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Gunsynd Plc

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FY2018 Annual Report · Gunsynd Plc
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Gunsynd plc 

Annual Report and Accounts 2018 

Company Number: 05656604 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

COMPANY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT (INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW) ....................................................................... 2 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT ................................................................................................................................................. 5 

INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ....................................................................................................... 9 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GUNSYND PLC ........................................................... 10 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 13 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 ........................................... 13 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 JULY 2018 ............................................................................... 14 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 ..................................................... 15 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 ................................................................. 16 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 17 

 
 
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION 

DIRECTORS 

REGISTERED OFFICE 

COMPANY WEBSITE 

Hamish Harris 
Donald Strang 
George Garnett 

(Executive Chairman) 
(Executive Director) 
(Non-Executive Director) 

78 Pall Mall, St James’s 
London 
SW1Y 5ES  

www.gunsynd.com 

COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER 

05656604 (England and Wales) 

NOMINATED ADVISER AND JOINT BROKER 

JOINT BROKER 

AUDITOR 

SOLICITOR 

BANKERS 

REGISTRAR 

Cairn Financial Advisers LLP 
Cheyne House, Crown Court 
62-63 Cheapside 
London 
EC2V 6AX 

Peterhouse Corporate Finance 
3rd floor, New Liverpool House 
15 Eldon Street 
London 
EC2M 7LD 

Chapman Davis LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditor  
2 Chapel Court 
London 
SE1 1HH 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London 
EC2A 2EW 

Barclays Bank plc 
1 Churchill Place 
London 
E14 5HP 

Neville Registrars Limited 
Neville House 
18 Laurel Lane 
Halesowen 
B63 3DA 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT (INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW) 

I am pleased to present the annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2018. 

Review of Investments  

Horse Hill Developments Limited (“HHDL”) 

The Company currently owns a 2% direct interest in Horse Hill Developments Limited (“HHDL”).  HHDL is a special purpose 
company that owns a 65% participating interest and operatorship of Licence PEDL137 and the adjacent Licence PEDL246 in 
the UK Weald Basin.  This holding, subject to HHDL shareholders’ approval, has an agreement to be sold to UK Oil & Gas 
Investments Plc (“UKOG”) for a total consideration receivable by the Company of £600,000, made up of £50,000 in cash and 
the balance of £550,000 by way of the issue of 31,171,898 shares in UKOG. 

Sunshine Minerals Limited (“Sunshine”) 

Gunsynd holds a 10% equity stake in Sunshine Minerals Limited (“Sunshine”), and a loan note convertible into a further 10% 
shareholding. Sunshine is a nickel and bauxite exploration company focussing on the Solomon Islands.   On 19 September 
2018 it was announced that Metminco Ltd (“Metminco”) proposed to acquire 100% of the existing share capital in Sunshine 
through the issue of shares on a staged basis (and subject to certain conditions). 

The consideration for Metminco’s Acquisition of Sunshine is as follows: 

(a)  A non-refundable deposit of A$50,000 to be paid within 10 days. 
(b)  A$1,500,000 less the Deposit and any agreed debts in Sunshine which will be satisfied through the issue of up to 
250,000,000 fully paid ordinary shares in the capital of Metminco (Metminco Shares) at a deemed issue price of 
A$0.006 each (Upfront Consideration Shares);  

(c)  A further 250,000,000 Metminco Shares upon announcement to the ASX by Metminco of an initial JORC compliant 
resource estimate at Jejevo Nickel Project of at least 125,000 tonnes of contained nickel metal at a cut-off grade of 
not less than 0.7% nickel, which must be based upon exploration information delivered to Metminco by Sunshine 
and exploration work undertaken by Metminco in the amount  of not  greater than  A$500,000 (Stage 1 Deferred 
Consideration Shares); and 

(d)  The issue of 500,000,000 Metminco Shares upon the receipt of a mining license over the Jejevo Nickel Project located 

in the Santa Isabel Province, Solomon Islands (Stage 2 Deferred Consideration Shares). 

United Oil and Gas Limited (“UOG”) 

UOG is an independent oil & gas start-up established in 2015 by a former Tullow Oil team.  Its strategy is to acquire assets 
where the management team's experience can drive near-term activity and unlock previously untapped value.  Two deals 
have been completed since August 2016, providing UOG with a material stake in two licences: PL090 onshore UK, and Podere 
Gallina onshore Italy.  UOG is listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange by way of a standard listing.  Since its 
listing date, UOG has made a number of investments and its share price has increased considerably.  Gunsynd has sold down 
a portion of its holding at a healthy profit. 

Brazil Tungsten Holdings Limited (“BTHL”) 

After an unfortunate accident earlier in the year  operations recommenced in May.    BTHL has achieved production of 12 
tonnes  per  month  (“tpm”)  in  both  June  and  July  2018.    BTHL  has  now  paid  down  $400,000  of  debt  and  has  $350,000 
remaining. It is also in the process of seeking alternative improved off-take arrangements, and pre-payments which will allow 
BTHL to finance its exploration programme earlier than previously planned.   BTHL is still progressing its Tarantula licence 
application. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT (INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW) 

Human Brands Inc. (“Human Brands”) 

Gunsynd has, to date, invested £289,000 by way of convertible loan notes in Human  Brands, a  private US  company that 
produces, distributes, and markets premium spirits, wine, and beer in the USA and Asia.  One of its flagship products is Copa 
Imperial Tequila, a premium tequila.  2018 has been a year of much progress for Human Brands with increased distribution 
in the USA from its tie up with Miolo Wine and in Asia with Milestone Beverages as well as marketing rights for a bar at the 
Florida  Panthers  stadium  in  Miami.    The  company  also  expects  to  launch  its  own  premium  tequila  Copa  Imperial  and  its 
Japanese  Whisky  by  the  end  of  the  year.    Human  Brands  is  currently  in  preparation  for  an  IPO  which  is  targeted  to  be 
completed by H2 2019.   

Oyster Oil and Gas Limited (“Oyster”) 

Oyster  is  an  international  energy  group  focused  on  oil  and  gas  exploration  and  production  activities  in  underexplored 
hydrocarbon basins.    Oyster  currently  operates  4  blocks  in  the  Republic  of  Djibouti  (100%  interest);  3  blocks  are  located 
onshore and 1 block offshore, also the sole interest holder in 1 onshore block in the Republic of Madagascar. 

The Oyster IPO as previously detailed is as yet to make the progress we envisaged by this date. To say we are displeased with 
the efforts of management in this endeavour would be a gross understatement.  Our hands were tied to a large extent in 
supporting the IPO due to a lack of disapplication of pre-emption rights within Gunsynd.  Unfortunately this has had a very 
negative impact on the value of our holding . We do however believe in the Madagascar asset and are hopeful that value can 
be extracted from it via an IPO or more likely by a trade sale. 

Alba Mineral Resources (“Alba”) and Zenith Energy (“Zenith”) 

Gunsynd maintains very small residual holdings in both these companies.  Neither are considered to be long term holdings. 

Fastbase Inc (“Fastbase”) 

We have been informed by Fastbase that they still intend to target an IPO this year but we have no further guidance regarding 
the IPO details that were indicated in our RNS of the 24th of May 2018.  It must be stressed that Gunsynd has not invested in 
Fastbase in any form.  

