Huami Corporation
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) ☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to OR ☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commission file number: 001-38369 Huami Corporation (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) N/A (Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English) Cayman Islands (Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) Building H8, No. 2800, Chuangxin Road Hefei, 230088 People’s Republic of China (Address of Principal Executive Offices) David Cui, Chief Financial Officer Building H8, No. 2800, Chuangxin Road Hefei, 230088 People’s Republic of China Phone: +86 551-65837200 Email: david.cui@huami.com (Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class American depositary shares (each representing four Class A ordinary shares Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share) Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share* *Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange of American depositary shares. Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: As of December 31, 2018, there were (i) 57,303,093 Class A ordinary shares outstanding, par value US$0.0001 per share (excluding the 510,396 Class A ordinary shares issued to the depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under the 2015 Share Incentive Plan and the 2018 Share Incentive Plan), and (ii) 184,376,679 Class B ordinary shares outstanding, par value US$0.0001 per share. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☐ Accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☒ ☒ If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒ †The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: U.S. GAAP ☒ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ Other ☐ If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18 If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No (APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. ☐ Yes ☐ No Table of Contents INTRODUCTION FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS PART I TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 1. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. ITEM 4A. ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. ITEM 15. ITEM 16A. ITEM 16B. ITEM 16C. ITEM 16D. ITEM 16E. ITEM 16F. ITEM 16G. ITEM 16H. PART II. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE KEY INFORMATION INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS FINANCIAL INFORMATION THE OFFER AND LISTING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT CODE OF ETHICS PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE PART III. ITEM 17. ITEM 18. ITEM 19. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS EXHIBITS 1 2 3 3 3 3 33 54 55 74 83 86 86 87 96 97 99 99 99 99 100 100 101 101 101 101 101 101 102 102 102 102 Table of Contents Unless otherwise indicated and except where the context otherwise requires, in this annual report on Form 20-F: INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • “ADSs” refer to our American depositary shares, each of which represents four Class A ordinary shares; “ADRs” refer to the American depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs; “China” or the “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this annual report only, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan; “Class A ordinary shares” refer to our class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share; “Class B ordinary shares” refer to our class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share; “Huami,” “we,” “us,” “our company” or “our” refer to Huami Corporation, our Cayman Islands holding company and its subsidiaries, its consolidated variable interest entities and the subsidiaries of the consolidated variable interest entities; “Memorandum and Articles” refer to the second amended and restated memorandum of association and articles of association adopted by a special resolution passed on January 12, 2018 and effective on February 12, 2018; “Mobile App MAUs” refer to monthly active users of our mobile apps, which are represented by the number of accounts that have been logged into on our mobile apps during a given calendar month. The numbers of our Mobile App MAUs are calculated using internal company data that have not been independently verified. It is possible that some users may have set up more than one account; “ordinary shares” refer to our Class A and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share; “Our platform” refers to the products and mobile apps that we provide to users and platform partners; “our VIEs” refer to Anhui Huami Information Technology Co., Ltd., a company incorporated in the PRC, and Huami (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd., a company incorporated in the PRC; “RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of China; “Shunyuan Kaihua” or “our WFOE” refers to Beijing Shunyuan Kaihua Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned foreign enterprise incorporated with limited liability in the PRC; “US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” or “dollars” refer to the legal currency of the United States; “Xiaomi” refers to Xiaomi Corporation, of which we have been the sole partner to design and manufacture Xiaomi Wearable Products; and “Xiaomi Wearable Products” refer to Xiaomi-branded smart bands, watches (excluding children watches and quartz watches), scales and associated accessories, which we design and manufacture for Xiaomi. 1 Table of Contents FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigations Reform Act of 1995. You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to: • • • • • • • our goals and strategies; our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations; the expected growth of the smart wearable devices industry; our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services; our expectations regarding our relationships Xiaomi, our other distributors, customers, contract manufacturers, component suppliers, strategic partners and other stakeholders; competition in our industry; and relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry. You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Other sections of this annual report discuss factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report are made at a rate of RMB6.8755 to US$1.00, the exchange rate in effect as of December 31, 2018 as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. 2 Table of Contents ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS Not applicable. ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE PART I Not applicable. ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION A. Selected Financial Data Our Selected Consolidated Financial Data The following selected consolidated statements of operating data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 and selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statements of operating data for the year ended December 31, 2015, the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and selected consolidated cash flow data for the year ended December 31, 2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. 3 Table of Contents You should read the selected consolidated financial information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results expected for future periods. 2015 RMB 2016 RMB Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB (in thousands, except for per share data) RMB 2018 US$ Selected Consolidated Statements of Operating Data: Revenues(1) Cost of revenues(2) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development expenses(3) General and administrative expenses(3) Selling and marketing expenses(3) Total operating expenses Operating (loss)/income Other income and expenses: Realized gain from investments Interest income Gain from fair value change of long-term investments Impairment loss from long-term investments Other income (Loss)/income before income tax Income tax benefit/(expense) (Loss)/income before loss from equity method investments (Loss)/Income from equity method investments Net (loss)/income Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest Net (loss)/income attributable to Huami Corporation Net (loss)/income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Huami Corporation: Basic (loss)/income per ordinary share Diluted (loss)/income per ordinary share Notes: 896,458 785,867 110,591 1,556,476 1,280,324 276,152 2,048,896 1,554,194 494,702 3,645,335 2,705,885 939,450 530,192 393,555 136,637 61,553 69,984 19,168 150,705 (40,114) — 255 — — 1,109 (38,750) 897 (37,853) — (37,853) — (37,853) 132,304 102,644 27,821 262,769 13,383 — 754 — — 14,726 28,863 (3,088) 25,775 (1,829) 23,946 — 23,946 153,827 114,880 44,026 312,733 181,969 2,373 3,003 — — 4,555 191,900 (27,611) 164,289 2,806 167,095 (587) 167,682 263,220 213,973 96,538 573,731 365,719 261 11,595 7,860 (7,590) 8,768 386,613 (52,036) 334,577 1,743 336,320 (3,726) 340,046 38,284 31,121 14,041 83,446 53,191 38 1,686 1,143 (1,104) 1,275 56,229 (7,568) 48,661 254 48,915 (542) 49,457 (1.22) (1.22) (0.22) (0.22) 0.68 0.65 0.54 0.51 0.08 0.07 (1) (2) (3) Includes RMB876.7 million, RMB1,449.9 million, RMB1,778.6 million and RMB2,817.0 million (US$409.7 million) with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Includes RMB762.9 million, RMB1,198.3 million, RMB1,355.5 million and RMB2,141.1 million (US$311.4 million) with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Share-based compensation expenses were included in operating expenses. Our share-based compensation expenses were the result of (i) our grants of options, restricted shares and restricted share units under our share incentive plans to our employees, and (ii) the share restriction agreements entered into among our founders and our preferred shareholders in relation to our private financing transactions in January 2014 and April 2015. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we recorded share-based compensation expenses of RMB37.2 million, RMB50.8 million, RMB51.5 million and RMB55.3 million (US$8.0 million), respectively, in relation to the vesting of the restricted shares of our founders under the share restriction agreements. 4 Table of Contents The following table presents our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of the dates indicated. Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable (net of allowance of nil, nil and nil as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Amount due from related parties (net of allowance of nil, nil and nil as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Inventories Non-current assets: Property, plant and equipment, net Total assets Current liabilities: Accounts payable Bank borrowings Total liabilities Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity 2015 RMB 2016 RMB As of December 31, 2017 RMB (in thousands) 2018 RMB US$ 219,987 153,152 366,336 1,441,802 209,701 21,924 19,707 32,867 58,925 8,570 172,966 89,946 2,926 529,079 252,073 — 277,823 529,079 476,698 192,372 10,801 972,896 524,072 10,000 634,370 972,896 578,454 249,735 656,399 484,622 28,755 1,465,517 40,042 3,258,481 707,782 30,000 887,735 1,465,517 1,064,106 20,000 1,448,903 3,258,481 95,469 70,485 5,824 473,927 154,768 2,909 210,734 473,927 The following table presents our selected cash flows for the years indicated. Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data: Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of year Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year B. Capitalization and Indebtedness Not applicable. C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds Not applicable. 2015 RMB 2016 RMB Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB (in thousands) 2018 RMB US$ (6,767) (4,911) 214,063 202,385 10,226 7,376 219,987 17,266 (99,387) 10,024 (72,097) 5,262 238,336 (38,881) 20,089 219,544 (3,175) 707,605 (324,841) 639,170 1,021,934 60,357 219,987 153,152 153,152 369,521 369,521 1,451,812 102,917 (47,246) 92,963 148,634 8,779 53,744 211,157 5 Table of Contents D. Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business Xiaomi is our most important customer and distribution channel. Any deterioration of our relationship with Xiaomi or reduction of sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Xiaomi is the sole customer and distribution channel for all Xiaomi Wearable Products, and it held 14.8% of our total outstanding shares as of March 31, 2019. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products contributed 92.1%, 78.8% and 66.9% of our revenues, respectively. We entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi in October 2017, which grants us the most-preferred-partner status globally to develop future Xiaomi Wearable Products. This strategic cooperation agreement can be terminated by Xiaomi and we can therefore lose the most-preferred- partner status if we fail to meet the various requirements set out in the agreement, such as requirements on product launching timetable, product quality and annual sales target of Xiaomi Wearable Products. In addition, Xiaomi has the option to develop by itself or engage other companies to develop similar and competing products, if such companies can offer better terms and services than we do—for example such companies may ask for less profit sharing or less intellectual property rights from their cooperation with Xiaomi. The strategic cooperation agreement will expire in October 2020; we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew this agreement upon its expiry or on the same terms. If for any reason, we cannot maintain our cooperation relationship with Xiaomi or renew the strategic cooperation agreement with terms equally favorable to us as compared to those in the existing agreement, our business and operation results may be materially and adversely affected. For more details of the strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, including under what circumstances it can be early terminated, please see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transaction—Our Relationship with Xiaomi—Strategic Cooperation Agreement.” In addition, pursuant to our business cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, we and Xiaomi shall jointly set the retail price of Xiaomi Wearable Products (including the Mi Band Series). Because we cannot unilaterally determine the retail price of Xiaomi Wearable Products, particularly future Xiaomi Wearable Products, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to introduce Xiaomi Wearable Products with retail price levels that can sustain or improve our gross or net profit margins. Furthermore, marketing considerations on the part of Xiaomi and other factors beyond our control may also cause Xiaomi Wearable Products to be priced at relatively low levels that may negatively affect the gross and net profit margins of Xiaomi Wearable Products, as a result of which our business and operation results may be materially and adversely affected. Xiaomi is also an important distribution channel for our self-branded products. If Xiaomi is not successful in selling our products, which in turn can be due to various reasons, including lower demand, market competition and decreasing efficiency of distribution network, our revenue may decrease. Furthermore, negative publicity related to Xiaomi, including products offered by Xiaomi, the celebrities Xiaomi is associated with, or even the labor policies of any of Xiaomi’s suppliers or manufacturers may have a material adverse effect on the sales of our products. In addition, Xiaomi sells a broad spectrum of electronic products through its online and offline channels. We cannot assure you that our products can always receive the same level of attention and promotion efforts from Xiaomi as they have been so far receiving. In the event that Xiaomi dedicates less resources in promoting and selling our products, our revenue may decrease as well. If we lose Xiaomi as our customer or distribution channel for any reason, we will need to build a larger distribution network on our own, which can be time and resource consuming, and there is no assurance that we can achieve that in an effective and efficient manner, or at all. When exercising its rights as our shareholder, Xiaomi may take into account not only the interests of our company and our shareholders but also its interests and the interests of its other affiliates. The interests of our company and our shareholders may at times conflict with the interests of Xiaomi and its affiliates. Such conflicts may result in lost corporate opportunities for our company, including opportunities to enter into lines of business that may overlap with those pursued by Xiaomi and/or the companies within its ecosystem. If we fail to successfully and timely develop and commercialize new products, services and technologies, our operating results may be materially and adversely affected. Historically, sales of smart bands and watches contributed a significant majority of our revenues and our growth has been influenced by our product launches and product cycle. In particular, sales of our smart band products and watches (including Xiaomi- and Amazfit-branded products) contributed 85.8%, 86.6% and 90.7% of our total revenues in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Our future growth depends on whether we can continually develop and introduce new generations of our existing product lines and new forms of smart wearable technology with enhanced functionalities and value-added services in a timely manner. This is particularly important in the current industry landscape where technology and consumer preference evolve constantly and rapidly, which may cause our existing products to reach the end of their lifecycles prematurely and require us to introduce new products with enhanced functionalities to 6 Table of Contents sustain our growth. Our capability to roll out new or enhanced products and services in turn depend on a number of factors, including timely and successful research and development efforts by us as well as our suppliers to bring cutting-edge technologies to the market, quality control of service provision and product manufacturing and the effectiveness of our distribution channels. Pursuant to our strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, we are also required to consult Xiaomi regarding the product launch timetable for Xiaomi Wearable Products. If we are unable to commercialize appealing new products, functionalities, services or innovative technologies leveraging our data in a timely manner and introduce them to consumers at attractive price points compared to our existing products and competing products, or our new products, services or technologies are not accepted or adopted by consumers, our competitors may increase their market share, which could adversely impact our operating results. In addition, the research and development of new or enhanced products and services can be complex and costly. Given the complexity, we could experience delays in completing the development and introduction of new and enhanced services and products in the future. Our research and development effort may not yield the benefits we expect to achieve at all after we dedicate our time and resources into it. We are endeavoring to apply our products in more scenarios, and medical use is one area that we put in significant efforts. Some of our existing products monitor users’ cardiac cycle, which have significant potential for medical application. For example, a doctor may use our products to monitor the cardiac cycle of his or her patients. In such applications, our products may be deemed as medical devices, and we may be required to obtain the relevant medical device registration certificate. In addition, we may be required to obtain the relevant medical device registration certificates for our existing products if any new rules or regulations promulgated by relevant governmental authorities classify our existing products as medical devices. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulation on Medical Device.” We have obtained the medical device registration certificate for our ECG health band products. The process of obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals to market a medical device for our other products, however, can be costly and time consuming. We may not be able to obtain these clearances or approvals on a timely basis, or at all, in order to extend our business into the medical use wearable device market. Moreover, even if we successfully obtain the required approvals for our products, given the complex and stringent nature of regulations on medical devices, failure to comply with applicable China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) regulations will subject us to enforcement actions such as fines, civil penalties or recalls of products, which could harm our reputation and operating results. We operate in highly competitive markets and the scale and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can, which could result in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenue and profitability. We offer a number of products and services and compete with a variety of competitors. For example, the smart wearables market has a multitude of participants, including consumer electronics companies specialized in smart wearable technology, such as Fitbit and Garmin; large, broad-based consumer electronics companies that either compete in our market or adjacent markets, or have announced plans to do so, such as Huawei, Apple and Samsung; traditional health and fitness companies and traditional watch companies. We also face competition from local providers of similar products in the various regions and countries where our products are distributed. Intensified competition may result in pricing pressures and reduced profit margins and may impede our ability to continue to increase the sales of our products or cause us to lose market share, any of which could substantially harm our results of operations. Many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as: (i) longer operating history, (ii) the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products, (iii) more established relationships with a larger number of suppliers, contract manufacturers and channel partners, (iv) access to larger and broader user bases, (v) greater brand recognition, (vi) greater financial, research and development, marketing, distribution and other resources, (vii) more resources to make investments and acquisitions, (viii) larger intellectual property portfolios, and (ix) the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services. If we are unable to anticipate and satisfy consumer preferences in a timely manner or if technological innovation renders existing smart wearable technology non-competitive or obsolete, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Consumer preferences in smart wearable devices are changing rapidly and difficult to predict. Consumers may decide not to purchase our products and services as their preferences shift to different types or designs of smart wearable devices, or even move away from these categories of products and services altogether. In particular, new technologies might bring about industry-wide impacts and make the category of smart bands and watches less appealing or obsolete. In addition, our new products and services with additional features have higher prices than many of our earlier products, which may not appeal to as large a consumer base. Accordingly, if we fail to anticipate and satisfy consumer preferences in a timely manner, or if it is perceived that our future products and services will not satisfy consumer preferences, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, as the smart wearable technology continues to develop, the functions of smart bands and smart watches may converge, which in turn may cause our smart band product lines to compete with our smart watch product lines and inhibit our future growth. 