimated 50 million of those owning a computer, broadband cable Internet access growth is expected to continue as new advanced services are deployed. General Our Internet services division entered the Internet services market in 1998, providing retail services to residential, commercial, and government users and providing wholesale carrier services to other ISPs. We were the first provider in Anchorage to offer commercially available DSL products. Products We primarily offer three types of Internet access for residential use: dial-up, fixed wireless and high-speed cable modem Internet access. Our residential high-speed cable modem Internet service offers up to 2.4 Mbps access speeds as compared with up to 56 kbps access through standard copper wire dial-up modem access. Our fixed wireless offers low speed 64 kbps and higher speed 256 kbps versions. We provide 24-hour customer service and technical support via telephone or online. The entry-level cable modem service also offers free data transfer up to five gigabytes per month and can be connected 24-hours-a-day, 365-days-a-year, allowing for real-time information and e-mail access. Cable modems use our coaxial cable plant that provides cable television service, instead of the traditional ILEC copper wire. Coaxial cable has a much greater carrying capacity than telephone wire and can be used to simultaneously deliver both cable television (analog or digital) and Internet access services. At the end of 2002 we launched a plan to increase the speed of our entry level cable modem level service from 256 kbps to 384 kbps for new and current customers. The project was completed in January 2003. We also adjusted the speed including data transfer for all of our cable modem packages to meet the demand for higher speed access. Additional cable modem service packages tailored to both heavy residential and commercial Internet users are also available. We currently offer several Internet service packages for commercial use: dial-up access, DSL, T1 and fractional T1 leased line, frame relay, multi-megabit and high-speed cable modem Internet access. Our business high-speed cable modem Internet service offers access speeds ranging from 384 kbps to 2.4 Mbps, free monthly data transfers of up to 30 gigabytes and free 24-hour customer service and technical support. Our DSL offering can support speeds of up to 768 kbps over the same copper line used for phone service. Business services also include a personalized web page, domain name services, and e-mail addressing. 35 We also provide dedicated access Internet service to commercial and public organizations in Alaska. We offer a premium service and currently support many of the largest organizations in the state such as the Conoco Phillips Alaska and the Anchorage School District. We have hundreds of other enterprise customers, both large and small, using this service. Bandwidth is made available to our Internet segment through our Alaska United undersea fiber cable and our Galaxy XR transponders as previously described. Our Internet offerings are coupled with our long-distance and local services offerings and provide free basic Internet services if certain long-distance plans are selected. Value- added Internet features are available for additional charges. We provide Internet access for schools and health organizations using a platform including many of the latest advancements in technology. Services are delivered through a locally available circuit, our existing lines, and/or satellite earth stations. Facilities The Internet is an interconnected global public computer network of tens of thousands of packet-switched networks using the Internet protocol. The Internet is effectively a network of networks routing data throughout the world. We provide access to the Internet using a platform that includes many of the latest advancements in technology. The physical platform is concentrated in Anchorage and is extended into many remote areas of the state. Our Internet platform includes: (cid:130) Circuits connecting our Anchorage facilities to multiple Internet access points in Seattle through multiple, diversely routed networks. (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) Multiple routers on each end of the circuits to control the flow of data and to provide resiliency. (cid:130) Our Anchorage facility consists of routers, a bank of servers that perform support and application functions, database servers providing authentication and user demographic data, layer 2 gigabit switch fabrics for intercommunications and broadband services (cable modem and DSL), and access servers for dial-in users. SchoolAccess™ Internet service delivery to over 195 schools in rural Alaska and 25 schools in Montana, New Mexico and Arizona is accomplished by three variations on primary delivery systems: In communities where we have terrestrial interconnects or provide existing service over regional earth stations, we have configured intermediate distribution facilities. Schools that are within these service boundaries are connected locally to one of those facilities. In communities where we have extended telecommunications services via our DAMA earth station program, SchoolAccess™ is provided via a satellite circuit to an intermediate distribution facility at the Eagle River Earth Station. In communities or remote locations where we have not extended telecommunications services, SchoolAccess™ is provided via a dedicated (usually on premise) DAMA VSAT satellite station. The DAMA connects to an intermediate distribution facility located in Anchorage. (cid:130) (cid:130) Dedicated Internet access is delivered to a router located at the service point. Our Internet management platform constantly monitors this router; continual communication is maintained with all of the routers in the network. The availability and quality of service, as well as statistical information on traffic loading, are continuously monitored for quality assurance. The management platform has the capability to remotely access routers, permitting changes in router configuration without the need to physically be at the service point. This management platform allows us to offer outsourced network monitoring and management services to commercial businesses. Many of the largest commercial networks in the State of Alaska use this service. GCI.net offers a unique combination of innovative network design and aggressive performance management. Our Internet platform has received a certification that places it in the top one percent of all service providers worldwide and is the only ISP in Alaska with such a designation. We operate and maintain what we believe is the largest, most reliable, and highest performance Internet network in the state of Alaska. 36 Customers We had approximately 71,700, 69,900 and 62,500 active residential and commercial dial-up Internet subscribers at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. We had approximately 36,200, 26,500 and 16,100 active residential and commercial cable modem Internet subscribers at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Revenues derived from Internet services totaled $15.6 million, $12.0 million and $8.4 million, in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, representing approximately 4.2%, 3.4% and 2.9% of our total revenues in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Our Internet services sales efforts are primarily directed toward increasing the number of subscribers we serve, selling bundled services, and generating incremental revenues through product and feature upsale opportunities. We sell our Internet services through telemarketing, direct mail advertising, door-to-door selling, up-selling by our customer contact and technical support personnel, and local media advertising. Competition The Internet industry is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to constant technological change. Competition is based upon price and pricing plans, service packages, the types of services offered, the technologies used, customer service, billing services, perceived quality, reliability and availability. As of December 31, 2002, we competed with more than seven Alaska based Internet providers, and competed with other domestic, non-Alaska based providers that provide national service coverage. Several of the providers have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. With respect to our high-speed cable modem service, ACS and other Alaska telephone service providers are providing competitive high-speed DSL services. Direct broadcast satellite providers and others could provide wireless high speed Internet service in competition with our high-speed cable modem services. Niche providers in the industry, both local and national, compete with certain of our Internet service products, such as web hosting, list services and email. Environmental Regulations We may undertake activities that, under certain circumstances may affect the environment. Accordingly, they are subject to federal, state, and local regulations designed to preserve or protect the environment. The FCC, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service, and the National Park Service are required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 to consider the environmental impact before the commencement of facility construction. We believe that compliance with such regulations has no material effect on our consolidated operations. The principal effect of our facilities on the environment would be in the form of construction of facilities and networks at various locations in Alaska and between Alaska and Seattle Washington. Our facilities have been constructed in accordance with federal, state and local building codes and zoning regulations whenever and wherever applicable. Some facilities may be on lands that may be subject to state and federal wetland regulation. Uncertainty as to the applicability of environmental regulations is caused in major part by the federal government's decision to consider a change in the definition of wetlands. Most of our facilities are on leased property, and, with respect to all of these facilities, we are unaware of any violations of lease terms or federal, state or local regulations pertaining to preservation or protection of the environment. Our Alaska United project consists, in part, of deploying land-based and undersea fiber optic cable facilities between Anchorage, Whittier, Valdez, and Juneau, Alaska, and Seattle, Washington. The engineered route passes over wetlands and other environmentally sensitive areas. We believe our construction methods used for buried cable have a minimal impact on the environment. The agencies, among others, that are involved in permitting and oversight of our cable deployment efforts are the US Army Corps of Engineers, The National Marine Fisheries Service, US Fish & Wildlife, US Coast Guard, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska 37 Department of Natural Resources, and the Alaska Office of the Governor - Governmental Coordination. We are unaware of any violations of federal, state or local regulations or permits pertaining to preservation or protection of the environment. In the course of operating the cable television and telecommunications systems, we have used various materials defined as hazardous by applicable governmental regulations. These materials have been used for insect repellent, locate paint and pole treatment, and as heating fuel, transformer oil, cable cleaner, batteries, diesel fuel, and in various other ways in the operation of those systems. We do not believe that these materials, when used in accordance with manufacturer instructions, pose an unreasonable hazard to those who use them or to the environment. Patents, Trademarks, Licenses, Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity, and Military Franchises We do not hold patents, franchises or concessions for telecommunications services or local access services. We do hold registered service marks for the Digistar™ logo and letters GCI™, and for the terms SchoolAccess™, Free Fridays for Business™ and Unlimited Weekends™. The Communications Act of 1934 gives the FCC the authority to license and regulate the use of the electromagnetic spectrum for radio communication. We hold licenses through our long-distance services industry segment for our satellite and microwave transmission facilities for provision of long-distance services. We acquired a license for use of a 30-MHz block of spectrum for providing PCS services in Alaska. We are required by the FCC to provide adequate broadband PCS service to at least two-thirds of the population in our licensed areas within ten years of being licensed. The PCS license has an initial duration of 10 years. At the end of the license period, a renewal application must be filed. We believe renewal will generally be granted on a routine basis upon showing of compliance with FCC regulations and continuing service to the public. Licenses may be revoked and license renewal applications may be denied for cause. We expect to renew the PCS license for an additional 10-year term under FCC rules. We acquired a LMDS license in 1998 for use of a 150-MHz block of spectrum in the 28 GHz Ka-band for providing wireless services. The LMDS license has an initial duration of 10 years. Within 10 years, licensees will be required to provide 'substantial service' in their service regions. Our operations may require additional licenses in the future. Earth stations are licensed generally for 10 years. The FCC also issues a single blanket license for a large number of technically identical earth stations (e.g., VSATs). Applications for transfer of control of 15 certificates of public convenience and necessity held by the acquired cable companies were approved in an RCA order dated September 23, 1996, with transfers to be effective on October 31, 1996. Such transfer of control allowed us to take control and operate the cable systems of the acquired cable companies located in Alaska. The approval of the transfer of these 15 certificates of public convenience and necessity is not required under federal law, with one area of limited exception. The cable companies operate in part using several radio-band frequencies licensed through the FCC. These certificates were transferred to us before October 31, 1996. Application for transfer of control of two certificates of public convenience and necessity associated with the acquired GC Cablevision, Inc. assets and the Rogers American Cablesystems, Inc. (“Rogers”) cable companies were approved in RCA orders in 2001. The certificates were transferred to us following closing of the transactions. We obtained consent of the military commanders at the military bases serviced by the acquired cable systems to the assignment of the respective franchises for those bases. 38 Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs The following summary of regulatory developments and legislation does not purport to describe all present and proposed federal, state, and local regulation and legislation affecting our businesses. Other existing federal and state regulations are currently the subject of judicial proceedings, legislative hearings and administrative proposals that could change, in varying degrees, the manner in which these industries operate. We cannot predict at this time the outcome of these proceedings and legislation, their impact on the industries in which we operate, or their impact on us. Every two years, the FCC is required (1) to review its rules governing telecommunications service providers and broadcast ownership, (2) to determine whether economic competition has made those rules unnecessary in the public interest, and (3) to modify or repeal any such regulations. On September 18, 2000, the FCC issued its Staff Report summarizing extensive review of the rules and recommending that no further changes in the broadcast and crossownership rules were warranted at that time. On December 29, 2000, the FCC adopted its 1998 Biennial Review Regulatory Report and left ownership rules unchanged. This report stated that the FCC would institute a proceeding on modification of the newspaper/broadcast crossownership rule. That occurred on September 13, 2001, in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to consider the rule's fate. The next Biennial Review began in 2001. Before taking action on this proceeding, however, the FCC released a notice of proposed rulemaking on September 23, 2002, to conduct a comprehensive Biennial Review of the FCC’s media ownership policies (the “third Biennial Review”). The 2001 Biennial Review was consolidated with the third Biennial Review. In connection with the third Biennial Review, the FCC also commissioned and released a series of empirical studies examining the current media marketplace. Comments were filed on January 2, 2003, and replies were filed on February 3, 2003. Telecommunications Operations General. We are subject to regulation by the FCC and by the RCA as a non-dominant provider of long-distance services. We file tariffs with the FCC for interstate access and operator services, and limited international long- distance services, subject to the FCC’s mandatory detariffing policies, and with the RCA for intrastate service. Such tariffs routinely become effective without intervention by the FCC, RCA or other third parties since we are a non-dominant carrier. Military franchise requirements also affect our ability to provide telecommunications and cable television services to military bases. Our success in the local telephone market depends on our continued ability to obtain interconnection, access and related services on terms that are just and reasonable and that are based on the cost of providing these services. Our local telephone services business faces the risk of the impact of implementing current regulations and legislation, unfavorable changes in regulation or legislation, or the introduction of new regulations. Our ability to enter into the local telephone market depends on our negotiation or arbitration with ILECs to allow interconnection to the carrier’s existing local telephone network, to allow the purchase, at cost-based rates, of access to unbundled network elements, to establish dialing parity, to obtain access to rights-of-way and to resell services offered by the local exchange carrier. We have in the past been successful in these arbitration proceedings as to the material terms, including prices and technical and competitive issues. Future arbitration proceedings with respect to new or existing markets could result in a change in our cost of serving these markets via ILEC facilities or via wholesale offerings. The FCC, the courts of the state of Alaska, the Federal District Court of Alaska and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals also have before them several appeals by one of our competitors relating to the interpretation by the RCA, of various provisions of the 1996 Telecom Act. These appeals include the provisions and FCC regulations dealing with the pricing of unbundled network elements, including the results of arbitration proceedings before the RCA and the decision of the RCA to remove an exemption from certain of its rules available to ACS known as the “rural exemption.” We have been largely successful in the appeals of these arbitration proceedings as to the material terms, including prices and technical issues, through the current stages. These appeals could also result in a change in our costs of serving new and existing markets via ILEC facilities or via wholesale offerings. 39 We have recently qualified under FCC regulations as an “eligible telecommunications carrier” (“ETC”), with respect to our provision of local telephone service in Fairbanks and Juneau. ETCs are entitled to receive a subsidy paid by the Universal Service Fund. If we do not continue to qualify for this status in Fairbanks and Juneau or if we do not qualify for this status in rural areas where we propose to offer new services, we would not receive this subsidy and our net cost of providing local telephone services in these areas could be materially adversely impacted. We received approval from the RCA in February 1997 permitting us to provide local access services throughout ACS’s existing Anchorage service area, and in July 1999 permitting us to provide local access services in ACS’s existing service areas in Fairbanks, Juneau, Ft. Wainwright and Eielson Air Force Base service areas. We filed a bona fide request with the ILEC, ACS of the Northland, Inc., in 2001 to negotiate rates and services in order to provide competitive local access services in Nenana, Ft. Greely, North Pole, Delta Junction, Kenai, Soldotna, Ninilchik, Homer, Seldovia and Kodiak, Alaska. The request has been negotiated in part, and arbitrated in part before the RCA under the terms of the 1996 Telecom Act and an integrated Interconnection Agreement has been approved. GCI can now apply for an amendment to our certificate and the RCA must approve such amendment before we can begin to provide local access services in these additional service areas. The 1996 Telecom Act preempts state statutes and regulations that restrict the provision of competitive local telecommunications services. State commissions can, however, impose reasonable terms and conditions upon the provision of telecommunications service within their respective states. Because we are authorized to offer local access services, we are regulated as a CLEC by the RCA. In addition, we will be subject to other regulatory requirements, including certain requirements imposed by the 1996 Telecom Act on all LECs, which requirements include permitting resale of LEC services, local number portability, dialing parity, and reciprocal compensation. As a PCS and LMDS licensee, we are subject to regulation by the FCC, and must comply with certain build-out and other conditions of the license, as well as with the FCC's regulations governing the PCS and LMDS services. On a more limited basis, we may be subject to certain regulatory oversight by the RCA (e.g., in the areas of consumer protection), although states are not permitted to regulate the rates of PCS, LMDS and other commercial wireless service providers. PCS and LMDS licensees may also be subject to regulatory requirements of local jurisdictions pertaining to, among other things, the location of tower facilities. 1996 Telecom Act and Related Rulings. A key industry development was passage of the 1996 Telecom Act. The Act was intended by Congress to open up the marketplace to competition and has had a dramatic impact on the telecommunications industry. The intent of the legislation was to break down the barriers that have prevented three groups of companies, LECs, including RBOCs, long-distance carriers, and cable TV operators, from competing head-to-head with each other. The Act expressly prohibits any legal barriers to competition in intrastate or interstate communications service under state and local laws, and empowers the FCC, after notice and an opportunity for comment, to preempt the enforcement of any statute, regulation or legal requirement that prohibits, or has the effect of prohibiting, the ability of any entity to provide any intrastate or interstate telecommunications service. The Act requires incumbent LECs to let new competitors into their business. It also requires incumbent LECs to open up their networks to ensure that new market entrants have a fair chance of competing. The bulk of the legislation is devoted to establishing the terms under which incumbent LECs must open up their networks. The FCC’s Wireline Competition Bureau (previously known as the Common Carrier Bureau) has focused in recent years on adopting market-opening and universal service rules for the local exchange and long distance markets to provide meaningful opportunities for competition. The Wireline Competition Bureau has also focused on review of applications by BOCs to provide long distance service as well as review of telecommunications company mergers. In addition, they continue to consider regulatory reforms that could occur as competition in the provision of telecommunications services develops. 40 Enactment of the 1996 Telecom Act immediately affected local exchange service markets by requiring states to authorize local exchange service competition. Competitors, including resellers, are able to market new bundled service packages to attract customers. Over the long term, the requirement that incumbent LECs unbundle access to their networks may lead to increased price competition. Local exchange service competition has not yet occurred in all markets on a national basis because interconnection arrangements are not yet in place in many areas. The 1996 Telecom Act requires the FCC to establish rules and regulations to implement its local competition provisions. In August 1996, the FCC issued rules governing interconnection, resale, unbundled network elements, the pricing of those facilities and services, and the negotiation and arbitration procedures that would be utilized by states to implement those requirements. These rules rely on state public utilities commissions to develop the specific rates and procedures applicable to particular states within the framework prescribed by the FCC. These rules were vacated in part by a July 1997 ruling of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On January 25, 1999, the United States Supreme Court issued an opinion upholding the authority of the FCC to establish rules, including pricing rules, to implement statutory provisions governing both interstate and intrastate services under the 1996 Telecom Act and remanded the proceeding back to the Eighth Circuit for further proceedings. The Supreme Court also upheld rules allowing carriers to select provisions from among different interconnection agreements approved by state commissions for the carriers' own agreements and a rule allowing carriers to obtain combinations of unbundled network elements. On remand, the Eighth Circuit overturned various interconnection and pricing portions of the FCC regulations under the 1996 Telecom Act, but stayed the application of its pricing decision pending review by the Supreme Court of the United States. On May 13, 2002, the Supreme Court issued an opinion upholding the FCC’s pricing methodology and the requirement for ILECs to combine elements of their networks at the request of CLECs who cannot combine the elements themselves. The 1996 Telecom Act provides that registered utility holding companies and subsidiaries may provide telecommunications services, including cable television, notwithstanding the Public Utility Holding Company Act. Electric utilities must establish separate subsidiaries, known as "exempt telecommunications companies" and must apply to the FCC for operating authority. Like telephone companies, electric utilities have substantial resources at their disposal, and could be formidable competitors to traditional cable systems. Several such utilities have been granted broad authority by the FCC to engage in activities that could include the provision of video programming. A number of LECs, long-distance companies and others have appealed some or all of the FCC's orders. The effective date of the orders generally has not been delayed, but appeals can be expected to take a year or more to conclude. Some BOCs have also challenged the 1996 Telecom Act restrictions on their entry into long distance markets as unconstitutional. We are unable to predict the outcome of such rulemakings or litigation or the effect (financial or otherwise) of the 1996 Telecom Act and the rulemakings on us. The BOCs continue to challenge the substance of the FCC rules, arguing that the rules do not allow them to fully recover the money they spent building their networks. Critics are becoming increasingly vocal asking Congress to modify if not altogether rework the 1996 Telecom Act, citing a lack of competition in the local phone and broadband sectors. There is a lack of consensus on what changes are needed, however, or who is to blame for the Act's perceived failures. The strongest momentum appears to be in support of loosening regulations on ILECs so they can better compete in broadband, a move CLECs say could diminish local phone competition. Rural Exemption. ACS, through subsidiary companies, provides local telephone services in Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. The ACS subsidiaries are classified as Rural Telephone Companies under the 1996 Telecom Act, which entitles them to an exemption of certain material interconnection terms of the 1996 Telecom Act, until and unless such “rural exemption” is examined and not continued by the RCA. We requested that continuation of the rural exemption of the ACS subsidiaries relating to the Fairbanks and Juneau markets be examined. In January 41 1998, the APUC denied our request to terminate the rural exemption. The basis of the APUC’s decision was primarily that various rulemaking proceedings (including universal service and access charge reform) must be completed before the exemption would be revoked. Those rulemaking proceedings have been largely completed. On March 4, 1999, an Alaska Superior Court Judge determined that the APUC erred in reaching its decision to deny our request to provide full local telephone service in Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. This service would be provided in competition against the existing monopoly providers. Among other things, the Court instructed the APUC to correctly assign the burden of proof to the ILECs rather than us, as a requesting CLEC, and to decide on our requests to provide service in Fairbanks and Juneau based on criteria established in the 1996 Telecom Act. The Court stated “this must be accomplished cognizant of the intent of the 1996 Telecom Act to promote competition in the local market.” The Court remanded the case back to the APUC for proceedings leading to their ruling. On July 1, 1999, the APUC ruled that the rural exemptions from local competition for the ILECs operating in Juneau, Fairbanks and North Pole would not be continued, which allowed us to negotiate for unbundled elements for the provision of competitive local service. ACS requested reconsideration of this decision and on October 11, 1999, the RCA issued an order terminating rural exemptions for the ILECs operating in the Fairbanks and Juneau markets. ACS has appealed these decisions. The appeal presently is before the Alaska Supreme Court. On February 11, 2003, the Alaska Supreme Court heard oral argument. One of the principal issues in dispute concerns the assignment of the burden of proof. In accordance with instructions from the Alaska Superior Court, the APUC assigned the burden to ACS at the remand proceeding. At the oral argument, several Justices expressed concern with the assignment of the burden. At this time, we cannot reasonably predict what the outcome of the case will be or even what relief the Court might order if it were to find that the burden of proof was improperly assigned to ACS. An adverse decision from the Court, however, has the potential to disrupt our ability to provide service to our Fairbanks and Juneau customers over our facilities. We expect a decision from the Court within six months from the date of oral argument. In the end, we are confident that competition will be allowed to continue in Juneau and Fairbanks. On the basis of the rural exemption decision, we have arbitrated interconnection agreements with ACS for unbundled network elements for the provisioning of competitive local assess services in Juneau and Fairbanks. The RCA approved these interconnection agreements in October 2000. ACS has sought judicial review of these decisions. Internet Service Providers Regulated as Telecommunications Carriers. The FCC affirmed in a report adopted on April 10, 1998, that Internet service providers would not be subject to regulation as telecommunications carriers under the 1996 Telecom Act. They thus will not be subject to universal service subsidies and other regulations. Further, in August 1998, the FCC proposed new rules that would allow ILECs to provide their own DSL services through separate affiliates that are not subject to ILEC regulation. On November 18, 1999, the FCC decided to require ILECs to share telephone lines with DSL providers, an action that may foster competition by allowing competitors to offer DSL services without their customers having to lease a second telephone line. In a public meeting on February 20, 2003, the FCC indicated that it was eliminating the line sharing requirement by majority vote; however, the text of that decision has not been issued, so it is not possible to determine the scope of the decision at this time. We do not rely on line sharing in the provision of any of our services. Access Fees. The FCC regulates the fees that local telephone companies charge long distance companies for access to their local networks. In 2001, the FCC adopted a plan to restructure access charges for rate-of-return regulated carriers, which has the effect of shifting certain charges from IXCs to end users. The FCC is continuing to monitor the access charge regime and could consider other proposals that would restructure and could reduce access charges. Changes in the access charge structure could fundamentally change the economics of some aspects of our business. 42 Access to Unbundled Network Elements. The Supreme Court vacated an FCC rule setting forth the specific unbundled network elements that ILECs must make available, finding that the FCC had failed to apply the appropriate statutory standard. On November 5, 1999, the FCC responded to the Court's decision by issuing a decision that maintains competitors' access to a wide variety of unbundled network elements (the “UNE Remand Order”). Six of the seven unbundled elements the FCC had originally required carriers to provide in its 1996 order implementing the 1996 Telecom Act remain available to competitors. These elements are loops, including loops used to provide high-capacity and advanced telecommunications services; network interface devices; local circuit switching, subject to restrictions in major urban markets; dedicated and shared transport; signaling and call-related databases; and operations support systems. The FCC removed access to operator and directory assistance service from the list of available unbundled network elements. In addition, the FCC added to its list certain unbundled network elements that were not at issue in 1996. These elements include subloops, or portions of loops, and dark fiber loops and transport. The FCC later required ILECs to unbundle facilities used to provide DSL service. The FCC did not decide, but sought additional information on, the question of whether carriers may combine certain unbundled network elements to provide special access services to compete with those provided by the ILECs. In addition, on December 20, 2001, the FCC initiated its first triennial review of the rules governing unbundled network elements, to consider the circumstances under which ILECs are required to make parts of their network available to CLECs subject to the terms of the 1996 Telecom Act. While that proceeding was pending, the D.C. Circuit issued its decision in response to appeals of the UNE Remand Order. The D.C. Circuit remanded the FCC’s decision on unbundled network elements and vacated and remanded the FCC’s decision on unbundling facilities used to provide DSL service. The FCC incorporated its resulting remand proceeding into the pending Triennial Review. On February 20, 2003, the FCC adopted an order in the Triennial Review proceeding in a public meeting, in which the FCC reported changes to the rules governing unbundled network elements; however, the text of the order has not yet been released. The ability to obtain unbundled network elements is an important element of our local access services business, and we believe that the FCC's actions in this area have generally been positive. However, we cannot predict the extent to which the existing rules will be sustained in the face of additional legal action and the scope of the rules that are yet to be determined by the FCC. Recurring and non-recurring charges for telephone lines and other unbundled network elements may increase based on the rates proposed by the ILECs and approved by the RCA from time to time, which could have an adverse effect on the results of our operations. We are currently involved in arbitration to revise the interconnection rates and the terms in the existing interconnection agreement with ACS for the Anchorage service area. The cost-based methodology for determining these rates remains subject to the FCC’s continuing rulemaking authority, and future regulatory changes could adversely affect our operations. Universal Service. In 1997, the FCC issued important decisions on universal service establishing new funding mechanisms for high-cost, low-income service areas to ensure that certain subscribers living in rural and high-cost areas, as well as certain low-income subscribers, continue to have access to telecommunications and information services at prices reasonably comparable to those charged for similar services in urban areas. These mechanisms also are meant to foster the provision of advanced communications services to schools, libraries and rural health-care facilities. Under the rules adopted by the FCC to implement these requirements, we and all other telecommunications providers are required to contribute to a fund to support universal service. The amount that we contribute to the federal universal service subsidy will be based on our share of specified defined telecommunications end-user revenues. On December 13, 2002, the FCC revised the contribution methodology on an interim basis and required carriers to calculate contributions based on projected, rather than historic defined telecommunications end-user revenues. The FCC also issued a Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to consider adopting a revised methodology for determining carrier contributions to the universal service fund. Because of the pending change in methodology, we are uncertain about how the contribution will be set in the future. 43 The 1997 order also established significant discounts to be provided to eligible schools and libraries for all telecommunications services, internal connections and Internet access. It also established support for rural health care providers so that they may pay rates comparable to those that urban health care providers pay for similar services. The FCC estimates that first quarter 2003 net costs to be funded out of the Universal Service Fund will total approximately $1.5 billion. The fund administrator, based on their interstate end-user revenues, assesses local and long distance carriers’ contributions to the education and health care funds. The first quarter 2003 contribution factor is 0.072805. We contribute to the funds and are allowed to recover our contributions through increased interstate charges. Local Regulation. We may be required to obtain local permits for street opening and construction permits to install and expand fiber optic networks. Local zoning authorities often regulate our use of towers for microwave and other telecommunications sites. We also are subject to general regulations concerning building codes and local licensing. The 1996 Telecom Act requires that fees charged to telecommunications carriers be applied in a competitively neutral manner, but there can be no assurance that ILECs and others with whom we will be competing will bear costs similar to those we will bear in this regard. Reciprocal Compensation. The FCC had determined that calls to ISPs within a caller's local calling area were non-local. To support this conclusion, the FCC found that calls to ISPs are predominately interstate in nature because the calls ultimately extend beyond the ISP to websites around the world. However, in 2000 the D.C. Circuit Court rejected the FCC's analysis and found that the “mere fact that the ISP originates further telecommunications does not imply that the original telecommunication does not ‘terminate' at the ISP.” Accordingly, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated and remanded the FCC's ISP-Bound Traffic Order. The FCC, in response by its April 27, 2001 Order on Remand and Report and Order, (“ISP Remand Order”), explained why the reciprocal compensation requirements of Section 251(b)(5) of the 1996 Telecom Act do not apply to ISP-bound traffic. The FCC concluded that section 251(b)(5) is not limited solely to local traffic, but rather applies to all “telecommunications” traffic, except the categories specifically enumerated in section 251(g). The FCC concluded that ISP-bound traffic falls within one of the section 251(g) exceptions - “information access” - and is thus exempt from the section 251(b)(5) reciprocal compensation requirements. In order to retain jurisdiction over ISP-bound traffic, the FCC also found that such traffic is interstate in nature. The FCC in its ISP Remand Order established a new “hybrid” interim mechanism for intercarrier compensation of ISP-bound traffic that “serves to limit, if not end, the opportunity for regulatory arbitrage, while avoiding a market-disruptive ‘flash-cut’ to a pure bill and keep regime.” The FCC also held that in cases where carriers are not exchanging traffic pursuant to interconnection agreements before the adoption of the ISP Remand Order, such carriers would be required to exchange ISP-bound traffic on a bill and keep basis during the interim period. However, the FCC stated that the ISP Remand Order “does not alter existing contractual obligations, except to the extent that parties are entitled to invoke contractual change-of-law provisions.” Additionally, the FCC held that state commissions would no longer have authority to address ISP- bound traffic issues. On May 3, 2002, the D.C. Circuit vacated the FCC’s decision, finding fault with the FCC’s reliance on section 251(g); however, the D.C. Circuit did not vacate the ISP Remand Order. The FCC currently has a proceeding pending to consider issues of intercarrier compensation, including the delivery of ISP-bound traffic, in CC Docket No. 01-92. Cable Services Operations General. The cable television industry is subject to extensive regulation at various levels, and many aspects of such regulation are currently the subject of judicial proceedings and administrative or legislative proposals. In particular, FCC regulations limit our ability to set and increase rates for our basic cable television service package and for the provision of cable television-related equipment. The law permits certified local franchising authorities to order refunds of rates paid in the previous 12-month period determined to be in excess of the permitted 44 reasonable rates. It is possible that rate reductions or refunds of previously collected fees may be required of us in the future. Currently, pursuant to Alaska law, basic cable rates in Juneau are the only rates in Alaska subject to regulation by the local franchising authority, and the rates in Juneau were reviewed and approved by the RCA in October 2000. In addition, the FCC has recently adopted rules that will require cable operators to carry the digital signals of broadcast television stations. However, the FCC has tentatively decided that cable operators should not be required to carry both the analog and digital services of broadcast television stations while broadcasters are transitioning from analog to digital transmission. Carrying both the analog and digital services of broadcast television stations would consume additional cable capacity. As a result, a requirement to carry both analog and digital services of broadcast television stations could require the removal of popular programming services with materially adverse results for cable operators, including us. Should the FCC mandate dual carriage, we will carry the broadcast signals in both analog and digital formats. Principal responsibility for implementing the policies of the 1984 and 1992 Cable Acts, and the 1996 Telecom Act is allocated between the FCC and state or local franchising authorities. The FCC and state regulatory agencies are required to conduct numerous rulemaking and regulatory proceedings to implement the 1996 Telecom Act, and such proceedings may materially affect the cable industry. The FCC has the authority to enforce its regulations through the imposition of substantial fines, the issuance of cease and desist orders and/or the imposition of other administrative sanctions, such as the revocation of FCC licenses needed to operate certain transmission facilities used in connection with cable operations. The 1996 Telecom Act removed barriers to competition in the cable television market as well as the local telephone market. Among other things, it also reduced the scope of cable rate regulation and encourages additional competition in the video programming industry by allowing local telephone companies to provide video programming in their own telephone service areas. The 1996 Telecom Act required the FCC to undertake a number of rulemakings. Moreover, Congress and the FCC have frequently revisited the subject of cable regulation. Future legislative and regulatory changes could adversely affect our operations, and there have been calls in Congress and at the FCC to maintain or even tighten cable regulation in the absence of widespread effective competition. Subscriber Rates. The 1992 Cable Act authorized rate regulation for cable communications services and equipment in communities that are not subject to “effective competition,” as defined by federal law, which limited the ability of cable companies to increase subscriber fees. Most cable communications systems are now subject to rate regulation by local officials for basic cable service, which typically contains local broadcast stations and public, educational, and government access channels. Such local regulation is subject to the oversight of the FCC, which has prescribed detailed criteria for such rate regulation. Before a local franchising authority begins basic service rate regulation, it must certify to the FCC that it will follow applicable federal rules. In Alaska, the local franchising authority certified to regulate basic cable rates is the RCA. Under state law, however, the cable television service is exempt from regulation unless subscribers petition the state commission for regulation under the procedures set forth in AS 42.05.712. At present, the only community where regulation of the basic rate occurs is in Juneau. The 1992 Cable Act also requires the FCC to resolve complaints about rates for Cable Programming Service (“CPS”) tiers (other than programming offered on a per channel or per program basis, which programming is not subject to rate regulation) and to reduce any such rates found to be unreasonable. The 1996 Telecom Act eliminates the right of individuals to file CPS tier rate complaints with the FCC and requires the FCC to issue a final order within 90 days after receipt of CPS tier rate complaints filed by any franchising authority. The 1992 Cable Act limits the ability of cable television systems to raise rates for basic and certain cable programming services (collectively, the “Regulated Services”). 