All of our investments are minority investments.  Certain of these investments seek to IPO.  Whilst we may offer advice to 
management  of  investee  companies  in  this  regard  they  can  and  sometimes  do  ignore  such  advice.  Similarly,  private 
companies don’t have the disclosure requirements of public companies and are under no obligation to keep us constantly 
updated.  This seems to be lost  on many.  Whilst  it can be frustrating not  least for us, the regulatory hurdles to IPO  are 
substantial and time consuming.  There are also market  conditions to consider.   Together these can  severely impact  the 
potential of any IPO.  Management may also feel they can achieve a far higher valuation by waiting for an improvement in 
market timing.  All these things can and do impact  expectations of timings of any IPO.  Decisions are ultimately made by 
investee companies not by us. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT (INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW) 

Finance Review  

The Company made a loss for the year of £939,000 (2017: profit of £492,000) after taxation.  This loss originated from realised 
gains on disposals of its listed investments of £41,000 (2017: gain £408,000) along with market value revaluation losses of 
£535,000 (2017: gain 417,000).  The Company had net assets of £2,423,000 (2017: £3,266,000) including cash balances of 
£337,000 (2017: £372,000) at 31 July 2018. 

During the period, the Company did not raise any equity capital, but managed its cashflow through the existing balances and 
listed investment sales.   

Outlook 

Despite the maelstrom of economic uncertainty and difficult markets the board remains optimistic with regard to the future.  
The board have successfully managed to convert two illiquid holdings in to liquidity traded stock lately. We intend to continue 
this policy in the next six months.  

The Board would also like to take this opportunity to thank shareholders for their continued support. 

Hamish Harris  
Chairman  

21 September 2018 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The directors present their annual report on the Company and its audited financial statements for the year ended 31 July 
2018. 

Principal activity 
As at 31 July 2018 the principal activity of the Company is that of investing by seeking to acquire companies and/or projects 
within the natural resources sector which the Board considers, in its opinion, have potential for growth.  The Company will 
consider opportunities in all relevant sectors as they arise if the Board considers there is an opportunity to generate potential 
value for Shareholders.  The geographical focus will primarily be in Europe, however, investments may also be considered in 
other regions to the extent that the Board considers that valuable opportunities exist and potential value can be achieved. 

Results and dividends 
The income statement is set out on page 13 and has been prepared in Sterling, the functional and reporting currency of the 
Company. 

The Company’s net loss after taxation attributable to equity holders of Gunsynd plc for the year was £939,000 (2017: profit 
£492,000). 

No dividends have been paid or proposed. 

Review of the business and future developments 
A  full  review  of  the  Company’s  performance,  financial  position  and  future  prospects  is  given  in  the  Chairman’s  Report 
(Incorporating the Strategic Review). 

Directors and their interests 
The Directors who served during the year were: 

H Harris  
D Strang  
G Garnett – appointed 16 January 2018 
D Ormerod - appointed 30 March 2017 and resigned 16 January 2018 

The interests of the serving Directors at 31 July 2018 or at date of resignation, in the ordinary share capital of the Company 
(all beneficially held) were as follows 

Hamish Harris  
Donald Strang 
George Garnett 
David Ormerod 

31 July 2018 
No. shares 
48,725,490 
57,058,823 
- 
- 

No. of options 
150,000,000 
150,000,000 
30,000,000 
- 

31 July 2017 
No. 
48,725,490 
57,058,823 
- 
- 

No. of options 
10,000,000 
10,000,000 
- 
- 

Directors’ remuneration 
The remuneration of the Executive Directors paid during the year was fixed on the recommendation of the Remuneration 
Committee. The remuneration of the Non-executive Director paid during the year was fixed on the recommendation of the 
Executive Directors. This has been achieved acknowledging the need to maximise the effectiveness of the Company’s limited 
resources during the year. 

Fees paid to each Director for the year ended 31 July 2018 are set out in note 6 to the financial statements. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT - CONTINUED 

Substantial shareholdings 
Other than as summarised below, the Directors have not been advised of any individual interest, or group or interests held 
by persons acting together, which at 31 July 2018 exceeded 3% of the Company’s issued share capital. 

Number of ordinary 
shares held 

706,315,028 

467,344,413 

354,887,303 

294,781,532 

239,027,426 

236,435,254 

208,135,095 

194,151,855 

174,488,256 

166,301,605 

% of issued 
share capital 

14.46% 

9.57% 

7.27% 

6.04% 

4.90% 

4.84% 

4.26% 

3.98% 

3.57% 

3.41% 

Interactive Investor Services Nominees Ltd 

Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Ltd 

Interactive Investor Services Nominees Ltd 

Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Ltd 

JIM Nominees Limited 

Wealth Nominees Ltd 

Barclays Direct Investing Nominees Ltd 

HSDL Nominees Limited 

Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Ltd 

HSDL Nominees Limited 

Employees 
The Company has only one direct employee. 

Creditor payment policy 
The policy of the Company is to: 

(a) 

Agree the terms of payment with suppliers when settling the terms of each transaction; 

(b) 

Ensure that suppliers are made aware of the terms of payment by inclusion of the relevant terms in contracts; and 

(c) 

Pay  in  accordance  with  its  contractual  and  other  legal  obligations  provided  suppliers  comply  with  the  terms  and 
conditions of supply. 

Directors’ liability 
As permitted by the Companies Act 2006, the Company has purchased insurance cover for the Directors against liabilities in 
relation to the Company. 

Charitable donations 
During the period, the Company made no charitable donations (2017 - £Nil). 

Financial reporting 
The  Board  has  ultimate  responsibility  for  the  preparation  of  the  annual  audited  accounts.    A  detailed  review  of  the 
performance  of  the  Company  is  contained  in  the  Chairman’s  report  (incorporating  Strategic  Review).    Presenting  the 
Chairman’s  report  (incorporating  Strategic  Review)  and  Director’s  Report,  the  Board  seeks  to  present  a  balanced  and 
understandable assessment of the Company’s position, performance and prospects. 

Internal control 
A  key  objective  of  the  Directors  is  to  safeguard  the  value  of  the  business  and  assets  of  the  Company.    This  requires  the 
development  of  relevant  policies  and  appropriate  internal  controls  to  ensure  proper  management  of  the  Company’s 
resources and the identification and mitigation of risks which might serve to undermine them.  The Directors are responsible 
for the Company’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness.  It should, however, be recognised that such 
a system can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT - CONTINUED 

Events after the reporting period 
Events after the reporting period are set out in note 22 to the financial statements. 

Auditor 
The Directors will place a resolution before the Annual General Meeting to re-appoint Chapman Davis LLP as auditor for the 
coming year. 

Risk management 
The directors have in place a process of regularly reviewing risks to the business and monitoring associated controls, actions 
and contingency plans. 

The Company’s financial risk management policies are set out in Note 18. 

Website publication 
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Corporate Governance 
Audit and Remuneration Committees have been established and comprise Hamish Harris (Chairman) and George Garnett 
(audit) and Hamish Harris (Chairman) and George Garnett (remuneration). 

The role of the Remuneration Committee is to review the performance of the executive Directors and to set the scale and 
structure  of  their  remuneration,  including  bonus  arrangements.    The  Remuneration  Committee  also  administers  and 
establishes  performance  targets  for  the  Company’s  employee  share  schemes  and  executive  incentive  schemes  for  key 
management.  In exercising this role, the terms of reference of the Remuneration Committee require it to comply with the 
Code of Best Practice published in the Combined Code. 

The Audit Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board on the appointment of the auditors and the 
audit fee, and receives and reviews reports from management and the Company’s auditors on the internal control systems 
in use throughout the Company and its accounting policies. 

Going concern 
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, notwithstanding the profit for the year ended 31 July 
2018.  This basis assumes that the company will have sufficient funding to enable it to continue to operate for the foreseeable 
future and the Directors have taken steps to ensure that they believe that the going concern basis of preparation remains 
appropriate. 