7 Table of Contents Our future success depends on our ability to promote our own brands and protect our reputation. The failure to establish and promote our brands, including Amazfit, and any damage to our reputation will hinder our growth. Since September 2015, we have begun to use the brand, “Amazfit,” to sell our products that are not designed and manufactured for Xiaomi to address the middle to high-end market. Prior to that, all of our products were Xiaomi Wearable Products. We believe the strategy to establish and promote our own brand is crucial to our future success as it expands our addressable market and gives us more flexibility in terms of pricing, distribution and marketing compared to our cooperation with Xiaomi on Xiaomi Wearable Products. We have invested, and will need to continue to dedicate, significant time, efforts and resources to build our own brand recognition. Shipments of our self-branded products have increased from approximately 1.0 million units in 2017 to approximately 3.1 million units in 2018. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, revenues from our self-branded products and others segment, substantially all of which was from the sales of our self-branded products, were RMB434.4 million and RMB1,205.8 million (US$175.4 million), representing 21.2% and 33.1% of our total revenues, respectively. However, we cannot guarantee that the shipment of our self-branded products will continue to grow, or that our promotion efforts will ultimately be successful, as it involves numerous factors including the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to provide consistent, high quality products and services, and our consumers’ satisfaction with the technical support and software updates we provide. In addition, negative publicity related to our brand, products, contract manufacturers, component suppliers, distributors, strategic partners and the celebrities we are associated with could damage and offset our effort to promote our own brands. For example, our company name in Chinese character, “(cid:0) (cid:0),” has been preempted as a trademark by a company unaffiliated to us under certain trademark categories in China. This company currently manufactures and sells products and service lines similar to ours using this trademark. As a result, consumers may be confused and associate any quality issue on the products and services they provide with us, which will have an adverse impact on our brand image. In addition, although brand security initiatives are in place, we cannot guarantee that our efforts against the counterfeiting of our brands will be successful. If a third-party copies our products in a manner that projects lesser quality or carries a negative connotation, our brand image could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, our company name Huami and our brand Amazfit have been preempted as trademarks by third parties in a number of countries overseas, including Turkey (with respect to our company name), as well as Spain, Indonesia, the Philippines and Paraguay (with respect to Amazfit and related logos). While we are contesting the registration of these trademarks by such third parties in each of these countries, we cannot assure you that we will prevail in these proceedings. We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and rely on several contract manufacturers to produce our products. If we encounter issues with these contract manufacturers, our business, brand and results of operations could be harmed. We do not maintain our own manufacturing capabilities and rely on contract manufactures to produce our products. We assign the production of Mi Band series and Mi Smart Scale series to a number of manufacturers while each of our self-branded product lines is assigned to a corresponding manufacturer. We may experience operational difficulties with our manufacturers, including reductions in the availability of production capacity, failures to comply with product specifications, insufficient quality control, failures to meet production deadlines, increases in manufacturing costs and longer lead time required. Our manufacturers may experience disruptions in their manufacturing operations due to equipment breakdowns, labor strikes or shortages, natural disasters, component or material shortages, cost increases or other similar problems. In addition, we may not be able to renew contracts with our contract manufacturers or identify manufacturers who are capable of producing new products we target to launch in the future. We are susceptible to supply shortages, long lead time for raw materials and components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain and have a material adverse impact on our results of operation because some of the key components of our products, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) system-on-chip and sensors, come from a limited number or a single source of supply. All of the components and raw materials used to produce our products are sourced from third-party suppliers, and some of these components are sourced from a limited number of or a single supplier. Therefore, we are subject to risks of shortages or discontinuation in supply, long lead time, cost increases and quality control issues given the limited sources of suppliers. In addition, some of our suppliers may have more established relationships with our competitors, and as a result of such relationships, such suppliers may choose to limit or terminate their relationship with us or prioritize our competitors’ orders in the case of supply shortages. We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience component shortages. For example, we experienced component shortages and longer lead time for components such as PPG (photoplethysmography) sensors in 2018, due to higher than expected demand for Xiaomi Wearable Products and our smart watches product lines. In addition, as many of electronics component suppliers are concentrated in East and Southeast Asia, there have been industry-wide conditions, natural disasters and global events in the past that have caused material shortages for components, such as a shortage of flash memory in 2011 in aftermath of the tragic earthquake and tsunami in Japan. While component shortages have historically been immaterial, they could be material in the future. In the event of a component shortage or supply interruption from suppliers of key components, we will need to identify alternate sources of supply, which can be time-consuming, difficult and costly. We may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our ability to meet our production requirements or to fill our orders in a timely manner. This could cause delays in shipment of our products, harm our relationships with our customers, distributors and users, and adversely affect our results of operations. 8 Table of Contents Our operating results could be materially harmed if we or Xiaomi is unable to accurately forecast consumer demand for our products and services or manage our inventory. To ensure adequate inventory supply for our products, we procure raw materials and components based on sales and production forecasts. The ability to accurately forecast demand for our products and services could be affected by many factors, including changes in customer demand for our products and services or our competitors’, sales promotions by us or our competitors, sales channel inventory levels, and unanticipated changes in general market and economic conditions. In addition, as we continue to introduce new products and services, we may also face challenges managing the production plan of our existing products, which may in turn affect the inventory management for our existing products. If we or Xiaomi fails to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products available for sale. After we sell Xiaomi Wearable Products to Xiaomi, Xiaomi will only have limited right of return if the products have quality issues and will largely bear the inventory risks of such products. However, inventory levels in excess of end-customer demand may still ultimately result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which may cause our gross margin to suffer and could impair the strength of our brand. On the other hand, in the case we experience shortage of products, we may be unable to meet the demand for our products, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. We expect that it will become more difficult to forecast demand as we introduce and develop a more diverse product portfolio and as market competition for similar products intensifies. We collect, store, process and use personal information and other user data, which subjects us to governmental regulations and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security, and data protection, and any security breaches or our actual or perceived failure to comply with such legal obligations could harm our brand and business. Exploring growth opportunities with our wealth of data is one of our key strategies. Due to the volume and sensitivity of the personal information and biometric data we collect and manage and the nature of our products, the security features of our enterprise platform and information systems are critical. We have adopted security policies and measures, including encryption technology, to protect our proprietary data and user information. However, our enterprise platform and information systems may be targets of attacks, such as viruses, malware or phishing attempts by cyber criminals or other wrongdoers seeking to steal our user data for financial gain or to harm our business operations or reputation. The loss, misuse or compromise of such information may result in costly investigations, remediation efforts and notification to affected users. If such content is accessed by unauthorized third parties or deleted inadvertently by us or third parties, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected. Cyber-attacks could also adversely affect our operating results, consume internal resources, and result in litigation or potential liability for us and otherwise harm our business. In addition, according to our cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, both Xiaomi and we have access and can collect and use user data of Xiaomi Wearable Products. Consequently, any leak or abuse of user data by Xiaomi may be perceived by consumers as a result of the compromise of our information security system. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal and administrative obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other user data, could cause our users to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims. A growing number of legislative and regulatory bodies have adopted consumer notification requirements in the event of unauthorized access to or acquisition of certain types of personal data. Such breach notification laws continue to evolve and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another, which might become a particular concern as we accelerate our international expansion. Complying with these obligations could cause us to incur substantial costs and could increase negative publicity surrounding any incident that compromises user data. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations could also result in regulatory enforcement actions against us. Our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products, and our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technologies, products, or other aspects of our business infringe third party intellectual property or if third parties infringe our rights. We may fail to own or apply for key trademarks or patents on important products, services, technologies or designs in a timely fashion, or at all, both in China and overseas. For example, our company name in Chinese characters, “(cid:0)(cid:0)”, has been registered as a trademark by a company unaffiliated to us in certain trademark categories in China. As such, we currently cannot use the “(cid:0)(cid:0)” trademark in certain categories of products and our self-branded products are sold under the brand name of “Amazfit.” In addition, this company currently manufactures and sells products and service lines similar to ours under the “(cid:0)(cid:0)” trademark. As a result, consumers may be confused and associate any quality issue on the products and services they provide with us, which will have an adverse impact on our brand image. Furthermore, the “ (cid:0) (cid:0) ” trademark in several other trademark categories—which is contractually owned jointly by Xiaomi and us—is currently registered under the name of Xiaomi alone. Xiaomi is in the process of transferring its title to us pursuant to the relevant agreement. However, in the event that the transfer process is not completed as planned, we will not be able to use “(cid:0)(cid:0)” as a trademark in these additional categories as well. We have registered “Amazfit” as our trademarks in China in several categories and in the U.S., and we are in the process of registering it in additional categories or in combination with logo. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to register the trademark of “Amazfit” in all of the categories or formats as we desire. The pending applications for registration of “Amazfit” and related logos were initially unsuccessful, challenged or rejected in Spain, Indonesia, the Philippines, Paraguay, Pakistan, India, Mexico, Japan and Peru for reasons including but not limited to third parties having already registered similar marks in those countries. Furthermore, the pending 9 Table of Contents applications for the registration of “Huami” were initially unsuccessful, challenged or rejected in Turkey, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, the European Union, India, Australia, Columbia, Japan and Peru. Accordingly, it may be possible, in those foreign countries where the status of various applications is pending, unclear, challenged or rejected, for a third-party owner of the national trademark registration for a similar mark to prohibit the manufacture, sale or exportation of our products in or from that country. Failure to register our trademarks or purchase or license the right to use our trademarks or logos in these countries could limit our ability to obtain supplies from, or manufacture in, less costly markets or penetrate new markets should our business plan include selling our products in those countries. Various other issues may arise with respect to our intellectual property portfolio. We and Xiaomi are co-owners of certain patents, certain other intellectual properties and user data related to Xiaomi Wearable Products. There is a possibility that Xiaomi may use these intellectual properties and user data to develop and manufacture competing products on its own or engage other companies leveraging such resources to do so. In addition, we may not have sufficient intellectual property rights in all countries and regions where unauthorized third-party copying or use of our proprietary technology may occur and the scope of our intellectual property might be more limited in certain countries and regions. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies or designs and/or may not prevent others from developing competing products, services, technologies or designs. We cannot predict the validity and enforceability of our patents and other intellectual property with certainty. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Initiating infringement proceedings against third parties can be expensive and time-consuming, and divert management’s attention from other business concerns. We may not prevail in litigation to enforce our intellectual property against unauthorized use. Additionally, we receive from time to time letters alleging infringement of patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights by us. If we continue to grow, we may not be able to effectively manage our growth and the increased complexity of our business, which could negatively impact our brand and financial performance. Since our founding in December 2013, our company has experienced rapid growth. Continued growth of our business requires us to expand our product development, sales and marketing, and distribution functions, to upgrade our management information systems and other processes and technology, and to secure more space for our expanding workforce. Such expansion could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience serious operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training, and managing an increasing number of employees. As we only have a limited history of operating our business at its current scale, it is difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. Our limited operating experience at this scale, combined with the rapidly evolving nature of the market in which we sell our products and services, substantial uncertainty concerning how these markets may develop, and other economic factors beyond our control, reduces our ability to accurately forecast quarterly or annual revenue. As such, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more developed and predictable market. Failure to manage our future growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition. We are subject to a variety of costs and risks due to our continued expansion internationally that may not be successful and could adversely affect our profitability and operating results. Our products have international versions that are manufactured for sales and distribution in overseas markets. The shipment volume of international versions of our products, as a percentage of our total shipment volume, increased from 12.8% in 2016 to 23.8% in 2017, and further to 44.2% in 2018. International expansion represents a large opportunity to further grow our business and enhance our competitive position, and is one of our core strategies. We may enter into new geographic markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and localizing and deploying our products. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant capital and other resources and our efforts may not be successful. International sales and operations may be subject to risks such as: • • • • • • limited brand recognition (compared with our home market in China); costs associated with establishing new distribution networks; foreign consumers’ preferences and customs; difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; burdens of complying with a wide variety of local laws and regulations, including packaging and labeling; adverse tax effects and foreign exchange controls making it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash; 10 Table of Contents • • • • • • • political and economic instability; trade restrictions, including sanction-related restrictions; differing employment practices and laws and labor disruptions; the imposition of government controls; lesser degrees of intellectual property protection; tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies; and a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption. The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business and operating results. In addition, the concern over these risks may also prevent us from entering into or releasing certain of our products in certain markets. Our current international expansion efforts primarily depend on Xiaomi’s brand recognition and distribution channels in markets outside China. If we are unable to leverage such advantage in the future, such as in the event that the brand recognition of Xiaomi deteriorates or Xiaomi fails to establish its global distribution network, our expansion efforts will be hindered. We are exposed to potential liabilities arising from the products we sell, and costs related to defective products could have a material adverse impact on us. Contractual disputes over warranties of our products can arise in the ordinary course of our business. In extreme situations, we may be exposed to potential personal injury liabilities as a result of the misuse or quality defects of the products we sell. There can be no assurance that we will not experience material product liability losses in the future, or that we will be able to defend such claims at a contained level of cost. We currently do not have product liability insurance, and we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain insurance coverage with sufficient coverage at an acceptable cost in the future. A successful claim brought against us in excess of our available insurance coverage may have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we had insignificant volume of product replacement or product return historically, the cost of product replacements or product returns may be substantial, and we could incur substantial costs in implementing modifications to fix the defects. In addition, due to the nature of some of our smart wearable devices, some users have had in the past and may in the future experience skin irritations or other biocompatibility issues not uncommon with jewelry or other wearable products that stay in contact with skin for extended periods of time. There have been a limited number of reports from some users of certain of our devices experiencing skin irritations. This negative publicity could harm the sales of our products and also adversely affect our relationships with distributors and retailers that sell our products, including causing them to be reluctant to continue to sell our products. If large numbers of users experience these problems, we could be subject to enforcement actions or the imposition of significant monetary fines or other penalties by regulatory agencies, and face personal injury or class action litigation, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. We also rely on the accuracy of sensors and our algorithms to ensure that our products can offer high measurement accuracy. Additionally, usages of our products in different physical environments or by different types of users may require delicate modification of our sensors and algorithms. There is, however, no assurance that the functionality of sensors from our suppliers or our algorithms can progress as much and as quickly to meet the demand of our users. Although we have not received any significant claims of the inaccuracy of measurements by our products in the past, these claims may occur from time to time. Such claims may further prompt warranty claims, regulatory investigations and litigation. In that case, our brand may suffer from negative publicity, which may then result in loss of consumer confidence and reduction of sales in our products. Furthermore, levels of warranty claims or estimated costs of warranty claims might materially affect our gross margins and operating results. Any failure to detect, prevent, or fix defects, or an increase in defects could result in a variety of consequences, including a greater number of returns and replacement of products than expected from Xiaomi or end users, and increases in warranty costs, regulatory proceedings and product recalls, which could harm our revenue and operating results. We currently offer a standard product warranty that the product will operate under normal use. For products that are sold to Xiaomi pursuant to our business cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, we offer an 18-month warranty which includes a six-month warranty to Xiaomi and an additional 12-month warranty to end-users. For products sold directly to end users, the warranty period is 12 months to end users. We generally elect to replace the defective products covered under the warranty. