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George Weston

wn · TSX Communication Services
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Sector Communication Services
Industry Grocery Stores
Employees 10,000+
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FY2017 Annual Report · George Weston
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2017 Annual Report

George Weston Limited

Footnote Legend

(1)

(2)

(3)

See Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s 2017 Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

For financial definitions and ratios refer to the Glossary beginning on page 146.

To be read in conjunction with “Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 4.

Financial Highlights  2  /  Management’s Discussion and Analysis  3  /  Financial Results  69  /Three Year Summary  144  /
Glossary  146  /  Corporate Directory  148  /  Shareholder and Corporate Information  149

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 1

  Financial Highlights(2)

As at or for the years ended December 31

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Consolidated Operating Results
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1)
Income taxes
Adjusted income taxes(1)
Net earnings
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company(1)
Consolidated Financial Position and Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security deposits
Cash flows from operating activities
Capital investments
Free cash flow(1)
Total debt
Consolidated Per Common Share ($)
Diluted net earnings per common share ($)
Adjusted diluted net earnings per common share(1) ($)
Consolidated Financial Measures and Ratios
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Adjusted return on average equity attributable to common shareholders 

of the Company(1)

Adjusted return on capital(1)
Reportable Operating Segments
Weston Foods

Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

Loblaw
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

$

$

$

$

$

2017

2016

$

$

$

$

$

48,292
2,540
4,340
1,685
523
555
443
713
1,574
759
715
904

3,233
3,425
1,474
1,395
13,066

5.53
7.00

9.0%

12.9%
13.0%

2,243
91
256
11.4%
117

46,702
2,486
4,084
8.7%
1,568

47,999
2,255
4,140
1,654
700
568
465
678
1,090
550
506
838

2,660
3,760
1,465
1,725
12,804

3.90
6.49

8.6%

12.1%
12.1%

2,268
173
296
13.1%
111

46,385
2,084
3,844
8.3%
1,543

(i) Depreciation and amortization includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of intangible assets, acquired with

Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston
Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

2 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Forward-Looking Statements

Overview

Strategic Framework

Key Financial Performance Indicators

Overall Financial Performance

Consolidated Results of Operations
5.1
5.2
Selected Annual Information
Results of Reportable Operating Segments

6.1 Weston Foods Operating Results
6.2
Loblaw Operating Results
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows
Liquidity
Components of Total Debt
Financial Condition
Credit Ratings
Share Capital
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
Quarterly Results of Operations

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
Fourth Quarter Results (Unaudited)

8.1
8.2
Fourth Quarter Results of Reportable Operating Segments

9.1 Weston Foods Fourth Quarter Operating Results (Unaudited)
Loblaw Fourth Quarter Operating Results (Unaudited)
9.2

10. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

11.

12.

13.

14.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Enterprise Risks and Risk Management

12.1 Operating Risks and Risk Management
12.2 Financial Risks and Risk Management
Related Party Transactions

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

15. Accounting Standards Implemented

16.

Future Accounting Standards

17. Outlook

18. Non-GAAP Financial Measures

19. Additional Information

4

5

6

7

8

8
14
16

16
17
21

21
22
24
26
27
27
29
30
31

31
33
40

40
41
43

43

43

44
51
53

54

55

56

58

59

68

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 3

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) for George Weston Limited (“GWL” or the 
“Company”) should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and the 
accompanying notes on pages 69 to 143 of this Annual Report. The Company’s audited annual consolidated 
financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been prepared in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS” or “GAAP”) as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The audited annual consolidated financial statements include the accounts 
of the Company and other entities that the Company controls and are reported in Canadian dollars, except 
where otherwise noted. 

Under GAAP, certain expenses and income must be recognized that are not necessarily reflective of the 
Company’s underlying operating performance. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude the impact of certain items 
and are used internally when analyzing consolidated and segment underlying operating performance. These 
non-GAAP financial measures are also helpful in assessing underlying operating performance on a consistent 
basis. See Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of this MD&A for more information on the Company’s 
non-GAAP financial measures.

A glossary of terms and ratios used throughout this Annual Report can be found beginning on page 146.

The information in this MD&A is current to March 1, 2018, unless otherwise noted.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

1.
This Annual Report, including this MD&A, for the Company contains forward-looking statements about the
Company’s objectives, plans, goals, aspirations, strategies, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows,
performance, prospects, opportunities and legal and regulatory matters. Specific forward-looking statements in
this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the Company’s anticipated future
results, events and plans, strategic initiatives and restructuring, regulatory changes including minimum wage
increases and further healthcare reform, future liquidity, planned capital investments, and status and impact of
information technology (“IT”) systems implementation. These specific forward-looking statements are contained
throughout this Annual Report including, without limitation, in Section 3, “Strategic Framework”, Section 7,
“Liquidity and Capital Resources”, Section 17, “Outlook”, and Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this
MD&A. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe”,
“foresee”, “could”, “estimate”, “goal”, “intend”, “plan”, “seek”, “strive”, “will”, “may”, “maintain”, “achieve”,
“grow”, “should” and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company and its management.

Forward-looking statements reflect the Company’s current estimates, beliefs and assumptions, which are based 
on management’s perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well 
as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. The Company’s expectation of operating and 
financial performance in 2018 is based on certain assumptions including assumptions about sales and volume 
growth, anticipated cost savings, operating efficiencies, anticipated benefits from strategic initiatives, anticipated 
minimum wage increases and healthcare reform impacts. The Company’s estimates, beliefs and assumptions are 
inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and other uncertainties and contingencies 
regarding future events and as such, are subject to change. The Company can give no assurance that such 
estimates, beliefs and assumptions will prove to be correct. 

Numerous risks and uncertainties could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those 
expressed, implied or projected in the forward-looking statements, including those described in Section 12, 
“Enterprise Risks and Risk Management”, of this MD&A and the Company’s Annual Information Form (“AIF”) for 
the year ended December 31, 2017. Such risks and uncertainties include:
•

changes to the regulation of generic prescription drug prices, the reduction of reimbursements under public
drug benefit plans and the elimination or reduction of professional allowances paid by drug manufacturers;
failure to effectively manage or combine Loblaw Companies Limited’s (“Loblaw”) loyalty programs;
the inability of the Company’s IT infrastructure to support the requirements of the Company’s business, or
the occurrence of any internal or external security breaches, denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and
other known or unknown cybersecurity or data breaches;

•
•

4 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

• 

• 
• 

• 

failure to execute Loblaw’s e-commerce initiative or to adapt its business model to the shifts in the retail 
landscape caused by digital advances; 
failure to realize benefits from investments in the Company’s new IT systems;  
failure to effectively respond to consumer trends or heightened competition, whether from current 
competitors or new entrants to the marketplace; 
changes to any of the laws, rules, regulations or policies applicable to the Company's business, including 
increases to minimum wage; 

•  public health events including those related to food and drug safety; 
• 

failure to realize the anticipated benefits, including revenue growth, anticipated cost savings or operating 
efficiencies, associated with the Company's investment in major initiatives that support its strategic 
priorities;  

•  adverse outcomes of legal and regulatory proceedings and related matters; 
• 

reliance on the performance and retention of third party service providers, including those associated with 
the Company’s supply chain and Loblaw’s apparel business, including issues with vendors in both advanced 
and developing markets; 
failure to achieve desired results in labour negotiations, including the terms of future collective bargaining 
agreements;  
the inability of the Company to manage inventory to minimize the impact of obsolete or excess inventory 
and to control shrink; 
changes in economic conditions, including economic recession or changes in the rate of inflation or 
deflation, employment rates and household debt, political uncertainty, interest rates, currency exchange 
rates or derivative and commodity prices; 
the inability of the Company to effectively develop and execute its strategy; and
the inability of the Company to anticipate, identify and react to consumer and retail trends. 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

This is not an exhaustive list of the factors that may affect the Company’s forward-looking statements. Other 
risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that the Company presently believes are not 
material could also cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in its forward-looking 
statements. Additional risks and uncertainties are discussed in the Company’s materials filed with the Canadian 
securities regulatory authorities from time to time, including without limitation, the section entitled “Operating 
and Financial Risks and Risk Management” in the Company’s AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017. Readers 
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect the Company’s 
expectations only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by law, the Company does not 
undertake to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future 
events or otherwise.

OVERVIEW 

2. 
GWL is a Canadian public company, founded in 1882. The Company has two reportable operating segments: 
Loblaw and Weston Foods. The Company also holds cash, short term investments and an interest in Choice 
Properties Real Estate Investment Trust (“Choice Properties”) of 6.1%. Loblaw has three reportable operating 
segments: Retail, Financial Services and Choice Properties. Loblaw provides Canadians with grocery, pharmacy, 
health and beauty, apparel, general merchandise, credit card services, insurance brokerage services, gift cards 
and telecommunication services. Loblaw also holds an 82.4% effective interest in Choice Properties, which owns, 
manages and develops well-located retail and other commercial real estate across Canada. The Weston Foods 
operating segment includes a leading fresh bakery business in Canada and frozen, artisan bakery and biscuit 
businesses throughout North America.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 5

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 

3. 
The Company employs various operating and financial strategies, driven by each of its reportable operating 
segments.

Weston Foods is committed to offering superior products and services to its consumers and customers in an 
increasingly competitive environment. To deliver on this commitment, Weston Foods undertook an extensive 
business review to best position the business for the future. 

Weston Foods introduced its new strategic framework with a corresponding transformation program, centered 
on its ambition of becoming a premier North American bakery, all while delivering solid financial results. Weston 
Foods aims to redefine bakery for its consumers and customers with superior taste and experiences, enhance its 
level of service to customers, build on its leading brands and engage in strategic innovation.

Critical to achieving these goals are engaging talent in its workforce, investing in a competitive integrated supply 
chain, executing a new go-to-market approach, and implementing new systems to support agile ways of working. 
A transformation program is in place to support these critical elements, with the aim of realizing $100 million of 
adjusted EBITDA(1) improvement by 2020. 

This strategic framework and the transformation program will be pursued while respecting our core values and 
working towards our greater purpose of elevating everyday moments. 

Loblaw’s strategic framework is anchored by a powerful purpose: Live Life Well. Loblaw is committed to 
delivering industry-leading financial results through data-driven insights and process and efficiency excellence, 
while maintaining an intense focus on its customers. 

Loblaw’s aim is to offer the “best in food” and the “best in health and beauty”, supported by everyday digital 
retail, a connected healthcare network and a single loyalty program - PC Optimum.

The approach to offering “best in food” is driven by fresh selection, and a desire to offer sustainable and 
competitive pricing, customized assortments across banners and several of the country’s top control brands. 
Achieving “best in health and beauty” requires putting pharmacy customers first, providing high quality health 
and wellness products and services, delivering a diverse and differentiated beauty offering, and maintaining 
convenient locations and hours of operation.  

Loblaw is also focused on continued growth in the President’s Choice Financial Services and Choice Properties 
segments.

Weston Foods and Loblaw each have their own risk profiles and operating risk management strategies. The 
success of these and other plans and strategies discussed in this MD&A may be affected by risks and 
uncertainties, including those described in Section 12, “Enterprise Risks and Risk Management” of this MD&A 
and in the Company’s AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017.

6 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

KEY FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 

4. 
The Company has identified specific key financial performance indicators to measure the progress of short and 
long term objectives. Certain key financial performance indicators are set out below:

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

As at or for the years ended December 31
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company(1)
Diluted net earnings per common share ($)
Adjusted diluted net earnings per common share(1) 
Cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security deposits
Cash flows from operating activities
Free cash flow(1)
Total debt
Adjusted return on average equity attributable to common shareholders 

($)

of the Company(1)

Adjusted return on capital(1)

$
$
$

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

2017
48,292
2,540
4,340
9.0%
759
715
904
5.53
7.00
3,233
3,425
1,395
13,066

12.9%
13.0%

2016
47,999
2,255
4,140
8.6%
550
506
838
3.90
6.49
2,660
3,760
1,725
12,804

12.1%
12.1%

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 7

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

5. 

OVERALL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 

5.1 

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

For the years ended December 31

Sales

Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)
Net interest expense and other financing charges

Adjusted net interest expense and other 

financing charges(1)

Income taxes
Adjusted income taxes(1)
Adjusted income tax rate(1)
Net earnings attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Net earnings available to common shareholders

of the Company

Adjusted net earnings available to common 

shareholders of the Company(1)

Diluted net earnings per common share ($)
Adjusted diluted net earnings per common share(1) ($)

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

2017
48,292

2,540
4,340

9.0%

1,685

523

555

443

713

27.1%

759

715

904

5.53
7.00

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

2016
47,999

2,255
4,140

8.6%

1,654

700

568

465

678

27.5%

550

506

838

3.90
6.49

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

$ Change
293

285
200

31

(177)

(13)

(22)

35

209

209

66

1.63
0.51

% Change
0.6 %

12.6 %
4.8 %

1.9 %

(25.3)%

(2.3)%

(4.7)%

5.2 %

38.0 %

41.3 %

7.9 %

41.8 %
7.9 %

(i)   Depreciation and amortization includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of intangible assets, acquired with 

Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston 
Foods, related to restructuring and other charges. 

Net Earnings Available to Common Shareholders of the Company

Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company in 2017 were $715 million ($5.53 per common 
share), an increase of $209 million ($1.63 per common share) compared to the same period in 2016. The 
increase in 2017 was primarily due to an improvement in underlying operating performance of $66 million 
($0.51 per common share) and the favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $143 million 
($1.12 per common share), as described below.

•  The improvement in underlying operating performance of $66 million ($0.51 per common share) was 

primarily due to:

the underlying operating performance of Loblaw’s Retail segment; and
the favourable impact of a decrease in adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges, as 
described below;

partially offset by,

the unfavourable underlying operating performance of Weston Foods; and
the unfavourable impact of an increase in depreciation and amortization, as described below.

8 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
•  The favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $143 million ($1.12 per common share) 

was primarily due to:

the gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations of $207 million ($1.61 per common share);
the fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million Loblaw common shares of 
$57 million ($0.45 per common share);
the favourable year-over-year impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $24 million ($0.18 
per common share); and
the favourable year-over-year impact of the statutory corporate income tax rate change of 
$20 million ($0.16 per common share);

partially offset by,

the unfavourable impact of Loblaw’s charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum 
Program, including the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT 
assets, of $75 million ($0.58 per common share);

  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $65 million ($0.51 per common share); and

the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $39 million ($0.30 per common share).

•  Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company also included the positive contribution from 

the increase in the Company’s ownership interest in Loblaw, as a result of Loblaw’s share repurchases. 

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company(1) in 2017 were $904 million ($7.00 per 
common share), an increase of $66 million ($0.51 per common share) compared to the same period in 2016. The 
increase in adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company(1) in 2017 was primarily due 
to the improvement in underlying operating performance and the positive contribution from the increase in the 
Company’s ownership interest in Loblaw, as described above.

Sales

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Intersegment
Consolidated

2017
2,243
46,702
(653)
48,292

$
$
$
$

2016
2,268
46,385
(654)
47,999

$
$
$
$

       $ Change
(25)
$
317
$

% Change
(1.1)%
0.7 %

$

293

0.6 %

The Company’s 2017 consolidated sales were $48,292 million, an increase of $293 million compared to the same 
period in 2016. The increase in sales in 2017 was impacted by each of its reportable operating segments as 
follows:

•  Negatively by 0.1% due to sales decline of 1.1% at Weston Foods. Foreign currency translation negatively 

impacted sales by approximately 1.3%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, sales increased 
by 0.2% primarily due to an increase in volumes, partially offset by the negative impact of pricing and 
changes in sales mix.  

•  Positively by 0.7% due to sales growth of 0.7% at Loblaw, primarily driven by Retail. Retail sales increased by 
$250 million, or 0.6% compared to 2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail sales decreased by 
$97 million, or 0.2%. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar 
operations of $718 million, partially offset by same-store sales growth and an increase in Retail net square 
footage. Food retail same-store sales growth was 0.3%, after excluding gas bar operations. Loblaw’s food 
retail average annual internal food price index declined and was marginally higher than the average annual 
national food price deflation of 1.0% as measured by “The Consumer Price Index for Food Purchased from 
Stores” (“CPI”). CPI does not necessarily reflect the effect of inflation on the specific mix of goods sold in 
Loblaw stores. Drug retail same-store sales growth was 3.0%. The unfavourable impact of the timing of New 
Year’s Day was nominal on food and drug retail same-store sales growth.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Operating Income

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Other
Consolidated

2017
91
2,486
(37)
2,540

$
$
$
$

2016
173
2,084
(2)
2,255

$
$
$
$

         $ Change
(82)
$
402
$

% Change
(47.4)%
19.3 %

$

285

12.6 %

The Company’s 2017 operating income was $2,540 million, an increase of $285 million compared to the same 
period in 2016. The increase in operating income in 2017 was driven by the improvements in underlying 
operating performance of $154 million and the favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling 
$131 million, as described below:

• 

the improvements in underlying operating performance of $154 million were primarily due to the following:

the underlying operating performance of Loblaw primarily driven by its Retail segment and its Choice 
Properties segment, net of consolidation and eliminations, despite the impact of an increase in 
depreciation and amortization;

partially offset by,

the underlying operating performance of Weston Foods, including an increase in depreciation and 
amortization.

• 

the favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $131 million was primarily due to:

the gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operation of $501 million;
the favourable year-over-year impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $79 million; and
the favourable impact of income earned, net of certain costs incurred, from the wind-down of 
PC Financial banking services of $24 million;

partially offset by,

the unfavourable impact of Loblaw’s charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum 
Program, including the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT 
assets, of $211 million;

  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $150 million; and

the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $107 million.

Adjusted EBITDA(1)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

2017
256
4,084
4,340

$
$
$

2016
296
3,844
4,140

         $ Change
(40)
$
240
$
200
$

$
$
$

% Change
(13.5)%
6.2 %
4.8 %

The Company’s 2017 adjusted EBITDA(1) was $4,340 million, an increase of $200 million compared to the same 
period in 2016. The increase in adjusted EBITDA(1) in 2017 was impacted by each of its reportable operating 
segments as follows:

•  Negatively by 1.0% due to a decrease of 13.5% in adjusted EBITDA(1) at Weston Foods driven by continued 

investments in the business, higher input and distribution costs, operational issues and changes in sales mix, 
partially offset by productivity improvements.

10 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Positively by 5.8% due to an increase of 6.2% in adjusted EBITDA(1) at Loblaw, primarily driven by the Retail 
segment and the Choice Properties segment, net of consolidation and eliminations. The Retail segment 
included the positive contribution from the consolidation of franchises, partially offset by the unfavourable 
impact of the disposition of gas bar operations. The improvement in Retail adjusted EBITDA(1) was primarily 
driven by an increase in Retail gross profit, partially offset by an increase in Retail selling, general & 
administrative expenses (“SG&A”).

Depreciation and Amortization

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

2017
117
1,568
1,685

$
$
$

2016
111
1,543
1,654

         $ Change
6
$
25
$
31
$

$
$
$

% Change
5.4 %
1.6 %
1.9 %

Depreciation and amortization in 2017 was $1,685 million, an increase of $31 million compared to the same 
period in 2016, and included $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of intangible assets related to 
the acquisition of Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation (“Shoppers Drug Mart”) recorded by Loblaw and $10 million 
(2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, related to restructuring and other 
charges. Excluding these amounts, depreciation and amortization increased by $46 million primarily due to:
•  an increase in depreciation from the consolidation of Loblaw franchises;
•  higher depreciation due to an increase in Loblaw’s IT assets; and 
•  higher depreciation due to investments in capital at Weston Foods;
partially offset by,
• 

the change in the estimated useful life of certain Loblaw Retail equipment and fixtures in the second quarter 
of 2016.

Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges

($ millions)
For the years ended December 31
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Add: Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability

Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million 

Loblaw common shares

Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1)

2017
523
7

25
555

$

$

2016
700
(79)

(53)
568

$

$

Net interest expense and other financing charges in 2017 were $523 million, a decrease of $177 million 
compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in net interest expense and other financing charges in 2017 
was primarily due to the year-over-year impact of a decrease in adjusting items totaling $164 million, itemized in 
the table above, and a decrease in adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1) of $13 million 
driven by:
• 

lower interest expense in Loblaw’s Retail segment due to the repayment of Medium Term Notes (“MTNs”) in 
the second quarter of 2016; and
lower interest expense due to repayment made by GWL of a $350 million MTN in the fourth quarter of 2016;

• 
partially offset by,
•  an increase in interest expense on long term debt in Loblaw’s Choice Properties segment due to higher 

drawings on credit facilities, higher distributions to Trust unitholders other than the Company and Loblaw 
and a prior year gain on settlement of bond forwards, partially offset by lower interest due to the repayment 
of the Series 6 senior unsecured debentures in the first quarter of 2017; and

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 11

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

•  an increase in interest expense in Loblaw’s Financial Services segment primarily due to the Eagle Credit Card 

Trust® (“Eagle”) debt issuance in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Income Taxes

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Income taxes
Add: Tax impact of items excluded from adjusted earnings before taxes(1)(i)

Remeasurement of deferred tax balances
Statutory corporate income tax rate change

Adjusted income taxes(1)
Effective income tax rate applicable to earnings before taxes
Adjusted income tax rate applicable to adjusted earnings before taxes(1)

$

$

$

$

2017
443
232
19
19
713
22.0%
27.1%

2016
465
216

(3)
678
29.9%
27.5%

(i) 

See the adjusted EBITDA table and the adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges table included in Section 18,     
“Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of this MD&A for a complete list of items excluded from adjusted earnings before taxes(1).

the impact of the non-taxable portion of the gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations;

The effective tax rate in 2017 was 22.0%, a decrease of 7.9% compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease 
was primarily attributable to:
• 
•  a decrease in the non-deductible fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability;
•  a deferred tax recovery resulting from the remeasurement of certain deferred tax balances; and
•  a deferred tax recovery resulting from the decrease in the U.S. statutory corporate income tax rate, as 

described below.

The adjusted income tax rate(1) in 2017 was 27.1%, a decrease of 0.4% compared to the same period in 2016. The 
decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in certain other non-deductible items.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a deferred tax recovery of $19 million resulting from a 
change in the applicable provincial income tax rate used to measure certain deferred tax balances caused by a 
change in the location of certain business activities.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the U.S. government enacted a 14.0% decrease in the U.S. federal statutory 
corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. As a result, Weston Foods recorded a recovery of $19 million in 
2017 related to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities. 

In the first quarter of 2016, the Government of New Brunswick announced a 2.0% increase in the provincial 
statutory corporate income tax rate from 12.0% to 14.0%. Loblaw recorded a charge of $3 million in 2016 related 
to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities.  

Loblaw has been reassessed by Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) and the Ontario Ministry of Finance on the basis 
that certain income earned by Glenhuron Bank Limited (“Glenhuron”), a wholly owned Barbadian subsidiary, 
should be treated, and taxed, as income in Canada. The reassessments, which were received between 2015 and 
2017, are for the 2000 to 2012 taxation years and total $406 million including interest and penalties. Loblaw 
believes the reassessments are without merit and is vigorously defending them. Loblaw believes it is likely that 
the CRA will issue reassessments for the 2013 taxation year on the same or similar basis. Loblaw has filed a 
Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada for the 2000 to 2010 taxation years and a Notice of Objection for 
the 2011 and 2012 taxation years. The Tax Court of Canada trial is scheduled to commence in the second quarter 
of 2018. Loblaw does not currently have any significant accruals or provisions for this matter recorded in the 
consolidated financial statements.

12 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Competition Bureau Investigation

On December 19, 2017, the Company and Loblaw announced actions taken to address their role in an industry-
wide price-fixing arrangement involving certain packaged bread products. The arrangement involved the 
coordination of retail and wholesale prices of certain packaged bread products over a period extending from late 
2001 to March 2015. Under the arrangement, the participants regularly increased prices on a coordinated basis. 

Class action lawsuits have been commenced against the Company and Loblaw as well as a number of other 
major grocery retailers and another bread wholesaler. It is too early to predict the outcome of such legal 
proceedings. Neither the Company nor Loblaw believes that the ultimate resolution of such legal proceedings 
will have a material adverse impact on their financial condition or prospects. The Company and Loblaw’s cash 
balances far exceed any realistic damages scenario and therefore the Company and Loblaw do not anticipate any 
impacts on the Company and Loblaw’s dividend, dividend policy or Loblaw’s share buyback plan.  

The Company and Loblaw have not recorded any amounts related to the potential civil liability associated with 
the class action lawsuits in the fourth quarter of 2017 on the basis that a reliable estimate of the liability cannot 
be determined at this time. The Company and Loblaw will continue to assess whether a provision for civil liability 
associated with the class action lawsuits can be reliably estimated and will record an amount in the period that a 
reliable estimate of liability can be determined or the matter is ultimately resolved.  

As part of its response to this issue, Loblaw has announced the Loblaw Card Program pursuant to which Loblaw 
is offering a $25 Loblaw Card to eligible customers. The Loblaw Card can be used to purchase items sold in 
Loblaw grocery stores across Canada. Loblaw has recorded a charge of $107 million in relation to the Loblaw 
Card Program in the fourth quarter of 2017. The Company and Loblaw expect that Loblaw Cards issued to 
customers will be an offset against civil liability. The charge recorded for the Loblaw Card Program should not be 
viewed as an estimate of damages. 

As a result of their admission that they participated in the arrangement and their cooperation in the Competition 
Bureau’s investigation, the Company and Loblaw will not face criminal charges or penalties. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 13

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION 

5.2 
The selected information presented below has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the 
annual consolidated financial statements of the Company dated December 31, 2017 and 2016. The analysis of 
the data contained in the table focuses on the trends and significant events or items affecting the results of 
operations and financial condition of the Company over the latest three year period.

For the years ended December 31
($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1)
Income taxes
Adjusted income taxes(1)
Adjusted income tax rate(1)
Net earnings
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders 

of the Company(1)

Net earnings per common share ($) – diluted
Adjusted diluted net earnings per common share(1) ($)
Dividends declared per share type ($):

Common shares
Preferred shares – Series I
Preferred shares – Series III
Preferred shares – Series IV
Preferred shares – Series V

2017
(52 weeks)
48,292
2,540
4,340
9.0%
1,685
523
555
443
713
27.1%
1,574
759
715

904

5.53
7.00

1.805
1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$
$
$

$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

2016
(52 weeks)
47,999
2,255
4,140
8.6%
1,654
700
568
465
678
27.5%
1,090
550
506

838

3.90
6.49

1.745
1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$
$
$

$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

2015
(52 weeks)
46,894
1,929
3,826
8.2%
1,686
681
585
418
571
27.2%
830
511
467

717

3.62
5.57

1.695
1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$
$
$

$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million; 2015 – $536 million) of amortization of intangible assets, 
acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million; 2015 – $11 million) of accelerated 
depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

Sales  The Company’s reportable operating segments had the following sales trends over the last three years:

•  Weston Foods sales have been positively impacted by volume growth in both 2017 and 2016. Foreign 
currency translation had a negative impact on sales in 2017 but a positive impact on sales in 2016.

• 

Loblaw’s Retail segment has driven the growth in Loblaw sales over the last three years. Loblaw’s Retail 
segment sales have continued to grow despite the pressure of an intensely competitive retail market and an 
uncertain economic and regulatory environment over the last three years. Through 2015, Loblaw was 
operating in an inflationary environment for food prices. In 2016, this food price inflation trend reversed, 
with inflation declining each quarter and becoming deflationary in the fourth quarter. This trend continued 
until the third quarter of 2017 where deflation in food prices returned to inflation. Retail segment sales over 
the past three years were also impacted by the consolidation of franchises, the changes in the price of fuel 
sold at the Loblaw’s gas bars, the impact of drug reform, Loblaw’s store closure plan announced in 2015 and 
completed in 2016 and the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations in the third quarter of 2017.

14 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company and Diluted net earnings per common share  
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company and diluted net earnings per common share for 
the last three years were impacted by of certain adjusting items as described in Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial 
Measures”, of this MD&A and by the underlying operating performance of each of the Company’s reportable 
operating segments. 

Over the last three years, the Company’s underlying operating performance was impacted by the following:
• 

improvements in underlying operating performance at Loblaw in both 2017 and 2016, driven by the Retail 
segment, including positive same-store sales in both food and drug retail, and the positive contribution from 
net synergies related to the acquisition of Shoppers Drug Mart. The improvements in underlying operating 
performance included the impacts of an increase in depreciation and amortization in 2017 and a decrease in 
depreciation and amortization in 2016;

•  a decline in underlying operating performance at Weston Foods in 2017, driven by the investments in the 
business, higher input and distribution costs, operational issues and an increase in depreciation and 
amortization. A decline in underlying operating performance at Weston Foods in 2016, including the impact 
of incremental investments in the business, higher input costs, new plant costs, and an increase in 
depreciation and amortization;
lower adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1) in both 2017 and 2016 due to the 
repayment of MTNs at Loblaw and GWL; and

• 

•  an increase in GWL’s ownership interest in Loblaw in 2017 and 2016 as a result of share repurchases. GWL’s 

ownership of Loblaw was approximately 48.6% as at the end of 2017 (2016 – approximately 47.0%).

Over the last three years, the impact of certain adjusting items included:
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations;
the change in the fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million Loblaw shares;
year-over-year change in asset impairments, net of recoveries;
statutory corporate income tax rate changes;
the change in the fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability;
the remeasurement of deferred tax balances;
the wind-down of PC Financial banking services;
the settlement impacts of pension annuities and buy-outs;
the impairment of Loblaw’s drug retail ancillary assets held for sale; and
the accelerated finalization of transitioning of certain Loblaw grocery stores to more cost effective and 
efficient Labour Agreements;

partially offset by,
• 
• 

year-over-year foreign currency translation;
the PC Optimum Program, including the revaluation of existing points liability and the impairment of certain 
IT assets; 
the Loblaw Card Program; and
year-over-year change in restructuring and other charges.

• 
• 

Total Assets and Long Term Financial Liabilities 

($ millions)
Total assets
Total long term debt
Trust Unit liability
Total long term financial liabilities

Dec. 31, 2017
38,499
$
12,092
$
634
12,726

$

As at
Dec. 31, 2016
37,946
$
11,785
$
635
12,420

$

Dec. 31, 2015
38,220
$
12,276
$
552
12,828

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 15

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

In 2017, total assets of $38,499 million increased 1.5% as compared to 2016. The increase in total assets was 
primarily driven by an increase in cash and cash equivalents and short term investments as a result of the sale of 
Loblaw’s gas bar operation. Total long term financial liabilities increased by 2.5% compared to 2016 driven by the 
drawings on the Choice Properties Credit Facilities and the Eagle debt issuance partially offset by the repayment 
of the Choice Properties Series 6 senior unsecured debentures.

In 2016, total assets of $37,946 million decreased marginally and total long term financial liabilities decreased by 
3.2% compared to 2015. The decrease in total long term financial liabilities was primarily due to repayments of 
MTNs, partially offset by debt issuances by Choice Properties to third parties and the increase in the value of the 
Trust Unit liability.

The Trust Unit liability is recognized at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and fluctuates due to 
issuances and changes in the fair value of Choice Properties’ Trust Units. As at December 31, 2017, 47,444,450 
Units were held by unitholders other than the Company (2016 – 47,071,606, 2015 – 46,721,755) and the 
Company held an 88.5% (2016 – 88.5%, 2015 – 88.6%) effective ownership interest in Choice Properties.

6. 

RESULTS OF REPORTABLE OPERATING SEGMENTS 

The following discussion provides details of the 2017 results of operations of each of the Company’s reportable 
operating segments.

6.1  WESTON FOODS OPERATING RESULTS

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

2017
2,243
91
256
11.4%
117

$
$
$

$

$
$
$

$

2016
2,268 $
173 $
296 $

         $ Change
(25)
(82)
(40)

% Change
(1.1)%
(47.4)%
(13.5)%

13.1%

111 $

6

5.4 %

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes $10 million (2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation related to restructuring and 

other charges.

Sales  Weston Foods sales in 2017 were $2,243 million, a decrease of $25 million, or 1.1%, compared to the 
same period in 2016. Sales included the negative impact of foreign currency translation of approximately 1.3%. 
Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, sales increased by 0.2% primarily due to an increase in 
volumes, partially offset by the negative impact of pricing and changes in sales mix.  

Operating income  Weston Foods operating income in 2017 was $91 million, a decrease of $82 million compared 
to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the decline in underlying operating performance 
of $50 million and the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $32 million as 
described below:
•  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $31 million; and
• 
partially offset by,
• 

the favourable year-over-year impact of inventory loss, net of recoveries, of $17 million.

the fair value adjustment of derivatives of $19 million;

Adjusted EBITDA(1)  Weston Foods adjusted EBITDA(1) in 2017 was $256 million, a decrease of $40 million 
compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was driven by continued investments in the business, higher 
input and distribution costs, operational issues and changes in sales mix, partially offset by productivity 
improvements. 

Weston Foods adjusted EBITDA margin(1) was 11.4% compared to 13.1% in the same period in 2016. The decline 
in adjusted EBITDA margin(1) was mainly due to factors impacting adjusted EBITDA(1), as described above.

16 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Depreciation and Amortization  Weston Foods depreciation and amortization in 2017 was $117 million, an 
increase of $6 million compared to the same period in 2016. Depreciation and amortization included $10 million 
(2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation. These charges primarily related to closures of unprofitable 
facilities in the U.S. and Canada. Excluding these amounts, depreciation and amortization increased $10 million 
in 2017 due to investments in capital.

Weston Foods Other Business Matters

Restructuring and other charges Weston Foods continuously evaluates strategic and cost reduction initiatives 
related to its manufacturing assets, distribution networks and administrative infrastructure with the objective of 
ensuring a low cost operating structure. In the fourth quarter of 2017, Weston Foods recorded restructuring and 
other charges of $33 million (2016 – $7 million) and year-to-date $48 million (2016 – $17 million). In 2017, the 
restructuring charges were primarily related to the previously announced closure of an unprofitable facility in 
the U.S., which is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2018, and reorganization costs related to the 
transformation program. In the fourth quarter of 2017, these charges included severance and exit costs of 
$14 million, accelerated depreciation of $10 million, and impairment of a definite life intangible asset of 
$9 million. On a year-to-date basis, the restructuring charges included severance and exit costs of $15 million in 
addition to the charges in the fourth quarter of 2017 as described above. 

6.2 

LOBLAW OPERATING RESULTS

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
For the years ended December 31
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

2017
46,702
2,486
4,084
8.7%
1,568

$
$
$

$

$
$
$

$

         $ Change
317
402
240

2016
46,385 $
2,084 $
3,844 $
8.3%
1,543 $

% Change
0.7 %
19.3 %
6.2 %

25

1.6 %

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of intangible assets acquired with 

Shoppers Drug Mart.

Sales, operating income and adjusted EBITDA(1) in 2017 include the impacts of consolidation of franchises and 
the impact of the disposition of gas bar operations, as set out in “Loblaw Other Business Matters”.

Sales  Loblaw sales in 2017 were $46,702 million, an increase of $317 million compared to the same period in 
2016, primarily driven by Retail. Retail sales in 2017 increased by $250 million, or 0.6%, compared to the same 
period in 2016 and included food retail sales of $33,055 million (2016 – $33,175 million) and drug retail sales of 
$12,579 million (2016 – $12,209 million).

the impact of the disposition of gas bar operations of $718 million;

Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail sales in 2017 decreased by $97 million, or 0.2%, primarily driven 
by the following factors:
• 
partially offset by,
• 

food retail same-store sales growth was 0.3%, after excluding gas bar operations. Including gas bar 
operations, food retail same-store sales growth was 0.6%. Loblaw’s food retail average annual internal food 
price index declined and was marginally higher than the average annual national food price deflation of 1.0% 
as measured by CPI. CPI does not necessarily reflect the effect of inflation on the specific mix of goods sold in 
Loblaw stores;

•  drug retail same-store sales growth was 3.0%, including pharmacy same-store sales growth of 3.1% and front 

• 

store same-store sales growth of 2.9%;
the unfavourable impact of the timing of New Year’s Day was nominal on food and drug retail same-store 
sales growth; and

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 17

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

•  during 2017, 22 food and drug stores were opened and 19 food and drug stores were closed, resulting in an 

increase in Retail net square footage of 0.1 million square feet, or 0.1%.

Operating income  Loblaw operating income in 2017 was $2,486 million, an increase of $402 million compared 
to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by improvements in underlying operating 
performance of $204 million and the favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling 
$198 million, as described below:

• 

the improvements in underlying operating performance were primarily driven by Retail, due to an increase in 
Retail gross profit, partially offset by higher Retail SG&A, and Choice Properties, net of consolidation and 
eliminations. Retail also included the positive contribution from the consolidation of franchises, partially 
offset by the unfavourable impact of the disposition of gas bar operations; and

• 

the favourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $198 million was primarily due to:

the gain on disposition of gas bar operations of $501 million;
the favourable year-over-year impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $82 million; and
the favourable impact of income earned, net of certain costs incurred, from the wind-down of 
PC Financial banking services of $24 million;

partially offset by,

the unfavourable impact of charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum Program, 
including the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT assets, of 
$211 million;

  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $119 million; and

the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $107 million.

Adjusted EBITDA(1)  Loblaw adjusted EBITDA(1) in 2017 was $4,084 million, an increase of $240 million compared 
to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by the Retail segment and the Choice Properties 
segment, net of consolidation and eliminations. The Retail segment included the positive contribution from the 
consolidation of franchises, partially offset by the unfavourable impact of the disposition of gas bar operations. 
Retail adjusted EBITDA(1) increased $205 million driven by an increase in Retail gross profit, partially offset by an 
increase in Retail SG&A.

•  Retail gross profit percentage was 28.1%, an increase of 110 basis points compared to the same period in 

2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail gross profit percentage was 26.9%, an increase of 
50 basis points compared to 2016, primarily driven by the favourable impact of the disposition of gas bar 
operations of approximately 30 basis points and higher drug retail margins primarily due to front store 
margins. Food retail margins were stable.

•  Retail SG&A as a percentage of sales was 19.7%, an increase of 70 basis points compared to the same period 
in 2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail SG&A increased $27 million. Retail SG&A as a 
percentage of sales, excluding the consolidation of franchises, was 18.5%, an unfavourable increase of 10 
basis points compared to the same period in 2016, driven by the following factors:

the unfavourable impact of the disposition of gas bar operations of approximately 20 basis points;

partially offset by,

lower store support costs; and
the favourable impact of foreign exchange.

Loblaw adjusted EBITDA(1) in 2017 also included the increase in Choice Properties adjusted EBITDA(1), net of 
consolidations and eliminations, of $28 million, primarily due to an increase in base rent and operating cost 
recoveries from existing properties and the expansion of the portfolio through acquisitions and development of 
properties, and an increase in Financial Services adjusted EBITDA(1) of $7 million, primarily driven by growth in 
credit card receivables and higher Mobile Shop sales.

18 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and Amortization  Loblaw depreciation and amortization in 2017 was $1,568 million, an increase 
of $25 million compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in depreciation and amortization was 
primarily driven by the consolidation of franchises and an increase in IT assets, partially offset by the impact of 
the change in the estimated useful life of certain equipment and fixtures in the second quarter of 2016. Included 
in depreciation and amortization is the amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart of 
$524 million (2016 – $535 million).

Loblaw Other Business Matters

PC Optimum Program  In the fourth quarter of 2017, Loblaw announced plans to bring together the Shoppers 
Optimum and PC Plus reward programs to create one program, PC Optimum. As a result, Loblaw recorded a 
charge of $189 million, related to the revaluation of the existing liability for outstanding points to reflect a higher 
anticipated redemption rate under the new program, and a charge of $22 million, related to the impairment of 
certain IT assets that support the existing loyalty programs in the fourth quarter of 2017. Subsequent to the 
fourth quarter of 2017, Loblaw successfully launched the PC Optimum Program.

Restructuring and other charges In the fourth quarter of 2017, Loblaw eliminated approximately 500 corporate 
and store-support positions and finalized a plan that will result in the closure of 22 unprofitable retail locations 
across a range of banners and formats. Loblaw expects to record charges of approximately $135 million related 
to this restructuring, of which $123 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017. The charges included 
$109 million for severance and lease related costs, $7 million for asset impairments and $7 million related to 
other costs. Loblaw expects to realize approximately $85 million in annualized savings related to these plans. 
Loblaw expects that the store closures will be substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of 2018.  

In addition, Loblaw recorded $20 million in severance and other related charges and $3 million for asset 
impairments as a result of other restructuring plans approved in the fourth quarter of 2017 and a charge of 
$19 million related to an adjustment of onerous contract provisions related to previously announced 
restructuring plans.

Gas Bar Network  On July 17, 2017, Loblaw sold its gas bar operations, for proceeds of approximately 
$540 million, to Brookfield Business Partners L.P. (“Brookfield”). Loblaw recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of 
$501 million (post-tax gain of $432 million), net of related costs, in the third quarter of 2017. As a result of the 
transaction, Brookfield has become a strategic partner to Loblaw and will offer Loblaw’s PC Optimum Program 
at the gas bars. In addition, the gas bars operate at certain properties that are either owned by Loblaw or leased 
by Loblaw from Choice Properties or third-party landlords. As a result of the transaction, Brookfield leases or 
sub-leases these properties from Loblaw. In 2016, the gas bar operations sold approximately 1,700 million litres 
of gas and contributed approximately $1,500 million to sales. After taking into account the earnings associated 
with the gas bar operations and the ongoing commitment of Loblaw to fund certain loyalty program costs, the 
expected annual impact will be a reduction in adjusted EBITDA(1) of approximately $80 million, based on 2016 
information. Loblaw expects to use the proceeds from the sale for general corporate activities.

In 2017, the impact of the disposition of gas bar operations was $718 million on Retail sales and approximately 
$40 million on Retail adjusted EBITDA(1).  Loblaw expects in 2018 that the impact of the disposition of gas bar 
operations on Retail sales and Retail adjusted EBITDA(1) will approximate that experienced in 2017. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 19

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Consolidation of Franchises  Loblaw has more than 500 franchise food retail stores in its network. As at year end 
2017, 310 of these stores were consolidated for accounting purposes under a new, simplified franchise 
agreement (“Franchise Agreement”) implemented in 2015.

Loblaw will convert franchises to the Franchise Agreement as existing agreements expire, at the end of which all 
franchises will be consolidated. The following table presents the net number of franchises consolidated in the 
fourth quarter of 2017 and year-to-date, and the total impact of the consolidation of franchises included in the 
consolidated results of the Company: 

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Number of Consolidated Franchise stores,

beginning of period

Add: Net Number of Consolidated Franchise

stores in the period

Number of Consolidated Franchise stores, end

of period

Sales
Operating income (loss)
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Depreciation and amortization
Net earnings attributable to
non-controlling interests

Quarters Ended

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

273

37

310
186
16
27
11

14

$

165

35

200
99
21
27
6

28

$

200

110

310
710
23
66
43

24

$

85

115

200
363
(1)
20
21

7

Operating income (loss) included in the table above does not significantly impact net earnings available to 
common shareholders of the Company as this amount is largely attributable to non-controlling interests.

Loblaw expects that the estimated annual impact in 2018 of new and current consolidated franchises will be 
revenue of approximately $1,000 million, adjusted EBITDA(1) of approximately $100 million, depreciation and 
amortization of approximately $60 million and net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests of 
approximately $25 million.

Wind-down of PC Financial banking services  In the third quarter of 2017, President's Choice Bank (“PC Bank”) 
entered into an agreement to end its business relationship with a major Canadian chartered bank, which 
represented the personal banking services offered under the President's Choice Financial® brand. As a result of 
this agreement, PC Bank will receive a payment of approximately $43 million, net of certain costs incurred, 
$24 million of which was recognized in 2017 including $17 million recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017. The 
remaining amounts will be recognized in the first and second quarters of 2018. 

PC Bank will continue to operate the PC MasterCard® Program and customers will earn PC Optimum points. 
PC Bank remains committed to providing payment products to its customers and continues to strengthen its 
credit card services and loyalty programs.

Acquisition of properties  During 2017, Choice Properties acquired seven investment properties from third-party 
vendors for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $64 million, excluding acquisition costs, which was 
settled by an assumption of a $7 million mortgage, with the remainder in cash. Of the seven investment 
properties acquired during 2017, two investment properties were acquired from third-party vendors, in the 
fourth quarter of 2017, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $18 million, excluding acquisition costs.  