45 Rate regulation of non-basic cable programming service tiers ended after March 31, 1999. The 1996 Telecom Act also modifies the uniform rate provision of the 1992 Cable Act by prohibiting regulation of non-predatory bulk discount rates offered to subscribers in commercial and residential developments and permits regulated equipment rates to be computed by aggregating costs of broad categories of equipment at the franchise, system, regional or company level. We believe elimination of the cable programming service tier regulation affords us greater pricing flexibility. FCC regulations govern rates that may be charged to subscribers for Regulated Services. The FCC uses a benchmark methodology as the principal method of regulating rates for Regulated Services. Cable operators are also permitted to justify rates using a cost-of-service methodology, which contains a rebuttable presumption of an industry-wide 11.25% rate of return on an operator's allowable rate base. Cost-of-service regulation is a traditional form of rate regulation, under which a company is allowed to recover its costs of providing the regulated service, plus a reasonable profit. Franchising authorities are empowered to regulate the rates charged for monthly basic service, for additional outlets and for the installation, lease and sale of equipment used by subscribers to receive the basic cable service tier, such as converter boxes and remote control units. The FCC's rules require franchising authorities to regulate these rates based on actual cost plus a reasonable profit, as defined by the FCC. Cable operators required to reduce rates may also be required to refund overcharges with interest. The FCC has also adopted comprehensive and restrictive regulations allowing operators to modify their regulated rates on a quarterly or annual basis using various methodologies that account for changes in the number of regulated channels, inflation and increases in certain external costs, such as franchise and other governmental fees, copyright and retransmission consent fees, taxes, programming fees and franchise-related obligations. We cannot predict whether the FCC will modify these “going forward” regulations in the future. Anti-Buy Through Provisions. The 1992 Cable Act requires cable systems to permit subscribers to purchase video programming offered by the operator on a per channel or a per program basis without the necessity of subscribing to any tier of service, other than the basic cable service tier, unless the system's lack of addressable converter boxes or other technological limitations does not permit it to do so. The statutory exemption for cable systems that do not have the technological capability to offer programming in the manner required by the statute expired in December 2002. Our systems comply with these anti-buy through provisions. Cable Entry into Telecommunications. The 1996 Telecom Act creates a more favorable environment for us to provide telecommunications services beyond traditional video delivery. It provides that no state or local laws or regulations may prohibit or have the effect of prohibiting any entity from providing any interstate or intrastate telecommunications service. A cable operator is authorized under the 1996 Telecom Act to provide telecommunications services without obtaining a separate local franchise. States are authorized, however, to impose “competitively neutral” requirements regarding universal service, public safety and welfare, service quality, and consumer protection. State and local governments also retain their authority to manage the public rights-of-way and may require reasonable, competitively neutral compensation for management of the public rights-of-way when cable operators provide telecommunications service. Cable System Delivery of Internet Service. Although there is at present no significant federal regulation of cable system delivery of Internet services, and the FCC has issued several reports finding no immediate need to impose such regulation, this situation may change as cable systems expand their broadband delivery of Internet services. In particular, proposals have been advanced at the FCC and Congress that would require cable operators to provide access to unaffiliated Internet service providers and online service providers. The FCC rejected a petition by certain Internet service providers attempting to use existing modes of access that are commercially leased to gain access to cable system delivery. Some states and local franchising authorities are considering the imposition of mandatory Internet access requirements as part of cable franchise renewals or transfers and a few local jurisdictions have adopted these requirements. The Federal Trade Commission and the FCC recently imposed certain "open-access" requirements on Time Warner and AOL in connection with their merger, but those requirements are not applicable to other cable operators. 46 In June 2000, the Federal Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected an attempt by the City of Portland, Oregon to impose mandatory Internet access requirements on the local cable operator. In reversing a contrary ruling by the lower court, the Ninth Circuit court held that Internet service was not a cable service, and therefore could not be subject to local cable franchising. At the same time, the Court suggested that at least the transport component of broadband Internet service could be subject to regulation as a “telecommunications” service. Although regulation of this form of telecommunications service would presumably be reserved for the FCC (which has so far resisted requests for active regulation), some states may argue that they are entitled to impose “open-access” requirements pursuant to their authority over intrastate telecommunications. In addition, some local governments may argue that a cable operator must secure a local telecommunications franchise before providing Internet service. In response to the Ninth Circuit decision, the FCC has initiated a new proceeding to determine what regulatory treatment, if any, should be accorded to cable modem service and the cable modem platform used in providing this service. More specifically, the FCC notice seeks comment on the parameters the Commission should use in determining the appropriate level of access to cable networks for the provision of high-speed data services. The Ninth Circuit decision is the leading case on cable-delivered Internet service at this point, but the Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia reached a similar result in a May 2000 ruling, concluding that broadband Internet service was a cable service, but that multiple provisions of the 1996 Telecom Act preempted local regulation. A Federal district court in Florida recently addressed a similar “open-access” requirement in a local franchise and struck down the requirement as unconstitutional. There are other instances where “open-access” requirements have been imposed and judicial challenges are pending. On March 14, 2002, the FCC took steps toward ensuring a light regulatory touch on broadband services delivered through the use of cable facilities (such as our cable modem services). In a 3-1 vote, the FCC defined high-speed Internet over cable as an “information service” not subject to local cable-franchise fees, like cable service is, or any explicit requirements for “open access,” as telecommunications service is. The “information service” designation for cable broadband reportedly sends a strong signal that cable-Internet services will be able to continue to develop in a business environment that favors competition over regulation. The FCC traditionally hasn't regulated information services. Industry analysts believe the policy of regulatory restraint is particularly appropriate, given the strong competition among cable, satellite and digital-subscriber-line service via telephone lines. If regulators are allowed to impose Internet access requirements on cable operators, it could burden the capacity of cable systems and complicate our own plans for providing expanded Internet access services. These access obligations could adversely affect our profitability. LEC Ownership of Cable Systems. The 1996 Telecom Act made far-reaching changes in the regulation of LECs that provide cable services. The 1996 Telecom Act eliminated federal legal barriers to competition in the local telephone and cable communications businesses, preempted legal barriers to competition that previously existed in state and local laws and regulations, and set basic standards for relationships between telecommunications providers. The 1996 Telecom Act eliminated the statutory telephone company/cable television cross-ownership prohibition, thereby allowing LECs to offer video services in their telephone service areas. LECs may provide service as traditional cable operators with local franchises or they may opt to provide their programming over unfranchised “open video systems,” subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, setting aside a portion of their channel capacity for use by unaffiliated program distributors on a non-discriminatory basis. The 1996 Telecom Act generally limits acquisitions and prohibits certain joint ventures between LECs and cable operators in the same market. A federal appellate court overturned various parts of the FCC's open video rules, including the FCC's preemption of local franchising requirements for open video operators. The FCC has modified its open video rules to comply with the federal court’s decision. It is unclear what effect this ruling will have on the entities pursuing open video system operation. 47 Although local exchange carriers and cable operators can now expand their offerings across traditional service boundaries, the general prohibition remains on local exchange carrier buyouts of co-located cable systems. Co- located cable systems are cable systems serving an overlapping territory. Cable operator buyouts of co-located local exchange carrier systems, and joint ventures between cable operators and local exchange carriers in the same market are also prohibited. The 1996 Telecom Act provides a few limited exceptions to this buyout prohibition, including a carefully circumscribed "rural exemption." The 1996 Telecom Act also provides the FCC with the limited authority to grant waivers of the buyout prohibition. Ownership Limitations. The 1996 Telecom Act generally prohibits us from owning or operating a SMATV or wireless cable system in any area where we provide franchised cable service. We may, however, acquire and operate SMATV systems in our franchised service areas if the programming and other services provided to SMATV subscribers are offered according to the terms and conditions of our franchise agreement. In February 2002, a U.S. appeals court set aside a FCC rule that bars a company from owning television stations that reach more than 35% of U.S. homes. A three-judge panel concluded the FCC's “decision to retain the rules was arbitrary and capricious and contrary to law.” The court overturned altogether an FCC ban on a company owning a cable TV system in a market where it also operates a broadcast television station. This limitation was held on March 2, 2001 to violate the First Amendment. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that the limit must either be justified by the FCC “as not burdening substantially more speech than necessary,” or rewritten by the FCC. In addition, the D.C. Circuit panel vacated on constitutional grounds the FCC rule limiting to 40% the number of channels on which a cable operator can offer operator-affiliated programming. A petition for certiorari was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court asking for review of the D.C. Circuit Court’s ruling on the 30% cap but did not challenge the court’s ruling striking down the 40% cap on the channels that a cable operator may use to offer affiliated programmers. The FCC adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on September 13, 2001 concerning its horizontal (30% of national audience reach) and vertical (40% of channels showing operator-affiliated programming) limits and certain aspects of its attribution rules. Comments and reply comments were due on January 4, 2002, and February 4, 2002, respectively. This proceeding was consolidated with the third Biennial Review of media ownership rules in September 2002. Similar to the broadcast and cable prohibition, the broadcast and newspaper crossownership rule bans common ownership of a radio or television station and a daily newspaper if certain conditions are met. Acquisition of a daily newspaper in conflict with this rule requires divestiture of one of the properties before the next license expiration date of the broadcast station, or in one year, whichever is later. In its 1998 Broadcast Ownership Biennial Review Report adopted May 30, 2000, the FCC recommended a rulemaking to consider changes, but kept the rule in place. At its September 13, 2001 meeting, the FCC adopted a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on modification of its newspaper/broadcast crossownership rule and waiver policies. Comments were due December 3, 2001, and reply comments were due January 7, 2002. This proceeding also was consolidated with the third Biennial Review of media ownership rules on September 23, 2002. Under the FCC’s TV duopoly rule, no one may hold an attributable interest in two television stations under certain circumstances. In December 2000, the FCC terminated its 1998 Biennial Review of the television duopoly rules and affirmed the ban on owning a second television station in a market having fewer than eight separately owned TV stations. On February 20, 2001, Sinclair Broadcast Group filed a Petition for Review with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Sinclair also sought a court stay of an FCC decision ordering Sinclair to terminate local marketing agreements it had entered after the November 5, 1996, start of an FCC rulemaking examining TV local marketing agreements. The Court granted the stay pending completion of the appeal. On April 2, 2002, the Court granted the appeal and remanded the proceeding to the FCC. On August 12, 2002, the Court denied petitions for rehearing and rehearing en banc. The FCC’s further 48 consideration of these issues has been incorporated with the third Biennial Review of media ownership rules, issued on September 23, 2002. Must Carry/Retransmission Consent. The 1992 Cable Act contains broadcast signal carriage requirements that allow local commercial television broadcast stations to elect once every three years to require a cable system to carry the station, subject to certain exceptions, or to negotiate for “retransmission consent” to carry the station. Broadcast signal carriage is the transmission of broadcast television signals over a cable system to cable customers. A cable system generally is required to devote up to one-third of its activated channel capacity for the carriage of local commercial television stations whether pursuant to the mandatory carriage or retransmission consent requirements of the 1992 Cable Act. Local non-commercial television stations are also given mandatory carriage rights; however, such stations are not given the option to negotiate retransmission consent for the carriage of their signals by cable systems. Additionally, cable systems are required to obtain retransmission consent for all distant commercial television stations (except for commercial satellite-delivered independent “superstations” such as WGN), commercial radio stations and certain low-power television stations carried by such systems. Must carry requests can dilute the appeal of a cable system's programming offerings because a cable system with limited channel capacity may be required to forego carriage of popular channels in favor of less popular broadcast stations electing must carry. Retransmission consent demands may require substantial payments or other concessions. The FCC tentatively decided against imposition of dual digital and analog must carry in a January 2001 ruling. The ruling resolved a number of technical and legal matters, and clarifies that a digital-only TV station, commercial or non-commercial, can immediately assert its right to carriage on a local cable system. The FCC also said that a TV station that returns its analog spectrum and converts to digital operations must be carried by local cable systems. At the same time, however, it initiated further fact gathering that ultimately could lead to a reconsideration of the tentative conclusion. Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999. A major change introduced by the SHVIA was a “local into local” provision allowing satellite carriers, for the first time, to retransmit the signals of local television stations by satellite back to viewers in their local markets. The intent was to promote multichannel video competition by removing the prohibition on satellite retransmission of local signals, which cable operators already offered to their subscribers under the must-carry/retransmission consent scheme of regulation described above. SHVIA applies a similar scheme to satellite carriage. Television stations had until July 1, 2001, to elect must- carry or retransmission consent on satellite carriers in their markets. Beginning January 1, 2002, a satellite company that has chosen to provide any local-into-local service in a market will be required to provide subscribers with the signals of all qualified television stations assigned to that designated market area and that ask to be carried on the satellite system. To qualify, stations must meet conditions such as providing, at station expense, a good-quality signal to the carrier’s local receive facility. On November 29, 2000, the FCC adopted rules governing satellite signal carriage. These rules bar carriers from charging subscribers more for must-carry stations than for stations that elect to be carried under retransmission consent. Rules also prevent carriers from requiring subscribers to purchase additional equipment (e.g., a second dish) to receive stations that insist on carriage. The FCC allowed satellite carriers to sell local stations to subscribers a la carte, rather than only as a package. But a satellite carrier that carries at least one local station under the new local-into-local copyright compulsory license without which DBS operators would not carry the signals at all, contained in the SHVIA, must-carry all qualifying stations in the market; this is the carry one/carry all provision that is among those on appeal. FCC reconsideration of the rules was petitioned for by DirecTV and the Association of Local Television Stations, and supported and opposed by several others. In an Order on Reconsideration released September 5, 2001, the 49 Commission affirmed its rules for the most part, but also clarified, on its own motion, important aspects of carrier obligations to implement station elections of must-carry. Various court appeals have been consolidated in the Fourth Circuit, where oral argument was held September 25, 2001, focusing on carry one/carry all and a la carte. The FCC, in its Reconsideration Order of September 5, 2001, addressed complaints by broadcasters that satellite carriers, particularly EchoStar, have not complied with SHVIA must-carry implementation requirements, and ordered the carriers to comply. On December 7, 2001, the Court upheld the a la carte rule and affirmed that the carry one, carry all rule was a reasonable, content-neutral restriction on satellite carriers’ speech. On June 17, 2002, the Supreme Court declined to consider the case. In the 11th Circuit Echostar injunction case, the broadcast plaintiffs will provide new evidence of nationwide noncompliance to the U.S. District Court in Miami. By statute and FCC rule, satellite carriage of eligible local stations must begin January 1, 2002. Designated Access Channels. The 1996 Telecom Act permits local franchising authorities to require cable operators to set aside certain channels for public, educational and governmental access programming. The 1984 Cable Act also requires cable systems to designate a portion of their channel capacity, up to 15 percent in some cases, for commercial leased access by unaffiliated third parties to provide programming that may compete with services offered by the cable operator. The FCC has adopted rules regulating the terms, conditions and maximum rates a cable operator may charge for commercial leased access use. The FCC recently rejected a request that unaffiliated Internet service providers be found eligible for commercial leased access. Access to Programming. To spur the development of independent cable programmers and competition to incumbent cable operators, the 1992 Cable Act imposed restrictions on the dealings between cable operators and cable programmers. Of special significance from a competitive business posture, the 1992 Cable Act precludes video programmers affiliated with cable companies from favoring their cable operators over new competitors and requires such programmers to sell their programming to other multichannel video distributors. This provision limits the ability of vertically integrated cable programmers to offer exclusive programming arrangements to cable companies. This prohibition was scheduled to expire on October 5, 2002. On June 13, 2002, the FCC adopted an order extending the prohibition until October 5, 2007. There also has been interest expressed in further restricting the marketing practices of cable programmers, including subjecting programmers who are not affiliated with cable operators to all of the existing program access requirements, and subjecting terrestrially delivered programming to the program access requirements. Terrestrially delivered programming is programming delivered other than by satellite. Pursuant to the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act, the FCC has adopted regulations governing retransmission consent negotiations between broadcasters and all multichannel video programming distributors, including cable and DBS. Inside Wiring; Subscriber Access. In an order issued in 1997, the FCC established rules that require an incumbent cable operator upon expiration of a multiple dwelling unit service contract to sell, abandon, or remove home run wiring that was installed by the cable operator in a multiple dwelling unit building. These inside wiring rules are expected to assist building owners in their attempts to replace existing cable operators with new programming providers who are willing to pay the building owner a higher fee, where such a fee is permissible. The FCC has also proposed abrogating all exclusive multiple dwelling unit service agreements held by incumbent operators, but allowing such contracts when held by new entrants. In another proceeding, the FCC has preempted restrictions on the deployment of private antennas on rental property within the exclusive use of a tenant, such as balconies and patios. We have no agreements containing such restrictions. Video Description. On July 21, 2000, the FCC ruled that top-25-market affiliates of the four major national networks, and MVPDs having 50,000 or more subscribers, must provide video descriptions to make television programs more accessible to people with visual impairments. Such broadcasters and MVPDs must provide, in prime time or children’s programming, 50 hours per calendar quarter of video description. Other television stations and MVPDs must pass through video descriptions contained in programs, and must add an aural tone crawl or scroll to local emergency messages. Video description, which is in addition to closed captioning for the 50 hearing impaired, includes voice descriptions of a program’s visual elements inserted in audio pauses in the program. The FCC generally affirmed its video description rules on reconsideration on January 4, 2001. On March 28, 2001, the Motion Picture Association of America, National Association of Broadcasters and NCTA filed a joint Petition for Review, and on April 2, 2001, the National Federation of the Blind filed a Petition for Review with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit of the FCC’s January 4, 2001, reconsideration decision. On November 8, 2002, the Court reversed and vacated the FCC’s order to the extent that it required broadcasters to implement video descriptions. Franchise Procedures. The 1984 Cable Act affirms the right of franchising authorities (state or local, depending on the practice in individual states) to award one or more franchises within their jurisdictions and prohibits non- grandfathered cable systems from operating without a franchise in such jurisdictions. The 1992 Cable Act encourages competition with existing cable systems by: (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) Allowing municipalities to operate their own cable systems without franchises; Preventing franchising authorities from granting exclusive franchises or from unreasonably refusing to award additional franchises covering an existing cable system's service area; and Prohibiting (with limited exceptions) the common ownership of cable systems and collocated MMDS or SMATV systems. The FCC has relaxed its restrictions on ownership of SMATV systems to permit a cable operator to acquire SMATV systems in the operator's existing franchise area so long as the programming services provided through the SMATV system are offered according to the terms and conditions of the cable operator's local franchise agreement. The 1996 Telecom Act provides that the cable/SMATV and cable/MMDS cross-ownership rules do not apply in any franchise area where the operator faces effective competition as defined by federal law. The Cable Acts also provide that in granting or renewing franchises, local authorities may establish requirements for cable-related facilities and equipment, but not for video programming or information services other than in broad categories. The Cable Acts limit the payment of franchise fees to 5 percent of revenues derived from cable operations and permit the cable operator to obtain modification of franchise requirements by the franchise authority or judicial action if warranted by changed circumstances. A federal appellate court held that a cable operator's gross revenue includes all revenue received from subscribers, without deduction, and overturned an FCC order which had held that a cable operator's gross revenue does not include money collected from subscribers that is allocated to pay local franchise fees. We cannot predict the ultimate resolution of these matters. The 1996 Telecom Act generally prohibits franchising authorities from: (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) Imposing requirements in the cable franchising process that require, prohibit or restrict the provision of telecommunications services by an operator; Imposing franchise fees on revenues derived by the operator from providing telecommunications services over its cable system; or Restricting an operator’s use of any type of subscriber equipment or transmission technology. The 1984 Cable Act contains renewal procedures designed to protect incumbent franchisees against arbitrary denials of renewal. The 1992 Cable Act made several changes to the renewal process that could make it easier for a franchising authority to deny renewal. Moreover, even if the franchise is renewed, the franchising authority may seek to impose new and more onerous requirements such as significant upgrades in facilities and services or increased franchise fees as a condition of renewal. Similarly, if a franchising authority's consent is required for the purchase or sale of a cable system or franchise, such authority may attempt to impose more burdensome or onerous franchise requirements in connection with a request for such consent. Historically, franchises have been renewed for cable operators that have provided satisfactory services and have complied with the terms of their franchises. We believe that we have generally met the terms of our franchises and have provided quality levels of service. Furthermore, our franchises are issued by the state public utility commission (the RCA) and do not require periodic renewal. 51 Various courts have considered whether franchising authorities have the legal right to limit the number of franchises awarded within a community and to impose certain substantive franchise requirements (e.g. access channels, universal service and other technical requirements). These decisions have been inconsistent and, until the US Supreme Court rules definitively on the scope of cable operators' First Amendment protections, the legality of the franchising process generally and of various specific franchise requirements is likely to be in a state of flux. Pole Attachment. The Communications Act requires the FCC to regulate the rates, terms and conditions imposed by public utilities for cable systems' use of utility pole and conduit space unless state authorities can demonstrate that they adequately regulate pole attachment rates. In the absence of state regulation, the FCC administers pole attachment rates on a formula basis. The FCC has concluded that, in the absence of state regulation, it has jurisdiction to determine whether utility companies have justified their demand for additional rental fees and that the Communications Act does not permit disparate rates based on the type of service provided over the equipment attached to the utility's pole. The FCC's existing pole attachment rate formula, which may be modified by a pending rulemaking, governs charges for utilities for attachments by cable operators providing only cable services. The 1996 Telecom Act and the FCC's implementing regulations modify the current pole attachment provisions of the 1984 Cable Act by immediately permitting certain providers of telecommunications services to rely upon the protections of the current law and by requiring that utilities provide cable systems and telecommunications carriers with nondiscriminatory access to any pole, conduit or right-of-way controlled by the utility. The FCC's new rate formula, effective in 2001, governs the maximum rate certain utilities may charge for attachments to their poles and conduit by companies providing telecommunications services, including cable operators. Several parties have requested the FCC to reconsider its new regulations and several parties have challenged the new rules in court. On December 20, 2002, the D.C. Circuit affirmed the FCC’s rules in large measure. The Court did not address the merits of certain rules for which the Court concluded that petitioners’ challenge was not ripe. The favorable pole attachment rates afforded cable operators under federal law can be gradually increased by utility companies owning the poles if the operator provides telecommunications service, as well as cable service, over its plant. The FCC clarified that a cable operator's favorable pole rates are not endangered by the provision of Internet access, but a decision by the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed and suggested that Internet traffic is neither cable service nor telecommunications service and might leave cable attachments that carry Internet traffic ineligible for Pole Attachment Act protections. This decision could have lead to substantial increases in pole attachment rates. The cable industry sought review by the United States Supreme Court, which issued an opinion reversing a decision from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Eleventh Circuit court held that commingled services are not covered by the Pole Attachment Act; and the Pole Attachment Act does not grant the FCC authority to regulate wireless communications. Shortly after the Eleventh Circuit, opinion was issued, the U.S. Supreme Court granted writ of certiorari and issued an order staying the Eleventh Circuit's decision pending further review. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Eleventh Circuit's ruling. While the Supreme Court's decision does not mean an end to arbitrations and litigation over similar issues, it does mean that the FCC's Pole Attachment rules remain in effect. In 2002, the RCA concluded a rulemaking in Docket R-00-5 that examined whether to change state regulations governing interconnection and joint use of utility facilities. These regulations include a default pricing methodology for determining pole attachment rates that cable providers would pay pole owners in the event the parties cannot agree to rates on their own. The state formula, which the APUC adopted in 1987, is patterned after the maximum cable rate formula adopted by Congress in the 1978 Pole Attachment Act. With the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, Congress amended the 1978 Pole Attachment Act in several respects, which 52 included providing a different pole attachment rate methodology for telecommunication carriers and their pole attachments than the methodology used for cable companies. These changes prompted some pole owners in Alaska (principally electric companies) to file a petition with the RCA to adopt the new federal formula for setting pole attachment rates. The RCA concluded the rulemaking proceeding in 2002 and made minor changes to the regulations but largely retained the existing pole attachment formula that has been in state regulation since 1987. Copyright. Cable television systems are subject to federal copyright licensing covering carriage of television and radio broadcast signals. In exchange for filing certain reports and contributing a percentage of their revenues to a federal copyright royalty pool, that varies depending on the size of the system, the number of distant broadcast television signals carried, and the location of the cable system, cable operators can obtain blanket permission to retransmit copyrighted material included in broadcast signals. The U.S. copyright office adopted an industry agreement providing for an increase in the copyright royalty rates. The possible modification or elimination of this compulsory copyright license is the subject of continuing legislative review and could adversely affect our ability to obtain desired broadcast programming. We cannot predict the outcome of this legislative activity. Copyright clearances for nonbroadcast programming services are arranged through private negotiations. Cable operators distribute locally originated programming and advertising that use music controlled by the two principal major music performing rights organizations, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers and Broadcast Music, Inc. The cable industry has had a long series of negotiations and adjudications with both organizations. A prior voluntarily negotiated agreement with Broadcast Music has now expired, and is subject to further proceedings. The governing rate court recently set retroactive and prospective cable industry rates for American Society of Composers music based on the previously negotiated Broadcast Music rate. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these industry proceedings or the amount of any license fees we may be required to pay for past and future use of association-controlled music, we do not believe such license fees will be significant to our business and operations. Other Statutory and FCC Provisions. The 1992 Cable Act requires cable operators to block fully both the video and audio portion of sexually explicit or indecent programming on channels that are primarily dedicated to sexually oriented programming or alternatively to carry such programming only at “safe harbor” time periods currently defined by the FCC as the hours between 10 p. m. to 6 a. m. A three-judge federal district court determined that this provision was unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court is currently reviewing the lower court's ruling. The Communications Act also includes provisions, among others, concerning customer service, subscriber privacy, marketing practices, equal employment opportunity, regulation of technical standards and equipment compatibility. The FCC has various rulemaking proceedings pending that will implement the 1996 Telecom Act; it also has adopted regulations implementing various provisions of the 1992 Cable Act and the 1996 Telecom Act that are the subject of petitions requesting reconsideration of various aspects of its rulemaking proceedings. The FCC has the authority to enforce its regulations through the imposition of substantial fines, the issuance of cease and desist orders and/or the imposition of other administrative sanctions, such as the revocation of FCC licenses needed to operate certain transmission facilities often used in connection with cable operations. Other Regulations of the FCC. In addition to the FCC regulations noted above, there are other regulations of the FCC covering such areas as the following. (cid:130) Programming practices, including, among other things: (cid:130) Syndicated program exclusivity, which is a FCC rule which requires a cable system to delete particular programming offered by a distant broadcast signal carried on the system which duplicates the programming for which a local broadcast station has secured exclusive distribution rights (cid:130) Network program nonduplication (cid:130) Local sports blackouts 53 (cid:130) Indecent programming (cid:130) Lottery programming (cid:130) Political programming (cid:130) Sponsorship identification (cid:130) Children’s programming advertisements (cid:130) Closed captioning (cid:130) Registration of cable systems and facilities licensing (cid:130) Maintenance of various records and public inspection files (cid:130) Aeronautical frequency usage (cid:130) Lockbox availability (cid:130) Antenna structure notification (cid:130) Tower marking and lighting (cid:130) Emergency alert systems The FCC has ruled that cable customers must be allowed to purchase cable converters from third parties and established a multi-year phase-in during which security functions, which would remain in the operator's exclusive control, would be unbundled from basic converter functions, which could then be satisfied by third party vendors. The first phase implementation date was July 1, 2000. Compliance was technically and operationally difficult in our locations, so we and several other cable operators filed a request with the FCC that the requirement be waived in those systems. The request resulted in a temporary deferral of the compliance deadline for those systems. The necessary changes were implemented in 2002 to comply with these requirements. The FCC recently initiated an inquiry to determine whether the cable industry's future provision of interactive services should be subject to regulations ensuring equal access and competition among service vendors. The inquiry is another indication of regulatory concern regarding control over cable capacity. Other bills and administrative proposals pertaining to cable communications have previously been introduced in Congress or have been considered by other governmental bodies over the past several years. It is possible that Congress and other governmental bodies will make further attempts to regulate cable communications services. State and Local Regulation. Because our cable communications systems use local streets and rights-of-way, our systems are subject to state and local regulation. Cable communications systems generally are operated pursuant to franchises, permits or licenses granted by a municipality or other state or local government entity. In Alaska, the RCA is the franchising authority for the state. We provide cable television service throughout Alaska pursuant to various certificates of authority issued by the RCA. These certificates are not subject to terms of renewal and continue in effect until and unless the state commission were to seek to modify or revoke them for good cause. Internet Operations General. With significant growth in Internet activity and commerce over the past several years the FCC and other regulatory bodies have been challenged to develop new models that allow them to achieve the public policy goals of competition and universal service. Many aspects of regulation and coordination of Internet activities and traffic are evolving and are facing unclear regulatory futures. Changes in regulations and in the regulatory environment, including changes that affect communications costs or increase competition from the ILEC or other communications service providers, could adversely affect the prices at which we sell ISP services. The Internet has been able to grow and develop outside the existing regulatory structure because the FCC has made conscious decisions to limit the application of its rules. The federal government's efforts have been directed away from burdening the Internet with regulation. ISPs and other companies in the Internet industry have not been required to gain regulatory approval for their actions. The 1996 Telecom Act adopts such a position. The 1996 Act states that it is the policy of the United States “to preserve the vibrant and competitive free market that presently exists for the Internet and other interactive computer services, unfettered by Federal or State regulation.” 54 Regulatory policy approaches toward the Internet have focused on several areas: avoiding unnecessary regulation, questioning the applicability of traditional rules, Internet governance (such as the allocation of domain names), intellectual property, network reliability, privacy, spectrum policy, standards, security, and international regulation. Government may influence the evolution of the Internet in many ways, including directly regulating, participating in technical standards development, providing funding, restricting anti-competitive behavior by dominant firms, facilitating industry cooperation otherwise prohibited by antitrust laws, promoting new technologies, encouraging cooperation between private parties, representing the United States in international intergovernmental bodies, and large-scale purchasing of services. There are many ways Internet growth could be negatively impacted which may require future regulation and oversight. Moving toward proprietary standards or closed networks would reduce the degree to which new services could leverage the existing infrastructure. The absence of competition in the ISP market, or the telecommunications infrastructure market, could reduce incentives for innovation. Excessive or misguided government intervention could distort the operation of the marketplace, and lead companies to expend valuable resources working through the regulatory process. Insufficient government involvement may also, however, have negative consequences. Some issues may require a degree of central coordination, even if only to establish the initial terms of a distributed, locally-controlled system. The final result, in the absence of collective action, may be an outcome that no one favors. In addition, the failure of the federal government to identify Internet-related areas that should not be subject to regulation leaves open opportunities for state, local, or international bodies to regulate excessively and/or inconsistently. Internet Governance and Standards. There is no one entity or organization that governs the Internet. Each facilities-based network provider that is interconnected with the global Internet controls operational aspects of their own network. Certain functions, such as domain name routing and the definition of the TCP/IP protocol, are coordinated by an array of quasi-governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental bodies. The United States government, in many cases, has handed over responsibilities to these bodies through contractual or other arrangements. In other cases, entities have emerged to address areas of need such as the Internet Society (“ISOC”), a non-profit professional society founded in 1992. ISOC organizes working groups and conferences, and coordinates some of the efforts of other Internet administrative bodies. The Internet Engineering Task Force (“IETF”), an open international body mostly comprised of volunteers, is primarily responsible for developing Internet standards and protocols. The work of the IETF is coordinated by the Internet Engineering Steering Group, and the Internet Architecture Board, which are affiliated with ISOC. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority handles Internet addressing matters under a contract between the Department of Defense and the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California. The legal authority of any of these bodies is unclear. Most of the underlying architecture of the Internet was developed under the auspices, directly or indirectly, of the United States government. The government has not, however, defined whether it retains authority over Internet management functions, or whether these responsibilities have been delegated to the private sector. The degree to which any existing body can lay claim to representing “the Internet community” is also unclear. Membership in the existing Internet governance entities is drawn primarily from the research and technical communities. 