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of warranty costs in relation to the products sold is recorded as a component of cost of revenues. Therefore, the occurrence of real or perceived quality problems or material defects in our current and future products could expose us to warranty claims in excess of our current reserves. If we experience greater returns or replacement of defective products from Xiaomi or end users, or greater warranty claims, in excess of our reserves, our business, revenue, gross margin, and operating results could be harmed. 11 Table of Contents We cooperate with a wide range of strategic partners to enable diversified application scenarios, further enhance the performance of our products and expand our sales channels. If we fail to expand or maintain the pool of our strategic partners, the number of application scenarios, the performance of our products and our sales channels may not grow or develop as quickly, or at all, which may reduce the attractiveness of our products. Any underperformance or negative publicity of our strategic partners may also adversely affect our operating results. It requires resources and contributions from a variety of market players to capitalize on the data and user base that we have accumulated so far. We have been actively seeking strategic cooperation opportunities on this front to create diverse application scenarios of our products. Furthermore, we have been pursuing collaborative relationships with leading wearable hardware companies with advanced know-how in order to develop increasingly sophisticated products, as well as partnership opportunities to expand our sales channels. We anticipate that we will continue to leverage strategic relationships with existing strategic partners to grow our business while pursuing new relationships with additional strategic partners. Pursuing, establishing and maintaining relationships with strategic partners require significant time and resources. If we fail to expand or maintain the pool of our partners, the growth of application scenarios, the development and performance of our products and the expansion of our sales channels may slow down or even wither, which in turn may affect the willingness of our users to purchase our products. As in any cooperation relationship, the success of our initiatives to extend the application scenarios of and further drive the performance of our products, as well as our sales channels, together with our strategic partners involves many factors beyond our control. Additionally, there can be no assurances that our choices of strategic partners can always deliver satisfactory performance to our users, that our strategic partners would not replace us with any of our competitors, and that our current strategic partners would not leave the market. Further, as we associate ourselves with these strategic partners in providing services, any negative publicity on them may also have adverse impact on our own reputation. Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key employees, including our founder Mr. Wang Huang, and on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. In particular, we are highly dependent on the contributions of our founder Mr. Wang Huang, as well as other members of our senior management team. The loss of any key personnel could be disruptive to our operations and research and development activities, reduce our employee retention and revenue, and impair our ability to compete. Certain director may have conflicts of interest. One of our directors Mr. De Liu is also a co-founder and a senior vice president of Xiaomi. Such association may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, especially with regarding to our business cooperation with Xiaomi. Directors of our company are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best of our interests and to disclose any interest that they may have in any of our projects or opportunities. In addition, we have adopted a code of ethics and an audit committee charter. The code of ethics provides that an interested director needs to refrain from participating in any discussion among senior officers of our company relating to an interested business and may not be involved in any proposed transaction with such interested business. Furthermore, the audit committee charter provides that most related party transactions must be pre-approved by the audit committee, a majority of which consists of independent directors. Our audit committee charter, however, exempts the pre-approval requirement for related party transactions that are immaterial to us or not unusual by nature. In the event of such transactions with Xiaomi, Mr. Liu will still be entitled to vote in our board meeting, and we cannot assure you that Mr. Liu’s decision will not be impacted by any potential conflict of interest arising from his relationship with Xiaomi. We have granted, and may continue to grant, options and other types of awards under our share incentive plan, which may result in increased share- based compensation expenses. We adopted a share incentive plan in 2015 and 2018, which we refer to as the 2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan, respectively, in this annual report, for the purpose of granting share-based compensation awards to employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and align their interests with ours. We recognize expenses in our consolidated statement of income in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under our two share incentive plans, we are authorized to grant options and other types of awards. The maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2015 Plan is 14,328,358 Class A ordinary shares. The maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued initially pursuant to all awards under the 2018 Plan is 9,559,607 ordinary shares. The number of shares reserved for future issuances under the 2018 Plan will be increased by (i) a number equal to 1.0% of the total number of outstanding shares, or (ii) such number of shares as may be determined by our board of directors, on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the 2018 Plan beginning in 2018. As of March 31, 2019, awards to purchase 13,808,028 Class A ordinary shares under the 2015 Plan have been granted and outstanding, excluding awards that were forfeited or cancelled after the relevant grant dates. As of March 31, 2019, awards to purchase 7,160,025 Class A ordinary shares under the 2018 Plan have been granted and outstanding, excluding awards that were forfeited or cancelled after the relevant grant dates. Some of our outstanding awards set the completion of an initial public offering of our ordinary shares as a performance condition for vesting. As a result, a number of awards have become vested when we completed our initial public offering, and we recorded a significant share-based compensation expense on the completion date of our initial public offering. As of December 31, 2018, our unrecognized share-based compensation expenses amounted to RMB105.4 million (US$15.3 million). 12 Table of Contents We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense and we may incur significant costs or not successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In addition, if any of our senior management or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose knowhow, trade secrets, business partners and key personnel. Furthermore, perspective candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Thus, our ability to attract or retain highly skilled employees may be adversely affected by declines in the perceived value of our equity or equity awards. Furthermore, there are no assurances that the number of shares reserved for issuance under our share incentive plans will be sufficient to grant equity awards adequate to recruit new employees and to compensate existing employees. Higher labor costs and inflation may adversely affect our business and our profitability. Labor costs in China have risen in recent years as a result of the enactment of new labor laws and social development. Given our contract manufacturers are currently all located in China, rising labor costs in China will increase their costs, which in turn may be reflected in the manufacturing fees charged by these contract manufacturers to us. In addition, we have witnessed growing inflation rates in many areas of the world, and particularly in Asia where we procure most of our raw materials, which adversely affects us and our suppliers alike. The rising costs as a result of higher labor cost of our contract manufacturers and increasing raw material price, on the other hand, cannot be easily passed to end consumers in the form of higher retail sale prices due to severe competition in the smart wearable device market. Our profitability therefore may be adversely affected if labor cost and inflation continue to rise in the future. Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations and if our sales fall below our forecasts, our overall financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may be caused by product launches and various promotional events hosted by our distributors. Our revenues have been higher in the fourth quarter each year primarily as a result of (i) holiday sales for Black Friday and Cyber Monday and during the lead-up to Christmas and (ii) promotional events organized by TMall and other e-commerce platforms. Accordingly, any shortfall in expected fourth quarter revenue would adversely affect our annual operating results. Furthermore, our rapid growth may obscure the extent to which seasonality trends have affected our business. Accordingly, yearly or quarterly comparisons of our operating results may not be useful and our results in any particular period will not necessarily be indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. You should not rely on our Mobile App MAU or number of registered users metrics as indicators of future retention of users, continual user engagement or other revenue opportunities. Our MAU metric tracks the number of the accounts that have been logged into on our mobile apps during a given calendar month. Our number of registered users metric tracks the number of users who have completed the registration process on our mobile apps as of a specified date. They do not fully capture the frequency and duration that users engage with our devices as users may not sign in or stay logged in on our mobile apps when using our devices. The Mobile App MAU and the number of registered users metrics only represent the potential size or growth of our user community and are not necessarily indicators of the actual size and growth of our user community. In addition, most of the services provided on our mobile apps currently are offered to users for free once they have purchased our smart wearable devices. Therefore, our Mobile App MAU metric should not be relied upon as an indicator of the level of retention of individual users in the future, continual user engagement or the potential size and growth of our user community, all of which are indicators for other potential revenue opportunities. We may engage in acquisition and investment activities, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value, and adversely affect our operating results. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in other companies, products, or technologies to enhance the features and functionality of our devices, and accelerate the expansion of our platform and network of strategic partners. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition or investment candidates and we may not be able to complete acquisition and investment on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisition and investment as we expect, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals; and any acquisition and investment we complete could be viewed negatively by users or investors. In addition, if we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, into our company, the revenue and operating results of the combined company could be adversely affected. 13 Table of Contents Acquisitions and investments may disrupt our ongoing operations, divert management from their primary responsibilities, subject us to additional liabilities, increase our expenses, and adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows. We may not accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition or investment transaction, including accounting charges. We would have to pay cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition and investment, each of which may affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock and could result in dilution to our shareholders. We had RMB259.4 million (US$37.7 million) of short-term and long-term investments as of December 31, 2018. Furthermore, our financial results could be adversely affected by our investments or acquisitions. The investments and acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. They could result in the occurrence of significant investments and goodwill impairment charges, and amortization expenses for other intangible assets. Most of our investee companies are in their early stages and may not be able to achieve profitability or generate positive operating cash flows in the near future. A partial or complete loss of our investments in these investee companies is possible. Additionally, we may receive indications of interest from other parties interested in acquiring some or all of our business. The time required to evaluate such indications of interest could require significant attention from management, disrupt the ordinary functioning of our business, and adversely affect our operating results. An economic downturn or economic uncertainty may adversely affect consumer discretionary spending and demand for our products and services. Our products and services may be considered discretionary items for consumers. Factors affecting the level of consumer spending for such discretionary items include general economic conditions, and other factors, such as consumer confidence in future economic conditions, fears of recession, the availability and cost of consumer credit, levels of unemployment, and tax rates. As global economic uncertainty remains, trends in consumer discretionary spending also remain unpredictable and subject to reductions. Unfavorable economic conditions may lead consumers to delay or reduce purchases of our products and services and consumer demand for our products and services may not grow as we expect. Our sensitivity to economic cycles and any related fluctuation in consumer demand for our products and services may have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. In addition, the global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. There have been concerns over unrest and terrorist threats in the Middle East, Europe and Africa and over the conflicts involving Ukraine, Syria and North Korea. There have also been concerns on the relationship among China and other Asian countries, which may result in or intensify potential conflicts in relation to territorial disputes, and the possibility of a trade war between the United States and China. In addition, the U.K. held a referendum on June 23, 2016 on its membership in the E.U., in which a majority of voters in the U.K. voted to exit the E.U. (commonly referred to as “Brexit”). The U.K.’s departure schedule from the E.U. remains uncertain. Brexit could adversely affect European and worldwide economic and market conditions and could contribute to instability in global financial and foreign exchange markets. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term. We are subject to governmental economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets. Exports of our products must be made in compliance with various economic and trade sanctions laws in different jurisdictions. For example, U.S. economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to the targets of U.S. sanctions, our products, including our firmware updates, could be provided to those targets through independent distributors despite such precautions. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. We could be subject to future enforcement action with respect to compliance with governmental economic sanctions laws, which could result in penalties and costs and consequentially have a material effect on our business and operating results. Any significant cybersecurity incident or disruption of our information technology systems or those of third-party partners could materially damage user relationships and subject us to significant reputational, financial, legal and operation consequences. We depend on our information technology systems, as well as those of third parties, to develop new products and services, operate our platform, host and manage our services, store data, process transactions, respond to user inquiries, and manage inventory and our supply chain. Any material disruption or slowdown of our systems or those of third parties whom we depend upon, including a disruption or slowdown caused by our failure to successfully manage significant increases in user volume, could cause outages or delays in our services, particularly in the form of interruption of services delivered by our mobile applications, which could harm our brand and adversely affect our operating results. We rely on cloud servers maintained by cloud service providers to store our data, and the majority of the data we collected are hosted at 14 Table of Contents Xiaomi’s cloud servers. Problems with our cloud service providers or the telecommunications network providers with whom they contract could adversely affect the experience of our users. Our cloud service providers could decide to cease providing us services without adequate notice. Any change in service levels at our cloud servers or any errors, defects, disruptions, or other performance problems with our platform could harm our brand and may damage the data of our users. If changes in technology cause our information systems, or those of third parties whom we depend upon, to become obsolete, or if our or their information systems are inadequate to handle our growth, we could lose users and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. We have adopted security policies and measures, including encryption technology, to protect our proprietary data and user information. However, advances in technology, the expertise of hackers, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology that we use to protect confidential information. We may not be able to prevent third parties, especially hackers or other individuals or entities engaging in similar activities, from illegally obtaining such confidential or private information we hold by using our products and mobile apps. Such individuals or entities obtaining our users’ confidential or private information may further engage in various other illegal activities using such information. Any negative publicity on the safety or privacy protection mechanisms and policies, and any claims asserted against us or fines imposed upon us as a result of actual or perceived failures, could have a material and adverse effect on our public image, reputation, financial condition and results of operations. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission and security of personal information by companies operating over the internet and mobile platforms are under increased public scrutiny. As smart wearable and AI technologies continue to evolve, we believe that increased regulation by the PRC government of data privacy on the internet is likely. We may become subject to new laws and regulations applying to the collection, processing or use of personal or user information that could affect how we store, process and share data with our users and partners. For example, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and Standardization Administration jointly issued the Standard of Information Security Technology— Personal Information Security Specification, which has come into effect in May 2018. Pursuant to this new standard, personal data controllers, i.e., entities or persons who are authorized to determine the purposes and methods for using and processing personal information, should collect information in accordance with the principles of legality and minimization and should also obtain a consent from the information provider. In addition, we may need to comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data in the United States, Europe and elsewhere. For example, the European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, which became effective on May 25, 2018. The GDPR imposes additional obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provides certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored. In addition, in the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, governs the privacy and security of health information and require that covered entities, including most health care providers, implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the security of individually identifiable health information that is maintained or transmitted electronically. Violations of the HIPAA privacy and security regulations could result in significant civil and criminal penalties. Compliance with existing, proposed and recently enacted laws (including implementation of the privacy and process enhancements called for under GDPR) and regulations can be costly; any failure to comply with these regulatory standards could subject us to legal and reputational risks. We generally comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our own privacy policies. Compliance with any additional laws could be expensive, and may place restrictions on the conduct of our business and the manner in which we interact with our customers. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations could also result in regulatory enforcement actions against us, and the misuse of or failure to secure personal information could also result in violation of data privacy laws and regulations, proceedings against us by governmental entities or others, damage our reputation and credibility and could have a negative impact on revenues and profits. Significant capital and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches or to comply with our privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause our customers to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims. Any perception by the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of our business in general, which may reduce the number of orders we receive. Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to possible litigation. Some of the technologies we use incorporate open source software, and we may incorporate open source software in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. These licenses may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we offer our products and services that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make publicly available the source code for any modifications we made or derivative works we created based upon, incorporating, or using the open source software, or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. Additionally, if a third-party software provider has incorporated open source software into the software that we license from such provider, we could be required to disclose or provide at no cost any of our source code that incorporates or is a modification of such licensed software. If the author or other third party distributor of the open source software that we use or license were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the applicable license, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages and enjoined from the sale of our products and services that contained the open source software. Any of the foregoing could disrupt the distribution and sale of our products and services and harm our business. 15 Table of Contents We do not maintain insurance coverage which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption. We do not maintain liability insurance coverage for our products and business operation. A successful liability claim against us due to injuries suffered by our users could materially and adversely affect our financial conditions, results of operations and reputation. In addition, we do not have any business disruption insurance. Any business disruption event could result in substantial cost to us and diversion of our resources. If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our results of operations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. We are subject to the reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, has adopted rules requiring a public company to include a report of management on the effectiveness of such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report on Form 20-F. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as such term is defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (as amended by the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015), or the JOBS Act, an independent registered public accounting firm for a public company must issue an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In the course of auditing our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as well as other control deficiencies, in accordance with the standards established by the PCAOB. As defined in the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal cover over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses identified related to (i) our lack of accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and (ii) our lack of comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have taken actions to remediate those material weaknesses in 2018, including hiring personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and completing a comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We and our independent registered public accounting firm, in the course of auditing our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, identified one material weakness. The material weakness identified related to lack of adequate supervisory review over the appropriate accounting treatment of complex transactions (including some of our equity transactions consummated prior to the initial public offering of our ADSs that were treated as a deemed dividend) to ensure that such transactions were in compliance with U.S. GAAP. This identified material weakness impacted our interim reporting during 2018 and could affect our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and detect or prevent material misstatements of our annual or interim financial statements on a timely basis prospectively. As a result of the identification of this material weakness, we have been taking measures to remedy this control deficiency. However, we can give no assurance that the implementation of these measures will be sufficient to eliminate this material weakness or any other material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which may result in volatility in and a decline in the market price of the ADSs. During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify other weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our ADSs. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods. Shutdowns of the U.S. federal government could materially impair our business and financial condition. Development of our product candidates and/or regulatory approval may be delayed for reasons beyond our control. For example, over the last several years the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, have had to furlough critical SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. In our operations as a public company, future government shutdowns could impact our ability to access the public markets, such as through delaying the declaration of effectiveness of registration statements, and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations. 16 Table of Contents Changes in U.S. and international trade policies, particularly with regard to China, may adversely impact our business and operating results. The U.S. government has recently made statements and taken certain actions that may lead to potential changes to U.S. and international trade policies, including imposing several rounds of tariffs affecting certain products manufactured in China. It is unknown whether and to what extent new tariffs (or other new laws or regulations) will be adopted, or the effect that any such actions would have on us or our industry and customers. While cross-border business between China and the U.S. may not be an area of our focus, any unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may affect the demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products or prevent us from being able to sell products in certain countries. If any new tariffs, legislation and/or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated or, in particular, if the U.S. government takes retaliatory trade actions due to the recent U.S.-China trade tension, such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Recent disruptions in the financial markets and economic conditions could affect our ability to raise capital. In recent years, the United States and global economies suffered dramatic downturns as the result of a deterioration in the credit markets and related financial crisis as well as a variety of other factors including, among other things, extreme volatility in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, ratings downgrades of certain investments and declining valuations of others. The United States and certain foreign governments have taken unprecedented actions in an attempt to address and rectify these extreme market and economic conditions by providing liquidity and stability to the financial markets. If the actions taken by these governments are not successful, the return of adverse economic conditions may cause a significant adverse impact on our ability to raise capital, if needed, on a timely basis and on acceptable terms or at all. Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Our WFOE has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their respective shareholders, respectively, which enable us to (i) exercise effective control over our VIEs, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIEs, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in our VIEs when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have control over and are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs and hence consolidate their financial results into our consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” for further details. In the opinion of Zhong Lun Law Firm, our PRC legal counsel, (i) the ownership structures of our VIEs in China and our WFOE comply with all existing PRC laws and regulations; and (ii) the contractual arrangements between our WFOE, our VIEs and their respective shareholders governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of our VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including: • • • • discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations through any transactions between our WFOE and our VIEs; imposing fines, confiscating the income from our WFOE or our VIEs, or imposing other requirements with which we or our VIEs may not be able to comply; requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with our VIEs and deregistering the equity pledges of our VIEs, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over our VIEs; or restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of our initial public offering to finance our business and operations in China. 17 Table of Contents The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of our VIEs in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of our VIEs or our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and residual returns from our VIEs and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of our VIEs in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their shareholders to conduct certain of our key businesses. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. For example, our VIEs and their shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. If we had direct ownership of our VIEs, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our VIEs, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our VIEs and their respective shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIEs. However, the shareholders of our consolidated VIEs may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our business through the contractual arrangements with our VIEs. If any disputes relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Any failure by our VIEs or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our contractual arrangements with our VIEs may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be. Any failure by our VIEs or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business. We refer to the shareholders of each of our VIEs as its nominee shareholders because although they remain the holders of equity interests on record in each of our VIEs, pursuant to the terms of the relevant power of attorney, each such shareholder has irrevocably authorized our WFOE to exercise his, her or its rights as a shareholder of the relevant VIE. However, if our VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure will be effective under PRC law. For example, if the shareholders of our VIEs refuse to transfer their equity interest in our VIEs to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. All of the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.” Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIEs, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. 18 Table of Contents The shareholders of our VIEs may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. The shareholders of our VIEs may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our VIEs to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIEs, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our VIEs and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIEs to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings. Contractual arrangements in relation to our VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC VIEs owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment. Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the VIE contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust the income of our VIEs in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by our VIEs for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing our WFOE’s tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on our VIEs for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our VIEs’ tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties. We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our VIEs that are material to the operation of certain portion of our business if our VIEs go bankrupt or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding. As part of our contractual arrangements with our VIEs, our VIEs and their subsidiaries hold certain assets that are material to the operation of certain portion of our business, including intellectual property and premise. If our VIEs go bankrupt and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the contractual arrangements, our VIEs may not, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of their assets or legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. If our VIEs undergo a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, independent third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our current corporate structure and business operations may be affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law or the FIL, which will take effect on January 1, 2020,and replace the existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, or Existing FIE Laws, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The FIL embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulation on Foreign Investment.” As it is newly adopted, uncertainties still exist in relation to interpretation and implementation of the FIL, especially in regard to, including, among other things, the nature of variable interest entities contractual arrangements, the promulgation schedule of both the “negative list” under the FIL and specific rules regulating the organization form of foreign-invested enterprises within the five-year transition period. The FIL does not explicitly classify whether variable interest entities that are controlled through contractual arrangements would be deemed as foreign-invested enterprises, but it has a catch-all provision under the definition of “foreign investment” that includes investments made by foreign investors in China through other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations or rules of the State Council, so there is still a possibility for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council to stipulate contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. Therefore, there can be no assurance that our control over our VIEs through contractual arrangements will not be deemed as foreign investment in the future. In the event that any possible implementing regulations of the FIL, any other future laws, administrative regulations or provisions deem contractual arrangements as a way of foreign investment, or if any of our operations through contractual arrangements is classified in the “restricted” or “prohibited” industry in the future “negative list” under the FIL, our contractual arrangements may be deemed as invalid and illegal, and we may be required to unwind the variable interest entity contractual arrangements and/or dispose of any affected business, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business operation. Also, if future laws, administrative 19 Table of Contents regulations or provisions mandate further actions to be taken with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Furthermore, under the FIL, foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises will be subject to legal liabilities if they fail to report investment information in accordance with the FIL. In addition, the FIL provides that foreign-invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within a five-year transition period, which means that we may be required to adjust the structure and corporate governance of certain of our PRC subsidiaries in such transition period. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations. Risks Related to Doing Business in China Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Substantially all of our assets and operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing since 2012. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results. Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We conduct our business primarily through our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. The PRC legal system is evolving rapidly, and the interpretation of many laws, regulations and rules may contain inconsistencies and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such unpredictability towards our contractual, property and procedural rights could adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations. 20 Table of Contents In addition, the interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments and activities of our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the requisite approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this annual report based on foreign laws. We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, most of our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and most are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors who reside and whose assets are located outside the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of reciprocity with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States. We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders for services of any debt we may incur. If any of our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries, each of which is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may pay dividends only out of its respective accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. Such reserve funds cannot be distributed to us as dividends. At its discretion, a wholly foreign- owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to an enterprise expansion fund, or a staff welfare and bonus fund. Our PRC subsidiaries generate primarily all of their revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to use their Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated. 21 Table of Contents PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business. We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs subject to the approval or registration from governmental authorities and limitation of amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China. Any loans to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China, which are treated as foreign- invested enterprises under PRC law, are subject to foreign exchange loan registrations. In addition, an FIE shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope. The capital of an FIE shall not be used for the following purposes: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations; (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities or investments other than banks’ principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations; (iii) the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license; and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises). In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or VIEs or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from our initial public offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business. Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. While appreciating approximately by 7% against the U.S. dollar in 2017, the RMB in 2018 depreciated approximately by 5% against the U.S. dollar. Since October 1, 2016, the RMB has joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s basket of currencies that make up the Special Drawing Right (SDR), along with the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system and there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future. Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into a foreign currency. 