20 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Choice Properties’ Agreement to Acquire Canadian Real Estate Investment Trust  On February 15, 2018, 
Choice Properties entered into an agreement to acquire all of the assets and assume all of the liabilities, 
including long term debt and all residual liabilities of Canadian Real Estate Investment Trust (“CREIT”). CREIT will 
then redeem all of its outstanding units for $22.50 in cash plus 2.4904 Choice Properties units per CREIT unit, 
on a fully prorated basis. Using the Choice Properties closing unit price on February 14, 2018 of $12.49, this 
represents $53.61 per CREIT unit. The maximum amount of cash to be paid by Choice Properties will be 
approximately $1.65 billion and approximately 183 million units will be issued, based on the fully diluted number 
of CREIT units outstanding.

Choice Properties will finance the cash portion of the transaction with committed credit facilities totaling 
$3.6 billion. These committed facilities consist of an $850 million bridge facility that Choice Properties intends to 
refinance through the issuance of senior unsecured debentures and a $1.25 billion term loan. The term loan is 
structured in tranches maturing in 3, 4 and 5 years. Choice Properties will consider hedging the term loan to 
manage floating interest rate exposure. Choice Properties has also arranged a new $1.5 billion committed 
revolving credit facility, that will replace its and CREIT’s existing credit facilities ensuring that Choice Properties 
will have maximum flexibility to support ongoing growth prospects, including acquisitions and development.

Loblaw, Choice Properties’ controlling unitholder, has entered into a voting agreement in support of the 
transaction. To facilitate Choice Properties’ financing for the transaction, Loblaw has agreed to convert all of its 
outstanding Class C Limited Partnership units of Choice Properties Limited Partnership with a face value of 
$925 million into Class B LP units of Choice Properties Limited Partnership on closing. Following the transaction, 
the Company and Loblaw will own approximately 4% and 62% of Choice Properties, respectively.

The transaction is anticipated to close in the second quarter of 2018. The transaction will require the approval of 
at least 66 2/3% of the votes cast by unitholders of CREIT at a special meeting expected to take place in April 
2018. In addition to CREIT unitholder approval and court approvals, the transaction is subject to compliance with 
the Competition Act and certain other closing conditions customary in transactions of this nature. There can be 
no assurance that any such approvals will be obtained or that Loblaw will be able to successfully consummate 
the proposed transaction as currently contemplated or at all.

7. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

7.1 

CASH FLOWS 

($ millions)

For the years ended December 31
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash flows used in investing activities
Cash flows used in financing activities
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on

cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

2017
1,560
3,425
(1,075)
(1,865)

(11)
2,034

$
$
$
$

$
$

2016
$
1,413
3,760
$
(1,324) $
(2,275) $

(14) $
$

1,560

Change
147
(335)
249
410

3
474

$
$
$
$

$
$

Cash Flows from Operating Activities  The year-over-year decrease in cash inflows in 2017 was $335 million, 
primarily due to:
•  an increase in income taxes paid;
partially offset by,
•  higher cash earnings.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 21

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities  The year-over-year decrease in cash outflows in 2017 was $249 million, 
primarily driven by the proceeds from the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations and the acquisition of QHR 
Corporation (“QHR”) in 2016, partially offset by an increase in short term investments and higher fixed asset 
purchases.

The following table summarizes the Company’s capital investments by each of its reportable operating segments: 

($ millions)

For the years ended December 31
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Total capital investments

2017
215
1,259
1,474

$

$

2016
241
1,224
1,465

$

$

Cash Flows used in Financing Activities  The year-over-year decrease in cash outflows in 2017 was $410 million, 
primarily driven by lower net repayments of Loblaw’s long term debt and timing of dividends paid, partially 
offset by Loblaw’s higher repurchases of common shares and the change in short term bank debt.

The Company’s significant long term debt transactions are set out in Section 7.3, “Components of Total Debt”.

Free Cash Flow(1)

($ millions)

For the years ended December 31
Cash flows from operating activities
Less:

Interest paid
Fixed asset purchases
Intangible asset additions

Free cash flow(1)

2017
3,425
556
1,177
297
1,395

$

$

2016
3,760
570
1,129
336
1,725

$

$

Change
(335)
(14)
48
(39)
(330)

$

$

The year-over-year decrease in free cash flow(1) in 2017 was $330 million, primarily due to lower cash flows from 
operating activities, as described above.

LIQUIDITY 

7.2 
The Company (excluding Loblaw) expects that cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and future 
operating cash flows will enable it to finance its capital investment program and fund its ongoing business 
requirements, including working capital, pension plan funding requirements and financial obligations over the 
next 12 months. The Company (excluding Loblaw) does not foresee any impediments in obtaining financing to 
satisfy its long term obligations.

Loblaw expects that cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, future operating cash flows and the 
amounts available to be drawn against committed credit facilities will enable it to finance its capital investment 
program and fund its ongoing business requirements, including working capital, pension plan funding 
requirements and financial obligations, over the next 12 months. Financial Services expects to obtain long term 
financing for the growth of its credit card portfolio through the issuance of Eagle notes and Guaranteed 
Investment Certificates (“GICs”). Choice Properties expects to obtain long term financing for the acquisition of 
properties primarily through the issuance of unsecured debentures and equity.

For details on the Company’s cash flows, see Section 7.1 “Cash Flows” of this MD&A.

22 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Total Debt  The following table presents total debt, as monitored by management:

($ millions)
Bank indebtedness
Short term debt
Long term debt due within one year
Long term debt
Certain other liabilities
Fair value of financial derivatives related to the above debt
Total debt

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
110
$
1,258
1,635
10,457
41
(435)
13,066

$

Dec. 31, 2016
115
$
1,241
400
11,385
31
(368)
12,804

$

Management targets credit metrics consistent with those of an investment grade profile. The Company 
(excluding Loblaw) holds significant cash and cash equivalents and short term investments and as a result 
monitors its leverage on a net debt basis. The Company (excluding Loblaw) has total debt of $1,098 million 
(2016 – $1,123 million) and cash and cash equivalents and short term investments of $803 million (2016 – 
$1,016 million), resulting in a $295 million net debt position (2016 – $107 million net debt position).

Loblaw’s management is focused on managing its capital structure on a segmented basis to ensure that each of 
its operating segments is employing a capital structure that is appropriate for the industry in which it operates.

• 

Loblaw targets maintaining Retail credit metrics consistent with those of investment grade retailers. Loblaw 
monitors the Retail segment’s debt to adjusted EBITDA(1) ratio as a measure of the leverage being employed. 
The Retail segment debt to adjusted EBITDA(1) ratio decreased compared to 2016 primarily as a result of 
growth in adjusted EBITDA(1).

•  PC Bank capital management objectives are to maintain a consistently strong capital position while 

considering the economic risks generated by its credit card receivables portfolio and to meet all regulatory 
requirements as defined by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”). 

•  Choice Properties targets maintaining credit metrics consistent with those of investment grade Real Estate 
Investment Trusts (“REIT”). Choice Properties monitors metrics relevant to the REIT industry including 
targeting an appropriate debt to total assets ratio. 

Covenants and Regulatory Requirements  The Company, Loblaw and Choice Properties are required to comply 
with certain financial covenants for various debt instruments. As at year end 2017 and throughout the year, the 
Company, Loblaw and Choice Properties were in compliance with their respective covenants. As at year end 
2017 and throughout the year, PC Bank and Choice Properties have met all applicable regulatory requirements.

Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus In 2017, Loblaw filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the 
potential issuance of up to $2 billion of unsecured debentures and/or preferred shares subject to the availability 
of funding in the capital markets. 

In 2017, Eagle filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the potential issuance of up to 
$1 billion of notes over a 25-month period. 

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the 
potential issuance of up to $2 billion of Units and debt securities, or any combination thereof, over a 25-month 
period. Under this Prospectus, Choice Properties issued $650 million of senior unsecured debentures.

Subsequent to the end of 2017, GWL filed a Base Shelf Prospectus allowing for the issuance of up to $1 billion of 
senior and subordinated debt securities, and preferred shares, or any combination thereof over a 25-month 
period. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 23

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

7.3 

COMPONENTS OF TOTAL DEBT

Debentures and MTNs  The following table summarizes the debentures and MTNs issued in the years ended as 
indicated:

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

Choice Properties senior unsecured debentures

Interest             

Rate

Maturity                                   

Date

2017
Principal 
Amount

 – Series G

 – Series H

Total debentures issued

3.20%

5.27%

March 7, 2023

March 7, 2046

$

—

2016
Principal 
Amount

$

$

250

100

350

No debentures and MTNs were issued in 2017. Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties issued two 
series of senior unsecured debentures: $300 million Series I senior unsecured debentures due March 21, 2022, 
which bear interest at a rate of 3.01% per annum; and $350 million Series J senior unsecured debentures due 
January 10, 2025, which bear interest at a rate of 3.55% per annum.  

The following table summarizes the debentures and MTNs repaid in the years ended as indicated: 

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

George Weston Limited notes

Loblaw Companies Limited notes

Shoppers Drug Mart notes

Choice Properties senior unsecured debentures

 – Series 6

 – Series 5

Total MTNs and debentures repaid

(i)  Redeemed on January 23, 2017. 
(ii)  Redeemed on March 7, 2016.  

Rate
3.78%

7.10%

2.01%

3.00%

3.00%

Interest                

2017
Principal 
Maturity                             
Amount

Date
October 25, 2016

June 1, 2016

May 24, 2016

April 20, 2017(i)
April 20, 2016(ii)

2016

Principal 
Amount
350
300
225

$

$

$

200

200

$

300
1,175

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties issued an early redemption notice for its $400 million Series A 
3.55% senior unsecured debentures, which were redeemed on February 12, 2018 with an original maturity date 
of July 5, 2018. 

24 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Committed Credit Facilities  The components of the committed lines of credit available as at year end 2017 and 
2016 were as follows: 

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

($ millions)

Loblaw’s committed credit facility
Choice Properties’ committed 
syndicated credit facility

Choice Properties’ committed bi-lateral 

credit facility

Total committed credit facilities

Maturity
Date

Available
Credit

Drawn

June 10, 2021

$

1,000

July 5, 2022(i)

500

$

311

December 21, 2018

250

$

1,750

$

250

561

Available
Credit

$

1,000

500

250

$

1,750

Drawn

$

$

172

172

(i) 

  Choice Properties’ committed syndicated credit facility was extended for an additional year from July 5, 2021 to July 5, 2022.  

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties repaid and cancelled the committed bi-lateral credit facility. 

Independent Securitization Trusts  Loblaw, through PC Bank, participates in various securitization programs 
that provide a source of funds for the operation of its credit card business. PC Bank maintains and monitors the 
co-ownership interest in credit card receivables with independent securitization trusts, including Eagle and the 
Other Independent Securitization Trusts, in accordance with its financing requirements.

The following table summarizes the amounts securitized to independent securitization trusts: 

($ millions)
Securitized to independent securitization trusts:

Securitized to Eagle Credit Card Trust
Securitized to Other Independent Securitization Trusts

Total securitized to independent securitization trusts

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

900
640
1,540

$

$

650
665
1,315

In 2017, Eagle filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the potential issuance of up to 
$1 billion of notes over a 25-month period. Under this Prospectus, Eagle issued $250 million of senior and 
subordinated term notes with a maturity date of October 17, 2022 at a weighted average interest rate of 2.71%. 
In connection with this issuance, $200 million of bond forward agreements were settled, resulting in a realized 
fair value gain of $6 million, in Other Comprehensive Income and a net effective interest rate of 2.26% on the 
Eagle notes issued. 

Letters of credit for the benefit of independent securitization trusts with respect to the securitization programs 
of PC Bank have been issued by major financial institutions. These standby letters of credit can be drawn upon in 
the event of a major decline in the income flow from or in the value of the securitized credit card receivables. 
Loblaw has agreed to reimburse the issuing banks for any amount drawn on the standby letters of credit. The 
aggregate gross potential liability under these arrangements for the Other Independent Securitization Trusts was 
$62 million (2016 – $71 million), which represented approximately 10% (2016 – 11%) of the securitized credit 
card receivables amount. As at year end 2017, the aggregate gross potential liability under these arrangements 
for Eagle was $36 million (2016 – $36 million), which represented approximately 9% (2016 – 9%) of the 
outstanding Eagle notes issued prior to 2015.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 25

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Under its securitization programs, PC Bank is required to maintain, at all times, a credit card receivable pool 
balance equal to a minimum of 107% of the outstanding securitized liability. PC Bank was in compliance with this 
requirement as at year end 2017 and throughout 2017. 

The undrawn commitments on facilities available from the Other Independent Securitization Trusts as at year 
end 2017 were $160 million (2016 – $210 million). 

Independent Funding Trusts   As at year end 2017, the independent funding trusts had drawn $551 million 
(2016 – $587 million) from the revolving committed credit facility that is the source of funding to the 
independent funding trusts. Loblaw provides credit enhancement in the form of a standby letter of credit for the 
benefit of the independent funding trusts. As at year end 2017, Loblaw has agreed to provide a credit 
enhancement of $64 million (2016 – $64 million) in the form of a standby letter of credit for the benefit of the 
independent funding trusts representing not less than 10% (2016 – 10%) of the principal amount of the loans 
outstanding.

Guaranteed Investment Certificates The following table summarizes PC Bank’s GIC activity, before commissions, 
for the years ended as follows: 

($ millions)
Balance, beginning of year
GICs issued
GICs matured
Balance, end of year

2017
928
76
(152)
852

$

$

2016
809
239
(120)
928

$

$

As at year end 2017, $193 million in GICs were recorded as long term debt due within one year (2016 – 
$142 million).

Associate Guarantees  Loblaw has arranged for its Shoppers Drug Mart licensees (“Associates”) to obtain 
financing to facilitate their inventory purchases and fund their working capital requirements by providing 
guarantees to various Canadian chartered banks that support Associate loans. As at year end 2017, Loblaw’s 
maximum obligation in respect of such guarantees was $580 million (2016 – $580 million) with an aggregate 
amount of $509 million (2016 – $488 million) in available lines of credit was allocated to the Associates by the 
various banks. As at year end 2017, Associates had drawn an aggregate amount of $110 million (2016 – 
$115 million) against these available lines of credit. Any amounts drawn by the Associates are included in bank 
indebtedness on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As recourse in the event that any payments are 
made under the guarantees, Loblaw holds a first-ranking security interest on all assets of Associates, subject to 
certain prior-ranking statutory claims. 

7.4 

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Adjusted return on average equity attributable to common shareholders 

of the Company(1)

Adjusted return on capital(1)

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

12.9%
13.0%

12.1%
12.1%

Adjusted return on average equity attributable to common shareholders of the Company(1) increased as at year 
end 2017 compared to year end 2016, due to the improvement in Loblaw’s underlying operating performance 
and Loblaw’s common shares repurchased. Adjusted return on capital(1) increased as at year end 2017 compared 
to year end 2016 due to the factors described above and an increase in cash and cash equivalents and short term 
investments as a result of the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations.

26 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

CREDIT RATINGS

7.5 
In 2017, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) reaffirmed credit ratings and outlook for GWL, Loblaw and Choice Properties. 
Also in 2017, Dominion Bond Rating Service (“DBRS”) reaffirmed credit ratings and trends for GWL, Loblaw and 
Choice Properties.

Subsequent to the fourth quarter of 2017 and after the announcement that Choice Properties has entered into 
an agreement to acquire the assets and assume the liabilities of CREIT, DBRS reaffirmed the ratings of Loblaw 
and Choice Properties and changed the trend from Positive to Stable. S&P reaffirmed the ratings of Choice 
Properties.

The following table sets out the current credit ratings of GWL:

Credit Ratings (Canadian Standards)
Issuer rating
Medium term notes
Other notes and debentures
Preferred shares

DBRS
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB
BBB
Pfd-3

Trend
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable

The following table sets out the current credit ratings of Loblaw:

Credit Ratings (Canadian Standards)
Issuer rating
Medium term notes
Other notes and debentures
Second Preferred shares, Series B

DBRS
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB
BBB
Pfd-3

Trend
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable

The following table sets out the current credit ratings of Choice Properties:

S&P
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB
BBB
P-3 (high)

S&P
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB
BBB
P-3 (high)

Outlook
Stable
n/a
n/a
n/a

Outlook
Stable
n/a
n/a
n/a

Credit Ratings (Canadian Standards)
Issuer rating
Senior unsecured debentures

7.6 

SHARE CAPITAL

DBRS
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB

Trend
Stable
Stable

S&P
Credit Rating
BBB
BBB

Outlook
Stable
n/a

Outstanding Share Capital and Capital Securities  GWL’s outstanding share capital is comprised of common 
shares and preferred shares. The following table details the authorized and outstanding common shares and 
preferred shares as at December 31, 2017:

(number of common shares)
Common shares
Preferred shares –  Series I
–  Series II
–  Series III
–  Series IV
–  Series V

Authorized
Unlimited
10,000,000
10,600,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
8,000,000

Outstanding
127,905,581
9,400,000

8,000,000
8,000,000
8,000,000

Common Share Capital  Common shares issued are fully paid and have no par value. The following table 
summarizes the activity in the Company’s common shares issued and outstanding for the years ended 
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 27

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

(number of common shares)
Issued and outstanding, beginning of year
Issued for settlement of stock options
Purchased and cancelled

Issued and outstanding, end of year
Shares held in trusts, beginning of year

Purchased for future settlement of RSUs and PSUs
Released for settlement of RSUs and PSUs

Shares held in trusts, end of year
Issued and outstanding, net of shares held in trusts, end of year
Weighted average outstanding, net of shares held in trusts

2017
127,898,582
293,976
(286,977)
127,905,581
(266,999)
(70,198)
108,394
(228,803)
127,676,778
127,692,789

2016
127,911,661
54,921
(68,000)
127,898,582
(272,031)
(102,006)
107,038
(266,999)
127,631,583
127,668,839

As at year end 2017, a total of 1,527,125 GWL stock options were outstanding. The number of stock options 
outstanding was within the Company’s guidelines as GWL may grant options for up to 6,453,726 of its common 
shares. Each stock option is exercisable into one common share of GWL at the price specified in the terms of the 
option agreement.

Preferred Share Capital  GWL may, at its option, redeem for cash, in whole or in part, the preferred shares 
Series I, Series III, Series IV and Series V outstanding on or after the redemption dates specified by the terms of 
each series of preferred shares. GWL may at any time after issuance give the holders of these preferred shares 
the right, at the option of the holder, to convert the holder’s preferred shares into preferred shares of a further 
series designated by GWL on a share-for-share basis on a date specified by GWL. 

Dividends  The declaration and payment of dividends on the Company’s common shares and the amount thereof 
are at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) which takes into account the Company’s 
financial results, capital requirements, available cash flow, future prospects of the Company’s business and other 
factors considered relevant from time to time. Over time, it is the Company’s intention to increase the amount of 
the dividend while retaining appropriate free cash flow to finance future growth. In the second quarter of 2017 
and 2016, the Board raised the quarterly common share dividend by $0.015 to $0.455 and $0.44 per share, 
respectively. The Board declared dividends as follows: 

($)
Dividends declared per share(i):

Common share
Preferred share:

Series I
Series III
Series IV
Series V

2017

1.805

1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$

$
$
$
$

2016

1.745

1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$

$
$
$
$

(i)  Dividends declared on common shares and Preferred Shares, Series III, Series IV and Series V were payable on January 1, 2018 and 

subsequently paid on January 2, 2018. Dividends declared on Preferred Shares, Series I were paid on December 15, 2017.

28 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash dividends declared subsequent to year end 2017:

($)
Dividends declared per share(i) –  Common share
–  Preferred share:

Series I
Series III
Series IV
Series V

$

0.455

0.3625
$
0.3250
$
$
0.3250
$ 0.296875

(i)  Dividends declared on common shares and Preferred Shares, Series III, Series IV and Series V are payable on April 1, 2018. Dividends 

declared on Preferred Shares, Series I are payable on March 15, 2018.

At the time such dividends are declared, GWL identifies on its website (www.weston.ca) the designation of 
eligible and ineligible dividends in accordance with the administrative position of the CRA.

Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) Program  The following table summarizes the Company’s activity under its 
NCIB program:

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Purchased for future settlement of RSUs and PSUs (number of shares)
Purchased and cancelled (number of shares)
Cash consideration paid

Purchased and held in trusts
Purchased and cancelled

Premium charged to retained earnings

2017
70,198
286,977

2016
102,006
68,000

$
$
$

(7)
(31)
38

$
$
$

(11)
(8)
19

In the second quarter of 2017, GWL renewed its NCIB program to purchase on the Toronto Stock Exchange 
(“TSX”) or through alternative trading systems up to 6,395,185 of its common shares, representing 
approximately 5% of the common shares outstanding. In accordance with the rules and regulations of the TSX, 
any purchases must be at the then market price of such shares.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

7.7 
The following is a summary of the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements. Certain significant arrangements 
have also been discussed in Section 7.3, “Components of Total Debt”.

Letters of Credit  Standby and documentary letters of credit are used in connection with certain obligations 
mainly related to real estate transactions, benefit programs, purchase orders and performance guarantees, 
securitization of PC Bank’s credit card receivables and third-party financing made available to Loblaw’s 
franchisees. As at year end 2017, the aggregate gross potential liability related to the Company’s letters of credit 
was approximately $844 million (2016 – $771 million).

Guarantees  In addition to the letters of credit mentioned above, the Company has entered into various 
guarantee arrangements including obligations to indemnify third parties in connection with leases, business 
dispositions and other transactions in the normal course of the Company’s business. Additionally, Loblaw has 
provided a guarantee on behalf of PC Bank to MasterCard® International Incorporated (“MasterCard®”) for 
accepting PC Bank as a card member and licensee of MasterCard®. As at year end 2017, the guarantee on behalf 
of PC Bank to MasterCard® was U.S. dollars $190 million (2016 – U.S. dollars $190 million).

Glenhuron Bank Limited Surety Bond  In connection with the CRA’s reassessment of Loblaw on certain income 
earned by Glenhuron, Loblaw arranged for a surety bond of $149 million (2016 – $141 million) to the Ministry of 
Finance in order to dispute the reassessments.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 29

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Cash Collateralization  As at year end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had agreements to cash collateralize certain 
uncommitted credit facilities up to amounts of $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and $102 million (2016 – 
$103 million), respectively. As at year end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and 
$3 million (2016 – $4 million) deposited with major financial institutions, respectively, and classified as security 
deposits on the consolidated balance sheets. 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

7.8 
The following table summarizes certain of the Company’s significant contractual obligations and other 
obligations as at year end 2017:

Summary of Contractual Obligations

($ millions)
Total debt(i)
Foreign exchange forward

contracts

Operating leases(ii)
Contracts for purchases of 
real property and capital 
investment projects(iii)
Purchase obligations(iv)
Total contractual obligations

Payments due by year

2018
3,458 $

2019
2,535 $

2020
1,715 $

$

2021
985 $

2022
1,239 $

Thereafter

Total
7,822 $ 17,754

511
699

201
158
5,027 $

$

656

583

509

429

1,866

511
4,742

60
3,251 $

35
2,333 $

12
1,506 $

12
1,680 $

201
277
9,688 $ 23,485

(i) 

Includes short term debt, bank indebtedness, Loblaw’s certain other liabilities, and the fair value of the equity forward included in 
other assets. Total debt also includes fixed interest payments on long term debt which are based on the maturing face values and 
annual interest for each instrument, including GICs, long term independent securitization trusts and an independent funding trust, as 
well as annual payment obligations for consolidated structured entities, mortgages and finance lease obligations. Variable interest 
payments are based on the forward rates as at year end 2017.

(ii)  Represents the minimum or base rents payable. Amounts are not offset by any expected sub-lease income.
(iii)  Includes agreements for the purchase of real property and capital commitments for construction, expansion and renovation of 

buildings. These agreements may contain conditions that may or may not be satisfied. If the conditions are not satisfied, it is possible 
the Company will no longer have the obligation to proceed with the underlying transactions.

(iv)  Includes contractual obligations of a material amount to purchase goods or services where the contract prescribes fixed or minimum 
volumes to be purchased or payments to be made within a fixed period of time for a set or variable price. These are only estimates of 
anticipated financial commitments under these arrangements and the amount of actual payments will vary. The purchase obligations 
do not include purchase orders issued or agreements made in the ordinary course of business which are solely for goods that are 
meant for resale, nor do they include any contracts which may be terminated on relatively short notice or with insignificant cost or 
liability to the Company. Also excluded are purchase obligations related to commodities or commodity-like goods for which a market 
for resale exists.

As at year end 2017, the Company had additional long term liabilities which included post-employment and 
other long term employee benefit plan liabilities, deferred vendor allowances, deferred income tax liabilities, 
Trust Unit liability, and provisions, including insurance liabilities. These long term liabilities have not been 
included in the table above as the timing and amount of future payments are uncertain.

30 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

8. 

QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) 

8.1 
The Company’s year end is December 31. Activities are reported on a fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest 
to December 31. As a result, the Company’s fiscal year is usually 52 weeks in duration but includes a 53rd week 
every five to six years. Each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 contained 52 weeks. 
The 52-week reporting cycle is divided into four quarters of 12 weeks each except for the third quarter, which is 
16 weeks in duration. When a fiscal year contains 53 weeks, the fourth quarter is 13 weeks in duration. 

The following is a summary of selected consolidated financial information derived from the Company’s 
unaudited interim period condensed consolidated financial statements for each of the eight most recently 
completed quarters. 

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited)

($ millions except where 
otherwise indicated)

Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)
Net earnings
Net earnings attributable to

shareholders of the
Company

Net earnings available to

common shareholders of the
Company

Net earnings per common 

share ($) - basic

Net earnings per common 

share ($) - diluted

Adjusted diluted net earnings 
per common share(1) ($)

Weston Foods sales (decline)

growth

Weston Foods sales (decline)
growth excluding impact of
foreign currency translation

Average quarterly national food
price (deflation) inflation
(as measured by CPI)

Food retail same-store sales

(decline) growth

Drug retail same-store sales

growth

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

2017

Total

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

2016

Total

(12 weeks)

(12 weeks)

(16 weeks)

(12 weeks)

(audited)

(12 weeks)

(12 weeks)

(16 weeks)

(12 weeks)

  (audited)

$ 10,800
510
$
924
$
384
$

$ 11,435
639
$
$ 1,037
385
$

$ 14,648
$ 1,244
$ 1,307
509
$

$ 11,409
147
$
$ 1,072
407
$

$ 48,292
$ 2,540
$ 4,340
$ 1,685

$ 10,800
457
$
890
$
395
$

$ 11,075
525
$
981
$
370
$

$ 14,605
782
$
$ 1,242
497
$

$ 11,519
491
$
$ 1,027
392
$

$ 47,999
$ 2,255
$ 4,140
$ 1,654

$

$

$

$

$

$

240

117

107

0.84

0.83

1.42

$

$

$

$

$

$

364

170

160

1.25

1.23

1.67

$

$

$

$

$

$

904

434

420

3.29

3.25

2.14

$

$

$

$

$

$

66

$ 1,574

38

$

759

28

0.22

0.22

1.78

$

$

$

$

715

5.60

5.53

7.00

$

$

$

$

$

$

145

$

227

$

487

$

231

$ 1,090

47

$

143

$

268

$

92

$

550

37

0.29

0.29

1.31

$

$

$

$

133

1.04

1.04

1.56

$

$

$

$

254

1.99

1.97

2.06

$

$

$

$

82

0.64

0.64

1.59

$

$

$

$

506

3.96

3.90

6.49

(4.1)%

2.6 %

(0.7)%

(1.9)%

(1.1)%

11.5%

6.9%

3.7%

1.9 %

5.8%

(1.6)%

0.2 %

1.0 %

0.9 %

0.2 %

4.8%

4.3%

3.7%

2.1 %

3.6%

(3.9)%

(1.4)%

0.3 %

1.0 %

(1.0)%

4.3%

1.8%

0.2%

(2.3)%

1.0%

(1.2)%

1.2 %

1.4 %

0.5 %

0.6 %

2.0%

0.4%

0.8%

1.1 %

1.1%

0.9 %

3.7 %

3.3 %

3.6 %

3.0 %

6.3%

4.0%

2.8%

3.4 %

4.0%

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart recorded by Loblaw 

and accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

Impact of Trends and Seasonality on Quarterly Results  Consolidated quarterly results for the last eight quarters 
were impacted by the following significant items: foreign currency exchange rates, seasonality and the timing of 
holidays. The impact of Weston Foods seasonality is greatest in the third and fourth quarters and least in the first 
quarter. The impact of Loblaw seasonality is greatest in the fourth quarter and least in the first quarter. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 31

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Sales  Over the last eight quarters, consolidated sales have been impacted by each of the Company’s reportable 
operating segments as follows:

•  Weston Foods 2017 quarterly sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency translation when 

compared to the same periods in 2016, except for the second quarter of 2017 which had a positive impact 
on sales compared to the same period in 2016. Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, 
quarterly sales had positive growth, except for the first quarter of 2017.  The first quarter of 2017 was 
negatively impacted by the timing of New Year’s Day and Easter, pricing and changes in sales mix, partially 
offset by an increase in volumes.

•  Through 2015, Loblaw was operating in an inflationary environment for food prices. In 2016, this food price 
inflation trend reversed with inflation declining each quarter and becoming deflationary in the fourth 
quarter. This trend continued until the third quarter of 2017 where deflation in food prices returned to 
inflation. CPI does not necessarily reflect the effect of inflation on the specific mix of goods sold in Loblaw 
stores.

•  Over the past eight quarters, Loblaw’s net retail square footage increased by 0.4 million square feet to 

70.3 million square feet, primarily driven by new store openings partially offset by Loblaw’s store closure 
plan announced in 2015 and completed in the first half of 2016.

Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company and diluted net earnings per common share  
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company and diluted net earnings per common share for 
the last eight quarters were impacted by the underlying operating performance of each of the Company’s 
reportable operating segments and certain adjusting items.

The Company’s underlying operating performance for the last eight quarters included the following:
•  Weston Foods unfavourable year-over-year quarterly underlying operating performance during 2017 

reflected continued investments in the business and higher input and distribution costs, partially offset by 
productivity improvements; 
Loblaw favourable year-over-year quarterly underlying operating performance during 2017 reflected the 
improvements in underlying operating performance of the Retail segment in all quarters of 2017;
year-over year quarterly adjusted net interest and other financing charges(1) decreased in the first, second 
and fourth quarters of 2017. The net interest and other financing charges remained flat in the third quarter 
of 2017; and
year-over-year quarterly adjusted income tax rate(1) decreased in the first, second and fourth quarter of 2017 
and increased in the third quarter of 2017.

• 

• 

• 

The adjusting items impacting consolidated quarterly net earnings available to common shareholders of the 
Company and diluted net earnings per common share for the last eight quarters are described in Section 5.2, 
“Selected Annual Information”, and Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of this MD&A.

32 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

FOURTH QUARTER RESULTS (UNAUDITED) 

8.2 
The following is a summary of selected unaudited consolidated financial information for the fourth quarter. The 
analysis of the data contained in the table focuses on the results of operations and changes in the financial 
condition and cash flows in the fourth quarter.

Selected Consolidated Information
(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Adjusted net interest expense and other 

financing charges(1)

Income taxes
Adjusted income taxes(1)
Adjusted income tax rate(1)
Net earnings attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Net earnings available to common shareholders

of the Company

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders 

of the Company(1)

Diluted net earnings per common share ($)
Adjusted diluted net earnings per common share(1) ($)
Dividends declared per share ($):

Common shares
Preferred shares – Series I
Preferred shares – Series III
Preferred shares – Series IV
Preferred shares – Series V

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
11,409
$
147
$
1,072
$
9.4%
407
115

$
$

Dec. 31, 2016
11,519
$
491
$
1,027
$
8.9%
392
177

$
$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

133

(34)
181
27.3%

38

28

228

0.22
1.78

0.455
0.3625
0.3250
0.3250
0.296875

$

$
$

$

$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

135

83
172
27.4%

92

82

204

0.64
1.59

0.440
0.3625
0.3250
0.3250
0.296875

      $ Change
(110)
$
(344)
$
45
$

$
$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$
$

15
(62)

(2)

(117)
9

(54)

(54)

24

(0.42)
0.19

   % Change

(1.0)%
(70.1)%
4.4 %

3.8 %
(35.0)%

(1.5)%

(141.0)%
5.2 %

(58.7)%

(65.9)%

11.8 %

(65.6)%
11.9 %

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes $121 million (2016 – $124 million) of amortization of intangible assets, acquired with 

Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $3 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, 
related to restructuring and other charges.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 33

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company

Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company in the fourth quarter of 2017 were $28 million 
($0.22 per common share), a decrease of $54 million ($0.42 per common share) compared to the same period in 
2016. The decrease included improvements in underlying operating performance of $24 million ($0.19 per 
common share) which were more than offset by the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items 
totaling $78 million ($0.61 per common share), as described below. 

•  The improvements in underlying operating performance of $24 million ($0.19 per common share) were 

primarily due to: 

the underlying operating performance of Loblaw primarily due to the Retail segment;

partially offset by, 

the unfavourable underlying operating performance of Weston Foods. 

•  The unfavourable year-over-year net impact of certain adjusting items totaling $78 million ($0.61 per 

common share) was primarily due to: 

  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $78 million ($0.61 per common share);

the unfavourable impact of Loblaw’s charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum 
Program, including the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT 
assets, of $75 million ($0.58 per common share); and
the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $39 million ($0.30 per common share);

partially offset by,

the favourable impact of the fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million 
Loblaw common shares of $39 million ($0.29 per common share);
the favourable year-over-year impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $25 million ($0.19 
per common share);
the favourable year-over-year impact of the statutory corporate income tax rate change of 
$19 million ($0.15 per common share); and
the favourable impact of the remeasurement of deferred tax balances of $10 million ($0.08 per 
common share).

•  Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company also included the positive contribution from 

the increase in the Company’s ownership interest in Loblaw, as a result of Loblaw’s share repurchases. 

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 were 
$228 million ($1.78 per common share), an increase of $24 million ($0.19 per common share) compared to the 
same period in 2016, primarily due to the improvement in underlying operating performance, as described 
above.

Sales

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Intersegment
Consolidated

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
527
$
11,030
$
(148)
$
11,409
$

Dec. 31, 2016
537
$
11,130
$
(148)
$
11,519
$

       $ Change
(10)
$
(100)
$

% Change
(1.9)%
(0.9)%

$

(110)

(1.0)%

Sales in the fourth quarter of 2017 were $11,409 million, a decrease of $110 million compared to the same 
period in 2016. The decrease in sales in the fourth quarter of 2017 was impacted by each of its reportable 
operating segments as follows:

•  Negatively by 0.1% due to sales decline of 1.9% at Weston Foods, primarily due to the negative impact of 
foreign currency translation. Excluding the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation, sales 
increased 0.9% mainly driven by an increase in volumes and positive sales mix.

34 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Negatively by 0.9% due to sales decline of 0.9% at Loblaw, primarily driven by Retail. Retail sales decreased 
by $127 million, or 1.2%, compared to the same period in 2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, 
Retail sales decreased by $214 million, or 2.0%. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of the 
disposition of gas bar operations of $350 million, partially offset by positive same-store sales growth and a 
net increase in Retail square footage.

Operating income

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Other
Consolidated

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
8
$
138
$
1
$
147
$

Dec. 31, 2016
38
$
447
$
$
6
491
$

       $ Change
(30)
$
(309)
$

% Change
(78.9)%
(69.1)%

$

(344)

(70.1)%

Operating income in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $147 million, a decrease of $344 million compared to the 
same period in 2016. The decrease in operating income in the fourth quarter of 2017 included improvements in 
underlying operating performance of $34 million, more than offset by the unfavourable year-over-year net 
impact of adjusting items totaling $378 million, as described below:

• 

the improvements in underlying operating performance of $34 million were primarily due to:

the underlying operating performance of Loblaw primarily due to Retail, including the unfavourable 
year-over-year contribution from the consolidation of Loblaw franchises in the quarter and the 
unfavourable impact of the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations;

partially offset by,

the underlying operating performance of Weston Foods.

• 

the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $378 million was primarily due to:

the impact of Loblaw’s charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum Program, including 
the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT assets, of 
$211 million;

  an increase in restructuring and other related charges of $189 million; and
the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $107 million;

partially offset by,

the favourable year-over-year impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $77 million;
the favourable impact of prior year pension annuities and buy-outs of $21 million; and
the favourable impact of income earned, net of certain costs incurred, from the wind-down of 
PC Financial banking services of $17 million.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Adjusted EBITDA(1)

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
61
$
1,011
$
1,072
$

Dec. 31, 2016
$
$
$

73 $
954 $
1,027 $

   $ Change
(12)
57
45

% Change
(16.4)%
6.0 %
4.4 %

Adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $1,072 million, an increase of $45 million compared to the 
same period in 2016. The increase in adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was impacted by each of 
its reportable operating segments as follows:

•  Negatively by 1.2% due to a decrease of 16.4% in adjusted EBITDA(1) at Weston Foods driven by the changes 

in sales mix and higher input and distribution costs, partially offset by productivity improvements. 

•  Positively by 5.6% due to an increase of 6.0% in adjusted EBITDA(1) at Loblaw, primarily driven by Retail. The 
improvement in Retail adjusted EBITDA(1) was primarily driven by an increase in Retail gross profit, partially 
offset by an increase in Retail SG&A and included no impact for the consolidation of franchises in the quarter 
and the unfavourable impact of the disposition of gas bar operations of approximately $20 million.

Depreciation and Amortization

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
35
$
372
$
407
$

Dec. 31, 2016
$
$
$

27 $
365 $
392 $

$ Change
8
7
15

% Change
29.6 %
1.9 %
3.8 %

Depreciation and amortization  in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $407 million, an increase of $15 million 
compared to the same period in 2016, and included $121 million (2016 – $124 million) of amortization of 
intangible assets related to the acquisition of Shoppers Drug Mart recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – 
$3 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston Foods related to restructuring and other charges. 
Excluding these amounts, depreciation and amortization increased by $11 million driven by:
•  an increase in depreciation from the consolidation of Loblaw franchises;
•  higher depreciation due to an increase in Loblaw’s IT assets; and
•  higher depreciation due to investments in capital at Weston Foods.

36 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges

(unaudited)

($ millions)
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Add: Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability

Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million 

Loblaw common shares

Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(1)

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
115
$
8

Dec. 31, 2016
177
$
1

10
133

$

(43)
135

$

Net interest expense and other financing charges in the fourth quarter of 2017 were $115 million, a decrease of 
$62 million compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in net interest expense and other financing 
charges in the fourth quarter of 2017 was primarily due to the year-over-year impact of adjusting items totaling 
$60 million, itemized in the table above, and a decrease in adjusted net interest expense and other financing 
charges(1) of $2 million primarily due to:
• 

lower interest expense in the Loblaw’s Choice Properties segment due to the repayment of the Series 6 
senior unsecured debentures in the first quarter of 2017, partially offset by an increase in interest expense 
due to higher drawings on credit facilities; and
lower interest expense due to repayment made by GWL of a $350 million MTN in the fourth quarter of 2016;

• 
partially offset by,
•  an increase in interest expense in Loblaw’s Financial Services segment primarily due to the Eagle debt 

issuance in the fourth quarter of 2017.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 37

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Income Taxes

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Income taxes
Add: Tax impact of items excluded from adjusted earnings before taxes(1)(i)

Remeasurement of deferred tax balances
Statutory corporate income tax rate change

Adjusted income taxes(1)
Effective income tax rate applicable to earnings before taxes
Adjusted income tax rate applicable to adjusted earnings before taxes(1)

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
(34)
$
177
19
19
181
(106.3)%
27.3 %

$

Dec. 31, 2016
83
$
89

$

172
26.4%
27.4%

(i) 

See the adjusted EBITDA table and the adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges table included in Section 18,     
“Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of this MD&A for a complete list of items excluded from adjusted earnings before taxes(1).

The effective tax rate in the fourth quarter of 2017 was negative 106.3%, a decrease of 132.7% compared to the 
same period in 2016. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to an increase in certain 
non-taxable items, a decrease in the non-deductible fair value adjustment to the Trust Unit liability, a deferred 
tax recovery resulting from the remeasurement of certain deferred tax balances and a deferred tax recovery 
resulting from the decrease in the U.S. statutory corporate income tax rate, partially offset by an increase in 
certain other non-deductible items.
The adjusted income tax rate(1) for the fourth quarter of 2017 was 27.3%, a decrease of 0.1% compared to 
the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to an decrease in certain non-deductible items.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a deferred tax recovery of $19 million resulting from a 
change in the applicable provincial income tax rate used to measure certain deferred tax balances caused by a 
change in the location of certain business activities.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the U.S. government enacted a 14.0% decrease in the U.S. federal statutory 
corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. As a result, Weston Foods recorded a recovery of $19 million in 
2017 related to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities. 

38 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Cash Flows

(unaudited)
($ millions)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash flows used in investing activities
Cash flows used in financing activities
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on

cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
1,838
$
1,213
$
(950)
$
(69)
$

Dec. 31, 2016
$
1,863
$
976
$
$
(775) $
$
(506) $
$

Change
(25)
237
(175)
437

$
$

2
2,034

$
$

2
1,560

$
$

—
474

Cash Flows from Operating Activities  The year-over-year increase in cash inflows in the fourth quarter of 2017 
was $237 million, primarily due to:
• 

favourable change in non-cash working capital driven by an increase in trade payables and other liabilities; 
and

•  higher cash earnings;
partially offset by, 
• 

increase in income taxes paid.

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities  The year-over-year increase in cash outflows in the fourth quarter of 
2017 was $175 million, primarily due to the change in short term investments and fixed asset purchases, 
partially offset by the acquisition of QHR in 2016.

The following table summarizes the Company’s capital investments by each of its reportable operating segments 
for the quarters ended as indicated:

(unaudited)
($ millions)
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Total capital investments

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
88
$
487
575

$

Dec. 31, 2016
98
$
470
568

$

Cash Flows used in Financing Activities  The year-over-year decrease in cash outflows in the fourth quarter of 
2017 was $437 million, primarily due to higher net issuances of debt, partially offset by change in short term 
debt.

Free Cash Flow(1)

(unaudited)
($ millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Less:

Interest paid
Fixed asset purchases
Intangible asset additions

Free cash flow(1)

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
1,213
$
104
486
89
534

$

Dec. 31, 2016
976
$
103
452
116
305

$

$

$

Change
237
1
34
(27)
229

The year-over-year increase in free cash flow(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $229 million, primarily due 
to higher cash flows from operating activities.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 39

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

FOURTH QUARTER RESULTS OF REPORTABLE OPERATING SEGMENTS

9. 
The following discussion provides details of the 2017 fourth quarter results of operations of each of the 
Company’s reportable operating segments.

9.1  WESTON FOODS FOURTH QUARTER OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED) 

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
527
$
8
$
61
$
11.6%
35

$

Dec. 31, 2016
$
$
$

537 $
38 $
73 $

      $ Change
(10)
(30)
(12)

% Change
(1.9)%
(78.9)%
(16.4)%

13.6%

$

27 $

8

29.6 %

(i)  Depreciation and amortization includes $10 million (2016 – $3 million) of accelerated depreciation related to restructuring and other 

charges.

Sales  Weston Foods sales in the fourth quarter of 2017 were $527 million, a decrease of $10 million, or 1.9%, 
compared to the same period in 2016. Sales included the negative impact of foreign currency translation of 
approximately 2.8%. Excluding the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation, sales increased 0.9% 
mainly driven by an increase in volumes and positive sales mix. 

Operating income  Weston Foods operating income in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $8 million, a decrease of 
$30 million compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the decline in underlying 
operating performance of $13 million and the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling 
$17 million, as described below: 
•  an increase in restructuring and other charges of $26 million;  
partially offset by, 
• 
• 

the favourable impact of inventory loss, net of recoveries, of $7 million; and 
the favourable impact of the fair value adjustment of derivatives of $2 million. 

Adjusted EBITDA(1)  Weston Foods adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $61 million, a decrease of 
$12 million compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was driven by changes in sales mix and higher 
input and distribution costs, partially offset by productivity improvements.

Weston Foods adjusted EBITDA margin(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was 11.6% compared to 13.6% in the 
same period in 2016. The decline in adjusted EBITDA margin(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was mainly due to 
the factors impacting adjusted EBITDA(1), as described above.