The Company made a loss for the year of £939,000 (2017: profit £492,000) after taxation.  The Company had net assets of 
£2,423,000 (2017: £3,266,000) and cash balances of £335,000 (2017: £372,000) at 31 July 2018.  The Directors have prepared 
financial forecasts which cover a period of at least 12 months from date that these financial statements are approved to 30 
September 2019.  These forecasts show that the Company expects to have sufficient financial resources to continue to operate 
as a going concern. 

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the event that cash 
flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate within its available funding.  As a 
junior investment exploration company, the Directors are aware that the Company must go to the marketplace to raise cash 
to meet  its investment  plans, and/or consider liquidation of its investments and/or assets as is deemed appropriate. The 
Company has previously constantly demonstrated its ability to raise further cash by way of completing placings during the 
prior years, and are confident of further equity fund raising should the company require such cash injection.  The Company 
also raised, conditional upon completion, £600,000 in cash and shares after the year end by the sale of its 2% interest in 
HHDL.  Therefore they are confident that existing cash balances, along with the any new funding would be adequate to ensure 
that costs can be covered. 

Consequently, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue to operate 
for the foreseeable future and that it remains appropriate for the financial statements to be prepared on a going concern 
basis. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT - CONTINUED 

Statement of directors’ responsibilities  
Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  keep  reliable  accounting  records  which  correctly  explain  the  transactions  of  the 
Company, enable the financial position of the Company to be determined with reasonable accuracy at any time and allow 
financial statements to be prepared.  The shareholders have resolved, in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and the 
Articles of Association, that the directors prepare financial statements for each financial period which give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Company and of its profit or loss for that period. 

On this basis the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements for the Company in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

International Accounting Standard 1 requires that accounts present fairly for each financial period the company’s financial 
position, financial performance and cash flows.  This requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other 
events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses 
set out in the International Accounting Standards Board’s ‘Framework for the preparation and presentation of accounts’.  In 
virtually all circumstances, a fair presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRSs.  However, directors 
are also required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable IFRSs have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the 
accounts; and 

•  prepare the accounts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in 

business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the company and to enable them to ensure that the accounts comply with the Companies Act 2006.  
They  have  a  general  responsibility  for  taking  such  steps  as  are  reasonably  open  to  them  to  safeguard  the  assets  of  the 
company  and  to  prevent  and  detect  fraud  and  other  irregularities.    Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Website publication 
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the 
Company’s website. 

Statement of disclosure to auditors 
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditors are unaware. 

Additionally, the directors have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make 
themselves  aware  of  all  relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the  Company’s  auditors  are  aware  of  that 
information. 

By order of the Board of Directors 

Hamish Harris 
Director 

21 September 2018 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Hamish Harris, Executive Chairman 
Hamish  holds  a  Bachelor  of  Commerce  and  has  held  positions  within  market  risk  management  at  a  number  of  financial 
institutions including Nomura Group, Deutsche Bank AG and BZW plc in Singapore, Hong Kong and London.  Hamish is also a 
Director on a number of AIM listed companies.  Hamish is a member of both the Audit and Remuneration committees. 

Donald Strang – Executive Director 
Donald is a member of the Australian Institute of Chartered Accountants and has been in business over 20 years, holding 
senior financial and management positions in both publicly listed and private enterprises in Australia, Europe and Africa.  He 
has considerable corporate and international expertise and over the past decade has focussed on mining and exploration 
activities.  He is currently the Finance Director of Cadence Minerals plc and a Director of Doriemus plc, Primorus Investments 
plc, and Solo Oil plc. 

George Garnett – Non-Executive Director 
George is an experienced corporate executive, specialising in Equity Capital Markets, having completed numerous successful 
capital  raisings  for  ASX  listed  small  to  medium  sized  companies.  His  role  predominately  encompasses  identification, 
origination and execution of IPO’s and secondary capital raisings for ASX listed companies in a number of sectors with the 
objective of generating value for all stakeholders.  George is a member of both the Audit and Remuneration committees. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GUNSYND PLC 

OPINION 

We have audited the financial statements of Gunsynd Plc (the ‘Company’) for the year ended 31 July 2018 which comprise 
the  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the  statement  of  financial  position,  the  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  the 
statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the company financial statements is applicable 
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion: 

•  the financial  statements give a  true and fair  view of the state of the  Company’s affairs as at 31  July 2018 and of the 

Company’s losses for the year then ended; 

•  the Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 

Union; 

•  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

BASIS FOR OPINION 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law.  Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities  for  the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report.  We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.  We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING CONCERN 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you 
where: 

•  the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  not 

appropriate; or 

•  the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast significant 
doubt about the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least 
twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

KEY AUDIT MATTERS 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not 
due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, 
the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in 
the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a 
separate opinion on these matters. This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit. Our audit procedures in 
relation to these matters were designed in the context of our audit opinion as a whole. They were not designed to enable us 
to express an opinion on these matters individually and we express no such opinion. 

We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

10 

 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GUNSYND PLC - CONTINUED 

CARRYING VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE INVESTMENTS 

The Company’s Available for Sale Investment assets (‘AFS assets’) represent the most significant asset on its statement of 
financial position totalling £2.1m as at 31 July 2018, of which unlisted investments represented £1.7m of the total AFS assets. 

The carrying value of AFS assets represents significant assets of the company and assessing whether facts or circumstances 
exist to suggest that impairment indicators were present, and if present, whether the carrying amount of these asset may 
exceed its recoverable amount was considered key to the audit.  This assessment involves significant judgement applied by 
management to the Company’s unlisted investments. 

We considered it necessary to assess whether facts and circumstances existed to suggest that impairment indicators were 
present, and if present, whether the carrying amount of these assets may exceed its recoverable amount. 

How the Matter was addressed in the Audit 

The  procedures  included,  but  were  not  limited  to,  assessing  and  evaluating  management's  assessment  of  whether  any 
impairment indicators have been identified across the Company’s AFS assets, the indicators being: 

•  Expiring, or imminently expiring, rights to licences held by the investee Companies 
•  A lack of flow of information in regards to the investee companies exploration activities and/or production 
•  Discontinuation of, or a plan to discontinue, exploration activities in the areas of interest by the Investee Companies 
•  Sufficient data exists to suggest carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely be recovered in full through 

successful development or sale by the Investee Companies. 

•  Updates on trading activities by Investee Companies. 

We also reviewed Stock Exchange RNS announcements and Board meeting minutes for the year and subsequent to year end 
for activity to identify any indicators of impairment. 

We also assessed the disclosures included in the financial statements and our results found the carrying value for AFS assets 
to be acceptable. 

MATERIALITY 

In  planning  and  performing  our  audit  we  applied  the  concept  of  materiality.  An  item  is  considered  material  if  it  could 
reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. We used the concept of 
materiality  to  both  focus  our  testing  and  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  misstatements  identified.    Based  on  professional 
judgement,  we  determined  overall  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  to  be  £55,000,  based  on  a  2% 
percentage consideration of the total assets. 

OTHER INFORMATION 

The Directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the information included in the 
annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  Our opinion on the financial statements 
does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained 
in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  or  a 
material  misstatement of the other information.  If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a 
material  misstatement  of  this  other  information,  we  are  required  to  report  that  fact.   We  have  nothing  to  report  in  this 
regard. 

OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

•  the  information  given  in  the  Strategic  Report  and  the  Directors’  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the  financial 

statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

•  the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

11 

 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF GUNSYND PLC - CONTINUED 

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we 
have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the Directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept  by  the  Company,  or  returns  adequate  for  our  audit  have  not  been 

received from branches not visited by us; or 

•  the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
•  certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS 

As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibilities statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the 
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors 
determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless 
the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion.    Reasonable 
assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) or ISA 
IAASB will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could 
reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting 
Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

USE OF OUR REPORT 

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not 
accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit 
work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Keith Fulton 
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of Chapman Davis LLP, Statutory Auditor 
London 
Chapman Davis LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC306037). 

21 September 2018 

12 

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 

Continuing operations 

Income  
Unrealised (loss)/profit on available for sale assets  
Realised Profit on available for sale assets  

Administrative expenses 
Salaries and other staff costs 
Other costs 
Share based payment charge 
Total administrative expenses 

Other income 
Finance income 
(Loss)/profit before tax 
Taxation 
(Loss)/profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders of 
the Company 

Other comprehensive (expenditure)/income for the period net of 
tax 

Total comprehensive (expenditure)/income for the period 

(Loss)/earnings per ordinary share 
Basic (pence) 
Diluted (pence) 

Note 

6 
8 
19 

7 

9 

10 

2018 

£000 

(535) 
41 
(494) 

(163) 
(198) 
(100) 
(461) 

- 
16 
(939) 
- 

(939) 

- 

(939) 

(0.019) 
(0.019) 

2017 

£000 

417 
408 
825 

(91) 
(261) 
- 
(352) 

18 
1 
492 
- 

492 

- 

492 

0.018 
0.017 

The notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 JULY 2018 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Available-for-sale investments 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity attributable to equity holders of the company 
Ordinary share capital 
Deferred share capital 
Share premium reserve 
Share based payments reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 

Note 

11 

12 
17 

13 

14 
14 
14 

2018 

£000 

2,098 

2,098 

296 
337 

633 

2017 

£000 

2,585 

2,585 

486 
372 

858 

2,731 

3,443 

(308) 

(308) 

(308) 

2,423 

489 
1,729 
10,536 
234 
(10,565) 
2,423 

(177) 

(177) 

(177) 

3,266 

489 
1,729 
10,540 
174 
(9,666) 
3,266 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 21 September 2018 and were 
signed on its behalf by: 

Hamish Harris 
Chairman 

Company number: 05656604 

Donald Strang 
Director 

The notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 

At 31 July 2016  

Profit for the year  
Total comprehensive income 
for the period 

Transactions with owners: 
Issue of share capital 
Share issue costs 
At 31 July 2017 

Loss for the year  
Total comprehensive income 
for the period 

Transactions with owners: 
Issue of share capital 
Share issue costs 
Share options issued 
Share options cancelled 
At 31 July 2018 

Share 
capital 
£000 
123 

Deferred  
Share 
capital 
£ 000 
1,729 

Share  Share-based 
payments 
reserve 
£000 
174 

premium 
reserve 
£000 
9,439 

- 

- 

366 
- 
489 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
489 

- 

- 

- 
- 
1,729 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
1,729 

- 

- 

1,185 
(84) 
10,540 

- 

- 

- 
(4) 
- 
- 
10,536 

- 

- 

- 
- 
174 

- 

- 

- 
- 
100 
(40) 
234 

Retained 
earnings 
£000 
(10,158) 

492 

492 

- 
- 
(9,666) 

(939) 

(939) 

- 
- 
- 
40 
(10,565) 

Total 
£000 
1,307 

492 

492 

1,551 
(84) 
3,266 

(939) 

(939) 

- 
(4) 
100 
- 
2,423 

Details of the nature of each component of equity are set out in Notes 15 

The notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2018 

Cash flow from operating activities 
(Loss)/profit after tax 
Tax on losses 
Other income 
Finance income net of finance costs 
Unrealised Revaluation of AFS assets 

(Profit) on sale of AFS Asset 
Share based payment 
Changes in working capital: 

Decrease in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 

Cash outflow from operations 
Taxation received 
Net cash outflow from operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities 

Payments for investments in AFS assets 
Disposal proceeds from sale of AFS Asset 
Finance income 
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities  
Proceeds on issuing of ordinary shares 
Cost of issue of ordinary shares 
Net cash inflow from financing activities  

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Note 

11 
11 

14 

17 

17 

2018 

£000 

(939) 
- 
- 
(11) 
535 
(41) 
100 

190 
141 

(25) 
- 
(25) 

(365) 
358 
11 
4 

- 
(14) 
(14) 

(35) 
372 
337 

2017 

£000 

492 
- 
(15) 
(1) 
(417) 
(408) 
- 

6 
15 

(328) 
- 
(328) 

(1,873) 
1,137 
1 
(735) 

1,161 
(84) 
1,077 

14 
358 
372 

The notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1  Presentation of the financial statements 

Description of business & Investing Policy 
Gunsynd plc is public limited company domiciled in the United Kingdom.  The Company’s registered office is 2 Chapel Court, 
London SE1 1HH. 

The Company's Investing Policy is to invest in and/or acquire companies and/or projects within the natural resources sector 
which the Board considers, in its opinion, has potential for growth.  The Company will consider opportunities in all sectors as 
they arise if the Board considers there is an opportunity to generate potential value for Shareholders.  The geographical focus 
will  primarily  be  in  Europe,  however,  investments  may  also  be  considered  in  other  regions  to  the  extent  that  the  Board 
considers that valuable opportunities exist and potential value can be achieved. 

Where appropriate, the Board may seek to invest in businesses where it may influence the business at a board level, add their 
expertise to the management of the business, and utilise their industry relationships and access to finance. 

The Company’s interests in an investment and/or acquisition may range from a minority position to full ownership and may 
comprise one investment or multiple investments.  The investments may be in either quoted or unquoted companies; be 
made by direct acquisitions or farm-ins; and may be in companies, partnerships, earn-in joint ventures, debt or other loan 
structures, joint ventures or direct or indirect interests in assets or projects.  The Board may focus on investments where 
intrinsic value may be achieved from the restructuring of investments or merger of complementary businesses. 

The Board expects that investments will typically be held for the medium to long term, although short term disposal of assets 
cannot be ruled out if there is an opportunity to generate a return for Shareholders.  The Board will place no minimum or 
maximum limit on the length of time that any investment may be held.  The Company may be both an active and a passive 
investor depending on the nature of the individual investment.  There is no limit on the number of projects into which the 
Company  may  invest,  and  the  Company’s  financial  resources  may  be  invested  in  a  number  of  propositions  or  in  just  one 
investment, which may be deemed to be a reverse takeover under the AIM Rules.  The Board intends to mitigate risk by 
appropriate due diligence and transaction analysis.  Any transaction constituting a reverse takeover under the AIM Rules will 
also require Shareholder approval.  The Board considers that, as investments are made and new investment opportunities 
arise, further funding of the Company may also be required. 

Where the Company builds a portfolio of related assets, it is possible that there may be cross holdings between such assets.  
The Company does not currently intend to fund any investments with debt or other borrowings but may do so if appropriate.  
Investments in early stage assets are expected to be mainly in the form of equity, with debt potentially being raised later to 
fund the development of such assets.  Investments in later stage assets are more likely to include an element of debt to equity 
gearing.  The Board may also offer New Ordinary Shares by way of consideration as well as cash, thereby helping to preserve 
the Company’s cash for working capital and as a reserve against unforeseen contingencies including, for example, delays in 
collecting accounts receivable, unexpected changes in the economic environment and operational problems. 

Investments may be made in all types of assets and there will be no investment restrictions on the type of investment that 
the  Company  might  make  or  the  type  of  opportunity  that  may  be  considered.    The  Company  may  consider  possible 
opportunities anywhere in the world. 