22 Table of Contents Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our net revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company primarily relies on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China may be used to pay dividends to our company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into a foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi. The PRC government may at its discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions in the future. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs. Certain PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions. Among other things, the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Such regulation requires, among other things, that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor acquires control of a PRC domestic enterprise or a foreign company with substantial PRC operations, if certain thresholds under the Provisions on Thresholds for Prior Notification of Concentrations of Undertakings, issued by the State Council in 2008, were triggered. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the NPC which became effective in 2008 requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by the MOFCOM before they can be completed. In addition, PRC national security review rules which became effective in September 2011 require acquisitions by foreign investors of PRC companies engaged in military related or certain other industries that are crucial to national security be subject to security review before consummation of any such acquisition. We may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations. Complying with the requirements of these regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval or clearance from the MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us. In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents’ Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75, which ceased to be effective upon the promulgation of SAFE Circular 37. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities) to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future. 23 Table of Contents Under SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who make, or have prior to the implementation of SAFE Circular 37 made, direct or indirect investments in offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, will be required to register such investments with SAFE or its local branches. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an SPV, is required to update its filed registration with the local branch of SAFE with respect to that SPV, to reflect any material change. Moreover, any subsidiary of such SPV in China is required to urge the PRC resident shareholders to update their registration with the local branch of SAFE. If any PRC shareholder of such SPV fails to make the required registration or to update the previously filed registration, the subsidiary of such SPV in China may be prohibited from distributing its profits or the proceeds from any capital reduction, share transfer or liquidation to the SPV, and the SPV may also be prohibited from making additional capital contributions into its subsidiary in China. On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or SAFE Notice 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015. Under SAFE Notice 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE. We have requested PRC residents who we know hold direct or indirect interest in our company to make the necessary applications, filings and registrations as required under SAFE Circular 37 and our PRC resident shareholders, namely Wang Huang, Yunfen Lu, Meihui Fan, Bin Fan, Yi Zhang and Xiaojun Zhang, have completed all necessary registrations with the local SAFE branch or qualified banks as required by SAFE Circular 37. However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents holding direct or indirect interest in our company, and we cannot provide any assurance that these PRC residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registrations or comply with other requirements under SAFE Circular 37. The failure or inability of our PRC resident shareholders to comply with the registration procedures set forth in these regulations may subject us to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our cross-border investment activities, limit the ability of our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to distribute dividends and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may also be prohibited from injecting additional capital into these subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various foreign exchange registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for circumventing applicable foreign exchange restrictions. As a result, our business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected. Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions. In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly-Listed Company, replacing earlier rules promulgated in 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiaries of such overseas-listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas-entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who reside in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted options are subject to these regulations as our company has become an overseas-listed company. Failure to complete SAFE registrations may subject them to fines of up to RMB300,000 for entities and up to RMB50,000 for individuals, and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulation on Employee Share Options.” If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders. Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued a circular, known as SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC. 24 Table of Contents We believe that Huami Corporation is not a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulations on Tax—PRC Enterprise Income Tax.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that Huami Corporation is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including our ADS holders) may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including our ADS holders) and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares. We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies. On December 10, 2009, SAT issued the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 698, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2008, to December 1, 2017. Pursuant to the SAT Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise transfers the equity interests of a PRC resident enterprise indirectly by disposition of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, or an Indirect Transfer, and such overseas holding company is located in a tax jurisdiction that: (i) has an effective tax rate less than 12.5% or (ii) does not tax foreign income of its residents, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, shall report to the competent tax authority of the PRC resident enterprise this Indirect Transfer. On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Public Notice Regarding Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non- Tax Resident Enterprises, or SAT Public Notice 7. SAT Public Notice 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only Indirect Transfers set forth under SAT Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Public Notice 7 provides clearer criteria than SAT Circular 698 for assessment of reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. SAT Public Notice 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an Indirect Transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such Indirect Transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes. On October 17, 2017, the SAT released Public Notice Regarding Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Public Notice 37, effect from December 1, 2017. SAT Public Notice 37 replaced a series of important circulars, including but not limited to SAT Circular 698, and revised the rules governing the administration of withholding tax on China-source income derived by the non-resident enterprise. SAT Public Notice 37 provided certain key changes to the current withholding regime including, such as (i) the withholding obligation for non-resident enterprise deriving dividend arises on the day the payment is actually made rather than on the day of the resolution to declare the dividends; (ii) the provision that non- resident enterprise shall self-report tax within seven days if their withholding agents fail to withhold is removed, etc. We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our company may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7. For transfer of shares in our company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. 25 Table of Contents The audit report included in this annual report is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, you are deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Auditors of companies whose shares are registered with the SEC and traded publicly in the United States, including our independent registered public accounting firm, must be registered with the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, and are required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess their compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards applicable to auditors. Our independent registered public accounting firm is located in, and organized under the laws of, the PRC, which is a jurisdiction where the PCAOB, notwithstanding the requirements of U.S. law, is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities. In May 2013, the PCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, and the PRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a cooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB, or the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States and the PRC, respectively. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with the PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. exchanges. On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. However, it remains unclear what further actions the SEC and PCAOB will take to address the problem. This lack of PCAOB inspections in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of our independent registered public accounting firm. As a result, we and investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors of our ADSs to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements. Proceedings instituted by the SEC against Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Starting in 2011 the Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, were affected by a conflict between U.S. and Chinese law. Specifically, for certain U.S.-listed companies operating and audited in mainland China, the SEC and the PCAOB sought to obtain from the Chinese firms access to their audit work papers and related documents. The firms were, however, advised and directed that under Chinese law, they could not respond directly to the U.S. regulators on those requests, and that requests by foreign regulators for access to such papers in China had to be channeled through the CSRC. In late 2012, this impasse led the SEC to commence administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against these Chinese accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm. A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the firms including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the firms reached a settlement with the SEC. Under the settlement, the SEC accepts that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents will normally be made to the CSRC. The firms will receive matching Section 106 requests, and are required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. If they fail to meet the specified criteria during a period of four years starting from the settlement date, the SEC retains authority to impose a variety of additional remedial measures on the firms depending on the nature of the failure. Additional remedies for any future noncompliance could include, as appropriate, an automatic six-month bar on a single firm’s performance of certain audit work, commencement of additional proceedings against a firm, or in extreme cases the resumption of the current proceeding against all four firms. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the settlement, the underlying proceeding against these Chinese accounting firms had been deemed dismissed with prejudice on February 6, 2019. We cannot predict if the SEC will further challenge these Chinese accounting firms’ compliance with U.S. law in connection with U.S. regulatory requests for audit work papers, or if such challenge will result in the SEC imposing penalties, such as suspensions, on these Chinese accounting firms. If the SEC pursues further challenges against these Chinese accounting firms, we may not be able to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected. 26 Table of Contents If our independent registered public accounting firm was denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of our ADSs from the New York Stock Exchange or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the United States. Risks Related to Our ADSs The trading price of our ADSs has fluctuated and is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors. Since we first listed our ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, on February 8, 2018, the trading prices of our ADSs have been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. In 2018, the trading prices of our ADSs on NYSE have ranged from US$8.43 to US$15.09 per ADS. The trading price of our ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • regulatory developments affecting us or our industry, customers or suppliers; announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our product and service offerings or those of our competitors; changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other smart wearables companies; actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results; changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts; conditions in the online retail market; announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital raisings or capital commitments; additions to or departures of our senior management; fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar; release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares or ADSs; sales or perceived potential sales of additional ordinary shares or ADSs; any actual or alleged illegal acts of our shareholders or management; and proceedings instituted by the SEC against PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our ADSs will trade. In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. 27 Table of Contents If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our ADSs, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline. The trading market for our ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade our ADSs, the market price for our ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs to decline. The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our ADSs could adversely affect their market price. Sales of substantial amounts of our ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of our ADSs. Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on a price appreciation of our ADSs for return on your investment. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ADSs as a source for any future dividend income. Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that our ADSs will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in our ADSs. Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial. We have a dual class ordinary share structure. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to ten votes per share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any transfer of Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any person or entity, such Class B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the equal number of Class A ordinary shares. As of March 31, 2019, holders of our Class B ordinary shares held an aggregate of 184,376,679 Class B ordinary shares, which represent 76.2% of the total outstanding shares and 97.0% of total voting power of our outstanding shares. Therefore, our Class B ordinary shareholders have decisive influence over matters requiring shareholders’ approval, including election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or sale of our company or our assets. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial. 28 Table of Contents The dual class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for our ADSs. In 2017, S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our ordinary shares may prevent the inclusion of our ADSs, each representing four of our Class A ordinary shares, in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our ADSs. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our ADSs. Our Memorandum and Articles contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs. Our Memorandum and Articles contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change- of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. Our directors, officers and principal shareholders collectively control a significant amount of our shares, and their interests may not align with the interests of our other shareholders. As of March 31, 2019, our officers, directors and principal shareholders collectively held 97.3% of total voting power. This significant concentration of share ownership and voting power may adversely affect or reduce the trading price of our ADSs because investors often perceive a disadvantage in owning shares in a company with one or several controlling shareholders. Furthermore, our directors and officers, as a group, have the ability to significantly influence or control the outcome of all matters requiring shareholders’ approvals, including electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. This concentration of share ownership and voting power may also discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company. You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law. We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our Memorandum and Articles, the Companies Law (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our Memorandum and Articles to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. 29 Table of Contents Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable. We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. Substantially all of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action. The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, subject to the depositary’s right to require a claim to be submitted to arbitration, the federal or state courts in the City of New York have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine claims arising under the deposit agreement and in that regard, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our Class A shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable U.S. state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the U.S. federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs. If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under U.S. federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us and/or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action. Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not enforced, to the extent a court action proceeds, it would proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to vote your Class A ordinary shares. Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of our ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights which are carried by the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. If we ask for your instructions, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares in accordance with these instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask for your instructions, the depositary may still vote in accordance with instructions you give, but it is not required to do so. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares unless you withdraw the shares, and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the shares underlying your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our amended and restated articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so 30 Table of Contents that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We have agreed to give the depositary at least 30 days’ prior notice of shareholder meetings. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. The deposit agreement provides that if the depositary does not timely receive voting instructions from the ADS holders and if voting is by poll, then such holder shall be deemed, and the depositary shall deem such holder, to have instructed the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote the Class A ordinary shares underlying the relevant ADSs, with certain limited exceptions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the shares underlying your ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you requested. You may not receive dividends or other distributions on our ordinary shares and you may not receive any value for them, if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you. The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay you the cash dividends or other distributions or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities underlying our ADSs, after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of Class A ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed under an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary may also determine that it is not feasible to distribute certain property through the mail. Additionally, the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may determine not to distribute such property. We have no obligation to register under U.S. securities laws any ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or other securities received through such distributions. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may cause a material decline in the value of our ADSs. You may experience dilution of your holdings due to the inability to participate in rights offerings. We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result. You may be subject to limitations on the transfer of your ADSs. Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems it expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons, including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADS holders on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of our ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason. We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. As a result of our current status as an emerging growth company, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important. 31 Table of Contents We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.” We are now a public company and expect to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also permits an emerging growth company to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. However, we have elected to “opt out” of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for public companies. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time- consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. As a Cayman Islands company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we are subject to the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. However, the NYSE corporate governance listing standards permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. Pursuant to Sections 303A.01, 303A.04, 303A.05 and 303A.07 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange must have a majority of independent directors, a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We currently follow our home country practice in lieu of these requirements. We may also continue to rely on these and other exemptions available to foreign private issuers in the future, and to the extent that we choose to do so in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the NYSE corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information, which would be made available to you, were you investing in a United States domestic issuer. There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares. A non-U.S. corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income; or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). Based on our income and assets (taking into account the market price of our ADSs), we do not believe that we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2018 and do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a fact-intensive inquiry made on an annual basis that depends, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of our ADSs may cause us to become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years because the value of our assets for the purpose of the asset test may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. If we were to be or become a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”) holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.” 32 Table of Contents ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY A. History and Development of the Company We commenced operations in December 2013 through Anhui Huami Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Anhui Huami, to develop, manufacture and sell smart wearable devices. In July 2014, we incorporated Huami (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Huami, to expand our operation. In December 2014, we incorporated Huami Corporation in Cayman Islands as our offshore holding company to facilitate financing and offshore listing. Shortly following its incorporation, Huami Corporation established a wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiary, Huami HK Limited. From December 2014 to April 2015, our Cayman holding company Huami Corporation issued ordinary shares and preferred shares to the holding vehicles of the then shareholders of Anhui Huami, in proportion to these shareholders’ then respective equity interest percentages in Anhui Huami. In February 2015, Huami HK Limited established a wholly-owned subsidiary in China, Beijing Shunyuan Kaihua Technology Co., Ltd., which we refer to as Shunyuan Kaihua or our WFOE in this annual report. Our WFOE later entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Anhui Huami, Beijing Huami, which two entities we collectively refer to as our VIEs in this annual report, and their respective shareholders. These contractual arrangements enable us to exercise effective control over our VIEs; receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIEs; and have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in and assets of them when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. As a result of these contractual arrangements, each of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami is our consolidated variable interest entity, which generally refers to an entity in which we do not have any equity interests but whose financial results are consolidated into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP because we have effective financial control over, and are the primary beneficiary of, that entity. We treat each of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami and their respective subsidiaries as our consolidated affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP and have consolidated their financial results in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, those contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in terms of providing operational control. On February 8, 2018, our ADSs commenced trading on the NYSE under the symbol “HMI.” Counting in the ADSs sold upon the exercise of the over-allotment option by our underwriters, we raised from our initial public offering approximately US$103.9 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and the offering expenses payable by us. Our principal executive offices are located at Building H8, No. 2800, Chuangxin Road, Hefei, 230088, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86 551-65837200. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited at PO Box 309 Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. B. Business Overview We are a biometric and activity data-driven company with significant expertise in smart wearable technology and one of the leading companies in the smart wearables market globally. We shipped 27.5 million units of smart wearable devices in 2018, and we had shipped 79.3 million units between our inception and December 31, 2018. Leveraging our vast biometric database, we collaborate with partners across many verticals such as sports and social network, mobile payment and health and related industries. It is our mission to enable everyone to access and enjoy better sports and health services through the power of technology. Our Smart Devices Our smart devices mainly include smart bands, smart watches and smart scales. We have been the sole partner of Xiaomi to design and manufacture Xiaomi Wearable Products. Since September 2015, we have begun to use the brand, “Amazfit,” to sell our products that are not designed and manufactured for Xiaomi to address the middle to high-end market. We obtained the China State Food and Drugs Administration Class II medical device approval for our ECG health band products in April 2018. Smart Bands Mi Band Series Mi Band series is our smart band series that is designed and manufactured for Xiaomi. We introduced the first generation model in July 2014, Mi Band 1. Mi Band 1 had three versions, Mi Band 1. Mi Band 1A and Mi Band 1S. 33 Table of Contents In June 2016. we introduced Mi Band 2, featuring all-new design, OLED display, touch button and improved pedometer algorithms. Mi Band 2 tracks time, steps, heart rate, and sleep duration and quality and sends an idle alert with a gentle buzz to users when they have been sitting still for too long. It also synchronizes with our “M Fit” mobile app to allow users to monitor their running speed and heart rate in real time and to evaluate their sleep quality. In addition, it features vibrating alerts for incoming calls, texts and alarms and allows users to instantly unlock their Xiaomi-branded smartphones by lifting their wrists and moving Mi Band close to smartphones. Mi Band 2 generally has 20 days or more of battery life. In May 2018, we introduced Mi Band 3, the third generation in our flagship smart band product line. Mi Band 3 offers significantly more advanced health-related and sports-related tracking functionalities than earlier versions, including better heart rate monitoring and additional screen access for messaging and real-time data feeds. Other new features include weather forecast, timer and more text displays, enabling us to further broaden user scenarios. The new design has no physical buttons and features a full-touch, high resolution curved display on a larger 0.78-inch OLED panel (with a resolution of 128*80) with a battery life of up to 20 days and water resistance up to 50 meters. Users can operate the smart band through directional swiping and gesture- based controls. In September 2018, we launched the upgraded version of Mi Band 3 with Near Field Communication, or NFC, technology. The NFC feature gives users one-touch payment capabilities for public transportation services in more than 160 cities throughout China (including Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou). In addition, the NFC version Mi Band 3 allows users to use their smart band as a virtual access card to their home, office or other identified locations. Amazfit Equator Amazfit Equator is the slimmest, most lightweight activity tracker of our smart band product line. First introduced in September 2015, its innovative features include a full ceramic body and wireless charging technology. It can also communicate and control home appliances that support our product control protocols, including lights and air conditioners. based on users’ body temperature. Amazfit Equator has an enhanced luxury version, Amazfit Moonbeam, which was introduced along with Amazfit Equator in September 2015. Amazfit Moonbeam is a stylish activity tracker that is designed to serve both function and fashion. It comes with a premium leather band and rose gold plated metal case and is available in two colors. It has the same functions as Amazfit Equator. Amazfit Cor Series Amazfit Cor is an activity tracker that features minimalist design, large color screen and enhanced water-resistant capability. It was first introduced in September 2017, with its second generation Amazfit Cor 2 launched in January 2019. Users can switch among four activity modes, including outdoor/indoor running, biking and walking, to enable Amazfit Cor to display different key metrics associated with each activity. Amazfit Cor 2 is available in four colors. Amazfit Cor 2 outpaced its predecessor with improved battery life. Furthermore, Amazfit Cor 2 comes equipped with NFC connectivity that supports contactless payment, a feature not available in the original Amazfit Cor. Amazfit Health Bands Amazfit Health Band is what we believe to be one of the first smart band trackers in the market equipped with ECG sensors that have the capabilities to accurately capture heart rate variability and ECG. enabling users to monitor their heart conditions on a real-time basis. It was first introduced in April 2017. Based on ECG captured on Amazfit Health Band, we can then utilize our proprietary big data technology to analyze users’ heart conditions and notify users who are at heightened risks of cardiovascular diseases through our mobile apps. Similar to our other smart band products, Amazfit Health Band also tracks activity data, including steps, distance traveled, calories burned and sleep duration and quality, and allows users to set vibrating alerts for incoming calls, app notifications and alarms. We launched a new Amazfit Health Band 1S in September 2018. Utilizing an embedded AI algorithm, the Amazfit Health Band 1S serves as a convenient extension of established heart health monitoring techniques and offers a battery life of up to seven days. For the first time, the new band features self-developed optical modules that provide highly accurate photoplethysmography (PPG) and deliver continuous, real-time heart rate and heart rhythm monitoring. The Amazfit Health Band 1S is capable of screening the user’s heart rhythm in the background and sending an alert if an arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation is detected. Once an arrhythmia is detected, the user is instructed to put a finger on top of the band to start a 30 to 120 second ECG recording process to capture detailed heart health data in real time. The recorded heart-related data is uploaded to the cloud and users can access medical consultation services for this data via 24 x 7 online and phone channels. This service is provided free of charge to registered Amazfit Health Band 1S users for the first 6 months of purchase, subject to certain conditions and restrictions. After the free-trial period, users can continue to enjoy such service by subscribing to our paid monthly package or paying for each medical consultation as needed. 34 Table of Contents Amazfit Wearable Dynamic ECG Recorder In December 2018, we introduced our first China State Food and Drug Administration-certified health band with medical-grade ECG power and a wearable dynamic ECG recorder. Wearable dynamic ECG recorder optimizes the process of ECG measurement and recording. In the case of discomfort, the measurement can be started by pressing the touch button of the ECG recorder with one key. User are able to measure, record, monitor and view real-time non- prescription ECG after wearing dynamic ECG recorder connected to our “Amazfit” mobile app. The device can be attached to the designated position of the chest by chest electrodes. The ECG data recorded can provide reference for the next examination. Smart Watches Amazfit Pace Amazfit Pace is a GPS-enabled sports smart watch. It holds five days of battery life and tracks key data, including pace, cadence, distance, elevation, time and heart rate as well as other data. It was first introduced in August 2016. Users can choose from a wide range of activity and sport modes based on their activities, including outdoor/indoor running, trail running, walking, outdoor/indoor biking and elliptical. Amazfit Pace provides music storage for up to 500 soundtracks and is equipped with Bluetooth chipsets so that users can enjoy their favorite music phone-free while running. It comes with guided training plans that cater to different runner levels such as beginner, 5K, 10K and marathon runners. Users can customize the watch face by uploading their personal photos, and can receive calls, texts, emails and app notifications via the always-on display. Amazfit Pace also supports mobile payment through Alipay and Xiaomi’s voice-activated smart home devices. Amazfit BIP Amazfit BIP is a lightweight GPS-enabled sports smart watch, first introduced in July 2017. It holds 45 days of battery life and provides four different activity modes, including walking, outdoor/indoor running and biking and tracks pace, distance, elevation, heart rate and other data. Similar to our other products, it sends vibrating alerts for incoming calls, texts, emails and app notifications. Amazfit Stratos Amazfit Stratos was introduced in December 2017. It is water-resistant up to 50 meters, which is perfect for swimmers who want to track their activity data under water. It provides 11 activity and sports modes, covering everyday activities and exercises as well as competitive sports such as triathlon and cross-country running. In addition to the key metrics such as pace, cadence and distance, Amazfit Stratos also provides performance indicators such as maximum oxygen uptake (V02 max), training load, training effect and recovery time. Amazfit Stratos also supports mobile payment through Alipay. Amazfit Stratos has an enhanced luxury version, Amazfit Stratos Plus. Amazfit Verge Amazfit Verge is the newest model of our smart watch line, first introduced in September 2018. Amazfit Verge offers many new and improved features to enrich the user experience including a 1.2G dual core processor, running Huami Watch OS (WOS) based on the Android infrastructure with remarkable extensibility that allows operation of third-party Apps. Amazfit Verge also comes with a 1.3-inch full color AMOLED round screen as well as optimized power consumption that provides an industry-leading five days of battery life on a single charge. Amazfit Verge is capable of making and receiving phone calls directly via blue-tooth connected mobile phones and displaying real time messages, including WeChat and incoming phone call alerts, all of which allow users to more conveniently stay connected with their friends, family and business associates. Xiaomi’s intelligent voice assistant (Xiao AI) is built into Amazfit Verge, allowing users to interact with Xiaomi’s ecosystem IoT home devices, such as controlling Xiaomi TV, Mi Robot Vacuum, Xiaomi Air Purifier and others by voice control or simple screen touch, as well as getting more information from the IoT devices (fire alert, security alert and others). Furthermore, digital wallet functionality in conjunction with Union Pay and Alipay, combined with integrated one-touch public transportation payment in over 160 cities in China, helps users to capture the convenience of full digital transactions (through NFC and QR codes). Amazfit Verge can be also used as entrance access device utilizing NFC technology. In addition, Amazfit Verge comes with enriched sports functionality, including advanced route tracking driven by GPS +GLONASS system that supports 11 sport modes. Full-day heart rate recording makes Amazfit Verge a valuable training and performance- tracking tool. Moreover, the new self-developed heart rate sensor and powerful algorithms deliver enhanced heart rate monitoring accuracy as well as reduced power consumption. 35 Table of Contents Smart Scales Mi Smart Scale Mi Smart Scale is our entry-level Bluetooth-connected scale that tracks weight and BMI, first introduced in March 2015. It is embedded with a high-precision sensor and is made of manganese steel. It utilizes three different algorithms to collect and interpret data, achieving half the error margin than that of comparable weighing scales It automatically identifies each family member and can store up to 16 user profiles with up to 800 weight records. It automatically synchronizes with our “Mi Fit” app to display easy-to-read graphs with weight stats and progress. Mi Body Fat Scale Mi Body Fat Scale is our advanced smart scale that measures muscle mass, metabolism, visceral fat level, bone mass, body water percentage and body shape in addition to weight, body fat percentage and BMI. It was first introduced in February 2017. It recognizes up to 16 individual users separately with no limit on weight records. Others We also offer a wide range of accessories including bands, watch straps, sportswear, etc. Several of our products have been recognized by numerous industrial design awards, including iF Product Design Award, Red Dot Product Design Award and China Red Star Design Award. Products in Development We continue to focus on new product development to address evolving user preferences and enhance our market-leading positions. In general, we launch a new version of our existing smart bands and watches every 12-24 months, in addition to new products and services that we introduce from time to time. Our Mobile Apps We mainly offer two mobile apps: our “Mi Fit” mobile app and our “Amazfit” mobile app. Both of our mobile apps sync automatically with and display real-time data from our devices. They use charts and graphs to display analysis of the activity and biometric data collected from users. Our “Mi Fit” mobile app is designed with a focus on sports and fitness functions while our “Amazfit” mobile app emphasizes functions relating to health and medical care. We launched “Mi Fit” mobile app in July 2014 and “Amazfit” mobile app in November 2015. The number of registered users of our mobile apps increased from 31.5 million as of December 31, 2016 to 56.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and further to 93.1 million as of December 31, 2018. Since our inception in 2013, we have amassed a large user base. As of March 31, 2019, we had 21.5 million Mobile App MAUs. We developed our mobile apps to support and expand the functionalities of our smart wearable devices as a way to attract users and promote sales of our wearable devices. We generate certain miscellaneous revenues from our mobile apps, including through sales of products via in-app store and in-app advertising services. However, the amounts of such revenues are immaterial. We continue to provide innovative features and functionalities to users through our mobile apps, including the following: • Workout Tutorials and Health Tips. Users can watch workout tutorials and learn helpful tips in our apps to enhance the effectiveness of their training and to learn how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. • • • • Discover. Users can discover and sign up for exciting online and offline sports and fitness events, such as our 21-Day Healthy Lifestyle Challenge and the Beijing International Marathon, directly via our apps, to compete with other users and win rewards from our partners for their participation. Fitness campaigns. We launch fitness campaigns on our mobile apps periodically to encourage users to stay active and engage with our devices and mobile apps. Feed. Users can upload vivid content, such as status updates, workout photos and videos, to our apps community through Amazfit Circle function to share and interact with friends and fellow users. Users can create posts, follow other users, like and make comments on other users’ posts. E-Commerce. Users can purchase our products and sports gear directly through our in-app store. 