Depreciation and Amortization  Weston Foods depreciation and amortization in the fourth quarter of 2017 was 
$35 million, an increase of $8 million compared to the same period in 2016. Depreciation and amortization 
included $10 million and $3 million in the fourth quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively, of accelerated 
depreciation related to the closures of unprofitable facilities in the U.S. and Canada. Excluding these amounts, 
depreciation and amortization in the fourth quarter of 2017 increased nominally.

Weston Foods Other Business Matters

For details see section 6.1, “Weston Foods Operating Results”, of this MD&A.

40 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

9.2 

LOBLAW FOURTH QUARTER OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)

(unaudited)

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA margin(1)
Depreciation and amortization(i)

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
11,030
$
138
$
1,011
$
9.2%
372

$

Dec. 31, 2016
$
$
$

11,130 $
447 $
954 $
8.6%
365 $

$

         $ Change
(100)
(309)
57

% Change
(0.9)%
(69.1)%
6.0 %

7

1.9 %

(ii)   Depreciation and amortization includes $121 million (2016 – $124 million) in the fourth quarter of 2017 of amortization of intangible 

assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart. 

Sales, operating income and adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 include the impacts of the 
consolidated franchises and the impact of the disposition of gas bar operations, as set out in “Loblaw Other 
Business Matters” of Section 6.2, “Loblaw Operating Results” of this MD&A.

Sales  Loblaw sales in the fourth quarter of 2017 were $11,030 million, a decrease of $100 million, or 0.9%, 
compared to the same period in 2016, primarily driven by Retail. Retail sales decreased by $127 million, or 1.2%, 
compared to the same period in 2016 and included food retail sales of $7,546 million (2016 – $7,789 million) and 
drug retail sales of $3,172 million (2016 – $3,056 million). Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail sales 
decreased by $214 million primarily driven by the following factors:
• 
partially offset by,
• 

food retail same-store sales growth was 0.5%, after excluding gas bar operations. Loblaw’s food retail 
average quarterly internal food price index was marginally higher than the average quarterly national food 
price inflation of 1.0% as measured by CPI. CPI does not necessarily reflect the effect of inflation on the 
specific mix of goods sold in Loblaw stores;

the impact of the disposition of gas bar operations of $350 million; 

•  drug retail same-store sales growth was 3.6%, including pharmacy same-store sales growth of 3.9% and front 

store same-store sales growth of 3.5%; and

•  22 food and drug stores were opened and 19 food and drug stores were closed in the last 12 months, 

resulting in an increase in Retail net square footage of 0.1 million square feet, or 0.1%.

Operating income  Loblaw operating income in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $138 million, a decrease of 
$309 million compared to the same period in 2016, primarily driven by improvements in underlying operating 
performance of $47 million which were more than offset by the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of 
adjusting items totaling $356 million, as described below: 

• 

the improvements in underlying operating performance of $47 million were primarily driven by Retail due to 
higher Retail gross profit, partially offset by an increase in Retail SG&A, and included the unfavourable year-
over-year impact of the consolidation of franchises in the quarter and the unfavourable impact of the 
disposition of gas bar operations; and

• 

the unfavourable year-over-year net impact of adjusting items totaling $356 million was primarily due to: 

the unfavourable impact of charges related to the announcement of the PC Optimum Program, 
including the revaluation of the existing points liability and the impairment of certain IT assets, of 
$211 million; 

  an increase in restructuring and other related charges of $163 million; and 
the unfavourable impact of the Loblaw Card Program of $107 million; 

partially offset by,

the year-over-year favourable impact of asset impairments, net of recoveries, of $77 million; 
the year-over-year favourable impact of pension annuities and buy-outs in the prior year of 
$21 million; and

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 41

 
 
 
 
 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

the favourable impact of income earned, net of certain costs incurred, from the wind-down of 
PC Financial banking services of $17 million. 

Adjusted EBITDA(1)  Loblaw adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 was $1,011 million, an increase of 
$57 million compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by Retail and included no 
impact for the consolidation of franchises in the quarter and the unfavourable impact of the disposition of gas 
bar operations. Retail adjusted EBITDA(1) was $936 million, an increase of $47 million driven by an increase in 
gross profit, partially offset by an increase in SG&A.

•  Retail gross profit percentage of 28.9% increased by 170 basis points compared to the fourth quarter of 
2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, Retail gross profit percentage was 27.5%, an increase of 
110 basis points compared to the fourth quarter of 2016. The increase in gross profit was due to the 
favourable impact of the disposition of gas bar operations of approximately 70 basis points and higher drug 
retail margins primarily driven by front store margins. Food retail margins were stable. 

•  Retail SG&A as a percentage of sales was 20.1%, an increase of 110 basis points compared to the fourth 

quarter of 2016. Excluding the consolidation of franchises, SG&A increased $8 million and as a percentage of 
sales was 18.8%, an unfavourable increase of 40 basis points compared to the fourth quarter of 2016 mainly 
driven by the unfavourable impact from the disposition of gas bar operations of approximately 50 basis 
points as store and store support costs were relatively flat as a percentage of sales.

Loblaw adjusted EBITDA(1) in the fourth quarter of 2017 also included an increase in Choice Properties adjusted 
EBITDA(1), net of consolidation and eliminations, of $6 million, primarily due to an increase in base rent and 
operating costs recoveries from existing properties and the expansion of the portfolio through acquisitions and 
development of properties, and an increase in Financial Services adjusted EBITDA(1) of $4 million, primarily 
driven by the growth in the credit card portfolio and higher Mobile Shop sales.

Depreciation and Amortization  Loblaw’s depreciation and amortization in the fourth quarter of 2017 was 
$372 million, an increase of $7 million compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in depreciation 
and amortization was primarily driven by the consolidation of franchises and an increase in IT assets.

Depreciation and amortization included $121 million (2016 – $124 million) in the fourth quarter of 2017 of 
amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart.

Loblaw Other Business Matters

For details see Section 6.2, “Loblaw Operating Results”, of this MD&A.

42 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

10. 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures to 
provide reasonable assurance that all material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is 
gathered and reported to senior management on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions can be made 
regarding public disclosure. 

As required by National Instrument 52-109, “Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim 
Filings” (“NI 52-109”) the Chairman, as Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer have caused the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures to be evaluated. Based on that evaluation, they have 
concluded that the design and operation of the system of disclosure controls and procedures were effective as at 
December 31, 2017.

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

11. 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting 
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of 
consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

As required by NI 52-109, the Chairman, as Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer have caused 
the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting to be evaluated using the framework 
established in ‘Internal Control - Integrated Framework (COSO Framework)’ published by The Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), 2013. Based on that evaluation, they have 
concluded that the design and operation of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting were 
effective as at December 31, 2017.

In designing such controls, it should be recognized that due to inherent limitations, any control, no matter how 
well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives 
and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods 
are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the 
degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Additionally, management is required to 
use judgment in evaluating controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting  There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls 
over financial reporting in the fourth quarter of 2017 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to 
materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

ENTERPRISE RISKS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

12. 
The Company is committed to maintaining a framework that ensures risk management is an integral part of its 
activities. To ensure the continued growth and success of the Company, risks are identified and managed through 
the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program.

ERM program  The ERM program assists all areas of the business in managing risk within appropriate levels of 
tolerance by bringing a systematic approach and methodology for evaluating, measuring and monitoring key risks. 
The results of the ERM program and other business planning processes are used to identify emerging risks to the 
Company, prioritize risk mitigation activities and develop a risk-based internal audit plan. 

Risks are not eliminated through the ERM program, but rather, are identified and managed in line with the 
Company’s risk appetite and within understood risk tolerances. The ERM program is designed to:
• 
facilitate effective corporate governance by providing a consolidated view of risks across the Company; 
•  enable the Company to focus on key risks that could impact its strategic objectives in order to reduce harm 

to financial performance through responsible risk management;

•  ensure that the Company’s risk appetite and tolerances are defined and understood; 
•  promote a culture of awareness of risk management and compliance within the Company;
•  assist in developing consistent risk management methodologies and tools across the Company including 

methodologies for the identification, assessment, measurement and monitoring of the risks; and

•  anticipate and provide early warnings of risks through key risk indicators. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 43

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Risk appetite and governance  The Board oversees the ERM program, including a review of the Company’s risks 
and risk prioritization and annual approval of the ERM policy and risk appetite statement. The risk appetite 
statement articulates key aspects of the Company’s businesses, values, and brands and provides directional 
guidance on risk taking. Key risk indicators are used to monitor and report on risk performance and whether the 
Company is operating within its risk appetite. Risk owners are assigned relevant risks by management and are 
responsible for managing risk and implementing risk mitigation strategies.

ERM framework  Risk identification and assessments are important elements of the Company’s ERM process and 
framework. An annual ERM assessment is completed to assist in the update and identification of internal and 
external risks. This assessment is carried out in parallel with strategic planning through interviews, surveys and 
facilitated workshops with management and the Board to align stakeholders’ views. This assessment is 
completed for each business unit and aggregated where appropriate. Risks are assessed and evaluated based on 
the Company’s vulnerability to the risk and the potential impact that the underlying risks would have on the 
Company’s ability to execute on its strategies and achieve its objectives and on the Company’s financial 
performance. 

Risk monitoring and reporting  Management provides periodic updates to the Board (or a Committee of the 
Board) on the status of the key risks based on significant changes from the prior update, anticipated impacts in 
future periods and significant changes in key risk indicators. In addition, the long term (three year) risk levels are 
assessed to monitor potential long term risk impacts, which may assist in risk mitigation planning activities.

Any of the key risks have the potential to negatively affect the Company and its financial performance. The 
Company has risk management strategies in place for key risks. However, there can be no assurance that the 
risks will be mitigated or will not materialize or that events or circumstances will not occur that could adversely 
affect the reputation, operations or financial condition or performance of the Company. 

12.1  OPERATING RISKS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Operating Risks  The following risks are a subset of the key risks identified through the ERM program. They 
should be read in conjunction with the full set of risks inherent in the Company’s business, as included in the 
Company’s AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017, which is hereby incorporated by reference:

Healthcare Reform
Loyalty Program
Cyber Security and Data Breaches
Electronic Commerce and Disruptive Technologies
IT Systems Implementations and Data Management
Competitive Environment
Regulatory Compliance

Product Safety and Public Health
Governance and Change Management
Legal Proceedings
Commodity Prices
Execution of Strategic Initiatives
Consumer and Retail Customer Trends

Healthcare Reform  Loblaw is reliant on prescription drug sales for a significant portion of its sales and profits. 
Prescription drugs and their sales are subject to numerous federal, provincial, territorial and local laws and 
regulations. Changes to these laws and regulations, or non-compliance with these laws and regulations, could 
adversely affect the reputation, operations or financial performance of the Company.

Federal and provincial laws and regulations that establish public drug plans typically regulate prescription drug 
coverage, patient eligibility, pharmacy reimbursement, drug product eligibility and drug pricing and may also 
regulate manufacturer allowance funding that is provided to or received by pharmacies or pharmacy suppliers. 
With respect to pharmacy reimbursement, such laws and regulations typically regulate the allowable drug cost 
of a prescription drug product, the permitted mark-up on a prescription drug product and the professional or 
dispensing fees that may be charged on prescription drug sales to patients eligible under the public drug plan. 
With respect to drug product eligibility, such laws and regulations typically regulate the requirements for listing 
the manufacturer’s products as a benefit or partial benefit under the applicable governmental drug plan, drug 
pricing and, in the case of generic prescription drug products, the requirements for designating the product as 

44 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

interchangeable with a branded prescription drug product. In addition, other federal, provincial, territorial and 
local laws and regulations govern the approval, packaging, labeling, sale, marketing, advertising, handling, 
storage, distribution, dispensing and disposal of prescription drugs. 

Sales of prescription drugs, pharmacy reimbursement and drug prices may be affected by changes to the health 
care industry, including legislative or other changes that impact patient eligibility, drug product eligibility, the 
allowable cost of a prescription drug product, the mark-up permitted on a prescription drug product, the amount 
of professional or dispensing fees paid by third-party payers or the provision or receipt of manufacturer 
allowances by pharmacies and pharmacy suppliers.

The majority of prescription drug sales are reimbursed or paid by third-party payers, such as governments, 
insurers or employers. These third-party payers have pursued and continue to pursue measures to manage the 
costs of their drug plans. Each provincial jurisdiction has implemented legislative and/or other measures directed 
towards managing pharmacy service costs and controlling increasing drug costs incurred by public drug plans 
and private payers which impact pharmacy reimbursement levels and the availability of manufacturer 
allowances. Legislative measures to control drug costs include lowering of generic drug pricing, restricting or 
prohibiting the provision of manufacturer allowances and placing limitations on private label prescription drug 
products. Other measures that have been implemented by certain government payers include restricting the 
number of interchangeable prescription drug products which are eligible for reimbursement under provincial 
drug plans. Additionally, the Council of the Federation, an institution created by the provincial Premiers in 2003 
to collaborate on intergovernmental relations, continues its work regarding cost reduction initiatives for 
pharmaceutical products and services. 

Legislation in certain provincial jurisdictions establish listing requirements that ensure that the selling price for a 
prescription drug product will not be higher than any selling price established by the manufacturer for the same 
prescription drug product under other provincial drug insurance programs. In some provinces, elements of the 
laws and regulations that impact pharmacy reimbursement and manufacturer allowances for sales to the public 
drug plans are extended by legislation to sales in the private sector. Also, private third-party payers (such as 
corporate employers and their insurers) are looking or may look to benefit from any measures implemented by 
government payers to reduce prescription drug costs for public plans by attempting to extend these measures to 
prescription drug plans they own or manage. Accordingly, changes to pharmacy reimbursement and 
manufacturer allowances for a public drug plan could also impact pharmacy reimbursement and manufacturer 
allowances for private sector sales. In addition, private third-party payers could reduce pharmacy reimbursement 
for prescription drugs provided to their members or could elect to reimburse members only for products 
included on closed formularies or available from preferred providers.

Ongoing changes impacting pharmacy reimbursement programs, prescription drug pricing and manufacturer 
allowance funding, legislative or otherwise, are expected to continue to put downward pressure on prescription 
drug sales. These changes may have a material adverse effect on Loblaw’s business, sales and profitability. In 
addition, Loblaw could incur significant costs in the course of complying with any changes in the regulatory 
regime affecting prescription drugs. Non-compliance with any such existing or proposed laws or regulations, 
particularly those that provide for the licensing and conduct of wholesalers, the licensing and conduct of 
pharmacists, the regulation and ownership of pharmacies, the advertising of pharmacies and prescription 
services, the provision of information concerning prescription drug products, the pricing of prescription drugs 
and restrictions on manufacturer allowance funding, could result in audits, civil or regulatory proceedings, fines, 
penalties, injunctions, recalls or seizures, any of which could adversely affect the reputation, operations or 
financial performance of the Company.

Loyalty Program  Loblaw’s loyalty program is a valuable offering to customers and provides a key differentiating 
marketing tool for the business. The marketing, promotional and other business activities related to combining 
Loblaw’s loyalty programs must be well managed and coordinated to preserve positive customer perception. Any 
failure to successfully combine the loyalty programs and manage it thereafter may negatively impact Loblaw’s 
reputation or financial performance.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 45

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Cyber Security and Data Breaches  The Company depends on the uninterrupted operation of its IT systems, 
networks and services including internal and public internet sites, data hosting and processing facilities,       
cloud-based services and hardware such as point-of-sale processing at stores to operate its business.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company collects, processes, transmits and retains confidential, sensitive 
and personal information including personal health and financial information (“Confidential Information”) 
regarding the Company and its employees, franchisees, Associates, vendors, customers, patients, credit card 
holders and loyalty program members. Some of this Confidential Information is held and managed by third party 
service providers. As with other large and prominent companies, the Company is regularly subject to 
cyberattacks and such attempts are occurring more frequently, are constantly evolving in nature and are 
becoming more sophisticated.

The Company has implemented security measures, including employee training, monitoring and testing, 
maintenance of protective systems and contingency plans, to protect and to prevent unauthorized access of 
Confidential Information and to reduce the likelihood of disruptions to its IT systems. The Company also has 
security processes, protocols and standards that are applicable to its third party service providers.

Despite these measures, all of the Company’s information systems, including its back-up systems and any third 
party service provider systems that it employs, are vulnerable to damage, interruption, disability or failures due 
to a variety of reasons, including physical theft, electronic theft, fire, power loss, computer and 
telecommunication failures or other catastrophic events, as well as from internal and external security breaches, 
denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and other known or unknown disruptive events.

The Company or its third party service providers may be unable to anticipate, timely identify or appropriately 
respond to one or more of the rapidly evolving and increasingly sophisticated means by which computer hackers, 
cyber terrorists and others may attempt to breach the Company’s security measures or those of our third party 
service providers’ information systems.

As cyber threats evolve and become more difficult to detect and successfully defend against, one or more cyber 
threats might defeat the Company’s security measures or those of its third party service providers. Moreover, 
employee error or malfeasance, faulty password management or other irregularities may result in a breach of 
the Company’s or its third party service providers’ security measures, which could result in a breach of 
employee, franchisee, Associate, customer, credit card holder or loyalty program member privacy or Confidential 
Information.

If the Company does not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain reliable IT 
infrastructure, fails to timely identify or appropriately respond to cybersecurity incidents, or the Company’s or its 
third party service providers’ information systems are damaged, destroyed, shut down, interrupted or cease to 
function properly, the Company’s business could be disrupted and the Company could, among other things, be 
subject to: transaction errors; processing inefficiencies; the loss of, or failure to attract new customers; the loss 
of revenue; the loss or unauthorized access to Confidential Information or other assets; the loss of or damage to 
intellectual property or trade secrets; damage to its reputation; litigation; regulatory enforcement actions; 
violation of privacy, security or other laws and regulations; and remediation costs.

Electronic Commerce and Disruptive Technologies  Loblaw’s electronic commerce strategy is a growing business 
initiative. As part of the e-commerce initiative, customers expect innovative concepts and a positive customer 
experience, including a user-friendly website, certain websites and customer offerings that are integrated with 
Loblaw’s loyalty program, reliable data, safe and reliable processing of payments and a well-executed 
merchandise pick up or delivery process. If systems are damaged or cease to function properly, capital 
investment may be required. Loblaw is also vulnerable to various additional uncertainties associated with e-
commerce including website downtime and other technical failures, changes in applicable federal and provincial 
regulations, security breaches, and consumer privacy concerns. If these technology-based systems do not 
function effectively, Loblaw’s ability to grow its e-commerce business could be adversely affected. Loblaw has 
increased its investment in improving the digital customer experience, but there can be no assurances that the 
Company will be able to recover the costs incurred to date. 

46 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The retail landscape is quickly changing due to the rise of the digitally influenced shopping experience and the 
emergence of disruptive technologies, such as digital payments, drones, driverless cars and robotics. In addition, 
the effect of increasing digital advances could have an impact on the physical space requirements of retail 
businesses. Although the importance of a retailer’s physical presence has been demonstrated, the size 
requirements and locations may be subject to further disruption. Any failure to adapt the business models to 
recognize and manage this shift in a timely manner could adversely affect Loblaw’s operations or financial 
performance.

IT Systems Implementations and Data Management  The Company continues to undertake investments in new 
IT systems to improve the operating effectiveness of the organization. Failure to successfully migrate from legacy 
systems to the new IT systems or a significant disruption in the Company’s current IT systems during the 
implementation of new systems could result in a lack of accurate data to enable management to effectively 
manage day-to-day operations of the business or achieve its operational objectives, causing significant 
disruptions to the business and potential financial losses. 

Failure to successfully adopt or implement appropriate processes to support the new IT systems, or failure to 
effectively leverage or convert data from one system to another, may preclude the Company from optimizing its 
overall performance and could result in inefficiencies and duplication in processes, which could in turn adversely 
affect the reputation, operations or financial performance of the Company. Failure to realize the anticipated 
strategic benefits including revenue growth, anticipated cost savings or operating efficiencies associated with the 
new IT systems could adversely affect the reputation, operations or financial performance of the Company. 

The Company also depends on relevant and reliable information to operate its business. As the volume of data 
being generated and reported continues to increase across the Company, data accuracy, quality and governance 
are required for effective decision making. Failure by the Company to leverage data, including customer data, in 
a timely manner may adversely affect the Company’s ability to execute its strategy and therefore its financial 
performance.  

Competitive Environment  The Company operates in highly competitive industries. 

Loblaw competes against a wide variety of retailers including supermarket and retail drug store operators, as 
well as mass merchandisers, warehouse clubs, online retailers, mail order prescription drug distributors, limited 
assortment stores, discount stores, convenience stores and specialty stores. Many of these competitors now 
offer a selection of food, drug and general merchandise. Others remain focused on supermarket-type 
merchandise. In addition, Loblaw is subject to competitive pressures from new entrants into the marketplace 
and from the expansion or renovation of existing competitors, particularly those expanding into the grocery and 
retail drug markets and those offering e-Commerce retail platforms. Loblaw’s inability to effectively predict 
market activity, leverage customer preferences and spending patterns and respond timely to trends, or compete 
effectively with its current or future competitors could result in, among other things, reduced market share and 
reduced profitability. If Loblaw is ineffective in responding to consumer trends or in executing its strategic plans, 
its financial performance could be adversely affected. Loblaw’s failure to effectively respond to customer trends 
may adversely impact Loblaw’s relationship with its customers. Loblaw closely monitors its competitors and their 
strategies, market developments and market share trends.

Weston Foods’ competitors include multi-national food processing companies as well as national and smaller-
scale bakery operations in North America. 

Failure by Weston Foods or Loblaw to sustain their competitive position could adversely affect the Company’s 
financial performance.

Regulatory Compliance  The Company is subject to a wide variety of laws, regulations and orders across all 
countries in which it does business, including those laws involving product liability, labour and employment, 
anti-trust and competition, pharmacy, food safety, intellectual property, privacy, environmental and other 
matters. The Company is subject to taxation by various taxation authorities in Canada and a number of foreign 
jurisdictions. Changes to any of the laws, rules, regulations or policies (collectively, “laws”) applicable to the 
Company’s business, including tax laws, minimum wage laws, and laws affecting the production, processing, 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 47

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

preparation, distribution, packaging and labelling of food, pharmaceuticals, and general merchandise products, 
could adversely affect the operations or financial condition or performance of the Company. 

Failure by the Company to comply with applicable laws, regulations and orders could subject the Company to 
civil or regulatory actions, investigations or proceedings, including fines, assessments, injunctions, recalls or 
seizures, which in turn could adversely affect the reputation, operations or financial condition or performance of 
the Company. In the course of complying with changes to laws, the Company could incur significant costs. 
Changing laws or interpretations of such laws or enhanced enforcement of existing laws could restrict the 
Company’s operations or profitability and thereby threaten the Company’s competitive position and ability to 
efficiently conduct business.

On December 19, 2017, the Company and Loblaw announced actions taken to address their role in an industry-
wide price-fixing arrangement involving certain packaged bread products. The arrangement involved the 
coordination of retail and wholesale prices of certain packaged bread products over a period extending from late 
2001 to March 2015. Under the arrangement, the participants regularly increased prices on a coordinated basis. 
Please refer to the “Legal Proceedings” risk on page 49 of this MD&A.

The Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (“RAMQ”) has been investigating certain aspects of Shoppers Drug 
Mart’s contractual arrangements with pharmacists and drug manufacturers.  Shoppers Drug Mart has and will 
continue to cooperate with RAMQ in its review of these practices. If RAMQ is not satisfied with Shoppers Drug 
Mart’s practices, then RAMQ may pursue remedies that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
reputation, operations, or financial condition or performance.  

The Company is subject to tax audits from various tax authorities on an ongoing basis. As a result, from time to 
time, tax authorities may disagree with the positions and conclusions taken by the Company in its tax filings or 
legislation could be amended or interpretations of current legislation could change, any of which events could 
lead to reassessments. These reassessments could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
reputation, operations or financial condition or performance. 

Loblaw is subject to externally imposed capital requirements from OSFI, the primary regulator of PC Bank. 
PC Bank’s capital management objectives are to maintain a consistently strong capital position while considering 
the economic risks generated by its credit card receivables portfolio and to meet all regulatory capital 
requirements as defined by OSFI. PC Bank uses Basel III as its regulatory capital management framework which 
includes a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% and a total capital ratio of 8%. 
In addition to the regulatory capital ratios requirement, PC Bank is subject to the Basel III Leverage ratio and 
OSFI’s Guideline on Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (“LARs”). The LARs guideline establishes standards based 
on the Basel III framework. PC Bank would be assessed fines and other penalties for non-compliance with these 
and other regulations. In addition, failure by PC Bank to comply, understand, acknowledge and effectively 
respond to applicable regulators could result in regulatory intervention and reputational damages.

Choice Properties is currently classified as a “unit trust” and a “mutual fund trust” under the Income Tax Act 
(Canada). It also qualifies for the Real Estate Investment Trust Exception under the Income Tax Act (Canada) and 
as such is not subject to specified investment flow through rules. There can be no assurance that the Canadian 
federal income tax laws will not be changed in a manner which adversely affects Choice Properties. If Choice 
Properties ceases to qualify for these and other classifications and exceptions, the taxation of Choice Properties 
and unitholders, including Loblaw and certain wholly owned subsidiaries of GWL, could be materially adversely 
different in certain respects, which could in turn materially adversely affect the trading price of the Units. 

Product Safety and Public Health  The Company’s products may expose it to risks associated with product safety 
and defects and product handling in relation to the manufacturing, design, packaging and labeling, storage, 
distribution, and display of products. The Company cannot assure that active management of these risks, 
including maintaining strict and rigorous controls and processes in its manufacturing facilities and distribution 
systems, will eliminate all the risks related to food and product safety. The Company could be adversely affected 
in the event of a significant outbreak of food-borne illness or food safety issues including food tampering or 
contamination. In addition, failure to trace or locate any contaminated or defective products or ingredients could 

48 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

affect the Company’s ability to be effective in a recall situation. Loblaw is also subject to risk associated with 
errors made through medication dispensing or errors related to patient services or consultation. The occurrence 
of such events or incidents, as well as the failure to maintain the cleanliness and health standards at Loblaw’s 
store level or the Company’s manufacturing facilities, could result in harm to customers, negative publicity or 
could adversely affect the Company’s brands, reputation, operations or financial performance and could lead to 
unforeseen liabilities from legal claims or otherwise.

Governance and Change Management  Significant initiatives in support of the Company’s strategic priorities are 
underway, including the execution of IT initiatives, Loblaw’s cost management efforts, and other ongoing 
organizational changes.

Specifically, Weston Foods will be implementing a transformation program, to position it for long term growth 
and profitability. This transformation program includes changes to the organization and its operation, and 
significant capital investments including a major upgrade of its IT system.

The success of these initiatives is dependent on effective leadership and realizing intended benefits. Ineffective 
change management could result in a lack of integrated processes and procedures, unclear accountabilities and 
decision-making rights, decreased colleague engagement, ineffective communication and training or a lack of 
requisite knowledge. Any of the foregoing could disrupt operations, increase the risk of customer dissatisfaction, 
adversely affect the Company’s reputation or financial performance or adversely affect the ability of the 
Company to implement and achieve its long term strategic objectives.

Legal Proceedings  In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in and potentially subject to legal 
proceedings. The proceedings may involve suppliers, customers, Associates, franchisees, regulators, tax 
authorities or other persons. The potential outcome of legal proceedings and claims is uncertain and could result 
in a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, operations or financial condition or performance.

On August 26, 2015, the Company was served with a proposed class action, which was commenced in the 
Ontario Superior Court of Justice (“the Court”) against the Company, Loblaw and certain of its subsidiaries and 
others in connection with the collapse of the Rana Plaza complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013. The claim seeks 
approximately $2 billion in damages. 

Shoppers Drug Mart has been served with an Amended Statement of Claim in a class action proceeding that has 
been filed in the Court by two licensed Associates, claiming various declarations and damages resulting from 
Shoppers Drug Mart’s alleged breaches of the Associate Agreement, in the amount of $500 million. The class 
action comprises all of Shoppers Drug Mart’s current and former licensed Associates residing in Canada, other 
than in Québec, who are parties to Shoppers Drug Mart’s 2002 and 2010 forms of the Associate Agreement. On 
July 9, 2013, the Court certified as a class proceeding portions of the action. The Court imposed a class closing 
date based on the date of certification. New Associates after July 9, 2013 are not members of the class. 

Loblaw has been reassessed by CRA and the Ontario Ministry of Finance on the basis that certain income earned 
by Glenhuron, a wholly owned Barbadian subsidiary, should be treated, and taxed, as income in Canada. The 
reassessments, which were received between 2015 and 2017, are for the 2000 to 2012 taxation years and total 
$406 million including interest and penalties. Loblaw believes it is likely that the CRA will issue reassessments for 
the 2013 taxation year on the same or similar basis. Loblaw has filed a Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of 
Canada for the 2000 to 2010 taxation years and a Notice of Objection for the 2011 and 2012 taxation years. The 
Tax Court of Canada trial is scheduled to commence in the second quarter of 2018. 

On December 19, 2017, the Company and Loblaw announced actions taken to address their role in an industry-
wide price-fixing arrangement involving certain packaged bread products. The arrangement involved the 
coordination of retail and wholesale prices of certain packaged bread products over a period extending from late 
2001 to March 2015. Under the arrangement, the participants regularly increased prices on a coordinated basis. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 49

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Class action lawsuits have been commenced against the Company and Loblaw as well as a number of other 
major grocery retailers and another bread wholesaler. It is too early to predict the outcome of such legal 
proceedings. Neither the Company nor Loblaw believes that the ultimate resolution of such legal proceedings 
will have a material adverse impact on their financial condition or prospects. The Company and Loblaw’s cash 
balances far exceed any realistic damages scenario and therefore the Company and Loblaw do not anticipate any 
impacts on the Company and Loblaw’s dividend, dividend policy or Loblaw’s share buyback plan.  

As part of its response to this issue, Loblaw has announced the Loblaw Card Program pursuant to which Loblaw 
is offering a $25 Loblaw Card to eligible customers. The Loblaw Card can be used to purchase items sold in 
Loblaw grocery stores across Canada. Loblaw has recorded a charge of $107 million in relation to the Loblaw 
Card Program in the fourth quarter of 2017. The Company and Loblaw expect that Loblaw Cards issued to 
customers will be an offset against civil liability. The charge recorded for the Loblaw Card Program should not be 
viewed as an estimate of damages. 

As a result of their admission that they participated in the arrangement and their cooperation in the Competition 
Bureau’s investigation, the Company and Loblaw will not face criminal charges or penalties. 

Commodity Prices  Weston Foods’ costs are directly impacted by fluctuations in the prices of commodity linked 
raw materials such as wheat flours, sugars, vegetable oils, cocoa powders and chocolate. Loblaw is also exposed 
to fluctuations in the commodity prices as a result of the indirect effect of changing commodity prices on the 
price of consumer products. In addition, both Weston Foods and Loblaw are exposed to increases in the prices of 
energy in operating, in the case of Weston Foods, its bakeries and distribution networks, and, in the case of 
Loblaw, its stores and distribution networks. Both Weston Foods and Loblaw use purchase commitments and 
derivative instruments in the form of futures contracts, option contracts and forward contracts to manage their 
current and anticipated exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices.  

Execution of Strategic Initiatives  The Company undertakes from time to time acquisitions and dispositions that 
meet its strategic objectives. The Company holds significant cash and short term investments and is continuing 
to evaluate strategic opportunities for the use or deployment of these funds. The use or deployment of the 
funds and the execution of the Company’s capital plans could pose a risk if they do not align with the Company’s 
strategic objectives or if the Company experiences integration difficulties on the acquisition of any businesses. 
Execution of the strategic plan requires prudent operational planning, availability and attention of key personnel, 
timely implementation and effective change management. In addition, the Company may not be able to realize 
upon the synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects expected from any such investment 
opportunities or from the execution of the Company’s strategies. Finally, any acquisition or divestiture activities 
may present unanticipated costs and managerial and operational risks, including the diversion of management’s 
time and attention from day-to-day activities. If the Company’s strategies are not effectively developed and 
executed, it could negatively affect the reputation, operations or financial performance of the Company.

Consumer and Retail Customer Trends  The North American bakery market continues to evolve as consumer 
preferences and consumption patterns shift. As a result of evolving retail customer trends, the Company must 
anticipate and meet these trends in a highly competitive environment on a timely basis. The failure of Weston 
Foods to anticipate, identify and react to shifting consumer and retail customer trends and preferences through 
successful innovation and enhanced manufacturing capability could adversely result in reduced demand for its 
products, which could in turn affect the financial performance of the Company.

50 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

12.2 

FINANCIAL RISKS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Financial Risks  The Company is exposed to a number of financial risks, including those associated with financial 
instruments, which have the potential to affect its operating and financial performance. The Company uses over-
the-counter derivative instruments to offset certain of these risks. Policies and guidelines prohibit the use of any 
derivative instrument for trading or speculative purposes. The fair value of derivative instruments is subject to 
changing market conditions which could adversely affect the financial performance of the Company.

The following is a summary of the Company’s financial risks which are discussed in detail below:

Liquidity
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Credit

Common Share and Trust Unit Prices
Interest Rates

Liquidity  Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to generate or obtain sufficient cash or its 
equivalents in a cost effective manner to fund its obligations as they come due. The Company is exposed to 
liquidity risk through, among other areas, PC Bank and its credit card business, which requires a reliable source 
of funding for its credit card business. PC Bank relies on its securitization programs and the acceptance of GIC 
deposits to fund the receivables of its credit cards. The Company would experience liquidity risk if it fails to 
maintain appropriate levels of cash and short term investments, is unable to access sources of funding or fails to 
appropriately diversify sources of funding. If any of these events were to occur, they could adversely affect the 
financial performance of the Company. 

Liquidity risk is mitigated by maintaining appropriate levels of cash and cash equivalents and short term 
investments, actively monitoring market conditions, and by diversifying sources of funding, including the 
Company’s committed credit facilities, and maintaining a well diversified maturity profile of debt and capital 
obligations.  

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates  The Company’s consolidated financial statements are expressed in Canadian 
dollars, however a portion of the Company’s (excluding Loblaw’s) net assets are denominated in U.S. dollars 
through both its net investment in foreign operations in the U.S. and its foreign subsidiaries held by Dunedin 
Holdings GmbH and certain of its affiliates with a functional currency that is the same as that of the Company. 
The U.S. dollar denominated net assets are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency exchange 
rate in effect at the balance sheet date. As a result, the Company is exposed to foreign currency translation gains 
and losses. Those gains and losses arising from the translation of the U.S. dollar denominated assets of foreign 
subsidiaries with a functional currency that is the same as that of the Company are included in operating income, 
while translation gains and losses on the net investment in foreign operations in the U.S. are recorded in 
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). 

Revenues and expenses of all foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency 
exchange rates that approximate the rates in effect at the dates when such items are recognized. An appreciating 
U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar will positively impact operating income and net earnings, while a 
depreciating U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar will have the opposite impact.  

Weston Foods and Loblaw are also exposed to fluctuations in the prices of U.S. dollar denominated purchases 
as a result of changes in U.S. dollar exchange rates. A depreciating Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar will 
negatively impact operating income and net earnings, while an appreciating Canadian dollar relative to the 
U.S. dollar will have the opposite impact. Weston Foods and Loblaw entered into derivative instruments in the 
form of futures contracts and forward contracts to manage their current and anticipated exposure to 
fluctuations in U.S. dollar exchange rates. 

Credit  The Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility that counterparties could default on 
their financial obligations to the Company including derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, short 
term investments, security deposits, PC Bank’s credit card receivables, Loblaw’s franchise loans receivable, 
pension assets held in the Company’s defined benefit plans, Loblaw’s accounts receivable including amounts due 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 51

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

from franchisees, government, prescription sales and third-party drug plans, independent accounts and amounts 
owed from vendors, and other receivables from Weston Foods’ customers and suppliers. Failure to manage 
credit risk could adversely affect the financial performance of the Company. 

The risk related to derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security 
deposits is reduced by policies and guidelines that require that the Company enters into transactions only with 
counterparties or issuers that have a minimum long term “A-” credit rating from a recognized credit rating 
agency and place minimum and maximum limits for exposures to specific counterparties and instruments. 

Choice Properties mitigates the risk of credit loss relating to rent receivables by evaluating the creditworthiness 
of new tenants, obtaining security deposits wherever permitted by legislation, ensuring its tenant mix is 
diversified and by limiting its exposure to any one tenant except Loblaw. Choice Properties establishes an 
allowance for doubtful accounts that represents the estimated losses with respect to rents receivable. The 
allowance is determined on a tenant-by-tenant basis based on the specific factors related to the tenant. 

PC Bank manages its credit card receivable risk by employing stringent credit scoring techniques, actively 
monitoring the credit card portfolio and reviewing techniques and technology that can improve the effectiveness 
of the collection process. In addition, these receivables are dispersed among a large, diversified group of credit 
card customers. 

Loblaw’s franchise loans receivable and Loblaw’s accounts receivable including amounts due from franchisees, 
governments, prescription sales covered by third-party drug plans, independent accounts and amounts owed 
from vendors, and other receivables from Weston Foods’ customers and suppliers, are actively monitored on an 
ongoing basis and settled on a frequent basis in accordance with the terms specified in the applicable 
agreements. 

Despite the mitigation strategies described above, it is possible that the Company’s financial performance could 
be negatively impacted by the failure of a counterparty to fulfill its obligations.

Common Share and Trust Unit Prices  Changes in the Loblaw common share price impact the Company’s net 
interest expense and other financing charges. In 2001, Weston Holdings Limited (“WHL”) entered into an equity 
forward sale agreement based on 9.6 million Loblaw common shares at an original forward price of $48.50 per 
Loblaw common share which, under the terms of the agreement, had increased to a forward price of $113.45 
(2016 – $109.26) per Loblaw common share as at year end 2017. The forward matures in 2031 and will be 
settled in cash as follows: WHL will receive the forward price and will pay the market value of the underlying 
Loblaw common shares at maturity. The obligation of WHL under this forward is secured by the underlying 
Loblaw common shares. WHL recognizes a non-cash charge or income, which is included in consolidated net 
interest expense and other financing charges, representing the fair value adjustment of WHL’s forward sale 
agreement for 9.6 million shares. The fair value adjustment in the forward contract is a non-cash item resulting 
from fluctuations in the market price of the underlying Loblaw shares that WHL owns. WHL does not record any 
change in the market price associated with the Loblaw common shares it owns. At maturity, if the forward price 
is greater (less) than the market price, WHL will receive (pay) cash equal to the difference between the notional 
value and the market value of the forward contract. Any cash paid under the forward contract could be offset by 
the sale of Loblaw common shares.

The Company is exposed to market price risk from Choice Properties’ Trust Units that are held by unitholders 
other than the Company. These Trust Units are presented as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance 
sheets as they are redeemable for cash at the option of the holders. The liability is recorded at fair value at each 
reporting period based on the market price of Trust Units. The change in the fair value of the liability negatively 
impacts net earnings when the Trust Unit price increases and positively impacts net earnings when the Trust Unit 
price declines. 

52 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Interest Rates  The Company is exposed to interest rate risk from fluctuations in interest rates on its floating rate 
debt and from the refinancing of existing financial instruments. The Company manages interest rate risk by 
monitoring the respective mix of fixed and floating rate debt and by taking action as necessary to maintain an 
appropriate balance considering current market conditions, with the objective of maintaining the majority of its 
debt at fixed interest rates. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

13. 
The Company’s majority shareholder is Mr. W. Galen Weston, who beneficially owns, directly and indirectly 
through private companies which he controls, including Wittington Investments, Limited (“Wittington”), a total 
of 80,773,740 of GWL’s common shares, representing approximately 63% (2016 – 63%) of GWL’s outstanding 
common shares.

The Company’s policy is to conduct all transactions and settle all balances with related parties on market terms 
and conditions. Transactions between the Company and its consolidated entities have been eliminated on 
consolidation and are not disclosed below.

In 2017, the Company made rental payments to Wittington in the amount of $4 million (2016 – $4 million). As at 
year end 2017 and 2016, there were no rental payments outstanding.

In 2017, inventory purchases from Associated British Foods plc, a related party by virtue of Mr. W. Galen Weston 
being a director of such entity’s parent company, amounted to $39 million (2016 – $40 million). As at year end 
2017, $6 million (2016 – $6 million) was included in trade payables and other liabilities relating to these 
inventory purchases.

Joint Venture  In 2014, a joint venture, formed between Choice Properties and Wittington, completed the 
acquisition of property from Loblaw. The joint venture intends to develop the acquired site into a mixed-used 
property, anchored by a Loblaw food store. As at year end 2017, the joint venture did not have any operating 
activity. Choice Properties uses the equity method of accounting to record its 40% interest in the joint venture, 
which is included in other assets.

Operating Lease Choice Properties entered into a ten-year lease for office space with Wittington that 
commenced in 2014. Lease payments will total $3 million over the term of the lease.

Post-Employment Benefit Plans  The Company sponsors a number of post-employment plans, which are related 
parties. Contributions made by the Company to these plans are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements.

Income Tax Matters  From time to time, the Company and Wittington may enter into agreements to make 
elections that are permitted or required under applicable income tax legislation with respect to affiliated 
corporations. 

Compensation of Key Management Personnel  The Company’s key management personnel is comprised of 
certain members of the executive team of GWL, Loblaw, Weston Foods and Wittington, as well as members of 
the Boards of GWL, Loblaw and Wittington to the extent that they have the authority and responsibility for 
planning, directing and controlling the day-to-day activities of the Company.

Annual compensation of key management personnel that is directly attributable to the Company was as follows:

($ millions)
Salaries, director fees and other short term employee benefits
Share-based compensation
Total compensation

2017
9
13
22

$

$

2016
11
13
24

$

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 53

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

14. 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and 
judgments in applying the Company’s accounting policies that affect the reported amounts and disclosures made 
in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

Within the context of this MD&A, a judgment is a decision made by management in respect of the application of 
an accounting policy, a recognized or unrecognized financial statement amount and/or note disclosure, following 
an analysis of relevant information that may include estimates and assumptions. Estimates and assumptions are 
used mainly in determining the measurement of balances recognized or disclosed in the consolidated financial 
statements and are based on a set of underlying data that may include management’s historical experience, 
knowledge of current events and conditions and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances. Management continually evaluates the estimates and judgments it uses.

The following are the accounting policies subject to judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty that 
the Company believes could have the most significant impact on the amounts recognized in the consolidated 
financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  The Company uses judgment in determining the 
entities that it controls and therefore consolidates. The Company controls an entity when the Company has the 
existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the activities that significantly affect the entity’s returns. 
The Company consolidates all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Judgment is applied in determining whether the 
Company controls the entities in which it does not have ownership rights or does not have full ownership rights. 
Most often, judgment involves reviewing contractual rights to determine if rights are participating (giving power 
over the entity) or protective rights (protecting the Company’s interest without giving it power).

Inventories
Key Sources of Estimation  Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value which requires the 
Company to utilize estimates related to fluctuations in shrink, future retail prices, the impact of vendor rebates 
on cost, seasonality and costs necessary to sell the inventory.

Impairment of non-financial assets (goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets and investment properties)
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  Management is required to use judgment in 
determining the grouping of assets to identify their cash generating units (“CGU”) for the purposes of testing 
fixed assets for impairment. Judgment is further required to determine appropriate groupings of CGUs for the 
level at which goodwill and intangible assets are tested for impairment. Loblaw has determined that each retail 
location is a separate CGU for purposes of fixed asset impairment testing. For the purpose of goodwill and 
indefinite life intangible assets impairment testing, CGUs are grouped at the lowest level at which goodwill and 
indefinite life intangible assets are monitored for internal management purposes. In addition, judgment is used 
to determine whether a triggering event has occurred requiring an impairment test to be completed.

Key Sources of Estimation  In determining the recoverable amount of a CGU or a group of CGUs, various 
estimates are employed. The Company determines fair value less costs to sell using such estimates as market 
rental rates for comparable properties, recoverable operating costs for leases with tenants, non-recoverable 
operating costs, discount rates, capitalization rates and terminal capitalization rates. The Company determines 
value in use by using estimates including projected future revenues, earnings and capital investment consistent 
with strategic plans presented to GWL’s and Loblaw’s Boards. Discount rates are consistent with external industry 
information reflecting the risk associated with the specific cash flows.