The  Board  will  conduct  initial  due  diligence  appraisals  of  potential  business  or  projects  and,  where  they  believe  further 
investigation is warranted, intend to appoint appropriately qualified persons to assist.  The Board believes its expertise will 
enable  it  to  determine  quickly  which  opportunities  could be  viable  and  so  progress  quickly  to  formal  due  diligence.    The 
Company will not have a separate investment manager. 

Compliance with applicable law and IFRS 
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  Companies  Act  2006  and  International  Accounting 
Standards  (IAS)  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  and  related  interpretations,  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union. 

Composition of the financial statements 
The Company financial statements are drawn up in Sterling, the functional currency of Gunsynd plc and in accordance with 
IFRS accounting presentation.  The level of rounding for financial information is the nearest thousand pounds. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

1  Presentation of the financial statements continued 

Accounting convention 
The financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of certain 
items, as stated in the accounting policies. 

Basis of preparation – Going concern 
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, notwithstanding the loss for the year ended 31 July 
2018.  This basis assumes that the company will have sufficient funding to enable it to continue to operate for the foreseeable 
future and the Directors have taken steps to ensure that they believe that the going concern basis of preparation remains 
appropriate. 

The Company made a loss for the year of £939,000 (2017: profit £492,000) after taxation.  The Company had net assets of 
£2,423,000 (2017: £3,266,000) and cash balances of £335,000 (2017: £372,000) at 31 July 2018.  The Directors have prepared 
financial forecasts which cover a period of at least 12 months from date that these financial statements are approved to 30 
September 2018.  These forecasts show that the Company expects to have sufficient financial resources to continue to operate 
as a going concern. 

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the event that cash 
flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate within its available funding.  As a 
junior investment exploration company, the Directors are aware that the Company must go to the marketplace to raise cash 
to meet its investment plans, and/or consider liquidation of its investments and/or assets as is  deemed appropriate. The 
Company has previously constantly demonstrated its ability to raise further cash by way of completing placings during the 
prior years, and are confident of further equity fund raising should the company require such cash injection.  The Company 
also raised, conditional upon completion, £600,000 in cash and shares after the year end by the sale of its 2% interest in 
HHDL.  Therefore they are confident that existing cash balances, along with the any new funding would be adequate to ensure 
that costs can be covered. 

Consequently, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue to operate 
for the foreseeable future and that it remains appropriate for the financial statements to be prepared on a going concern 
basis. 

Financial period 
These financial statements  cover the financial year from 1  August 2017 to 31 July 2018, with comparative figures for the 
financial year from 1 August 2016 to 31 July 2017. 

Accounting principles and policies 
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management 
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent 
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the 
reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies approved by the Board 
and signed on their behalf by Hamish Harris and Donald Strang, and described in Note 2, ‘Accounting principles and policies’.  
Information on the application of these accounting policies, including areas of estimation and judgement is given in Note 3, 
‘Key accounting judgements and estimates’.  Where appropriate, comparative figures are reclassified to ensure a consistent 
presentation with current year information. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

2  Accounting principles and policies 

Revenue 
Revenue is recognised when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of products has occurred or services have 
been rendered, prices are fixed or determinable and there is a probability that economic benefits will flow to the Company. 

Other/Royalty income is recognised on an accruals basis in accordance with the economic substance of the agreement and is 
reported as part of revenue.  Other revenues are recorded as earned or as the services are performed.  As part of the disposal 
of assets agreement in March 2014, the Company retained a right to receive contingent consideration in the form of royalties 
arising on any revenues generated by those assets during the 3 year period ending 18 March 2017 or from the sale or licence 
of the SYN1113 asset at any time, this agreement was settled in full during the year ended 31 July 2017 for £18,000 as detailed 
in Note 7. 

Segment reporting 
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision 
maker.  The chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Board of Directors.  Further details are set out in Note 
5. 

Share capital 
Financial instruments issued by the Company are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet the definition of 
a financial liability.  The Company’s ordinary shares are classified as equity instruments. 

Share-based payments  
Where equity settled share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to 
the statement of comprehensive income over the vesting period.  Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by 
adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative 
amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. 

Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted.  As long as all other vesting conditions are 
satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are satisfied.  The cumulative expense is not 
adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. 

Financial instruments 

Available-for-sale investments 
Non-derivative  financial  assets  comprising  the  Company’s  strategic  investments  in  entities  not  qualifying  as  subsidiaries, 
associates  or  jointly  controlled  entities.    They  are  carried  at  fair  value  with  changes  in  fair  value  recognised  directly  in  a 
separate component of equity (available-for-sale reserve).  Where there is a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value 
of  an  available-for-sale  financial  asset  (which  constitutes  objective  evidence  of  impairment),  the  full  amount  of  the 
impairment, including any amount previously charged to equity, is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.  
On sale, the amount held in the available-for-sale reserve associated with that asset is removed from equity and recognised 
in the statement of comprehensive income. 

Trade and other receivables 
Trade and other receivables are accounted for at original invoice amount less any provisions for doubtful debts.  Provisions 
are made where there is evidence of a risk of non-payment, taking into account the age of the debt, historical experience and 
general economic conditions.  If a trade debt is determined to be uncollectable, it is written off, firstly against any provisions 
already held and then to the statement of comprehensive income.  Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously provided 
for are credited to the statement of comprehensive income. 

Trade and other payables 
Trade and other payables are held at amortised cost which equates to nominal value. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

2  Accounting principles and policies continued 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, current balances with banks and similar institutions and liquid investments 
generally  with  maturities  of  3  months  or  less.    They  are  readily  convertible  into  known  amounts  of  cash  and  have  an 
insignificant risk of changes in values. 

Financial investments 
Listed investments are valued at closing bid price on 31 July.  For measurement purposes, financial investments are designated 
at fair value through statement of comprehensive income.  Gains and losses on the realisation of financial investments are 
recognised in the statement of comprehensive income for the period and taken to retained earnings.  The difference between 
the market value of financial instruments and book value to the Company is shown as a gain or loss in the income statement 
for the period. 

Taxation 

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax.  Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the 
extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.  In this case the tax is also 
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet 
date in the countries where the company’s subsidiaries and associates operate and generate taxable income.  Management 
periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to 
interpretation  and  establishes  provisions  where  appropriate  on  the  basis  of  amounts  expected  to  be  paid  to  the  tax 
authorities. 

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements.  However, the deferred income tax 
is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination 
that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss.  Deferred income tax is determined 
using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to 
apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against 
which  the  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.    Deferred  income  tax  is  provided  on  temporary  differences  arising  on 
disallowed expenses, expect where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the company and 
it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against 
current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same 
taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances 
on a net basis. 

Impairment of non-current assets 
The carrying values of all non-currents assets are reviewed for impairment when there is an indication that the assets might 
be impaired.  Any provision for impairment is charged to the statement of comprehensive income in the year concerned. 

Impairment losses on other non-current assets are only reversed if there has been a change in estimates used to determine 
recoverable amounts and only to the extent that the revised recoverable amounts do not exceed the carrying values that 
would have existed, net of depreciation or amortisation, had no impairments been recognised. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

3  Key accounting judgements and estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements, estimates and 
assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses.  The 
estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be 
reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of 
assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. 