1996 Telecom Act. The 1996 Telecom Act provides little direct guidance as to whether the FCC has authority to regulate Internet-based services. Section 223 concerns access by minors to obscene, harassing, and indecent material over the Internet and other interactive computer networks, and sections 254, 706, and 714 address mechanisms to promote the availability of advanced telecommunications services, possibly including Internet access. None of these sections, however, specifically addresses the FCC's jurisdiction. 55 Nothing in the 1996 Telecom Act expressly limits the FCC's authority to regulate services and facilities connected with the Internet, to the extent that they are covered by more general language in any section of the Act. Moreover, it is not clear what such a limitation would mean even if it were adopted. The Communications Act directs the FCC to regulate “interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio,” and the FCC and state public utility commissions indisputably regulate the rates and conditions under which ISPs purchase services and facilities from telephone companies. Given the absence of clear statutory guidance, the FCC must determine whether it has the authority or the obligation to exercise regulatory jurisdiction over specific Internet- based activities. The FCC may also decide whether to forebear from regulating certain Internet-based services. Forbearance allows the FCC to decline to adopt rules that would otherwise be required by statute. Under section 401 of the 1996 Telecom Act, the FCC must forbear if regulation would not be necessary to prevent anticompetitive practices and to protect consumers, and forbearance would be consistent with the public interest. Finally, the FCC could consider whether to preempt state regulation of Internet services that would be inconsistent with achievement of federal goals. FCC Regulations. The FCC has not attempted to regulate the companies that provide the software and hardware for Internet telephony, or the access providers that transmit their data, as common carriers or telecommunications service providers. In March 1996, America's Carriers Telecommunication Association (“ACTA”), a trade association primarily comprised of small and medium-size interexchange carriers, filed a petition with the FCC asking the FCC to regulate Internet telephony. ACTA argues that providers of software that enables real-time voice communications over the Internet should be treated as common carriers and subject to the regulatory requirements of Title II. The FCC has sought comment on ACTA's request. Other countries are considering similar issues. In addition, the FCC is considering a proposal to classify broadband Internet access service provided over the wireline network as an “information service,” and thus, potentially excluding such services from Title II regulation. The FCC has not considered whether any of the rules that relate to radio and television broadcasters should also apply to analogous Internet-based services. The vast majority of Internet traffic today travels over wire facilities, rather than the radio spectrum. As a policy matter, however, a continuous, live, generally-available music broadcast over the Internet may appear similar to a traditional radio broadcast, and the same arguments may be made about streaming video applications. The FCC will need to consider the underlying policy principles that, in the language of the Act and in FCC decisions, have formed the basis for regulation of the television and radio broadcast industries. The FCC does not regulate the prices charged by ISPs or Internet backbone providers. However, the vast majority of users connect to the Internet over facilities of existing telecommunications carriers. Those telecommunications carriers are subject to varying levels of regulation at both the federal and the state level. Thus, regulatory decisions exercise a significant influence over the economics of the Internet market. Economics is expected to drive the development of both the Internet and of other communications technologies. Internet access is understood to be an enhanced service under FCC rules; therefore, ISPs are treated as end users, rather than carriers, for purposes of the FCC's interstate access charge rules. This distinction was created when the FCC established the access charge system in 1983. Thus, when ISPs purchase lines from LECs, the ISPs buy those lines under the same tariffs that any business customer would use. Although these services generally involve a per-minute usage charge in addition to a monthly fee, the usage charge is assessed only for outbound calls. ISPs, however, exclusively use these lines to receive calls from their customers, and thus effectively pay flat monthly rates. By contrast, IXCs that interconnect with LECs are considered carriers, and thus are required to pay interstate access charges for the services they purchase. Most of the access charges that carriers pay are usage-sensitive in both directions. Thus, IXCs are assessed per-minute charges for both originating and terminating calls. The FCC concluded in their Local Competition Order that the rate levels of access charges appear to significantly exceed the incremental cost of providing these services. The FCC in December 1996 launched a comprehensive proceeding to reform access charges in a manner consistent with economic efficiency 56 and the development of local competition. The FCC has adopted access charge reform for carriers regulated under price cap and rate-of-return regulation, which reforms are subject to periodic review and adjustment. State and Local Regulations. The revenue effects of Internet usage today depend to a significant extent on the structure of state and local tariffs. Internet usage generates less revenue for LECs in states and jurisdictions where flat local service rates have been set low, with compensating revenues in the form of per-minute intrastate toll charges. Because ISPs only receive local calls, they do not incur these usage charges. By contrast, in states and jurisdictions where flat charges make up a higher percentage of LEC revenues, ISPs will have a less significant revenue effect. ISP usage is also affected by the relative pricing of services such as ISDN PRI, frame relay, and fractional T-1 connections, which are alternatives to analog business lines. Prices for these services, and the price difference on a per-voice-channel basis between the options available to ISPs, vary widely across different states and jurisdictions. In many cases, tariffs for these and other data services are based on assumptions that do not reflect the realities of the Internet access market today. The scope of local calling areas also affects the architecture of Internet access services. In states and jurisdictions with larger unmeasured local calling areas, ISPs need fewer POPs in order to serve the same customers through a local call. Court Decisions and Legislative Action. We believe major court decisions and legislative and FCC action will shape the worldwide Internet in 2003 and beyond, including: (cid:130) The February 20, 2003 FCC decision to deregulate new networks for high-speed Internet access and expected legal challenges. (cid:130) Continuing concerns and litigation over alleged copyright infringement. (cid:130) Minimum-regulation approaches to information privacy. (cid:130) The impact of more Internet patents preventing others from doing certain things, such as designing and maintaining certain types of Web sites. (cid:130) The legality of hyperlinking without permission. (cid:130) Decisions regarding whether cryptographic source code is First Amendment speech, and hence exportable, or that no program is covered by the First Amendment. (cid:130) Continuing calls for domestic controls of obscenity-related cryptography. Financial Information about our Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales Although we have several agreements to help originate and terminate international toll traffic, we do not have foreign operations or export sales. We conduct our operations throughout the western contiguous United States and Alaska and believe that any subdivision of our operations into distinct geographic areas would not be meaningful. Revenues associated with international toll traffic were $3.5 million, $4.4 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Seasonality Our long-distance revenues have historically been highest in the summer months because of temporary population increases attributable to tourism and increased seasonal economic activity such as construction, commercial fishing, and oil and gas activities. Our cable television revenues, on the other hand, are higher in the winter months because consumers tend to watch more television, and spend more time at home, during these months. Our local service and Internet operations are not expected to exhibit significant seasonality, with the exception of SchoolAccess Internet services that are reduced during the summer months. Revenues and cost of sales for yellow-page directories are recognized upon publication of directories, which for the Anchorage directory is expected to occur in the fourth quarter, beginning in 2003. Our ability to implement construction projects is also reduced during the winter months because of cold temperatures, snow and short daylight hours. Customer-Sponsored Research We have not expended material amounts during the last three fiscal years on customer-sponsored research activities. 57 Backlog of Orders and Inventory As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, our long-distance services segment had a backlog of private line orders of approximately $318,000 and $450,000, respectively, which represents recurring monthly charges for private line and broadband services. The decreased backlog is due to decreased private line circuit orders pending at December 31, 2002 as compared to 2001. As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, we had a backlog of equipment sales orders of approximately $601,000 and $85,000, respectively for services included in the All Other category described in note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. The increase in backlog as of December 31, 2002 can be attributed to increased outstanding sales orders at December 31, 2002 as compared to 2001. We expect that all of the private line orders and equipment sales in backlog at the end of 2002 will be delivered during 2003. Geographic Concentration and Alaska Economy We offer voice and data telecommunication and video services to customers primarily throughout Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, growth of our business and our operations depend upon economic conditions in Alaska. The economy of State of Alaska is dependent upon the natural resource industries, and in particular oil production, as well as investment earnings (including earnings from the State of Alaska Permanent Fund), tourism, government, and United States military spending. Any deterioration in these markets could have an adverse impact on us. Oil revenues are now the second largest source of state revenues, following funds from federal sources. The economic stagnation in the lower 48 states appears to have dampened demand for services provided by our large common carrier customers. To the extent that these customers experience reduced demand for traffic destined for and originating in Alaska, it could adversely affect our common carrier traffic and associated revenues. You should see Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information about the effect of geographic concentration and the Alaska economy on us. Factors That May Affect Our Business and Future Results Our use of leverage will reduce cash flow from operations available to fund our business and may cause a decline in our credit rating and/or limit our ability to raise additional capital. As of December 31, 2002, we had total outstanding debt of $404.3 million. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future as we implement our business plan, subject to limitations imposed by our credit agreements. In connection with the execution of our business strategies, we routinely evaluate acquisition opportunities with respect to each of our business segments and we may elect to finance acquisitions by incurring additional indebtedness. We must use a portion of our future cash flow from operations to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness, which will reduce the funds available for our operations, including capital investments and business expenses. This could hinder our ability to adjust to changing market and economic conditions. If we incur significant additional indebtedness, our credit rating could be adversely affected. As a result, our borrowing costs would likely increase and our access to capital may be adversely affected. Our credit facilities restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness and make capital expenditures, and contain certain other restrictions on our business operations. Our existing credit facilities restrict our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness, make certain capital expenditures, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, consummate certain asset sales, enter into certain transactions with affiliates and incur liens. These credit facilities also impose restrictions on the ability of a subsidiary to pay dividends or make certain payments to us, merge or consolidate with any other person or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. These credit facilities also require that we maintain certain financial ratios. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the credit facilities. Our current business strategy includes the acquisition of additional assets and the expansion of our existing businesses and service offerings. In addition, our business strategy may in the future be expanded to include activities outside the state of Alaska. It is possible that our current and future expansion and growth plans will require significant additional capital in excess of capital generated from operations and will result in significant capital expenditures. If we are unable to negotiate modifications to these restrictions, they could hinder our ability to follow through with expansion and growth plans. 58 We have a history of operating losses. If we do not maintain profitability, we may be unable to make capital expenditures necessary to implement our business plan, meet our debt service requirements or otherwise conduct our business in an effective and competitive manner. This would require us to divert cash from other uses, which may not be possible or may detract from the growth of our businesses. These events could limit our ability to increase our revenues and net income or cause these amounts to decline. We depend on a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our revenue and business. As previously described (see Part I, Item 1. Business, Long Distance Services, Customers), services that we provide to WorldCom and to Sprint contribute significantly to our total revenues. These two customers are free to seek out long-distance communication services from our competitors upon expiration of their contracts (in March 2006, in the case of WorldCom, subject to reaffirmation of the contract in the bankruptcy process, and in March 2007, in the case of Sprint) or earlier upon a default or the occurrence of certain events. These events are a force majeure event or a substantial change in applicable law or regulation under the applicable contract. The impact of WorldCom’s Bankruptcy filing on us. We provide long-distance and other services to WorldCom, a related party and a major customer, as further described in notes 9 and 11 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. On July 21, 2002 WorldCom and substantially all of its active U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court. Chapter 11 allows a company to continue operating in the ordinary course of business in order to maximize recovery for the company’s creditors and shareholders. The filings have enabled WorldCom to continue to conduct business while it develops a reorganization plan. Through December 31, 2002 we have recognized a $11.6 million bad debt reserve for uncollected balances due from WorldCom as of July 21, 2002. We currently cannot predict the timing or amount that WorldCom will pay on outstanding balances due us as of their bankruptcy filing date. A conversion of WorldCom’s bankruptcy petition to Chapter 7, unfavorable reaffirmation or cancellation of our pre-filing contracts and agreements with WorldCom, or a migration of WorldCom’s traffic off our network without it being replaced by other common carriers that interconnect with our network could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We expect that our contract with WorldCom will ultimately be reaffirmed and that we will work out some form of agreement with respect to the pre-petition receivables balance and that WorldCom will ultimately exit bankruptcy with their business intact. We cannot predict how long it may take WorldCom to work their way through the bankruptcy process or what effect the process or the economy may have on their traffic levels and ultimately, their requirements for service in Alaska. Mergers and acquisitions in the telecommunications industry are relatively common. If a change in control of WorldCom or Sprint were to occur, it would not permit them to terminate their existing contracts with us, but could in the future result in the termination of or a material adverse change in our relationships with WorldCom or Sprint. In addition, WorldCom and Sprint’s need for our long-distance services depends directly upon their ability to obtain and retain their own long-distance customers and upon the needs of those customers for long- distance services. The loss of one or both of WorldCom or Sprint as customers, a material adverse change in our relationships with them or a material loss of or reduction in their long-distance customers would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We depend on a limited number of third-party vendors to supply telecommunications equipment. We depend on a limited number of third-party vendors to supply cable, Internet and telephony-related equipment. If our providers of this equipment are unable to timely supply the equipment necessary to meet our needs or provide them at an acceptable cost, we may not be able to satisfy demand for our services and competitors may fulfill this demand. 59 Prolonged service interruptions could affect our business. We rely heavily on our network equipment, telecommunications providers, data and software, to support all of our functions. We rely on our networks and the networks of others for substantially all of our revenues. We are able to deliver services only to the extent that we can protect our network systems against damage from power or telecommunication failures, computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access and other disruptions. While we endeavor to provide for failures in the network by providing back-up systems and procedures, we cannot guarantee that these back-up systems and procedures will operate satisfactorily in an emergency. Should we experience a prolonged failure, it could seriously jeopardize our ability to continue operations. In particular, should a significant service interruption occur, our ongoing customers may choose a different provider, and our reputation may be damaged, reducing our attractiveness to new customers. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss or damage to our customers' data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential information, we may incur liability and suffer from adverse publicity. In addition, we may incur additional costs to remedy the damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches. Certain of our major switching centers and transmission hubs carry significant concentrations of our traffic. While we have followed industry practices to construct, secure and protect these facilities from extended power outages, fire, earthquakes, and other natural or man-made disasters, such an event could result in an extended outage for a significant portion of our traffic. Such an extended outage could have a material impact on our business and results of operations. If a failure occurs in our undersea fiber optic cable, our ability to immediately restore the entirety of our service may be limited. Our telecommunications facilities include an undersea fiber optic cable that carries a large portion of our Internet voice and data traffic to and from the contiguous Lower 48 states. We have obtained what we believe is adequate backup capacity through early 2004 and continue to seek arrangements to obtain alternative telecommunications facilities as backup facilities. If a failure of our undersea fiber optic facilities occurs before we are able to secure adequate backup facilities, some of the telecommunications services we offer to our customers could be interrupted, which could have a material impact on our business and results of operations. We serve many rural and remote Alaska locations solely via satellite communications. Each of our C- and Ku- band satellite transponders is backed up on the same spacecraft with multiple backup transponders. We have arranged for backup satellite capacity on another spacecraft for all of our current C-band satellite transponders in the unlikely event of a total primary spacecraft failure. If such a failure occurs, service may not be fully restored for up to a week or longer. Due to variations in satellite earth coverage and other technical performance differences between the primary satellite and the backup satellite, a small percentage of our services may not be restorable on the backup satellite. We own one Ku-band satellite transponder on the same primary spacecraft that provides our C-band service. In the event of total primary spacecraft failure, we would not be able to restore our Ku-band transponder traffic, as no other spacecraft offering is presently suitable and similar performance coverage of Alaska on which we have prior arranged restoration services. PanAmSat has announced plans to launch and place in service during 2003 a spacecraft with identical performance to our current primary spacecraft which could provide us with Ku-band and additional C-band backup capacity at that time. Our businesses are currently geographically concentrated in Alaska. We offer a variety of voice, video and data services to residential, commercial and governmental customers in the state of Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, our growth and operations depend in part upon economic conditions in Alaska. We may not be able to continue to increase our market share of the existing markets for our services and no assurance can be given that the Alaskan economy will continue to grow and increase the size of the markets we serve or increase the demand for the services we offer. You should see Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information. 60 Our best growth opportunities may be in geographic areas that differ from those of our existing businesses. We have achieved significant market penetration in the state of Alaska for many of the services we offer. However, opportunities for expanding our market geographically in the state of Alaska or attaining significant additional market penetration in the State of Alaska are limited. As a result, the best opportunities for expanding our business may arise in other geographic areas such as the contiguous Lower 48 states. There can be no assurance that we will find attractive opportunities to grow our businesses outside the State of Alaska or that we will have the necessary expertise to take advantage of such opportunities. The Alaska voice, video and data telecommunications markets are unique and distinct within the United States due to Alaska’s large geographical size and its distance from the rest of the United States. The expertise we have developed in operating our businesses in the State of Alaska may not provide us with the necessary expertise to successfully enter other geographic markets. We may fail to develop our wireless services. We offer wireless mobile services by reselling other providers’ wireless mobile services. We offer wireless local telephone services over our own facilities, and have purchased PCS and LMDS wireless broadband licenses in FCC auctions covering markets in Alaska. We have fewer subscribers to our wireless services than to our other service offerings. The geographic coverage of our wireless services is also smaller than the geographic coverage of our other services. Some of our competitors offer or propose to offer an integrated bundle of communications, entertainment and information services, including wireless services. If we are unable to expand and further develop our wireless services, we may not be able to meet the needs of customers who desire packaged services, and our competitors who offer theses services would have an advantage. This could result in the loss of market share for our other service offerings. Our efforts to develop cable telephony may be unsuccessful. An element of our business strategy is to develop voice telephone service utilizing our coaxial cable facilities. If we are able to develop this service, we will be able to utilize our own cable facilities to provide local access to our customers and avoid paying local loop charges to ILECs. In order to successfully develop and market this new service, we must integrate new technology with our existing facilities. The viability of this service depends on the availability of the equipment necessary to provide the service at cost-effective prices. The development and marketing of this service will require a substantial capital investment. If we are unable to successfully develop and market voice telephone service, we will not be able to fully recover any capital investment we may make and the margins on our local telephone services business will not improve. We do not have insurance to cover certain risks to which we are subject. We are self-insured for damage or loss to certain of our transmission facilities, including our buried, under sea, and above-ground transmission lines. We self-insure with respect to employee health insurance and workers compensation, subject to stop-loss insurance with other parties that caps our liability at specified limits. If we become subject to substantial uninsured liabilities, our financial results may be adversely affected. Economic and Security Impacts on Telecommunications. The economic stagnation in the United States began with a decline in business capital spending and investment. Businesses continue to limit spending on equipment, software, real estate, inventories and other investments. The terrorist attacks on America on September 11, 2001 and their aftermath worsened already deteriorating economic conditions. Recent economic indicators reflect an improving economy, however concerns over war and renewed terrorist threats continue to mute economic growth and optimism. The telecommunications sector has been significantly impacted by the recent economic downturn. The NASDAQ Telecommunications Index through February 2003 has dropped 90% from the high reached in February 2000, including a 54% drop during 2002. Investors reportedly fear that carriers with high debt loads may face liquidity crises. The telecommunications sector has been affected by such liquidity concerns, bankruptcy filings of WorldCom, Global Crossing Ltd. and McLeodUSA Inc., and concerns about the possibility of improper accounting. 61 The economic stagnation in the lower 48 states appears to have dampened demand for services provided by our large common carrier customers. To the extent that these customers experience reduced demand for traffic destined for and originating in Alaska, it could adversely affect our common carrier traffic. A protracted economic malaise in the lower 48 states or a further disruption in the economy resulting from a war or renewed terrorist activity could affect our carrier customers which, in turn, could affect our revenues and cash flows. If the economic conditions in the United States worsen or if a wider or global economic slowdown occurs, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. As our business has grown, we have become increasingly subject to adverse changes in general economic conditions and economic conditions in the State of Alaska, which can result in reductions in capital expenditures by customers, longer sales cycles, deferral or delay of purchase commitments for products or services and increased price competition. Although these factors have not materially affected us in recent years, if the current economic slowdown continues or worsens, these factors could adversely affect our business and results of operations. With the terrorist events of September 11, the FCC and the communications community are determining their respective roles in ensuring homeland security. The FCC’s principal objectives are reportedly to secure the U.S.’s communications infrastructure and to enhance emergency response through communications. Expected FCC actions include re-chartering the Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (“NRIC”), consideration of a media counter-part to NRIC, working with other agencies to ensure network protection, reliability and redundancy, continuing efforts to solve remaining public safety spectrum issues, continuing to work on interoperability restraints, continuing to address emergency 911 issues, and working with other agencies on wireless priority access that balances the need for government response and critical needs of subscribers. Sales of a substantial number of shares of Class A common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the market price of Class A common stock to decline and impede our ability to raise capital through sales of Class A common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A common stock. A significant percentage of our voting securities are held by a small number of shareholders and these shareholders can control stockholder decisions on very important matters. As of December 31, 2002, WorldCom owned approximately 9% and our executive officers and directors and their affiliates owned approximately 21% of our combined outstanding Class A and Class B common stock. Because each share of Class A common stock has one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock has ten votes per share, WorldCom and our executive officers and directors and their affiliates have approximately 42% of the combined voting power of that stock (including outstanding series B preferred stock voting with Class A common stock on an as-converted basis). These shareholders can significantly influence if not control our management policy and all fundamental corporate actions, including mergers, substantial acquisitions and dispositions, and election of directors to the Board. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of discouraging third parties from making bids for us, delaying or preventing a change of control, or reducing premiums paid to our shareholders for their stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A common stock. It may be difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so may be beneficial to our shareholders. Certain provisions of our Restated Articles of Incorporation may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company that a shareholder may consider favorable. These provisions include the following: (cid:130) (cid:130) Authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock under terms developed by the board, which could increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; and Classifying our board of directors with staggered three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of our board of directors. It is unlikely shareholders will receive a return on their shares through the payment of a cash dividend. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on any of our common stock and have no intention of doing so in the 62 foreseeable future. As a result, it is unlikely that shareholders will receive a return on their shares through the payment of cash dividends. If we are required to account for the market value of stock options as compensation expense, our net income and earnings per share will be significantly reduced. This topic is currently under reexamination by accounting standards setters and regulators. Some companies have begun to account for stock options as a compensation expense thus resulting in a reduction of their net income and earnings per share. We currently record compensation expense to the extent that stock options are priced below market value at the time of grant. It is possible that future laws and regulations will require us to record the full fair market value of all stock options as a compensation expense in our consolidated financial statements. If such a change occurs, our net income and earnings per share would be significantly reduced. See notes 1(t), 1(u) and 8 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. Employees We employed 1,230 persons as of January 31, 2003, and are not parties to union contracts with our employees. We believe our future success will depend upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified employees. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory. Other No material portion of our businesses is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts at the election of the federal government. Item 2. Properties General Our properties do not lend themselves to description by character or location of principal units. Our investment in property, plant and equipment in our consolidated operations consisted of the following at December 31: Telephone distribution systems Cable television distribution systems Support equipment Property and equipment under capital leases Construction in progress Transportation equipment Land and buildings Total 2002 56.4% 24.4% 6.5% 8.5% 2.8% 0.9% 0.5% 2001 57.5% 23.1% 7.9% 8.7% 1.4% 0.9% 0.5% 100.0% 100.0% These properties are divided among our operating segments at December 31, 2002 as follows: long-distance services, 55.3%; cable services, 26.0%; local access services, 7.7%; Internet services, 5.7%; and all other, 5.3%. These properties consist primarily of switching equipment, satellite earth stations, fiber-optic networks, microwave radio and cable and wire facilities, cable head-end equipment, coaxial distribution networks, routers, servers, transportation equipment, computer equipment and general office equipment. Substantially all of our properties secure our new Senior Credit Facility. You should see note 6 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information. Our construction in progress totaled $17.0 million at December 31, 2002, consisting of telecommunications, cable, local service and support system projects that were incomplete at December 31, 2002. Our construction in progress totaled $11.0 million at December 31, 2001, consisting of telecommunications, cable, Internet and support systems projects that were incomplete at December 31, 2001. 63 Long-Distance Services We operate a modern, competitive telecommunications network employing the latest digital transmission technology based upon fiber optic and digital microwave facilities within and between Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. Our network includes digital fiber optic cables linking Alaska to the contiguous 48 states and providing access to other carriers’ networks for communications around the world. We use satellite transmission to remote areas of Alaska and for certain interstate and intrastate traffic, and to provide backup facilities for certain portions of our long-haul fiber networks. Our long-distance services segment owns properties and facilities including satellite earth stations, and distribution, transportation and office equipment. Additionally, in December 1992 we acquired access to capacity on an undersea fiber optic cable from Seward, Alaska to Pacific City, Oregon. We completed construction of an additional fiber optic cable facility linking Alaska to Seattle, Washington in February 1999. We entered into a purchase and lease-purchase option agreement in August 1995 for the acquisition of satellite transponders on the PanAmSat Galaxy XR satellite to meet our long-term satellite capacity requirements. We use the satellite transponders pursuant to a long-term capital lease arrangement with a leasing company. The purchase and lease-purchase option agreement provided for the interim lease of transponder capacity on the PanAmSat Galaxy IX satellite through the delivery of the purchased transponders on Galaxy XR in March 2000. Effective June 30, 2001, we acquired, through the issuance of preferred stock, a controlling interest in the corporation owning the 800-mile fiber optic cable system that extends from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska to Valdez, Alaska via Fairbanks. We lease our long-distance services industry segment’s executive, corporate and administrative facilities in Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. Our operating, executive, corporate and administrative properties are in good condition. We consider our properties suitable and adequate for our present needs and they are being fully utilized. Cable Services The Cable Systems serve 33 communities and areas in Alaska including Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, the state's three largest urban areas. As of December 31, 2002, the Cable Systems consisted of approximately 2,230 miles of installed cable plant having between 330 to 550 MHz of channel capacity. Our principal physical assets consist of cable television distribution plant and equipment, including signal receiving, encoding and decoding devices, headend reception facilities, distribution systems and customer drop equipment for each of our cable television systems. Our cable television plant and related equipment are generally attached to utility poles under pole rental agreements with local public utilities and telephone companies, and in certain locations are buried in underground ducts or trenches. We own or lease real property for signal reception sites and business offices in many of the communities served by our systems and for our principal executive offices. We own the receiving and distribution equipment of each system. In order to keep pace with technological advances, we are maintaining, periodically upgrading and rebuilding the physical components of our cable communications systems. Such properties are in good condition. We own all of our service vehicles. We consider our properties suitable and adequate for our present and anticipated future needs. Local Access Services We operate a modern, competitive local access telecommunications network employing the latest digital transmission technology based upon fiber optic facilities within Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska. Our outside plant consists of connecting lines (aerial, underground and buried cable), the majority of which is on or under public roads, highways or streets, while the remainder is on or under private property. Central office 64 equipment primarily consists of digital electronic switching equipment and circuit carrier transmission equipment. Operating equipment consists of motor vehicles and other equipment. Substantially all of our local access services’ central office equipment, administrative and business offices, and customer service centers are in leased facilities. Such properties are in good condition. We consider our properties suitable and adequate for our present and anticipated future needs. Internet Services We operate a modern, competitive Internet network employing the latest available technology. We provide access to the Internet using a platform that includes many of the latest advancements in technology. The physical platform is concentrated in Anchorage and is extended into many remote areas of the state. Our Internet platform includes trunks connecting our Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau facilities to Internet access points in Seattle through multiple, diversely routed upstream Internet networks, and various other routers, servers and support equipment. We lease our Internet services industry segment’s operating facilities, located primarily in Anchorage. Such properties are in good condition. We consider our properties suitable and adequate for our present and anticipated future needs. Capital Expenditures Capital expenditures consist primarily of (a) gross additions to property, plant and equipment having an estimated service life of one year or more, plus the incidental costs of preparing the asset for its intended use, and (b) gross additions to capitalized software. The total investment in property, plant and equipment has increased from $242.9 million at January 1, 1998 to $611.2 million at December 31, 2002, including construction in progress and not including deductions of accumulated depreciation. Significant additions to property, plant and equipment will be required in the future to meet the growing demand for communications, Internet and entertainment services and to continually modernize and improve such services to meet competitive demands. Our capital expenditures for 1998 through 2002 were as follows (in millions): 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 $ 149.0 36.6 $ 48.9 $ 68.0 $ 66.1 $ We project capital expenditures of $40 million to $55 million for 2003 for which we have made no significant purchase commitments through February 28, 2003. A majority of the expenditures will expand, enhance and modernize our current networks, facilities and operating systems, and will develop other businesses. Additional capital expenditures will be incurred if we acquire backup or standby facilities. You should see note 12 to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information. During 2002, we funded our normal business capital requirements substantially through internal sources and, to the extent necessary, from external financing sources. We expect expenditures for 2003 to be financed in the same manner. Insurance We have insurance to cover risks incurred in the ordinary course of business, including general liability, property coverage, director and officers and employment practices liability, auto, crime, fiduciary, aviation, and business 65 interruption insurance in amounts typical of similar operators in our industry and with reputable insurance providers. Central office equipment, buildings, furniture and fixtures and certain operating and other equipment are insured under a blanket property insurance program. This program provides substantial limits of coverage against “all risks” of loss including fire, windstorm, flood, earthquake and other perils not specifically excluded by the terms of the policies. As is typical in the communications industry, we are self-insured for damage or loss to certain of our transmission facilities, including our buried, under sea, and above-ground transmission lines. We self-insure with respect to employee health insurance and workers compensation, subject to stop-loss insurance with other parties that caps our liability at specified limits. We believe our insurance coverage is adequate, however if we become subject to substantial uninsured liabilities due to damage or loss to such facilities, our financial results may be adversely affected. Item 3. Legal Proceedings Except as set forth in this item, neither the Company, its property nor any of its subsidiaries or their property is a party to or subject to any material pending legal proceedings. We are parties to various claims and pending litigation as part of the normal course of business. We are also involved in several administrative proceedings and filings with the FCC, Department of Labor and state regulatory authorities. In the opinion of management, the nature and disposition of these matters are considered routine and arising in the ordinary course of business. Except as previously disclosed concerning rural exemption proceedings (see Part I, Item 1. Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs), even if resolved unfavorably to us, management believes these matters would not have a materially adverse affect on our business or financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Item 4. Submissions of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders No matters were submitted during the fourth quarter of 2002 to a vote of security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise. Part II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters Market Information for Common Stock Shares of GCI's Class A common stock are traded on the Nasdaq National Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol GNCMA. Shares of GCI's Class B common stock are traded on the Over-the-Counter market. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock. The following table sets forth the high and low sales price for the above-mentioned common stock for the periods indicated. Market price data for Class A shares were obtained from the Nasdaq Stock Market quotation system. Market price data for Class B shares were obtained from reported Over-the-Counter market transactions. The prices represent prices between dealers, do not include retail markups, markdowns, or commissions, and do not necessarily represent actual transactions. 