Impairment of Franchise loans receivable and certain other financial assets
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  Management reviews franchise loans receivable, 
trade receivables and certain other financial assets relating to Loblaw’s franchise business at each balance sheet 
date utilizing judgment to determine whether a triggering event has occurred requiring an impairment test to 
be completed.

54 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Key Sources of Estimation  Management determines the initial fair value of Loblaw’s franchise loans and certain 
other financial assets using discounted cash flow models. The process of determining these fair values requires 
management to make estimates of a long term nature regarding discount rates, projected revenues and margins, 
as applicable. These estimates are derived from past experience, actual operating results and budgets.

Customer Loyalty Awards Programs
Key Sources of Estimation  Loblaw defers revenue equal to the fair value of award points earned by loyalty 
program members at the time of award. Loblaw determines fair value using estimates such as retail value per 
point on redemption and breakage (the amount of points that will never be redeemed). Prior to the launch of 
the PC Optimum Program, the estimated fair value per point for the PC points and PC Plus programs was 
determined based on the program reward schedule and was $1 for every 1,000 points. For the Shoppers 
Optimum program, the estimated fair value per point was determine based on the expected weighted average 
redemption levels for future redemptions, including special redemption events.  Each program had its own 
breakage rate and the rates were reviewed on an ongoing basis and were estimated utilizing each program’s 
historical redemption activity and anticipated earn and redeem behaviour of members. As at year end 2017, as a 
result of Loblaw’s plan to create one loyalty program, PC Optimum, Loblaw revalued its existing loyalty award 
liabilities to account for a combined anticipated redemption rate.

Income and other taxes
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  The calculation of current and deferred income taxes 
requires management to make certain judgments regarding the tax rules in jurisdictions where the Company 
performs activities. Application of judgments is required regarding the classification of transactions and in 
assessing probable outcomes of claimed deductions including expectations about future operating results and 
the timing and reversal of temporary differences.

Provisions  
Judgments made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied and Key Sources of Estimation  The recording of 
provisions requires management to make certain judgments regarding whether there is a present legal or 
constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the 
obligation and if a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. The Company has recorded 
provisions primarily in respect of restructuring, environmental and decommissioning liabilities, onerous lease 
arrangements, legal claims and the Loblaw Card Program. The Company reviews the merits, risks and 
uncertainties of each provision, based on current information, and the amount expected to be required to settle 
the obligation. Provisions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted accordingly when new facts and 
events become known to the Company.  

15. 

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IMPLEMENTED 

Statement of Cash Flows  The Company implemented the amendments to International Accounting Standard 
(“IAS”) 7, “Statement of Cash Flows”, in the first quarter of 2017 and has provided disclosures on changes in 
liabilities arising from certain financing activities, including both cash and non-cash flows changes, in the notes 
to the consolidated financial statements.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 55

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

16. 

FUTURE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

The future accounting standards noted below will impact the Company’s business processes, internal controls 
over financial reporting, data systems, and IT, as well as financing and compensation arrangements. As a result, 
the Company has developed comprehensive project plans to guide the implementations. 

IFRS 15  In 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“IFRS 15”), replacing IAS 18, 
“Revenue”, IAS 11, “Construction Contracts”, and related interpretations. IFRS 15 provides a comprehensive 
framework for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue from contracts with customers, 
excluding contracts within the scope of the accounting standards on leases, insurance contracts and financial 
instruments. IFRS 15 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The Company 
intends to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018 by applying the requirements of the standard retrospectively 
with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained earnings on January 1, 2017 and 
with the restatement of the comparative periods. IFRS 15 permits the use of exemptions and practical 
expedients. The Company intends to apply the practical expedient which does not require restatement for 
contracts that began and were completed within the same annual reporting period before January 1, 2018 or are 
completed on January 1, 2017.

The Company has completed the assessment of significant agreements and contracts with customers and has 
determined the preliminary expected impacts of adoption of IFRS 15 on its consolidated financial statements. 

The implementation of IFRS 15 will impact the allocation of revenue that is deferred in relation to Loblaw’s 
customer loyalty award programs. Revenue is currently allocated to the customer loyalty awards using the 
residual fair value method. Under this method, a portion of the consideration equaling the fair value of the 
points is allocated to the loyalty awards and deferred until the points are ultimately redeemed. The residual 
consideration is allocated to the goods and services sold and recognized as revenue. Under IFRS 15, 
consideration will be allocated between the loyalty awards and the goods or services sold on which the awards 
were earned based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Using this relative fair value approach, the 
amount allocated to the loyalty points will be, on average, lower than the amounts allocated under the residual 
value method. As a result, the Company expects the adoption of the standard to result in a decrease in the 
amount recognized as deferred revenue in other liabilities, an increase in income taxes payable, and a 
corresponding increase in retained earnings of approximately $30 million, net of income taxes, as at 
January 1, 2017. 

The Company does not expect the implementation of IFRS 15 to otherwise have a significant impact on its 
Weston Foods segment or Loblaw’s Retail, Financial Services or Choice Properties segment revenue streams, 
including on its franchise arrangements with non-consolidated stores.

The Company continues to assess the impact of the disclosure requirements under IFRS 15 on the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 9  In 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”), replacing IAS 39, “Financial 
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”), and related interpretations. IFRS 9 includes revised 
guidance on the classification and measurement of financial assets, including impairment and a new general 
hedge accounting model. IFRS 9 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The 
Company intends to adopt the new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment and general 
hedging on January 1, 2018 by applying the requirements for classification and measurement, including 
impairment, retrospectively with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained 
earnings as at January 1, 2018, with no restatement of the comparative periods.

Classification and measurement  IFRS 9 contains a new classification and measurement approach for financial 
assets that reflects the business model in which assets are managed and their cash flow characteristics. IFRS 9 
largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. The Company will 
adopt the new classification requirements under IFRS 9 and it does not expect significant changes in 
measurement as a result of the new requirements.

56 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Impairment  IFRS 9 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in IAS 39 with a forward-looking ‘expected credit 
loss’ (“ECL”) model. Applying the ECL model will require considerable judgment, including consideration of how 
changes in economic factors affect ECLs, which will be determined on a probability-weighted basis. The new 
impairment model will apply to financial assets measured at amortized cost or those measured at fair value 
through other comprehensive income, except for investments in equity instruments, and to contract assets.

The Company’s ECL model will change the valuation of Loblaw’s Financial Services segment’s credit losses on 
credit card receivables. Loblaw, through PC Bank, currently assesses for impairment on credit card receivables 
using the incurred loss model when objective evidence indicates that there has been a deterioration of credit 
quality subsequent to the initial recognition of the receivable, and the loss can be reliably measured. The 
adoption of IFRS 9 will have a significant impact on Loblaw’s Financial Services segment’s impairment 
methodology. 

IFRS 9 outlines a three-stage approach to recognizing ECL which is intended to reflect the deterioration in credit 
quality of a financial instrument. Loblaw, through PC Bank, will apply the three-stage approach on assessing the 
impairment on credit card receivables.  

•  Stage 1 is comprised of all financial instruments that have not deteriorated significantly in credit quality since 
initial recognition or that have low credit risk at the reporting date. PC Bank will be required to recognize 
impairment for Stage 1 financial instruments based on the expected losses over the expected life of the 
instrument arising from loss events that could occur during the 12 months following the reporting date.  

•  Stage 2 is comprised of all financial instruments that have deteriorated significantly in credit quality since 
initial recognition but that do not have objective evidence of a credit loss event. For Stage 2 financial 
instruments the impairment is recognized based on the expected losses over the expected life of the 
instrument arising from loss events that could occur over the expected life. PC Bank is required to recognize 
a lifetime ECL for Stage 2 financial instruments.  

•  Stage 3 is comprised of all financial instruments that have objective evidence of impairment at the reporting 
date. PC Bank is required to recognize impairment based on a lifetime ECL for Stage 3 financial instruments.  

As a result of the change in valuation, the Company expects the adoption of IFRS 9 to result in a decrease in 
credit card receivables, increase in deferred income tax asset, with a corresponding decrease in retained 
earnings of up to approximately $90 million, net of income taxes, as at January 1, 2018. PC Bank continues to 
revise, refine and validate the impairment model and related process controls , and assess the impact on 
Loblaw’s consolidated financial statement.  

The Company does not expect the ECL impairment model applied under IFRS 9 to have a material impact on its 
other financial assets. 

General hedging  IFRS 9 will require the Company to ensure that hedge accounting relationships are aligned with 
the Company’s risk management objectives and strategy and to apply a more qualitative and forward-looking 
approach to assessing hedge effectiveness. The Company expects that the types of hedge accounting 
relationships that the Company currently designates will be capable of meeting the requirements of IFRS 9 once 
the Company completes certain planned changes to its internal documentation and monitoring processes to 
meet the requirements of IFRS 9.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 57

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

IFRS 16  In 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, “Leases” (“IFRS 16”), replacing IAS 17, “Leases” (“IAS 17”) and related 
interpretations. The standard introduces a single on-balance sheet recognition and measurement model for 
lessees, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessors continue to classify leases 
as finance and operating leases. IFRS 16 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2019. For leases where the Company is the lessee, it has the option of adopting a full retrospective 
approach or a modified retrospective approach on transition to IFRS 16. While early adoption is permitted if 
IFRS 15 has been adopted, the Company does not intend to early adopt IFRS 16.

The Company intends to adopt the standard on January 1, 2019 by applying the requirements of the standard 
retrospectively with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained earnings as at 
January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach with no restatement of the comparative period. 
IFRS 16 permits the use of exemptions and practical expedients. The Company intends to measure the 
cumulative effect of initial application by applying the use of hindsight in the determination of the lease term if 
the contract contains options to extend or terminate a lease. In addition, the Company also intends to apply the 
following exemptions and practical expedients.
• 

the application of IFRS 16 to only those contracts that were previously identified as leases under IAS 17 and 
IFRIC 4, Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease;
the exclusion of short term leases and leases for which the underlying asset is of low dollar value from the 
application of IFRS 16; and 
the application of a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.  

• 

• 

The Company has performed a preliminary assessment of the potential impacts of the adoption of IFRS 16 on the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements. The adoption of IFRS 16 will result in an increase in fixed assets, 
long term debt, and deferred income taxes, and a decrease in opening retained earnings as a result of the 
recognition of right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities. On an ongoing basis there will be a decrease in 
rent expense and an increase in depreciation and amortization and net interest expense and other financing 
charges. The Company expects to disclose quantitative financial impacts before the adoption of IFRS 16.

OUTLOOK(3)

17. 
Weston Foods’ three year strategic framework is focused on becoming a premier North American Bakery and 
delivering solid financial results. In 2018, Weston Foods will focus on key fundamental areas by growing the core 
business, selectively innovating in new segments and markets, and strengthening key processes in the 
organization.  

In 2018, on a full-year comparative basis, Weston Foods expects 
•  Sales will be essentially flat to 2017. Growth in volume is expected to be offset by product rationalization and 

negative impacts of foreign exchange;  

•  Adjusted EBITDA(1) will be essentially flat to 2017. Adjusted EBITDA(1) will include improvements from the 

transformation program and productivity, but will be offset by headwinds from higher input and distribution 
costs in an inflationary environment, minimum wage increases and foreign exchange. In the first half of 
2018, adjusted EBITDA(1) is expected to decline primarily due to costs related to the transformation program 
and inflation. Adjusted EBITDA(1) in the second half of 2018 is expected to improve driven by sales growth 
and realized benefits from the transformation program, partially offset by continued inflationary pressures; 
Investment in capital expenditures of approximately $230 million related to growth, regulatory and 
maintenance; and

• 

•  Depreciation will increase. 

58 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Loblaw is focused on its strategic framework, delivering best in food and health and beauty, using data driven 
insights underpinned by process and efficiency excellence. This framework is supported by Loblaw’s financial 
plan of maintaining a stable trading environment that targets positive same-store sales and stable gross margin, 
creating efficiencies to deliver operating leverage, investing for the future and returning capital to shareholders.

Headwinds from minimum wage increases and healthcare reform will negatively impact Loblaw’s financial 
performance in 2018. In addition to the previously announced incremental impact of minimum wage increases 
of approximately $190 million, Loblaw now expects that the announced healthcare reform will have an 
additional impact of approximately $250 million on operating income. This compares to the average impact of 
healthcare reform of approximately $70 million to $80 million per year over the past three years. 

In 2018, on a full-year comparative basis, normalized for the disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar business, Loblaw 
expects to: 
•  deliver positive same-store sales and stable gross margin in its Retail segment in a highly competitive market; 
•  deliver essentially flat adjusted net earnings growth with positive adjusted earnings per share growth based 

on our share buyback program; 
invest approximately $1.3 billion in capital expenditures, including $1.0 billion in its Retail segment; and 
return capital to shareholders by allocating a significant portion of free cash flow to share repurchases. 

• 
• 

For 2018, the Company expects adjusted net earnings to be essentially flat due to the results of Loblaw and 
Weston Foods, as described above.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES 

18. 
The Company uses the following non-GAAP financial measures: adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin, 
adjusted net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company, adjusted net earnings available to common 
shareholders of the Company, adjusted diluted net earnings per common share, adjusted return on average 
equity attributable to common shareholders of the Company, adjusted return on capital and free cash flow. In 
addition to these items, the following measures are used by management in calculating adjusted diluted net 
earnings per common share: adjusted operating income, adjusted net interest expense and other financing 
charges, adjusted income taxes and adjusted income tax rate. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial 
measures provide useful information to both management and investors in measuring the financial performance 
and financial condition of the Company for the reasons outlined below. 

Management uses these and other non-GAAP financial measures to exclude the impact of certain expenses and 
income that must be recognized under GAAP when analyzing consolidated and segment underlying operating 
performance. The excluded items are not necessarily reflective of the Company’s underlying operating 
performance and make comparisons of underlying financial performance between periods difficult. From time to 
time, the Company may exclude additional items if it believes doing so would result in a more effective analysis 
of underlying operating performance. The exclusion of certain items does not imply that they are non-recurring. 

These measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and therefore they may not be 
comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other publicly traded companies, and they should not be 
construed as an alternative to other financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 59

$

8 $

138 $

1 $

$

38 $

447 $

6 $

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Adjusted EBITDA  The Company believes adjusted EBITDA is useful in assessing and making decisions regarding 
the underlying operating performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and in assessing the Company’s 
ability to generate cash flows to fund its cash requirements, including its capital investment program.

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA to operating income, which is reconciled to GAAP net earnings 
attributable to shareholders of the Company reported for the periods ended as indicated. 

(unaudited)
($ millions)

Weston
Foods

Loblaw

Other

Consolidated

Weston 
Foods 

Loblaw

Other

Consolidated 

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

38

$

Net earnings attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Add impact of the following:
Non-controlling interests
Income taxes
Net interest expense and other

financing charges

Operating income
Add impact of the following:

Amortization of intangible assets acquired

with Shoppers Drug Mart

PC Optimum Program
Restructuring and other charges
Loblaw Card Program
Asset impairments, net of recoveries
Fair value adjustment of derivatives
Pension annuities and buy-outs
Certain prior period items
Prior year land transfer tax assessment

(recovery)

Wind-down of PC Financial banking services
Inventory losses, net of recoveries
Charges related to retail locations in
Fort McMurray, net of recoveries

Foreign currency translation(i)

Adjusting items
Adjusted operating income
Depreciation and amortization excluding the 

impact of the above adjustments(ii)

Adjusted EBITDA

$
$

$

121

211
165
107
53
(5)

(4)

(9)

(17)

33

(3)

(2)

(1)
622 $
(1) $
760 $ — $

28 $
36 $

92

139
83

177

491

124

—
9
—
130
(7)
21
—

—

—
5

(5)

(6)
271
762

28
(34)

115

147

121

211
198
107
53
(8)
—
(4)

(9)

(17)
(2)

—

(1)
649
796

$
$

$

124

7

2

130
(6)
21

(1)

5

(5)

(6)
266 $
(6) $
713 $ — $

11 $
49 $

25

251

61 $ 1,011 $ — $

276

1,072

24

241

73 $

954 $ — $

265

1,027

(i)  Represents the effect of foreign currency translation on a portion of the U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents and short 

term investments held by foreign operations. 

(ii)  Depreciation and amortization for the calculation of adjusted EBITDA excludes $121 million (2016 – $124 million) of amortization of 

intangible assets, acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $3 million) of accelerated 
depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

60 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

(unaudited)
($ millions)

Weston
Foods

Loblaw

Other

Consolidated

Weston 
Foods 

Loblaw

Other

Consolidated 

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Net earnings attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Add impact of the following:
Non-controlling interests
Income taxes
Net interest expense and other

financing charges

Operating income
Add impact of the following:

Amortization of intangible assets acquired 

with Shoppers Drug Mart

PC Optimum Program
Restructuring and other charges
Loblaw Card Program
Asset impairments, net of recoveries
Fair value adjustment of derivatives
Pension annuities and buy-outs
Certain prior period items
Prior year land transfer tax assessment

(recovery)

Wind-down of PC Financial banking services
Gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas

bar operations

Inventory losses, net of recoveries
Charges related to retail locations in
Fort McMurray, net of recoveries

Drug retail ancillary assets
Foreign currency translation(i)

Adjusting items
Adjusted operating income
Depreciation and amortization excluding the 

impact of the above adjustments(ii)

Adjusted EBITDA

$

$

759

815
443

523

$

91 $ 2,486 $

(37) $

2,540

$

173 $ 2,084 $

(2) $

3

524

211
165
107
53
20
12
(4)

(9)

(24)

(501)

48

14
2

(6)

34
554 $
37 $
149 $ 3,040 $ — $

58 $

$
$

107

1,044

$

256 $ 4,084 $ — $

524

211
213
107
56
34
14
(4)

(9)

(24)

(501)

(6)

—

—
34
649
3,189

1,151

4,340

535

17

46

(5)
3

11

135
5
23

10

2

(4)

2
752 $
2 $
199 $ 2,836 $ — $

26 $

$
$

97

1,008

$

296 $ 3,844 $ — $

550

540
465

700

2,255

535

—
63
—
135
—
26
—

10

—

—

11

2

(4)
2
780
3,035

1,105

4,140

(i)  Represents the effect of foreign currency translation on a portion of the U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents and short 

term investments held by foreign operations.

(ii)  Depreciation and amortization for the calculation of adjusted EBITDA excludes $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of 
intangible assets, acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million) of accelerated 
depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

The following items impacted operating income in 2017 and 2016:

Amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart  The acquisition of Shoppers Drug Mart 
in 2014 included approximately $6 billion of definite life intangible assets, which are being amortized over their 
estimated useful lives. Loblaw expects to recognize annual amortization associated with the acquired intangible 
assets of approximately $525 million until 2024, and decreasing thereafter. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 61

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

PC Optimum Program  In the fourth quarter of 2017, Loblaw announced plans to bring together the Shoppers 
Optimum and PC Plus reward programs to create one program, PC Optimum. As a result, Loblaw recorded a 
charge of $189 million, related to the revaluation of the existing liability for outstanding points to reflect a higher 
anticipated redemption rate under the new program, and $22 million, related to the impairment of certain IT 
assets that support the existing loyalty programs in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Restructuring and other charges  The Company continuously evaluates strategic and cost reduction initiatives 
related to its store infrastructure, manufacturing assets, distribution networks and administrative infrastructure 
with the objective of ensuring a low cost operating structure. Restructuring activities related to these initiatives 
are ongoing. For details on the restructuring and other charges incurred by each of the Company’s operating 
segments see Section 6.1, “Weston Foods Operating Results” and Section 6.2, “Loblaw Operating Results” of this 
MD&A. 

Loblaw Card Program  In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company and Loblaw acknowledged their involvement 
in an industry wide price-fixing arrangement. In connection with the arrangement, Loblaw is offering customers 
a $25 Loblaw Card, which can be used to purchase items sold in Loblaw grocery stores across Canada. Loblaw 
has recorded a charge of $107 million associated with the Loblaw Card Program.

Asset impairments, net of recoveries  At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses and, when required, 
records impairments and recoveries of previous impairments related to the carrying value of its fixed assets, 
investment properties and intangible assets. 

Fair value adjustment of derivatives  The Company is exposed to commodity price and U.S. dollar exchange 
rate fluctuations primarily as a result of purchases of certain raw materials, fuels and utilities. In accordance 
with the Company’s commodity risk management policy, the Company enters into commodity and foreign 
currency derivatives to reduce the impact of price fluctuations in forecasted raw material and fuel purchases 
over a specified period of time. These derivatives are not acquired for trading or speculative purposes. Pursuant 
to the Company’s derivative instruments accounting policy, certain changes in fair value, which include realized 
and unrealized gains and losses related to future purchases of raw materials and fuel, are recorded in 
operating income. Despite the impact of accounting for these commodity and foreign currency derivatives on the 
Company’s reported results, the derivatives have the economic impact of largely mitigating the associated risks 
arising from price and exchange rate fluctuations in the underlying commodities and U.S. dollar commitments. 

Pension annuities and buy-outs  The Company is undertaking annuity purchases and pension buy-outs in respect 
of former employees designed to reduce its defined benefit pension plan obligation and decrease future pension 
volatility and risks.

Certain prior period items  In the fourth quarter of 2017, Management identified excess impairment that was 
recorded against Loblaw’s Franchise Loans Receivable balance on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded 
a gain to correct this prior period error. Management determined that the impact of this item on the Company’s 
previously issued annual and interim financial statements and the current period financial statements was not 
material. This gain was partially offset by certain charges associated with a prior period regulatory matter 
recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Prior year land transfer tax assessment (recovery) In the fourth quarter of 2017, Loblaw recorded a recovery of 
$9 million in SG&A in the Retail segment related to a partial recovery of a prior year land transfer tax 
assessment.

Wind-down of PC Financial banking services  In the third quarter of 2017, PC Bank entered into an agreement to 
end its business relationship with a major Canadian chartered bank which represented the personal banking 
services offered under the President's Choice Financial brand. As a result of this agreement, PC Bank will receive 
payments of approximately $43 million, net of related costs, which will be recognized between the third quarter 
of 2017 and the second quarter of 2018. 

62 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations  On July 17, 2017, Loblaw sold its gas bar operations, for 
proceeds of approximately $540 million. Loblaw has recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of $501 million (post-tax gain 
of $432 million), net of related costs, in the third quarter of 2017.

Inventory losses, net of recoveries  In 2016, Weston Foods’ damaged inventory of $11 million (U.S. $9 million) 
was written-off and was recorded in SG&A in the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings. In 2017, the 
Company received partial proceeds from the insurance claim. The insurance claim remains in progress and 
further proceeds are expected to be recorded as the claim progresses.  

Charges related to retail locations in Fort McMurray, net of recoveries  In the second quarter of 2016, 10 retail 
locations in Fort McMurray were impacted by the wildfire that caused the evacuation of the city. Loblaw 
recognized charges related to the inventory losses, site clean-up and other restoration costs. As at the end of 
2016, Loblaw received partial proceeds of $10 million from the insurance claim. 

Drug retail ancillary assets  In the second quarter of 2016, Loblaw ceased actively marketing the remaining 
assets in certain drug retail ancillary operations that were previously marketed for sale. As a result, Loblaw 
recorded a charge of $4 million related to inventory impairment and reversed $8 million of previous asset 
impairments and other related restructuring charges. 

Foreign currency translation  The Company’s consolidated financial statements are expressed in Canadian 
dollars. A portion of the Company’s (excluding Loblaw’s) net assets are denominated in U.S. dollars and as a 
result, the Company is exposed to foreign currency translation gains and losses. The impact of foreign currency 
translation on a portion of the U.S. dollar denominated net assets, primarily cash and cash equivalents and 
short term investments held by foreign operations, is recorded in SG&A and the associated tax, if any, is 
recorded in income taxes. In the fourth quarter of 2017, a foreign currency translation gain of $1 million (2016 – 
$6 million) was recorded in SG&A as a result of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar.  
Year-to-date, a foreign currency translation loss of $34 million (2016 – $2 million) was recorded in SG&A as a 
result of the depreciation (2016 – depreciation) of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar.

Adjusted Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges  The Company believes adjusted net interest 
expense and other financing charges is useful in assessing the ongoing net financing costs of the Company. 

The following table reconciles adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges to GAAP net interest 
expense and other financing charges reported for the periods ended as indicated. 

(unaudited)
($ millions)

Net interest expense and other financing charges
Add:

Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability
Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for

9.6 million Loblaw common shares

Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges

$

Quarters Ended

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
115
$
8

Dec. 31, 2016
177
$
1

Dec. 31, 2017
523
$
7

Dec. 31, 2016
700
$
(79)

10

133

$

(43)

135

$

25

555

$

(53)

568

In addition to certain items described in the “Adjusted EBITDA” section above, the following items impacted net 
interest expense and other financing charges in 2017 and 2016: 

Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability  The Company is exposed to market price fluctuations as a result 
of the Choice Properties Trust Units held by unitholders other than the Company. These Trust Units are 
presented as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as they are redeemable for cash at the 
option of the holder, subject to certain restrictions. This liability is recorded at fair value at each reporting 
date based on the market price of Trust Units at the end of each period. An increase (decrease) in the market 
price of Trust Units results in a charge (income) to net interest expense and other financing charges.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 63

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million Loblaw common shares  The fair value 
adjustment of the forward sale agreement for 9.6 million Loblaw common shares is non-cash and is included in 
net interest expense and other financing charges. The adjustment is determined by changes in the value of 
the underlying Loblaw common shares. An increase (decrease) in the market price of Loblaw common shares 
results in a charge (income) to net interest expense and other financing charges. 

Adjusted Income Taxes and Adjusted Income Tax Rate  The Company believes the adjusted income tax rate 
applicable to adjusted earnings before taxes is useful in assessing the underlying operating performance of its 
business. 

The following table reconciles the effective income tax rate applicable to adjusted earnings before taxes to the 
GAAP effective income tax rate applicable to earnings before taxes as reported for the periods ended as 
indicated. 

(unaudited)
($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Adjusted operating income(i)
Adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges(i)
Adjusted earnings before taxes
Income taxes
Add:

Tax impact of items excluded from adjusted earnings 

before taxes(ii)

Remeasurement of deferred tax balances
Statutory corporate income tax rate change

Adjusted income taxes
Effective income tax rate applicable to earnings before taxes

Adjusted income tax rate applicable to adjusted earnings

before taxes

Quarters Ended

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
796
$

Dec. 31, 2016
762
$

Dec. 31, 2017
3,189
$

Dec. 31, 2016
3,035
$

$
$

$

$
$

$

133

663
(34)

177

19
19
181
(106.3)%

27.3 %

$
$

$

135

627
83

89

172
26.4%

27.4%

$
$

$

555

2,634
443

232

19
19
713
22.0%

27.1%

568

2,467
465

216

(3)
678
29.9%

27.5%

See reconciliations of adjusted operating income and adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges above. 

(i) 
(ii)  See the adjusted EBITDA table and the adjusted net interest expense and other financing charges table above for a complete list of 

items excluded from adjusted earnings before taxes. 

In addition to certain items described in the “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Adjusted Net Interest Expense and Other 
Financing Charges” sections above, the following item impacted income taxes and the effective income tax rate 
in 2017 and 2016: 

Remeasurement of deferred tax balances  In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a deferred tax 
recovery of $19 million resulting from a change in the applicable provincial income tax rate used to measure 
certain deferred tax balances caused by a change in the location of certain business activities.

Statutory corporate income tax rate change  The Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are 
impacted by changes to provincial and federal statutory corporate income tax rates resulting in a charge or 
benefit to earnings. The Company implements changes in the statutory corporate income tax rate in the same 
period the change is substantively enacted by the legislative body.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the U.S. government enacted a 14.0% decrease in the U.S. federal statutory 
corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. As a result, Weston Foods recorded a recovery of $19 million in 
2017 related to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities. 

In the first quarter of 2016, the Government of New Brunswick announced a 2.0% increase in the provincial 
statutory corporate income tax rate from 12.0% to 14.0%. Loblaw recorded a charge of $3 million in 2016 related 
to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities.  

64 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Adjusted Net Earnings Available to Common Shareholders and Adjusted Diluted Net Earnings per Common 
Share  The Company believes adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders and adjusted diluted net 
earnings per common share are useful in assessing the Company’s underlying operating performance and in 
making decisions regarding the ongoing operations of its business. 

The following table reconciles net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company to net earnings available 
to common shareholders of the Company and then to adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders 
of the Company reported for the periods ended as indicated.

(unaudited)
($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company

Less: Prescribed dividends on preferred shares in share capital

Net earnings available to common shareholders

of the Company

Reduction in net earnings due to dilution at Loblaw

Net earnings available to common shareholders for diluted 

earnings per share 

Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company

Adjusting items (refer to the following table)

Adjusted net earnings attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Less: Prescribed dividends on preferred shares in share capital

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders

of the Company

Reduction in net earnings due to dilution at Loblaw

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders for

diluted earnings per share

Quarters Ended

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
38
$

Dec. 31, 2016
92
$

Dec. 31, 2017
759
$

Dec. 31, 2016
550
$

(10)

28

28

38

200

238

(10)

228

228

$

$

$

$

$

$

(10)

82

82

92

122

214

(10)

204

204

$

$

$

$

$

$

(44)

(44)

715

6

709

759

189

948

(44)

904

6

898

$

$

$

$

$

$

506

5

501

550

332

882

(44)

838

5

833

$

$

$

$

$

$

Weighted average common shares outstanding (millions)(i)

128.3

128.2

128.3

128.3

(i) 

Includes impact of dilutive instruments for purposes of calculating adjusted diluted net earnings per common share.  

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 65

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following table reconciles adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company and 
adjusted diluted net earnings per common share to GAAP net earnings available to common shareholders of the 
Company and diluted net earnings per common share as reported for the periods ended as indicated. 

Quarters Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Net Earnings 
Available to 
Common 
Shareholders of 
the Company
($ millions)

Diluted
Net
Earnings
Per
Common
Share

Net Earnings 
Available to 
Common 
Shareholders of 
the Company
($ millions)

Diluted
Net
Earnings
Per
Common
Share

$

28

$

0.22

$

82

$

0.64

44

75
82
39
19
(5)

(6)
(3)
(7)
(1)

(7)

(2)
(10)
(19)
1
200

228

$

$

$

$

0.35

0.58
0.64
0.30
0.15
(0.04)

(0.05)
(0.02)
(0.05)
(0.01)

(0.05)

(0.02)
(0.08)
(0.15)
0.01
1.56

1.78

41

4

44
(3)
7

2

(1)

32

1

(5)
122

204

$

$

$

$

0.33

0.03

0.34
(0.02)
0.05

0.02

(0.01)

0.24

0.01

(0.04)
0.95

1.59

(unaudited)
($ except where otherwise indicated)

As reported
Add (deduct) impact of the following(i):

Amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers

Drug Mart

PC Optimum Program
Restructuring and other charges
Loblaw Card Program
Asset impairments, net of recoveries
Fair value adjustment of derivatives
Pension annuities and buy-outs
Certain prior period items
Prior year land transfer tax assessment (recovery)
Wind-down of PC Financial banking services
Inventory losses, net of recoveries
Charges related to retail locations in Fort McMurray, net

of recoveries

Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for

9.6 million Loblaw common shares

Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability
Remeasurement of deferred tax balances
Statutory corporate income tax rate change
Foreign currency translation

Adjusting items

Adjusted

(i)  Net of income taxes and non-controlling interests, as applicable. 

66 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

(unaudited)
($ except where otherwise indicated)

As reported
Add (deduct) impact of the following(i):

Amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers

Drug Mart

PC Optimum Program
Restructuring and other charges
Loblaw Card Program
Asset impairments, net of recoveries
Fair value adjustment of derivatives
Pension annuities and buy-outs
Certain prior period items
Prior year land transfer tax assessment (recovery)
Wind-down of PC Financial banking services
Gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations
Inventory losses, net of recoveries
Charges related to retail locations in Fort McMurray, net

of recoveries

Drug retail ancillary assets
Fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement for

9.6 million Loblaw common shares

Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability
Statutory corporate income tax rate change
Remeasurement of deferred tax balances
Foreign currency translation

Adjusting items

Adjusted

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Net Earnings 
Available to 
Common 
Shareholders of 
the Company
($ millions)

Diluted
Net
Earnings
Per
Common
Share

Net Earnings 
Available to 
Common 
Shareholders of 
the Company
($ millions)

Diluted
Net
Earnings
Per
Common
Share

$

715

$

5.53

$

506

$

3.90

184

75
93
39
22
17
5
(6)
(3)
(9)
(207)
(3)

(18)

(2)
(19)
(10)
31
189

904

$

$

$

$

1.43

0.58
0.73
0.30
0.17
0.13
0.04
(0.05)
(0.02)
(0.07)
(1.61)
(0.02)

(0.14)

(0.02)
(0.15)
(0.08)
0.25
1.47

7.00

182

28

46
(1)
10

3

6

1

(1)

39

16
1

2
332

838

$

$

$

$

1.42

0.22

0.35
(0.01)
0.08

0.02

0.05

0.01

(0.01)

0.31

0.12
0.01

0.02
2.59

6.49

(i)  Net of income taxes and non-controlling interests, as applicable. 

Free Cash Flow  The Company believes free cash flow is useful in assessing the Company’s cash available for 
additional financing and investing activities.

The following table reconciles free cash flow to GAAP measures reported for the periods ended as indicated. 

(unaudited)
($ millions)

Cash flows from operating activities

Less:

Interest paid
Fixed asset purchases
Intangible asset additions

Free cash flow

Quarters Ended

Years Ended

Dec. 31, 2017
1,213

$

Dec. 31, 2016
976

$

Dec. 31, 2017
3,425

$

Dec. 31, 2016
3,760

$

104
486
89

534

$

103
452
116

305

$

556
1,177
297

1,395

$

570
1,129
336

1,725

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 67

 Management’s Discussion and Analysis

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

19. 
Additional information about the Company, including its 2017 AIF and other disclosure documents, has been 
filed electronically with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities through the System for Electronic 
Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) and is available online at www.sedar.com.

This Annual Report includes selected information on Loblaw, a public company with shares trading on the TSX. 
For information regarding Loblaw, readers should also refer to the materials filed by Loblaw with SEDAR from 
time to time. These filings are also available on Loblaw’s website at www.loblaw.ca.

Toronto, Canada

March 1, 2018 

68 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

  Financial Results

Management’s Statement of Responsibility for Financial Reporting
Independent Auditors’ Report
Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment Properties
Intangible Assets

Nature and Description of the Reporting Entity
Significant Accounting Policies
Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments
Future Accounting Standards
Business Acquisitions
Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges
Income Taxes
Basic and Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short Term Investments and Security Deposits

Note 1.
Note 2.
Note 3.
Note 4.
Note 5.
Note 6.
Note 7.
Note 8.
Note 9.
Note 10. Accounts Receivable
Note 11. Credit Card Receivables
Note 12.
Inventories
Note 13. Assets Held for Sale and Disposition
Note 14. Fixed Assets
Note 15.
Note 16.
Note 17. Goodwill
Note 18. Other Assets
Note 19. Customer Loyalty Awards Program Liability 
Note 20. Provisions
Note 21. Short Term Debt
Long Term Debt
Note 22.
Note 23. Other Liabilities
Note 24. Share Capital
Note 25.
Note 26. Capital Management
Note 27. Post-Employment and Other Long Term Employee Benefits
Note 28. Share-Based Compensation
Note 29. Employee Costs
Note 30.
Leases
Note 31. Financial Instruments
Note 32. Financial Risk Management
Note 33. Contingent Liabilities
Note 34. Financial Guarantees
Note 35. Related Party Transactions
Note 36. Segment Information
Note 37. Subsequent Events
Three Year Summary
Glossary

Loblaw Capital Transactions

70
71
72
72
72
73
74
75
76
76
76
88
90
93
94
95
97
97
98
98
99
100
100
102
104
106
107
107
108
109
110
113
114
117
117
119
126
129
130
132
134
137
139
140
141
143
144
146

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 69

 Management’s Statement of Responsibility for Financial Reporting

The management of George Weston Limited is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the 
accompanying consolidated financial statements, Management’s Discussion and Analysis and all other 
information in the Annual Report. This responsibility includes the selection and consistent application of 
appropriate accounting principles and methods in addition to making the judgments and estimates necessary to 
prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as 
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. It also includes ensuring that the financial information 
presented elsewhere in the Annual Report is consistent with that in the consolidated financial statements.

Management is also responsible for providing reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that 
relevant and reliable financial information is produced. Management is required to design a system of internal 
controls and certify as to the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. A 
dedicated control compliance team reviews and evaluates internal controls, the results of which are shared with 
management on a quarterly basis.

KPMG LLP, whose report follows, were appointed as independent auditors by a vote of the Company’s 
shareholders to audit the consolidated financial statements.

The Board of Directors, acting through an Audit Committee comprised solely of directors who are independent, 
is responsible for determining that management fulfills its responsibilities in the preparation of the consolidated 
financial statements and the financial control of operations. The Audit Committee recommends the independent 
auditors for appointment by the shareholders. The Audit Committee meets regularly with senior and financial 
management, internal auditors and the independent auditors to discuss internal controls, auditing activities and 
financial reporting matters. The independent auditors and internal auditors have unrestricted access to the Audit 
Committee. These consolidated financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis have been 
approved by the Board of Directors for inclusion in the Annual Report based on the review and recommendation 
of the Audit Committee.

[signed]  
Galen G. Weston  
Chairman and 
Chief Executive Officer 

March 1, 2018 
Toronto, Canada

[signed]

Richard Dufresne
President and 
Chief Financial Officer

70 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 Independent Auditors’ Report

To the Shareholders of George Weston Limited:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of George Weston Limited, which 
comprise the consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the consolidated 
statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and 
notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management 
determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We 
conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards 
require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the 
consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment 
of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In 
making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair 
presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate 
in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s 
internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the 
reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation 
of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated 
financial position of George Weston Limited as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and its 
consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards.

Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants

March 1, 2018
Toronto, Canada

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 71

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

For the years ended December 31
(millions of Canadian dollars except where otherwise indicated)
Revenue
Operating Expenses

Cost of inventories sold (note 12)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (note 31)

Operating Income
Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges (note 6)
Earnings Before Income Taxes
Income Tax (note 7)
Net Earnings
Attributable to:

Shareholders of the Company
Non-Controlling Interests

Net Earnings
Net Earnings per Common Share ($) (note 8)

Basic
Diluted

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31
(millions of Canadian dollars)
Net earnings
Other comprehensive (loss) income

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

Foreign currency translation adjustment (note 31)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges (note 31)

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:

Net defined benefit plan actuarial (losses) gains (note 27)

Other comprehensive income
Comprehensive Income
Attributable to:

Shareholders of the Company
Non-Controlling Interests

Comprehensive Income

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

72 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

2017
48,292

$

2016
47,999

$

33,836
11,916
45,752
2,540
523
2,017
443
1,574

759
815
1,574

5.60
5.53

$

$
$

34,108
11,636
45,744
2,255
700
1,555
465
1,090

550
540
1,090

3.96
3.90

2017
1,574

$

2016
1,090

(64)
2

(20)
(82)
1,492

685
807
1,492

$

(20)
(1)

28
7
1,097

534
563
1,097

$

$
$

$

$

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As at December 31
(millions of Canadian dollars)
ASSETS
Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents (note 9)
Short term investments (note 9)
Accounts receivable (note 10)
Credit card receivables (note 11)
Inventories (note 12)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Assets held for sale (note 13)

Total Current Assets
Fixed Assets (note 14)
Investment Properties (note 15)
Intangible Assets (note 16)
Goodwill (note 17)
Deferred Income Taxes (note 7)
Security Deposits (note 9)
Franchise Loans Receivable (note 31)
Other Assets (note 18)
Total Assets
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities

Bank indebtedness (note 34)
Trade payables and other liabilities
Provisions (note 20)
Income taxes payable
Short term debt (note 21)
Long term debt due within one year (note 22)
Associate interest
Total Current Liabilities
Provisions (note 20)
Long Term Debt (note 22)
Trust Unit Liability (note 31)
Deferred Income Taxes (note 7)
Other Liabilities (note 23)
Total Liabilities
EQUITY
Share Capital (note 24)
Retained Earnings
Contributed Surplus (notes 25 & 28)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Total Equity Attributable to Shareholders of the Company
Non-Controlling Interests
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity

2017

2016

$

$

$

$

2,034
1,113
1,324
3,100
4,623
236
33
12,463
11,689
235
8,368
4,377
247
86
166
868
38,499

110
5,864
325
137
1,258
1,635
263
9,592
190
10,457
634
2,151
762
23,786

1,038
7,148
(432)
140
7,894
6,819
14,713
38,499

$

$

$

$

1,560
1,011
1,284
2,926
4,559
201
40
11,581
11,534
218
8,875
4,364
201
89
233
851
37,946

115
5,356
135
341
1,241
400
243
7,831
146
11,385
635
2,370
789
23,156

1,012
6,704
(156)
204
7,764
7,026
14,790
37,946

Leases (note 30). Contingent liabilities (note 33). Financial guarantees (note 34). Subsequent Events (note 37).
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Approved on behalf of the Board

       [signed] 
Galen G. Weston 
Chairman and 
Chief Executive Officer

[signed]

Barbara G. Stymiest
Director

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2016
Net earnings
Other comprehensive 
income (loss)(i)
Comprehensive income (loss)
Effect of share-based 
compensation (notes 24 & 28)
Shares purchased and 
cancelled (note 24)
Net effect of shares held in 
trusts (notes 24 & 28)
Loblaw capital transactions 
and dividends (notes 25 & 28)
Dividends declared
Per common share ($) 

–   $1.805

Per preferred share ($)
–   Series I     –  $1.45
–   Series III  –  $1.30
–   Series IV  –  $1.30
–   Series V   –  $1.1875

Balance as at Dec. 31, 2015
Net earnings
Other comprehensive  
income(i)
Comprehensive income
Effect of share-based 
compensation (notes 24 & 28)
Shares purchased and 
cancelled (note 24)
Net effect of shares held in 
trusts (notes 24 & 28)
Loblaw capital 
transactions and dividends 
(notes 25 & 28)
Dividends declared
Per common share ($)

–   $1.745

Per preferred share ($)
–   Series I     –  $1.45
–   Series III  –  $1.30
–   Series IV  –  $1.30
–   Series V   –  $1.1875

 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(millions of Canadian dollars except     
     where otherwise indicated)

Common
Shares

Preferred
Shares

Total
Share
Capital

Retained 
  Earnings(i)

Contributed 
Surplus(i)

Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment

Cash
Flow
Hedges

Total
Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income

Non-
Controlling
Interests

Total
Equity

$

195 $

817 $ 1,012 $ 6,704 $

(156) $

204

$

204 $ 7,026 $ 14,790
1,574
815

—

26

—

—

26

759

(10)

749

(1)

(31)

2

(232)

(14)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(305)

(65)

(65)

1

1

(64)

(64)

—

(1)

(8)

807

(4)

(82)

1,492

20

(31)

2

(275)

(1,010)

(1,285)

(232)

(14)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(1,569)
140 $ 6,819 $ 14,713

— (1,014)

(276)
(432) $

—
139 $

—
1 $

Balance as at Dec. 31, 2017

$

26
221 $

—

26

817 $ 1,038 $ 7,148 $

(i)  Other comprehensive loss includes actuarial losses of $20 million, $10 million of which is presented above in retained earnings 

and $10 million in non-controlling interests. Also included in non-controlling interests is a foreign currency translation gain of 
$1 million and an unrealized gain on cash flow hedges of $1 million.