Actual results may differ from these estimates.  The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision only affects that 
period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

Significant  estimates  and  assumptions  that  may  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities at 31 July 2018 are set out below: 

Fair value of contingent consideration 
The consideration for the sale of intellectual property assets to Venn Life Science Holdings plc in March 2014 included an 
element of contingent consideration that is based on a future royalty stream from commercialisation of those assets by Venn.  
An estimate of the fair value of the contingent consideration has not been included in these financial statements.  However 
the actual amounts of royalties receivable in future years is dependent upon a number of factors, all of which are outside the 
Company’s control.  These include Venn’s ability to be able to generate commercial revenues from the intellectual property 
assets, the demand for those products and other economic factors, and as such, the Company has taken a prudent basis and 
not accounted for any potential future royalties.  This was fully settled during the year ended 31 July 2017 for £18,000 as 
detailed in Note 7. 

Share Based Payments 
The Company made awards of 330 million options over its unissued share capital to the directors during the year to 31 July 
2018.  (2017: £nil share options issued)  

The fair value of share based payments is calculated by reference to Black Scholes model.  Inputs into the model are based 
on management's best estimates of appropriate volatility, dividend yields, discount rate and share price.  During the year, the 
Company incurred £100,000 share based payment charge (2017: £nil charge). 

4  New accounting requirements 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following IFRSs, IASs and Interpretations were in issue but not 
yet effective.  Their adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the financial statements unless otherwise indicated: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (effective date 1 January 2018); 
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective date 1 January 2018); 
IFRS 16 Leases (effective date 1 January 2019); 
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (effective date 1 January 2021). 

5  Segmental analysis 

Segmental analysis is not applicable as there is only one operating segment of the continuing business – investment activities.  
The performance measure of investment activities is considered by the Board to be profitability and is disclosed on the face 
of the statement of comprehensive Income.  The Board will continually review the segmental analysis of the business on an 
ongoing basis and at each reporting date. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

6 

Information regarding Directors and employees 

Included within continuing operations 
Fees and salaries 
Social security costs 
Share based payment expense 

2018 
£000 

159 
4 
100 
263 

2017 
£000 

87 
4 
- 
91 

2018 
Number 

2017 
Number 

Average number of persons employed by the Company (including Directors) during the 
year 
Directors 
Administrative staff 
Total 

The compensation of the Directors, in aggregate, was as follows: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Share based payment expense 

3 
1 
4 

2018 
£000 
147 
3 
100 
250 

Full details of the remuneration of individual directors, including the highest paid director, are set out below: 

Directors 
Mr H Harris  
Mr D Strang  
Mr C Gordon (resigned 16 June 2017) 
Mr D Ormerod (resigned 16 January 2018) 
Mr G Garnett (appointed 16 January 2018) 

Fees & 
salary 
£000 

Share Based 
Payments 
£000 

66 
66 
- 
5 
10 
147 

46 

46 
- 
- 
8 
100 

Total 
2018 
£000 

112 
112 
- 
5 
18 
247 

Directors fees totalling £102,000 have been accrued and remain unpaid at 31 July 2018.  (2017: £5,000) 

3 
1 
4 

2017 
£000 
75 
2 
- 
77 

Total 
2017 
£000 

26 
26 
19 
4 
- 
75 

7  Other income 

Royalty settlement 
Total other income 

2018 
£000 
- 
- 

2017 
£000 
18 
18 

On 26 February 2014, the Company announced that it was, subject to shareholder approval, disposing of certain intellectual 
property assets to Venn Life Sciences plc (the "Disposal").  As part of the terms of the Disposal, the Company was entitled to 
receive additional potential consideration based on future net sales made by Venn.  Subsequently, on 20 February 2015, the 
Purchaser sold the intellectual property assets the subject of the Disposal to Innovenn, which is a subsidiary of Integumen plc 
("Integumen"), which was admitted to trading on AIM on 5 April 2017.  Integumen at that date agreed to pay £3,000 and has 
also issued 300,000 new ordinary shares in Integumen to the Company at a price of 5 pence per new ordinary share, in full 
and final settlement of any rights to additional consideration. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

8 

(Loss)/profit for the year 

The following items have been included in operating (loss)/profit: 

Fees payable to the company’s auditors, Chapman Davis LLP in relation to the 
Company: 
Audit and assurance services: 
- Audit of parent Company financial statements  
- Other services 

Total auditor’s fees 

Analysis of other costs:  
Legal and professional fees 
Foreign exchange (gains) 
Other general overheads 

9  Taxation 

Taxation charge based on losses for the year 
UK Corporation tax 
Deferred taxation 
Total tax expense 

Factors affecting the tax charge for the year: 
(Loss)/profit on ordinary activities before taxation 
Loss on ordinary activities at the average UK standard rate of 19% (2017: 19/20%) 
Effect of non-deductible expenses 
Future income tax benefit not brought to account 
Other deductions for tax purposes including prior year losses 
Current tax charge 

2018 
£000 

2017 
£000 

10 
- 

10 

15 
- 
183 
198 

2018 

£000 
- 
- 
- 

(939) 
(178) 
21 
157 
- 
- 

10 
- 

10 

10 
(23) 
274 
261 

2017 

£000 
- 
- 
- 

492 
97 
- 
(82) 
(15) 
- 

As set out in Note 2, the Company has not recognised a deferred tax asset in the financial statements as there is no certainty 
that taxable profits will be available against which these assets could be utilised. 

Factors affecting the tax charge in future years 
Changes to tax legislation could impact on the Company’s effective tax rate.  The UK Government has in recent years proposed 
some significant changes to the UK taxation system.  The UK Government announced a phased reduction in the main rate of 
corporation  tax  to  17%  and  the  deferred  tax  balances  reflect  that  reduction  in  the  UK  tax  rate,  as  is  appropriate  to  the 
Company’s circumstances. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

10  (Loss)/earnings per share 

(Loss)/profit attributable to ordinary shareholders 

2017 

2017 

The calculation of loss per share is based on the loss after taxation divided by the weighted 
average number of shares in issue during the period: 
(Loss)/profit from operations (£000) 
Total (£000) 

Number of shares 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic (loss)/earnings per 
share (millions) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted (loss)/earnings per 
share (millions) 

Basic (loss)/earnings per share (expressed in pence) 
Diluted (loss)/earnings per share (expressed in pence) 

(939) 
(939) 

492 
492 

4,882.9 

2,783.3 

5,225.6 

2,815.9 

(0.019) 
(0.019) 

0.018 
0.017 

As the inclusions of the potential Ordinary Shares would result in a decrease in the loss per share they are considered to be 
anti-dilutive and as such not included. 

11  Available-for-sale investments 

Fair Value at 31 July 2016 
Additions 
Market value Revaluations 
Gains on disposals 
Disposal 
Impairment provision  
Fair Value at 31 July 2017 
Additions 
Market value Revaluations 
Gains on disposals 
Disposal 
Impairment provision  
Fair Value at 31 July 2018 

The available for sale investments splits are as below: 
Non-current assets - listed 
Non-current assets - unlisted 
Non-current assets – unlisted convertible loans 

£000 
1,009 
1,888 
408 
417 
(1,137) 
- 
2,585 
365 
(535) 
41 
(358) 
- 
2,098 

382 
965 
751 
2,098 

The Directors carried out an impairment review as at 31 July 2018 (31 July 2017 :£nil), and determined no further impairment 
was required in regards to its unlisted investments, as a result of the progress made by the companies and detailed within 
the strategic review. 

Available-for-sale investments comprise investments in listed and unlisted Companies, of which the listed investments are 
traded on stock markets throughout the world, and are held by the Company as a mix of strategic and short term investments.  
The listed investments have been valued at bid price, as quoted on their respective Stock Exchanges, at 31 July 2018.  The 
market value of the listed investments at 19 September 2018 was £308,000.