36 Table of Contents Data Technology Our strong data technology is vital in enhancing the performance of our products and in further expanding their applications, as well as in enhancing our various data-enabled services. Data Sources and Storage Our big data storage system stores and processes a massive amount of multi-dimensional user data, including activity data (steps, distance traveled, sleep duration and quality, etc.), and biometric data (heart rate, ECG, weight, etc.), which serves as the foundation of our big data technology. Based on the foregoing two types of data, we are able to derive additional personal data such as calories burned, BMI, body fat composition and heart health index and even calculate the likelihood of certain heart diseases. Big Data Technology The real-time iteration of our big data model is enabled by our big data infrastructure and algorithms. Our data platform can extract multi- dimensional features from multi-source data in a highly efficient and secure way to support modeling. We use a scalable and flexible database to support the storage and calculation of data points. We currently utilize our big data technology in the following areas: • • • • • • • optimize the algorithms that count the number of steps taken by eliminating the effect of certain patterns of the hand movements that are not associated with walking; fine-tune our algorithms for tracking sleep duration and quality and then make personalized adjustment based on users’ sleep patterns; enhance the performance of our built-in GPS, enabling our products to draw users’ running tracks more accurately and more quickly; develop insights into massive market and consumer data, empowering a more streamlined and efficient product design process; perform statistical analysis to identify certain characteristics that are associated with heart diseases and sleep patterns and make related recommendations to our users; perform statistical analysis to identify certain characteristics that are associated with users’ health and make related recommendations of training courses to our users; and develop the capability to perform more granular analysis on the data we collect from our users and to allow our products to recognize types of activities and sports. Data Privacy and Protection We consider the protection of the personal privacy of each of our users to be of paramount importance. We think it is crucial that our users understand how we handle their information so that they can make informed choices in deciding how such information is used and shared. To this end, we have developed a company-wide policy on data collection and use practices to preserve individual privacy rights in all respects, the key principles of which include: (i) providing adequate notice to users as to how their data is being collected and used, (ii) providing users with the option to opt out, (iii) making reasonable efforts to prevent loss/leak of user data, (iv) giving users access to all information held about them, and (v) enforcing the policy with effective means. We also partner with several leading social networks in China, including WeChat and Weibo. With the consent of our users, we allow them to import certain activity data collected by us to their platforms so that our users can utilize certain interactive functions offered on these social networks. In addition, our users can also import their data to third-party apps such as Apple Health Kit and Google Fit to obtain the data analytic services provided by them. Users can revoke their consent to share data with third parties at any time using their “Mi Fit” or “Amazfit” account settings or the account settings on such third parties’ platforms. If users choose to share their data with a third party, the data is governed by the privacy policy of the third party. We do not distribute or sell our users’ personal data to other companies for advertising or other purposes without users’ permission. 37 Table of Contents Research and Development We are passionate about developing new and innovative products and services that will make the world more connected. Our research and development team and our management team co-lead the product development process, including the upgrades for our existing products and the development of new product lines. We take a user centric approach to product development. We constantly engage and communicate with our users via the “Feedback” feature in our mobile apps, customer services, forums and user chat groups and interviews to help us identify meaningful features for users and refine existing products. Our research and development team have successfully developed every aspect of the Mi Band series products, which became highly popular, reaching sales of one million pieces within three months of its release. Our research and development team has responded effectively to technological changes, and is driving continued innovation to unleash the potential of the wearable devices industry. As of December 31, 2018, our total research and development staff consisted of 428 employees. Our global research and development team supports the design and development of our new products. Our research and development team is comprised of electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, computer scientists and mobile app developers. The team is further divided into four sub-groups, including algorithms and AI, software engineering, hardware engineering and third-party service integration. Algorithms and AI Our algorithms and AI team is responsible for developing and refining our proprietary, artificial intelligence-based, computational algorithms, and leveraging the latest technology in artificial intelligence for applications in our products and services. Our algorithms and AI lab incorporate open source software with our robust proprietary software to form an enterprise-grade platform to deliver an integrated suite of capabilities for data management, machine learning and advanced analytics. This platform enables us to use vast amount of data from users to better serve and create value for our users and design innovative products and services. Our algorithms and AI team has developed a vibrant ecosystem around our platform, and has been building a growing range of applications on our platform, including the following: • • • • Disease diagnosis. Machine learning is particularly suitable for processing unstructured raw data collected on individual devices by recognizing patterns and connections through which the raw data can be structured and analyzed. The vast amounts of raw data are uploaded to our cloud-based databases and then filtered by our algorithms to identify users with heightened risks of heart diseases or respiratory problems. Those results flagged by our algorithms are then verified by doctors, and the feedback from doctors is input into our algorithms to be used to analyze and filter the new data, thus forming a closed loop to allow us to continually fine-tune our algorithms to obtain more accurate assessment with each iteration. Sleep monitoring. Currently most sleep disorders can only be diagnosed in laboratories and hospitals. We are collaborating with Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine to develop the capability to diagnose sleep disorders through consumer electronics and wearable technologies. Sports and fitness. We are developing algorithms to synthesize a wide variety of users’ daily activity data to understand users’ daily routines and habits and build our recommendation model accordingly through machine learning. Once the recommendation model is set up, we will be able to provide users with recommendations, such as exercise duration and intensity, running posture and foot posture, etc. We can also make personalized activity recommendations to help users achieve their fitness goals, such as weight loss. Biometric ID. ECG is just as unique to an individual as fingerprints. We have developed ECG recognition algorithms to recognize the unique cardiac rhythms of users, which can be utilized as a biometric ID to authenticate user’s identity. Currently we are exploring new scenarios where this feature can be applied, such as account login and user identification. Huangshan-1 In September 2018, we introduced the world’s first AI-powered wearable chipset, Huangshan-1. Leveraging the world’s first RISC-V open source instruction set wearable processor, Huangshan-1 features four core artificial intelligence engines — cardiac biometrics engine, ECG, ECG Pro, and Hearth Rhythm Abnormality Monitoring Engine. Huangshan-1 operates alongside an always-on (AON) module designed to transfer sensor data to internal static RAM without waking the primary processor, with dedicated accelerators for neural network workloads. Huangshan-1 also supports real-time movement tracking, real-time biometric identification, real-time warning, among a huge array of functions and can scan the heart rate patterns of users through cloud-based AI, helping to monitor the user’s heart rate carefully, check for any unusual patterns and update users’ health statistics even when the users are not online. With lightning performance and minimal power consumption, we believe Huangshan-1 will be an ideal chipset for the smart wearables technology. 38 Table of Contents Although we expect to continue to make significant investments for the design and manufacture of our products, we believe the self-developed Huangshan-1 will help us to reduce reliance on our existing chipset suppliers, over which we have limited control, and decrease the costs for designing and manufacturing. We plan to apply Huangshan-1 to our Amazfit-branded products beginning in 2019. Software Engineering Our software engineering team is responsible for developing the company-wide software platform to support the integration of our products and applications, the transmission, storage and processing of user data, the implementation of user-product interaction and the development of core technologies. To provide users with valuable data and services, we rely on our software platform to connect individual devices, our cloud-based computing system and end users’ mobile apps. The key elements of our software engineering philosophy include security, reliability and extensibility. Hardware Engineering Our hardware engineering team supports the system-level product design, ultralow power system design and the design of key system components, including antenna, bio-sensors, battery, integrated circuits (“IC”) for battery protection, Bluetooth Low Energy system on chip IC, energy-efficient microprocessor and product testing apparatus. Our hardware engineering team also plays a key role in identifying opportunities for strategic investments upstream. We also continue to pursue strategic partnerships with battery companies to conduct joint research in the areas of energy harvesting and energy conversion to develop high-capacity battery for smart wearable devices. With respect to sensor technology, we currently focus on developing a new PPG sensor that can monitor both heart rate and blood oxygen level, which will form the basis to further enhance the functionalities and broaden the application scenarios of our products. In addition, we are also exploring new ways to connect our products with end users’ mobile devices besides the traditional methods such as Bluetooth and WiFi. Third-Party Service Integration Our third-party service integration team is responsible for exploring innovative ways to integrate social features with our products and services and introduce new third-party services to our platform. We currently focus on the opportunities in the areas of sports, fitness, health and medical care. For example, we are working with insurance companies to design insurance policies based on our users’ overall fitness and everyday activities. We are also exploring cooperation opportunities with fitness trainers to help them tailor training programs and adjust exercise intensity based on our users’ activity and fitness levels. We are also working with clinics and hospitals to directly connect doctors with users via our platform to perform diagnosis for heart diseases and provide rehabilitation services. Our Relationship with Xiaomi We have been the sole partner of Xiaomi to design and manufacture Xiaomi Wearable Products. Our strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi grants us the most-preferred-partner status globally to develop future Xiaomi Wearable Products. We leverage Xiaomi’s brand recognition and global distribution networks for the sale of Xiaomi Wearable Products as well as products under our own brand. Our sale of Xiaomi Wearable Products to Xiaomi is governed by a business cooperation agreement, pursuant to which Xiaomi is responsible for the distribution and sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products through their networks and sales channels. We and Xiaomi discuss on, among others, functions, and recommended price range throughout the development process. After we show Xiaomi of prototypes and our internal validation testing results, we start taking orders from Xiaomi for mass production. Xiaomi and us generally discuss order forecast months in advance of the delivery time, which sufficiently allows us to arrange raw material and component procurement and manufacturing. In addition to the recommended price of Xiaomi Wearable Products to be sold to users and wholesalers, we also discuss with Xiaomi and jointly determine discounts offered at promotional events from time to time. We and Xiaomi receive equal shares of gross profit from selling all Xiaomi Wearable Products. In addition to continuing our mutually beneficial relationship with Xiaomi, we have taken a number of initiatives to extend our products’ reach to a broader range of users. Since September 2015, we have started to use the brand name “Amazfit” to market our self-branded products. We differentiate our self-branded products from Xiaomi Wearable Products by targeting mid- to high-end users, offering different functionality and setting different price points. 39 Table of Contents Manufacturing and Fulfillment Procurement and Manufacturing We procure a majority of raw materials and components from suppliers within China, and then consign them to our manufacturers. In general, prices for our raw materials have been relatively stable. Through close coordination with our customers and manufacturers and frequent purchases of components from suppliers, we are able to carry few raw material and in-process inventories and achieve “just in time” production, minimizing inventory risk. For Xiaomi Wearable Products, Xiaomi provides us with production forecasts on a rolling basis, which serves as the primary indicator for our component procurement effort. For our self-branded products, we procure components based on our internal sales and production plan for the next one to two months at the beginning of each month. The key components of our products typically include Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) system-on-chip, PPG sensor, flash memory, gravity sensor, battery and screen. One of the key components we utilize, BLE system-on-chip, is currently procured from a single source of supply. The remaining key components of our products are generally procured from two to three suppliers. We believe that outsourcing the manufacturing of our products enables greater scale and flexibility at lower costs than establishing our own manufacturing facilities. We outsource the manufacturing of our products to a number of contract manufacturers. We assign the production of the Mi Band series and the Mi Smart Scale series to multiple manufacturers while each of our self-branded product lines is assigned to a corresponding manufacturer. Our manufacturers produce our products using design specifications and standards that we establish. We evaluate on an ongoing basis our current contract manufacturers and component suppliers, including whether or not to utilize new or alternative contract manufacturers or component suppliers. We do not maintain purchase commitments with our suppliers. The terms of the supply agreements with our suppliers generally are two to three years. Our suppliers generally also provide direct order fulfillment services with logistics that include delivery of parts and assembly to our manufacturers. Prior to entering commercial production, our new products need to go through three phases, including engineering validation testing, design validation testing and production validation testing. During the initial period after launch, we typically maintain low production volume to test the market and then gradually ramp up based on market reception of such new products. Quality Assurance We are committed to maintaining the highest level of quality in our products. We have designed and implemented a quality management system that provides the framework for continual improvement of products and processes. For our new product lines, we conduct thorough examinations of product samples and each of their components at the product verification testing stage to make sure they satisfy all the technical requirements set forth in our structure design and industrial design. The examination results are recorded on a set of product sample documents, which are further reviewed and approved before they are handed over to our manufacturers to begin commercial production. For our existing product lines, we also have a quality assurance team that establishes, communicates and monitors quality standards by product category. Suppliers are kept apprised of quality assurance expectations through a vendor management portal environment. In addition, we have quality assurance personnel stationed at the facilities of our key manufacturers to perform sampling inspection to ensure that our manufacturers fully adhere to our quality standards in the production process. Strategic Collaborations Collaboration with PAI Health In June 2018, we began to collaborate with PAI Health, a heart health software company, to deliver health risk assessment services for the insurance industry. This collaboration aims to integrate our high quality smart wearable devices and digital experiences with PAI Health’s unique algorithms for providing a personalized guide for optimal levels of physical activity. PAI Health offers insurers a scientifically validated approach to assess and monitor some of the health risks typically associated with an inactive lifestyle, a growing global health problem. The services we intend to deliver together to insurers include customer acquisition and engagement tools which improve health and reduce costs. 40 Table of Contents Strategic Collaboration with Timex In November 2018, we began to collaborate with Timex Group, a global leader in watchmaking for more than 160 years. We and Timex will explore opportunities to develop new products and increase global presence in the smart wearables marketplace, pairing Timex’s longstanding expertise as watchmakers with our artificial intelligence technology, App design and manufacturing capabilities, to develop a new generation of smart watches that deliver on performance, style, craftsmanship and price. In addition, Timex and we will explore and develop value-added services, including e-payment, weight management, sports, fitness, and health care related services for users by leveraging our cloud service platform and AI technology and Timex’s vertical integration capabilities in watchmaking. Strategic Collaboration with McLaren Applied Technologies In January 2019, we entered into a strategic collaboration arrangement with McLaren Applied Technologies, a global leader in high-performance design and technology solutions, to jointly develop co-branded intelligent, data-driven, customized performance optimization solutions and wearable technologies. We expect these co-developed, co-branded products to work seamlessly with mobile applications to provide users with a comprehensive view of their biometric and activity data, particularly in relation to health and wellness-based activities and competitive e-sports, a market segment with growing popularity. The collaboration will also explore the application of metrics-driven wearables that contribute to the optimization of human performance in the field of racing, such as body sensors and AI technology. Sales and Marketing Xiaomi directly handles the sales and distributions of Xiaomi Wearable Products and also bears the associated advertising and marketing costs. However, we also play an important role in driving the sales strategy for Xiaomi Wearable Products. For example, we and Xiaomi work together to determine the quantity to be produced, the final selling price, the distribution channel and promotional events. Since September 2015, we have started to use the brand name “Amazfit” to market our self-branded products. We seek to increase our brand awareness by expanding our marketing efforts, strengthening our competitive differentiation, and providing our users with consistent and high quality products. Our self-branded products are sold via both online and offline channels. In terms of online platforms, we operate storefront on e-commerce platforms including Xiaomi, JD.com and TMall in addition to directly selling to certain of these e-commerce platforms who subsequently distribute to end users. For our offline network, we work with both well-established distributors to create points of purchase at their retail stores. In addition, our products have international versions that are manufactured for sales and distribution in overseas markets. The international versions of our products are first sold to our domestic distributors, who subsequently distribute to international distributors. We leverage Xiaomi’s strong sales and distribution channel in China and globally to distribute our self-branded products. Customer Service User experience is a key focus for our business. We strive to provide personalized support for our users, including support from live customer service representatives. The first point of contact for customer service inquiries is our self-service “Feedback” function embedded in our mobile apps. Our “Feedback” feature works 24/7 to collect complaints from our users. Representatives of Xiaomi and our distribution channels, especially those that manage our e- commerce channels, also provide customer services to users who purchased our products through their channels. These representatives are required to complete mandatory training on product knowledge, complaint handling and communication skills. In addition, we also maintain an internal call center to provide support to our users. Additionally, we have set up mobile chat groups to connect with users who are also enthusiastic followers of our products, and conduct focus group study periodically to better understand what our users desire from our products. Intellectual Property Protection of our intellectual property is a strategic priority for our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. Except for certain licenses for the off-the-shelf software used in connection with our day-to-day operations, we generally do not rely on third-party licenses of intellectual property for use in our business. As of March 31, 2019, we had obtained 223 patents and had submitted 284 additional patent applications. Our issued PRC patents will expire between 2024 and 2036 and our issued foreign patents will expire between 2020 and 2043. As of March 31, 2019, we had registered 538 trademarks and had submitted 399 additional trademark applications. Our registered PRC trademarks will expire between 2023 and 2029 but can be renewed. Our registered foreign trademarks will expire between 2021 and 2033 but can be renewed. As of March 31, 2019, we had obtained 15 software copyrights. 