(millions of Canadian dollars except
     where otherwise indicated)

Common
Shares

Preferred
Shares

Total
Share
Capital

Retained 
Earnings(i)

Contributed 
Surplus(i)

Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustment

Cash
Flow
Hedges

Total
Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income

Non-
Controlling
Interests

Total
 Equity

$

191 $

817 $ 1,008 $ 6,422 $

20 $

230 $

1 $

231 $ 7,209 $ 14,890
1,090
540

—

4

—

—

4

550

11

561

(1)

(8)

(4)

(223)

(13)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(279)

—

4
817 $ 1,012 $ 6,704 $

(26)

(26)

(1)

(1)

(27)

(27)

—

15

23

563

8

7

1,097

26

(8)

(4)

(191)

(754)

(945)

(223)

(13)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(746)
(1,197)
204 $ 7,026 $ 14,790

—

(176)
(156) $

—

—

204 $ — $

Balance as at Dec. 31, 2016

$

4
195 $

(i)  Other comprehensive income includes actuarial gains of $28 million, $11 million of which is presented above in retained earnings 
and $17 million in non-controlling interests. Also included in non-controlling interests is a foreign currency translation gain of 
$6 million.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

74 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 
 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31
(millions of Canadian dollars)

Operating Activities

Net earnings
Add:

Net interest expense and other financing charges (note 6)
Income taxes (note 7)
Depreciation and amortization
Gain on disposition of Loblaw’s gas bar operations (note 13)
Asset impairments, net of recoveries
Foreign currency translation loss (note 31)
Change in provisions (note 20)
PC Optimum Program (note 19)

Change in credit card receivables (note 11)
Change in non-cash working capital
Income taxes paid
Interest received
Other

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Investing Activities

Fixed asset purchases
Intangible asset additions (note 16)
Acquisition of QHR, net of cash acquired (note 5)
Cash assumed on initial consolidation of franchises (note 5)
Change in short term investments
Proceeds from sale of Loblaw’s gas bar operations (note 13)
Other

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities
Financing Activities

Change in bank indebtedness
Change in short term debt (note 21)
Interest paid
Long term debt – Issued (note 22)
                             – Retired (note 22)
Share capital – Issued (notes 24 & 28)

  – Purchased and held in trusts (note 24)
  – Purchased and cancelled (note 24)

Loblaw common share capital – Issued (notes 25 & 28)

 – Purchased and held in trusts (note 25)
 – Purchased and cancelled (note 25)

Dividends – To common shareholders
   – To preferred shareholders
   – To minority shareholders

Other

Cash Flows used in Financing Activities
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period

$

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

2017

2016

$

1,574

$

1,090

523
443
1,685
(501)
109
34
238
189
4,294
(174)
147
(892)
23
27
3,425

(1,177)
(297)

26
(135)
540
(32)
(1,075)

(5)
17
(556)
686
(450)
22
(7)
(31)
41
(48)
(1,091)
(229)
(44)
(175)
5
(1,865)
(11)
474
1,560
2,034

$

700
465
1,654

142
2
(52)

4,001
(136)
160
(345)
15
65
3,760

(1,129)
(336)
(153)
42
160

92
(1,324)

(28)
155
(570)
815
(1,399)
4
(11)
(8)
42
(90)
(708)
(221)
(44)
(232)
20
(2,275)
(14)
147
1,413
1,560

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 75

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1.  Nature and Description of the Reporting Entity

George Weston Limited (“GWL” or the “Company”) is a Canadian public company incorporated in 1928, with its 
registered office located at 22 St. Clair Avenue East, Toronto, Canada M4T 2S7. The Company’s parent is 
Wittington Investments, Limited (“Wittington”).

The Company has two reportable operating segments, Loblaw Companies Limited (“Loblaw”) and Weston Foods. 
The Company also holds cash, short term investments and an interest in Choice Properties Real Estate 
Investment Trust (“Choice Properties”) of 6.1% (2016 – 5.8%). Loblaw has three reportable operating segments: 
Retail, Financial Services and Choice Properties. Loblaw provides Canadians with grocery, pharmacy, health and 
beauty, apparel, general merchandise, credit card services, insurance brokerage services, gift cards and 
telecommunication services. Loblaw also holds an 82.4% (2016 – 82.7%) effective interest in Choice Properties, 
which owns, manages and develops well-located retail and other commercial real estate across Canada. The 
Weston Foods operating segment includes a leading fresh bakery business in Canada and frozen, artisan bakery 
and biscuit businesses throughout North America. 

As at year end 2017, GWL’s ownership interest in Loblaw was approximately 48.6% (2016 – 47.0%). The Company 
has the ability to direct the activities of Loblaw and consequently consolidates Loblaw. 

Note 2.  Significant Accounting Policies 

Statement of Compliance  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS” or “GAAP”) as issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (“IASB”) and using the accounting policies described herein.

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors 
(“Board”) on March 1, 2018.

Basis of Preparation  The consolidated financial statements were prepared on a historical cost basis except for 
the following items that were measured at fair value: 
•  defined benefit pension plan assets with the obligations related to these pension plans measured at their 

discounted present value as described in note 27;

•  amounts recognized for cash-settled share-based compensation arrangements as described in note 28; and
• 

certain financial instruments as described in note 31.

The significant accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently in the preparation of the 
consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars.

Fiscal Year  The Company’s year end is December 31. Activities are reported on a fiscal year ending on the 
Saturday closest to December 31. 

As a result, the Company’s fiscal year is usually 52 weeks in duration but includes a 53rd week every five 
to six years. Each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 contained 52 weeks. The 
next 53-week year will occur in fiscal year 2020. 

Basis of Consolidation  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GWL and other entities 
that the Company controls. Control exists when the Company has the existing rights that give it the current 
ability to direct the activities that significantly affect the entities’ returns. The Company assesses control on an 
ongoing basis. The Company’s interest in the voting share capital of its subsidiaries is 100% except for Loblaw, 
which is approximately 48.6% (2016 – 47.0%). GWL’s ownership in Loblaw is impacted by changes in Loblaw’s 
common share equity. 

76 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Structured entities are entities controlled by the Company which were designed so that voting or similar rights 
are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity. Structured entities are consolidated if, based on 
an evaluation of the substance of its relationship with the Company, the Company concludes that it controls the 
structured entity. Structured entities controlled by the Company were established under terms that impose strict 
limitations on the decision-making powers of the structured entities’ management and that results in the 
Company receiving the majority of the benefits related to the structured entities’ operations and net assets, 
being exposed to the majority of risks incident to the structured entities’ activities, and retaining the majority of 
the residual or ownership risks related to the structured entities or their assets.

Transactions and balances between the Company and its consolidated entities have been eliminated on 
consolidation.

Non-controlling interests are recorded in the consolidated financial statements and represent the                              
non-controlling shareholders’ portion of the net assets and net earnings of Loblaw. Transactions with                          
non-controlling interests are treated as transactions with equity owners of the Company. Changes in GWL’s 
ownership interest in its subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions.

Choice Properties’ Trust Units held by non-controlling interests are presented as a liability as the Trust Units are 
redeemable for cash at the option of the holder, subject to certain restrictions. 

Loblaw consolidates the Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation (“Shoppers Drug Mart”) licensees (“Associates”) as 
well as the franchisees of its food retail stores that are subject to a new, simplified franchise agreement 
(“Franchise Agreement”). An Associate is a pharmacist-owner of a corporation that is licensed to operate a retail 
drug store at a specific location using Shoppers Drug Mart’s trademarks. The consolidation of the Associates and 
the new franchisees is based on the concept of control, for accounting purposes, which was determined to exist, 
through agreements that govern the relationships between Loblaw and the Associates and franchisees. Loblaw 
does not have any direct or indirect shareholdings in the corporations that operate the Associates. Associate 
interest reflects the investment the Associates have in the net assets of their businesses. Under the terms of the 
Associate Agreements, Shoppers Drug Mart agrees to purchase the assets that the Associates use in store 
operations, primarily at the carrying value to the Associate, when Associate Agreements are terminated by either 
party. The Associates’ corporations and the franchisees remain separate legal entities.

Business Combinations  Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method as of the date 
when control is transferred to the Company. The Company measures goodwill as the excess of the sum of the fair 
value of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all 
measured as at the acquisition date. Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection with a business 
combination, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred.

Net Earnings per Common Share (“EPS”)  Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net earnings available to 
common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. 
Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the net earnings available to common shareholders and the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding for the effects of all potential dilutive instruments. 

Revenue Recognition  The Company recognizes revenue when the amount can be reliably measured, when it is 
probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and when specific criteria have been met as 
described below.

Weston Foods  recognizes sales upon delivery of its products to customers and acceptance of its products by 
customers net of provisions for returns, discounts and allowances.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 77

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Loblaw Retail  revenue includes sale of goods and services to customers through corporate stores and 
consolidated franchise stores and Associates, and sales to non-consolidated franchise stores, and independent 
wholesale account customers. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, 
net of estimated returns and sales incentives. Loblaw recognizes revenue at the time the sale is made or service 
is delivered to its customers and at the time of delivery of inventory to its non-consolidated franchises. Revenue 
also includes service fees from non-consolidated franchises, and independent wholesale account customers, 
which are recognized when services are rendered.

On the initial sale of franchising arrangements, Loblaw offered products and services as part of a multiple 
deliverable arrangement. Prior to the implementation of the new Franchise Agreement, the initial sales to     
non-consolidated franchise stores were recorded using a relative fair value approach.

Loblaw Customer Loyalty Awards  are accounted for as a separate component of the sales transaction in which 
they are granted. A portion of the consideration received in a transaction that includes the issuance of an award 
is deferred until the awards are ultimately redeemed. The allocation of the consideration to the award is based 
on an evaluation of the award’s estimated fair value at the date of the transaction using the residual fair value 
method.

Financial Services  revenue includes interest income on credit card loans, service fees and other revenue related 
to financial services. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Service fees are 
recognized when services are rendered. Other revenue is recognized periodically or according to contractual 
provisions.

Choice Properties  revenue includes rental revenue on base rents earned from tenants under lease agreements, 
realty tax and operating cost recoveries and other incidental income, including intersegment revenue earned 
from Loblaw’s Retail segment. The rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the 
respective leases. Property tax and operating cost recoveries are recognized in the period that recoverable costs 
are chargeable to tenants. Percentage participation rents are recognized when tenants’ specified sales targets 
have been met as set out in the lease agreements.

Income Taxes  Current and deferred taxes are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings, except for 
current and deferred taxes related to a business combination, or amounts charged directly to equity or other 
comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the period, using tax 
rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of 
previous years.

Deferred tax is recognized using the asset and liability method of accounting on temporary differences arising 
between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax 
bases. Deferred tax is measured using enacted or substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply in 
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A deferred tax asset is 
recognized for temporary differences as well as unused tax losses and credits to the extent that it is probable 
that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at 
each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will 
be realized. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities 
and assets and they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on the same taxable entity, 
or on different taxable entities where the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a 
net basis. 

78 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Deferred tax is recorded on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the 
timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Choice Properties qualifies as a “mutual fund trust” under the Income Tax Act (Canada). The Trustees intend to 
distribute all taxable income directly earned by Choice Properties to unitholders and to deduct such distributions 
for income tax purposes. Legislation relating to the federal income taxation of Specified Investment Flow 
Through trusts or partnerships (“SIFT”) provides that certain distributions from a SIFT will not be deductible in 
computing the SIFT’s taxable income and that the SIFT will be subject to tax on such distributions at a rate that is 
substantially equivalent to the general tax rate applicable to Canadian corporations. However, distributions paid 
by a SIFT as return of capital should generally not be subject to tax.

Under the SIFT rules, the taxation regime will not apply to a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that meets 
prescribed conditions relating to the nature of its assets and revenue (the “REIT Conditions”). Choice Properties 
has reviewed the SIFT rules and has assessed its interpretation and application to Choice Properties’ assets and 
revenue. While there are uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the SIFT rules, Choice Properties 
has determined that it meets the REIT Conditions.

Cash Equivalents  Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid marketable investments with an original maturity date 
of 90 days or less from the date of acquisition. 

Short Term Investments  Short term investments consist of marketable investments with an original maturity 
date greater than 90 days and less than 365 days from the date of acquisition. 

Security Deposits  Security deposits consist of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. Security 
deposits also include amounts which are required to be placed with counterparties as collateral to enter into and 
maintain certain outstanding letters of credit and certain financial derivative contracts. 

Accounts Receivable  Accounts receivable consists primarily of receivables from Loblaw’s vendors, non-
consolidated franchisees, government and third-party drug plans arising from prescription drug sales, 
independent accounts and receivables from Weston Foods customers and suppliers, and are recorded net of 
allowances.

Credit Card Receivables  Loblaw, through President’s Choice Bank (“PC Bank”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of 
Loblaw, has credit card receivables that are stated net of an allowance. Interest income is recorded in revenue 
and interest expense is recorded in net interest expense and other financing charges using the effective interest 
method. The effective interest rate is the rate that discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the 
expected life of the credit card receivable (or, where appropriate, a shorter period) to the carrying amount. 
When calculating the effective interest rate, Loblaw estimates future cash flows considering all contractual terms 
of the financial instrument, but not future credit losses.

Credit card receivables are considered past due when a cardholder has not made a payment by the contractual 
due date, taking into account a grace period. The amount of credit card receivables that fall within the grace 
period is considered current. Credit card receivables past due but not impaired are those receivables that are 
either less than 90 days past due or whose past due status is reasonably expected to be remedied. Any credit 
card receivables with a payment that is contractually 180 days in arrears, or where the likelihood of collection is 
considered remote, is written off. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 79

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Loblaw, through PC Bank, participates in various securitization programs that provide the primary source of 
funds for the operation of its credit card business. PC Bank maintains and monitors co-ownership interest in 
credit card receivables with independent securitization trusts, in accordance with its financing requirements. 
PC Bank is required to absorb a portion of the related credit losses. As a result, Loblaw has not transferred all of 
the risks and rewards related to these assets and continues to recognize these assets in credit card receivables. 
The transferred receivables are accounted for as financing transactions. The associated liabilities secured by 
these assets are included in either short term debt or long term debt based on their characteristics and are 
carried at amortized cost. Loblaw provides a standby letter of credit for the benefit of the independent 
securitization trusts.

Eagle Credit Card Trust®  PC Bank participates in a single seller revolving co-ownership securitization program 
with Eagle Credit Card Trust® (“Eagle”) and continues to service the credit card receivables on behalf of Eagle, 
but does not receive any fee for its servicing obligations and has a retained interest in the securitized receivables 
represented by the right to future cash flows after obligations to investors have been met. Loblaw consolidates 
Eagle as a structured entity.

Other Independent Securitization Trusts  The Other Independent Securitization Trusts administer multi-seller, 
multi-asset securitization programs that acquire assets from various participants, including credit card 
receivables from PC Bank. These trusts are managed by major Canadian chartered banks. PC Bank does not 
control the trusts through voting interests and does not exercise any control over the trusts’ management, 
administration or assets. The activities of these trusts are conducted on behalf of the participants and each trust 
is a conduit through which funds are raised to purchase assets through the issuance of senior and subordinated 
short term and medium term asset backed notes. These trusts are unconsolidated structured entities.

Franchise Loans Receivable  Franchise loans receivable are comprised of amounts due from non-consolidated 
franchises for loans issued through a structure involving consolidated independent funding trusts. These trusts, 
which are considered structured entities, were created to provide loans to franchises to facilitate their purchase 
of inventory and fixed assets. Each franchise provides security to the independent funding trust for its obligations 
by way of a general security agreement. In the event that a franchise defaults on its loan and Loblaw has not, 
within a specified time period, assumed the loan or the default is not otherwise remedied, the independent 
funding trust would assign the loan to Loblaw and draw upon a standby letter of credit. Loblaw has agreed to 
reimburse the issuing bank for any amount drawn on the standby letter of credit. The carrying amount of 
franchise loan receivables approximates its fair value. 

Inventories  The Company values inventories at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes the costs 
of purchases net of vendor allowances plus other costs, such as transportation, that are directly incurred to bring 
inventories to their present location and condition. Loblaw’s retail store inventories, Loblaw’s inventories at 
distribution centres and Weston Foods’ inventories are measured at weighted average cost. Shoppers Drug 
Mart’s inventories are measured on a first-in first-out basis. 

Loblaw estimates net realizable value as the amount that inventories are expected to be sold taking into 
consideration fluctuations in retail prices due to seasonality less estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 
Inventories are written down to net realizable value when the cost of inventories is estimated to be 
unrecoverable due to obsolescence, damage or declining selling prices. When circumstances that previously 
caused inventories to be written down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase 
in selling prices, the amount of the write-down previously recorded is reversed. Storage costs, indirect 
administrative overhead and certain selling costs related to inventories are expensed in the period that these 
costs are incurred. 

80 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Vendor Allowances  The Company receives allowances from certain of its vendors whose products it purchases. 
These allowances are received for a variety of buying and/or merchandising activities, including vendor programs 
such as volume purchase allowances, purchase discounts, listing fees and exclusivity allowances. Allowances 
received from a vendor are a reduction in the cost of the vendor’s products or services, and are recognized as a 
reduction in the cost of inventories sold and the related inventory in the consolidated statements of earnings 
and the consolidated balance sheets, respectively, when it is probable that they will be received and the amount 
of the allowance can be reliably estimated. Amounts received but not yet earned are presented in other 
liabilities as deferred vendor allowances. Certain exceptions apply if the consideration is a payment for assets or 
services delivered to the vendor or for reimbursement of selling costs incurred to promote the vendor’s 
products. The consideration is then recognized as a reduction of the cost incurred in the consolidated statements 
of earnings. 

Fixed Assets  Fixed assets are recognized and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and 
any accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition 
of the asset, including costs incurred to prepare the asset for its intended use and capitalized borrowing costs. 
The commencement date for capitalization of costs occurs when the Company first incurs expenditures for the 
qualifying assets and undertakes the required activities to prepare the assets for their intended use.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of fixed assets, that 
necessarily take a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use and a proportionate share of 
general borrowings, are capitalized to the cost of those fixed assets, based on a quarterly weighted average cost 
of borrowing. All other borrowing costs are expensed as incurred and recognized in net interest expense and 
other financing charges. 

The cost of replacing a fixed asset component is recognized in the carrying amount if it is probable that the 
future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Company and the cost can be 
measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognized. The cost of repairs and 
maintenance of fixed assets is expensed as incurred and recognized in operating income.

Gains and losses on disposal of fixed assets are determined by comparing the fair value of proceeds from 
disposal with the net book value of the assets and are recognized net in operating income.

Fixed assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual 
value when the assets are available for use. When significant parts of a fixed asset have different useful lives, 
they are accounted for as separate components and depreciated separately. Depreciation methods, useful lives 
and residual values are reviewed annually and are adjusted for prospectively, if appropriate. Estimated useful 
lives are as follows:

Buildings
Equipment and fixtures
Building improvements
Leasehold improvements
Assets held under financing leases

10 to 40 years
2 to 16 years
up to 10 years
Lesser of term of the lease and useful life up to 25 years
Lesser of term of the lease(i) and useful life(ii)

(i) 

If it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, assets under finance leases would be 
depreciated over the life of the asset.

(ii)  Same basis as owned assets.

Non-current assets are classified as assets held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally 
through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. To qualify as assets held for sale, the sale must be 
highly probable, assets must be available for immediate sale in their present condition and management must be 
committed to a plan to sell assets that should be expected to close within one year from the date of 
classification. Assets held for sale are recognized at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to 
sell and are not depreciated.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 81

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Fixed assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of 
impairment. Refer to the Impairment of Non-Financial Assets policy. 

Investment Properties  Investment properties are properties owned by Loblaw that are held to either earn rental 
income, for capital appreciation, or both. Loblaw’s investment properties include single tenant properties held to 
earn rental income and certain multiple tenant properties. Land and buildings leased to franchisees are not 
accounted for as investment properties as these properties are related to Loblaw’s operating activities. 

Investment property assets are recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated 
impairment losses. The depreciation policies for investment properties are consistent with those described in the 
significant accounting policy for fixed assets. 

Investment properties are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of 
impairment. Refer to the Impairment of Non-Financial Assets policy.

Joint Ventures  A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties to the arrangement have rights to the 
net assets of the joint arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, 
where the investment is initially recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at cost and adjusted thereafter to 
recognize the Company’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the joint venture.

Goodwill  Goodwill arising in a business combination is recognized as an asset at the date that control is 
acquired. Goodwill is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is not 
amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if there are indicators that 
goodwill may be impaired as described in the Impairment of Non-Financial Assets policy. 

Intangible Assets  Intangible assets with finite lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any 
accumulated impairment losses. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their 
estimated useful lives, ranging from three to 30 years, and are tested for impairment as described in the 
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets policy. Useful lives, residual values and amortization methods for intangible 
assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at least annually. Amortization expense for intangible assets is 
recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”)

Indefinite life intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. These intangible 
assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if there are indicators that intangible 
assets may be impaired as described in the Impairment of Non-Financial Assets policy.

Impairment of Non-Financial Assets  At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of 
its non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, to determine whether there is any 
indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset is then tested for impairment by comparing its 
recoverable amount to its carrying value. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are tested for impairment 
at least annually. 

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that 
generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of cash inflows of other assets or groups 
of assets. This grouping is referred to as a cash generating unit (“CGU”). Weston Foods’ manufacturing assets are 
grouped together at the level of production categories which are capable of servicing their customers 
independently of other production categories. Loblaw has determined that each location is a separate CGU for 
purposes of impairment testing. 

Corporate assets, which include head office facilities and distribution centers, do not generate separate cash 
inflows. Corporate assets are tested for impairment at the minimum grouping of CGUs to which the corporate 
assets can be reasonably and consistently allocated. Goodwill arising from a business combination is tested for 
impairment at the minimum grouping of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the 
combination. 

82 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The recoverable amount of a CGU or CGU grouping is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to 
sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows from the CGU or CGU grouping, discounted to their 
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money 
and the risks specific to the CGU or CGU grouping. The fair value less costs to sell is based on the best 
information available to reflect the amount that could be obtained from the disposal of the CGU or CGU 
grouping in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties, net of estimates of the costs 
of disposal. 

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a CGU or CGU grouping exceeds its recoverable 
amount. For asset impairments other than goodwill, the impairment loss reduces the carrying amounts of the 
non-financial assets in the CGU on a pro-rata basis. Any loss identified from goodwill impairment testing is first 
applied to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU grouping, and then to reduce the 
carrying amounts of the other non-financial assets in the CGU or CGU grouping on a pro-rata basis. Impairment 
losses and reversals are recognized in SG&A.

For assets other than goodwill, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying 
amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or 
amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not 
reversed. 

Bank Indebtedness  Bank indebtedness is comprised of balances outstanding on bank lines of credit drawn by 
Loblaw’s Associates.

Provisions  Provisions are recognized when there is a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the 
amount of the obligation can be made. The amount recognized as a provision is the present value of the best 
estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking 
into account the risks and uncertainties specific to the obligation. The unwinding of the discount rate for the 
passage of time is recognized in net interest expense and other financing charges. 

Financial Instruments and Derivative Financial Instruments  Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when 
the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. Financial instruments, 
including derivatives and embedded derivatives in certain contracts, upon initial recognition are measured at 
fair value and classified as either financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss,            
held-to-maturity investments, available-for-sale financial assets, loans and receivables or other financial 
liabilities. Loans and receivables and other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at cost or amortized 
cost. Derivatives and non-financial derivatives must be recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. 
Fair values are based on quoted market prices where available from active markets, otherwise fair values are 
estimated using valuation methodologies, primarily discounted cash flows taking into account external market 
inputs where possible. 

Financial derivative instruments in the form of forwards and futures, as well as non-financial derivatives in the 
form of futures contracts, options contracts and forward contracts, are recorded at fair value on the consolidated 
balance sheets. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. Any embedded 
derivative instruments that may be identified are separated from their host contract and recorded on the 
consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Derivative instruments are recorded in current or non-current assets 
and liabilities based on their remaining terms to maturity. All changes in fair values of the derivative instruments 
are recorded in net earnings unless the derivative qualifies and is effective as a hedging item in a designated 
hedging relationship. The Company has cash flow hedges which are used to manage exposure to fluctuations in 
foreign currency exchange and interest rates. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the hedging 
item is recorded in other comprehensive income. If the change in fair value of the hedging item is not completely 
offset by the change in fair value of the hedged item, the ineffective portion of the hedging relationship is 
recorded in net earnings. Amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to net earnings 
when the hedged item is recognized in net earnings.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 83

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Certain non-financial derivative instruments that were entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of 
the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Company’s expected purchase, sale or 
usage requirements are exempt from financial instrument accounting requirements (“own use exemption”). No 
amounts are recorded in the consolidated financial statements related to these contracts until the associated 
non-financial items are received by the Company.

Classification  The following table summarizes the classification and measurement of the Company’s financial 
assets and liabilities:

Asset/Liability

Cash and cash equivalents
Short term investments
Accounts receivable
Credit card receivables
Security deposits
Franchise loans receivable
Certain other assets
Certain long term investments
Bank indebtedness
Trade payables and other liabilities
Short term debt
Long term debt
Trust Unit liability
Certain other liabilities
Derivatives

Classification
Fair value through profit and loss(i)
Fair value through profit and loss(i)
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables
Fair value through profit and loss(i)
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables
Available-for-sale
Other liabilities
Other liabilities
Other liabilities
Other liabilities
Fair value through profit and loss(iii)
Other liabilities
Fair value through profit and loss(iii)

Measurement

Fair value
Fair value
Amortized cost
Amortized cost
Fair value
Amortized cost
Amortized cost
Fair value(ii)
Amortized cost
Amortized cost
Amortized cost
Amortized cost
Fair value
Amortized cost
Fair value

Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit and loss.

(i) 
(ii)  Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income until realized through disposal or impairment.
(iii)  Financial instruments required to be classified at fair value through profit and loss.

The Company has not classified any financial assets as held-to-maturity.

Fair Value  The Company measures financial assets and liabilities under the following fair value hierarchy. The 
different levels have been defined as follows:

•  Fair Value Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•  Fair Value Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset 

or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

•  Fair Value Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data 

(unobservable inputs).

Determination of fair value and the resulting hierarchy requires the use of observable market data whenever 
available. The classification of a financial instrument in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that 
is significant to the measurement of fair value.

Transaction costs other than those related to financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss, 
which are expensed as incurred, are capitalized to the carrying amount of the instrument and amortized using 
the effective interest method. 

Gains and losses on fair value through profit or loss financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in 
earnings before income taxes in the period in which they are incurred. Settlement date accounting is used to 
account for the purchase and sale of financial assets. Gains or losses between the trade date and settlement 
date on fair value through profit or loss financial assets are recorded in earnings before income taxes. 

84 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Valuation Process  The determination of the fair value of financial instruments is performed by the Company’s 
treasury and financial reporting departments on a quarterly basis. There was no change in the valuation 
techniques applied to financial instruments during the current year. The following table describes the valuation 
techniques used in the determination of the fair values of financial instruments:

Type

Valuation Approach

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short Term
Investments, Security Deposits, Accounts
Receivable, Credit Card Receivables, Bank
Indebtedness, Trade Payables and Other Liabilities
and Short Term Debt
Franchise Loans Receivable

Derivatives

Long Term Debt, Trust Unit Liability and certain
Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short term
maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amount approximates fair value as fluctuations in the
forward interest rates would not have significant impacts on the
valuation and the provisions recorded for all impaired receivables.
Specific valuation techniques used to value derivative financial
instruments include:

Quoted market prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments;
Observable market information as well as valuations determined
by external valuators with experience in the financial markets.
The fair value is based on the present value of contractual cash flows,
discounted at the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate for
similar types of borrowing arrangements or, where applicable, quoted
market prices.

Derecognition of Financial Instruments  Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to receive 
cash flows and benefits from the financial asset expire, or if the Company transfers the control or substantially all 
the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset to another party. The difference between the carrying 
amount of the financial asset and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in earnings 
before income taxes.

Financial liabilities are derecognized when obligations under the contract expire, are discharged or cancelled. 
The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid 
and payable is recognized in earnings before income taxes.

Impairment of Financial Assets  An assessment of whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a 
group of financial assets is impaired is performed at each balance sheet date. A financial asset or group of 
financial assets is considered to be impaired if one or more loss events that have an impact on the estimated 
future cash flows occur after their initial recognition and the loss can be reliably measured. If such objective 
evidence has occurred, the loss is based on the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset, or 
portfolio of financial assets, and the respective estimated future cash flows discounted at the financial assets’ 
original effective interest rate. Impairment losses are recorded in the consolidated statements of earnings with 
the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets reduced through the use of impairment 
allowance accounts.

In periods subsequent to the impairment where the impairment loss has decreased, and such decrease can be 
related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was initially recognized, the previously recognized 
impairment loss is reversed through the consolidated statements of earnings. The impairment reversal is limited 
to the lesser of the decrease in impairment or the extent that the carrying amount of the financial asset at the 
date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment 
not been recognized, after the reversal. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 85

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Foreign Currency Translation  The functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar. 

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations that have a functional currency different from that of the 
Company, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated into Canadian 
dollars at the foreign currency exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting foreign currency 
exchange gains or losses are recognized in the foreign currency translation adjustment as part of other 
comprehensive income. When such foreign operation is disposed of, the related foreign currency translation 
reserve is recognized in net earnings as part of the gain or loss on disposal. On the partial disposal of such 
foreign operation, the relevant proportion is reclassified to net earnings. 

Assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars but held in foreign operations that have the same functional 
currency as the Company are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency exchange rate in effect at 
the balance sheet date. The resulting foreign currency exchange gains or losses are recognized in operating 
income. 

Revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency 
exchange rates that approximate the rates in effect at the dates when such items are transacted. 

Short Term Employee Benefits  Short term employee benefits include wages, salaries, compensated absences, 
profit-sharing and bonuses. Short term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis 
and are recognized in operating income as the related service is provided or capitalized if the service rendered is 
in connection with the creation of a tangible or intangible asset. A liability is recognized for the amount expected 
to be paid under short term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Company has a present legal or constructive 
obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be 
estimated reliably. 

Defined Benefit Post-Employment Plans  The Company has a number of contributory and non-contributory 
defined benefit post-employment plans providing pension and other benefits to eligible employees. The defined 
benefit pension plans provide a pension based on length of service and eligible pay. The other defined benefits 
include health care, life insurance and dental benefits provided to eligible employees who retire at certain ages 
having met certain service requirements. The Company’s net defined benefit plan obligations (assets) for each 
plan are actuarially calculated by a qualified actuary at the end of each annual reporting period using the 
projected unit credit method pro-rated based on service and management’s best estimate of the discount rate, 
the rate of compensation increase, retirement rates, termination rates, mortality rates and expected growth rate 
of health care costs. The discount rate used to value the defined benefit plan obligation for accounting purposes 
is based on high quality corporate bonds denominated in the same currency with cash flows that match the 
terms of the defined benefit plan obligations. Past service costs (credits) arising from plan amendments are 
recognized in operating income in the year that they arise. The actuarially determined net interest costs on the 
net defined benefit plan obligation are recognized in net interest expense and other financing charges.

The fair values of plan assets are deducted from the defined benefit plan obligations to arrive at the net defined 
benefit plan obligations (assets). For plans that result in a net defined benefit asset, the recognized asset is 
limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of future refunds from the plan or 
reductions in future contributions to the plan (the “asset ceiling”). If it is anticipated that the Company will not 
be able to recover the value of the net defined benefit asset, after considering minimum funding requirements 
for future service, the net defined benefit asset is reduced to the amount of the asset ceiling. When the payment 
in the future of minimum funding requirements related to past service would result in a net defined benefit 
surplus or an increase in a surplus, the minimum funding requirements are recognized as a liability to the extent 
that the surplus would not be fully available as a refund or a reduction in future contributions. 

86 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Remeasurements including actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the impact 
of any minimum funding requirements are recognized through other comprehensive income and subsequently 
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. 

Other Long Term Employee Benefit Plans  The Company offers other long term employee benefits including 
contributory long term disability benefits and non-contributory continuation of health care and dental benefits 
to employees who are on long term disability leave. As the amount of the long term disability benefit does not 
depend on length of service, the obligation is recognized when an event occurs that gives rise to an obligation to 
make payments. The accounting for other long term employee benefit plans is similar to the method used for 
defined benefit plans except that all actuarial gains and losses are recognized in operating income. 

Defined Contribution Plans  The Company maintains a number of defined contribution pension plans for 
employees in which the Company pays fixed contributions for eligible employees into a registered plan and has 
no further significant obligation to pay any further amounts. The costs of benefits for defined contribution plans 
are expensed as employees have rendered service.

Multi-Employer Pension Plans  The Company participates in multi-employer pension plans (“MEPP”) which are 
accounted for as defined contribution plans. The Company’s responsibility to make contributions to these plans 
is limited to amounts established pursuant to its collective agreements. Defined benefit MEPPs are accounted for 
as defined contribution plans as adequate information to account for the Company’s participation in the plans is 
not available due to the size and number of contributing employers in the plans. The contributions made by the 
Company to MEPPs are expensed as contributions are due.

Termination Benefits  Termination benefits are recognized as an expense at the earlier of when the Company 
can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring. 
Benefits payable are discounted to their present value when the effect of the time value of money is material.

Equity-Settled Share-Based Compensation Plans  Stock options, Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”), Performance 
Share Units (“PSUs”), Director Deferred Share Units (“DSUs”) and Executive Deferred Share Units (“EDSUs”) 
issued by the Company are settled in common shares and are accounted for as equity-settled awards. 

Stock options outstanding have a seven year term to expiry, vest 20% cumulatively on each anniversary date of 
the grant and are exercisable at the designated common share price, which is based on the greater of the 
volume weighted average trading prices of the GWL or Loblaw common shares for either the five trading days 
prior to the date of grant or the trading day immediately preceding the grant date. The fair value of each tranche 
of options granted is measured separately at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, and 
includes the following assumptions:

•  The expected dividend yield is estimated based on the expected annual dividend prior to the option grant 

date and the closing share price as at the option grant date;

•  The expected share price volatility is estimated based on the Company’s historical volatility over a period 

consistent with the expected life of the options;

•  The risk-free interest rate is estimated based on the Government of Canada bond yield in effect at the grant 

date for a term to maturity equal to the expected life of the options; and

•  The effect of expected exercise of options prior to expiry is incorporated into the weighted average expected 

life of the options, which is based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour. 

RSUs and PSUs vest after the end of a three year performance period. The number of PSUs that vest is based on 
the achievement of specified performance measures. The fair value of each RSU and PSU granted is measured 
separately at the grant date based on the market value of a GWL or Loblaw common share. Dividends paid may 
be reinvested in RSUs and PSUs and are treated as capital transactions.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 87

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

GWL and Loblaw established trusts for each of their RSU and PSU plans to facilitate the purchase of shares for 
future settlement upon vesting. Each company is the sponsor of their respective trusts and has assigned 
Computershare Trust Company of Canada as the trustee. GWL and Loblaw fund the purchase of shares for 
settlement and earn management fees from the trusts. The trusts are considered structured entities and are 
consolidated in the Company’s financial statements with the cost of the acquired shares recorded at book value 
as a reduction to share capital. Any premium on the acquisition of the shares above book value is applied to 
retained earnings until the shares are issued to settle RSU and PSU obligations. 

Members of GWL’s and Loblaw’s Board, who are not management, may elect to receive a portion of their annual 
retainers and fees in the form of DSUs. Eligible executives of the Company may elect to defer up to 100% of the 
Short Term Incentive Plan earned in any year into the EDSU plan. Dividends paid earn fractional DSUs and EDSUs, 
respectively and are treated as capital transactions. DSUs and EDSUs vest upon grant.

The compensation expense for equity-settled plans is prorated over the vesting or performance period, with a 
corresponding increase to contributed surplus. Forfeitures are estimated at the grant date and are revised to 
reflect changes in expected or actual forfeitures. 

Upon exercise of options, the amount accumulated in contributed surplus for the award plus the cash received 
upon exercise is recognized as an increase in share capital. Upon settlement of RSUs and PSUs, the amount 
accumulated in contributed surplus for the award is reclassified to share capital, with any premium or discount 
applied to retained earnings.

Cash-Settled Share-Based Compensation Plans  Unit Options, Restricted Units, Performance Units and Trustee 
Deferred Units issued by Choice Properties and certain DSUs are accounted for as cash-settled awards.

The fair value of the amount payable to award recipients in respect of these cash-settled awards plan is 
remeasured at each balance sheet date, and a compensation expense is recognized in SG&A over the vesting 
period for each tranche with a corresponding change in the liability. 

Employee Share Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)  GWL’s and Loblaw’s contributions to the ESOPs are measured at cost 
and recorded as compensation expense in operating income when the contribution is made. The ESOPs are 
administered through a trust which purchases GWL’s and Loblaw’s common shares on the open market on behalf 
of its employees.

Accounting Standards Implemented in 2017

Statement of Cash Flows  The Company implemented the amendments to International Accounting Standard 
(“IAS”) 7, “Statement of Cash Flows”, in the first quarter of 2017 and has provided disclosures on changes in 
liabilities arising from certain financing activities, including both cash and non-cash flows changes (see note 22). 
Comparative information has not been presented.

Note 3.   Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and 
judgments in applying the Company’s accounting policies that affect the reported amounts and disclosures made 
in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. 

Within the context of these consolidated financial statements, a judgment is a decision made by management 
in respect of the application of an accounting policy, a recognized or unrecognized financial statement amount 
and/or note disclosure, following an analysis of relevant information that may include estimates and 
assumptions. Estimates and assumptions are used mainly in determining the measurement of balances 
recognized or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and are based on a set of underlying data that 
may include management’s historical experience, knowledge of current events and conditions and other factors 
that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management continually evaluates the estimates 
and judgments it uses. 

88 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The following are the accounting policies subject to judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty that 
the Company believes could have the most significant impact on the amounts recognized in the consolidated 
financial statements. The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in note 2.

Basis of Consolidation 
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  The Company uses judgment in determining the 
entities that it controls and therefore consolidates. The Company controls an entity when the Company has the 
existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the activities that significantly affect the entity’s returns. 
The Company consolidates all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Judgment is applied in determining whether the 
Company controls the entities in which it does not have ownership rights or does not have full ownership rights. 
Most often, judgment involves reviewing contractual rights to determine if rights are participating (giving power 
over the entity) or protective rights (protecting the Company’s interest without giving it power). 

Inventories 
Key Sources of Estimation  Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value which requires the 
Company to utilize estimates related to fluctuations in shrink, future retail prices, the impact of vendor rebates 
on cost, seasonality and costs necessary to sell the inventory. 

Impairment of non-financial assets (goodwill, intangible assets, fixed assets and investment properties) 
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  Management is required to use judgment in 
determining the grouping of assets to identify their CGUs for the purposes of testing fixed assets for impairment. 
Judgment is further required to determine appropriate groupings of CGUs for the level at which goodwill and 
intangible assets are tested for impairment. Loblaw has determined that each retail location is a separate CGU 
for purposes of fixed asset impairment testing. For the purpose of goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets 
impairment testing, CGUs are grouped at the lowest level at which goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets 
are monitored for internal management purposes. In addition, judgment is used to determine whether a 
triggering event has occurred requiring an impairment test to be completed. 

Key Sources of Estimation  In determining the recoverable amount of a CGU or a group of CGUs, various 
estimates are employed. The Company determines fair value less costs to sell using such estimates as market 
rental rates for comparable properties, recoverable operating costs for leases with tenants, non-recoverable 
operating costs, discount rates, capitalization rates and terminal capitalization rates. The Company determines 
value in use by using estimates including projected future revenues, earnings and capital investment consistent 
with strategic plans presented to GWL’s and Loblaw’s Boards. Discount rates are consistent with external industry 
information reflecting the risk associated with the specific cash flows. 

Impairment of Franchise loans receivable and certain other financial assets 
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  Management reviews franchise loans receivable, 
trade receivables and certain other financial assets relating to Loblaw’s franchise business at each balance sheet 
date utilizing judgment to determine whether a triggering event has occurred requiring an impairment test to 
be completed. 

Key Sources of Estimation  Management determines the initial fair value of Loblaw’s franchise loans and certain 
other financial assets using discounted cash flow models. The process of determining these fair values requires 
management to make estimates of a long term nature regarding discount rates, projected revenues and margins, 
as applicable. These estimates are derived from past experience, actual operating results and budgets. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 89

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Customer Loyalty Awards Programs 
Key Sources of Estimation  Loblaw defers revenue equal to the fair value of award points earned by loyalty 
program members at the time of award. Loblaw determines fair value using estimates such as retail value per 
point on redemption and breakage (the amount of points that will never be redeemed). Prior to the launch of 
the PC Optimum Program, the estimated fair value per point for the PC points and PC Plus programs was 
determined based on the program reward schedule and was $1 for every 1,000 points. For the Shoppers 
Optimum program, the estimated fair value per point was determine based on the expected weighted average 
redemption levels for future redemptions, including special redemption events.  Each program had its own 
breakage rate and the rates were reviewed on an ongoing basis and were estimated utilizing each program’s 
historical redemption activity and anticipated earn and redeem behaviour of members. As at year end 2017, as a 
result of Loblaw’s plan to create one loyalty program, PC Optimum, Loblaw revalued its existing loyalty award 
liabilities to account for a combined anticipated redemption rate. 

Income and other taxes 
Judgments Made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied  The calculation of current and deferred income taxes 
requires management to make certain judgments regarding the tax rules in jurisdictions where the Company 
performs activities. Application of judgments is required regarding the classification of transactions and in 
assessing probable outcomes of claimed deductions including expectations about future operating results and 
the timing and reversal of temporary differences.

Provisions  
Judgments made in Relation to Accounting Policies Applied and Key Sources of Estimation  The recording of 
provisions requires management to make certain judgments regarding whether there is a present legal or 
constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the 
obligation and if a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. The Company has recorded 
provisions primarily in respect of restructuring, environmental and decommissioning liabilities, onerous lease 
arrangements, legal claims and the Loblaw Card Program. The Company reviews the merits, risks and 
uncertainties of each provision, based on current information, and the amount expected to be required to settle 
the obligation. Provisions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted accordingly when new facts and 
events become known to the Company.  

Note 4.  Future Accounting Standards 

The future accounting standards noted below will impact the Company’s business processes, internal controls 
over financial reporting, data systems, and information technology (“IT”), as well as financing and compensation 
arrangements. As a result, the Company has developed comprehensive project plans to guide the 
implementations. 

IFRS 15  In 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“IFRS 15”), replacing IAS 18, 
“Revenue”, IAS 11, “Construction Contracts”, and related interpretations. IFRS 15 provides a comprehensive 
framework for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue from contracts with customers, 
excluding contracts within the scope of the accounting standards on leases, insurance contracts and financial 
instruments. IFRS 15 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The Company 
intends to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018 by applying the requirements of the standard retrospectively 
with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained earnings on January 1, 2017 and 
with the restatement of the comparative periods. IFRS 15 permits the use of exemptions and practical 
expedients. The Company intends to apply the practical expedient which does not require restatement for 
contracts that began and were completed within the same annual reporting period before January 1, 2018 or are 
completed on January 1, 2017.

The Company has completed the assessment of significant agreements and contracts with customers and has 
determined the preliminary expected impacts of adoption of IFRS 15 on its consolidated financial statements. 

The implementation of IFRS 15 will impact the allocation of revenue that is deferred in relation to Loblaw’s 
customer loyalty award programs. Revenue is currently allocated to the customer loyalty awards using the 

90 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

residual fair value method. Under this method, a portion of the consideration equaling the fair value of the 
points is allocated to the loyalty awards and deferred until the points are ultimately redeemed. The residual 
consideration is allocated to the goods and services sold and recognized as revenue. Under IFRS 15, 
consideration will be allocated between the loyalty awards and the goods or services sold on which the awards 
were earned based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Using this relative fair value approach, the 
amount allocated to the loyalty points will be, on average, lower than the amounts allocated under the residual 
value method. As a result, the Company expects the adoption of the standard to result in a decrease in the 
amount recognized as deferred revenue in other liabilities, an increase in income taxes payable, and a 
corresponding increase in retained earnings of approximately $30 million, net of income taxes, as at 
January 1, 2017. 

The Company does not expect the implementation of IFRS 15 to otherwise have a significant impact on its 
Weston Foods segment or Loblaw’s Retail, Financial Services or Choice Properties segment revenue streams, 
including on its franchise arrangements with non-consolidated stores.

The Company continues to assess the impact of the disclosure requirements under IFRS 15 on the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 9  In 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 9, “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”), replacing IAS 39, “Financial 
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”), and related interpretations. IFRS 9 includes revised 
guidance on the classification and measurement of financial assets, including impairment and a new general 
hedge accounting model. IFRS 9 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. The 
Company intends to adopt the new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment and general 
hedging on January 1, 2018 by applying the requirements for classification and measurement, including 
impairment, retrospectively with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained 
earnings as at January 1, 2018, with no restatement of the comparative periods.

Classification and measurement  IFRS 9 contains a new classification and measurement approach for financial 
assets that reflects the business model in which assets are managed and their cash flow characteristics. IFRS 9 
largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. The Company will 
adopt the new classification requirements under IFRS 9 and it does not expect significant changes in 
measurement as a result of the new requirements.