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

12  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Prepayments 

13  Trade and other payables 

Amounts due within one year 
Trade payables 
Other creditors 
Accruals and deferred income 

14  Share capital and share premium account 

Share capital issued and fully paid 
At 31 July 2016 
All share issues for cash via Placings; 
Issue of new ordinary shares on 12 October 2016 
Issue of new ordinary shares on 11 January 2017 
Issue of new ordinary shares on 16 January 2017 
Issue of new ordinary shares on 16 January 2017 
Issue of new ordinary shares on 21 July 2017 

Less: costs of share placing 
At 31 July 2017 
Less: costs of share placing 
There were no shares issued during the year 
At 31 July 2018 

15  Movements in equity 

2018 
£000 
- 
190 
106 
296 

2018 
£000 
36 
93 
179 
308 

2017 
£000 
- 
472 
14 
486 

2017 
£000 
65 
- 
112 
177 

Number 
of shares 

Ordinary 
share 
capital 
£000 

Deferred 
share 
capital 
£000 

Share 
premium 

£000 

1,224,675,828 

545,454,545 
1,752,500,000 
141,176,471 
94,117,646 
1,125,000,000 

- 
4,882,924,490 
- 

4,882,924,490 

123 

55 
175 
14 
9 
113 
- 
489 
- 

489 

1,729 

9,439 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,729 
- 

245 
525 
46 
31 
338 
(84) 
10,540 
(4) 

1,729 

10,536 

Share capital represents the  nominal value of the amount subscribed  for shares.   Share premium represents the amount 
subscribed for shares in excess of their nominal value less costs of subscription.  Ordinary shares carry the rights to one vote 
per share at general meetings of the Company and the rights to share in any distributions of profits or returns of capital and 
to share in any residual assets available for distribution in the event of a winding up. 

The share-based payment reserve represents amounts arising from the requirement to expense the fair value of share-based 
remuneration in accordance with IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payments’. 

Retained earnings are the cumulative net losses recognised in the income statement and other comprehensive income. 

Movements on these reserves are set out in the statement of changes in equity. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

16  Related party transactions 

The Company had the following transactions with related parties: 

Name of related party 

Relationship 

Nature of transaction 

Transactions with  
related party 

Amounts owed from 
related party 
At 31 July  At 31 July  At 31 July  At 31 July 
2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

Horse Hill Developments 
Ltd (“HHDL”) 

Investee Company 

Cash call Loan to 
HHDL 

108 

- 

190 

82 

Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties 
Outstanding balances that relate to trading balances are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash.  There have 
been no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables.  The Company only has the outstanding 
amounts due from HHDL as at 31 July 2018.  The loan outstanding is included within trade and other receivables, Note 12.  
The loan to HHDL has been made in accordance with the terms of the investment agreement whereby it accrues interest daily 
at the Bank of England base rate and is repayable out of future cashflows. 

Compensation of key management personnel of the Company 
The Company considers the directors to be its key management personnel.  Full details of the remuneration of the directors 
are shown in Note 6. 

17  Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net funds 

Net funds at beginning of the year 
(Decrease)/increase in cash 
Net funds at end of the year 

Analysis of changes in net funds 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Net funds 

2018 
£000 
372 
(35) 
337 

Cash 
Flow 
£000 
(35) 
(35) 

2017 
£000 
358 
14 
372 

At 31 
July 
2018 
£000 
337 
337 

At 31 
July 
2017 
£000 
372 
372 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

18  Financial instruments and related disclosures 

General objectives, policies and processes 

The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Company’s risk management objectives and policies and, 
whilst retaining ultimate responsibility for them, it has delegated authority for designing and operating processes that ensure 
the effective implementation of the objectives and policies to the Company’s finance function.  The Board receives monthly 
reports through which it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness of the objectives 
and policies it sets. 

The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting the 
Company’s competitiveness and flexibility. 

The  Company  reports  in  Sterling.    Internal  and  external  funding  requirements  and  financial  risks  are  managed  based  on 
policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors.  The Company does not use derivative financial instruments such 
as forward currency contracts, interest rate and currency swaps or similar instruments.  The Company does not issue or use 
financial instruments of a speculative nature. 

Capital management  
The Company’s objectives when maintaining capital are: 

• 

• 

to  safeguard  the  entity’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  so  that  it  can  continue  to  provide  returns  for 
shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders; and 
to provide an adequate return to shareholders. 

The capital structure of the Company consists of total shareholders’ equity as set out in the ‘Statement of changes in equity’.  
All working capital requirements are financed from existing cash resources. 

Capital is managed on a day to day basis to ensure that all entities in the Company are able to operate as a going concern.  
Operating  cash  flow  is  primarily  used  to  cover  the  overhead  costs  associated  with  operating  as  an  AIM  and  NEX-listed 
company. 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity  risk  arises  from  the  Company’s  management  of  working  capital.    It  is  the  risk  that  the  Company  will  encounter 
difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. 

The  directors consider that there is no significant liquidity risk faced by the Company.  The Company maintains  sufficient 
balances in cash to pay accounts payable and accrued expenses. 

The Board receives forward looking cash flow projections at periodic intervals during the year as well as information regarding 
cash balances.  At the balance sheet date the Company had cash balances of £337,000 and the financial forecasts indicated 
that  the  Company  expected  to  have  sufficient  liquid  resources  to  meet  its  obligations  under  all  reasonably  expected 
circumstances and will not need to establish overdraft or other borrowing facilities. 

Interest rate risk 
As the Company has no borrowings, it only has limited interest rate risk.  The impact is on income and operating cash flow 
and arises from changes in market interest rates.  Cash resources are held in current, floating rate accounts. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

18  Financial instruments and related disclosures continued 

Market risk 
Market price risk arises from uncertainty about the future valuations of financial instruments held in accordance with the 
Company’s investment objectives.  These future valuations are determined by many factors but include the operational and 
financial performance of the underlying investee companies, as well as market perceptions of the future of the economy and 
its impact upon the economic environment in which these companies operate.  This risk represents the potential loss that the 
Company might suffer through holding its available-for-sale investment portfolio in the face of market movements, which was 
a maximum of £2,098,000 (2017: £2,585,000). 

The investments in equity of quoted companies that the Company holds are less frequently traded than shares in more widely 
traded securities.  Consequently, the valuations of these investments can be more volatile. 

Market price risk sensitivity 
The table below shows the impact on the return and net assets of the Company if there were to be a 20% movement in overall 
share prices of the available-for-sale investments held at 31 July 2018. 

Decrease if overall share price falls by 20%, with all other variables held constant 
Decrease in other comprehensive earnings and net asset value per Ordinary share (in 
pence) 

2018 
Other 
comprehensive 
income and  
Net assets 
£000 
(76.3) 

2017 
Other 
comprehensive 
income and  
Net assets 
£000 
(427.0) 

(0.0015p) 

(0.015p) 

Increase if overall share price rises by 20%, with all other variables held constant 
Increase in other comprehensive earnings and net asset value per Ordinary share (in 
pence) 

76.3 

0.0015p 

427.0 

0.015p 

The impact of a change of 20% has been selected as this is considered reasonable given the current level of volatility observed, 
and assumes a market value is attainable for the Company’s unlisted investments. 

Currency risk 
The directors consider that there is no significant currency risk faced by the Company.  The only current foreign currency 
transactions the Company enters into are denominated in US$ in relation to transactions with or relating to its investment in 
Human Brands Inc., and no balances at 31 July 2018 are denominated in foreign currencies. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to discharge an obligation or commitment that it has entered into with the 
Company.  The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is: 

Cash at bank 
Other receivables 

2018 
£000 
337 
296 
633 

2017 
£000 
372 
486 
858 

The Company’s cash balances are held in accounts with Barclays Bank plc, and with its Investment Broker accounts. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

18  Financial instruments and related disclosures continued 

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities 
Financial assets and liabilities are carried in the Statement of Financial Position at either their fair value (available-for-sale 
investments) or at a reasonable approximation of the fair value (trade and other receivables, trade and other payables and 
cash at bank). 