66 2001: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2002: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Class A Class B High Low High Low 9.031 12.150 12.450 12.320 9.700 10.260 7.250 7.800 5.875 8.250 8.450 8.250 7.050 6.400 2.600 2.990 8.750 12.000 11.950 12.000 9.000 12.000 7.000 7.000 6.500 8.050 9.600 9.250 7.300 7.000 3.500 3.100 Holders As of December 31, 2002 there were 1,970 holders of record of GCI's Class A common stock and 465 holders of record of GCI's Class B common stock (amounts do not include the number of shareholders whose shares are held of record by brokers, but do include the brokerage house as one shareholder). Dividends GCI has never paid cash dividends on its common stock and has no present intention of doing so. Payment of cash dividends in the future, if any, will be determined by GCI's Board of Directors in light of our earnings, financial condition and other relevant considerations. Our existing bank loan agreements contain provisions that prohibit payment of dividends on common stock, other than stock dividends (you should see note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information). Stock Transfer Agent and Registrar Mellon Investor Services LLC is our stock transfer agent and registrar. 67 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table presents selected historical information relating to financial condition and results of operations over the past five years. Revenues Net earnings (loss) before income taxes, extraordinary item and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principal, net of income tax benefit of $245 Net earnings (loss) Basic net earnings (loss) per common share Diluted net earnings (loss) per common share Total assets Long-term debt, including current portion Obligations under capital leases, including current portion Redeemable preferred stock: Series B Series C Years ended December 31, 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 (Amounts in thousands except per share amounts) $ 367,842 357,258 292,605 279,179 246,795 $ $ $ $ $ 12,322 8,659 (21,649) (14,866) (10,920) 0 0 0 344 0 6,663 4,589 (13,234) (9,527) (6,797) 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 (0.29) (0.29) (0.21) (0.21) (0.14) (0.14) $ 738,782 734,679 679,007 643,151 649,445 $ 357,700 351,700 334,400 339,400 351,657 $ $ $ 46,632 47,282 48,696 1,674 2,186 16,907 16,907 16,907 16,907 10,000 10,000 0 0 0 0 Total stockholders’ equity $ 208,220 202,392 183,480 192,548 200,007 Dividends declared per Common share $ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 The Selected Financial Data should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 68 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations In the following discussion, General Communication, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries are referred to as “we,” “us” and “our.” Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to unbilled revenues, long-distance cost of sales and services accruals, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization periods, intangible assets, income taxes, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See also our Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. General Overview We have experienced significant growth in recent years through strategic acquisitions, deploying new business lines and expansion of our existing businesses. We have historically met our cash needs for operations, regular capital expenditures and maintenance capital expenditures through our cash flows from operating activities. Cash requirements for significant acquisitions and major capital expenditures have been provided largely through our financing activities. Consolidated revenues increased by more than $10 million in 2002 as compared to 2001, or almost $30 million from core operations if the $19.5 million 2001 fiber sale is excluded. Our operating income increased by 11.6% in 2002. This increase occurred in spite of our recording bad debt expense in 2002 of $11.6 million related to our WorldCom receivables, and because we discontinued the amortization of goodwill and cable certificates upon the adoption of SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” on January 1, 2002. Adoption of SFAS 142 resulted in a decrease in 2002 amortization expense of approximately $6.5 million as compared to 2001. Our pre- tax income increased by 42.3% and our net income increased by 45.2%. Excluding the 2001 fiber sale, our four business segments experienced year over year growth in units and revenues as we continued to strengthen our position in the markets we serve. Operating income increased in the long-distance services and cable services segments, and decreased in the local access services and Internet services segments. Basic and diluted earnings per share increased by 60.0% in 2002 as compared to 2001. Long-Distance Services Overview During 2002 long-distance services revenue represented 55.7% of consolidated revenues. Our provision of interstate and intrastate long-distance services, private line and leased dedicated capacity services, and broadband services accounted for 96.0% of our total long-distance services revenues during 2002. Factors that have the greatest impact on year-to-year changes in long-distance services revenues include the rate per minute charged to customers, usage volumes expressed as minutes of use, and the number of private line, leased dedicated service and broadband products in use. Our long-distance services segment faces significant competition from AT&T Alascom, Inc., long-distance resellers, and local telephone companies that have entered the long-distance market. We believe our approach to developing, pricing, and providing long-distance services and bundling different business segment services will continue to allow us to be competitive in providing those services. 69 Our contract to provide interstate and intrastate long-distance services to Sprint was replaced in March 2002 extending its term to March 2007 with two one-year automatic extensions to March 2009. Beginning in April 2002 the new contract reduced the rate to be charged by us for certain Sprint traffic over the extended term of the contract. Other common carrier traffic routed to us for termination in Alaska is largely dependent on traffic routed to WorldCom and Sprint by their customers. Pricing pressures, general economic deterioration, new program offerings, business failures, and market consolidation continue to evolve in the markets served by WorldCom and Sprint. If, as a result, their traffic is reduced, or if their competitors’ costs to terminate or originate traffic in Alaska are reduced, our traffic will also likely be reduced, and our pricing may be reduced to respond to competitive pressures. We are unable to predict the effect on us of such changes, however given the materiality of other common carrier revenues to us, a significant reduction in traffic or pricing could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity. See note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of WorldCom’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. Due in large part to the favorable synergistic effects of our integrated approach, the long distance segment continues to be a significant contributor to our overall performance, although the migration of traffic from voice to data continues. Cable Services Overview During 2002, cable television revenues represented 24.1% of consolidated revenues. Our cable systems serve 33 communities and areas in Alaska, including the state's three largest population centers, Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau. We generate cable services revenues from four primary sources: (1) digital and analog programming services, including monthly basic or premium subscriptions and pay-per-view movies or other one-time events, such as sporting events; (2) equipment rentals and installation; (3) cable modem services (shared with our Internet services segment); and (4) advertising sales. During 2002 programming services generated 76.9% of total cable services revenues, equipment rental and installation fees accounted for 9.3% of such revenues, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services accounted for 9.0% of such revenues, advertising sales accounted for 3.9% of such revenues, and other services accounted for the remaining 0.9% of total cable services revenues. The primary factors that contribute to year-to-year changes in cable services revenues are average monthly subscription and pay-per-view rates, the mix among basic, premium and pay-per-view services and digital and analog services, the average number of cable television and cable modem subscribers during a given reporting period, and revenues generated from new product offerings. Our cable services segment faces competition from alternative methods of receiving and distributing television signals and from other sources of news, information and entertainment. We believe our cable television services will continue to be competitive by providing, at reasonable prices, a greater variety of programming and other communication services than are available off-air or through other alternative delivery sources and superior technical performance and responsive local customer service. Local Access Services Overview We generate local access services revenues from three primary sources: (1) business and residential basic dial tone services; (2) business private line and special access services; and (3) business and residential features and other charges, including voice mail, caller ID, distinctive ring, inside wiring and subscriber line charges. During 2002 local exchange services revenues represented 8.7% of consolidated revenues. The primary factors that contribute to year-to-year changes in local access services revenues are the average number of business and residential subscribers to our services during a given reporting period, the average 70 monthly rates charged for non-traffic sensitive services, the number and type of additional premium features selected, and the traffic sensitive access rates charged to carriers. Our local access services segment faces significant competition in Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau from the ILEC ACS and from AT&T Alascom, Inc. We began providing service in the Juneau market in the first quarter of 2002. We believe our approach to developing, pricing, and providing local access services and bundling different business segment services will allow us to be competitive in providing those services. Internet Services Overview We generate Internet services revenues from three primary sources: (1) access product services, including commercial, Internet service provider, and retail dial-up access; (2) network management services; and (3) Internet services’ allocable share of cable modem services (a portion of cable modem revenue is also recognized by our cable services segment). During 2002 Internet services segment revenues represented 4.3% of consolidated revenues. The primary factors that contribute to year-to-year changes in Internet services revenues are the average number of subscribers to our services during a given reporting period, the average monthly subscription rates, and the number and type of additional premium features selected. Marketing campaigns continue to be deployed targeting residential and commercial customers featuring bundled Internet products. Our Internet offerings are coupled with our long-distance and local access services offerings and provide free basic Internet services or discounted premium Internet services if certain long-distance or local access services plans are selected. Value-added premium Internet features are available for additional charges. We compete with a number of Internet service providers in our markets. We believe our approach to developing, pricing, and providing Internet services allows us to be competitive in providing those services. All Other Services Overview Revenues reported in the All Other category as described in note 9 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements include our managed services, product sales, and cellular telephone services. Revenues included in the All Other category represented 7.2% of total revenues in 2002 and include managed services revenues totaling $22.0 million and product sales and cellular telephone services revenues totaling $4.6 million. Results of Operations The following table sets forth selected Statement of Operations data as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated (underlying data rounded to the nearest thousands): Statement of Operations Data: Revenues: Long-distance services Cable services Local access services Internet services All other services Total revenues Year Ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 Percentage Change 1 2001 vs. 2002 2000 vs. 2001 55.7% 24.1% 8.7% 4.3% 7.2% 100.0% 56.2% 21.4% 7.1% 3.3% 12.0% 100.0% 62.4% 23.2% 6.9% 2.9% 4.6% 100.0% 2.1% 15.9% 27.1% 29.9% (37.9%) 3.0% 9.9% 12.7% 24.9% 42.4% 219.3% 22.1% 71 Cost of sales and services Selling, general and administrative expenses Bad debt expense Depreciation and amortization Operating income Net income (loss) before income taxes Net income (loss) Other Operating Data 2: Long-distance services operating income 3 Cable services operating income 4 Local access services operating income (loss) 5 Internet services operating loss 6 Year Ended December 31, 2002 33.6% 2001 39.1% 2000 40.9% Percentage Change 1 2001 vs. 2002 (11.6%) 2000 vs. 2001 16.8% 35.1% 3.6% 15.3% 12.4% 32.6% 1.2% 15.6% 11.5% 34.2% 1.7% 17.3% 5.9% 10.7% 206.7% 1.3% 11.6% 16.6% (14.6%) 9.9% 136.6% 3.3% 1.8% 2.4% 1.3% (7.4%) (4.5%) 42.3% 45.2% 140.0% 134.7% 38.6% 28.8% 34.0% 18.1% 27.6% 16.3% 16.0% 84.2% 35.0% 25.5% (2.3%) 5.8% (11.7%) (150.2%) 162.2% (117.2%) (125.2%) (164.4%) (21.6%) (8.5%) __________________________ 1 Percentage change in underlying data. 2 Includes customer service, marketing and advertising costs. 3 Computed as a percentage of total external long-distance services revenues. 4 Computed as a percentage of total external cable services revenues. 5 Computed as a percentage of total external local access services revenues. 6 Computed as a percentage of total external Internet services revenues. __________________________ Year Ended December 31, 2002 (“2002”) Compared To Year Ended December 31, 2001 (“2001”). Overview of Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Total revenues increased 3.0% from $357.3 million in 2001 to $367.8 million in 2002. Excluding the fiber optic cable system capacity sale of $19.5 million in 2001 as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, total revenues increased 8.9% in 2002. The long-distance services, cable services, local access services and Internet services segments contributed to the increase in total revenues, partially off-set by a decrease in revenues from All Other Services. See the discussions below for more information by segment. Total cost of sales and services decreased 11.6% to $123.6 million in 2002. As a percentage of total revenues, total cost of sales and services decreased from 39.1% in 2001 to 33.6% in 2002. Excluding the 2001 fiber system capacity sale, total cost of sales and services as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 38.2% in 2001 to 33.6% in 2002. The long-distance services segment and All Other Services contributed to the decrease in total cost of sales and services, partially off-set by increases in cost of sales and services in the cable services, local access services and Internet services segments. See the discussions below for more information by segment. Long-distance Services Segment Revenues Long-distance services segment revenues increased 2.1% to $204.9 million in 2002. Message Telephone Service Revenue from Common Carrier Customers Message telephone service revenues from other common carriers (principally WorldCom and Sprint) increased 10.9% to $88.8 million in 2002 resulting from a 14.7% increase in wholesale minutes carried to 819.8 million minutes. After excluding certain 2001 low-margin wholesale minutes no longer carried for other common 72 carriers, comparable wholesale minutes carried for other common carriers increased 19.5% over the prior year. Revenue increases resulting from increased wholesale minutes carried for other common carriers was partially off-set by a 3.3% decrease in the average rate per minute on minutes carried for other common carriers. The increase is also due to the reclassification of approximately 12.0 million minutes of traffic generated by a certain customer from retail in 2001 to wholesale in 2002. The average rate per minute decrease is primarily due to a reduced rate charged by us for certain Sprint traffic due to a new contract commencing April 2002. After excluding certain 2001 low-margin wholesale minutes not carried in 2002 for other common carriers, the comparable average rate per minute decreased 6.5% from the prior year. Revenues from and minutes carried for WorldCom increased in 2002 as compared to 2001. The economic stagnation in the lower 48 states appears to have dampened demand for services provided by our large common carrier customers. To the extent that these customers experience reduced demand for traffic destined for and originating in Alaska, it could adversely affect our common carrier traffic. A protracted economic malaise in the lower 48 states or a further disruption in the economy resulting from a war or renewed terrorist activity could affect our carrier customers which, in turn, could affect our revenues and cash flows. We believe that our contract with WorldCom will ultimately be reaffirmed and that we will develop an agreement with respect to the pre-petition receivables balance and that WorldCom may ultimately exit bankruptcy with their business intact. We cannot predict how long it may take WorldCom to complete the bankruptcy process or what effect the process or the economy may have on their traffic levels and ultimately, their requirements for service to and from Alaska. Message Telephone Service Revenue from Residential, Commercial and Governmental Customers Message telephone service revenues from residential, commercial, and governmental customers decreased 12.2% to $53.3 million in 2002 primarily due to the following: (cid:130) A 10.2% decrease in retail minutes carried for these customers to 309.2 million minutes. The decrease is primarily due to the loss of approximately 8.0 million to 10.0 million minutes earned annually from a certain retail customer and the reclassification of approximately 12.0 million minutes of traffic generated by a certain customer from retail in 2001 to wholesale in 2002, and (cid:130) A 4.6% decrease in the average rate per minute to $0.124 per minute paid by these customers due to our promotion of and customers' enrollment in calling plans offering a certain number of minutes for a flat monthly fee. Through May 2001 discounts recognized on revenue from certain private line and private network customers totaling $2.8 million off-set 2001 message telephone service revenue from residential, commercial and governmental customers. Beginning June 2001 these discounts off-set revenue from private line and private network customers. If these discounts had not been recognized in the 2001 message telephone service revenue from residential, commercial and governmental customers through May 2001, revenues would have decreased 16.1% to $53.3 million in 2002 as compared to 2001. The decreases in message telephone service revenues from residential, commercial, and governmental customers described above are partially off-set by a 0.3% increase in the number of active residential, commercial, and governmental customers billed to 88,200 at December 31, 2002. Revenue from Private Line and Private Network Customers Private line and private network transmission services revenues increased 4.2% to $36.2 million in 2002. The increase is partially off-set by the effect of a reclassification of discounts recognized on revenue from certain private line and private network customers. Through May 2001 these discounts totaled approximately $2.8 million and off-set message telephone service revenue from residential, commercial and governmental customers, beginning July 2001 these discounts off-set revenue from private line and private network customers. If the 73 discounts had been recognized in revenue from private line and private network customers during all of 2001 the increase in revenue would be 13.4% to $36.2 million. The increase in revenue from private line and private network customers in 2002 is primarily due to an increased number of circuits leased by governmental customers. Revenue from Broadband Customers Revenues from our packaged telecommunications offering to rural hospital and health clinic service and our SchoolAccess offering to rural school districts increased 17.4% in 2002 to $18.4 million. The increase is primarily due to the addition in the second quarter of 2001 of two new subscribers to our rural hospital and health clinic service for which we recognized a full year of revenue in 2002, and our new SchoolAccess offering called Distance Learning that started in late 2002. Distance Learning is a video-conference based service and is used by six school districts in Alaska. Long-distance Services Segment Cost of Sales and Services Long-distance services segment cost of sales and services decreased 18.0% to $60.1 million in 2002. Long- distance services segment cost of sales and services as a percentage of long-distance services segment revenues decreased from 36.5% in 2001 to 29.3% in 2002 primarily due to the following: (cid:130) Reductions in access costs due to distribution and termination of our traffic on our own local access services network instead of paying other carriers to distribute and terminate our traffic. The statewide average cost savings is approximately $.038 and $.078 per minute for interstate and intrastate traffic, respectively. We expect cost savings to continue to occur as long-distance traffic originated, carried, and terminated on our own facilities grows, (cid:130) The FCC Multi-Association Group (“MAG”) reform order reducing the interstate access rates paid by (cid:130) interexchange carriers to LECs in January and again in July 2002, and In the course of business we estimate unbilled long-distance services cost of sales and services based upon minutes of use processed through our network and established rates. Such estimates are revised when subsequent billings are received, payments are made, billing matters are researched and resolved, tariffed billing periods lapse, or when disputed charges are resolved. In 2002 and 2001, we had favorable and (unfavorable) adjustments of $4.7 million and ($2.8) million, respectively. Excluding the adjustments, long-distance services cost of sales and services as a percentage of long-distance services revenues was 35.1% and 31.6% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Long-distance services cost of sales and services in 2001 included a reversal of $2.0 million in accrued costs upon the conclusion of a dispute with ACS and a $450,000 non-recurring refund from ACS in respect of its earnings that exceeded regulatory requirements. Cable Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Cable services segment revenues increased 15.9% to $88.7 million and average gross revenue per average basic subscriber per month increased $3.38 or 6.4% in 2002. The increases in revenues and rates per subscriber were accomplished without any meaningful rate increases during 2002 and are due primarily to continued deployment of our high value services including digital cable television and cable modems. Programming services revenues increased 11.9% to $68.2 million in 2002 resulting from the following: (cid:130) Basic subscribers served increased approximately 4,100 to approximately 136,100 at December 31, 2002 as compared to December 31, 2001, (cid:130) New facility construction efforts in 2002 resulted in approximately 4,700 additional homes passed, a 2.5% increase from 2001, and (cid:130) Digital subscriber counts increased 24.0% to approximately 30,500 at December 31, 2002 as compared to December 31, 2001. Programming services revenues from digital subscribers increased 59.8% or $2.6 million from 2001 to 2002. 74 Effective February 2003, we increased rates charged for certain cable services and premium packages in six communities, including the state's three largest population centers Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau. The cable services segment’s share of cable modem revenue (offered through our Internet services segment) increased $3.1 million to $8.0 million in 2002 due to an increased number of cable modems deployed. Approximately 96% of our cable homes passed are able to subscribe to our cable modem service. We expect that that number will increase to approximately 99% when we complete our upgrade of the Ketchikan cable system which we expect to accomplish in 2003. We now offer digital programming in Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, Kenai, and Soldotna, which markets represent approximately 80% of our homes passed at December 31, 2002. We signed new seven-year retransmission agreements with the five local Anchorage broadcasters and began up linking and distributing the local Anchorage programming to all of our cable systems. This was done to provide additional value to our cable subscribers and to allow us to differentiate our programming from that of our DBS competitors. In addition, we have been successful in growing advertising revenues from our statewide advertising platform. Our ad insertion revenues increased approximately 28.9% in 2002. Cable services cost of sales and services increased 13.5% to $23.6 million in 2002. Cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable services revenues, which is less as a percentage of revenues than are long- distance, local access and Internet services cost of sales and services, decreased from 27.2% in 2001 to 26.7% in 2002. Revenues earned from equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services and advertising sales do not have significant corresponding costs of sales and services. The decrease in cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable services revenues is primarily due to an increase in the percentage of cable services revenues earned from equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services and advertising sales from 20.4% in 2001 to 23.1% in 2002. The decrease in cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable services revenues described above is off-set by an increase in cable programming services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable programming services revenue from 34.2% in 2001 to 34.7% in 2002. Cable services rate increases did not keep pace with programming cost increases in 2002. Programming costs increased for most of our cable services offerings, and we incurred additional costs on new programming introduced in 2001 and 2002. Local Access Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Local access services segment revenues increased 27.1% in 2002 to $32.1 million primarily due to growth in the average number of customers served. At December 31, 2002 an estimated 96,100 lines were in service as compared to approximately 79,200 lines in service at December 31, 2001. We estimate that our 2002 lines in service total represents a statewide market share of approximately 20%. At December 31, 2002 approximately 1,700 additional lines were awaiting connection. The increase in local access services revenues described above was partially off-set by the following: (cid:130) The FCC MAG reform order reducing the interstate access rates paid by interexchange carriers to LECs in January and again in July 2002, and (cid:130) A reduction in interstate access rates charged by us to interexchange carriers in response to an FCC order forcing a competitor to reduce their interstate access rates. 75 Local access services cost of sales and services increased 43.9% to $20.2 million in 2002. Local access services cost of sales and services as a percentage of local access services revenues increased from 55.6% in 2001 to 63.0% in 2002, primarily due to the following: (cid:130) Decreased network access services revenues from other carriers as the number of customers purchasing both long-distance and local access services from us increases, (cid:130) An increase in the Anchorage loop lease rates and residential wholesale rates paid to ACS as described below, (cid:130) The effect of offering one to two months of free service to significant numbers of new local access services customers acquired in 2002 while continuing to incur cost of sales and services for such new customers, and (cid:130) The lease of wholesale circuits from ACS in Fairbanks and Juneau pending completion of our facilities enabling service transition to UNE facilities and pricing. The increases in local access services cost of sales and services as a percentage of local access services revenues described above are partially offset by further economies of scale and more efficient network utilization as the number of local access services subscribers and resulting revenues increase. Our access line mix continued to hold steady in 2002, with residential lines representing approximately 55% of our lines, business customers representing approximately 37%, and Internet access customers representing approximately 8%. Approximately 86% of our lines are provided on our own facilities or using leased local loops. In Anchorage, ACS requested and received permission for a 7.7% increase in the UNE loop rate to $14.92 per month and a 24% increase in their retail residential rates, both effective in November 2001. The wholesale service rate we pay is tied to the retail residential rate and increased approximately $2.25 per line per month. Additionally, the cost of most residential features increased 24.0% to approximately $1.35 per line per month. The increased rates resulted in an approximately $1.2 million increase in our local access services cost of sales and services in 2002. The size of the local access services segment operating loss is exacerbated by the allocation of the benefit of access cost savings to the long-distance services segment. If the local access services segment received credit for the access charge reductions recorded by the long distance services segment, the local access services segment operating loss would have decreased by approximately $7.0 million and the long distance services segment would be reduced by an equal amount in 2002. Avoided access charges totaled approximately $7.0 million during 2002 as compared to $6.3 in 2001. The local access services segment operating loss is affected by the expected start-up losses we are experiencing in the new Fairbanks and Juneau markets and our continued evaluation and testing of IP cable telephony technology. Internet Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Internet services segment revenues increased 29.9% to $15.6 million in 2002 primarily due to growth in the number of customers served and the number of cable modems deployed. We had approximately 71,700 Internet subscribers at December 31, 2002 as compared to approximately 69,900 at December 31, 2001, of which approximately 36,200 are cable modem subscribers at December 31, 2002 as compared to approximately 26,500 at December 31, 2001. The Internet services segment’s allocable share of cable modem revenues increased 60.3% to $6.5 million in 2002 as compared to 2001. The Internet services segment does not share in plan fee revenues associated with our bundled Internet and long distance service package. Estimated annual plan fees related to this service offering is in excess of $4.0 million per year and those revenues are included in the long distance services segment. Internet services cost of sales and services increased 0.9% to $4.8 million in 2002, and as a percentage of Internet services revenues, totaled 30.8% and 39.6% in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The decrease as a percentage of 76 Internet services revenues is primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in Internet’s portion of cable modem revenue to $6.5 million that generally has higher margins than do other Internet services products. As Internet services revenues increase, economies of scale and more efficient network utilization continue to result in reduced Internet cost of sales and services as a percentage of revenues. We enhanced the value of our Internet offerings in 2002 through the addition of electronic billing and presentment capabilities and the rollout of a product called e-mail guard, which filters out e-mail spam and viruses. We upgraded the download speeds of all of our cable modem Internet service offerings. These new services and enhancements have proven to be very popular with our customers and are helping to further solidify our customer relationships. All Other Revenues and Costs of Sales and Services The 37.9% decrease in All Other revenues to $26.6 million in 2002 is primarily due to the $19.5 million fiber system capacity sale in 2001, as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The decrease in revenues is partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in managed services revenue to $22.0 million in 2002 primarily due to the provision of additional services to and increased revenues from a certain customer as performance criteria was met. Revenues from our GCI Fiber system that runs along the pipeline corridor are continuing to increase and we expect the annual revenue run rate to increase by an additional four to five million dollars per year by the end of 2003. All Other costs of sales decreased 44.8% to $14.9 million in 2002, and as a percentage of All Other revenues, totaled 56.0% and 62.9% in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The 2002 decrease is due to $10.9 million in costs of sale for the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Excluding the 2001 fiber system capacity sale, cost of sales and services as a percentage of revenues totaled 56.0% and 68.9% in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to the provision of additional services to and increased revenues from a certain customer as performance criteria was met without a corresponding increase in cost of sales and services. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 10.7% to $129.0 million in 2002 and, as a percentage of total revenues, increased to 35.1% in 2002 from 32.6% in 2001. Excluding the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, increased from 34.1% in 2001 to 35.1% in 2002. The 2002 increase in selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily due to increased labor and health insurance costs, incremental new costs to operate GFCC and Rogers, and costs incurred for our unsuccessful bid to purchase certain of the assets of WCI Cable, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“WCIC”), partially offset by a decreased accrual for company-wide success sharing bonus costs. Marketing and advertising expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 3.4% in 2001 to 3.3% in 2002. Excluding revenues from the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, marketing and advertising expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 3.6% in 2001. Bad Debt Expense Bad debt expense increased 206.7% to $13.1 million in 2002 and, as a percentage of total revenues, increased to 3.6% in 2002 from 1.2% in 2001. Excluding revenues from the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, bad debt expense as a percentage of total revenues was 1.3% in 2001. The 2002 increase is primarily due to the $11.0 million bad debt expense for uncollected accounts due from WorldCom as further described in note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 77 Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense increased 1.3% to $56.4 million in 2002. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase of 15.1% to $55.6 million in depreciation expense due to our $68.0 million investment in equipment and facilities placed into service during 2001 for which a full year of depreciation was recorded in 2002, and the $59.2 million investment in equipment and facilities placed into service during 2002 for which a partial year of depreciation will be recorded in 2002. Partially offsetting the depreciation expense increase described above is the discontinuation of amortization of Goodwill and Cable Certificates upon the adoption of SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” on January 1, 2002, resulting in a decrease in 2002 amortization expense of approximately $6.5 million as compared to 2001. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net of other income, increased 3.4% to $33.4 million in 2002. The increase is primarily due to the following: (cid:130) A $3.2 million increase in deferred loan fee expense to $4.6 million primarily due to the recognition of $2.3 million in unamortized deferred loan fees upon refinancing our Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility, and Increased interest expense in November and December 2002 due to the increased interest rate paid on our new Senior Facility starting November 1, 2002. (cid:130) Partially offsetting these increases were decreased 2002 interest rates on our Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility through November 1, 2002. Income Tax Expense Income tax expense was $5.7 million in 2002 and $4.1 million in 2001. The increase was due to increased net income before income taxes in 2002 as compared to 2001. Our effective income tax rate decreased from 47.0% in 2001 to 45.9% in 2002 due to the effect of items that are nondeductible for income tax purposes. At December 31, 2002, we have (1) tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $191.2 million that will begin expiring in 2005 if not utilized, and (2) alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.9 million available to offset regular income taxes payable in future years. Our utilization of remaining net operating loss carryforwards is subject to certain limitations pursuant to Internal Revenue Code section 382. Tax benefits associated with recorded deferred tax assets are considered to be more likely than not realizable through future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards. The amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced which would result in additional income tax expense. We estimate that our effective income tax rate for financial statement purposes will be 42% to 45% in 2003. Year Ended December 31, 2001 (“2001”) Compared To Year Ended December 31, 2000 (“2000”). Overview of Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Total revenues increased 22.1% from $292.6 million in 2000 to $357.3 million in 2001. Excluding the fiber optic cable capacity sale in 2001 as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, total revenues increased 15.4%. All of our segments contributed to the increase in total revenues. Total cost of sales and services increased 16.8% to $139.8 million in 2001. As a percentage of total revenues, total cost of sales and services decreased from 40.9% in 2000 to 39.1% in 2001. Excluding the 2001 fiber capacity sale, total cost of sales and services as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 40.9% in 2000 to 78 36.1% in 2001. The cable services, local access services, Internet services segments and All Other Services contributed to the increase in total cost of sales and services, partially off-set by a decrease in cost of sales and services in the long-distance services segment. Long-distance Services Segment Revenues Long-distance services segment revenues increased 9.9% to $200.7 million in 2001. Message Telephone Service Revenue from Common Carrier Customers Message telephone service revenues from other common carriers (principally WorldCom and Sprint) increased 11.5% to $80.1 million in 2001 resulting from a 4.8% increase in wholesale minutes carried for other common carriers and a 6.5% increase in the average rate per minute on minutes carried for other common carriers. After excluding certain 2000 low-margin wholesale minutes no longer carried for other common carriers, comparable wholesale minutes increased 23.5% over the prior year. The increase in the average rate per minute is primarily due to the discontinued carriage of certain low-margin wholesale minutes. Message Telephone Service Revenue from Residential, Commercial and Governmental Customers Message telephone service revenues from residential, commercial, and governmental customers decreased 9.7% in 2001 to $60.7 million primarily due to the following: (cid:130) A 2.8% decrease in retail minutes carried for these customers to 344.2 million minutes, (cid:130) A 15.0% decrease in the average rate per minute to $0.130 per minute paid by these customers due to our promotion of and customers' enrollment in calling plans offering a certain number of minutes for a flat monthly fee, and (cid:130) A 0.9% decrease in the number of active residential, commercial, and governmental customers billed to 87,900 at December 31, 2001. Revenue from Private Line and Private Network Customers Private line and private network transmission services revenues increased 19.7% to $34.7 million in 2001 due to an increased number of leased circuits in service. The increase is partially off-set by the effect of a reclassification of discounts recognized on revenue from certain private line and private network customers. Through May 2001 these discounts totaled approximately $2.8 million and off-set message telephone service revenue from residential, commercial and governmental customers, beginning July 2001 these discounts off-set revenue from private line and private network customers. If the discounts had been recognized in revenue from private line and private network customers during all of 2001 the increase in revenue would be 10.0% to $34.7 million. Revenue from Broadband Customers Revenues from our packaged telecommunications offering to rural hospitals and health clinics and our SchoolAccess offering to rural school districts increased 82.7% to $15.7 million in 2001. The increase is primarily due to an increase in circuits and services sold to rural hospitals and health clinics from 51 circuits at December 31, 2000 to 74 circuits at December 31, 2001. Long-distances Services Segment Cost of Sales and Services Long-distance services segment cost of sales and services decreased 4.3% to $73.3 million in 2001. Long- distance services segment cost of sales and services as a percentage of long-distance services segment revenues decreased from 41.9% in 2000 to 36.5% in 2001 primarily due to the following: (cid:130) Reduced satellite transponder cost of sales and services beginning April 2000 upon our acquiring owned satellite transponder capacity, (cid:130) Reductions in access costs due to distribution and termination of our traffic on our own local access services network instead of paying other carriers to distribute and terminate our traffic, (cid:130) The conclusion of a dispute with ACS which allowed us to reverse $2.0 million in accrued costs, 79 (cid:130) A $450,000 non-recurring refund in 2001 from ACS in respect of its earnings that exceeded regulatory (cid:130) requirements, and In the course of business we estimate unbilled long-distance services cost of sales and services based upon minutes of use processed through our network and established rates. Such estimates are revised when subsequent billings are received, payments are made, billing matters are researched and resolved, tariffed billing periods lapse, or when disputed charges are resolved. In 2001 and 2000 we had unfavorable adjustments of $2.8 million and $781,000, respectively. Excluding the unfavorable adjustments, the long- distance services cost of sales and services as a percentage of long-distance services revenues was 41.5% and 35.1% in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Cable Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Cable services segment revenues increased 12.7% to $76.6 million in 2001 and average gross revenue per average basic subscriber per month increased $3.87 or 7.9% in 2001. Programming services revenues increased 9.4% to $60.9 million in 2001 resulting from the following: (cid:130) Basic subscribers served increased approximately 11,600 to approximately 132,000 at December 31, 2001 as compared to December 31, 2000 (the 2001 increase includes approximately 1,000 basic subscribers acquired from G.C. Cablevision, Inc. on March 31, 2001 and approximately 7,000 basic subscribers acquired from Rogers on November 19, 2001), (cid:130) Rates charged to subscribers in most systems increased as of February 2001, (cid:130) New facility construction efforts in 2001 and the acquisition of GC Cablevision, Inc. and Rogers subscribers resulted in approximately 14,800 additional homes passed, a 8.3% increase from 2000, and (cid:130) Digital subscriber counts increased 81.8% to approximately 24,600 at December 31, 2001 as compared to December 31, 2000. The cable services segment’s share of cable modem revenue (offered through our Internet services segment) increased $2.5 million to $4.9 million in 2001. Cable services cost of sales and services increased 16.9% to $20.8 million in 2001. Cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable revenues, which is less as a percentage of revenues than are long-distance, local access and Internet services cost of sales and services, increased from 26.2% in 2000 to 27.2% in 2001. Cable services rate increases did not keep pace with increases in programming costs in 2001. Programming costs increased for most of our cable services offerings, and we incurred additional costs on new programming introduced in 2000 and 2001. Revenues earned from equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services and advertising sales do not have corresponding costs of sales and services. The increase in cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable services revenues is partially off-set by an increase in the percentage of cable services revenues earned from equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services and advertising sales from 17.9% in 2000 to 20.4% in 2001. Local Access Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Local access services segment revenues increased 24.9% in 2001 to $25.2 million due to growth in the average number of customers served. At December 31, 2001 approximately 79,200 lines were in service as compared to approximately 62,100 lines in service at December 31, 2000. Local access services cost of sales and services increased 30.4% to $14.0 million in 2001. Local access services cost of sales and services as a percentage of local access services revenues increased from 53.3% in 2000 to 55.6% in 2001. The local access services cost of sales and services increase as a percentage of local access services revenues is due to decreased network access services revenues from other carriers as the number of customers purchasing both long-distance and local access services from us increases. The increases in local access services cost of sales and services as a percentage of local access services revenues described above are 80 partially off-set by economies of scale and more efficient network utilization as local access services revenues increase. In Anchorage, ACS requested and received permission for a 7.7% increase in the UNE loop rate to $14.92 and a 24% increase in their retail residential rates, both effective in November 2001. The wholesale service rate we pay is tied to the retail residential rate and increased approximately $2.25 per line. Additionally, the cost of residential features increased 24.0% to approximately $1.35 per line. Internet Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Internet services segment revenues increased 42.4% to $12.0 million in 2001 primarily due to growth in the average number of customers served. We had approximately 69,900 Internet subscribers at December 31, 2001 as compared to approximately 62,600 at December 31, 2000, of which approximately 26,500 are cable modem subscribers at December 31, 2001 as compared to approximately 16,000 at December 31, 2000. Approximately 850 cable modem subscribers were acquired from Rogers on November 19, 2001. Internet services allocable share of cable modem revenues increased $3.0 million to $4.1 million in 2001 as compared to 2000. Internet services cost of sales and services increased 8.2% to $4.7 million in 2001. Internet services costs of sales as a percentage of Internet services revenues totaled 39.6% and 52.1% in 2001 and 2000, respectively. The Internet services costs of sales decrease as a percentage of Internet services revenues is primarily due to a $3.0 million increase in Internet’s portion of cable modem revenue that generally has higher margins than do other Internet products. As Internet services revenues increase, economies of scale and more efficient network utilization continue to result in reduced Internet cost of sales and services as a percentage of Internet services revenues. All Other Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services All Other revenues increased $29.4 million to $42.8 million in 2001 primarily due to the $19.5 million fiber capacity sale in 2001, as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and increased revenues from managed services to a certain customer and for management services sold to Kanas through the six month period ended June 30, 2001. All Other costs of sales and services increased approximately $16.8 million to $26.9 million in 2001. The increase is primarily due to the $10.9 million in cost of sale for the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, as described in note 1(o) in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and increased costs associated with the sale of additional services to a certain customer. All Other costs of sales and services as a percentage of All Other revenues, totaled 62.9% and 75.9% in 2001 and 2000, respectively. Excluding the 2001 fiber system capacity sale, cost of sales and services as a percentage of revenues totaled 68.9% and 75.9% in 2001 and 2000, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to the provision of management services to Kanas without a corresponding increase in cost of sales and services. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 16.6% to $116.5 million in 2001 and, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased from 34.2% in 2000 to 32.6% in 2001. Excluding the fiber capacity sale in 2001, selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, were 34.1% in 2001. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in 2001 is due to increased labor and health insurance costs, increased accrual of a company-wide success sharing bonus, and incremental new costs to operate GFCC (see note 3 to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Marketing and advertising expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased from 4.0% in 2000 to 3.4% in 2001. Excluding the fiber capacity sale in 2001, marketing and advertising expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 3.6% in 2001. 81 Bad Debt Expense Bad debt expense decreased 14.6% to $4.3 million in 2002 and, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased from 1.7% in 2000 to 1.2% in 2001. Excluding revenues from the fiber system capacity sale in 2001, bad debt expense as a percentage of total revenues was 1.3% in 2001. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense increased 9.9% to $55.7 million in 2001. The increase is attributable to our $43.7 million investment in equipment and facilities placed into service during 2000 for which a full year of depreciation was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2001 and the $68.0 million investment in equipment and facilities placed into service during the year ended December 31, 2001 for which a partial year of depreciation was recorded during 2001. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net of other income, decreased 17.1% to $32.3 million primarily due to a 19.7% decrease in interest expense to $31.2 million in 2001. This decrease resulted primarily from decreased interest rates in 2001 on our variable rate debt, a $943,000 net interest benefit earned in 2001 from our two interest rate swap agreements, decreased average outstanding long-term debt balances during the first six months of 2001 and a charge of $2.0 million to interest expense in 2000 to write-off previously capitalized interest expense. Partially offsetting these decreases were an increase in average outstanding indebtedness in the last six months of 2001 and an increase in our average outstanding capital lease obligation balances in the last six months of 2000. Income Tax (Expense) Benefit Income tax (expense) benefit was ($4.1) million in 2001 and $8.4 million in 2000. The change was due to our generation of net income before income taxes in 2001 as compared to a net loss before income taxes in 2000. Our effective income tax rate increased from 38.9% in 2000 to 47.0% in 2001 due to the effect of items that are nondeductible for income tax purposes. Fluctuations in Quarterly Results of Operations The following chart provides selected unaudited statement of operations data from our quarterly results of operations during 2002 and 2001: (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Total Third First Year Quarter Quarter Fourth Quarter Second Quarter 2002 Revenues: Long-distance services Cable services Local access services Internet services All Other services Total revenues Operating income 1 Net income (loss) before income taxes 1 Net income (loss) 1 Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 50,068 21,346 7,308 3,573 5,915 88,210 11,133 3,858 2,212 52,375 21,919 8,106 3,912 6,428 92,740 4,766 (1,686) (1,103) 53,778 22,057 8,096 3,927 6,692 94,550 16,353 8,662 5,063 48,711 204,932 88,688 23,366 32,071 8,561 15,584 4,172 26,567 7,532 92,342 367,842 45,725 13,473 12,322 1,488 6,663 491 0.03 (0.03) 0.08 0.00 0.08 82 (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Total Third First Year Quarter Quarter Fourth Quarter Second Quarter 2001 Revenues: Long-distance services Cable services Local access services Internet services All Other services 2 Total revenues Operating income 2 Net income before income taxes Net income Basic net income (loss) per common share Diluted net income (loss) per common share 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 46,236 18,046 5,958 2,619 24,058 96,917 13,385 4,322 2,423 49,851 18,873 6,183 3,134 7,494 85,535 8,759 436 166 0.04 (0.01) 0.03 (0.01) 53,892 19,113 6,397 3,019 5,598 88,019 10,540 2,717 1,527 0.02 0.02 50,715 200,694 76,554 20,522 25,229 6,691 11,996 3,224 5,635 42,785 86,787 357,258 40,975 8,291 8,659 1,184 4,589 473 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 1 The second and third quarters of 2002 include the provision of $9.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of bad debt expense for estimated uncollectible accounts from WorldCom. 2 The first quarter of 2001 includes $19.5 million of revenue and $7.3 million of operating income (after deducting direct operating costs) from the sale of long-haul capacity in the Alaska United undersea fiber optic cable system. 3 Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts does not agree to total year net income per common share amounts. Overview of Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Total revenues for the quarter ended December 31, 2002 (“fourth quarter”) were $92.3 million, representing a 2.3% decrease from $94.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2002 (“third quarter”). The long-distance services segment contributed to the decrease in total revenues, partially off-set by an increase in revenues from the cable services, local access services and Internet services segments and All Other Services. Cost of sales and services increased from $30.4 million in the third quarter to $31.1 million in the fourth quarter. As a percentage of revenues, third and fourth quarter cost of sales and services totaled 32.1% and 33.7%, respectively. The cable services segment and All Other Services contributed to the increase in total cost of sales and services, partially off-set by decreases in cost of sales and services in the long-distance services, local access services and Internet services segments. Long-distance Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services In the fourth quarter long-distance services segment revenues decreased 9.4% to $48.7 million. The decrease primarily resulted from a decrease in long-distance services revenues from residential, commercial, governmental, and other common carrier customers. Revenues from other common carriers decreased 15.7% to $20.6 million primarily due to the following: (cid:130) A decrease of approximately $1.6 million due to a loss of minutes carried for other common carriers. The decline in revenues and minutes is due in part to the substitution effects that are being experienced by other common carriers including WorldCom and Sprint. In the past, these effects on us were partially off- set by the strong growth in our wholesale other common carrier traffic. During the fourth quarter of 2002, 83 in addition to expected seasonality, our wholesale other common carrier traffic was affected by the weak lower 48 economy and changes in the carrier market, (cid:130) A 15.4% decrease in minutes carried for other common carriers to 189.9 million minutes, (cid:130) A 0.3% decrease in the average rate per minute on minutes carried for other common carriers, and (cid:130) A $920,000 incentive credit provided to an other common carrier customer in the fourth quarter of 2002. Revenues from residential, commercial, and governmental customers decreased 17.8% to $11.2 million primarily due to the following: (cid:130) A 7.4% decrease in the average rate per minute to $0.113 per minute paid by residential, commercial and governmental customers, and (cid:130) A 2.5% decrease in retail minutes carried for residential, commercial and governmental customers to 73.8 million minutes Long-distance revenues have historically been highest in the summer months because of temporary population increases attributable to tourism and increased seasonal economic activity such as construction, commercial fishing, and oil and gas activities. Long-distance services cost of sales and services decreased 0.3% to $14.3 million in the fourth quarter. Long- distance services cost of sales and services as a percentage of long-distance services revenues increased from 26.8% in third quarter to 29.5% in fourth quarter primarily due to the following: (cid:130) The $920,000 incentive credit provided during the fourth quarter as previously described, (cid:130) The effect of seasonality which resulted in a decrease in long-distance service revenues in the fourth (cid:130) quarter with no corresponding decrease in certain fixed cost of sales and services, Increased costs associated with additional transponder and network backup capacity incurred in the fourth quarter, and (cid:130) Reduced revenues from WorldCom and Sprint of approximately $1.6 million in the fourth quarter, as described above. Some of these revenues have a lower cost of sales and services as a percentage of revenues as compared to revenues from other traffic we carry. Cable Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Cable services segment revenues increased 5.9% to $23.4 million and average gross revenue per average basic subscriber per month increased $3.16 or 5.7% in fourth quarter. Programming services revenues increased 4.2% to $17.7 million in fourth quarter resulting from the following: (cid:130) Basic subscribers served increased approximately 1,500 to approximately 136,100 at December 31, 2002 as compared to September 30, 2002, (cid:130) New facility construction efforts in 2002 resulted in approximately 1,000 additional homes passed, a 0.5% increase from September 30, 2002, and (cid:130) Digital subscriber counts increased 7.0% to approximately 30,500 at December 31, 2002 as compared to September 30, 2002. Revenue from digital subscribers increased approximately 13.5% or $240,000 from 2001 to 2002. The increase in number of basic subscribers is attributed primarily to the effects of normal seasonality. Cable programming services revenues have historically been highest in the winter months because consumers spend more time at home and tend to watch more television during these months. The cable services segment’s share of cable modem revenue (offered through our Internet services segment) increased $151,000 to $2.3 million in fourth quarter due to an increased number of cable modems deployed. 84 Cable services cost of sales and services increased 2.6% to $5.9 million in fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter. Cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable revenues, which is less as a percentage of revenues than are long-distance, local access and Internet services cost of sales and services, decreased from 26.1% in the third quarter to 25.3% in the fourth quarter. Equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services and advertising sales revenues do not have corresponding costs of sales and services. The decrease in cable services cost of sales and services as a percentage of cable revenues is primarily due to an increase in the percentage of cable revenues earned from equipment rental and installation, cable services’ allocable share of cable modem services, and advertising sales revenues from 23.1% in third quarter to 24.4% in fourth quarter. Increasing revenues from our new high value services are helping mitigate the effect of increasing programming costs on our margins. Local Access Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Local access services segment revenues increased $465,000 in the fourth quarter to $8.6 million primarily due to growth in the average number of customers served. At December 31, 2002 an estimated 96,100 lines were in service as compared to approximately 95,800 lines in service at September 30, 2002. Local access services segment cost of sales and services decreased $90,000 to $5.2 million in the fourth quarter. Local access services segment cost of sales and services as a percentage of local access services segment revenues decreased from 65.9% in the third quarter to 61.2% in the fourth quarter. Internet Services Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales and Services Internet services segment revenues increased $245,000 to $4.2 million in the fourth quarter primarily due to growth in the number of customers served and the number of cable modems deployed. We had approximately 71,700 Internet subscribers at December 31, 2002 as compared to approximately 71,200 at September 30, 2002, of which approximately 36,200 are cable modem subscribers at December 31, 2002 as compared to approximately 33,000 at September 30, 2002. The Internet services segment’s allocable share of cable modem revenues increased $118,000 to $1.8 million in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter. Internet services cost of sales and services was $1.2 million in the third and fourth quarters, and as a percentage of Internet services revenues, totaled 31.3% and 29.2% in the third and fourth quarters, respectively. All Other Revenues and Costs of Sales and Services All Other revenues increased $840,000 to $7.5 million in the fourth quarter primarily due to the provision of additional services to and increased revenues from a certain customer. All Other costs of sales increased $713,000 to $4.4 million in the fourth quarter, and as a percentage of All Other revenues, totaled 54.8% and 58.1% in the third and fourth quarters, respectively. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $725,000 to $32.9 million in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter. As a percentage of revenues, fourth quarter selling, general and administrative expenses were 35.7% as compared to 34.1% for the third quarter. The fourth quarter increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to increased labor costs. Bad Debt Expense Bad debt expense decreased $1.4 million to $250,000 in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter. As a percentage of revenues, fourth quarter bad debt expense was 0.3% as compared to 1.8% for the third quarter. The third quarter included a $1.2 million bad debt expense for uncollected accounts due from WorldCom; no additional bad debt expense for uncollected accounts due from WorldCom was recognized in the fourth quarter. 85 Other Expense, Net Other expense, net of other income, increased 55.8% to $12.0 million due to the following: (cid:130) A 20.5% increase in interest expense to $9.0 million in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter due to the increased interest rate paid on our new Senior Facility starting November 1, 2002, (cid:130) Recognition of $2.3 million in unamortized deferred loan fees upon the refinance of our Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility on November 1, 2002, and Increased deferred loan fees from our Senior Facility starting November 1, 2002. (cid:130) Net Income We reported net income of $491,000 for the fourth quarter as compared to net income of $5.1 million for the third quarter. The decrease is primarily due to seasonal and other decreases in revenues without a corresponding decrease in cost of sales, and increased other expense, net of other income, in the fourth quarter as previously described, partially off-set by decreased income tax expense in the fourth quarter. Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash flows from operating activities totaled $74.5 million in 2002 as compared to $79.9 million in 2001. The decrease in 2002 is primarily due to the effect of the 2001 fiber system capacity sale partially offset by increased cash flow in 2002 from some of our segments. Uses of cash during 2002 include $65.1 million of expenditures for property and equipment, including construction in progress, principal payments of long-term borrowings and capital lease obligations of $17.3 million, payment of $3.1 million in notes receivable issued to related parties, and payment of preferred stock dividends of $2.0 million. Other sources of cash in 2002 include $14.8 million in long-term borrowings and receipt of $946,000 in repayments of notes receivable issued to related parties. Net receivables decreased $4.2 million from December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002 primarily due to decreases in trade receivables for broadband services provided to hospitals and health clinics and telecommunication services provided to other common carriers. The decrease in broadband trade receivables is due to a payment received in 2002 from the federal government. The decrease in other common carrier trade receivables is net of the allowance for amounts due from WorldCom preceding their filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and due to the timing of payments received from a certain common carrier customer. Working capital totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2002, a $11.7 million increase in working capital as compared to a deficit of ($7.5) million as of December 31, 2001. The increase is primarily attributed to classification of $5.7 million of our Senior Holdings Loan as current maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2001. The Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility were subject to a refinancing agreement on November 1, 2002 as further described below, resulting in the classification of all such debt as long-term at December 31, 2002. On November 1, 2002 we closed our $225.0 million bank facility (“Senior Facility”) to refinance the Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility. The Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility had balances of approximately $120.1 million and $60.0 million, respectively, at November 1, 2002. The Senior Facility includes a term loan of $175.0 million and a revolving credit facility of $50.0 million. The Senior Facility matures on November 1, 2004 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 6.50%. We are required to pay a commitment fee equal to 1.5% per annum on the unused portion of the commitment. If the unused revolver is more than $25.0 million the commitment fee increases to 2.0% per annum on the unused portion of the commitment. We recognized $116,000 in commitment fee expense during the year ended December 31, 2002. On November 30, 2003 we are required to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of the amount by which earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization exceeds certain fixed charges as defined in the Senior Facility agreement (“Excess Cash Flow”) during the year ended September 30, 2003. On May 30, 2004 we are required to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of the Excess Cash Flow during the six 86 months ended March 31, 2004. The prepayment required on November 30, 2003, if any, may be funded by a draw on the revolving credit facility. The Senior Facility contains, among others, covenants limiting additional indebtedness and except for cash dividends on existing outstanding preferred stock, prohibits any direct or indirect distribution, dividend, redemption or other payment to any person on account of any general or limited partnership interest in, or shares of capital stock or other securities of GCI, Inc. and subsidiaries. Under the Senior Facility we may not allow the: (cid:130) Ratio of total indebtedness to annualized operating cash flow to be greater than 4.5:1, (cid:130) Ratio of senior secured indebtedness to annualized operating cash flow to be greater than 2.25:1, and (cid:130) Ratio of annualized operating cash flow to total interest expense to be less than 2.50:1. Capital expenditures, other than those incurred to build additional fiber optic cable system capacity, in any of the years ended September 30, 2003, March 31, 2004 and September 30, 2004 may not exceed: (cid:130) (cid:130) $25.0 million, plus 50% of any Excess Cash Flow during the applicable period less certain permitted investments of up to $5.0 million during the applicable period. The Senior Facility allows the issuance of up to $58 million of subordinated debt, the proceeds of which could be used for the acquisition of backup fiber facilities. We expect our 2003 expenditures for property and equipment for our core operations, including construction in progress, will total $40 million to $55 million. $3.0 million of the Senior Facility has been used to provide a letter of credit to secure payment of certain access charges associated with our provision of telecommunications services within the State of Alaska. The term loan is fully drawn and we have drawn $2.7 million against the revolving credit facility plus a $3.0 million letter of credit, which leaves $44.3 million available at December 31, 2002 to draw under the revolving credit facility if needed. The new facility provides us the flexibility to continue to pursue opportunities in the marketplace, however we are not planning to draw down the facility as we expect to continue investing only a portion of what we generate in cash flow in additional capital expenditures for our core business operations. In connection with the funding of the Senior Facility, we paid bank fees and other expenses of approximately $7,141,000 during the year ended December 31, 2002 which will be charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense over the life of the agreement. We funded $6,809,000 of the bank fees and other expenses by a draw on the Senior Facility. On January 3, 2001 we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $50 million in 9.75% fixed rate to variable rate debt. This interest rate swap agreement was called by the counter party at no cost and terminated on August 1, 2002. Effective September 21, 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $25 million of variable interest rate debt equal to the 90 day LIBOR rate plus 334 basis points to 3.98% fixed rate debt plus applicable margins. Terms of the interest rate swap mirror the underlying variable rate debt, except the interest rate swap terminates on September 21, 2004. We were in compliance with all loan covenants at December 31, 2002. 87 Our semi-annual Senior Notes interest payment of $8.8 million was due February 1, 2003 and was paid in full at that time out of existing cash balances. Our next Senior Notes interest payment of $8.8 million is due August 1, 2003. Our expenditures for property and equipment, including construction in progress, totaled $65.1 million and $65.6 million during 2002 and 2001, respectively. Our capital expenditures requirements are largely success driven and are a result of the progress we are making in the marketplace. We expect our 2003 expenditures for property and equipment for our core operations, including construction in progress, to total $40 million to $55 million, depending on available opportunities and the amount of cash flow we generate during 2003. That number excludes any investment we may make with respect to additional undersea fiber capacity. Planned capital expenditures over the next five years include those necessary for continued expansion of our long-distance, local exchange and Internet facilities, supplementation of our existing network backup facilities, continuing development of our Personal Communication Services, or PCS, network, cable telephony, and upgrades to our cable television plant. The financial, credit and economic impacts of WorldCom’s bankruptcy filing on the industry in general and on us in particular are not yet fully understood and are not predictable. We currently cannot predict the timing or amount that WorldCom will pay on outstanding balances due us as of their bankruptcy filing date of July 21, 2002. Unpaid balances due from WorldCom for services rendered prior to their filing date total approximately $12.9 million at December 31, 2002, against which we have reserved $11.6 million. We believe that payment for services provided to WorldCom subsequent to their bankruptcy filing date will continue to be made timely, consistent with our status in WorldCom’s filing as a key service provider or utility to WorldCom. A conversion of WorldCom’s bankruptcy petition to Chapter 7, unfavorable reaffirmation of our pre-filing contracts and agreements with WorldCom, or a migration of WorldCom’s traffic off our network without it being replaced by other common carriers that interconnect with our network, could have a materially adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity. Dividends earned on our Series B preferred stock are payable at the semi-annual payment dates of April 30 and October 31 of each year. The determination of whether the dividend due on April 30, 2003 will be paid in cash or additional fully paid shares of Series B preferred stock will be made on or before the due date. Dividends earned on our Series B preferred stock are payable in cash only beginning October 31, 2003. Redemption is required on April 30, 2011. Dividends earned on our Series C preferred stock are payable in cash quarterly. We may redeem the Series C preferred stock at any time in whole but not in part. Mandatory redemption is required at any time after June 30, 2005 at the option of holders of 80% of the outstanding shares of the Series C preferred stock. The redemption price is $1,000 per share plus the amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends, whether earned or declared, through the redemption date. The long-distance, local access, cable, Internet and wireless services industries continue to experience substantial competition, regulatory uncertainty, and continuing technological changes. Our future results of operations will be affected by our ability to react to changes in the competitive and regulatory environment and by our ability to fund and implement new or enhanced technologies. We are unable to determine how competition, economic conditions, and regulatory and technological changes will affect our ability to obtain financing. The telecommunications industry in general is depressed due to high levels of competition in the long-distance market resulting in pressures to reduce prices, an oversupply of long-haul capacity, excessive debt loads, several high-profile company failures and potentially fraudulent accounting practices by some companies. Our ability to refinance existing debt and to obtain new debt under acceptable terms and conditions in the short-term and long- term may be diminished as a result. 88 We believe that we will be able to meet our current and long-term liquidity and capital requirements, fixed charges and preferred stock dividends through our cash flows from operating activities, existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, credit facilities, and other external financing and equity sources. Should cash flows be insufficient to support additional borrowings and principal payments scheduled under our existing credit facilities, capital expenditures will likely be reduced. New Accounting Standards In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”. SFAS No. 143 provides accounting and reporting standards for costs associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. This statement requires entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. We will adopt this statement January 1, 2003. Upon adoption, we expect to record a cumulative effect of approximately $910,000 as a decrease in equity due to a change in accounting principle, and expect to record an asset retirement obligation of approximately $1.6 million and capitalized costs of approximately $650,000. In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”. Upon adoption of SFAS 146, enterprises may only record exit or disposal costs when they are incurred and can be measured at fair value. The recorded liability will be subsequently adjusted for changes in estimated cash flows. SFAS 146 revises accounting for specified employee and contract terminations that are part of restructuring activities. We will adopt this statement January 1, 2003 and do not expect it to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. On December 31, 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure”. This Statement amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The transition provisions and annual statement disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148 have been adopted for the year ended December 31, 2002. The interim statement disclosure requirements are effective for the first interim statement that includes financial information after December 15, 2002. We have elected to continue to apply the intrinsic-value method. Critical Accounting Policies Our accounting and reporting policies comply with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. The financial position and results of operations can be affected by these estimates and assumptions, which are integral to understanding reported results. Critical accounting policies are those policies that management believes are the most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and require management to make estimates that are difficult, subjective or complex. Most accounting policies are not considered by management to be critical accounting policies. Several factors are considered in determining whether or not a policy is critical in the preparation of financial statements. These factors include, among other things, whether the estimates are significant to the financial statements, the nature of the estimates, the ability to readily validate the estimates with other information including third parties or available prices, and sensitivity of the estimates to changes in economic conditions and whether alternative accounting methods may be utilized under generally accepted accounting principles. For all of these policies, management cautions that future events rarely develop exactly as forecast, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Management has discussed the development and the selection of critical accounting policies with the Company’s Audit Committee. 89 Those policies considered to be critical accounting policies for the year ended December 31, 2002 are described below. (cid:130) We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We base our estimates on the aging of our accounts receivable balances, financial health of specific customers, and our historical write-off experience, net of recoveries. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate or if they are unable to emerge from reorganization proceedings, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. If their financial condition improves or they emerge successfully from reorganization proceedings, allowances may be reduced. Such allowance changes could have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Refer to Note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our provision of a $11.6 million allowance for WorldCom receivable balances. (cid:130) We record all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions, including goodwill and other intangibles, at fair value as required by SFAS 141. Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets such as our cable segment franchise agreements are no longer amortized but are subject, at a minimum, to annual tests for impairment. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. The initial goodwill and other intangibles recorded and subsequent impairment analysis requires management to make subjective judgments concerning estimates of how the acquired asset will perform in the future using a discounted cash flow analysis. Additionally, estimated cash flows may extend beyond ten years and, by their nature, are difficult to determine over an extended timeframe. Events and factors that may significantly affect the estimates include, among others, competitive forces, customer behaviors and attrition, changes in revenue growth trends, cost structures and technology, and changes in discount rates, performance compared to peers, material and ongoing negative economic trends, and specific industry or market sector conditions. In determining the reasonableness of cash flow estimates, we review historical performance of the underlying asset or similar assets in an effort to improve assumptions utilized in our estimates. In assessing the fair value of reportable operating segments, we may consider other information to validate the reasonableness of our valuations including public market comparables, multiples of recent mergers and acquisitions of similar businesses and third- party assessments. These evaluations could result in a change in useful lives in future periods and could result in write-down of the value of intangible assets. Because of the significance of the identified intangible assets and goodwill to our consolidated balance sheet, the annual impairment analysis will be critical. Any changes in key assumptions about the business and its prospects, or changes in market conditions or other externalities, could result in an impairment charge and such a charge could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Refer to Note 4 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding intangible assets. (cid:130) We estimate unbilled long-distance segment cost of sales based upon minutes of use carried through our network and established rates. We estimate unbilled costs for new circuits and services, and when network changes occur that result in traffic routing changes or a change in carriers. Carriers that provide service to us regularly change their networks which can lead to new, revised or corrected billings. Such estimates are revised or removed when subsequent billings are received, payments are made, billing matters are researched and resolved, tariffed billing periods lapse, or when disputed charges are resolved. Revisions to previous estimates could either increase or decrease costs in the year in which the estimate is revised which could have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. 90 (cid:130) Our income tax policy provides for deferred income taxes to show the effect of temporary differences between the recognition of revenue and expenses for financial and income tax reporting purposes and between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” We have recorded deferred tax assets of approximately $76.9 million associated with income tax net operating losses that were generated from 1980 to 2002, and that expire from 2005 to 2022. Pre-acquisition income tax net operating losses associated with acquired companies are subject to additional deductibility limits. We have recorded deferred tax assets of approximately $1.9 million associated with alternative minimum tax credits that do not expire. Significant management judgment is required in developing our provision for income taxes, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances that may be required against the deferred tax assets. In conjunction with certain 1996 acquisitions, we determined that approximately $20 million of the acquired net operating losses would not be utilized for income tax purposes, and elected with our December 31, 1996 income tax returns to forego utilization of such acquired losses. Deferred tax assets were not recorded associated with the foregone losses and, accordingly, no valuation allowance was provided. We have not recorded a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2002 based on management’s belief that future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and estimated future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, will, more likely than not, be sufficient to realize the benefit of these assets over time. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or if our historical trends change, we may be required to record a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Refer to Note 7 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding income taxes. Other significant accounting policies, not involving the same level of measurement uncertainties as those discussed above, are nevertheless important to an understanding of the financial statements. Polices related to revenue recognition (including fiber sales transactions) and financial instruments require difficult judgments on complex matters that are often subject to multiple sources of authoritative guidance. Certain of these matters are among topics currently under reexamination by accounting standards setters and regulators. Although no specific conclusions reached by these standard setters appear likely to cause a material change in our accounting policies, outcomes cannot be predicted with confidence. Significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Geographic Concentration and the Alaska Economy We offer voice and data telecommunication and video services to customers primarily throughout Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, growth of our business and of our operations depends upon economic conditions in Alaska. The economy of Alaska is dependent upon the natural resource industries, and in particular oil production, as well as investment earnings, tourism, government, and United States military spending. Any deterioration in these markets could have an adverse impact on us. In fiscal 2002 the State’s preliminary actual results indicate that Alaska’s oil revenues and federal funding supplied 47% and 44%, respectively, of the state’s total revenues. All of the federal funding is dedicated for specific purposes, leaving oil revenues as the primary funding source of general operating expenditures. In fiscal 2003 state economists forecast that Alaska’s federal funding and oil revenues will supply 44% and 35%, respectively, of the state’s total projected revenues. The volume of oil transported by the TransAlaska Oil Pipeline System over the past 20 years has been as high as 2.0 million barrels per day in fiscal 1988. Production has been declining over the last several years with an average of 1.003 million barrels produced per day in fiscal 2002. The state forecasts the production of 0.994 million barrels per day in fiscal 2003, and a production rate slightly above 1.0 million barrels per day starting in fiscal 2008. The state attributes the production rate increase to future development of recent discoveries in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska and other new fields. 91 Market prices for North Slope oil averaged $21.78 in fiscal 2002 and are forecasted to average $25.94 in fiscal 2003. State economists forecast the average price of North Slope oil to decline to $23.25 in fiscal 2004. The closing price per barrel was $35.61 on February 25, 2003. The state’s forecasted 2003 average oil price assumes there will not be a war with Iraq. If there is a war, the state expects oil prices to increase to over $30 per barrel in 2003 with a price decrease after a war, as Iraq may increase its own oil production to raise needed cash to rebuild the country. To the extent that actual oil prices vary materially from the state’s projected prices the state’s projected revenues and deficits will change. Every $1 change in the price of oil results in a $50.0 to $60.0 million change in the state’s revenue. The production policy of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its ability to continue to act in concert represents a key uncertainty in the state’s revenue forecast. The State of Alaska maintains the Constitutional Budget Reserve Fund that is intended to fund budgetary shortfalls. If the state’s current projections are realized, the Constitutional Budget Reserve Fund will be depleted in 2005. The date the Constitutional Budget Reserve Fund is depleted is highly influenced by the price of oil. If the fund is depleted, aggressive state action will be necessary to increase revenues and reduce spending in order to balance the budget. The governor of the State of Alaska and the Alaska legislature continue to pursue cost cutting and revenue enhancing measures. The governor submitted a budget proposal to the Alaska Legislature on March 5, 2003 that includes a number of cost reductions totaling over $189 million, and proposes increased revenues totaling over $100 million through, among other things, increased user fees, license fees, motor fuel tax, gaming fees, and filing fees. In 2002 the Alaska Legislature passed and the Governor signed legislation that, among other things, increased certain alcohol beverage taxes, increased the state minimum wage to $7.15 per hour (adjusted for inflation in future years), and extended the termination date of the RCA one year to June 30, 2003. The Governor has proposed legislation to the Alaska Legislature requesting that the RCA be extended for an additional four years. Tourism, air cargo, and service sectors have helped offset the prevailing pattern of oil industry downsizing that has occurred during much of the last several years. Funds from federal sources totaling $2.3 billion are expected to be distributed to the State of Alaska for highways and other federally supported projects in fiscal 2003. Should new oil discoveries or developments not materialize or the price of oil become depressed, the long term trend of continued decline in oil production from the Prudhoe Bay area is inevitable with a corresponding adverse impact on the economy of the state, in general, and on demand for telecommunications and cable television services, and, therefore, on us, in particular. In the past year, there has been a renewed effort to allow exploration and development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (“ANWR”). The U.S. Energy Information Agency estimates it could take nine years to begin oil field drilling after approval of ANWR exploration. Deployment of a natural gas pipeline from the State of Alaska’s North Slope to the Lower 48 states has been proposed to supplement natural gas supplies. A competing natural gas pipeline through Canada has also been proposed. The economic viability of a natural gas pipeline depends upon the price of and demand for natural gas. Either project could have a positive impact on the State of Alaska’s revenues and the Alaska economy. According to their public comments, neither Exxon Mobil, BP nor Conoco Phillips, Alaska’s large natural gas owners, believe either natural gas pipeline makes financial sense based upon their preliminary analysis, though BP and Conoco Phillips have proposed certain federal income tax incentives that would take effect if the price for Alaska natural gas goes below a certain level. The governor of the State of Alaska and certain natural gas transportation companies continue to support a natural gas pipeline from Alaska’s North Slope by trying to reduce the project’s costs and by advocating for federal tax incentives to further reduce the project’s costs. In April 2002 the U.S. Senate passed an energy bill mandating, among other items, federal tax incentives for a natural gas pipeline from the North Slope to the Lower 48. This energy bill lapsed during the subsequent congressional adjournment. Development of the ballistic missile defense system project may have a significant impact on Alaskan telecommunication requirements and the Alaska economy. The proposed system would be a fixed, land-based, 92 non-nuclear missile defense system with a land and space based detection system capable of responding to limited strategic ballistic missile threats to the United States. The preferred alternative is deployment of a system with up to 100 ground-based interceptor silos and battle management command and control facilities at Fort Greely, Alaska; and an X-Band Radar at Eareckson Air Station on Shemya Island, Alaska. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers awarded a construction contract in 2002 for test bed facilities. The contract is reported to contain basic requirements and various options that could amount to $250 million in construction, or possibly more, if all items are executed. Site preparation has been underway at Fort Greely since August of 2001 and construction began on the Fort Greely test bed shortly after the June 15, 2002 groundbreaking. The test bed is due to be operational by September 30, 2004. We have, since our entry into the telecommunication marketplace, aggressively marketed our services to seek a larger share of the available market. The customer base in Alaska is limited, however, with a population of approximately 644,000 people. The State of Alaska’s population is distributed as follows: (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) 42% are located in the Municipality of Anchorage, 13% are located in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, 10% are located in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, and 5% are located in the City and Borough of Juneau. The remaining population is spread out over the vast reaches of Alaska. No assurance can be given that the driving forces in the Alaska economy, and in particular, oil production, will continue at appropriate levels to provide an environment for expanded economic activity. No assurance can be given that oil companies doing business in Alaska will be successful in discovering new fields or further developing existing fields which are economic to develop and produce oil with access to the pipeline or other means of transport to market, even with a reduced level of royalties. We are not able to predict the effect of changes in the price and production volumes of North Slope oil on Alaska’s economy or on us. Seasonality Long-distance revenues (primarily those derived from our other common carrier customers) have historically been highest in the summer months because of temporary population increases attributable to tourism and increased seasonal economic activity such as construction, commercial fishing, and oil and gas activities. Cable television revenues, on the other hand, are higher in the winter months because consumers spend more time at home and tend to watch more television during these months. Local access and Internet services are not expected to exhibit significant seasonality. Our ability to implement construction projects is also hampered during the winter months because of cold temperatures, snow and short daylight hours. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have not created, and are not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating parts of our business that are not consolidated into our financial statements. We do not have any arrangements or relationships with entities that are not consolidated into our financial statements that are reasonably likely to materially affect our liquidity or the availability of our capital resources. 93 Schedule of Certain Contractual Obligations The following table details future projected payments associated with our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2002 (amounts in thousands). Payments Due by Period Long-term debt Interest on long-term debt Capital lease obligations, including interest Operating lease commitments Redeemable preferred stocks Total contractual obligations Total $ 357,700 Less than 1 Year 1 to 3 Years --- 177,700 87,750 17,550 35,100 4 to 5 Years 180,000 35,100 68,943 5,115 19,845 18,607 67,673 11,780 27,298 10,150 --- $ 609,364 34,445 261,402 18,536 12,878 --- 246,514 More Than 5 Years --- --- 25,447 24,408 17,148 67,003 For long-term debt included in the above table, we have included principal payments on our Senior Facility and our Senior Notes. Interest on amounts outstanding under our Senior Facility is based on variable rates and therefore the amount is not determinable. Our Senior Notes require semi-annual interest payments of approximately $8.78 million through 2007. For a discussion of our long-term debt, see note 6 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. For a discussion of our capital and operating leases, see note 12 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. We have included only the maturity redemption amount on our Series B and C preferred stock (cash dividends are excluded). Our Series B preferred stock is convertible at $5.55 per share into GCI Class A common stock. Through April 30, 2003, dividends are payable semi-annually at the rate of 8.5%, plus accrued but unpaid dividends, at our option, in cash or in additional fully-paid shares of Series B preferred stock. Dividends earned after April 30, 2003, are payable semi-annually in cash only. Mandatory redemption is required 12 years from the date of closing. Our Series C preferred stock is convertible at $12 per share into GCI Class A common stock, is non-voting, and pays a 6% per annum quarterly cash dividend. We may redeem the Series C preferred stock at any time in whole but not in part. Mandatory redemption is required at any time after the fourth anniversary date at the option of holders of 80% of the outstanding shares of the Series C preferred stock. For more information about our redeemable preferred stock, see note 1(e) to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report. Regulatory Developments You should read Part I, Item 1 Business, Regulation, Franchise Authorizations and Tariffs for more information about regulatory developments affecting us. Inflation We do not believe that inflation has a significant effect on our operations. Audit Committee The Audit Committee, composed entirely of outside directors, meets periodically with our independent auditors and management to review the Company's financial statements and the results of audit activities. The Audit Committee, in turn, reports to the Board of Directors on the results of its review and recommends the selection of independent auditors. 94 The Audit Committee has approved the independent auditor to provide the following services: (cid:130) Audit (audit of financial statements filed with the SEC, quarterly reviews, comfort letters, consents, review of registration statements, accounting consultations); and (cid:130) Audit-related (employee benefit plan audits and accounting consultation on proposed transactions). Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to various types of market risk in the normal course of business, including the impact of interest rate changes. We do not hold derivatives for trading purposes. Our new Senior Facility carries interest rate risk. Amounts borrowed under this Agreement bear interest at Libor plus 6.5%. Should the Libor rate change, our interest expense will increase or decrease accordingly. On September 21, 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $25.0 million of variable interest rate debt to 3.98% fixed rate debt plus applicable margin. As of December 31, 2002, we have borrowed $177.7 million of which $152.7 million subject to interest rate risk. On this amount, a 1% increase in the interest rate would cost us $1,527,000 in additional gross interest cost on an annualized basis. Our Satellite Transponder Capital Lease carries interest rate risk. Amounts borrowed under this Agreement bear interest at Libor plus 3.25%. Should the Libor rate change, our interest expense will increase or decrease accordingly. As of December 31, 2002, we have borrowed $44.9 million subject to interest rate risk. On this amount, a 1% increase in the interest rate would cost us $449,000 in additional gross interest cost on an annualized basis. Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Our consolidated financial statements are filed under this Item, beginning on Page 98. The financial statement schedules required under Regulation S-X are filed pursuant to Item 15 of this Report. Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 are incorporated herein by reference from our Proxy Statement for our 2003 Annual Shareholders’ meeting. Part III 95 Item 14. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Within the 90 days prior to the date of this report, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c)) under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Controls There were no significant changes in our internal controls or, to our knowledge, in other factors that could significantly affect our disclosure controls and procedures subsequent to the date we carried out this evaluation. We may enhance, modify, and supplement internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures based on experience. 96 Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K Part IV (a)(l) Consolidated Financial Statements Included in Part II of this Report: Independent Auditors’ Report Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2002 and 2001 Consolidated Statements of Operations, Years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, Years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (a)(2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules Included in Part IV of this Report: Independent Auditors’ Report Schedule VIII - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, Years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 (b) Exhibits Page No. 98 99 -- 100 101 102 -- 103 104 105 -- 139 145 146 140 Other schedules are omitted, as they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the applicable financial statements or notes thereto. 97 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT The Board of Directors General Communication, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of General Communication, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2002. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of General Communication, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Anchorage, Alaska February 26, 2003 /s/ KPMG LLP 98 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Receivables: Trade Employee Other Less allowance for doubtful receivables Net receivables Prepaid and other current assets Deferred income taxes, net Property held for sale Notes receivable from related parties Inventories Total current assets Property and equipment in service, at cost: Land and buildings Telephony distribution systems Cable television distribution systems Support equipment Transportation equipment Property and equipment under capital leases Less accumulated depreciation Net property and equipment in service Construction in progress Net property and equipment December 31, 2001 2002 (Amounts in thousands) $ 11,940 11,097 63,111 391 3,093 66,595 14,010 52,585 9,171 8,509 1,037 697 400 58,895 358 1,678 60,931 4,166 56,765 3,061 4,690 481 182 542 84,339 76,818 2,982 39,807 5,687 51,770 3,116 344,566 335,238 149,415 134,697 46,013 4,890 50,771 594,227 574,725 212,833 178,838 381,394 395,887 11,041 398,352 406,928 16,958 Cable certificates, net of amortization of $26,884,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001 Goodwill, net of amortization of $7,200,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001 Other intangible assets, net of amortization of $1,807,000 and $1,252,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively Deferred loan and senior notes costs, net of amortization of $4,110,000 and $5,568,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively Notes receivable from related parties Other assets, at cost, net of amortization of $65,000 and $70,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively Total other assets Total assets See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 191,132 191,132 41,972 40,940 2,689 3,387 9,961 5,142 7,630 3,246 5,195 4,598 256,091 250,933 $ 738,782 734,679 99 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued) LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt and obligations under capital leases Accounts payable Deferred revenue Accrued payroll and payroll related obligations Accrued interest Accrued liabilities Subscriber deposits Total current liabilities Long-term debt, excluding current maturities Obligations under capital leases, excluding current maturities Obligation under capital lease due to related party, excluding current maturities Deferred income taxes, net of deferred income tax benefit Other liabilities Total liabilities Redeemable preferred stock Stockholders’ equity: Common stock (no par): December 31, 2002 2001 (Amounts in thousands) $ 1,857 33,605 18,290 11,821 7,938 5,763 889 80,163 357,700 44,072 703 16,061 4,956 503,655 7,346 36,464 11,129 15,289 8,049 4,938 1,121 84,336 346,000 44,933 703 25,069 4,339 505,380 26,907 26,907 Class A. Authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 51,795,187 and 50,967,196 shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively 199,903 195,647 Class B. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued 3,874,607 and 3,882,843 shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively; convertible on a share-per-share basis into Class A common stock Less cost of 316,554 and 296,554 Class A common shares held in treasury at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively Paid-in capital Notes receivable with related parties issued upon stock option exercise Retained earnings (deficit) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total stockholders' equity Commitments and contingencies Total liabilities and stockholders' equity See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 3,274 3,281 (1,836) (1,659) 11,222 (5,650) 1,847 (540) 10,474 (2,588) (2,771) 8 208,220 202,392 $ 738,782 734,679 100 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 2002 2001 (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 2000 Revenues $ 367,842 123,564 129,029 13,124 56,400 45,725 (29,316) (4,612) 525 --- (33,403) 12,322 (5,659) 6,663 357,258 139,793 116,536 4,279 55,675 40,975 (31,208) (1,402) 294 --- (32,316) 292,605 119,712 99,908 5,010 50,655 17,320 (38,845) (1,317) 702 491 (38,969) 8,659 (21,649) (4,070) 4,589 8,415 (13,234) 0.08 0.05 (0.29) Cost of sales and services Selling, general and administrative expenses Bad debt expense Depreciation and amortization expense Operating income Other income (expense): Interest expense Deferred loan and senior notes fee expense Interest income Gain on sale of property and equipment Other expense, net Net income (loss) before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net income (loss) Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share: $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 101 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Class A Shares Held in Treasury Paid-in Capital Notes Receivable Issued to Related Parties Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $176,740 --- 3,422 --- (1,607) --- 6,343 --- (2,167) --- 9,817 (13,234) Purchase Plan Purchase of treasury stock Preferred stock series B dividends Balances at December 31, 2000 3,249 --- --- $ 182,706 (Amounts in thousands) Balances at December 31, 1999 Net loss Tax effect of excess stock compensation expense for tax purposes over amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan and notes issued upon stock option exercise Amortization of the excess of GCI stock market value over stock option exercise cost on date of stock option grant Shares issued upon warrant exercise Shares issued to Employee Stock Net income Change in fair value of cash flow hedge, net of income tax expense of $5 Comprehensive income Tax effect of excess stock compensation expense for tax purposes over amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan Amortization of the excess of GCI stock market value over stock option exercise cost on date of stock option grant Shares issued to Employee Stock Purchase Plan Acquisition of G.C. Cablevision, Inc. net assets and customer base Series B preferred stock converted to Class A common stock Payment received on note issued upon --- 123 --- (123) --- --- 640 --- --- --- 1,213 --- --- --- (809) --- 1,381 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 3,299 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 18 4,182 --- (18) --- --- 688 2,388 5,665 --- --- --- --- --- (52) --- (1,659) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 385 --- --- --- --- 7,368 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- (2,976) --- --- (1,841) (5,258) --- 4,589 2,317 --- --- --- --- (300) 789 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- officer stock option exercise Preferred stock series B dividends Preferred stock series C dividends Balances at December 31, 2001 --- --- --- $195,647 --- --- --- 3,281 --- --- --- --- --- --- (1,659) 10,474 688 --- --- (2,588) --- (1,801) (301) (2,771) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 8 Total 192,548 (13,234) 640 --- 404 385 1,381 3,249 (52) (1,841) 183,480 4,589 8 4,597 2,317 --- 3,882 789 688 2,388 5,665 688 (1,801) (301) 202,392 102 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 (Continued) (Amounts in thousands) Balances at December 31, 2001 Net income Change in fair value of cash flow hedge, net of income tax benefit of $459 Comprehensive income Tax effect of excess stock compensation expense for tax purposes over amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan Amortization of the excess of GCI stock market value over stock option exercise cost on date of stock option grant Shares issued to Employee Stock Purchase Plan Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock Class A Shares Held in Treasury Paid-in Capital Notes Receivable Issued to Related Parties Retained Earnings (Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) $195,647 --- 3,281 --- (1,659) 10,474 --- --- (2,588) --- (2,771) 6,663 8 --- Total 202,392 6,663 --- --- --- --- --- 7 3,372 --- 791 --- (7) --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 319 --- --- --- --- (3,062) 429 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- (548) --- (548) 6,115 --- --- --- --- --- 319 --- 310 429 791 Shares issued to acquire minority shareholders’ interest in GFCC --- --- Purchase of treasury stock --- Preferred stock series B dividends --- Preferred stock series C dividends Balances at December 31, 2002 3,274 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 86 --- --- --- $199,903 --- (177) --- --- --- --- --- --- (1,836) 11,222 --- --- --- --- (5,650) --- --- (1,445) (600) 1,847 --- --- --- --- (540) 86 (177) (1,445) (600) 208,220 103 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000 2002 2001 (Amounts in thousands) 2000 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating $ 6,663 4,589 (13,234) activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization charged to selling, general and administrative expense Deferred loan cost expense Non-cash cost of sales Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Deferred compensation and compensatory stock options Bad debt expense, net of write-offs Employee Stock Purchase Plan expense funded with issuance of General Communication, Inc. Class A common stock Write-off of capitalized interest Gain on sale of property and equipment Other noncash income and expense items Change in operating assets and liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, including construction period interest Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Acquisition of Rogers net of cash received Advances and billings to Kanas (Payment) refund of deposit Purchases of other assets and intangible assets Payments received on notes receivable from related parties Notes receivable issued to related parties Purchases of and additions to property held for sale Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Long-term borrowings - bank debt Repayments of long-term borrowings and capital lease obligations Proceeds from common stock issuance, net of notes receivable from related parties issued upon stock option exercise Payment of preferred stock dividends Payment received on note receivable from related parties issued upon stock option exercise Payment of debt issuance costs Purchase of treasury stock Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 56,400 --- 4,612 --- 5,754 978 9,844 791 --- --- 90 (10,654) 74,478 (65,140) --- --- --- --- (1,657) 946 (3,055) (38) (68,944) 55,675 --- 1,402 10,877 3,958 1,191 1,294 50,655 554 1,317 --- (8,415) 982 983 --- 170 --- (44) 815 79,927 2,773 1,955 (491) 356 5,919 43,354 (65,638) --- (18,533) (5,404) (1,200) (1,096) 1,065 (959) (101) (91,866) (50,873) 802 --- --- 9,100 (2,957) 455 (971) (1,550) (45,994) 14,766 (17,279) 29,000 (13,667) 5,000 (11,151) 396 (2,045) 3,882 (2,200) 1,706 --- --- (352) (177) (4,691) 843 11,097 688 (629) --- 17,074 5,135 5,962 --- (635) (52) (5,132) (7,772) 13,734 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 11,940 11,097 5,962 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 104 GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (l) Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles In the following discussion, General Communication, Inc. (“GCI”) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries are referred to as “we,” “us” and “our”. (a) Business GCI, an Alaska corporation, was incorporated in 1979. We offer the following services: (cid:130) Long-distance telephone service between Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, and other communities in Alaska and the remaining United States and foreign countries Internet access services (cid:130) Cable television services throughout Alaska (cid:130) Facilities-based competitive local access services in Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau, Alaska (cid:130) (cid:130) Termination of traffic in Alaska for certain common carriers (cid:130) Private line and private network services (cid:130) Managed services to certain commercial customers (cid:130) Broadband services, including our SchoolAccess offering to rural school districts and a similar offering to rural hospitals and health clinics (cid:130) Sales and service of dedicated communications systems and related equipment (cid:130) Lease and sales of capacity on two undersea fiber optic cables used in the transmission of interstate and intrastate private line, switched message long-distance and Internet services between Alaska and the remaining United States and foreign countries (b) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GCI, GCI’s subsidiary GCI, Inc., GCI, Inc.’s subsidiary GCI Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”), GCI Holdings, Inc.’s subsidiaries GCI Communication Corp., GCI Cable, Inc., GCI Transport Co., Inc., GCI Fiber Communication Co., Inc. (“GFCC,” formerly known as Kanas Telecom, Inc. (“Kanas”)), GCI Fiber Co., Inc. and Fiber Hold Co., Inc. and GCI Fiber Co., Inc.’s and Fiber Hold Co., Inc.’s partnership Alaska United Fiber System Partnership (“Alaska United”), GCI Communication Corp.’s subsidiary Potter View Development Co., Inc., GCI Cable, Inc.’s subsidiary GCI American Cablesystems, Inc., GCI American Cablesystems, Inc.’s subsidiary GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc., and GCI Transport Co., Inc.’s subsidiary GCI Satellite Co., Inc. All subsidiaries are wholly-owned at December 31, 2002. Effective January 1, 2003 GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. and GCI American Cablesystems, Inc.’s subsidiary GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. were merged with GCI Cable, Inc. The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of GCI and its wholly owned subsidiaries with all significant intercompany transactions eliminated. 105 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (c) Net Income (Loss) per Common Share Net income (loss) per common share (“EPS”) and common shares used to calculate basic and diluted EPS consist of the following (amounts in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2002 Shares (Denom- inator) Per-share Amounts Income (Num- erator) $6,663 1,445 600 4,618 55,081 $ .08 --- 584 --- $4,618 55,665 $ .08 Net income Less preferred stock dividends: Series B Series C Basic EPS: Income available to common stockholders Effect of Dilutive Securities: Unexercised stock options Diluted EPS: Income available to common stockholders Years Ended December 31, 2001 Shares (Denom- inator) Per-share Amounts Income (Num- erator) $4,589 1,801 301 2000 Shares (Denom- inator) Per-share Amounts Loss (Num- erator) $(13,234) --- 1,841 2,487 53,091 $ .05 (15,075) 51,444 $ (.29) --- 1,381 --- --- --- --- $2,487 54,472 $ .05 $(15,075) 51,444 $ (.29) Net income (loss) Less preferred stock dividends: Series B Series C Basic EPS: Income (loss) available to common stockholders Effect of Dilutive Securities: Unexercised stock options Diluted EPS: Income (loss) available to common stockholders 106 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Common equivalent shares outstanding which are anti-dilutive for purposes of calculating EPS for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, are not included in the diluted EPS calculations, and consist of the following (shares, in thousands): Unexercised stock options Series B redeemable preferred stock Series C redeemable preferred stock Anti-dilutive common shares outstanding 2002 --- 3,062 833 3,895 2001 --- 3,832 833 4,665 2000 527 4,070 --- 4,597 Weighted average shares associated with outstanding stock options for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 which have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculations because the options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares consist of the following (shares, in thousands): Weighted average shares associated with outstanding stock options 2002 2001 2000 2,545 36 3,123 Effective March 31, 2001 we acquired the assets and customer base of G.C. Cablevision, Inc. The seller received 238,199 unregistered shares of GCI Class A common stock with a future payment in additional shares contingent upon the market price of our common stock on a future date. At December 31, 2002 the market price condition was not met and approximately 183,200 shares of GCI Class A common stock would be issuable if this date was the end of the contingency period. Additional shares, if any, will be issued after March 31, 2003. 107 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (d) Common Stock Following is the statement of common stock at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 (shares, in thousands): Balances at December 31, 1999 Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan Shares issued and issuable to Employee Stock Purchase Plan Warrant exercise Balances at December 31, 2000 Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan Conversion of preferred stock Series B to Class A common stock Shares issued upon acquisition of G.C. Cablevision, Inc. net assets and customer base Balances at December 31, 2001 Class B shares converted to Class A Shares issued under stock option plan Shares issued to GCI Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares issued to acquire minority shareholders’ interest in GFCC Balances at December 31, 2002 Class A 46,870 144 513 691 425 48,643 21 1,044 1,021 Class B 4,048 (144) --- --- --- 3,904 (21) --- --- 238 50,967 --- 3,883 8 584 221 (8) --- --- 15 51,795 --- 3,875 (e) Redeemable Preferred Stocks Redeemable preferred stocks at December 31, 2002 and 2001 consist of (amounts in thousands): Series B Series C 2002 $ 16,907 10,000 $ 26,907 2001 16,907 10,000 26,907 We have 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized with the following shares issued at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 (shares, in thousands): Series B Series C Balances at December 31, 1999 and 2000 Shares issued in lieu of cash dividend payment Shares converted to GCI Class A common stock Shares issued upon acquisition of Kanas Balances at December 31, 2001 and 2002 20 3 (6) --- 17 --- --- --- 10 10 108 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements As of December 31, 2002, the combined aggregate amount of preferred stock mandatory redemption requirements follow (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 $ --- --- 10,150 --- --- $ 10,150 Series B We issued 20,000 shares of convertible redeemable accreting Series B preferred stock on April 30, 1999. Proceeds totaling $20 million (before payment of expenses) were used for general corporate purposes, to repay outstanding indebtedness, and to provide additional liquidity. The Series B preferred stock is convertible at $5.55 per share into GCI Class A common stock. Through April 30, 2003, dividends are payable semi-annually at the rate of 8.5%, plus accrued but unpaid dividends, at our option, in cash or in additional fully-paid shares of Series B preferred stock. Dividends earned after April 30, 2003, are payable semi-annually in cash only. Mandatory redemption is required 12 years from the date of closing. The redemption amount of our convertible redeemable accreting Series B preferred stock at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $17,148,000. The difference between the carrying and redemption amounts is due to accrued dividends which are included in Accrued Liabilities until either paid in cash or through the issuance of additional Series B preferred stock. Series C We issued 10,000 shares of convertible redeemable accreting Series C preferred stock as of June 30, 2001 to acquire a controlling interest in Kanas (see note 3). The Series C preferred stock is convertible at $12 per share into GCI Class A common stock, is non-voting, and pays a 6% per annum quarterly cash dividend. We may redeem the Series C preferred stock at any time in whole but not in part. Mandatory redemption is required at any time after the fourth anniversary date at the option of holders of 80% of the outstanding shares of the Series C preferred stock. The redemption price is $1,000 per share plus the amount of all accrued and unpaid dividends, whether earned or declared, through the redemption date. In the event of a liquidation of GCI, the holders of Series C preferred stock shall be entitled to be paid an amount equal to the redemption price before any distribution or payment is made upon our common stock and other shares of our capital stock hereafter issued which by its terms is junior to the Series C preferred stock. Series B preferred stock is senior to Series C preferred stock. The redemption amount of our convertible redeemable accreting Series C preferred stock on December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $10,000,000. (f) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash. (g) Inventories Inventory of merchandise for resale and parts is stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the average cost method. (h) Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost. Construction costs of facilities are capitalized. Equipment financed under capital leases is recorded at the lower of fair market value or the present value of future minimum lease payments. Construction in progress represents distribution systems and support equipment not placed in service on December 31, 2002; management intends to place this equipment in service during 2003 and 2004. 109 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis based upon the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term, if applicable, in the following ranges: Asset Category Telephony distribution and fiber optic cable systems Cable television distribution systems Support equipment Transportation equipment Property and equipment under capital leases Asset Lives 10-20 years 10 years 3-5 years 5-10 years 5-15 years Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Gains or losses are recognized at the time of retirements, sales or other dispositions of property. (i) Intangible Assets Effective January 1, 2002, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Cable certificates (certificates of convenience and public necessity) represent certain perpetual operating rights to provide cable services and were amortized on a straight-line basis over 20 to 40 years in the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000. Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of net assets acquired and was amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of 10 to 40 years in the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000. We have not recognized amortization expense for Cable certificates or goodwill in the year ended December 31, 2002. Cable certificates and goodwill are tested for impairment annually. As of January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 cable certificates and goodwill were tested for impairment by comparing the fair values to the carrying amounts of the intangible assets. The fair values were greater than the carrying amounts, therefore these intangible assets were determined not to be impaired at December 31, 2002. The remaining useful lives of our Cable certificates and goodwill were evaluated as of December 31, 2002 and events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. Intangible assets are recorded at unamortized cost. Management reviews the valuation and amortization of amortizable intangible assets on a periodic basis, taking into consideration any events or circumstances that might indicate diminished value. The assessment of recoverability is based on whether the asset can be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows. The cost of our Personal Communication Services license and related financing costs were capitalized as an amortizable intangible asset. The associated assets were placed into service during 2000 and the recorded cost of the license and related financing costs are being amortized over a 40-year period using the straight-line method. All other amortizable intangible assets are being amortized over 2-10 year periods using the straight-line method. (j) Deferred Loan and Senior Notes Costs Debt and Senior Notes issuance costs are deferred and amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the interest method, over the term of the related debt and notes. Amortization costs are reported as a component of Other Income (Expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (k) Other Assets Other Assets are recorded at cost and are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of 2-15 years. Other Assets primarily include long-term deposits, non-trade accounts receivable and prepaid expenses. 110 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (l) Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as amended requires companies to record derivatives on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities, measured at fair value. We have adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 133. Our only derivative activity relates to interest rate swaps (see note 10). (m) Comprehensive Income SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income” requires us to report and display comprehensive income or (loss) and its components in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 we had other comprehensive income (loss) of approximately ($548,000) and $8,000, respectively, as a result of the cash flow hedge discussed in note 10. Total comprehensive income at December 31, 2002 and 2001 is $6,115,000 and $4,597,000, respectively. There were no components of other comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2000. (n) Revenue Recognition All revenues are recognized when the earnings process is complete in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements.” Revenues generated from long-distance and managed services are recognized when the services are provided. Revenues from the sale of equipment are recognized at the time the equipment is delivered or installed. Technical services revenues are derived primarily from maintenance contracts on equipment and are recognized on a prorated basis over the term of the contracts. Cable television service, local access service, Internet service and private line telecommunication revenues are billed in advance, recorded as Deferred Revenue on the balance sheet, and are recognized as the associated service is provided. Revenues from yellow-page directories are recognized upon publication of directories, which typically corresponds with distribution and is when the earnings process is complete. Other revenues are recognized when the service is provided. We recognize unbilled revenues when the service is provided based upon minutes of use processed or established rates, net of credits and adjustments. (o) Sale of Fiber Optic Cable System Capacity During the first quarter of 2001 we completed a $19.5 million sale of long-haul capacity in the Alaska United undersea fiber optic cable system (“fiber capacity sale”) in a cash transaction. The sale included both capacity within Alaska, and between Alaska and the contiguous 48 states. We used the proceeds from the fiber capacity sale to repay $11.7 million of the Fiber Facility debt and to fund capital expenditures and working capital. The fiber capacity sale was pursuant to a contract giving the purchaser an indefeasible right to use a certain amount of fiber system capacity expiring on February 4, 2024. The term may be extended if the actual useful life of the fiber system capacity extends beyond the estimated useful life of twenty-five years. The fiber system capacity sold is integral equipment because it is attached to real estate. Because all of the benefits and risks of ownership have been transferred to the purchaser upon full receipt of the purchase price and other terms of the contract meet the requirements of SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate” we accounted for the fiber capacity sale as a sales-type lease. We recognized $19.5 million in revenue from the fiber capacity sale. We recognized $10.9 million as cost of sales during the year ended December 31, 2001. The accounting for the sale of fiber system capacity is currently evolving and accounting guidance may become available in the future which could require us to change our policy. If we are required to change our policy, it is likely the effect would be to recognize the gain from future sales of fiber capacity, if any, over the term the capacity is provided. 111 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (p) Advertising Expense We expense advertising costs in the fiscal year during which the first advertisement appears. Advertising expenses were approximately $2,967,000, $3,168,000 and $3,438,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. (q) Interest Expense Interest costs incurred during the construction period of significant capital projects, such as the construction of an undersea fiber optic cable system, are capitalized. No interest was capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. (r) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for their future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable earnings in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that the benefits are more likely to be realized than not. (s) Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (“ILEC”) Over-earnings Refunds We receive refunds from time to time from ILECs with which we do business in respect of their earnings that exceed regulatory requirements. Telephone companies that are rate regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) using the rate of return method are required by the FCC to refund earnings from interstate access charges assessed to long-distance carriers when their earnings exceed their authorized rate of return. Such refunds are computed based on the regulated carrier’s earnings in several access categories. Uncertainties exist with respect to the amount of their earnings, the refunds (if any), their timing, and their realization. We account for such refundable amounts as gain contingencies, and, accordingly, do not recognize them until realization is a certainty upon receipt. (t) Stock Option Plan At December 31, 2002, we had one stock-based employee compensation plan, which is described more fully in note 8. We account for this plan under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. We use the intrinsic-value method and compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant only if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price. We have adopted SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” which permits entities to recognize as expense over the vesting period the fair value of all stock-based awards on the date of grant. Alternatively, SFAS 123 also allows entities to continue to apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25. We have adopted SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure”. This Statement amends SFAS No. 123 to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock- based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. We have elected to continue to apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25 and provide the pro forma disclosure as required by SFAS 148. Stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected over the options’ vesting period of generally 5 years and compensation cost for options granted prior to January 1, 1996 is not considered. The 112 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements following table illustrates the effect on net income (loss) and EPS for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, if we had applied the fair-value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock- based employee compensation (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts): Net income (loss), as reported Total stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income (loss), net of related tax effects Total stock-based employee compensation expense under the fair-value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects Pro forma net income (loss) 2002 $ 6,663 2001 4,589 2000 (13,234) 257 472 255 (2,504) 4,416 $ (3,483) 1,578 (2,667) (15,646) Basic and diluted EPS, as reported $ 0.08 0.05 (0.29) Basic and diluted EPS, pro forma $ 0.04 (0.01) (0.34) (u) Stock Options and Stock warrants Issued for Non-employee Services We account for stock options and warrants issued in exchange for nonemployee services pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 123, Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 96-3 and EITF 96-18, wherein such transactions are accounted for at the fair value of the consideration or services received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. When a stock option or warrant is issued for non-employee services where the fair value of such services is not stated, we estimate the value of the stock option or warrant issued using the Black Scholes method. The fair value determined using these principles is charged to operating expense over the shorter of the term for which non-employee services are provided, if stated, or the stock option or warrant vesting period. (v) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (w) Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Excess cash is invested in high quality short-term liquid money instruments issued by highly rated financial institutions. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents were invested in short-term liquid money instruments at one highly rated financial institution. We have two major customers, WorldCom, Inc. (“WorldCom”) (see note 11) and Sprint Corporation (“Sprint”) (see note 9). There is increased risk associated with these customers’ accounts receivable balances. Our remaining customers are located primarily throughout Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, our growth and operations depend upon economic conditions in Alaska. The economy of Alaska is dependent upon the natural resources industries, and in particular oil production, as well as tourism, government, and United States military spending. Though limited to one geographical area and except for WorldCom and Sprint, the concentration of credit risk with respect to 113 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements our receivables is minimized due to the large number of customers, individually small balances, and short payment terms. (x) Fair Value of Financial Instruments SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value (see note 10). SFAS No. 107 specifically excludes certain items from its disclosure requirements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. (y) Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets Effective January 1, 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS No. 144 replaces SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long- Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of.” However it retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS No. 121 for recognition and measurement of the impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used and for measurement of long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale. This statement applies to all long-lived assets, including discontinued operations, and replaces the provisions of APB Opinion No. 30, “Reporting Results of Operations-Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business,” for the disposal of segments of a business. This statement requires that those long-lived assets be measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell, whether reported in continuing operations or in discontinued operations. Adoption of SFAS No. 144 has not had a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. (z) Business Combinations SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations,” requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001. We used the purchase method of accounting for our November 19, 2001 acquisition of all of the common stock of Rogers American Cablesystems, Inc. (“Rogers”) (see note 3). (aa) Software Capitalization Policy Internally used software, whether purchased or developed, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 5 years. In accordance with Statement of Position ("SOP") 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use”, we capitalize certain costs associated with internally developed software such as payroll costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with internally developed software to be used internally are expensed until the point the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The capitalization of software requires judgment in determining when a project has reached the development stage. Further, the recovery of software projects is periodically reviewed and may result in significant write-offs. (ab) Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145, “Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections”. The following summarizes the effects of SFAS No. 145: (cid:130) SFAS No. 4, “Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt” is rescinded, which required all gains and losses from extinguishment of debt to be aggregated and, if material, classified as an extraordinary item, net of related income tax effect. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 114 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 145, companies will be required to apply the criteria in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, “Reporting the Results of Operations - Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions” (“Opinion No. 30”), in determining the classification of gains and losses resulting from the extinguishment of debt, SFAS No. 64, “Extinguishments of Debt Made to Satisfy Sinking-Fund Requirements”, amended SFAS No. 4 and is no longer necessary since SFAS No. 4 has been rescinded, SFAS No. 44, “Accounting for Intangible Assets of Motor Carriers”, was issued to establish accounting requirements for the effects of the transition to the provisions of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. Those transitions are completed and, therefore, SFAS No. 44 is no longer needed, and SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases”, is amended to require that certain lease modifications that have economic effects similar to sale-leaseback transactions be accounted for in the same manner as sale-leaseback transactions. (cid:130) (cid:130) (cid:130) SFAS No. 145 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002, with early adoption of the provisions related to the rescission of Statement No. 4 encouraged. Upon adoption, prior period items that do not meet the extraordinary item classification criteria in Opinion No. 30 must be reclassified. Unamortized bank fees and other expenses totaling approximately $2.3 million associated with the November 1, 2002 refinancing of the Senior Holdings Loan and the Fiber Facility (see note 6) were not classified as an extraordinary item and were charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense during the year ended December 31, 2002. (ac) Reclassifications Reclassifications have been made to the 2000 and 2001 financial statements to make them comparable with the 2002 presentation. (2) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Supplemental Disclosures Changes in operating assets and liabilities consist of (amounts in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 Increase in accounts receivable Increase in prepaid and other current assets (Increase) decrease in inventories Increase (decrease) in accounts payable Increase in accrued liabilities Increase (decrease) in accrued payroll and payroll related obligations Increase in deferred revenue Increase (decrease) in accrued interest Decrease in subscriber deposits Increase (decrease) in components of other long-term liabilities $ (5,476) (6,005) 446 (2,859) 825 (3,468) 6,161 (111) (232) (10,229) (487) (88) 5,701 1,091 4,872 1,519 (1,207) (253) (3,451) (390) 14 3,773 982 2,260 2,178 1,271 (826) 65 $ (10,654) (104) 815 108 5,919 We paid interest totaling approximately $29,427,000, $32,415,000 and $35,618,000 during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. We paid income taxes totaling $112,000 during the year ended December 31, 2001. We paid no income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2000. Net income tax refunds received totaled $283,700 during the year ended December 31, 2002. We received no income tax refunds during the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000. 115 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements We recorded $319,000, $2,317,000 and $640,000 during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, in paid-in capital in recognition of the income tax effect of excess stock compensation expense for tax purposes over amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2002 we funded the employer match portion of Employee Stock Purchase Plan contributions by issuing GCI Class A common stock valued at $791,000 and by purchasing GCI Class A common stock on the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2001 all employer match shares were purchased on the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2000 we funded all of the employer match portion by issuing GCI Class A common stock valued at $2,773,000. We financed the acquisition of satellite transponder capacity pursuant to a long-term capital lease arrangement with a leasing company during the year ended December 31, 2000 at a cost of $48.2 million (see note 12). We financed the acquisition of approximately $1.0 million of telephony distribution equipment pursuant to a long-term capital lease arrangement with a leasing company during the year ended December 31, 2002. We chose to issue 2,677 additional shares of Series B preferred stock in lieu of cash payments for dividends payable thereon in 2000. The amount of dividends that would have been paid in cash totaled approximately $2,677,000. The additional shares of Series B preferred stock were issued in 2001. Effective March 31, 2001 we acquired the assets and customer base of G.C. Cablevision, Inc. The seller received 238,199 unregistered shares of GCI Class A common stock (see note 3). Effective June 30, 2001 we issued $10.0 million of Series C preferred stock in exchange for WorldCom’s 85% controlling interest in Kanas (renamed to GFCC, see note 3). We acquired all minority shareholders’ ownership interests in GFCC by issuing 15,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock in 2002. (3) Acquisitions Effective March 31, 2001 we acquired the assets and customer base of G.C. Cablevision, Inc. of Fairbanks. The seller received 238,199 unregistered shares of GCI Class A common stock with a future payment in additional shares contingent upon certain conditions (see note 1 (c)). The property and equipment was valued at $2,088,000 on the date of acquisition. The value of the remaining assets and liabilities acquired was not material. Effective June 30, 2001 we completed the acquisition of WorldCom’s 85 percent controlling interest in Kanas, which owns the 800-mile fiber optic cable system that extends from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez via Fairbanks. The corporation owning the fiber optic system was renamed and is now operated as GFCC. The fiber optic cable system was valued at approximately $21,198,000 on the date of acquisition. On June 30, 2001 we issued to WorldCom, a related party, shares of Series C preferred stock (see note 1(e)) valued at $10.0 million. The balance of the carrying value consisted of payments to and services performed on behalf of Kanas to maintain its operations prior to June 30, 2001. The value of the remaining assets and liabilities acquired was not material. We acquired the remaining 15 percent ownership interest of GFCC by issuing 15,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock in 2002. Effective November 19, 2001 we acquired all of the stock of Rogers, a cable television service provider in Palmer and Wasilla, Alaska for $18.5 million in cash. Per the acquisition agreement $467,000 was withheld from the original payment to account for the amount by which Rogers’ current liabilities exceeded current assets and for certain capital expenditures incurred by the previous owners of Rogers through May 2001. The final settlement of $345,000 was paid in the first quarter of 2003. This acquisition was funded through a $19.0 million draw on our then existing Senior Holdings Loan. The results of Roger’s operations have been included in the consolidated 116 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements financial statements in the cable services segment since the acquisition date. This acquisition added approximately 10,000 homes passed and approximately 7,000 subscribers to our cable services segment in 2001. The following table, updated to reflect refinements of original estimates, summarizes the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the Rogers acquisition (amounts in thousands): Current assets Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation Franchise agreement Goodwill Total assets $ 556 5,160 10,976 3,324 20,016 Current liabilities Long-term deferred tax liability Net assets acquired 642 374 $ 19,000 (4) Intangible Assets Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” on January 1, 2002, goodwill and cable certificates (certificates of convenience and public necessity) are no longer amortized. The following pro forma financial information reflects net income (loss) and basic and diluted EPS as if goodwill and cable certificates were not subject to amortization for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts): Year Ended December 31, 2002 Basic and Diluted EPS 0.08 Net Income 6,663 Net income (loss), as reported $ Add cable certificate Year Ended December 31, 2001 Basic and Diluted EPS Net Income 4,589 0.05 Year Ended December 31, 2000 Basic and Diluted EPS (0.29) Net Loss (13,234) amortization, net of income taxes Add goodwill amortization, net of income taxes Adjusted net income (loss) --- --- --- --- 3,113 0.06 3,087 0.06 756 0.01 755 0.01 $ 6,663 0.08 8,458 0.12 (9,392) (0.22) Cable certificates are allocated to our cable services reportable segment. Goodwill is primarily allocated to the cable services segment and the remaining amount is not allocated to a reportable segment, but is included in the All Other category in note 9. Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 follow: Years Ended December 31, 2000 2002 2001 Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets $ 790 7,372 6,951 117 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is estimated to be (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 $ 402 $ 278 $ 123 $ 119 $ 111 No intangible assets have been impaired based upon impairment testing performed as of December 31, 2002 (see note 1(i)) and no indicators of impairment have occurred since the impairment testing was performed. (5) Notes Receivable from Related Parties Notes receivable from related parties consist of the following (amounts in thousands): Notes receivable from officers bearing interest up to 6.5% or at the rate paid by us on our senior indebtedness, unsecured, due through February 8, 2007 Notes receivable from officers bearing interest up to 9.0% or at the rate paid by us on our senior indebtedness, secured by GCI common stock, a life insurance policy, and a personal residence, due through August 26, 2004 Notes receivable from other related parties bearing interest up to 8.305% or at the rate paid by us on our senior indebtedness, unsecured and secured by property, due through December 31, 2007 Interest receivable Total notes receivable from related parties Less notes receivable from related parties issued upon stock option exercise, classified as a component of stockholders’ equity Less current portion, including current interest receivable Long-term portion, including long-term interest December 31, 2002 2001 $ 8,068 3,109 919 1,104 1,271 1,231 11,489 961 842 6,016 5,650 2,588 697 182 receivable $ 5,142 3,246 118 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (6) Long-term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following (amounts in thousands): Senior Notes (a) Senior Facility (b) Senior Holdings Loan (c) Fiber Facility (d) Long-term debt, excluding current maturities December 31, 2002 180,000 177,700 --- --- 357,700 $ $ 2001 180,000 --- 106,000 60,000 346,000 (a) On August 1, 1997 GCI, Inc. issued $180,000,000 of 9.75% senior notes due 2007 (“Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were issued at face value. Net proceeds to GCI, Inc. after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions totaled $174,600,000. Issuance costs of $6,496,000 are being charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense over the term of the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes were not callable before August 1, 2002. After August 1, 2002, the Senior Notes are callable at the option of GCI, Inc. under certain conditions and at stated redemption prices. The Senior Notes include limitations on additional indebtedness and prohibit payment of dividends, payments for the purchase, redemption, acquisition or retirement of GCI, Inc.’s stock, payments for early retirement of debt subordinate to the notes, liens on property, and asset sales (excluding sales of Alaska United assets). We currently have no plans to call the Senior Notes during the year ended December 31, 2003. GCI, Inc. was in compliance with all covenants during the year ending December 31, 2002. The Senior Notes are unsecured obligations. (b) On November 1, 2002 we closed our $225.0 million Senior Facility to refinance the Holdings $150.0 million and $50.0 million credit facilities (“Senior Holdings Loan”) and the Alaska United $75.0 million project finance facility (“Fiber Facility”). The Senior Holdings Loan and Fiber Facility had balances of approximately $120.1 million and $60.0 million, respectively, at November 1, 2002. The Senior Facility includes a term loan of $175.0 million and a revolving credit facility of $50.0 million. The Senior Facility matures on November 1, 2004 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 6.50%. We are required to pay a commitment fee equal to 2.0% per annum on the unused portion of the commitment unless the undrawn portion of the revolver is less than $25.0 million, in which case the commitment fee decreases to 1.5% per annum on the unused portion of the commitment. We recognized $116,000 in commitment fee expense during the year ended December 31, 2002. On November 30, 2003 we are required to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of the amount by which earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization exceeds certain fixed charges as defined in the Senior Facility agreement (“Excess Cash Flow”) during the year ended September 30, 2003. On May 30, 2004 we are required to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 50% of the Excess Cash Flow during the six months ended March 31, 2004. The prepayment required on November 30, 2003, if any, may be funded by a draw on the revolving credit facility. The Senior Facility contains, among others, covenants limiting additional indebtedness and prohibits any direct or indirect distribution, dividend, redemption or other payment to any person on account of any general or limited partnership interest in, or shares of capital stock or other securities of GCI, Inc. and subsidiaries. Under the Senior Facility we may not allow the: (cid:130) Ratio of total indebtedness to annualized operating cash flow to be greater than 4.5:1, 119 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (cid:130) Ratio of senior secured indebtedness to annualized operating cash flow to be greater than 2.25:1, and (cid:130) Ratio of annualized operating cash flow to total interest expense to be less than 2.50:1. Capital expenditures, other than those incurred to build additional fiber optic cable system capacity, in any of the years ended September 30, 2003, March 31, 2004 and September 30, 2004 may not exceed: (cid:130) (cid:130) $25.0 million, plus 50% of any Excess Cash Flow during the applicable period less certain permitted investments of up to $5.0 million during the applicable period. Substantially all of Holdings’ assets collateralize the Senior Holdings Loan. $3.0 million of the Senior Facility has been used to provide a letter of credit to secure payment of certain access charges associated with our provision of telecommunications services within the State of Alaska. In connection with the funding of the Senior Facility, we paid bank fees and other expenses of approximately $7,141,000 during the year ended December 31, 2002 which will be charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense over the life of the agreement. We funded $6,809,000 of the bank fees and other expenses by a draw on the Senior Facility. (c) The Senior Holdings Loan facilities were refinanced by the Senior Facility on November 1, 2002. The Senior Holdings Loan facilities incurred interest, as amended, at either LIBOR plus 1.00% to 2.50%, depending on the leverage ratio of Holdings and certain of its subsidiaries, or at the greater of the prime rate or the federal funds effective rate (as defined) plus 0.05%, in each case plus an additional 0.00% to 1.375%, depending on the leverage ratio of Holdings and certain of its subsidiaries. We were required to pay a commitment fee equal to 0.50% per annum on the unused portion of the commitment. Commitment fee expense on the Senior Holdings Loan totaled $189,000, $405,000 and $570,000 during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. We borrowed an additional $9.0 million on our Senior Holdings Loan in the first quarter of 2002 to fund our Senior Notes interest payment. The facilities contained, among others, covenants requiring maintenance of specific levels of operating cash flow to indebtedness and to interest expense, and limitations on acquisitions and additional indebtedness. The facilities prohibited any direct or indirect distribution, dividend, redemption or other payment to any person on account of any general or limited partnership interest in, or shares of capital stock or other securities of Holdings or any of its subsidiaries. Holdings paid bank fees and other expenses of approximately $3,893,000 for the initial funding and subsequent amendments to the Senior Holdings Loan facilities. Those fees and other expenses were charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense over the term of the facilities which ended October 31, 2002. Approximately $438,000 of amendment fees were charged to Selling, General and Administrative Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2001. During the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately $1.3 million in unamortized bank fees and other expenses were charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense upon refinancing the Senior Holdings Loan facilities. (d) On January 27, 1998 Alaska United closed the Fiber Facility to construct a fiber optic cable system connecting Anchorage, Fairbanks, Valdez, Whittier, Juneau and Seattle. The Fiber Facility was refinanced by the Senior Facility on November 1, 2002. The Fiber Facility was a 10-year term loan that was interest only for the first 5 years. The Fiber Facility interest rate was either Libor plus 3.0%, or at the lender’s prime rate plus 1.75% 120 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements while the loan balance was greater than $60 million. The interest rate declined to Libor plus 2.5%-2.75%, or, at our option, the lender’s prime rate plus 1.25%-1.5% when the loan balance was reduced to $60 million. The Fiber Facility contained covenants requiring certain intercompany loans and advances in order to maintain specific levels of cash flow necessary to pay operating costs and interest and principal installments. In connection with the funding of the Fiber Facility, Alaska United paid bank fees and other expenses of $2,183,000 since the initial funding through October 31, 2002. These fees and other expenses were charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense over the term of the agreement which ended October 31, 2002. During the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately $1.0 million in unamortized bank fees and other expenses were charged to Deferred Loan Fee Expense upon refinancing the Fiber Facility. As of December 31, 2002 maturities of long-term debt were as follows (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 $ --- 177,700 --- --- 180,000 $ 357,700 (7) Income Taxes Total income tax (expense) benefit was allocated as follows (amounts in thousands): Net (income) loss from continuing operations Stockholders’ equity, for stock option compensation expense for tax purposes in excess of amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes Years ended December 31, 2002 (5,659) $ 2001 (4,070) 2000 8,415 317 (5,342) 2,317 (1,753) 640 9,055 $ Income tax (expense) benefit consists of the following (amounts in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 Current tax (expense): Federal taxes State taxes Deferred tax (expense) benefit: Federal taxes State taxes $ (1,754) (536) (2,290) --- --- --- --- --- --- (2,580) (789) (3,369) (3,115) (955) (4,070) 6,494 1,921 8,415 $ (5,659) (4,070) 8,415 121 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Total income tax (expense) benefit differed from the “expected” income tax (expense) benefit determined by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 34% as follows (amounts in thousands): “Expected” statutory tax (expense) benefit State income taxes, net of federal benefit Income tax effect of goodwill amortization, nondeductible expenditures and other items, net Other Years ended December 31, 2000 2001 2002 7,361 (2,944) $ (4,189) 1,268 (630) (873) (597) --- (5,659) $ (496) --- (4,070) (399) 185 8,415 The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are presented below (amounts in thousands): December 31, 2002 2001 Current deferred tax assets: Accounts receivable, principally due to allowance for doubtful accounts $ 5,649 1,351 Compensated absences, accrued for financial reporting purposes Workers compensation and self insurance reserves, principally due to accrual for financial reporting purposes Inventory expense for financial reporting purposes in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Other Total current deferred tax assets 1,914 1,599 805 637 141 --- 8,509 $ 1,323 (220) 4,690 122 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Long-term deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards Alternative minimum tax credits Deferred compensation expense for financial reporting purposes in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Employee stock option compensation expense for financial reporting purposes in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Sweepstakes award in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes State income taxes Charitable contributions expense for financial reporting in excess of amount recognized for tax purposes Deferred loan fees for financial reporting purposes in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Cost of sales and services for financial reporting in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Cash flow hedge expense for financial reporting purposes in excess of amounts recognized for tax purposes Other Total long-term deferred tax assets Long-term deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation Amortizable assets Costs recognized for tax purposes in excess of amounts recognized for book purposes Other Total gross long-term deferred tax liabilities Net combined long-term deferred tax liabilities $ December 31, 2002 2001 $ 76,855 1,892 62,760 2,081 1,239 1,913 411 145 184 1,555 188 1,755 586 423 --- 181 347 402 464 360 83,727 5 345 70,364 90,522 8,920 --- 346 99,788 16,061 80,516 13,670 891 356 95,433 25,069 We recorded net deferred tax assets of $15.8 million in 2002 associated with the Rogers and Kanas acquisitions (see note 3), resulting in adjustments to the recorded financial statement cost basis of associated goodwill and property and equipment. In conjunction with the 1996 Cable Companies acquisition, we incurred a net deferred income tax liability of $24.4 million and acquired net operating losses totaling $57.6 million. We determined that approximately $20 million of the acquired net operating losses would not be utilized for income tax purposes, and elected with our December 31, 1996 income tax returns to forego utilization of such acquired losses under Internal Revenue Code section 1.1502-32(b)(4). Deferred tax assets were not recorded associated with the foregone losses and, accordingly, no valuation allowance was provided. At December 31, 2002, we have (1) federal and state tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $191 million that will begin expiring in 2005 if not utilized, and (2) alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.9 million available to offset regular income taxes payable in future years. 123 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements The following schedule shows our tax net operating loss carryforwards by year of expiration (amounts in thousands): $ Years ending December 31, 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total tax net operating loss Federal 292 393 4,017 8,077 11,767 9,134 6,919 19,995 27,910 45,403 32,740 24,534 State --- --- 3,006 7,509 11,482 8,935 6,685 19,390 27,905 45,400 33,420 27,074 carryforwards $ 191,181 190,806 Our utilization of remaining acquired net operating loss carryforwards is subject to annual limitations pursuant to Internal Revenue Code section 382 which could reduce or defer the utilization of these losses. Tax benefits associated with recorded deferred tax assets are considered to be more likely than not realizable through taxable income earned in carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, and future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards. The amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced. (8) Stockholders' Equity Common Stock GCI's Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical in all respects, except that each share of Class A common stock has one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock has ten votes per share. In addition, each share of Class B common stock outstanding is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock. WorldCom owned 3,751,509 and 8,251,509 shares of GCI's Class A common stock that represented approximately 7 and 16 percent of the issued and outstanding Class A shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. WorldCom owned 1,275,791 shares of GCI's Class B common stock that represented approximately 33 percent of the issued and outstanding Class B shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001. Certain subsidiaries of WorldCom filed a Schedule 13D with the SEC on November 13, 2001 disclosing their intention to monitor their investments in us, to take actions consistent with their best interests, and, subject to market conditions and other factors, to explore opportunities to sell up to one-half of their interest in us. On February 13, 2002 we filed a Form S-3 with the SEC on behalf of WorldCom to register for resale 4,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock. In the Schedule 13D WorldCom disclosed their intention to maintain strategic and commercial relationships with us for the foreseeable future and their expectation that they would maintain representation on our Board of Directors subject to nomination and election at our annual meetings of shareholders. We also intend to maintain strategic and commercial relationships with WorldCom and its subsidiaries for the foreseeable future. WorldCom completed the sale of 4,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock in April 2002. 124 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements In October 2001, a Series B preferred stockholder converted 5,665 shares of Series B preferred stock to GCI Class A common stock resulting in the issuance of approximately 1,021,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock. Stock Option Plan In December 1986, GCI adopted a Stock Option Plan (the “Option Plan”) in order to provide a special incentive to our officers, non-employee directors, and employees by offering them an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in GCI. The Option Plan, as amended in 1999, provides for the grant of options for a maximum of 10,700,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations or certain other changes in corporate structure or capitalization. If an option expires or terminates, the shares subject to the option will be available for further grants of options under the Option Plan. The Option Committee of GCI’s Board of Directors administers the Option Plan. The Option Plan provides that all options granted under the Option Plan must expire not later than ten years after the date of grant. If at the time an option is granted the exercise price is less than the market value of the underlying common stock, the difference in these amounts at the time of grant is expensed ratably over the vesting period of the option. Options granted pursuant to the Option Plan are only exercisable if at the time of exercise the option holder is our employee, non-employee director, or a consultant or advisor working on our behalf. Information for the years 2000, 2001 and 2002 with respect to the Option Plan follows: Outstanding at December 31, 1999 Granted Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2000 Granted Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2001 Granted Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2002 Weighted Average Exercise Price $4.94 Range of Exercise Prices $0.01-$7.63 $5.96 $2.37 $5.18 $5.54 $7.34 $4.01 $6.53 $6.11 $6.90 $5.78 $7.42 $6.34 $3.00-$7.50 $0.01-$6.50 $0.01-$7.63 $0.01-$7.63 $2.84-$11.25 $0.01-$7.50 $6.00-$10.98 $0.01-$11.25 $3.11-$7.52 $3.00-$7.50 $3.25-$11.25 $0.01-$11.25 Shares 4,354,715 1,970,599 (513,289) (398,460) 5,413,565 755,277 (1,044,511) (24,200) 5,100,131 1,995,700 (583,888) (223,177) 6,288,766 Available for grant at December 31, 2002 886,757 Stock Warrants Not Pursuant to a Plan We entered into a stock warrant agreement in exchange for services in December 1998 with certain of our legal counsel which provides for the purchase of 16,667 shares of GCI Class A common stock, vesting in December 1999, with an exercise price of $3.00 per share, and expiring December 2003. The fair value of the stock warrant was approximately $23,000. 125 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements We entered into a stock warrant agreement in exchange for services in June 1999 with certain of our legal counsel which provides for the purchase of 25,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock, vesting through December 2001, with an exercise price of $3.00 per share, and expiring December 2003. The fair value of the stock warrant was approximately $94,000. SFAS 123 Disclosures Our stock options and warrants expire at various dates through December 2012. At December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, the weighted-average remaining contractual lives of options outstanding were 6.93, 6.95 and 6.88 years, respectively. At December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, the number of exercisable shares under option was 3,187,618, 2,837,361 and 2,350,334, respectively, and the weighted-average exercise price of those options was $5.87, $5.75 and $4.78, respectively. The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during 2002 was $3.05 per share for compensatory and $0.61 for non-compensatory options; for 2001 was $6.99 per share for compensatory and $10.58 for non-compensatory options; and for 2000 was $4.07 per share for compensatory and $2.71 for non- compensatory options. The amounts were determined as of the options’ grant dates using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: 2002 – risk-free interest rate of 3.079%, volatility of 0.6844 and an expected life of 6.18 years; 2001 – risk-free interest rate of 4.664%, volatility of 0.6178 and an expected life of 6.67 years; and 2000 – risk-free interest rate of 4.987%, volatility of 0.6203 and an expected life of 5.82 years. Summary information about our stock options and warrants outstanding at December 31, 2002: Options and Warrants Outstanding Options and Warrants Exercisable Number outstanding as of 12/31/02 681,131 432,804 1,101,783 51,000 1,762,900 81,000 775,622 1,150,000 505,193 40,000 6,581,433 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life 4.73 6.56 7.42 7.99 6.76 5.14 5.63 9.10 6.86 8.50 6.93 Range of Exercise Prices $0.01-$4.00 $4.06-$5.69 $6.00-$6.00 $6.13-$6.35 $6.50-$6.50 $6.63-$6.99 $7.00-$7.00 $7.25-$7.25 $7.50-$10.98 $11.25-$11.25 $0.01-$11.25 Weighted Average Exercise Price $3.48 $4.97 $6.00 $6.13 $6.50 $6.80 $7.00 $7.25 $7.88 $11.25 $6.33 Number Exercisable as of 12/31/02 661,131 251,757 466,646 20,000 950,520 62,666 525,622 0 241,276 8,000 3,187,618 Weighted Average Exercise Price $3.49 $4.94 $6.00 $6.13 $6.50 $6.80 $7.00 $0.00 $7.68 $11.25 $5.87 Class A Common Shares Held in Treasury In 2002 we acquired a total of 20,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock for approximately $177,000 to fund a deferred compensation agreement for an officer. In 2000 we acquired a total of 10,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock for approximately $52,000 to fund deferred compensation agreements for an officer. 126 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Employee Stock Purchase Plan In December 1986, we adopted an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“Plan”) qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (“Code”). The Plan provides for acquisition of GCI’s Class A and Class B common stock at market value. The Plan permits each employee who has completed one year of service to elect to participate in the Plan. Through December 31, 2002, eligible employees could elect to reduce their compensation in any even dollar amount up to 10 percent of such compensation up to a maximum of $11,000. As of January 1, 2003, eligible employees can elect to reduce their compensation in any even dollar amount up to 50 percent of such compensation (subject to certain limitations) up to a maximum of $12,000. Eligible employees may contribute up to 10 percent of their compensation with after-tax dollars, or they may elect a combination of salary reductions and after-tax contributions. Beginning in 2002 eligible employees are allowed to make catch-up contributions of no more than $1,000 in 2002 and $2,000 in 2003. We do not match employee catch-up contributions. We may match employee salary reductions and after tax contributions in any amount, elected by our Board of Directors each year, but not more than 10 percent of any one employee's compensation will be matched in any year. For the year ended December 31, 2001 the combination of salary reductions, after tax contributions and matching contributions could not exceed the lesser of 25 percent of an employee's compensation (determined after salary reduction) or $35,000. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 the combination of salary reductions, after tax contributions and matching contributions cannot exceed the lesser of 100 percent of an employee's compensation or $40,000 (determined after salary reduction) for any year. Matching contributions vest over six years. Employee contributions may be invested in GCI class A common stock, WorldCom and MCI Group common stock (through February 14, 2003), AT&T common stock, Comcast Corporation common stock, or various mutual funds. TCI common stock was previously offered to employees as an investment choice however TCI’s merger with AT&T in March 1999 resulted in the conversion of TCI shares of common stock into AT&T shares of common stock. WorldCom and MCI Group common stocks were delisted from the NASDAQ stock exchange as a result of their bankruptcy filing in July 2002 (see note 11). The impaired market for shares of these common stocks has resulted in difficulty executing trades on behalf of participating employees. Accordingly, as of February 14, 2003, participating employees were no longer allowed to invest in the common stock of WorldCom or MCI Group. Employee contributions invested in GCI common stock receive up to 100% matching, as determined by our Board of Directors each year, in GCI common stock. Employee contributions invested in other than GCI common stock receive up to 50% matching, as determined by our Board of Directors each year, in GCI common stock. Our matching contributions allocated to participant accounts totaled approximately $3,665,000, $3,194,000, and $2,773,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively. The Plan may, at its discretion, purchase shares of GCI common stock from GCI at market value or may purchase GCI’s common stock on the open market. In 2002 and 2000 we funded some and all, respectively, of our employer-matching contributions through the issuance of new shares of GCI common stock rather than market purchases. In 2001 we funded all of our employer-matching contributions through the purchase of shares on the open market. Effective July 1, 2000, we transferred all of the Plan assets to Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, Incorporated who became the Plan’s new recordkeeper. In March 2002 we allowed participating employees to diversify 25 percent of their holdings of GCI common stock at December 31, 2001 in other investments offered by the Plan. We allowed diversification of the remaining 75 percent of their holdings of GCI common stock at December 31, 2001 ratably over the 127 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements following three years. Effective January 1, 2003 the original diversification plan was superceded by a new plan which allowed participating employees to diversify 100 percent of their holdings of GCI common stock at December 31, 2002 in other investments offered by the Plan. On January 23, 2003 we added seven additional mutual fund investment choices to the Plan. (9) Industry Segments Data Our reportable segments are business units that offer different products. The reportable segments are each managed separately and offer distinct products with different production and delivery processes. We have four reportable segments as follows: Long-distance services. We offer a full range of common carrier long-distance services to commercial, government, other telecommunications companies and residential customers, through our networks of fiber optic cables, digital microwave, and fixed and transportable satellite earth stations and our SchoolAccess offering to rural school districts and a similar offering to rural hospitals and health clinics. Cable services. We provide cable television services to residential, commercial and government users in the State of Alaska. Our cable systems serve 33 communities and areas in Alaska, including the state's three largest urban areas, Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau. We offer digital cable television services in Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, Kenai and Soldotna and retail cable modem service (through our Internet services segment) in all of our locations in Alaska except Ketchikan and Kotzebue. We plan to offer cable modem service in Ketchikan in 2003, and plan to continue to expand our product offerings as plant upgrades are completed in other communities in Alaska. Local access services. We offer facilities based competitive local exchange services in Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau and plan to provide similar competitive local exchange services in other locations pending regulatory approval and subject to availability of capital. Internet services. We offer wholesale and retail Internet services. We offer cable modem service as further described under Cable services above. Our undersea fiber optic cable allows us to offer enhanced services with high-bandwidth requirements. Included in the “All Other” category in the tables that follow are our managed services, product sales, cellular telephone services, and, during the year ended December 31, 2001, management services for Kanas, a related party. None of these business units has ever met the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments. Also included in the All Other category are corporate related expenses including management information systems, accounting, legal and regulatory, human resources and other general and administrative expenses. In 2001, the All Other category includes revenues and costs associated with the sale of undersea fiber optic cable system capacity (see note 1(o)). The December 31, 2001 and 2000 Form 10-K “Industry Segments Data” reported marketing expenses in the “All Other” category. Such 2001 and 2000 expenses have been reclassified to the applicable reportable segments in this December 31, 2002 Form 10-K. We adopted SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” on January 1, 2002, resulting in a $6.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense primarily in the cable services segment during the year ended December 31, 2002 as compared to the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000. We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on (1) earnings or loss from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes, and (2) operating income or loss. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant 128 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements accounting policies in note 1. Intersegment sales are recorded at cost plus an agreed upon intercompany profit. We earn all revenues through sales of services and products within the United States of America. All of our long-lived assets are located within the United States of America. Summarized financial information for our reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 follows (amounts in thousands): Long- Distance Services Reportable Segments Local Access Services Internet Services Cable Services Total Reportable Segments All Other Total 2002 Revenues: Intersegment External Total revenues Cost of sales and services: Intersegment External Total cost of sales and services Contribution: Intersegment External Total contribution Selling, general and administrative expenses Bad debt expense Earnings (loss) from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes Depreciation and amortization $ 22,639 2,094 204,930 88,688 227,569 90,782 9,723 32,071 41,794 10,023 15,584 25,607 44,479 341,273 385,752 744 45,223 26,569 367,842 27,313 413,065 18,284 --- 60,053 23,649 2,100 20,205 22,985 4,792 43,369 108,699 752 44,121 14,865 123,564 78,337 23,649 22,305 27,777 152,068 15,617 167,685 4,355 2,094 144,877 65,039 149,232 67,133 7,623 (12,962) 10,792 11,866 (2,170) 19,489 1,110 232,574 233,684 (8) 1,102 11,704 244,278 11,696 245,380 36,378 12,388 25,264 428 16,600 162 8,855 54 87,097 13,032 41,932 129,029 13,124 92 100,466 41,441 2,727 (11,079) 133,555 (30,328) 103,227 21,427 15,882 3,466 7,187 47,962 8,438 56,400 Operating income (loss) $ 79,039 25,559 (739) (18,266) 85,593 (38,766) 46,827 Total assets $ 288,680 322,899 35,276 28,102 674,957 63,825 738,782 Capital expenditures $ 22,832 17,395 10,388 4,215 54,830 10,310 65,140 2001 Revenues: Intersegment External Total revenues Cost of sales and services: Intersegment External Total cost of sales and services $ 20,239 1,650 200,694 76,554 220,933 78,204 8,716 25,229 33,945 6,110 11,996 18,106 36,715 314,473 351,188 355 37,070 42,785 357,258 43,140 394,328 16,739 --- 73,257 20,829 1,586 14,037 17,345 4,749 35,670 112,872 461 36,131 26,921 139,793 89,996 20,829 15,623 22,094 148,542 27,382 175,924 129 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Long- Distance Services Reportable Segments Local Access Services Internet Services Cable Services Total Reportable Segments All Other Total Contribution: Intersegment External Total contribution Selling, general and administrative expenses Bad debt expense Earnings (loss) from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes Depreciation and amortization $ 3,500 1,650 127,437 55,725 130,937 57,375 7,130 (11,235) 7,247 11,192 (3,988) 18,322 1,045 201,601 202,646 (106) 939 15,864 217,465 15,758 218,404 38,102 21,740 2,790 1,053 13,138 181 8,066 86 81,046 4,110 35,490 116,536 4,279 169 90,045 34,582 5,003 (12,140) 117,490 (19,901) 97,589 21,899 20,704 3,530 2,879 49,012 6,663 55,675 Operating income (loss) $ 68,146 13,878 1,473 (15,019) 68,478 (26,564) 41,914 Total assets $ 294,175 321,722 30,040 27,363 673,300 61,379 734,679 Capital expenditures $ 24,497 16,433 8,085 6,516 55,531 10,107 65,638 2000 Revenues: Intersegment External Total revenues Cost of sales and services: Intersegment External Total cost of sales and services Contribution: Intersegment External Total contribution Selling, general and administrative expenses Bad debt expense Earnings (loss) from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes Depreciation and amortization $ 15,750 182,676 198,426 1,493 6,675 3,173 67,898 20,205 8,425 69,391 26,880 11,598 27,091 279,204 306,295 123 27,214 13,401 292,605 13,524 319,819 13,554 76,568 --- 1,401 11,692 17,821 10,768 4,389 26,647 109,546 123 26,770 10,166 119,712 90,122 17,821 12,169 16,081 136,193 10,289 146,482 2,196 106,108 108,304 1,493 5,274 (8,519) 50,077 9,437 4,036 51,570 14,711 (4,483) 444 169,658 170,102 --- 444 3,235 172,893 3,235 173,337 34,816 3,510 20,879 12,316 691 388 7,288 162 75,299 4,751 24,609 259 99,908 5,010 69,978 30,000 2,007 (11,933) 90,052 (21,633) 68,419 19,500 18,942 4,375 1,915 44,732 5,923 50,655 Operating income (loss) $ 50,478 11,058 (2,368) (13,848) 45,320 (27,556) 17,764 Total assets $ 257,913 304,094 24,827 22,768 609,602 69,405 679,007 Capital expenditures $ 18,062 10,966 3,430 7,902 40,360 10,513 50,873 130 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Long-distance services, local access services and Internet services are billed utilizing a unified accounts receivable system and are not reported separately by business segment. All such accounts receivable are included above in the long-distance services segment for all periods presented. A reconciliation of reportable segment revenues to consolidated revenues follows (amounts in thousands): Years ended December 31, Reportable segment revenues Plus All Other revenues Less intersegment revenues eliminated in consolidation $ Consolidated revenues $ 2002 2001 2000 385,752 27,313 45,223 367,842 351,188 43,140 37,070 357,258 306,295 13,524 27,214 292,605 A reconciliation of reportable segment earnings from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes to consolidated net income (loss) before income taxes follows (amounts in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2002 2001 2000 Reportable segment earnings from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes Less All Other loss from operations before depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes Less intersegment contribution eliminated in consolidation Consolidated earnings from operations before $ 133,555 117,490 90,052 30,328 19,901 21,633 1,102 939 444 Less depreciation and amortization expense depreciation, amortization, net interest expense and income taxes 102,125 56,400 45,725 33,403 Consolidated net income (loss) before income taxes $ 12,322 Consolidated operating income Less other expense, net 96,650 55,675 40,975 32,316 8,659 67,975 50,655 17,320 38,969 (21,649) A reconciliation of reportable segment operating income to consolidated net income (loss) before income taxes follows (amounts in thousands): Years ended December 31, Reportable segment operating income Less All Other operating loss Less intersegment contribution eliminated in consolidation Consolidated operating income Less other expense, net $ Consolidated net income (loss) before income taxes $ 2002 85,593 38,766 1,102 45,725 33,403 12,322 2001 68,478 26,564 939 40,975 32,316 8,659 2000 45,320 27,556 444 17,320 38,969 (21,649) We provide long-distance services to WorldCom (see note 11) and Sprint, major customers. We earned revenues from Sprint, net of discounts, included in the long-distance segment, totaling approximately $36,899,000 for the year ended December 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenues, Sprint revenues totaled 10.3% for the year ended December 31, 2001. Sprint was not a major customer for segment disclosure purposes for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2000. 131 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (10) Financial Instruments Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments at December 31, 2002 and 2001 follows (amounts in thousands): 2002 2001 Carrying Amount $ 65,222 Fair Value 65,222 Carrying Amount 68,044 Fair Value 68,044 $ 5,142 $ 44,289 5,142 44,289 3,246 52,980 3,246 52,980 Short-term assets Notes receivable with related parties Short-term liabilities Long-term debt and capital lease obligations $ 402,475 419,305 397,096 411,712 Fair value hedge asset $ --- --- 1,261 1,261 Cash flow hedge asset (liability) $ (999) (999) 13 13 The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate fair values: Short-term assets: The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, net receivables and current portion of notes receivable from related parties approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Notes receivable from related parties: The carrying value of notes receivable from related parties is estimated to approximate fair values. Although there are no quoted market prices available for these instruments, the fair value estimates were based on the change in interest rates and risk related interest rate spreads since the note origination dates. Short-term liabilities: The fair values of current maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, accounts payable, accrued interest, and subscriber deposits approximate their carrying value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Long-term debt and capital lease obligations: The fair value of long-term debt is based primarily on discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at rates currently offered to us for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by our bankers. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Effective January 3, 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $50 million of 9.75% fixed rate debt to a variable interest rate equal to the 90 day LIBOR rate plus 334 basis points. This interest rate swap was cancelled by the counterparty on August 1, 2002. The differential paid to us was recorded as a decrease in Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which it was recognized. During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 we recognized approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, as a reduction of interest expense. Effective September 21, 2001, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to convert $25 million of variable interest rate debt equal to the 90 day LIBOR rate plus 334 basis points to 3.98% fixed rate debt plus applicable margins. Terms of the interest rate swap mirror the underlying variable rate debt, except the 132 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements interest rate swap terminates on September 21, 2004. We entered into the transaction to help insulate us from future increases in interest rates. Under SFAS No. 133, the interest rate swap is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The change in the fair value of the interest rate swap net of income taxes is recorded as an increase or decrease in other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. The accrual of interest income or expense is recognized in Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 we recognized approximately $555,000 and $112,000, respectively, in incremental interest expense resulting from this transaction. (11) Related Party Transactions We earned revenues from WorldCom, a major shareholder of GCI (see note 8), net of discounts, of approximately $73,637,000, $58,225,000 and $53,065,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, WorldCom revenues totaled 20.0%, 16.3% and 18.1% for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Amounts receivable, net of accounts payable, from WorldCom totaled $21,677,000 and $15,379,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We paid WorldCom for distribution of our traffic in the contiguous 48 states and Hawaii amounts totaling approximately $6,413,000, $7,289,000 and $9,124,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. On July 21, 2002 WorldCom and substantially all of its active U.S. subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court. Chapter 11 allows a company to continue operating in the ordinary course of business in order to maximize recovery for the company’s creditors and shareholders. The filings have enabled WorldCom to continue to conduct business while it develops a reorganization plan. During the year ended December 31, 2002 we have recognized $11.0 million in bad debt expense for uncollected amounts due from WorldCom. At December 31, 2002 the bad debt reserve for uncollected amounts due from WorldCom (“WorldCom reserve”) totaled $11.6 million and consisted of all billings for services rendered prior to July 21, 2002 that were not paid or deemed recoverable as of December 31, 2002 and which have not been subsequently paid through the date of this report. The WorldCom reserve includes approximately $655,000 in reserves recognized prior to the bankruptcy in addition to the $11.0 million in bad debt expense previously discussed. Any payments received on amounts included in the WorldCom reserve will reduce the reserve and bad debt expense in the period of receipt. We currently cannot predict the timing or ultimate amount, if any, that WorldCom will pay on outstanding balances due us as of their bankruptcy filing date of July 21, 2002. WorldCom has made timely payments for services rendered subsequent to July 21, 2002. We entered into a long-term capital lease agreement in 1991 with the wife of our president for property occupied by us. The leased asset was capitalized in 1991 at the owner’s cost of $900,000 and the related obligation was recorded in the accompanying financial statements. The lease agreement was amended in September 2002. The amended lease terminates on September 30, 2011. Through September 30, 2003 our monthly payment is $20,000, increasing to $20,860 per month October 1, 2003 through September 30, 2006 and increasing to $21,532 per month October 1, 2006 through September 30, 2011. Since the property was not sold prior to the tenth year of the lease, the owner was required to pay us the greater of one-half of the appreciated value of the property over $900,000, or $500,000. Accordingly, we received $500,000 in the form of a note in the first quarter of 2002. The owner paid us $135,000 in 2002 in the form of a note as additional consideration for the execution of the September 2002 amendment. 133 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements During the six-month period ended June 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000 we provided management services to Kanas. Effective June 30, 2001 we completed the acquisition of WorldCom’s 85% controlling interest in Kanas (see note 3). During the six-month period ended June 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000 we earned revenues of approximately $618,000 and $690,000, respectively, for management services and long-distance services provided to Kanas. We paid approximately $372,000 and $744,000 to Kanas for the lease and maintenance of fiber optic cable capacity during the six-month period ended June 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000, respectively. We advanced approximately $4.9 million and $3.0 million to Kanas to partially fund its operations during the six-month period ended June 30, 2001 and the year ended December 31, 2000, respectively. Accounts receivable from Kanas were approximately $3.7 million at December 31, 2000 and were classified as Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2000. During the year ended December 31, 2002, we acquired the remaining 15% interest in Kanas in exchange for a total of 15,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock. In January 2001 we entered into an aircraft operating lease agreement with a company owned by GCI’s president. The lease was amended effective January 1, 2002. The lease is month-to-month and may be terminated at any time upon one hundred and twenty days written notice. The monthly lease rate in 2001 was $40,000, increasing to $50,000 per month on January 1, 2002. Upon signing the lease, the lessor was granted an option to purchase 250,000 shares of GCI Class A common stock at $6.50 per share. At December 31, 2002 all of the shares under the option agreement are exercisable. We paid a deposit of $1.5 million in connection with the lease. The deposit will be repaid to us, as amended, upon the earlier of six months after the agreement terminates, or nine months after the date of a termination notice. The lessor may sell to us the stock arising from the exercise of the stock option or surrender the right to purchase all or a portion of the stock option to repay the deposit, as allowed by our debt and preferred stock instruments in effect at such time. (12) Commitments and Contingencies Leases Operating Leases as Lessee. We lease business offices, have entered into site lease agreements and use satellite transponder capacity and certain equipment pursuant to operating lease arrangements. Rental costs under such arrangements amounted to approximately $13,445,000, $9,292,000 and $8,152,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Satellite Transponder Capacity Capital Lease We lease satellite transponder capacity through a capital lease arrangement with a leasing company. The capital lease was entered into in March 2000. The effective term of the lease is nine years from the closing date. The capital lease includes certain covenants requiring maintenance of specific levels of operating cash flow to indebtedness and limitations on additional indebtedness. We were in compliance with all covenants during the year ending December 31, 2002. We began operating the satellite transponders on April 1, 2000. The satellite transponders are recorded at a cost of $48.2 million and are being depreciated over twelve years. At December 31, 2002 and 2001 $44.9 million and $45.9 million, respectively, was financed under this capital lease. 134 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements A summary of future minimum lease payments for all leases follows (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 and thereafter Total minimum lease payments Less amount representing interest Less current maturities of obligations under capital leases Subtotal - long-term obligations under capital leases Less long-term obligations under capital leases due to related party, excluding current maturities Long-term obligations under capital leases, excluding related party, excluding current maturities Operating 11,780 9,613 8,994 7,343 5,535 24,408 67,673 $ $ Capital 5,115 9,602 10,243 9,723 8,813 25,447 68,943 (22,311) (1,857) 44,775 (703) $ 44,072 The leases generally provide that we pay the taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses related to the leased assets. We expect that in the normal course of business leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties. Operating Leases as Lessor. In 1999 we signed agreements with a large commercial customer for the lease of DS3 circuits on Alaska United facilities within Alaska, and between Alaska and the Lower 48 states. The lease agreements were for three years with renewal options. One lease was canceled in January 2002, approximately two months before its expiration. The remaining two leases were not renewed after their initial three year terms expired. Telecommunication Services Agreement We lease a portion of our 800-mile fiber optic system capacity that extends from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez via Fairbanks, and provide management and maintenance services for this capacity to a customer. The telecommunications service agreement is for fifteen years and may be extended for up to two successive three-year periods and, upon expiration of the extensions, one additional year. A summary of minimum future service revenues, assuming the agreement is not terminated pursuant to contract provisions, follows (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 and thereafter Total minimum future service revenues $ $ 7,620 7,620 7,620 7,620 7,620 64,467 102,567 In December 2001 we signed a letter of agreement with our customer in which we agreed, amongst other things, to upgrade the 800-mile fiber optic system, install multiple earth stations, and potentially provide other services. We have completed the projects outlined in the letter of agreement and expect testing and 135 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements acceptance to be completed no later than the fourth quarter of 2003. We expect the contract to be amended in 2003 consistent with the terms of the letter of agreement. We expect the following additional minimum future service revenues, assuming the agreement is amended and is not terminated pursuant to contract provisions (amounts in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 and thereafter Total minimum future service revenues $ $ 2,810 5,580 5,580 5,580 5,580 47,208 72,338 Deferred Compensation Plan During 1995, we adopted a non-qualified, unfunded deferred compensation plan to provide a means by which certain employees may elect to defer receipt of designated percentages or amounts of their compensation and to provide a means for certain other deferrals of compensation. We may contribute matching deferrals at a rate selected by us. Participants immediately vest in all elective deferrals and all income and gain attributable thereto. Matching contributions and all income and gain attributable thereto vest over a six-year period. Participants may elect to be paid in either a single lump sum payment or annual installments over a period not to exceed 10 years. Vested balances are payable upon termination of employment, unforeseen emergencies, death and total disability. Participants are general creditors of us with respect to deferred compensation plan benefits. Compensation deferred pursuant to the plan totaled approximately $82,000, $39,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Performance Based Incentive Compensation Plan During 2002 we adopted a non-qualified, performance based incentive compensation plan. The incentive compensation plan provides additional compensation to certain officers and key employees based upon the Company’s achievement of specified financial performance goals. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors establishes goals on which executive officers are compensated, and management establishes the goals for other covered employees. Awards may be payable in cash or GCI’s Class A common stock. No amounts were charged to expense in 2002 under the new plan. Self-Insurance We are self-insured for losses and liabilities related primarily to health and welfare claims up to predetermined amounts above which third party insurance applies. A reserve of $1.6 million and $1.5 million was recorded at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, to cover estimated reported losses, estimated unreported losses based on past experience modified for current trends, and estimated expenses for investigating and settling claims. Actual losses will vary from the recorded reserve. While we use what we believe is pertinent information and factors in determining the amount of reserves, future additions to the reserves may be necessary due to changes in the information and factors used. We are self-insured for damage or loss to certain of our transmission facilities, including our buried, under sea, and above-ground transmission lines. If we become subject to substantial uninsured liabilities due to damage or loss to such facilities, our financial position, results of operations or liquidity may be adversely affected. Beginning January 1, 2003, we will be self-insured for losses and liabilities related to workers’ compensation claims up to predetermined amounts above which third party insurance applies. A reserve will be recorded in 2003 to cover estimated reported losses and estimated expenses for investigating and settling claims. Actual losses will vary from the recorded reserve. 136 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Litigation and Disputes We are routinely involved in various lawsuits, billing disputes, legal proceedings and regulatory matters that have arisen in the normal course of business. On July 1, 1999, the APUC ruled that the rural exemptions from local competition for the ILECs operating in Juneau, Fairbanks and North Pole would not be continued, which allowed us to negotiate for unbundled elements for the provision of competitive local service. ACS requested reconsideration of this decision and on October 11, 1999, the RCA issued an order terminating rural exemptions for the ILECs operating in the Fairbanks and Juneau markets. ACS has appealed these decisions. The appeal presently is before the Alaska Supreme Court. On February 11, 2003, the Alaska Supreme Court heard oral argument. One of the principal issues in dispute concerns the assignment of the burden of proof. In accordance with instructions from the Alaska Superior Court, the APUC assigned the burden to ACS at the remand proceeding. At the oral argument, several Justices expressed concern with the assignment of the burden. At this time, we cannot reasonably predict what the outcome of the case will be or even what relief the Court might order if it were to find that the burden of proof was improperly assigned to ACS. An adverse decision from the Court, however, has the potential to disrupt our ability to provide service to our Fairbanks and Juneau customers over our facilities. We expect a decision from the Court within six months from the date of oral argument. While the ultimate results of these items cannot be predicted with certainty, except for the rural exemption proceedings described above, we do not expect at this time the resolution of them to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Cable Service Rate Reregulation Federal law permits regulation of basic cable programming services rates. However, Alaska law provides that cable television service is exempt from regulation by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (“RCA”) unless 25% of a system’s subscribers request such regulation by filing a petition with the RCA. At December 31, 2002, only the Juneau system is subject to RCA regulation of its basic service rates. No petition requesting regulation has been filed for any other system. (The Juneau system serves 7.1% of our total basic service subscribers at December 31, 2002.) On July 27, 2000 the RCA approved in full a requested rate increase for the Juneau system, which was effective October 1, 2000. The cable rate increase in the Juneau system effective February 1, 2003, did not effect basic programming service and therefore did not require RCA approval. Internal Revenue Service Examination Our U.S. income tax return for 1999 was selected for examination by the Internal Revenue Service during 2001. The examination commenced during the third quarter of 2001 and was completed during the second quarter of 2002 with no material adjustments required. 137 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ILEC Over-earnings Refund The FCC ruled in February 2001 that earnings of Alaska Communications Systems, Inc. (“ACS”) for the 1997 to 1998 reporting period exceeded their authorized rate of return and ordered a refund to us from ACS. Rate of return carriers such as ACS are required by the FCC to refund earnings from interstate access charges assessed to long-distance carriers when their earnings exceed their authorized rate of return. ACS appealed the FCC ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit (“Court”). On May 21, 2002, the Court granted in part and denied in part the ACS appeal of the FCC’s earlier decision requiring ACS to refund the over-earnings. The court remanded the case to the FCC for a determination of the appropriate refund due as a result of the decision. The parties have briefed the relevant issues before the FCC, and a decision in the remand proceeding is pending. That decision, once issued, itself can be appealed. GCI and ACS have entered into discussions concerning the possible settling of the dispute, which discussions have not yet produced a final agreement. We are unable to determine the final amount to be refunded and when it may be refunded. The refundable amount has been accounted for as a gain contingency, and, accordingly, has not been recorded. The refundable amount, if any, will be recorded upon receipt when realization is a certainty. 138 (Continued) GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (13) Supplementary Financial Data The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts): 2002 Total revenues Gross profit Net income (loss) 1 Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share 1 2001 Total revenues 2 Gross profit Net income 2 Basic net income (loss) per common share Diluted net income (loss) per common share 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Total Year 88,210 56,973 2,212 92,740 61,879 (1,103) 94,550 64,175 5,063 92,342 61,251 491 367,842 244,278 6,663 0.03 (0.03) 0.08 0.00 0.08 96,917 54,831 2,423 85,535 51,704 166 88,019 55,276 1,527 86,787 55,654 473 357,258 217,465 4,589 0.04 (0.01) 0.02 0.00 0.03 (0.01) 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 We adopted SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” on January 1, 2002, resulting in a $6.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense primarily in the cable services segment during the year ended December 31, 2002 as compared to the years ended December 31, 2001. 2 The first quarter of 2001 includes $19.5 million of revenue and $8.7 of operating income from the sale of long-haul capacity in the Alaska United undersea fiber optic cable system. 3 Due to rounding, the sum of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts does not agree to total year net income per common share. 139 Item 15(b). Exhibits Listed below are the exhibits that are filed as a part of this Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K): Exhibit No. 3.1 3.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.13 Description Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company dated December 18, 2000 (30) Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated January 28, 2000 (28) Westin Building Lease (5) Duncan and Hughes Deferred Bonus Agreements (6) Compensation Agreement between General Communication, Inc. and William C. Behnke dated January 1, 1997 (19) Order approving Application for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to operate as a Telecommunications (Intrastate Interexchange Carrier) Public Utility within Alaska (3) 1986 Stock Option Plan, as amended (21) MCI Carrier Agreement between MCI Telecommunications Corporation and General Communication, Inc. dated January 1, 1993 (8) 10.14 Contract for Alaska Access Services Agreement between MCI Telecommunications Corporation and General Communication, Inc. dated January 1, 1993 (8) 10.15 Promissory Note Agreement between General Communication, Inc. and Ronald A. Duncan, dated August 13, 1993 (9) 10.16 Deferred Compensation Agreement between General Communication, Inc. and Ronald A. Duncan, dated August 13, 1993 (9) 10.17 Pledge Agreement between General Communication, Inc. and Ronald A. Duncan, dated August 13, 1993 (9) 10.19 Summary Plan Description pertaining to Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan of General Communication, Inc., as amended and restated January 1, 2003 (cid:195) 10.20 10.21 The GCI Special Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (11) Transponder Purchase Agreement for Galaxy X between Hughes Communications 10.25 10.25.1 10.25.2 10.25.3 10.25.4 10.25.5 10.25.6 10.25.7 10.25.8 10.25.9 10.25.10 10.26 Galaxy, Inc. and GCI Communication Corp. (11) Licenses: (5) 214 Authorization International Resale Authorization Digital Electronic Message Service Authorization Fairbanks Earth Station License Fairbanks (Esro) Construction Permit for P-T-P Microwave Service Fairbanks (Polaris) Construction Permit for P-T-P Microwave Service Anchorage Earth Station Construction Permit License for Eagle River P-T-P Microwave Service License for Juneau Earth Station Issaquah Earth Station Construction Permit ATU Interconnection Agreement between GCI Communication Corp. and Municipality of Anchorage, executed January 15, 1997 (18) 10.29 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated April 15, 1996, among General Communication, Inc., ACNFI, ACNJI and ACNKSI (12) 10.30 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 10, 1996, among General Communication, Inc., and Alaska Cablevision, Inc. (12) 10.31 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 10, 1996, among General Communication, Inc., and McCaw/Rock Homer Cable System, J.V. (12) 10.32 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 10, 1996, between General Communication, Inc., and McCaw/Rock Seward Cable System, J.V. (12) 10.33 Amendment No. 1 to Securities Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated October 31, 1996, among General Communication, Inc., and the Prime Sellers Agent (13) 140 Exhibit No. 10.34 First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement, dated October 30, 1996, among General Communication, Inc., ACNFI, ACNJI and ACNKSI (13) Description 10.36 Order Approving Arbitrated Interconnection Agreement as Resolved and Modified by 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 Order U-96-89(8) dated January 14, 1997 (18) Amendment to the MCI Carrier Agreement executed April 20, 1994 (18) Amendment No. 1 to MCI Carrier Agreement executed July 26, 1994 (16) MCI Carrier Addendum--MCI 800 DAL Service effective February 1, 1994 (16) Third Amendment to MCI Carrier Agreement dated as of October 1, 1994 (16) Fourth Amendment to MCI Carrier Agreement dated as of September 25, 1995 (16) Fifth Amendment to the MCI Carrier Agreement executed April 19, 1996 (18) Sixth Amendment to MCI Carrier Agreement dated as of March 1, 1996 (16) Seventh Amendment to MCI Carrier Agreement dated November 27, 1996 (20) First Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General Communication, Inc. and MCI Telecommunications Corporation dated April 1, 1996 (20) 10.46 Service Mark License Agreement between MCI Communications Corporation and General Communication, Inc. dated April 13, 1994 (19) 10.47 Radio Station Authorization (Personal Communications Service License), Issue Date June 23, 1995 (19) 10.50 Contract No. 92MR067A Telecommunications Services between BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. and GCI Network Systems dated April 1, 1992 (20) 10.51 Amendment No. 03 to BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. Contract No. 92MRO67A effective August 1, 1996 (20) 10.52 Lease Agreement dated September 30, 1991 between RDB Company and General Communication, Inc. (3) 10.54 Order Approving Transfer Upon Closing, Subject to Conditions, and Requiring Filings dated September 23, 1996 (19) 10.55 10.58 Order Granting Extension of Time and Clarifying Order dated October 21, 1996 (19) Employment and Deferred Compensation Agreement between General Communication, Inc. and John M. Lowber dated July 1992 (19) 10.59 Deferred Compensation Agreement between GCI Communication Corp. and Dana L. Tindall dated August 15, 1994 (19) 10.60 Transponder Lease Agreement between General Communication Incorporated and Hughes Communications Satellite Services, Inc., executed August 8, 1989 (9) 10.61 Addendum to Galaxy X Transponder Purchase Agreement between GCI Communication Corp. and Hughes Communications Galaxy, Inc. dated August 24, 1995 (19) 10.62 Order Approving Application, Subject to Conditions; Requiring Filing; and Approving Proposed Tariff on an Inception Basis, dated February 4, 1997 (19) 10.66 Supply Contract Between Submarine Systems International Ltd. And GCI Communication Corp. dated as of July 11, 1997. (23) 10.67 Supply Contract Between Tyco Submarine Systems Ltd. And Alaska United Fiber System Partnership Contract Variation No. 1 dated as of December 1, 1997. (23) 10.71 Third Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General 10.77 10.78 10.79 10.80 Communication, Inc. and MCI Telecommunications Corporation dated February 27, 1998 (25) General Communication, Inc. Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (26) Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan of General Communication, Inc., as amended and restated January 01, 2003 (cid:195) Statement of Stock Designation (Series B) (26) Fourth Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General Communication, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary GCI Communication Corp., and MCI WorldCom. (27) 141 Exhibit No. 10.82 10.89 10.90 10.91 10.99 10.100 10.101 10.102 10.103 Description Lease Intended for Security between GCI Satellite Co., Inc. and General Electric Capital Corporation (29) Fifth Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General Communication, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary GCI Communication Corp., and MCI WorldCom Network Services, Inc., formerly known as MCI Telecommunications Corporation dated August 7, 2000 ♦ (31) Sixth Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General Communication, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary GCI Communication Corp., and MCI WorldCom Network Services, Inc., formerly known as MCI Telecommunications Corporation dated February 14, 2001 ♦ (31) Seventh Amendment to Contract for Alaska Access Services between General Communication, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary GCI Communication Corp., and MCI WorldCom Network Services, Inc., formerly known as MCI Telecommunications Corporation dated March 8, 2001 ♦ (31) Statement of Stock Designation (Series C) (34) Contract for Alaska Access Services between Sprint Communications Company L.P. and General Communication, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary GCI Communication Corp. dated March 12, 2002 ♦(35) Credit, Guaranty, Security and Pledge Agreement between GCI Holdings, Inc. and Credit Lyonnais New York Branch as Administrative Agent, Issuing Bank, Co- Bookrunner and Co-Arranger, General Electric Capital Corporation as Documentation Agent, Co-Arranger and Co-Bookrunner and CIT Lending Services Corporation as Syndication Agent, dated as of November 1, 2002. (36) First Amendment to Lease Agreement dated as of September 2002 between RDB Company and GCI Communication Corp. as successor in interest to General Communication, Inc. (cid:195) Agreement and plan of merger of GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. a Delaware corporation and GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. an Alaska corporation each with and into GCI Cable, Inc. an Alaska corporation, adopted as of December 10, 2002 (cid:195) 10.104 Articles of merger between GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. and GCI Cable, Inc., adopted as of December 10, 2002 (cid:195) 10.105 Aircraft lease agreement between GCI Communication Corp., and Alaska corporation and 560 Company, Inc., an Alaska corporation, dated as of January 22, 2001 (cid:195) 10.106 First amendment to aircraft lease agreement between GCI Communication Corp., and Alaska corporation and 560 Company, Inc., an Alaska corporation, dated as of February 8, 2002 (cid:195) 21.1 23.1 99 99.1 99.2 99.7 99.8 99.15 99.16 99.17 99.18 99.19 99.20 99.21 99.22 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (cid:195) Consent of KPMG LLP (Accountant for Company) (cid:195) Additional Exhibits: The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Communication Corp. (2) The Bylaws of GCI Communication Corp. (2) The Bylaws of GCI Cable, Inc. (14) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Cable, Inc. (14) The Bylaws of GCI Holdings, Inc. (19) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Holdings, Inc. (19) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI, Inc. (18) The Bylaws of GCI, Inc. (18) The Bylaws of GCI Transport, Inc. (23) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Transport, Inc. (23) The Bylaws of Fiber Hold Co., Inc. (23) The Articles of Incorporation of Fiber Hold Co., Inc. (23) 142 Exhibit No. 99.23 99.24 99.25 99.26 99.27 99.28 99.29 99.30 99.31 99.32 99.33 99.34 99.35 99.36 Description The Bylaws of GCI Fiber Co., Inc. (23) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Fiber Co., Inc. (23) The Bylaws of GCI Satellite Co., Inc. (23) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Satellite Co., Inc. (23) The Partnership Agreement of Alaska United Fiber System (23) The Bylaws of Potter View Development Co., Inc. (32) The Articles of Incorporation of Potter View Development Co., Inc. (32) The Bylaws of GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. (34) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. (34) The Bylaws of GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. (34) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. (34) The Bylaws of GCI Fiber Communication, Co., Inc. (34) The Articles of Incorporation of GCI Fiber Communication, Co., Inc. (34) Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (cid:195) ------------------------- ♦ (cid:195) Certain information has been redacted from this document which we desire to keep undisclosed. Filed herewith. ------------------------- Exhibit Reference 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 Description Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1990 Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1991 Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 0-15279), mailed to the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 1986 Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1989. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 4, 1993. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Form S-4 Registration Statement dated October 4, 1996. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 1996. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 14, 1996, filed March 28, 1996. Incorporated by reference to The Company's Form S-3 Registration Statement (File No. 333-28001) dated May 29, 1997. Incorporated by reference to The Company's Amendment No. 1 to Form S-3/A Registration Statement (File No. 333-28001) dated July 8, 1997. 143 Exhibit Reference 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Description Incorporated by reference to The Company's Amendment No. 2 to Form S-3/A Registration Statement (File No. 333-28001) dated July 21, 1997. Incorporated by reference to The Company's Amendment No. 3 to Form S-3/A Registration Statement (File No. 333-28001) dated July 22, 1997. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1998. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 1999. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 1999. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2000. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2001. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2001. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2001. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002. Incorporated by reference to The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2002. (c) Reports on Form 8-K None. 144 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT The Board of Directors and Stockholders General Communication, Inc.: Under date of February 26, 2003, we reported on the consolidated balance sheets of General Communication, Inc. and subsidiaries (“Company”) as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2002, which are included in the Company's 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In connection with our audit of the aforementioned consolidated financial statements, we also audited the related consolidated financial statement schedule which is listed in the index in Item 15(a)(2) of the Company's 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K. This consolidated financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this consolidated financial statement schedule based on our audits. In our opinion this consolidated financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects the information set forth therein. Anchorage, Alaska February 26, 2003 /s/ KPMG LLP 145 Schedule VIII GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 Additions Deductions Description Allowance for doubtful receivables, year ended: Balance at beginning of year Charged to profit and loss Other (Amounts in thousands) Write- offs net of recoveries Balance at end of year December 31, 2002 1 December 31, 2001 December 31, 2000 $ $ $ 4,166 13,124 2,864 4,076 2,833 5,546 --- --- --- 3,280 14,010 2,774 4,166 5,515 2,864 1 The Allowance for Doubtful Receivables at December 31, 2002 includes the provision of $11.6 million of bad debt expense for estimated uncollectible accounts due from WorldCom. See note 11 to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II of this Report for more information. 146 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. GENERAL COMMUNICATION, INC. By: /s/ Ronald A. Duncan Ronald A. Duncan, President (Chief Executive Officer) Date: March 24, 2003 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated. Date March 24, 2003 March 24, 2003 March 8, 2003 March 24, 2003 March 24, 2003 March 22, 2003 March 24, 2003 March 24, 2003 March 24, 2003 Signatures Title /s/ Ronald A. Duncan Ronald A. Duncan /s/ Stephen M. Brett Stephen M. Brett /s/ Donne F. Fisher Donne F. Fisher /s/ William P. Glasgow William P. Glasgow /s/ Stephen R. Mooney Stephen R. Mooney /s/ Stephen Reinstadtler Stephen Reinstadtler /s/ James M. Schneider James M. Schneider /s/ John M. Lowber John M. Lowber /s/ Alfred J. Walker Alfred J. Walker President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) 147 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 302 AND 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Ronald A. Duncan, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of General Communication, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by the annual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly represent in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have; a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluations Date"); and c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluations as of the Evaluation Date; 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee or registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function); a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and 6. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have indicated in the annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluations, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. Date: March 24, 2003 /s/ Ronald A. Duncan Ronald A. Duncan President and Director 148 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 302 AND 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, John M. Lowber, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of General Communication, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by the annual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly represent in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have; a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluations Date"); and c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluations as of the Evaluation Date; 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee or registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function); a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and 6. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have indicated in the annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluations, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. Date: March 24, 2003 /s/ John M. Lowber John M. Lowber Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer 149 Exhibit 99.36 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of General Communication, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2002 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Ronald A. Duncan, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. Date: March 24, 2003 /s/ Ronald A. Duncan Ronald A. Duncan Chief Executive Officer General Communication, Inc. Exhibit 99.36 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of General Communication, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2002 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, John M. Lowber, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company. Date: March 24, 2003 /s/ John M. Lowber John M. Lowber Chief Financial Officer General Communication, Inc. SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT Exhibit 21.1 Alaska United Fiber System Partnership Entity Jurisdiction of Organization Alaska Name Under Which Subsidiary Does Business Alaska United Fiber System Partnership, Alaska United Fiber System, Alaska United Fiber Hold Co., Inc. Alaska Fiber Hold Co., Inc., Fiber Hold Company GCI Communication Corp. Alaska GCI, GCC, GCICC, GCI Communication Corp. GCI, Inc. GCI Cable, Inc. GCI Fiber Co., Inc. GCI Holdings, Inc. GCI Satellite Co., Inc. GCI Transport Co., Inc. Alaska GCI, GCI, Inc. Alaska GCI Cable, GCI Cable, Inc. Alaska GCI Fiber Co., Inc., GCI Fiber Company Alaska GCI Holdings, Inc. Alaska Alaska GCI Satellite Co., Inc., GCI Satellite Company GCI Transport Co., Inc., GCI Transport Company Potter View Development Co., Inc. Alaska Potter View Development Co., Inc. GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc. Alaska GCI Cablesystems of Alaska, Inc., Rogers Cable GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. Delaware GCI American Cablesystems, Inc. GCI Fiber Communication, Co., Inc. Alaska GCI Fiber Communication, Co., Inc., GFCC, Kanas INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ CONSENT Exhibit 23.1 The Board of Directors General Communication, Inc.: We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (No. 33-60728 and No. 33-60222) on Forms S-8 of General Communication, Inc. of our reports dated February 26, 2003, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of General Communication, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2002, and the related schedule, which reports appear in the December 31, 2002, annual report on Form 10-K of General Communication, Inc. /s/ KPMG LLP Anchorage, Alaska March 27, 2003

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