Impairment  IFRS 9 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in IAS 39 with a forward-looking ‘expected credit 
loss’ (“ECL”) model. Applying the ECL model will require considerable judgment, including consideration of how 
changes in economic factors affect ECLs, which will be determined on a probability-weighted basis. The new 
impairment model will apply to financial assets measured at amortized cost or those measured at fair value 
through other comprehensive income, except for investments in equity instruments, and to contract assets.

The Company’s ECL model will change the valuation of Loblaw’s Financial Services segment’s credit losses on 
credit card receivables. Loblaw, through PC Bank, currently assesses for impairment on credit card receivables 
using the incurred loss model when objective evidence indicates that there has been a deterioration of credit 
quality subsequent to the initial recognition of the receivable, and the loss can be reliably measured. The 
adoption of IFRS 9 will have a significant impact on Loblaw’s Financial Services segment’s impairment 
methodology. 

IFRS 9 outlines a three-stage approach to recognizing ECL which is intended to reflect the deterioration in credit 
quality of a financial instrument. Loblaw, through PC Bank, will apply the three-stage approach on assessing the 
impairment on credit card receivables.  

•  Stage 1 is comprised of all financial instruments that have not deteriorated significantly in credit quality since 
initial recognition or that have low credit risk at the reporting date. PC Bank will be required to recognize 
impairment for Stage 1 financial instruments based on the expected losses over the expected life of the 
instrument arising from loss events that could occur during the 12 months following the reporting date.  

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 91

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

•  Stage 2 is comprised of all financial instruments that have deteriorated significantly in credit quality since 
initial recognition but that do not have objective evidence of a credit loss event. For Stage 2 financial 
instruments the impairment is recognized based on the expected losses over the expected life of the 
instrument arising from loss events that could occur over the expected life. PC Bank is required to recognize 
a lifetime ECL for Stage 2 financial instruments.  

•  Stage 3 is comprised of all financial instruments that have objective evidence of impairment at the reporting 
date. PC Bank is required to recognize impairment based on a lifetime ECL for Stage 3 financial instruments.  

As a result of the change in valuation, the Company expects the adoption of IFRS 9 to result in a decrease in 
credit card receivables, increase in deferred income tax asset, with a corresponding decrease in retained 
earnings of up to approximately $90 million, net of income taxes, as at January 1, 2018. PC Bank continues to 
revise, refine and validate the impairment model and related process controls , and assess the impact on 
Loblaw’s consolidated financial statement. 

The Company does not expect the ECL impairment model applied under IFRS 9 to have a material impact on its 
other financial assets. 

General hedging  IFRS 9 will require the Company to ensure that hedge accounting relationships are aligned with 
the Company’s risk management objectives and strategy and to apply a more qualitative and forward-looking 
approach to assessing hedge effectiveness. The Company expects that the types of hedge accounting 
relationships that the Company currently designates will be capable of meeting the requirements of IFRS 9 once 
the Company completes certain planned changes to its internal documentation and monitoring processes to 
meet the requirements of IFRS 9.

IFRS 16  In 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, “Leases” (“IFRS 16”), replacing IAS 17, “Leases” (“IAS 17”) and related 
interpretations. The standard introduces a single on-balance sheet recognition and measurement model for 
lessees, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases. Lessors continue to classify leases 
as finance and operating leases. IFRS 16 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2019. For leases where the Company is the lessee, it has the option of adopting a full retrospective 
approach or a modified retrospective approach on transition to IFRS 16. While early adoption is permitted if 
IFRS 15 has been adopted, the Company does not intend to early adopt IFRS 16.

The Company intends to adopt the standard on January 1, 2019 by applying the requirements of the standard 
retrospectively with the cumulative effects of initial application recorded in opening retained earnings as at 
January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach with no restatement of the comparative period. 
IFRS 16 permits the use of exemptions and practical expedients. The Company intends to measure the 
cumulative effect of initial application by applying the use of hindsight in the determination of the lease term if 
the contract contains options to extend or terminate a lease. In addition, the Company also intends to apply the 
following exemptions and practical expedients.
• 

the application of IFRS 16 to only those contracts that were previously identified as leases under IAS 17 and 
IFRIC 4, Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease;
the exclusion of short term leases and leases for which the underlying asset is of low dollar value from the 
application of IFRS 16; and 
the application of a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.  

• 

• 

The Company has performed a preliminary assessment of the potential impacts of the adoption of IFRS 16 on the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements. The adoption of IFRS 16 will result in an increase in fixed assets, 
long term debt, and deferred income taxes, and a decrease in opening retained earnings as a result of the 
recognition of right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities. On an ongoing basis there will be a decrease in 
rent expense and an increase in depreciation and amortization and net interest expense and other financing 
charges. The Company expects to disclose quantitative financial impacts before the adoption of IFRS 16.

92 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 5.  Business Acquisitions 

Consolidation of Franchises  Loblaw accounts for the consolidation of existing franchises as business 
acquisitions. During the year, Loblaw consolidated its franchises as of the date the franchisee entered into a new 
simplified franchise agreement with Loblaw. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed through the 
consolidation were valued at the acquisition date using fair values, which approximate the franchise carrying 
values at the date of acquisition. The results of operations of the acquired franchises were included in Loblaw’s 
results of operations from the date of acquisition. 

The following table summarizes the amounts recognized for the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and 
the non-controlling interests at the acquisition dates:

($ millions)
Net assets acquired:

Cash and cash equivalents
Inventories
Fixed assets
Trade payables and other liabilities(i)
Other liabilities(i)
Non-controlling interests

Total net assets acquired

2017

$

26
73
81
(43)
(132)
(5)
— $

2016

42
72
76
(67)
(107)
(16)
—

$

$

(i)  On consolidation, trade payables and other liabilities and other liabilities eliminate against existing accounts receivable, franchise 

loans receivable and franchise investments held by Loblaw.

Acquisition of QHR Corporation  In 2017, Loblaw finalized the purchase price allocation related to the 
acquisition of QHR Corporation (“QHR”) in 2016. Loblaw acquired all issued and outstanding shares of QHR 
for total cash consideration of $167 million. The final purchase price allocation was as follows:

($ millions)
Net assets acquired:

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivables and prepaid expenses
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
Goodwill
Trade payables and other liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities
Other liabilities

Total net assets acquired

$

$

14
2
2
72
99
(3)
(14)
(5)
167

Goodwill is attributable to synergies expected from integrating QHR into Loblaw’s existing business. The goodwill 
is not deductible for tax purposes. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 93

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6.  Net Interest Expense and Other Financing Charges 

The components of net interest expense and other financing charges were as follows:

($ millions)
Interest expense:
Long term debt
Borrowings related to credit card receivables
Trust Unit distributions
Independent funding trusts
Post-employment and other long term employee benefits (note 27)
Bank indebtedness
Capitalized interest (capitalization rate 3.5% (2016 – 3.6%)) (notes 14 & 16)

Interest income:

Accretion income
Short term interest income
Derivative financial instruments(ii)

Forward sale agreement(i)
Fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability (note 31)
Net interest expense and other financing charges

2017

2016

$

$

$

$
$
$
$

518
30
35
16
11
6
(2)
614

(10)
(25)

(35)
(49)
(7)
523

$

$

$

$
$
$
$

536
27
33
15
12
6
(4)
625

(15)
(16)
(3)
(34)
30
79
700

(i) 

Included a non-cash income of $25 million (2016 – charge of $53 million) related to the fair value adjustment of the forward sale 
agreement for 9.6 million Loblaw common shares (see note 31). The fair value adjustment of the forward sale agreement is non-cash 
and results from changes in the value of the underlying Loblaw common shares. At maturity, any cash paid under the forward sale 
agreement could be offset by the sale of the underlying Loblaw common shares. Also included is forward accretion income 
of $42 million (2016 – $40 million), and the forward fee of $18 million (2016 – $17 million), associated with the forward sale 
agreement.

(ii)  Represents a realized fair value gain of $3 million related to Choice Properties bond forward agreements settled in 2016 

(see note 31).

94 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 7.  

Income Taxes 

The components of income taxes recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings were as follows: 

($ millions)
Current income taxes

Current period
Adjustment in respect of prior periods

Deferred income taxes

Origination and reversal of temporary differences
Effect of change in income tax rates(i), (ii)
Adjustment in respect of prior periods

Income taxes

2017

679
8

(211)
(36)
3
443

$

$

2016

600
4

(152)
3
10
465

$

$

(i) 

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the U.S. government enacted a 14% decrease in the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate 
from 35% to 21%.  As a result, the Company recorded a recovery of $19 million related to the remeasurement of its deferred tax 
liabilities.

(ii) 

In 2016, the Government of New Brunswick announced a 2.0% increase in the provincial statutory corporate income tax rate from 
12.0% to 14.0%. Loblaw recorded a charge of $3 million related to the remeasurement of its deferred tax liabilities in 2016. 

Income tax expense recognized in other comprehensive income was as follows:

($ millions)
Net defined benefit plan actuarial (losses) gains (note 27)
Total income tax (recoveries) recognized in Other

comprehensive income

2017
(8)

(8)

$

$

2016
10

10

$

$

The effective income tax rates in the consolidated statements of earnings were reported at rates different than 
the weighted average basic Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rates for the following reasons:

Weighted average basic Canadian federal and provincial statutory 

income tax rate

Net (decrease) increase resulting from:

Effect of tax rate in foreign jurisdictions
Impact of foreign currency translation
Non-taxable and non-deductible amounts
Impact of fair value adjustment of Trust Unit liability
Impact of income tax rate changes on deferred income tax balances
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
Other

Effective income tax rate applicable to earnings before income taxes

2017

26.7%

(0.3)
0.2
(3.5)
(0.1)
(1.8)
0.7
0.1
22.0%

2016

27.0%

0.2

1.4
0.2
1.0
0.1
29.9%

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 95

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Deferred income tax assets which were not recognized on the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

($ millions)
Deductible temporary differences
Income tax losses and credits
Unrecognized deferred income tax assets

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
28
$
160
188

$

Dec. 31, 2016
48
$
103
151

$

The income tax losses and credits expire in the years 2026 to 2037. The deductible temporary differences do not 
expire under current income tax legislation. Deferred income tax assets were not recognized in respect of these 
items because it is not probable that future taxable income will be available to the Company to utilize the 
benefits.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheets were attributable to the 
following:

($ millions)
Trade payables and other liabilities
Other liabilities
Fixed assets
Goodwill and intangible assets
Other assets
Non-capital losses carried forward (expiring 2030 to 2037)
Capital losses carried forward
Other
Net deferred income tax liabilities
Recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
Deferred income tax assets
Deferred income tax liabilities
Net deferred income tax liabilities

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
69
$
410
(587)
(1,936)
53
133
21
(67)
(1,904)

$

Dec. 31, 2016
63
$
320
(569)
(2,090)
55
94
24
(66)
(2,169)

$

$

$

247
(2,151)
(1,904)

$

$

201
(2,370)
(2,169)

96 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 8.  Basic and Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company
Prescribed dividends on preferred shares in share capital
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
Reduction in net earnings due to dilution at Loblaw
Net earnings available to common shareholders for diluted earnings per share
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) (note 24)
Dilutive effect of share-based compensation(i) 
Weighted average common shares outstanding(ii) (in millions)
Basic net earnings per common share ($)
Diluted net earnings per common share ($)

(in millions)

$

$

$

$
$

2017
759
(44)
715
(6)
709
127.7
0.6
128.3
5.60
5.53

$

$

$

$
$

2016
550
(44)
506
(5)
501
127.7
0.6
128.3
3.96
3.90

(i)  Excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings per common share were 450,042 (2016 – 316,643) potentially dilutive 

instruments, as they were anti-dilutive.
Includes impact of dilutive instruments for purposes of calculating diluted net earnings per common share.

(ii) 

Note 9.  Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short Term Investments and Security Deposits 

The components of cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security deposits were as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

($ millions)
Cash
Cash equivalents:

Bankers’ acceptances
Government treasury bills
Corporate commercial paper

Cash and cash equivalents

Short Term Investments

($ millions)
Bankers’ acceptances
Government treasury bills
Corporate commercial paper
Government agency securities
Other
Short term investments

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
655
$

Dec. 31, 2016
684
$

685
237
457
2,034

$

492
208
176
1,560

$

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
341
$
297
442
31
2
1,113

$

Dec. 31, 2016
306
$
341
324
38
2
1,011

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 97

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Security Deposits

($ millions)
Cash
Government treasury bills
Security deposits

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
48
$
38
86

$

Dec. 31, 2016
49
$
40
89

$

As at year end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had agreements to cash collateralize certain uncommitted credit facilities 
up to amounts of $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and $102 million (2016 – $103 million), respectively. As at year 
end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and $3 million (2016 – $4 million) deposited 
with major financial institutions, respectively, and classified as security deposits on the consolidated balance 
sheets.  

Note 10.  Accounts Receivable 

The following is an aging of the Company’s accounts receivable: 

 As at

($ millions)
Accounts receivable

0 - 90 days
$

1,224 $

45 $

> 90 days

> 180 days

0 - 90 days

> 90 days

> 180 days

$

1,165 $

42 $

Dec. 31, 2017
Total
1,324

55 $

Dec. 31, 2016
Total
1,284

77 $

The following are continuities of the Company’s allowances for uncollectable accounts receivable:

($ millions)
Allowance, beginning of year
Net write-offs
Allowance, end of year

2017
(75)
18
(57)

$

$

2016
(106)
31
(75)

$

$

Credit risk associated with accounts receivable is discussed in note 32.

Note 11.  Credit Card Receivables 

The components of credit card receivables were as follows: 

($ millions)
Gross credit card receivables
Allowance for credit card receivables
Credit card receivables
Securitized to independent securitization trusts:
(note 22)

Securitized to Eagle Credit Card Trust® 
Securitized to Other Independent Securitization Trusts (note 21)

Total securitized to independent securitization trusts

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
3,147
$
(47)
3,100

$

Dec. 31, 2016
2,978
$
(52)
2,926

$

$

$

900
640
1,540

$

$

650
665
1,315

98 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Loblaw, through PC Bank, participates in various securitization programs that provide a source of funds for the 
operation of its credit card business. PC Bank maintains and monitors the co-ownership interest in credit card 
receivables with independent securitization trusts, including Eagle and the Other Independent Securitization 
Trusts, in accordance with its financing requirements. 

Loblaw has arranged letters of credit on behalf of PC Bank for the benefit of the Independent Securitization 
Trusts (see note 34).

Under its securitization programs, PC Bank is required to maintain, at all times, a credit card receivable pool 
balance equal to a minimum of 107% of the outstanding securitized liability. PC Bank was in compliance with 
this requirement as at year end 2017 and throughout the year.

The following is an aging of gross credit card receivables:

  As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

($ millions)

Gross credit card receivables

Current
$ 2,951 $

169 $

Total
27 $ 3,147

Current
$ 2,791 $

156 $

Total
31 $ 2,978

1-90 days > 90 days
past due
past due

1-90 days
past due

> 90 days
past due

The following are continuities of allowances for credit card receivables:

($ millions)

Allowance, beginning of year
Provision for losses
Recoveries
Write-offs
Allowance, end of year

2017
(52)
(104)
(22)
131
(47)

$

$

2016
(54)
(120)
(19)
141
(52)

$

$

The allowances for credit card receivables recorded in credit card receivables on the consolidated balance sheets 
are maintained at a level which is considered adequate to absorb credit related losses on credit card receivables. 

Note 12.  Inventories

The components of inventories were as follows:

($ millions)
Raw materials and supplies
Finished goods
Inventories

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
72
$
4,551
4,623

$

Dec. 31, 2016
78
$
4,481
4,559

$

As at year end 2017, inventories included a charge of $39 million (2016 – $29 million) recorded by Loblaw for the 
write-down of inventories below cost to net realizable value. The write-down was included in cost of inventories 
sold in the consolidated statements of earnings. There were no reversals of previously recorded write-downs of 
inventories during 2017 and 2016.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 99

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13.  Assets Held for Sale and Disposition 

Loblaw classifies certain assets, primarily land and buildings, that it intends to dispose of in the next 12 months, 
as assets held for sale. These assets were previously used in Loblaw’s retail business segment. In 2017, Loblaw 
recorded a $1 million gain (2016 – $5 million gain) from the sale of these assets. Impairment charges of 
$2 million were recognized on these properties during 2017 (2016 – nil).

In 2017, Loblaw sold its gas bar operations, for proceeds of approximately $540 million, to Brookfield Business 
Partners L.P. (“Brookfield”). Loblaw recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of $501 million (post-tax gain of $432 million), 
net of related costs, in SG&A. As a result of the transaction, Brookfield has become a strategic partner to Loblaw 
and will offer Loblaw’s PC Optimum Program at the gas bars. In addition, the gas bars operate at certain 
properties that are either owned by Loblaw or leased by Loblaw from Choice Properties or third-party landlords. 
As a result of the transaction, Brookfield leases or sub-leases these properties from Loblaw.

Note 14.  Fixed Assets 

The following is a continuity of the cost and accumulated depreciation and impairment losses of fixed assets for 
the year ended December 31, 2017:

Buildings
and
Building
Improvements

Land

Equipment 
and 
fixtures

Leasehold
improvements

1,954 $
21
(2)

8,327 $
54
(10)
(93)

7,856 $
238
(50)
(49)

1,977 $
98
(17)
(3)

Finance   
leases - 
land,  
buildings, 
equipment
 and fixtures

Assets 
under 
construction

Total

920 $
15

755 $ 21,789
1,163
737
(79)
(145)

2

8

1

43

5

292

(1)
2,016 $

(15)
8,560 $

413
81
(37)
8,452 $

33
1

2,089 $

937 $

(781)

—
82
(59)
705 $ 22,759

(6)

$

3,121 $

5,806 $

910 $

410 $

8 $ 10,255

1

1

220
17
(8)
(9)
(25)

2

(4)

463
18
(2)
(41)
(46)

(21)

64
18

165
21
(2)
(16)
(1)

912
75
(12)
(66)
(72)

3

(25)

2 $

3,314 $

6,177 $

1,077 $

492 $

8 $ 11,070

2,014 $

5,246 $

2,275 $

1,012 $

445 $

697 $ 11,689

($ millions)

Cost, beginning of year
Additions
Disposals
Transfer to assets held for sale
Net transfer to investment properties       

(note 15)

Transfer from assets under construction
Business acquisitions
Impact of foreign currency translation
Cost, end of year
Accumulated depreciation and

impairment losses, beginning of year

Depreciation
Impairment losses
Reversal of impairment losses
Disposals
Transfer to assets held for sale

Net transfer from investment properties  

(note 15)

Impact of foreign currency translation

Accumulated depreciation and

impairment losses, end of year

Carrying amount as at:
December 31, 2017

$

$

$

$

$

100 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The following is a continuity of the cost and accumulated depreciation and impairment losses of fixed assets for 
the year ended December 31, 2016:

($ millions)

Cost, beginning of year
Additions
Disposals
Net transfer to investment properties 

(note 15)

Transfer from assets under construction
Business acquisitions
Impact of foreign currency translation
Cost, end of year
Accumulated depreciation and

impairment losses, beginning of year

Depreciation
Impairment losses
Reversal of impairment losses
Disposals
Net transfer to investment properties 

(note 15)

Impact of foreign currency translation
Accumulated depreciation and

impairment losses, end of year

Carrying amount as at:
December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

$

Buildings
and
Building
Improvements

Land

Equipment 
and 
fixtures

Leasehold
improvements

Finance    
leases - 
land,   
buildings, 
equipment
 and fixtures

Assets 
under 
construction

Total

1,906 $
7
(1)

8,056 $
49
(28)

7,469 $
209
(215)

1,878 $
78
(29)

884 $
35

(27)

69

(77)

331

1,954 $

(4)
8,327 $

333
76
(16)
7,856 $

48
2

1

1,977 $

920 $

777 $ 20,970
1,160
782
(283)
(10)

(8)

(112)

(781)

—
79
(25)
755 $ 21,789

(5)

3 $

2,958 $

5,550 $

758 $

339 $

10 $

9,618

(3)

212
24
(10)
(22)

(39)

(2)

450
43
(15)
(210)

(12)

67
4

162
16

(26)

(2)

891
87
(28)
(260)

(39)

(14)

— $

3,121 $

5,806 $

910 $

410 $

8 $ 10,255

1,954 $

5,206 $

2,050 $

1,067 $

510 $

747 $ 11,534

Assets Held under Finance Leases  The Company leases various land and buildings and equipment and fixtures 
under a number of finance lease arrangements. As at year end 2017, the net carrying amount of leased land           
and buildings was $424 million (2016 – $468 million) and the net carrying amount of leased equipment and 
fixtures was $21 million (2016 – $42 million).

Assets under Construction  The cost of additions to properties under construction for 2017 was $737 million 
(2016 – $782 million). Included in this amount were capitalized borrowing costs of $2 million (2016 – $4 million) 
with a weighted average capitalization rate of 3.5% (2016 – 3.6%) (see note 6).

Security and Assets Pledged  As at year end 2017, Loblaw had fixed assets with a carrying amount of                        
$187 million (2016 – $243 million) which were encumbered by mortgages of $81 million (2016 – $78 million) 
(see note 22). 

Fixed Asset Commitments  As at year end 2017, the Company had entered into commitments of $201 million                 
(2016 – $167 million) for the construction, expansion and renovation of buildings and the purchase of real 
property.

Impairment Losses and Reversals  In 2017, Loblaw recorded $60 million (2016 – $41 million) of impairment 
losses on fixed assets in respect of 21 CGUs (2016 – 24 CGUs) in its Retail segment. The recoverable amount was 
based on the greater of the CGU’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Approximately 29% (2016 – 
21%) of impaired CGUs had carrying values which were $11 million (2016 – $14 million) greater than their fair 
value less costs to sell. The remaining 71% (2016 – 79%) of impaired CGUs had carrying values which were 
$48 million (2016 – $27 million) greater than their value in use.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 101

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

In 2017, Loblaw recorded $12 million (2016 – $13 million) of impairment reversals on fixed assets in respect of 
seven CGUs (2016 – six CGUs) in its Retail segment. Impairment reversals are recorded where the recoverable 
amount of the retail location exceeds its carrying amount. Approximately 57% (2016 – 100%) of CGUs with 
impairment reversals had fair value less costs to sell which were $6 million (2016 – $13 million) greater than 
their carrying values. The remaining 43% (2016 – nil) of CGUs with impairment reversals had value in use which 
were $5 million (2016 – nil) greater than their carrying values.

When determining the value in use of a retail location, Loblaw develops a discounted cash flow model for each 
CGU. The duration of the cash flow projections for individual CGUs varies based on the remaining useful life of 
the significant assets within the CGU. Sales forecasts for cash flows are based on actual operating results, 
operating budgets, and long term growth rates that were consistent with industry averages, all of which are 
consistent with strategic plans presented to Loblaw’s Board. The estimate of the value in use of the relevant 
CGUs was determined using a pre-tax discount rate of 8.0% to 8.5% at the end of 2017 (2016 – 8.0% to 8.5%).

In 2017, Loblaw recorded $7 million of impairment losses on its fixed assets relating to the announced closures 
of approximately 22 unprofitable retail locations across a range of banners and formats and $3 million related to 
other restructuring plans. Additional impairment losses of $5 million (2016 – $13 million) were incurred related 
to store closures, renovations and conversions of retail locations. Impairment losses are recorded where the 
carrying amount of the retail location exceeds its recoverable amount. 

In 2016, Loblaw’s ancillary healthcare business triggered for impairment testing and an impairment was 
identified. As a result Loblaw recorded an impairment charge of $15 million in fixed assets.

Note 15.  Investment Properties 

The following are continuities of the cost and accumulated depreciation and impairment losses of investment 
properties for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

($ millions)
Cost, beginning of year
Additions
Disposals
Net transfer (to) from fixed assets (note 14)
Net transfer from (to) assets held for sale
Cost, end of year
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, beginning of year
Depreciation
Impairment losses
Reversal of impairment losses
Disposals
Net transfer (to) from fixed assets (note 14)
Net transfer from (to) assets held for sale
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, end of year

($ millions)
Carrying amount
Fair value

102 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

2017
324
32
(13)
(8)
3
338
106
3
2
(1)
(6)
(3)
2
103

$

$
$

$

2016
236
2
(19)
112
(7)
324
76
2
2

(9)
39
(4)
106

$

$
$

$

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
235
$
276
$

Dec. 31, 2016
218
$
261
$

During 2017, Loblaw recognized in operating income $11 million (2016 – $6 million) of rental income and 
incurred direct operating costs of $10 million (2016 – $2 million) related to its investment properties. In addition, 
Loblaw recognized direct operating costs of $2 million (2016 – $11 million) related to its investment properties 
for which no rental income was earned.

For disclosure purposes, Loblaw calculates the fair value of investment properties. An external, independent 
valuation company, having appropriate recognized professional qualifications and recent experience in the 
location and category of property being valued, provided appraisals for certain of Loblaw’s investment 
properties. For the other investment properties, Loblaw determined the fair value by relying on comparable 
market information. Where available, the fair values are based on market values, being the estimated amount 
for which a property could be exchanged on the date of the valuation between a buyer and a seller in an arm’s 
length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably and willingly. 
Where market values are not available, valuations are prepared using the income approach by considering the 
estimated cash flows expected from renting out the property based on existing lease terms and where 
appropriate, the ability to renegotiate the lease terms once the initial term or option term(s) expire plus the net 
proceeds from a sale of the property at the end of the investment horizon. 

The valuations of investment properties using the income approach include assumptions as to market rental 
rates for properties of similar size and condition located within the same geographical areas, recoverable 
operating costs for leases with tenants, non-recoverable operating costs, vacancy periods, tenant inducements 
and capitalization rates for the purposes of determining the estimated net proceeds from the sale of the 
property. As at year end 2017, the pre-tax discount rates used in the valuations for investment properties ranged 
from 7.50% to 9.50% (2016 – 7.75% to 9.50%) and the terminal capitalization rates ranged from 6.75% to 8.75% 
(2016 – 6.75% to 8.75%).

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 103

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 16.  Intangible Assets 

The following is a continuity of the cost and accumulated amortization and impairment losses of intangible 
assets for the year ended December 31, 2017:

($ millions)

Cost, beginning of year
Additions
Business acquisitions
Disposal
Write-off cost of fully amortized assets
Impact of foreign currency translation
Cost, end of year
Accumulated amortization and impairment

losses, beginning of year

Amortization
Impairment losses
Write-off amortization of fully

amortized assets

Impact of foreign currency translation
Accumulated amortization and impairment

losses, end of year
Carrying amount as at:

December 31, 2017

Indefinite
life
intangible
assets

Definite life
internally
generated
intangible
assets

Definite 
life 
trademarks 
and brand 
names

$

3,475 $
10

20 $

25 $

Software

2,180 $
279

(5)

$

3,485 $

20 $

20 $

(1)
2,458 $

Other
definite
life
intangible
assets

6,125 $
8
27

(6)
(7)
6,147 $

Total  

11,825
297
27
(5)
(6)
(8)
12,130

$

20 $

8 $

1,300 $

1,622 $

2,950

1

247
29

532
11

(6)

(2)

780
40

(6)

(2)

$

$

— $

20 $

9 $

1,576 $

2,157 $

3,762

3,485 $

— $

11 $

882 $

3,990 $

8,368

The following is a continuity of the cost and accumulated amortization and impairment losses of intangible 
assets for the year ended December 31, 2016:

($ millions)

Cost, beginning of year
Additions
Business acquisitions
Disposal
Cost, end of year
Accumulated amortization and impairment

losses, beginning of year

Amortization
Disposal
Impairment losses
Impact of foreign currency translation
Accumulated amortization and impairment

losses, end of year
Carrying amount as at:
December 31, 2016

Indefinite
life
intangible
assets

Definite life
internally
generated
intangible
assets

Definite  
life 
trademarks 
and brand 
names

$

3,461 $
14

20 $

25 $

$

3,475 $

20 $

25 $

Other
definite
life
intangible
assets

6,044 $
10
74
(3)
6,125 $

Software

1,852 $
312
18
(2)
2,180 $

Total  

11,402
336
92
(5)
11,825

$

20 $

7 $

1,070 $

1,013 $

2,110

1

229
(2)
3

539
(1)
73
(2)

769
(3)
76
(2)

$

$

— $

20 $

8 $

1,300 $

1,622 $

2,950

3,475 $

— $

17 $

880 $

4,503 $

8,875

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets  Indefinite life intangible assets recorded by Loblaw are comprised of brand 
names, trademarks, import purchase quotas and certain liquor licenses. The brand names and trademarks are a 
104 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

result of Loblaw’s acquisition of Shoppers Drug Mart and T&T Supermarket Inc. Loblaw expects to renew the 
registration of the brand names, trademarks, import purchase quotas and liquor licenses at each expiry date 
indefinitely, and expects these assets to generate economic benefit in perpetuity. As such, Loblaw assessed these 
intangibles to have indefinite useful lives.

The Company completed its annual impairment tests for indefinite life intangible assets and concluded there was 
no impairment.

Key Assumptions  The key assumptions used to calculate the fair value less costs to sell are those regarding 
discount rates, growth rates and expected changes in margins. These assumptions are consistent with the 
assumptions used to calculate fair value less costs to sell for goodwill (see note 17). 

Software  Software is comprised of software purchases and development costs. There were no capitalized 
borrowing costs included in 2017 (2016 – nil). Loblaw recorded impairment losses of $29 million, which included  
$22 million related to the impairment of certain IT assets that support the existing loyalty programs as a result of 
the PC Optimum Program (see note 19).

Other Definite Life Intangible Assets  Other definite life intangible assets recorded by Loblaw primarily consist of 
prescription files, the Shoppers Optimum loyalty program and customer relationships.

In 2016, an ancillary healthcare business triggered for impairment testing and an impairment was identified. As a 
result, Loblaw recorded an impairment charge of $73 million relating to a customer relationship intangible asset 
for an ancillary healthcare business.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 105

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17.  Goodwill 

The following are continuities of the cost and accumulated amortization and impairment losses of goodwill:

($ millions)
Cost, beginning of year
Business acquisitions (note 5)
Impact of foreign currency translation
Cost, end of year
Accumulated amortization and impairment losses, beginning of year
Impairment loss
Accumulated amortization and impairment losses, end of year
Carrying amount as at:
December 31

The carrying amount of goodwill attributed to each CGU grouping was as follows:

($ millions)
Weston Foods
Shoppers Drug Mart
Market
Discount
T&T Supermarket Inc.
Other
Carrying amount of goodwill

2017
5,431
27
(14)
5,444
1,067

1,067

4,377

$

$
$

$

$

$

$
$

$

$

2016
5,316
120
(5)
5,431
1,062
5
1,067

4,364

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
295
$
2,952
375
459
129
167
4,377

$

Dec. 31, 2016
309
$
2,925
375
459
129
167
4,364

$

The Company completed its annual impairment tests for goodwill and concluded that there was no impairment.

Key Assumptions  The key assumptions used to calculate the fair value less costs to sell are those regarding 
discount rates, growth rates and expected changes in margins. These assumptions are considered to be Level 3 
in the fair value hierarchy. 

The weighted average cost of capital was determined to be 7.0% (2016 – 7.0%) and was based on a risk-free rate, 
an equity risk premium adjusted for betas of comparable publicly traded companies, an unsystematic risk 
premium, an after-tax cost of debt based on corporate bond yields and the capital structure of the Company. 

Cash flow projections were discounted using a rate derived from the Company’s after-tax weighted average 
cost of capital. As at year end 2017, the after-tax discount rate used in the recoverable amount calculations was 
7.1% (2016 – 7.0%). The pre-tax discount rate was 9.7% (2016 – 9.6%). 

The Company included a minimum of three years of cash flows in its discounted cash flow model. The cash 
flow forecasts were extrapolated beyond the three year period using an estimated long term growth rate of 2.0% 
(2016 – 2.0%). The budgeted adjusted EBITDA(1) growth was based on the strategic plans approved by GWL’s and 
Loblaw’s Boards.

106 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 18.  Other Assets 

The components of other assets were as follows:

($ millions)
Fair value of equity forward (note 31)
Sundry investments and other receivables
Net accrued benefit plan asset (note 27)
Other
Other assets

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
435
$
56
154
223
868

$

Dec. 31, 2016
368
$
79
200
204
851

$

Note 19.  Customer Loyalty Awards Program Liability  

The liability associated with Loblaw’s customer loyalty awards programs (“loyalty liability”) is included in trade 
payables and other liabilities. The carrying amount of the loyalty liability was as follows: 

($ millions)
Loyalty liability

Dec. 31, 2017
413
$

Dec. 31, 2016
229
$

In 2017, Loblaw announced plans to bring together the Shoppers Optimum and PC Plus loyalty programs to 
create one program, PC Optimum. As a result, Loblaw recorded a charge of $189 million, related to the 
revaluation of the existing Shoppers Optimum liability for outstanding points to reflect a higher anticipated 
redemption rate under the new program. In addition, Loblaw recorded charges of $22 million related to the 
impairment of certain IT assets that support the existing loyalty programs (see note 16). Subsequent to the year 
end 2017, Loblaw launched the PC Optimum Program.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 107

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 20.  Provisions 

Provisions consist primarily of amounts recorded in respect of restructuring, self-insurance, environmental and 
decommissioning liabilities, onerous lease arrangements, legal claims, the Loblaw Card Program and a MEPP 
withdrawal liability. 

The following are continuities of provisions for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

($ millions)
Provisions, beginning of year
Additions
Payments
Reversals
Impact of foreign currency translation
Provisions, end of year

($ millions)

Carrying amount of provisions recorded in:
Current provisions
Non-current provisions
Provisions

2016
337
136
(165)
(23)
(4)
281

$

$

2017
281
379
(112)
(29)
(4)
515

$

$

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

325
190
515

$

$

135
146
281

The Company’s accrued insurance liabilities were $84 million (2016 – $88 million), of which $48 million                  
(2016 – $49 million) was included in non-current provisions and $36 million (2016 – $39 million) in current 
provisions. Included in total accrued insurance liabilities were $22 million (2016 – $27 million) of U.S. workers’ 
compensation liabilities. The related cost and accrued workers’ compensation liabilities are based on actuarial 
valuations which are dependent on assumptions determined by management. The discount rate used in 
determining the 2017 U.S. workers’ compensation cost and liability was 2.0% (2016 – 2.0%). The total workers’ 
compensation liability is equal to the ultimate actuarial loss estimate less any actual losses paid to date. Any 
change in the workers’ compensation liability is recognized immediately in operating income.

In 2017, the U.S. workers’ compensation cost associated with the worker’s compensation liabilities was 
$6 million (2016 – $6 million).

Competition Bureau Investigation  On December 19, 2017, the Company and Loblaw announced actions taken 
to address their role in an industry-wide price-fixing arrangement involving certain packaged bread products. The 
arrangement involved the coordination of retail and wholesale prices of certain packaged bread products over a 
period extending from late 2001 to March 2015. Under the arrangement, the participants regularly increased 
prices on a coordinated basis. In connection with the arrangements, Loblaw has announced the Loblaw Card 
Program pursuant to which Loblaw is offering a $25 Loblaw Card to eligible customers. The Loblaw Card can be 
used to purchase items sold in Loblaw grocery stores across Canada. Loblaw recorded a charge of $107 million in 
relation to the Loblaw Card Program in 2017 (see note 33). 

Restructuring and other charges  In 2017, Weston Foods recorded restructuring and other charges of $48 million 
(2016 – $17 million). In 2017, the restructuring charges were primarily related to the previously announced 
closure of an unprofitable facility in the U.S., which is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2018, and 
reorganization costs related to the transformation program. These charges included severance and exit costs of 
$29 million, accelerated depreciation of $10 million, and impairment of a definite life intangible asset of 
$9 million.

108 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

In 2017, Loblaw eliminated approximately 500 corporate and store-support positions and finalized a plan that 
will result in the closure of 22 unprofitable retail locations across a range of banners and formats. Loblaw expects 
to record charges of approximately $135 million related to this restructuring, of which $123 million was recorded 
in the fourth quarter of 2017. The charges included $109 million for severance and lease related costs, $7 million 
for asset impairments and $7 million related to other costs.  Loblaw expects that the store closures will be 
substantially complete by the end of the first quarter of 2018. 

In addition, Loblaw recorded $20 million in severance and other related charges and $3 million for asset 
impairments as a result of other restructuring plans approved in the fourth quarter of 2017 and a charge of 
$19 million related to an adjustment of onerous contract provisions related to previously announced 
restructuring plans.

Note 21.  Short Term Debt 

The components of short term debt were as follows:

($ millions)
Other Independent Securitization Trusts 
Series B Debentures(i)
Short term debt

(note 11)

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
640
$
618
1,258

$

Dec. 31, 2016
665
$
576
1,241

$

(i) 

Series B Debentures issued by GWL are due on demand, and pay a current weighted average interest rate of 1.59% (2016 – 1.38%). 
The Series A, 7.00% (see note 22) and Series B Debentures are secured by a pledge of 9.6 million Loblaw common shares.

Other Independent Securitization Trusts  The outstanding short term debt balances relate to credit card 
receivables securitized to the Other Independent Securitization Trusts with recourse (see note 11). 

The securitization agreements between PC Bank and the Other Independent Securitization Trusts are renewed 
and extended on an annual basis. The existing agreements were renewed in 2017, with their respective maturity 
dates extended to 2019 and with all other terms and conditions remaining substantially the same.

The undrawn commitments on facilities available from the Other Independent Securitization Trusts as at year 
end 2017 were $160 million (2016 – $210 million). 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 109

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 22.  Long Term Debt 

The components of long term debt were as follows:

($ millions)
Loblaw Unsecured Term Loan Facility

1.13% + Bankers’ Acceptance, due 2019
1.45% + Bankers’ Acceptance, due 2019

Medium Term Notes and Debentures

George Weston Limited Notes

Series A, 7.00%, due 2031(i)
4.12%, due 2024
7.10%, due 2032
6.69%, due 2033

Loblaw Companies Limited Notes

3.75%, due 2019
5.22%, due 2020
4.86%, due 2023
6.65%, due 2027
6.45%, due 2028
6.50%, due 2029
11.40%, due 2031
Principal
Effect of coupon repurchase

6.85%, due 2032
6.54%, due 2033
8.75%, due 2033
6.05%, due 2034
6.15%, due 2035
5.90%, due 2036
6.45%, due 2039
7.00%, due 2040
5.86%, due 2043
Shoppers Drug Mart Notes
2.36%, due 2018

Choice Properties Debentures
Series A  3.55%, due 2018
Series B  4.90%, due 2023
Series C  3.50%, due 2021
Series D  4.29%, due 2024
Series E  2.30%, due 2020
Series F  4.06%, due 2025
Series G  3.20%, due 2023
Series H  5.27%, due 2046
Series 6  3.00%, due 2017
Series 7  3.00%, due 2019
Series 8  3.60%, due 2020
Series 9  3.60%, due 2021
Series 10 3.60%, due 2022

Long Term Debt Secured by Mortgage

2.47% - 5.49%, due 2018 - 2029 (note 14)

Guaranteed Investment Certificates

0.85% - 3.25%, due 2018 - 2021

Independent Securitization Trust (note 11)

2.91%, due 2018
2.23%, due 2020
2.71%, due 2022
Independent Funding Trusts
Finance Lease Obligations (note 30)
Choice Properties Credit Facilities
Transaction costs and other
Total long term debt
Less amount due within one year
Long term debt

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

250
48

466
200
150
100

800
350
800
100
200
175

151
(19)
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
150
55

275

400
200
250
200
250
200
250
100

200
300
200
300

81

852

400
250
250
551
568
561
(22)
12,092
1,635
10,457

$

$

250
48

466
200
150
100

800
350
800
100
200
175

151
(33)
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
150
55

275

400
200
250
200
250
200
250
100
200
200
300
200
300

78

928

400
250

587
607
172
(24)
11,785
400
11,385

(i) 

The Series A, 7.00% and Series B Debentures (see note 21) are secured by a pledge of 9.6 million Loblaw common shares.

110 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Significant long term debt transactions are described below:

Debentures and Medium Term Notes (“MTNs”)  The following table summarizes the debentures and MTNs 
issued in the years ended as indicated: 

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

Choice Properties senior unsecured debentures

 – Series G
 – Series H
Total debentures issued

Interest
Rate

Maturity
Date

3.20%
5.27%

March 7, 2023
March 7, 2046

2017
Principal
Amount

2016
Principal
Amount

$

$

250
100
350

$

—

No debentures and MTNs were issued in 2017.  Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties issued two 
series of senior unsecured debentures: $300 million Series I senior unsecured debentures due March 21, 2022, 
which bear interest at a rate of 3.01% per annum; and $350 million Series J senior unsecured debentures due 
January 10, 2025, which bear interest at a rate of 3.55% per annum.   

The following table summarizes the debentures and MTNs repaid in the years ended as indicated: 

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)

George Weston Limited notes

Loblaw Companies Limited notes

Shoppers Drug Mart notes

Choice Properties senior unsecured debentures

 – Series 6
 – Series 5
Total debentures and MTNs repaid

(i)  Redeemed on January 23, 2017. 
(ii)  Redeemed on March 7, 2016.   

Maturity
Interest
Rate
Date
3.78% October 25, 2016

7.10%

2.01%

3.00%
3.00%

June 1, 2016

May 24, 2016

April 20, 2017(i)
April 20, 2016(ii)

2017
Principal
Amount

2016
Principal
Amount
350

$

300

225

$

$

200

200

$

300
1,175

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties issued an early redemption notice for its $400 million Series A 
3.55% senior unsecured debentures, which were redeemed on February 12, 2018 with an original maturity date 
of July 5, 2018.

Guaranteed Investment Certificates (“GICs”)  The following table summarizes PC Bank’s GIC activity, before 
commissions, for the years ended as follows: 

($ millions)
Balance, beginning of year
GICs issued
GICs matured
Balance, end of year

2017
928
76
(152)
852

$

$

2016
809
239
(120)
928

$

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 111

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Independent Securitization Trust  The notes issued by Eagle are MTNs, which are collateralized by PC Bank’s 
credit card receivables (see note 11). Loblaw has arranged letters of credit for the benefit of Eagle notes issued 
prior to 2015 and outstanding as at year end 2017 (see note 34).

In 2017, Eagle issued $250 million of senior and subordinated term notes with a maturity date of 
October 17, 2022 at a weighted average interest rate of 2.71%. In connection with this issuance, $200 million 
of bond forward agreements were settled, resulting in a realized fair value gain of $6 million, in Other 
Comprehensive Income, and a net effective interest rate of 2.26% on the Eagle notes issued. 

Independent Funding Trusts  As at year end 2017, the independent funding trusts had drawn $551 million 
(2016 – $587 million) from the revolving committed credit facility that is the source of funding to the independent 
funding trusts. 

Committed Credit Facilities  The components of the committed lines of credit available as at year end 2017 and 
2016 were as follows: 

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

($ millions)

Maturity
Date

Available
Credit

Drawn

Loblaw’s committed credit facility

June 10, 2021

$

1,000

Choice Properties’ committed
syndicated credit facility

Choice Properties’ committed bi-lateral

July 5, 2022(i)

500

$

311

credit facility

December 21, 2018

250

Total committed credit facilities

$

1,750

$

250

561

Available
Credit

$

1,000

500

250

$

1,750

Drawn

$

$

172

172

(i) Choice Properties’ committed syndicated credit facility was extended for an additional year from July 5, 2021 to July 5, 2022.  

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties repaid and cancelled the committed bi-lateral credit facility.  

These facilities contain certain financial covenants (see note 26). 

Long Term Debt due Within One Year  The components of long term debt due within one year were as follows: 

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
400
$
275
193
400
44
73
250
1,635

$

Dec. 31, 2016
200
$

142

53
5

$

400

($ millions)
Choice Properties debenture
Shoppers Drug Mart MTN
GICs
Independent Securitization Trust
Finance lease obligations
Long term debt secured by mortgage
Choice Properties Credit Facility
Long term debt due within one year

112 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Schedule of Repayments  The schedule of repayment of long term debt, based on maturity is as follows: 

($ millions)
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter
Long Term Debt (excludes transaction costs and effect of coupon repurchases)

As at
Dec. 31, 2017
1,635
$
2,150
1,380
658
930
5,380
12,133

$

See note 31 for the fair value of long term debt.