The fair values are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between 
willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. 

Trade and other receivables in scope of IAS 39 
The following table sets out financial assets within Trade and other receivables which fall within the scope of IAS39.  These 
assets are non-interest earning. 

Financial assets in scope of IAS39 
Trade and other receivables (Note 12)  

2018 
£000 
296 

2017 
£000 
486 

There are no financial assets which are past due and for which no provision for bad or doubtful debts has been made. 

Trade and other payables in scope of IAS39 
The following table sets out financial liabilities within Trade and other payables which fall within the scope of IAS39.  These 
financial  liabilities  are  predominantly  non-interest  bearing.    Other  liabilities  include  tax  and  social  security  payables  and 
provisions which do not constitute  contractual obligations to deliver cash or other financial assets, which are outside the 
scope of IAS39. 

Financial liabilities in scope of IAS39 
Total trade and other payables (Note 13) 

19  Share schemes 

2018 
£000 
308 

2017 
£000 
177 

The Company has a share option scheme for all employees (including Directors).  Options are exercisable at a price agreed at 
the date of grant.  The vesting period is usually between zero and five years.  The exercise of options is dependent upon 
eligible employees meeting performance criteria.  The options are settled in equity once exercised. 

If  the  options  remain  unexercised  after  their  expiry  date,  the  options  expire.    Options  lapse  if  the  employee  leaves  the 
Company before the options vest. 

Options issued, cancelled, & outstanding for the year ended 31 July 2018 

At 31 July 2016 

Options granted 
At 31 July 2017 

Options granted 
Options cancelled 
At 31 July 2018 

Range of exercise prices 

Weighted average remaining contractual life 

  Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
0.60p 

Number  
32,650,840 

- 
32,650,840 

330,000,000 
(20,000,000) 
342,650,840 

- 
0.60p 

0.05p 
0.22p 
0.11p 

0.05p – 8.65p 

3.89 years 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

19  Share schemes continued 

Options outstanding & exercisable at 31 July 2018 

Date of grant 
6 August 2008 
1 December 2010 
1 April 2015 
7 August 2017 
12 February 2018 
Total 

Number 
1,031,990 
1,618,850 
10,000,000 
300,000,000 
30,000,000 
342,650,840 

Exercise 
price (p) 
8.65p 
5.25p 
0.22p 
0.05p 
0.05p 

Expiry 
date 
06/08/2018 
30/11/2020 
01/04/2020 
30/06/2022 
11/02/2023 

A modified Black-Scholes model has been used to determine the fair value of the share options on the date of grant.  The fair 
value is expensed to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which is determined annually.  The 
model assesses a number of factors in calculating the fair value.  These include the market price on the date of grant, the 
exercise price of the share options, the expected share price volatility of the Company’s share price, the expected life of the 
options, the risk-free rate of interest and the expected level of dividends in future periods. 

For those options granted where IFRS 2 "Share-Based Payment" is applicable, the fair values were calculated using the Black-
Scholes model.  The inputs into the model were as follows: 

Risk free rate 

7 August 2017 

12 February 2018 

1.4% 

1.4% 

Share price 
volatility 

91.4% 

84.9% 

Expected life 

4.9 years 

5 years 

Share price at 
date of grant 

£0.00045 

£0.00041 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company's share price for 12 months prior to 
the date of grant.  The expected life used in the model is the term of the options. 

Charges to the statement of comprehensive income 

Share based payment charges 

Warrants in issue 

2018 
£000 
100 

2017 
£000 
- 

As at 31 July 2018 and at 31 July 2017, no warrants remained outstanding, no warrants expired during the year.  (2017: nil). 
No warrants were issued during the year (2017: nil). 

20  Commitments and contingencies 

The directors have confirmed that there were no contingent liabilities or capital commitments which should be disclosed at 
31 July 2018. 

21  Ultimate controlling party 

There is not considered to be an ultimate controlling party of the company. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED 

22  Events after the end of the reporting period 

On 20 August 2018 the Company made an announcement regarding the conditional disposal of its 2% interest in Horse Hill 
Developments Limited ("HHDL") to UK Oil and Gas plc ("UKOG").  Subsequently, on 30 August 2018, the Company announced 
that, as a result of an agreement by UKOG regarding its acquisition of an additional 15% of HHDL from Solo Oil plc ("Solo 
Transaction") stating that, to ensure parity with the acquisition of 2% of HHDL announced on 20 August 2018, UKOG had  
agreed  with  the  Company  to  issue  it  with  a  further  2,600,469  new  ordinary  shares  in  UKOG  in  order  that  both  the  Solo 
Transaction and the Company's transaction will be completed at £300,000 per 1% of HHDL. The Company is therefore pleased 
to announce that it has been advised that it will receive increased sale consideration of  £50,000 by way of the additional 
2,600,469 UKOG shares. As a result of this increase the total consideration receivable by the Company is £600,000, made up 
of £50,000 in cash and the balance of £550,000 by way of 31,171,898 UKOG shares.  This is conditional on the written consent 
of each of the members of HHDL to the sale of shares as set out in HHDL's articles of association. 

On 19 September 2018, the Company announced an update regarding its investee company, Sunshine Minerals ("Sunshine"). 
The Company had been informed by the management of Sunshine that Metminco Limited (AIM: MNC, ASX: MNC) has entered 
into  a  binding  term  sheet  with  Sunshine  to  conditionally  acquire  100%  of  the  shares  in  Sunshine  as  set out  below  (the 
"Transaction"): 

a)    a non-refundable deposit of A$50,000 to be paid within 10 days, which is to be used to pay part of the surface 
access fees payable for the Jejevo Project; 
b)    A$1,500,000 less the deposit and any agreed Sunshine debt through the issue of 250,000,000 Metminco shares 
at a deemed issue price of A$0.006 each; 
c)      A  further  250,000,000  Metminco  shares  upon  announcement  to  the  ASX  by  Metminco  of  an  initial  JORC 
compliant resource estimate at Jejevo Nickel Project of at least 125,000 tonnes of contained nickel metal at a cut-
off grade of not less than 0.7% nickel, which must be based upon exploration information delivered to Metminco by 
Sunshine and exploration work undertaken by Metminco in the amount of not greater than A$500,000; and 
d)    the issue of 500,000,000 Metminco  Shares upon the  receipt  by Sunshine of a  mining licence over its  Jejevo 
Nickel Project. 

The  Transaction  is  conditional, inter  alia,  on  completion  of  due  diligence  on  Sunshine  to  the  satisfaction  of 
Metminco, the completion of a minimum of A$3m equity capital raising by Metminco and receipt of various waivers 
and regulatory approvals. 

Currently, the Company holds 10% of the issued share capital of Sunshine and a £200,000 convertible loan note 
which converts into a further 10% of Sunshine's issued share capital.  As part of the Transaction, the Company has 
agreed to convert its convertible loan note.  This will result in the Company owning 4,200,000 shares in Sunshine 
out of a total of 21,230,000 shares representing approximately 19.8% of the issued share capital. 

Metminco is raising A$3,000,000 in conjunction with the Transaction and the Company has agreed to subscribe for 
A$50,000 of shares. Metminco has also stated its intention to apply for the cancellation of the admission of its shares 
to trading on AIM. 

31