Reconciliation of Long Term Debt  The following table reconciles the changes in cash flows from financing
activities for long term debt in the year ended as indicated:

($ millions)
Total long term debt, beginning of period
Long term debt issuances(i)
Long term debt repayments(ii)
Total cash flow from long term debt financing activities
Finance lease additions
Other non-cash changes
Total non-cash long term debt activities
Total long term debt, end of period

2017
11,785
686
(450)
236
16
55
71
12,092

$

$

(i) 

(ii) 

Includes net issuances from Choice Properties’ credit facilities and the Independent Funding Trust, which are revolving debt 
instruments.
Includes repayment on finance lease obligations of $94 million.

Note 23.  Other Liabilities 

The components of other liabilities were as follows:

($ millions)
Net defined benefit plan obligation (note 27)
Other long term employee benefit obligation
Deferred lease obligation
Fair value of acquired leases
Share-based compensation liability (note 28)
Other
Other liabilities

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
380
$
115
140
65
4
58
762

$

Dec. 31, 2016
381
$
116
119
77
4
92
789

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 113

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 24.  Share Capital

The components of share capital were as follows:

($ millions)
Common share capital
Preferred shares, Series I
Preferred shares, Series III
Preferred shares, Series IV
Preferred shares, Series V
Share capital

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
221
$
228
196
197
196
1,038

$

Dec. 31, 2016
195
$
228
196
197
196
1,012

$

Common Share Capital (authorized – unlimited)  Common shares issued are fully paid and have no par value. 
The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s common shares issued and outstanding for the 
years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Issued and outstanding, beginning of year

Issued for settlement of stock 

options (note 28)

Purchased and cancelled

Issued and outstanding, end of year
Shares held in trusts, beginning of year

Purchased for future settlement

of RSUs and PSUs

Released for settlement of RSUs 

and PSUs (note 28)

Shares held in trusts, end of year
Issued and outstanding, net of shares held

in trusts, end of year

Weighted average outstanding, net of shares

held in trusts

2016

Common
Share
Capital
191

4

195

2017

Common
Share
Capital
195

26

221

Number of
Common
Shares
127,898,582

293,976
(286,977)
127,905,581
(266,999)

$

$

(70,198)

108,394
(228,803)

Number of
Common
Shares
127,911,661

54,921
(68,000)
127,898,582
(272,031)

$

$

(102,006)

107,038
(266,999)

127,676,778 $

221

127,631,583 $

195

127,692,789

127,668,839

Preferred Shares, Series I (authorized – 10.0 million)  GWL has 9.4 million 5.80% non-voting Preferred Shares, 
Series I outstanding, with a face value of $235 million, which entitle the holder to a fixed cumulative preferred 
cash dividend of $1.45 per share per annum which will, if declared, be payable quarterly. GWL may, at its option, 
redeem for cash, in whole or in part, these outstanding preferred shares at $25.00 per share, together with all 
accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date.

At any time after issuance, GWL may, at its option, give the holders of these preferred shares the right, at the 
option of the holder, to convert their preferred shares into preferred shares of a further series designated by 
GWL on a share-for-share basis on a date specified by GWL.

114 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Preferred Shares, Series III (authorized – 10.0 million)  GWL has 8.0 million 5.20% non-voting Preferred Shares, 
Series III outstanding, with a face value of $200 million, which entitle the holder to a fixed cumulative preferred 
cash dividend of $1.30 per share per annum which will, if declared, be payable quarterly. GWL may, at its option, 
redeem for cash, in whole or in part, these outstanding preferred shares at $25.00 per share, together with all 
accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date.

At any time after issuance, GWL may, at its option, give the holders of these preferred shares the right, at the 
option of the holder, to convert their preferred shares into preferred shares of a further series designated by 
GWL on a share-for-share basis on a date specified by GWL.

Preferred Shares, Series IV (authorized – 8.0 million)  GWL has 8.0 million 5.20% non-voting Preferred Shares, 
Series IV outstanding, with a face value of $200 million, which entitle the holder to a fixed cumulative preferred 
cash dividend of $1.30 per share per annum which will, if declared, be payable quarterly. GWL may, at its option, 
redeem for cash, in whole or in part, these outstanding preferred shares at $25.00 per share, together with all 
accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date.

At any time after issuance, GWL may, at its option, give the holders of these preferred shares the right, at the 
option of the holder, to convert their preferred shares into preferred shares of a further series designated by 
GWL on a share-for-share basis on a date specified by GWL.

Preferred Shares, Series V (authorized – 8.0 million)  GWL has 8.0 million 4.75% non-voting Preferred Shares, 
Series V outstanding, with a face value of $200 million, which entitle the holder to a fixed cumulative preferred 
cash dividend of $1.1875 per share per annum which will, if declared, be payable quarterly. GWL may, at its 
option, redeem for cash, in whole or in part, these outstanding preferred shares at $25.00 per share, together 
with all accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date.

At any time after issuance, GWL may, at its option, give the holders of these preferred shares the right, at the 
option of the holder, to convert their preferred shares into preferred shares of a further series designated by 
GWL on a share-for-share basis on a date specified by GWL.

Dividends  The declaration and payment of dividends on the Company’s common shares and the amount thereof 
are at the discretion of the Company’s Board which takes into account the Company’s financial results, capital 
requirements, available cash flow, future prospects of the Company’s business and other factors considered 
relevant from time to time. Over time, it is the Company’s intention to increase the amount of the dividend while 
retaining appropriate free cash flow to finance future growth. In the second quarter of 2017 and 2016, the Board 
raised the quarterly common share dividend by $0.015 to $0.455 and $0.44 per share, respectively. The Board 
declared dividends as follows:

($)
Dividends declared per share(i):

Common share
Preferred share:

Series I
Series III
Series IV
Series V

2017

2016

$

$
$
$
$

1.805

1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

$

$
$
$
$

1.745

1.45
1.30
1.30
1.1875

(i)  Dividends declared on common shares and Preferred Shares, Series III, Series IV and Series V were payable on January 1, 2018 and 

subsequently paid on January 2, 2018. Dividends declared on Preferred Shares, Series I were paid on December 15, 2017.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 115

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash dividends declared subsequent to year end 2017:

($)
Dividends declared per share(i) –  Common share
–  Preferred share:

Series I
Series III
Series IV
Series V

$

0.455

0.3625
$
0.3250
$
$
0.3250
$ 0.296875

(i)  Dividends declared on common shares and Preferred Shares, Series III, Series IV and Series V are payable on April 1, 2018. 

Dividends declared on Preferred Shares, Series I are payable on March 15, 2018. 

Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) Program  The following table summarizes the Company’s activity under its 
NCIB program: 

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Purchased for future settlement of RSUs and PSUs (number of shares)
Purchased and cancelled (number of shares)
Cash consideration paid

Purchased and held in trusts
Purchased and cancelled

Premium charged to retained earnings

2017
70,198
286,977

2016
102,006
68,000

$
$
$

(7)
(31)
38

$
$
$

(11)
(8)
19

There was a nominal reduction in share capital in 2017 and 2016, as a result of the Company’s activity under its 
NCIB program. 

In the second quarter of 2017, GWL renewed its NCIB program to purchase on the Toronto Stock Exchange 
(“TSX”) or through alternative trading systems up to 6,395,185 of its common shares, representing 
approximately 5% of the common shares outstanding. In accordance with the rules and regulations of the TSX, 
any purchases must be at the then market price of such shares.

116 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 25.  Loblaw Capital Transactions 

Loblaw Preferred Shares  As at year end 2017, the Second Preferred Shares, Series B in the amount of 
$221 million net of $4 million of after-tax issuance costs, and related cash dividends, were presented as a 
component of non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In 2017, Loblaw 
declared dividends of $12 million (2016 – $12 million) related to the Second Preferred Shares, Series B.

Loblaw Common Shares  The following table summarizes Loblaw’s common share activity under its share-based 
compensation arrangements and NCIB program, and includes the impact on the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements for the years ended as follows:

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Issued (number of shares)
Purchased and held in trusts (number of shares)
Purchased and cancelled(i) 

(number of shares)

Cash consideration received (paid)

Share-based compensation
Purchased and held in trusts
Purchased and cancelled

Increase (decrease) in contributed surplus

Share-based compensation
Purchased and held in trusts
Purchased and cancelled

2017
2,030,292
(686,000)
(15,555,539)
(14,211,247)

2016
1,919,776
(1,250,000)
(10,287,300)
(9,617,524)

$

$

$

$

41
(48)
(1,091)
(1,098)

14
(12)
(277)
(275)

$

$

$

$

42
(90)
(708)
(756)

10
(23)
(178)
(191)

(i) 

Includes 22,012 shares held in escrow that were transferred and cancelled in a private transaction and are excluded from Loblaw’s 
Normal Course Issuer Bid. 

Note 26.  Capital Management 

In order to manage its capital structure, the Company, among other activities, may adjust the amount of 
dividends paid to shareholders, purchase shares for cancellation pursuant to its NCIB program, issue new shares 
or issue or repay long term debt with the objective of:
•  ensuring sufficient liquidity is available to support its financial obligations and to execute its operating and 

strategic plans;

•  maintaining financial capacity and flexibility through access to capital to support future development of the 

business; 

•  minimizing the after-tax cost of its capital while taking into consideration current and future industry, market 

and economic risks and conditions; 

•  utilizing short term funding sources to manage its working capital requirements and long term funding 

• 

sources to manage the long term capital investments of the business; and
targeting an appropriate leverage and capital structure for the Company and each of its reportable operating 
segments.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 117

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company has policies in place which govern debt financing plans and risk management strategies for 
liquidity, interest rates and foreign exchange. These policies outline measures and targets for managing capital, 
including a range for leverage consistent with the desired credit rating. Management and the Audit Committee 
regularly review the Company’s compliance with, and performance against, these policies. In addition, 
management regularly reviews these policies to ensure they remain consistent with the risk tolerance acceptable 
to the Company. 

The following table summarizes the Company’s total capital under management:

As at

($ millions)

Bank indebtedness
Short term debt
Long term debt due within one year
Long term debt
Certain other liabilities
Fair value of financial derivatives related to the above debt
Total debt
Equity attributable to shareholders of the Company
Total capital under management

Dec. 31, 2017
110
$
1,258
1,635
10,457
41
(435)
13,066
7,894
20,960

$

$

Dec. 31, 2016
115
$
1,241
400
11,385
31
(368)
12,804
7,764
20,568

$

$

Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus In 2017, Loblaw filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the 
potential issuance of up to $2 billion of unsecured debentures and/or preferred shares subject to the availability 
of funding in the capital markets. 

In 2017, Eagle filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the potential issuance of up to 
$1 billion of notes over a 25-month period. 

Subsequent to the end of 2017, Choice Properties filed a Short Form Base Shelf Prospectus, which allows for the 
potential issuance of up to $2 billion of Units and debt securities, or any combination thereof, over a 25-month 
period. Under this Prospectus, Choice Properties issued $650 million of senior unsecured debentures (note 22).

Subsequent to the end of 2017, GWL filed a Base Shelf Prospectus allowing for the issuance of up to $1 billion of 
senior and subordinated debt securities, and preferred shares, or any combination thereof over a 25-month 
period. 

Covenants and Regulatory Requirements  Loblaw is subject to certain key financial and non-financial covenants 
under its existing credit facility, unsecured term loan facilities, certain MTNs and letters of credit. These 
covenants, which include interest coverage and leverage ratios, as defined in the respective agreements, are 
measured by Loblaw on a quarterly basis to ensure compliance with these agreements. As at year end 2017 and 
throughout the year, Loblaw was in compliance with each of the covenants under these agreements.

Choice Properties has certain key financial and non-financial covenants under its debentures and credit facility 
which include debt service ratios and leverage ratios. These ratios are measured by Choice Properties on a 
quarterly basis to ensure compliance. As at year end 2017 and throughout the year, Choice Properties was in 
compliance with the covenants under these agreements.

Loblaw is subject to externally imposed capital requirements from the Office of the Superintendent of Financial 
Institutions (“OSFI”), the primary regulator of PC Bank. PC Bank’s capital management objectives are to maintain 
a consistently strong capital position while considering the economic risks generated by its credit card 
receivables portfolio and to meet all regulatory capital requirements as defined by OSFI. PC Bank uses Basel III as 
its regulatory capital management framework, which includes a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a 
Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% and a total capital ratio of 8.0%. In addition to the regulatory capital ratios 
requirement, PC Bank is subject to the Basel III Leverage ratio. PC Bank is also subject to the OSFI’s Guideline on 
118 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (“LARs”). The LARs guideline establishes standards based on the Basel III 
framework, including a Liquidity Coverage Ratio (“LCR”). As at year end 2017 and throughout the year, PC Bank 
has met all applicable regulatory requirements.  

In addition, the Company has wholly-owned subsidiaries that engage in insurance related activities. These 
subsidiaries each exceeded their minimum regulatory capital and surplus requirements as at year end 2017.

Note 27.  Post-Employment and Other Long Term Employee Benefits 

Post-Employment Benefits  The Company sponsors a number of pension plans, including registered defined 
benefit pension plans, registered defined contribution pension plans and supplemental unfunded arrangements 
providing pension benefits in excess of statutory limits. Certain obligations of the Company under these 
supplemental pension arrangements are secured by a standby letter of credit issued by a major Canadian 
chartered bank. 

GWL’s and Loblaw’s Pension Committees (“the Committees”) oversee the Company’s pension plans. The 
Committees are responsible for assisting GWL’s and Loblaw’s Boards in fulfilling their general oversight 
responsibilities for the plans. The Committees assist the Boards with oversight of management’s administration 
of the plans, pension investment and monitoring responsibilities, and compliance with legal and regulatory 
requirements.

The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are primarily funded by the Company, predominantly                    
non-contributory and the benefits are, in general, based on career average earnings subject to limits. The 
funding is based on a solvency valuation for which the assumptions may differ from the assumptions used for 
accounting purposes as detailed in this note.

The Company also offers certain other defined benefit plans other than pension plans. These other defined 
benefit plans are generally not funded, are mainly non-contributory and include health care, life insurance and 
dental benefits. Employees eligible for these other defined benefit plans are those who retire at certain ages 
having met certain service requirements. The majority of other defined benefit plans for current and future 
retirees include a limit on the total benefits payable by the Company. 

The Company’s defined benefit pension plans and other defined benefit plans expose it to a number of actuarial 
risks, such as longevity risk, interest rate risk and market risk. 

In Canada, the Company also has a national defined contribution plan for salaried employees. All newly hired 
salaried employees are only eligible to participate in this defined contribution plan.

The Company also contributes to various MEPPs, which are administered by independent boards of trustees 
generally consisting of an equal number of union and employer representatives. The Company’s responsibility 
to make contributions to these plans is limited by amounts established pursuant to its collective agreements. 

The Company expects to make contributions in 2018 to its defined benefit and defined contribution plans and 
the MEPPs in which it participates as well as make benefit payments to the beneficiaries of the supplemental 
unfunded defined benefit pension plans, other defined benefit plans and other long term employee benefit 
plans.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 119

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Other Long Term Employee Benefits  The Company offers other long term employee benefit plans that include 
long term disability benefits and continuation of health care and dental benefits while on disability.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Defined Benefit Plans

(i) 
Information on the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and other defined benefit plans, in aggregate, is 
summarized as follows:

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
Other
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

$
$

$

$

(158)
(158)

(158)

(158)

Defined 
Benefit
Pension 
Plans
(1,870)
(197)
(2,067)
2,023
(44)
(24)
(68)

154
(222)

$

(158)

Dec. 31, 2016
Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

$
$

$

$

(176)
(176)

(176)

(176)

Defined 
Benefit 
Pension 
Plans
(1,892)
(185)
(2,077)
2,099
22
(27)
(5)

200
(205)

$

(176)

$

$

$

$

$
$

($ millions)
Present value of funded obligations
Present value of unfunded obligations
Total present value of defined benefit obligations
Fair value of plan assets
Total funded status of (obligations) surpluses
Assets not recognized due to asset ceiling
Total net defined benefit plan obligations
Recorded on the consolidated balance sheets 

as follows:
Other assets (note 18)
Other liabilities (note 23)

$

$

$

$

$
$

120 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The following are the continuities of the fair value of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit 
plan obligations:

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined
Benefit 
Plans

2017

Total

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

$ 2,099
57
4
(79)
82

$ 2,099
57
4
(79)
82

$ 2,485
35
4
(108)
97

2016

Total

$ 2,485
35
4
(108)
97

149
(285)
(4)

$ 2,023 $

149
(285)
(4)
— $ 2,023

8
(414)
(8)

$ 2,099 $

8
(414)
(8)
— $ 2,099

($ millions)
Changes in the fair value of plan assets
Fair value, beginning of year
Employer contributions
Employee contributions
Benefits paid
Interest income
Actuarial gains in other comprehensive 

income
Settlements(i)
Other(ii)

Fair value, end of year
Changes in the present value of the 
defined benefit plan obligations

Balance, beginning of year

$ 2,077 $

Current service cost
Interest cost
Benefits paid
Employee contributions
Actuarial losses (gains) in other

comprehensive income 

Settlements(i)
Other(ii)

Balance, end of year

59
84
(89)
4

203
(271)

$ 2,067 $

176 $ 2,253
65
90
(96)
4

6
6
(7)

(23)

180
(271)
—
158 $ 2,225

$ 2,465 $

63
99
(119)
4

(44)
(388)
(3)

$ 2,077 $

166 $ 2,631
68
106
(126)
4

5
7
(7)

5

(39)
(388)
(3)
176 $ 2,253

(i)  Relates to annuity purchases and pension buy-outs completed.
(ii) 

Includes foreign exchange impact on U.S. defined benefit pension plans.

In 2017, the Company completed several annuity purchases with respect to former employees. In 2016, the 
Company also completed several annuity purchases and pension buy-outs with respect to former employees. 
These activities are designed to reduce the Company’s defined benefit pension plan obligations and decrease 
future risks and volatility associated with these obligations. The Company paid $285 million (2016 – $414 million) 
from the impacted plans’ assets to settle $271 million (2016 – $388 million) of pension obligations and recorded 
settlement charges of $14 million (2016 – $26 million) in SG&A. The settlement charges resulted from the 
difference between the amount paid for the annuity purchases and pension buy-outs and the value of the 
Company’s defined benefit plan obligations related to these annuity purchases and buy-outs at the time of the 
settlement.

For the year ended 2017, the actual return on plan assets was $231 million (2016 – $105 million).

The net defined benefit obligation can be allocated to the plans’ participants as follows: 

•  Active plan participants – 55% (2016 – 47%)
•  Deferred plan participants – 10% (2016 – 10%)
•  Retirees – 35% (2016 – 43%)

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 121

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

During 2018, the Company expects to contribute approximately $58 million (2017 – contributed $57 million) to 
its registered defined benefit pension plans. The actual amount paid may vary from the estimate based on 
actuarial valuations being completed, investment performance, volatility in discount rates, regulatory 
requirements and other factors.

The net cost recognized in net earnings before income taxes for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans 
and other defined benefit plans was as follows:

($ millions)
Current service cost
Interest cost on net defined benefit 

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined
Benefit 
Plans

$

59 $

6 $

plan obligations
Settlement charges(i)
Other
Net post-employment defined benefit costs

2
14
4
79 $

6

12 $

$

2017

Total
65

8
14
4
91

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

$

63 $

5 $

2
26
5
96 $

7

12 $

$

2016

Total
68

9
26
5
108

(i)  Relates to annuity purchases and pension buy-outs.

The actuarial losses (gains) recognized in other comprehensive income for defined benefit plans were as follows:

($ millions)
Return on plan assets excluding amounts

included in interest income

Experience adjustments
Actuarial gains from change in
demographic assumptions

Actuarial losses (gains) from change in 

financial assumptions

Change in liability arising from asset ceiling
Total net actuarial losses (gains) recognized 

in other comprehensive income 
before income taxes

Income tax (recoveries) expenses on 

actuarial losses (gains) (note 7)

Actuarial losses (gains) net of income tax

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined
Benefit 
Plans

2017

Total

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

$

(149)

29 $

(28)

$

(149)
1

$

174
(3)

5

—

179
(3)

$

(8)
(10)

(1)

(33) $
9

5

2016

Total

(8)
(10)

(1)

(28)
9

$

51 $

(23) $

28

$

(43) $

5 $

(38)

(14)

6

(8)

11

(1)

10

(recoveries) expenses

$

37 $

(17) $

20

$

(32) $

4 $

(28)

122 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

The cumulative actuarial (gains) losses before income taxes recognized in equity for the Company’s defined 
benefit plans were as follows:

($ millions)
Cumulative amount, beginning of year
Net actuarial losses (gains) recognized in 

the year before income taxes
Cumulative amount, end of year

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

Other 
Defined
Benefit 
Plans

$

$

14 $

(52) $

51
65 $

(23)
(75) $

2017

Total
(38)

28
(10)

Defined
Benefit
Pension
Plans

$

$

57 $

(43)
14 $

Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans
(57) $

5
(52) $

2016

Total
—

(38)
(38)

Composition of Plan Assets  The defined benefit pension plan assets are held in trust and consisted of the 
following asset categories:

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Equity securities

Canadian – pooled funds
– pooled funds
Foreign

Total equity securities
Debt securities

Fixed income securities           – government

                              – corporate

Fixed income pooled funds(i)   

– government

                                  – corporate

Total debt securities
Other investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Total

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

$

$
$
$
$

83
749
832

466
140
433
11
1,050
117
24
2,023

4% $

37%
41% $

23% $

7%
21%
1%

52% $
6% $
1% $
100% $

92
804
896

475
145
439
23
1,082
109
12
2,099

4%
38%
42%

23%
7%
21%
1%
52%
5%
1%
100%

(i)  Both government and corporate securities may be included within the same fixed income pooled fund.

As at year end 2017 and 2016, the defined benefit pension plans did not directly include any GWL or Loblaw 
securities.

All equity and debt securities and other investments are valued based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active 
markets for identical assets or liabilities or based on inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are 
observable for the asset or liability, either directly as prices or indirectly, either derived from prices or as per 
agreements for contractual returns.

The Company’s asset allocation reflects a balance of interest rate sensitive investments, such as fixed income 
investments, and equities, which are expected to provide higher returns over the long term. The Company’s 
targeted asset allocations are actively monitored and adjusted on a plan by plan basis to align the asset mix with 
the liability profiles of the plans.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 123

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Principal Actuarial Assumptions  The principal actuarial assumptions used in calculating the Company’s defined 
benefit plan obligations and net defined benefit plan cost for the year were as follows (expressed as weighted 
averages):

Defined 
Benefit
Pension 
Plans

2017
Other
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

3.50%

3.50%

n/a
CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv

3.00%

Defined 
Benefit 
Pension 
Plans

4.00%

3.00%

CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv

2016
Other 
Defined 
Benefit 
Plans

3.75%

n/a
CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv

Generational

Generational

Generational

Generational

4.00%

3.75%

4.00%

4.00%

n/a
CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv

3.00%

n/a
CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv CPM-RPP2014Pub/Priv

3.50%

Generational

Generational

Generational

Generational

Defined Benefit Plan

Obligations
Discount rate
Rate of compensation

increase

Mortality table(i)

Net Defined Benefit

Plan Cost
Discount rate
Rate of compensation

increase

Mortality table(i)

n/a – not applicable

(i)  Public or private sector mortality table is used depending on the prominent demographics of each plan.

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligations as at year end 2017 is 17.4 years                              
(2016 – 17.4 years). 

The growth rate of health care costs, primarily drug and other medical costs, for the other defined benefit plan 
obligations as at year end 2017 was estimated at 4.50% and is expected to remain at 4.50% by year end 2018 
and thereafter.

124 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Sensitivity of Key Actuarial Assumptions  The following table outlines the key assumptions for 2017 (expressed 
as weighted averages) and the sensitivity of a 1% change in each of these assumptions on the defined benefit 
plan obligations and the net defined benefit plan cost. 

The sensitivity analysis provided in the table is hypothetical and should be used with caution. The sensitivities of 
each key assumption have been calculated independently of any changes in other key assumptions. Actual 
experience may result in changes in a number of key assumptions simultaneously. Changes in one factor may 
result in changes in another, which could amplify or reduce the impact of such assumptions.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Other Defined Benefit Plans

Increase (Decrease)
($ millions)
Discount rate
Impact of:

1% increase
1% decrease
Expected growth rate of health care costs
Impact of:

1% increase
1% decrease

Defined 
Benefit                    

Net                    

Plan   

Obligations
3.50%
(332)
398

$
$

$
$

Defined   
Benefit   

Plan Cost(i)
4.00%
(30)
29

Defined  
Benefit     
Plan
Obligations
3.50%
(20)
25
4.50%
17
(14)

$
$

$
$

Net           

Defined     
Benefit    

Plan Cost(i)
3.75%

4.50%
2
(1)

$
$

n/a
n/a

n/a
n/a

n/a – not applicable
(i)  Discount rate and expected growth rate of health care costs sensitivity is for current service and interest costs only.

(ii)  Multi-Employer Pension Plans
During 2017, the Company recognized an expense of $67 million (2016 – $66 million) in operating income, which 
represents the contributions made in connection with MEPPs. During 2017, the Company expects to continue to 
make contributions into these MEPPs. 

Loblaw, together with its franchises, is the largest participating employer in the Canadian Commercial Workers 
Industry Pension Plan (“CCWIPP”), with approximately 54,000 (2016 – 53,000) employees as members. Included 
in the 2017 expense described above are contributions of $65 million (2016 – $65 million) to CCWIPP.

(iii)  Post-Employment and Other Long Term Employee Benefit Costs 
The net cost recognized in net earnings before income taxes for the Company’s post-employment and other long 
term employee benefit plans was as follows:

($ millions)
Net post-employment defined benefit cost(i)
Defined contribution costs(ii)
Multi-employer pension plan costs(iii)
Total net post-employment benefit costs
Other long term employee benefit costs(iv)
Net post-employment and other long term employee benefit costs
Recorded on the consolidated statements of earnings as follows:

Operating income (note 29)
Net interest expense and other financing charges (note 6)

Net post-employment and other long term employee benefits costs

2017
91
32
67
190
29
219

208
11
219

$

$

$

$

$

2016
108
30
66
204
25
229

217
12
229

$

$

$

$

$

Includes settlement charges of $14 million (2016 – $26 million) related to annuity purchases and pension buy-outs.

(i) 
(ii)  Amounts represent the Company’s contributions made in connection with defined contribution plans.
(iii)  Amounts represent the Company’s contributions made in connection with MEPPs.
(iv)  Other long term employee benefit costs include $3 million (2016 – $3 million) of net interest expense and other financing charges.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 125

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 28.  Share-Based Compensation 

The Company’s share-based compensation arrangements include stock option plans, RSU plans, PSU plans, DSU 
plans, EDSU plans and Choice Properties’ unit-based compensation plans. The Company’s costs recognized in 
SG&A related to its share-based compensation arrangements in 2017 were $72 million (2016 – $77 million).

The following is the carrying amount of the Company’s share-based compensation arrangements:

($ millions)
Trade payables and other liabilities
Other liabilities (note 23)
Contributed surplus

As at

Dec. 31, 2017
11
$
4
$
132
$

Dec. 31, 2016
10
$
4
$
133
$

Details related to the share-based compensation plans of GWL and Loblaw are as follows:

Stock Option Plans  GWL maintains a stock option plan for certain employees. Under this plan, GWL may grant 
options for up to 6,453,726 of its common shares.

Loblaw maintains a stock option plan for certain employees. Under this plan, Loblaw may grant options for up 
to 28,137,162 of its common shares.

The following is a summary of GWL’s stock option plan activity: 

Outstanding options, beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited/cancelled
Outstanding options, end of year
Options exercisable, end of year

2017
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
82.65
112.54
74.62
92.87
87.41
76.81

$
$
$
$
$
$

Options
 (number
of shares)
1,662,855
166,058
(293,976)
(7,812)
1,527,125
851,666

2016
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
78.42
112.06
71.17
98.97
82.65
73.69

$
$
$
$
$
$

Options
 (number
of shares)
1,532,828
218,263
(54,921)
(33,315)
1,662,855
871,302

The following table summarizes information about GWL’s outstanding stock options:

Outstanding Options

2017
Exercisable Options  

Number of
Options
Outstanding
572,252
580,877
373,996
1,527,125

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
2
4
6

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
67.92
90.63
112.24
87.41

$
$
$
$

Number of
Exercisable
Options
520,429
289,888
41,349
851,666

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price/Share 
67.34
88.81
111.93
76.81

$
$
$
$

Range of Exercise Prices ($)
$59.74 - $77.83
$77.84 - $101.88
$101.89 - $123.73

During 2017, GWL issued common shares on the exercise of stock options with a weighted average market share 
price of $109.91 (2016 – $114.14) per common share and received $22 million (2016 – $4 million) of cash 
consideration.
126 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

During 2017, GWL granted stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $112.54 (2016 – $112.06) per 
common share and a fair value of $2 million (2016 – $3 million). The assumptions used to measure the grant 
date fair value of the GWL options granted during the years ended under the Black-Scholes stock option 
valuation model were as follows:

Expected dividend yield
Expected share price volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected life of options

2017
1.6%
15.3% - 17.1%
1.0% - 1.9%
4.6 - 6.6 years

2016
1.5%
16.5% - 18.1%
0.6% - 1.2%
4.7 - 6.7 years

Estimated forfeiture rates are incorporated into the measurement of stock option plan expense. The forfeiture 
rate applied as at year end 2017 was 0.7% (2016 – 1.3%).

The following is a summary of Loblaw’s stock option plan activity:

Outstanding options, beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited/cancelled
Outstanding options, end of year
Options exercisable, end of year

2017
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
48.93
70.02
39.98
64.74
53.77
43.57

$
$
$
$
$
$

Options
 (number
of shares)
7,322,358
1,584,407
(1,019,610)
(399,381)
7,487,774
3,847,491

2016
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
43.77
68.97
37.16
52.77
48.93
40.33

$
$
$
$
$
$

Options
 (number
of shares)
7,411,405
1,285,649
(1,131,944)
(242,752)
7,322,358
3,384,188

The following table summarizes information about Loblaw’s outstanding stock options:

Outstanding Options

2017
Exercisable Options

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years)
1
2
5

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price/Share
34.97
43.03
67.58
53.77

$
$
$
$

Number of
Exercisable
Options
1,527,978
1,617,683
701,830
3,847,491

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price/Share 
34.97
42.30
65.24
43.57

$
$
$
$

Number of
Options
Outstanding
1,527,978
2,187,451
3,772,345
7,487,774

Range of Exercise Prices ($)
$32.47 - $38.62
$38.63 - $51.85
$51.86 - $77.81

During 2017, Loblaw issued common shares on the exercise of stock options with a weighted average 
market share price of $70.98 (2016 – $70.19) per common share and received cash consideration of $41 million 
(2016 – $42 million).

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 127

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

During 2017, Loblaw granted stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $70.02 (2016 – $68.97) per 
common share and a fair value of $15 million (2016 – $13 million). The assumptions used to measure the grant 
date fair value of the Loblaw options granted during the years ended as indicated under the Black-Scholes stock 
option valuation model were as follows:

Expected dividend yield
Expected share price volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected life of options

2017
1.5%
16.0% - 18.2%
0.9% - 1.7%
3.8 - 6.3 years

2016
1.5%
17.7% - 19.0%
0.6% - 1.1%
3.8 - 6.3 years

Estimated forfeiture rates are incorporated into the measurement of stock option plan expense. The forfeiture 
rate applied as at year end 2017 was 10.0% (2016 – 10.0%).

Restricted Share Unit Plans  The following is a summary of GWL’s and Loblaw’s RSU plan activity:

(Number of awards)
Outstanding RSUs, beginning of year
Granted
Reinvested
Settled
Forfeited
Outstanding RSUs, end of year

GWL

Loblaw

2017
213,084
58,325
656
(74,875)
(13,230)
183,960

2016
202,276
69,890

(52,992)
(6,090)
213,084

2017
858,106
337,846
4,418
(323,894)
(51,771)
824,705

2016
887,792
283,962

(295,403)
(18,245)
858,106

The fair value of GWL’s and Loblaw’s RSUs granted during 2017 was $6 million (2016 – $8 million) and $24 million 
(2016 – $19 million), respectively.

Performance Share Unit Plans  The following is a summary of GWL’s and Loblaw’s PSU plan activity:

(Number of awards)
Outstanding PSUs, beginning of year
Granted
Reinvested
Settled
Forfeited
Outstanding PSUs, end of year

GWL

Loblaw

2017
127,866
24,924
288
(40,820)
(11,995)
100,263

2016
135,025
50,654

(54,046)
(3,767)
127,866

2017
965,863
404,150
3,152
(687,007)
(54,630)
631,528

2016
1,100,356
373,844

(492,929)
(15,408)
965,863

The fair value of GWL’s and Loblaw’s PSUs granted during 2017 was $3 million (2016 – $4 million) and $16 million 
(2016 – $14 million), respectively.

Settlement of Awards from Shares Held in Trusts  The following table summarizes GWL’s settlement of RSUs and 
PSUs from shares held in trusts for the years ended as indicated:

(Number of awards)
Settled 
Released from trusts (note 24)

2017
115,695
108,394

2016
107,038
107,038

128 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

During 2017, the settlement of awards from shares held in trusts resulted in an increase of $9 million                  
(2016 – $7 million) in retained earnings. There were nominal increases in share capital in 2017 and 2016 
related to these settlements. 

Director Deferred Share Unit Plans  The following is a summary of GWL’s and Loblaw’s DSU plan activity: 

(Number of awards)
Outstanding DSUs, beginning of year
Granted
Reinvested
Settled
Outstanding DSUs, end of year

GWL

Loblaw

2017
191,232
16,373
3,043
(33,960)
176,688

2016
190,741
18,168
2,864
(20,541)
191,232

2017
188,202
29,289
3,181

220,672

2016
183,722
27,784
2,773
(26,077)
188,202

The fair value of GWL’s and Loblaw’s DSUs granted during 2017 was $2 million (2016 – $2 million) and $2 million 
(2016 – $2 million), respectively.

Executive Deferred Share Unit Plans  The following is a summary of GWL’s and Loblaw’s EDSU plan activity: 

(Number of awards)
Outstanding EDSUs, beginning of year
Granted
Reinvested
Settled
Outstanding EDSUs, end of year

GWL

Loblaw

2017
45,199
1,955
716
(3,023)
44,847

2016
35,312
9,193
694

45,199

2017
35,559
16,558
686
(5,509)
47,294

2016
24,023
15,383
434
(4,281)
35,559

The fair value of GWL’s and Loblaw’s EDSUs granted during 2017 was nominal (2016 – $1 million) and $1 million 
(2016 – $1 million), respectively.

Note 29.  Employee Costs 

Included in operating income were the following employee costs:

($ millions)
Wages, salaries and other short term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits (note 27)
Other long term employee benefits (note 27)
Share-based compensation (note 28)
Capitalized to fixed assets
Employee costs

2017
5,962
182
26
68
(46)
6,192

$

$

2016
5,702
195
22
72
(42)
5,949

$

$

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 129

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 30.   Leases 

The Company leases certain of Loblaw’s retail stores, Weston Foods’ and Loblaw’s distribution centres, corporate 
offices, and other assets under operating or finance lease arrangements. Substantially all of Loblaw’s retail store 
leases have renewal options for additional terms. The contingent rents under certain of Loblaw’s retail store 
leases are based on a percentage of Loblaw’s Retail segment sales. The Company also has properties which are 
sub-leased to third parties. 

Determining whether a lease arrangement is classified as finance or operating requires judgment with respect to 
the fair value of the leased asset, the economic life of the lease, the discount rate and the allocation of leasehold 
interests between the land and building elements of property leases.

Operating Leases – As Lessee  Future minimum lease payments relating to the Company’s operating leases are 
as follows:

($ millions)

Operating lease
payments

Sub-lease income
Net operating lease

payments

$

$

2018

2019

Payments due by year
2021

2020

2022 Thereafter

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

As at

699 $

656 $

583 $

509 $

429 $

1,866

(56)

(46)

(34)

(31)

(29)

(104)

643 $

610 $

549 $

478 $

400 $

1,762

$

$

4,742

(300)

4,442

$

$

5,406

(274)

5,132

In 2017, the Company recorded operating lease expenses of $704 million (2016 – $699 million) and sub-lease 
income of $55 million (2016 – $51 million) in operating income. In addition, contingent rent expense in respect 
of operating leases and contingent rental income in respect of sub-leased operating leases were $1 million       
(2016 – $2 million) and $3 million (2016 – $4 million), respectively, and were also recognized in operating 
income.

Operating Leases – As Lessor  Future minimum lease payments to be received by Loblaw relating to properties 
that are leased to third parties are as follows:

($ millions)

Net operating 
lease income

Payments to be received by year

As at

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022 Thereafter

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

125 $

103 $

89 $

75 $

69 $

219

$

680

$

726

130 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

As at year end 2017, Loblaw leased certain owned land and buildings with a cost of $2,974 million (2016 – 
$2,721 million) and related accumulated depreciation of $796 million (2016 – $759 million). For the year ended 
2017, rental income was $131 million (2016 – $138 million) and contingent rent was $2 million (2016 – 
$4 million), both of which were recognized in operating income. 

Finance Leases – As Lessee  Future minimum lease payments relating to Loblaw’s finance leases are as follows:

($ millions)

Finance lease
payments
Less future 

finance charges

Present value 
of minimum 
lease payments

2018

2019

Payments due by year
2021

2020

2022 Thereafter

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

As at

$

71 $

64 $

59 $

57 $

57 $

606

$

914

$

989

(27)

(24)

(23)

(25)

(24)

(223)

(346)

(382)

$

44 $

40 $

36 $

32 $

33 $

383

$

568

$

607

In 2017, contingent rent recognized by Loblaw as an expense in respect of finance leases was $1 million                   
(2016 – $1 million).

Certain assets classified as finance leases have been sub-leased by Loblaw to third parties. Future sub-lease 
income relating to these sub-lease agreements are as follows:

($ millions)

2018

2019

2020

2021

Sub-lease income

$

14 $

13 $

11 $

7 $

2022 Thereafter
8

6 $

Dec. 31, 2017
59
$

Dec. 31, 2016
77
$

Payments to be received by year

As at

In 2017, the sub-lease income earned under finance leases was $15 million (2016 – $15 million).

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 131

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 31.  Financial Instruments 

The following table presents the fair values and fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments and 
excludes financial instruments measured at amortized cost that are short term in nature. The carrying values of 
the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values except for long term debt.

($ millions)

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

   As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Short term investments
Security deposits
Franchise loans receivable
Certain other assets
Derivatives included in accounts receivable
Derivatives included in prepaid expenses and

other assets

Derivatives included in other assets
Financial liabilities
Long term debt
Trust Unit liability
Certain other liabilities
Derivatives included in trade payables and

other liabilities

$

892
297
86

$ 1,142
816

20
(2)

3

634

$

166
23

24
(7)

2

18

435

13,103

11

$ 2,034
1,113
86
166
67
(9)

5

435

13,103
634
18

11

$

892
341
89

$

668
670

23
(1)

7

21
7

11

368

12,856

635

$ 1,560
1,011
89
233
86
6

18

368

12,856
635
22

2

$

233
42

22

2

There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during 2017 and 2016.

During 2017, a loss of $6 million (2016 – gain of $5 million) was recognized in operating income on financial 
instruments designated as fair value through profit or loss. In addition, a net loss of $3 million (2016 – 
$124 million) was recognized in earnings before income taxes on financial instruments required to be classified 
as fair value through profit or loss.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short Term Investments and Security Deposits  As at year end 2017, the Company 
had cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security deposits of $3,233 million (2016 – 
$2,660 million), including U.S. dollars of $573 million (2016 – $545 million) that was held primarily by Dunedin 
Holdings GmbH (“Dunedin”), a subsidiary of GWL, and certain of its affiliates (see note 9).

In 2017, a loss of $64 million (2016 – $20 million) was recognized in other comprehensive income related to the 
effect of foreign currency translation on the Company’s U.S. net investment in foreign operations. 

In addition, in 2017, a loss of $34 million (2016 – $2 million) was recorded in SG&A related to the effect of 
foreign currency translation on a portion of the U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents and short 
term investments held by foreign operations that have the same functional currency as that of the Company.

Level 3 Financial Instruments

Franchise Loans Receivable and Franchise Investments in Other Assets  As at year end 2017, the value of Loblaw 
franchise loans receivable of $166 million (2016 – $233 million) was recorded on the consolidated balance 
sheets. In 2017, Loblaw recorded a gain of $8 million (2016 – loss of $1 million) in operating income related to 
these loans receivable.

As at year end 2017, the value of Loblaw franchise investments was $20 million (2016 – $39 million) and was 
recorded in other assets. During 2017, Loblaw recorded a gain of $2 million (2016 – $4 million) in operating 
income related to these investments.

132 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Embedded Derivatives  The Level 3 financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss consist of 
Loblaw embedded derivatives on purchase orders placed in neither Canadian dollars nor the functional currency 
of the vendor. These derivatives are valued using a market approach based on the differential in exchange rates 
and timing of settlement. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement is the cost of 
purchase orders. Significant increases (decreases) in any one of the inputs would result in a significantly higher 
(lower) fair value measurement.

In 2017, a fair value gain of $4 million (2016 – $5 million) was recognized in operating income related to these 
derivatives. In addition, as at year end 2017, a corresponding asset of $2 million was included in prepaid 
expenses and other assets (2016 – $2 million liability included in trade payable and other liabilities). A 1% 
increase in foreign currency exchange rates would result in an additional gain of $1 million in fair value and a 1% 
decrease in foreign currency exchange rates would result in an additional loss of $2 million in fair value.

Equity Derivative Contracts  As at year end 2017, Weston Holdings Limited (“WHL”), a subsidiary of GWL, held an 
outstanding equity forward sale agreement based on 9.6 million Loblaw common shares at an original forward 
price of $48.50 per Loblaw common share. As at year end 2017, the forward price had increased to $113.45 
(2016 – $109.26) per Loblaw common share under the terms of the agreement. In 2017, a fair value gain of 
$25 million (2016 – loss of $53 million) was recorded in net interest expense and other financing charges related 
to this agreement (see note 6).

Trust Unit Liability In 2017, a fair value gain of $7 million (2016 – loss of $79 million) was recognized in net 
interest expense and other financing charges (see note 6).

Other Derivatives  The Company uses bond forwards and interest rate swaps, to manage its anticipated 
exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on future debt issuances. The Company also uses futures, options and 
forward contracts to manage its anticipated exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and exchange rates in 
its underlying operations. The following is a summary of the fair values recognized in the consolidated balance 
sheet and the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) before income taxes related to the Company’s other 
derivatives:

($ millions)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(i)
Foreign Exchange Forwards
Bond Forwards(ii)
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Derivatives not designated in a formal hedging relationship

Foreign Exchange Futures and Forwards

Other Non-Financial Derivatives

Total derivatives not designated in a formal hedging relationship

Total derivatives

Net asset
(liability)
fair value

Gain/(loss)
recorded in
OCI

Dec. 31, 2017

Gain/(loss)
recorded in
operating
income

$

(1) $

(1)

(17)

1

(16)

(17)

(3) $
6
3

—

3

1

1

(36)

(3)

(39)

(38)

(i) 

(ii) 

Includes interest rate swap agreement with a notional value of $100 million. In 2017, a nominal unrealized fair value loss was 
recorded in OCI relating to these agreements.
In 2017, as a result of the issuance of Eagle notes, bond forward agreements with a notional value of $200 million were settled 
(note 22).

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 133

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

($ millions)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges(i)
Foreign Exchange Forwards
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Derivatives not designated in a formal hedging relationship

Foreign Exchange Futures and Forwards
Bond Forwards(ii)
Other Non-Financial Derivatives

Total derivatives not designated in a formal hedging relationship

Total derivatives

Net asset
(liability)
fair value

Gain/(loss)
recorded in
OCI

Dec. 31, 2016

Gain/(loss)
recorded in
operating
income

$

2
2

16

6

22

24

$

(1) $
(1)

—

(1)

2
2

(9)

3

11

5

7

(i) 

Includes bond forward agreements with a notional value of $95 million, which were settled within 2016, and interest rate swap 
agreements with a notional value of $200 million. In 2016, a nominal unrealized fair value gain was recorded in OCI relating to these 
agreements.

(ii)  Represents a realized fair value gain of $3 million related to Choice Properties bond forward agreements settled in 2016 and 

recorded in net interest expense and other financing charges (see note 6).

Note 32.  Financial Risk Management 

As a result of holding and issuing financial instruments, the Company is exposed to certain risks. The following is 
a description of those risks and how the exposures are managed:

Liquidity Risk  Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to generate or obtain sufficient cash or its 
equivalents in a cost effective manner to fund its obligations as they come due. The Company is exposed to 
liquidity risk through, among other areas, PC Bank and its credit card business, which requires a reliable source 
of funding for its credit card business. PC Bank relies on its securitization programs and the acceptance of GIC 
deposits to fund the receivables of its credit cards. The Company would experience liquidity risk if it fails to 
maintain appropriate levels of cash and short term investments, is unable to access sources of funding or fails to 
appropriately diversify sources of funding. If any of these events were to occur, they could adversely affect the 
financial performance of the Company. 

Liquidity risk is mitigated by maintaining appropriate levels of cash and cash equivalents and short term 
investments, actively monitoring market conditions, and by diversifying sources of funding, including the 
Company’s committed credit facilities, and maintaining a well diversified maturity profile of debt and capital 
obligations.  

134 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Maturity Analysis  The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities as 
at December 31, 2017:

($ millions)

Long term debt including 
interest payments(i)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Total(ii)

$

2,087 $

2,533 $

1,712 $

982 $

1,239 $

7,822 $ 16,375

Foreign exchange forward contracts
Short term debt (note 21)
Bank indebtedness
Certain other liabilities

511
1,258
110
3

2

3

3

511
1,258
110
11

$

3,969 $

2,535 $

1,715 $

985 $

1,239 $

7,822 $ 18,265

(i) 

Fixed interest payments are based on the maturing face values and annual interest for each instrument, including GICs, long term 
independent securitization trusts and an independent funding trust, as well as annual payment obligations for consolidated 
structured entities, mortgages and finance lease obligations. Variable interest payments are based on the forward rates as at year 
end 2017.

(ii)  The Trust Unit liability has been excluded as this liability does not have a contractual maturity date. The Company also excluded trade 

payables and other liabilities which are due within the next 12 months.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk  The Company’s consolidated financial statements are expressed in 
Canadian dollars, however a portion of the Company’s (excluding Loblaw’s) net assets are denominated in U.S. 
dollars through both its net investment in foreign operations in the U.S. and its foreign subsidiaries held by 
Dunedin and certain of its affiliates with a functional currency that is the same as that of the Company. The U.S. 
dollar denominated net assets are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency exchange rate in effect 
at the balance sheet date. As a result, the Company is exposed to foreign currency translation gains and losses. 
Those gains and losses arising from the translation of the U.S. dollar denominated assets of foreign subsidiaries 
with a functional currency that is the same as that of the Company are included in operating income, while 
translation gains and losses on the net investment in foreign operations in the U.S. are recorded in accumulated 
other comprehensive income (loss). The Company estimates that based on the U.S. net assets held by foreign 
operations that have the same functional currency as that of the Company at the end of 2017, an appreciation of 
the Canadian dollar of one cent relative to the U.S. dollar would result in a loss of $6 million in earnings before 
income taxes.

Revenues and expenses of all foreign operations are translated into Canadian dollars at the foreign currency 
exchange rates that approximate the rates in effect at the dates when such items are recognized. An appreciating 
U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar will positively impact operating income and net earnings, while a 
depreciating U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar will have the opposite impact.  

Weston Foods and Loblaw are also exposed to fluctuations in the prices of U.S. dollar denominated purchases 
as a result of changes in U.S. dollar exchange rates. A depreciating Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar will 
negatively impact operating income and net earnings, while an appreciating Canadian dollar relative to the 
U.S. dollar will have the opposite impact. Weston Foods and Loblaw entered into derivative instruments in the 
form of futures contracts and forward contracts to manage their current and anticipated exposure to 
fluctuations in U.S. dollar exchange rates.

Credit Risk  The Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from the possibility that counterparties could default 
on their financial obligations to the Company including derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, short 
term investments, security deposits, PC Bank’s credit card receivables, Loblaw’s franchise loans receivable, 
pension assets held in the Company’s defined benefit plans, Loblaw’s accounts receivable including amounts due 
from franchisees, government, prescription sales and third-party drug plans, independent accounts and amounts 
owed from vendors, and other receivables from Weston Foods’ customers and suppliers. Failure to manage 
credit risk could adversely affect the financial performance of the Company. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 135

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The risk related to derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and security 
deposits is reduced by policies and guidelines that require that the Company enters into transactions only with 
counterparties or issuers that have a minimum long term “A-” credit rating from a recognized credit rating 
agency and place minimum and maximum limits for exposures to specific counterparties and instruments. 

Choice Properties mitigates the risk of credit loss relating to rent receivables by evaluating the creditworthiness 
of new tenants, obtaining security deposits wherever permitted by legislation, ensuring its tenant mix is 
diversified and by limiting its exposure to any one tenant except Loblaw. Choice Properties establishes an 
allowance for doubtful accounts that represents the estimated losses with respect to rents receivable. The 
allowance is determined on a tenant-by-tenant basis based on the specific factors related to the tenant. 

PC Bank manages its credit card receivable risk by employing stringent credit scoring techniques, actively 
monitoring the credit card portfolio and reviewing techniques and technology that can improve the effectiveness 
of the collection process. In addition, these receivables are dispersed among a large, diversified group of credit 
card customers. 

Loblaw’s franchise loans receivable and Loblaw’s accounts receivable including amounts due from franchisees, 
governments, prescription sales covered by third-party drug plans, independent accounts and amounts owed 
from vendors, and other receivables from Weston Foods’ customers and suppliers, are actively monitored on an 
ongoing basis and settled on a frequent basis in accordance with the terms specified in the applicable 
agreements. 

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk as it relates to derivative instruments is approximated by the 
positive fair market value of the derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets (see note 31). 

Refer to notes 10 and 11 for additional information on the credit quality performance of Loblaw’s credit card 
receivables and other receivables, mentioned above, of Loblaw and Weston Foods.

Common Share and Trust Unit Price Risk  Changes in the Loblaw common share price impact the Company’s net 
interest expense and other financing charges. The obligation of WHL under the equity forward sale agreement 
based on 9.6 million Loblaw common shares, which matures in 2031, is secured by the underlying Loblaw 
common shares. If the market value of the underlying Loblaw common shares exceeds the obligation of WHL 
under this forward, a portion of the proceeds from a future sale of these shares may be used to satisfy the 
obligation under this forward contract upon termination or maturity. At maturity, if the forward price is greater 
(less) than the market price of the Loblaw common shares, WHL will receive (pay) cash equal to the difference 
between the notional value and the market value of the forward contract. A one dollar increase in the market 
value of the underlying shares of the equity forward, with all other variables held constant, would result in an 
increase of $10 million in net interest expense and other financing charges. 

The Company is exposed to market price risk from Choice Properties’ Trust Units that are held by unitholders 
other than the Company. These Trust Units are presented as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance 
sheets as they are redeemable for cash at the option of the holders. The liability is recorded at fair value at each 
reporting period based on the market price of Trust Units. The change in the fair value of the liability negatively 
impacts net earnings when the Trust Unit price increases and positively impacts net earnings when the Trust Unit 
price declines. A one dollar increase in the market value of Trust Units, with all other variables held constant, 
would result in an increase of $47 million in net interest expense and other financing charges.

Interest Rate Risk  The Company is exposed to interest rate risk from fluctuations in interest rates on its floating 
rate debt and from the refinancing of existing financial instruments. The Company manages interest rate risk by 
monitoring the respective mix of fixed and floating rate debt and by taking action as necessary to maintain an 
appropriate balance considering current market conditions, with the objective of maintaining the majority of its 
debt at fixed interest rates. The Company estimates that a 100 basis point increase (decrease) in short term 
interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would result in a decrease (increase) of $11 million in net 
interest expense and other financing charges.

136 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Commodity Price Risk  Weston Foods’ costs are directly impacted by fluctuations in the prices of commodity 
linked raw materials such as wheat flours, sugars, vegetable oils, cocoa powders and chocolate. Loblaw is also 
exposed to fluctuations in the commodity prices as a result of the indirect effect of changing commodity prices 
on the price of consumer products. In addition, both Weston Foods and Loblaw are exposed to increases in the 
prices of energy in operating, in the case of Weston Foods, its bakeries and distribution networks, and, in the 
case of Loblaw, its stores and distribution networks. Both Weston Foods and Loblaw use purchase commitments 
and derivative instruments in the form of futures contracts, option contracts and forward contracts to manage 
their current and anticipated exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. The Company estimates that based 
on the outstanding derivative contracts held by the Company as at year end 2017, a 10% decrease in relevant 
commodity prices, with all other variables held constant, would result in a net loss of $6 million in earnings 
before income taxes. This amount excludes the offsetting impact of the commodity price risk inherent in the 
transactions being hedged.

Note 33.  Contingent Liabilities 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in and potentially subject to legal actions and 
proceedings. In addition, the Company is subject to tax audits from various tax authorities on an ongoing basis. 
As a result, from time to time, tax authorities may disagree with the positions and conclusions taken by the 
Company in its tax filings or legislation could be amended or interpretations of current legislation could change, 
any of these events could lead to reassessments. 

There are a number of uncertainties involved in such matters, individually or in aggregate, and as such, there is a 
possibility that the ultimate resolution of these matters may result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
reputation, operations or financial condition or performance in future periods. It is not currently possible to 
predict the outcome of the Company’s legal actions and proceedings with certainly. Management regularly 
assesses its position on the adequacy of such accruals or provisions and will make any necessary adjustments.

The following is a description of the Company’s significant legal proceedings:

On August 26, 2015, the Company was served with a proposed class action, which was commenced in the 
Ontario Superior Court of Justice (“the Court”) against the Company, Loblaw and certain of its subsidiaries 
and others in connection with the collapse of the Rana Plaza complex in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013. The claim 
seeks approximately $2 billion in damages. The Company believes this proceeding is without merit and is 
vigorously defending it. The Company does not currently have any significant accruals or provisions for this 
matter recorded in the consolidated financial statements.

Shoppers Drug Mart has been served with an Amended Statement of Claim in a class action proceeding that 
has been filed in the Court by two licensed Associates, claiming various declarations and damages resulting 
from Shoppers Drug Mart’s alleged breaches of the Associate Agreement, in the amount of $500 million. The 
class action comprises all of Shoppers Drug Mart’s current and former licensed Associates residing in Canada, 
other than in Québec, who are parties to Shoppers Drug Mart’s 2002 and 2010 forms of the Associate 
Agreement. On July 9, 2013, the Court certified as a class proceeding portions of the action. The Court 
imposed a class closing date based on the date of certification. New Associates after July 9, 2013 are not 
members of the class. Loblaw believes this claim is without merit and is vigorously defending it. Loblaw does 
not currently have any significant accruals or provisions for this matters recorded in the consolidated financial 
statements.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 137

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Loblaw was reassessed by the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) and the Ontario Ministry of Finance on the basis 
that certain income earned by Glenhuron Bank Limited (“Glenhuron”), a wholly owned Barbadian subsidiary, 
should be treated and taxed as income in Canada. The reassessments, which were received in 2015 and 2017, 
are for the 2000 to 2012 taxation years totaling $406 million including interest and penalties.  Loblaw believes 
the reassessment are without merit and is vigorously defending them. Loblaw believes it is likely that the CRA 
will issue reassessments for the 2013 taxation years on the same or similar basis. Loblaw has filed a Notice of 
Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada for the 2000 to 2010 taxation years and a Notice of Objection for the 2011 
and 2012 taxation years. The Tax Court of Canada is scheduled to commence in the second quarter of 2018. 
Loblaw does not currently have any significant accruals or provisions for this matter recorded in the consolidated 
financial statements.

On December 19, 2017, the Company and Loblaw announced actions taken to address their role in an industry-
wide price-fixing arrangement involving certain packaged bread products. The arrangement involved the 
coordination of retail and wholesale prices of certain packaged bread products over a period extending from late 
2001 to March 2015. Under the arrangement, the participants regularly increased prices on a coordinated basis. 

Class action lawsuits have been commenced against the Company and Loblaw as well as a number of other 
major grocery retailers and another bread wholesaler. It is too early to predict the outcome of such legal 
proceedings. Neither the Company nor Loblaw believes that the ultimate resolution of such legal proceedings 
will have a material adverse impact on their financial condition or prospects. The Company and Loblaw’s cash 
balances far exceed any realistic damages scenario and therefore the Company and Loblaw do not anticipate any 
impacts on the Company and Loblaw’s dividend, dividend policy or Loblaw’s share buyback plan.  

The Company and Loblaw have not recorded any amounts related to the potential civil liability associated with 
the class action lawsuits in the fourth quarter of 2017 on the basis that a reliable estimate of the liability cannot 
be determined at this time. The Company and Loblaw will continue to assess whether a provision for civil liability 
associated with the class action lawsuits can be reliably estimated and will record an amount in the period that a 
reliable estimate of liability can be determined or the matter is ultimately resolved.  

As part of its response to this issue, Loblaw has announced the Loblaw Card Program pursuant to which Loblaw 
is offering a $25 Loblaw Card to eligible customers. The Loblaw Card can be used to purchase items sold in 
Loblaw grocery stores across Canada. Loblaw has recorded a charge of $107 million in relation to the Loblaw 
Card Program in the fourth quarter of 2017. The Company and Loblaw expect that Loblaw Cards issued to 
customers will be an offset against civil liability. The charge recorded for the Loblaw Card Program should not be 
viewed as an estimate of damages. 

As a result of their admission that they participated in the arrangement and their cooperation in the Competition 
Bureau’s investigation, the Company and Loblaw will not face criminal charges or penalties. 

Indemnification Provisions  The Company from time to time enters into agreements in the normal course of 
its business, such as service and outsourcing arrangements, lease agreements in connection with business or 
asset acquisitions or dispositions, and other types of commercial agreements. These agreements by their nature 
may provide for indemnification of counterparties. These indemnification provisions may be in connection with 
breaches of representations and warranties or in respect of future claims for certain liabilities, including liabilities 
related to tax and environmental matters. The terms of these indemnification provisions vary in duration and 
may extend for an unlimited period of time. In addition, the terms of these indemnification provisions vary in 
amount and certain indemnification provisions do not provide for a maximum potential indemnification amount. 
Indemnity amounts are dependent on the outcome of future contingent events, the nature and likelihood of 
which cannot be determined at this time. As a result, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate its total 
maximum potential liability in respect of indemnification provisions. Historically, the Company has not made any 
significant payments in connection with these indemnification provisions.

138 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 34.  Financial Guarantees 

The Company established letters of credit used in connection with certain obligations mainly related to real 
estate transactions, benefit programs, purchase orders and guarantees with a gross potential liability of 
approximately $424 million (2016 – $417 million). In addition, Loblaw has provided to third parties the following 
significant guarantees:

Associate Guarantees  Loblaw has arranged for its Associates to obtain financing to facilitate their inventory 
purchases and fund their working capital requirements by providing guarantees to various Canadian 
chartered banks that support Associate loans. As at year end 2017, Loblaw’s maximum obligation in respect of 
such guarantees was $580 million (2016 – $580 million) with an aggregate amount of $509 million (2016 – 
$488 million) in available lines of credit was allocated to the Associates by the various banks. As at year end 
2017, Associates had drawn an aggregate amount of $110 million (2016 – $115 million) against these available 
lines of credit. Any amounts drawn by the Associates are included in bank indebtedness on the Company’s 
consolidated balance sheets. As recourse in the event that any payments are made under the guarantees, 
Loblaw holds a first-ranking security interest on all assets of Associates, subject to certain prior-ranking statutory 
claims.  

Independent Funding Trusts  The full balance relating to the debt of the independent funding trusts has been 
consolidated on the balance sheets of the Company (see note 22). As at year end 2017, Loblaw has agreed to 
provide a credit enhancement of $64 million (2016 – $64 million) in the form of a standby letter of credit for the 
benefit of the independent funding trusts representing not less than 10% (2016 – 10%) of the principal amount 
of the loans outstanding. This credit enhancement allows the independent funding trusts to provide financing to 
Loblaw’s franchisees. As well, each franchisee provides security to the independent funding trusts for its 
obligations by way of a general security agreement. In the event that a franchisee defaults on its loan and Loblaw 
has not, within a specified time period, assumed the loan, or the default is not otherwise remedied, the 
independent funding trusts would assign the loan to Loblaw and draw upon this standby letter of credit. This 
standby letter of credit has never been drawn upon. Loblaw has agreed to reimburse the issuing bank for any 
amount drawn on the standby letter of credit. 

Lease Obligations  In connection with historical dispositions of certain of its assets, Loblaw has assigned leases 
to third parties. Loblaw remains contingently liable for these lease obligations in the event any of the assignees 
are in default of their lease obligations. The minimum rent, which does not include other lease related 
expenses such as property tax and common area maintenance charges, was in aggregate, approximately 
$15 million (2016 – $16 million). Additionally, Loblaw has guaranteed lease obligations of a third-party 
distributor in the amount of $3 million (2016 – $6 million).

Glenhuron Bank Limited Surety Bond  In connection with the CRA’s reassessment of Loblaw on certain income 
earned by Glenhuron (see note 33), Loblaw arranged for a surety bond of $149 million (2016 – $141 million) to 
the Ministry of Finance in order to dispute the reassessments. 

Cash Collateralization  As at year end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had agreements to cash collateralize certain 
uncommitted credit facilities up to amounts of $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and $102 million (2016 – 
$103 million), respectively. As at year end 2017, GWL and Loblaw had $45 million (2016 – $45 million) and 
$3 million (2016 – $4 million) deposited with major financial institutions, respectively, and classified as security 
deposits on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Financial Services  Loblaw has provided a guarantee on behalf of PC Bank to MasterCard® International 
Incorporated (“MasterCard®”) for accepting PC Bank as a card member and licensee of MasterCard®
 As at year 
end 2017, the guarantee on behalf of PC Bank to MasterCard® was U.S. dollars $190 million (2016 – U.S. dollars 
$190 million). 

.

Loblaw had in place an irrevocable standby letter of credit from a major Canadian chartered bank on behalf of 
one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries in the amount of $76 million (2016 – $11 million). 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 139

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Letters of credit for the benefit of independent securitization trusts with respect to the securitization programs 
of PC Bank have been issued by major financial institutions. These standby letters of credit can be drawn upon in 
the event of a major decline in the income flow from or in the value of the securitized credit card receivables. 
Loblaw has agreed to reimburse the issuing banks for any amount drawn on the standby letters of credit. The 
aggregate gross potential liability under these arrangements for the Other Independent Securitization Trusts was 
$62 million (2016 – $71 million), which represented approximately 10% (2016 – 11%) of the securitized credit 
card receivables amount (see note 21). As at year end 2017, the aggregate gross potential liability under these 
arrangements for Eagle was $36 million (2016 – $36 million), which represented approximately 9% (2016 – 9%) 
of the outstanding Eagle notes issued prior to 2015 (see note 22).

Choice Properties  Letters of credit to support guarantees related to its investment properties including 
maintenance and development obligations to municipal authorities are issued by Choice Properties. 
As at year end 2017, the aggregate gross potential liability related to these letters of credit totaled $33 million 
(2016 – $31 million).

Choice Properties’ credit facilities and debentures are guaranteed by each of the General Partner, the 
Partnership and any other person that becomes a subsidiary of Choice Properties (with certain exceptions). In 
the case of default by Choice Properties, the Indenture Trustee will be entitled to seek redress from the 
Guarantors for the guaranteed obligations in the same manner and upon the same terms that it may seek to 
enforce the obligations of Choice Properties. These guarantees are intended to eliminate structural 
subordination, which would otherwise arise as a consequence of Choice Properties’ assets being primarily held 
in its various subsidiaries.

Note 35.  Related Party Transactions 

The Company’s majority shareholder is Mr. W. Galen Weston, who beneficially owns, directly and indirectly 
through private companies which he controls, including Wittington, a total of 80,773,740 of GWL’s common 
shares, representing approximately 63% (2016 – 63%) of GWL’s outstanding common shares. 

The Company’s policy is to conduct all transactions and settle all balances with related parties on market terms 
and conditions. Transactions between the Company and its consolidated entities have been eliminated on 
consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.

In 2017, the Company made rental payments to Wittington in the amount of $4 million (2016 – $4 million). As at 
year end 2017 and 2016, there were no rental payments outstanding. 

In 2017, inventory purchases from Associated British Foods plc, a related party by virtue of Mr. W. Galen Weston 
being a director of such entity’s parent company, amounted to $39 million (2016 – $40 million). As at year 
end 2017, $6 million (2016 – $6 million) was included in trade payables and other liabilities relating to these 
inventory purchases.  

Joint Venture  In 2014, a joint venture, formed between Choice Properties and Wittington, completed the 
acquisition of property from Loblaw. The joint venture intends to develop the acquired site into a mixed-used 
property, anchored by a Loblaw food store. As at year end 2017, the joint venture did not have any operating 
activity. Choice Properties uses the equity method of accounting to record its 40% interest in the joint venture, 
which is included in other assets. 

Operating Lease Choice Properties entered into a ten-year lease for office space with Wittington that 
commenced in 2014. Lease payments will total $3 million over the term of the lease. 

Post-Employment Benefit Plans  The Company sponsors a number of post-employment plans, which are related 
parties. Contributions made by the Company to these plans are disclosed in note 27.

Income Tax Matters  From time to time, the Company and Wittington may enter into agreements to make 
elections that are permitted or required under applicable income tax legislation with respect to affiliated 
corporations.

140 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Compensation of Key Management Personnel  The Company’s key management personnel is comprised of 
certain members of the executive team of GWL, Loblaw, Weston Foods and Wittington, as well as members of 
the Boards of GWL, Loblaw and Wittington to the extent that they have the authority and responsibility for 
planning, directing and controlling the day-to-day activities of the Company. 

Annual compensation of key management personnel that is directly attributable to the Company was as follows: 

($ millions)
Salaries, director fees and other short term employee benefits
Share-based compensation
Total compensation

2017
9
13
22

$

$

2016
11
13
24

$

$

Note 36.  Segment Information 

The Company has two reportable operating segments: Weston Foods and Loblaw. The accounting policies of the 
reportable operating segments are the same as those described in the Company’s summary of significant 
accounting policies (see note 2). The Company measures each reportable operating segment’s performance 
based on adjusted EBITDA(i) and adjusted operating income(i). Neither reportable operating segment is reliant on 
any single external customer.

($ millions)

Revenue

Operating income

Net interest expense and other

financing charges

Earnings before income tax

Operating income

Depreciation and amortization
Adjusting items(i) 
Adjusted EBITDA(i)
Depreciation and amortization(iii)
Adjusted operating income(i)

$

$

$

$

$

$

Weston
Foods

Loblaw

Other and 
Intersegment(ii)

2017

Total

2,243 $ 46,702 $

(653) $ 48,292

91 $

2,486 $

(37) $

2,540

13

525

(15)

523

78 $

1,961 $

(22) $

2,017

91 $

2,486 $

(37) $

117

48

256 $

107

1,568

30

4,084

1,044

37

$

149 $

3,040 $

— $

2,540

1,685

115

4,340

1,151

3,189

Weston
Foods

Loblaw

Other and 
Intersegment(ii)

2016

Total

2,268 $ 46,385 $

(654) $ 47,999

173 $

2,084 $

(2) $

2,255

102

653

(55)

700

71 $

1,431 $

53 $

1,555

173 $

2,084 $

(2) $

111

12

296 $

97

1,543

217

3,844

1,008

2

$

199 $

2,836 $

— $

2,255

1,654

231

4,140

1,105

3,035

$

$

$

$

$

$

(i)  Certain items are excluded from operating income to derive adjusted EBITDA(1). Adjusted EBITDA(1) is used internally by management 

when analyzing segment underlying performance. 
(ii)  Other and intersegment includes the following items:  

•  intercompany revenue elimination; 
•  Trust Unit distributions from Choice Properties to GWL and the elimination of the fair value adjustment of the Trust Unit liability 

related to GWL’s direct investment in Choice Properties recorded in net interest expense and other financing charges; 
•  the effect of certain asset impairment related to the carrying value of its fixed asset, intangible, and other assets; and 
•  the effect of foreign currency translation on a portion of the U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents and short term 

investments held by foreign operations. 

(iii)  Excludes $524 million (2016 – $535 million) of amortization of intangible assets acquired with Shoppers Drug Mart, recorded by 

Loblaw, and $10 million (2016 – $14 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston Foods, included in restructuring and 
other charges. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 141

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

($ millions)
Total Assets

Weston Foods
Loblaw
Other(i)
Intersegment

Consolidated

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

2,645
35,266
927
(339)
38,499

$

$

2,670
34,596
1,004
(324)
37,946

(i)  Other includes cash and cash equivalents and short term investments held by foreign operations that have the same functional 

currency as that of the Company and GWL’s direct investment in Choice Properties.

($ millions)
Additions to Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets

Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

The Company operates primarily in Canada and the United States.

($ millions)
Revenue (excluding intersegment)

Canada
United States

Consolidated

($ millions)
Fixed Assets and Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Canada
United States

Consolidated

2017

215
1,259
1,474

2017

47,068
1,224
48,292

$

$

$

$

2016

241
1,224
1,465

2016

46,762
1,237
47,999

$

$

$

$

As at

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

$

$

23,652
782
24,434

$

$

23,952
821
24,773

142 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Note 37.  Subsequent Events 

On February 15, 2018, Choice Properties entered into an agreement to acquire all of the assets and assume all of 
the liabilities, including long term debt and all residual liabilities of Canadian Real Estate Investment Trust 
(“CREIT”). CREIT will then redeem all of its outstanding units for $22.50 in cash plus 2.4904 Choice Properties 
units per CREIT unit, on a fully prorated basis. Using the Choice Properties closing unit price on February 14, 
2018 of $12.49, this represents $53.61 per CREIT unit. The maximum amount of cash to be paid by Choice 
Properties will be approximately $1.65 billion and approximately 183 million units will be issued, based on the 
fully diluted number of CREIT units outstanding.

Choice Properties will finance the cash portion of the transaction with committed credit facilities totaling 
$3.6 billion. These committed facilities consist of an $850 million bridge facility that Choice Properties intends to 
refinance through the issuance of senior unsecured debentures and a $1.25 billion term loan. The term loan is 
structured in tranches maturing in 3, 4 and 5 years. Choice Properties will consider hedging the term loan to 
manage floating interest rate exposure. Choice Properties has also arranged a new $1.5 billion committed 
revolving credit facility, that will replace its and CREIT’s existing credit facilities ensuring that Choice Properties 
will have maximum flexibility to support ongoing growth prospects, including acquisitions and development.

Loblaw, Choice Properties’ controlling unitholder, has entered into a voting agreement in support of the 
transaction. To facilitate Choice Properties’ financing for the transaction, Loblaw has agreed to convert all of its 
outstanding Class C Limited Partnership units of Choice Properties Limited Partnership with a face value of 
$925 million into Class B LP units of Choice Properties Limited Partnership on closing. Following the transaction, 
the Company and Loblaw will own approximately 4% and 62% of Choice Properties, respectively.

The transaction is anticipated to close in the second quarter of 2018. The transaction will require the approval of 
at least 66 2/3% of the votes cast by unitholders of CREIT at a special meeting expected to take place in April 
2018. In addition to CREIT unitholder approval and court approvals, the transaction is subject to compliance with 
the Competition Act and certain other closing conditions customary in transactions of this nature. 

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 143

 Three Year Summary

CONSOLIDATED INFORMATION(i)
As at or for the years ended December 31
($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
Operating Results
Sales
Operating income
Adjusted EBITDA(ii)
Depreciation and amortization(iii)
Net interest expense and other financing charges
Adjusted net interest expense and other  financing charges(ii)
Income taxes
Adjusted income taxes(ii)
Net earnings
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the

Company

Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of 

the Company(ii)
Financial Position
Fixed assets
Goodwill and intangible assets
Total assets
Cash and cash equivalents, short term investments

and security deposits

Total debt
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company
Total equity
Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities
Capital investments
Free cash flow(ii)
Per Common Share ($)
Diluted net earnings
Adjusted diluted net earnings(ii)
Financial Measures and Ratios
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)
Adjusted return on average equity attributable to common 

(ii)

shareholders of the company (%)

Adjusted return on capital (%)

(ii)

(ii)

2017
      (52 weeks)

2016
      (52 weeks)

2015
      (52 weeks)

48,292
2,540
4,340
1,685
523
555
443
713
1,574
759

715

904

11,689
12,745
38,499

3,233
13,066
7,894
14,713

3,425
1,474
1,395

5.53
7.00

9.0

12.9
13.0

47,999
2,255
4,140
1,654
700
568
465
678
1,090
550

506

838

11,534
13,239
37,946

2,660
12,804
7,764
14,790

3,760
1,465
1,725

3.90
6.49

8.6

12.1
12.1

46,894
1,929
3,826
1,686
681
585
418
571
830
511

467

717

11,352
13,546
38,220

2,667
13,154
7,681
14,890

3,367
1,500
1,280

3.62
5.57

8.2

10.8
10.6

For financial definitions and ratios refer to the Glossary beginning on page 146.

(i) 
(ii)  See non-GAAP financial measures beginning on page 59.
(iii)  Includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million; 2015 – $536 million) of amortization of intangible assets, acquired with Shoppers Drug 
Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million; 2015 – $11 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston 
Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

144 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

SEGMENT INFORMATION(i)
As at or for the years ended December 31

($ millions except where otherwise indicated)
OPERATING RESULTS
Revenue

Operating income

Adjusted EBITDA(ii)

Adjusted EBITDA Margin (%)

(ii)

Depreciation and Amortization(iii)

FINANCIAL POSITION
Fixed Assets

Total Assets

CASH FLOWS
Fixed Asset Purchases and Intangible

Asset Additions

Weston Foods
Loblaw
Intersegment
Consolidated
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Other
Consolidated
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated
Weston Foods
Loblaw
Other(iv)
Intersegment
Consolidated

Weston Foods
Loblaw
Consolidated

2017
(52 weeks)

2016
     (52 weeks)

2015
      (52 weeks)

2,243
46,702
(653)
48,292
91
2,486
(37)
2,540
256
4,084
4,340
11.4
8.7
9.0
117
1,568
1,685

1,020
10,669
11,689
2,645
35,266
927
(339)
38,499

215
1,259
1,474

2,268
46,385
(654)
47,999
173
2,084
(2)
2,255
296
3,844
4,140
13.1
8.3
8.6
111
1,543
1,654

975
10,559
11,534
2,670
34,596
1,004
(324)
37,946

241
1,224
1,465

2,144
45,394
(644)
46,894
177
1,593
159
1,929
285
3,541
3,826
13.3
7.8
8.2
94
1,592
1,686

872
10,480
11,352
2,470
34,517
1,502
(269)
38,220

259
1,241
1,500

For financial definitions and ratios refer to the Glossary beginning on page 146.

(i) 
(ii)  See non-GAAP financial measures beginning on page 59.
(iii)  Includes $524 million (2016 – $535 million; 2015 – $536 million) of amortization of intangible assets, acquired with Shoppers Drug 
Mart, recorded by Loblaw and $10 million (2016 – $14 million; 2015 – $11 million) of accelerated depreciation recorded by Weston 
Foods, related to restructuring and other charges.

(iv)  Other includes cash and cash equivalents and short term investments held by foreign operations that have the same functional 

currency as that of the Company and GWL’s direct investment in Choice Properties.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 145

 Glossary

Term
Adjusted diluted net earnings per

common share

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA margin

Adjusted income taxes

Adjusted income tax rate

Adjusted net earnings attributable to

shareholders of the Company

Adjusted net earnings available to common

shareholders of the Company

Adjusted net interest expense and other

financing charges

Adjusted operating income

Adjusted return on average equity

attributable to common shareholders of
the Company

Adjusted return on capital

Basic net earnings per common share

Capital

Capital under management
Capital investment
Control brand

Conversion

146 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

Definition
Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
including the effect of all dilutive instruments divided by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period
adjusted for the impact of dilutive items (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP
Financial Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and
Analysis).
Adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization (see
Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s
Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Adjusted EBITDA divided by sales (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial
Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Income taxes adjusted for the tax impact of items included in adjusted
operating income less adjusted net interest and other financing charges
(see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s
Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Adjusted income taxes divided by adjusted operating income less
adjusted net interest and other financing charges (see Section 18, “Non-
GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion
and Analysis).
Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company adjusted for
items that are not necessarily reflective of the Company’s underlying
operating performance (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”,
of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Adjusted net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company less
preferred dividends (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of
the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Net interest expense and other financing charges adjusted for items that
are not necessarily reflective of the Company’s ongoing net financing
costs (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s
Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Operating income adjusted for items that are not necessarily reflective of
the Company’s underlying operating performance (see Section 18, “Non-
GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion
and Analysis).
Adjusted net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company
divided by average total equity attributable to common shareholders of
the Company (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the
Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Tax-effected adjusted operating income divided by average capital (see
Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s
Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company divided
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during
the period.
Total debt, plus total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company,
less cash and cash equivalents, short term investments and amounts held
in escrow.
Total debt plus total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company.
Fixed asset purchases and intangible asset additions.
A brand and associated trademark that is owned by Loblaw for use in
connection with its own products and services.
A store that changes from one Loblaw banner to another Loblaw banner.

Term
Diluted net earnings per common share

Free cash flow

Major expansion/contraction

Minor expansion

Net earnings attributable to shareholders of

the Company

Net earnings available to common
shareholders of the Company

New store
Operating income

Renovation

Retail debt to adjusted EBITDA
Retail gross profit
Retail sales

Retail square footage

Rolling year adjusted return on capital

Rolling year adjusted return on average

equity attributable to common
shareholders of the Company

Same-store sales

Total equity attributable to common

shareholders of the Company

Total equity attributable to shareholders

of the Company

Weighted average common shares

outstanding

Year

Definition
Net earnings available to common shareholders of the Company adjusted
for the impact of dilutive items divided by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding during the period adjusted for the impact
of dilutive items.
Cash flows from operating activities less interest paid, fixed asset
purchases and intangible asset additions (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP
Financial Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and
Analysis).
Expansion/contraction of a store that results in an increase/decrease in
square footage that is greater than 25% of the square footage of the store
prior to the expansion/contraction.
Expansion of a store that results in an increase in square footage that is
less than or equal to 25% of the square footage of the store prior to the
expansion.
Net earnings less non-controlling interests.

Net earnings attributable to shareholders of the Company less preferred
dividends.
A newly constructed store, acquisition, conversion or major expansion.
Net earnings before net interest expense and other financing charges and
income taxes.
A capital investment in a store resulting in no significant change to the
store square footage.
Retail segment total debt divided by Retail segment adjusted EBITDA.
Loblaw retail sales less cost of merchandise inventories sold.
Combined sales of stores owned by Loblaw’s corporate stores, franchisees
and associate-owned drug stores.
Retail square footage includes Loblaw’s corporate stores, franchised
stores and associate-owned drug stores.
Tax-effected rolling year (most recent four quarters) adjusted operating
income divided by average capital (see Section 18, “Non-GAAP Financial
Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis).
Rolling year (most recent four quarters) adjusted net earnings available to
common shareholders of the Company divided by average total equity
attributable to common shareholders of the Company (see Section 18,
“Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, of the Company’s Management’s
Discussion and Analysis).
Retail sales from the same location for stores in operation in that location
in both periods excluding sales from a store that has undergone a major
expansion/contraction in the period.
Total equity less preferred shares outstanding and non-controlling
interests.
Total equity less non-controlling interests.

The number of common shares outstanding determined by relating the
portion of time within the period the common shares were outstanding
to the total time in that period.
The Company’s year end is December 31. Activities are reported on a
fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31, usually
52 weeks in duration but includes a 53rd week every five to six years.
Each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
contained 52 weeks.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 147

 Corporate Directory

Board of Directors

Galen G. Weston, B.A., M.B.A.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the 
Corporation; Chairman and Chief Executive 
Officer, Loblaw Companies Limited; Chairman, 
President’s Choice Bank; Director, Wittington 
Investments, Limited; former Chairman, Choice 
Properties Real Estate Investment Trust.

Gordon M. Nixon, C.M., O.Ont.(1,2)
Corporate Director; Chair, BCE Inc. and Director, 
BlackRock, Inc.; former President and Chief 
Executive Officer, Royal Bank of Canada; 
Advisory Board, KingSett Canadian Real Estate 
Income Fund L.P.; Chairman, MaRS Discovery 
District; Trustee, Art Gallery of Ontario.

Alannah Weston(4)
Deputy Chairman, former Creative Director, 
Selfridges Group Limited; Chair, Selfridges 
Group Foundation; Board member, Reta Lila 
Weston Trust and Reta Lila Howard Foundation; 
Director, Wittington Investments, Limited; 
former Trustee, Blue Marine Foundation.

J. Robert S. Prichard, O.C., O.Ont., LL.B., 
M.B.A., LL.M., LL.D.(2*,3)
Non-Executive Chair, Torys LLP; Chair, former 
President and Chief Executive Officer, 
Metrolinx; Chair, Bank of Montreal; Director, 
Onex Corporation and Barrick Gold 
Corporation; President Emeritus, University of 
Toronto; Trustee, Hospital for Sick Children.

Christi Strauss(1,4)
Corporate Director; former President and Chief 
Executive Officer, Cereal Partners Worldwide, a 
General Mills joint venture with Nestlé.

Barbara Stymiest(1*,2,3)
Corporate Director; Director, Blackberry Limited; 
Director, SunLife Financial Inc.; Director, 
President’s Choice Bank; former Member, Group 
Executive, Royal Bank of Canada; former Chief 
Executive Officer, TMX Group Inc., Chair, 
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Vice 
Chair, University Health Network; Chair, Advisory 
Council for the Ivey Institute for Leadership.

Thomas F. Rahilly, B.A., M.A., LL.B.(2,3*,4)
Corporate Director; Retired Vice-Chairman, 
RBC Capital Markets.

Robert Sawyer(1,4)
Corporate Director; Director, Walter Group; 
former Director and President and Chief 
Executive Officer, RONA Inc.; former Chief 
Operating Officer of Metro Inc.

(1)  Audit Committee
(2)  Governance, Human Resource, Nominating
       and Compensation Committee
(3)  Pension Committee
(4)  Environmental, Health and Safety Committee
*     Chair of the Committee

Isabelle Marcoux, B.A., LL.B.(4*)
Chair, Board of Directors, Transcontinental Inc.; 
Director, Rogers Communications Inc. and 
Power Corporation of Canada; Director of the 
Montreal Children’s Hospital Foundation; Chair 
of the Major Donors’ Circle and Co-Chair of the 
2016 campaign of Centraide of Greater 
Montreal.

Sarabjit (Sabi) S. Marwah(1,2)
Senator with the Senate of Canada; former  
Vice-Chairman and Chief Operating Officer of 
The Bank of Nova Scotia; Director, Cineplex Inc. 
and TELUS Corporation; Trustee and Chair, 
Hospital for Sick Children; former member of 
the Board of Directors, Toronto International 
Film Festival.

Corporate Officers

W. Galen Weston, O.C.                                                                 
Chairman Emeritus

Allan Bifield                
Deputy Chief Financial Officer

Galen G. Weston
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Khush Dadyburjor                                                      
Chief Strategy Officer

Richard Dufresne                                               
President                                                                     
and Chief Financial Officer

Deborah Morshead                                                         
Group Chief Compliance Officer

Nadeem Mansour                                      
Vice President,                                 
Internal Audit Services

John Poos                                                            
Group Head,                                
Pension and Benefits

Andrew Bunston                                                   
Vice President,                                                                      
Legal and Secretary

John Williams                                                               
Group Treasurer

Peter Effer                                                                        
Group Head, Tax

Chantalle Butler
Vice President,
Group Controller

Kerry Rathbone                                                               
Assistant Secretary

Gordon A.M. Currie                  
Executive Vice President,                                 
Chief Legal Officer

Rashid Wasti                         
Executive Vice President,                
Chief Talent Officer

148 George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report

 Shareholder and Corporate Information

Executive Office
George Weston Limited
22 St. Clair Avenue East
Toronto, Canada M4T 2S7
Tel:  416.922.2500
Fax:   416.922.4395
www.weston.ca

Stock Exchange Listing and Symbols
The Company’s common and preferred shares are listed on the Toronto 
Stock Exchange and trade under the symbols: “WN”, “WN.PR.A”, 
“WN.PR.C”, “WN.PR.D” and “WN.PR.E”.

Common Shares
At year end 2017, there were 127,905,581 common shares issued and 
outstanding.

The average 2017 daily trading volume of the Company’s common 
shares was 130,529.

Preferred Shares
As at year end 2017, there were 9,400,000 preferred shares Series I, 
8,000,000 preferred shares Series III, 8,000,000 preferred shares 
Series IV and 8,000,000 preferred shares Series V issued and 
outstanding.

The average 2017 daily trading volume of the Company’s preferred
shares was: 

Series I:  
Series III:  
Series IV:  
Series V:  

4,376
4,697
3,533
4,443

Preferred Dividend Dates
The declaration and payment of quarterly preferred dividends are made 
subject to approval by the Board of Directors. The record and payment 
dates for 2018 are:

Series I 
Record Date  
Feb. 28 
May 31 
Aug. 31 
Nov. 30 

  Payment Date
March 15
June 15
Sept. 15
Dec. 15

Series III,  Series IV and Series V 
Record Date  
March 15 
June 15 
Sept. 15 
Dec. 15 

Payment Date
April 1
July 1
Oct. 1
Jan. 1

Common Dividend Policy
The declaration and payment of dividends on the Company’s common 
shares and the amount thereof are at the discretion of the Board of 
Directors which takes into account the Company’s financial results, 
capital requirements, available cash flow, future prospects of the 
Company’s business and other factors considered relevant from time to 
time. Over time, it is the Company’s intention to increase the amount of 
the dividend while retaining appropriate free cash flow to finance 
future growth.

Common Dividend Dates
The declaration and payment of quarterly common dividends are made 
subject to approval by the Board of Directors. The anticipated record 
and payment dates for 2018 are:

Record Date  
March 15  
June 15  
Sept. 15  
Dec. 15  

Payment Date
April 1
July 1
Oct. 1
Jan. 1

Printing: TC Transcontinental Printing   www.tcprinting.tc

Normal Course Issuer Bid
The Company has a Normal Course Issuer Bid on the Toronto Stock 
Exchange.

Value of Common Shares
For capital gains purposes, the valuation day (December 22, 1971) cost 
base for the Company, adjusted for the 4 for 1 stock split (effective   
May 27, 1986) and the 3 for 1 stock split (effective May 8, 1998), is 
$1.50 per share. The value on February 22, 1994 was $13.17 per share.

Registrar and Transfer Agent
Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue
Toronto, Canada M5J 2Y1

1.800.564.6253 (Canada and U.S.A.)

Toll Free Tel:  
International Tel:   514.982.7555 (direct dial)
Fax:  
Toll Free Fax:  

416.263.9394
1.888.453.0330

To change your address or eliminate multiple mailings, 
or for other shareholder account inquiries, please contact 
Computershare Investor Services Inc.

Independent Auditors
KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada

Annual Meeting
The George Weston Limited Annual Meeting of Shareholders 
will be held on Tuesday, May 8, 2018, at 11:00 a.m. (EST) at 
The Royal Conservatory, TELUS Centre for Performance and
Learning, Koerner Hall, 273 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, 
Canada.

Trademarks
George Weston Limited, Loblaw Companies Limited and their respective 
subsidiaries own a number of trademarks. These trademarks are the 
exclusive property of George Weston Limited, Loblaw Companies 
Limited and their respective subsidiary companies. Trademarks where 
used in this report are in italics.

Investor Relations
Shareholders, security analysts and investment professionals should 
direct their requests to Mr. Geoffrey H. Wilson, Senior Vice President, 
Investor Relations, Business Intelligence and Communications, at the 
Company’s Executive Office or by e-mail at investor@weston.ca. 

Additional financial information has been filed electronically with the 
Canadian securities regulatory authorities in Canada through the 
System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR). The 
Company holds an analyst call shortly following the release of its 
quarterly results. These calls are archived in the Investor Centre section 
of the Company’s website.

This Annual Report includes selected information on Loblaw Companies 
Limited, a public company with shares trading on the Toronto Stock 
Exchange. 

Ce rapport est disponible en français.

George Weston Limited 2017 Annual Report 149

This 2017 Annual Report was printed in Canada on
Enviro print, which contains 100% post-consumer waste
and is processed chlorine-free, using biogas energy.

                                                                                 www.weston.ca