41 Table of Contents In addition to the foregoing protections, we generally control access to and use of our proprietary and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, such as use of confidentiality agreement with our employees and outside consultants. Competition We compete with other companies in every aspect of our business, particularly with companies that are in the smart wearables market. The smart wearables market has a multitude of participants, including consumer electronics companies specialized in smart wearable technology, such as Fitbit and Garmin, large, broad-based consumer electronics companies that either compete in our market or adjacent markets, or have announced plans to do so, such as Huawei, Apple and Samsung, traditional health and fitness companies and traditional watch companies. We also face competition from local providers of similar products in the different regions and countries where our products are distributed. We believe that the principal competitive factors impacting the market for our products include: • • • • • • • • brand recognition; breadth of product offerings; functionality; sales and distribution; data accuracy; sensor technology and algorithms; user services; and pricing. We believe we can compete favorably with our competitors on the basis of these factors. We believe we have one of the largest accumulative registered user bases in the global wearable devices industry as a result of our large shipment volume. The large amount of data we collect from our user base allows us to continuously improve our proprietary algorithms to enhance the performance of our products. We plan to establish our own brands as lifestyle brands by consistently introducing innovative products that offer increasingly rich premium services and functionalities for our self-branded products while continuing to leverage Xiaomi’s brand recognition and sales channel for Xiaomi Wearable Products. We have also developed proprietary chipsets that are extremely power efficient. For example, Mi Band 3 can run up to 20 days under normal usage after a full charge. Additionally, this feature allows our products to sample more data from users more frequently, enabling them to even more accurately track the measures while at the same time ensuring stable data transmission. However, the industry in which we compete is evolving rapidly and is becoming increasingly competitive. For additional information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—We operate in highly competitive markets and the scale and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can, which could result in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenue and profitability.” Seasonality Our business has historically been subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may be caused by product launches and various promotional events hosted by our distributors. Although we have historically experienced higher sales during the fourth quarter, primarily due to (i) holiday sales for Black Friday and Cyber Monday and during the lead-up to Christmas and (ii) the “Singles’ Day” online shopping festival organized by TMall, this pattern does not repeat itself every year. We typically experience our lowest sales volume in the first quarter of each year. Regulation This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us. 42 Table of Contents Regulation on Foreign Investment Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industry, or the Catalogue, which was promulgated and is amended from time to time by the Ministry of Commerce, or the MOFCOM, and the National Development and Reform Commission, or NDRC, and together with Existing FIE Laws and their respective implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Catalogue lays out the basic framework for foreign investment in China, classifying businesses into three categories with regard to foreign investment: “encourage,” “restricted” and “prohibited.” Industries not listed in the catalog are generally deemed as falling into a fourth category “permitted” unless specifically restricted by other PRC laws. In addition, on June 28, 2018 the MOFCOM and the NDRC jointly promulgated the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment, or the 2018 Negative List, which became effective on July 28, 2018 to amend the Guidance Catalog and the previous negative list thereunder. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the FIL, which will come into effect on January 1, 2020 and upon then the FIL will replace the Existing FIE Laws. The FIL embodies an expected regulatory trend in PRC to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. The FIL, by means of legislation, establishes the basic framework for the access, promotion, protection and administration of foreign investment in view of investment protection and fair competition. According to the FIL, foreign investment shall enjoy pre-entry national treatment, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. The FIL provides that foreign-invested entities operating in foreign “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require entry clearance and other approvals. However, it is unclear whether the “negative list” will differ from the 2018 Negative List. In addition, the FIL does not comment on the concept of “de facto control” or contractual arrangements with variable interest entities, however, it has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign investment” to include investments made by foreign investors in China through means stipulated by laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.” The FIL also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, that local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; foreign-invested enterprises are allowed to issue stocks and corporate bonds; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner, expropriate or requisition the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; mandatory technology transfer is prohibited; foreign investors’ funds are allowed to be freely transferred out and into the territory of PRC, which run through the entire lifecycle from the entry to the exit of foreign investment; and providing an all-around and multi-angle system to guarantee fair competition of foreign-invested enterprises in the market economy. In addition, foreign investors or the foreign investment enterprise should be imposed legal liabilities for failing to report investment information in accordance with the requirements. Furthermore, the FIL provides that foreign-invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after the implementing of the FIL, which means that foreign-invested enterprises may be required to adjust the structure and corporate governance in accordance with the current PRC Company Law and other laws and regulations governing the corporate governance. Regulation on Product Quality The PRC Product Quality Law applies to all production and sale activities in China. Pursuant to this law, products offered for sale must satisfy the relevant quality and safety standards. Enterprises may not produce or sell counterfeit products in any fashion. Violations of state or industrial standards for health and safety and any other related violations may result in civil liabilities and administrative penalties, such as compensation for damages, fines, suspension or shutdown of business, as well as confiscation of products illegally produced and sold and the proceeds from such sales. Severe violations may subject the responsible individual or enterprise to criminal liabilities. Where a defective product causes physical injury to a person or damage to another person’s property, the victim may claim compensation from the manufacturer or from the seller of the product. If the seller pays compensation and it is the manufacturer that should bear the liability, the seller has a right of recourse against the manufacturer. Similarly, if the manufacturer pays compensation and it is the seller that should bear the liability, the manufacturer has a right of recourse against the seller. 43 Table of Contents Regulation on Consumer Protection The PRC Consumer Protection Law, as amended on October 25, 2013 and effective on March 15, 2014, sets out the obligations of business operators and the rights and interests of the consumers. Pursuant to this law, business operators must guarantee that the commodities they sell satisfy the requirements for personal or property safety, provide consumers with authentic information about the commodities, and guarantee the quality, function, usage and term of validity of the commodities. Failure to comply with the Consumer Protection Law may subject business operators to civil liabilities such as refunding purchase prices, exchange of commodities, repairing, ceasing damages, compensation, and restoring reputation, and even subject the business operators or the responsible individuals to criminal penalties if business operators commit crimes by infringing the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The amended PRC Consumer Protection Law further strengthens the protection of consumers and imposes more stringent requirements and obligations on business operators, especially on the business operators through the Internet. For example, the consumers are entitled to return the goods (except for certain specific goods) within seven days upon receipt without any reasons when they purchase the goods from business operators via the Internet. The consumers whose interests have been damaged due to their purchase of goods or acceptance of services on online marketplace platforms may claim damages from sellers or service providers. Regulation on Torts Under the Tort Law of the PRC which became effective on July 1, 2010, if damages to other persons are caused by defective products due to the fault of a third party, such as the parties providing transportation or warehousing, the producers and the sellers of the products have the right to recover their respective losses from such third parties. If defective products are identified after they have been put into circulation, the producers or the sellers shall take remedial measures such as issuance of a warning, recall of products, etc. in a timely manner. The producers or the sellers shall be liable under tort if they fail to take remedial measures in a timely manner or have not made efforts to take remedial measures, thus causing damages. If the products are produced or sold with known defects, causing deaths or severe adverse health issues, the infringed party has the right to claim punitive damages in addition to compensatory damages. Regulation on Intellectual Property Rights The PRC has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and domain names. Patents Pursuant to the PRC Patent Law, most recently amended on December 27, 2008, and its implementation rules, most recently amended on January 9, 2010, patents in China fall into three categories: invention, utility model and design. An invention patent is granted to a new technical solution proposed in respect of a product or method or an improvement of a product or method. A utility model is granted to a new technical solution that is practicable for application and proposed in respect of the shape, structure or a combination of both of a product. A design patent is granted to the new design of a certain product in shape, pattern or a combination of both and in color, shape and pattern combinations aesthetically suitable for industrial application. Under the PRC Patent Law, the term of patent protection starts from the date of application. Patents relating to invention are effective for twenty years, and utility models and designs are effective for ten years from the date of application. The PRC Patent Law adopts the principle of ”first-to-file” system, which provides that where more than one person files a patent application for the same invention, a patent will be granted to the person who files the application first. Existing patents can become narrowed, invalid or unenforceable due to a variety of grounds, including lack of novelty, creativity, and deficiencies in patent application. In China, a patent must have novelty, creativity and practical applicability. Under the PRC Patent Law, novelty means that before a patent application is filed, no identical invention or utility model has been publicly disclosed in any publication in China or overseas or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means, whether in or outside of China, nor has any other person filed with the patent authority an application that describes an identical invention or utility model and is recorded in patent application documents or patent documents published after the filing date. Creativity means that, compared with existing technology, an invention has prominent substantial features and represents notable progress, and a utility model has substantial features and represents any progress. Practical applicability means an invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and may produce positive results. Patents in China are filed with the State Intellectual Property Office, or SIPO. Normally, the SIPO publishes an application for an invention patent within 18 months after the filing date, which may be shortened at the request of applicant. The applicant must apply to the SIPO for a substantive examination within three years from the date of application. Article 20 of the PRC Patent Law provides that, for an invention or utility model completed in China, any applicant (not just Chinese companies and individuals), before filing a patent application outside of China, must first submit it to the SIPO for a confidential examination. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the denial of any Chinese patent for the relevant invention. This added requirement of confidential examination by the SIPO has raised concerns by foreign companies who conduct research and development activities in China or outsource research and development activities to service providers in China. 44 Table of Contents Patent Enforcement Unauthorized use of patents without consent from owners of patents, forgery of the patents belonging to other persons, or engagement in other patent infringement acts, will subject the infringers to infringement liability. Serious offences such as forgery of patents may be subject to criminal penalties. When a dispute arises out of infringement of the patent owner’s patent right, Chinese law requires that the parties first attempt to settle the dispute through mutual consultation. However, if the dispute cannot be settled through mutual consultation, the patent owner, or an interested party who believes the patent is being infringed, may either file a civil legal suit or file an administrative complaint with the relevant patent administration authority. A Chinese court may issue a preliminary injunction upon the patent owner’s or an interested party’s request before instituting any legal proceedings or during the proceedings. Damages for infringement are calculated as the loss suffered by the patent holder arising from the infringement, and if the loss suffered by the patent holder arising from the infringement cannot be determined, the damages for infringement shall be calculated as the benefit gained by the infringer from the infringement. If it is difficult to ascertain damages in this manner, damages may be determined by using a reasonable multiple of the license fee under a contractual license. Statutory damages may be awarded in the circumstances where the damages cannot be determined by the above mentioned calculation standards. The damage calculation methods shall be applied in the aforementioned order. Generally, the patent owner has the burden of proving that the patent is being infringed. However, if the owner of an invention patent for manufacturing process of a new product alleges infringement of its patent, the alleged infringer has the burden of proof. As of March 31, 2019, we had 140 patents granted and 175 patent applications pending in China, 83 patents granted and 109 patent applications pending outside China. Trademark Law The PRC Trademark Law and its implementation rules protect registered trademarks. The PRC Trademark Office of State Administration of Industry and Commerce is responsible for the registration and administration of trademarks throughout the PRC. The Trademark Law has adopted a ”first-to- file” principle with respect to trademark registration. As of March 31, 2019, we owned 440 registered trademarks in different applicable trademark categories and were in the process of applying to register 129 trademarks in China, 98 registered trademarks in different applicable trademark categories and were in the process of applying to register 270 trademarks outside China. In addition, pursuant to the PRC Trademark Law, counterfeit or unauthorized production of the label of another person’s registered trademark, or sale of any label that is counterfeited or produced without authorization will be deemed as an infringement to the exclusive right to use a registered trademark. The infringing party will be ordered to stop the infringement immediately, a fine may be imposed and the counterfeit goods will be confiscated. The infringing party may also be held liable for the right holder’s damages, which will be equal to the gains obtained by the infringing party or the losses suffered by the right holder as a result of the infringement, including reasonable expenses incurred by the right holder for stopping the infringement. If the gains or losses are difficult to determine, the court may render a judgment awarding damages of no more than RMB3.0 million. Software Copyright Law In order to further implement the Computer Software Protection Regulations promulgated by the State Council on December 20, 2001, and amended subsequently, the State Copyright Bureau issued the Computer Software Copyright Registration Procedures on February 20, 2002, which apply to software copyright registration, license contract registration and transfer contract registration. As of March 31, 2019, we have registered 15 computer software copyrights in China. Regulation on Domain Name The domain names are protected under the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names promulgated by MIIT, effective on November 1, 2017. MIIT is the major regulatory body responsible for the administration of the PRC Internet domain names, under supervision of which China Internet Network Information Center, or CNNIC, is responsible for the daily administration of CN domain names and Chinese domain names. On September 25, 2002, CNNIC promulgated the Implementation Rules of Registration of Domain Name, or the CNNIC Rules, which was renewed on June 5, 2009 and May 29, 2012, respectively. Pursuant to the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names and the CNNIC Rules, the registration of domain names adopts the “first to file” principle and the registrant shall complete the registration via the domain name registration service institutions. In the event of a domain name dispute, the disputed parties may lodge a complaint to the designated domain name dispute resolution institution to trigger the domain name dispute resolution procedure in accordance with the CNNIC Measures on Resolution of the Top Level Domains Disputes, file a suit to the People’s Court or initiate an arbitration procedure. As of March 31, 2019, we have registered 71 domain names. 45 Table of Contents Regulation on Radio Transmission Equipment The Regulations on Radio Administration of the PRC jointly issued by the State Council and the Central Military Commission on November 11, 2016 and became effective on December 1, 2016, provide requirements concerning verification and approval of the models of radio transmission equipment. Pursuant to this law, except for micro-power short-range radio transmission equipment, whoever manufactures or imports other radio transmission equipment for sales or use on the domestic market shall apply to the State Radio Administration for model verification and approval. Whoever manufactures or imports radio transmission equipment that has not obtained model verification and approval for sales or use on the domestic market shall be ordered by the relevant radio administration to make correction and subject to fines. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have obtained the necessary Radio Transmission Equipment Type Approval Certificates for all of our products manufacturing and selling in the PRC. Regulation on Advertising Business The State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, is the government agency responsible for regulating advertising activities in the PRC. According to the PRC laws and regulations, companies that engage in advertising activities must obtain from SAIC or its local branches a business license which specifically includes operating an advertising business within its business scope. The business license of an advertising company is valid for the duration of its existence, unless the license is suspended or revoked due to a violation of any relevant law or regulation. PRC advertising laws and regulations set forth certain content requirements for advertisements in the PRC including, among other things, prohibitions on false or misleading content, superlative wording, socially destabilizing content or content involving obscenities, superstition, violence, discrimination or infringement of the public interest. Advertisers, advertising agencies, and advertising distributors are required by PRC advertising laws and regulations to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute is true and in full compliance with applicable law. In providing advertising services, advertising operators and advertising distributors must review the supporting documents provided by advertisers for advertisements and verify that the content of the advertisements complies with applicable PRC laws and regulations. Prior to distributing advertisements that are subject to government censorship and approval, advertising distributors are obligated to verify that such censorship has been performed and approval has been obtained. The release or delivery of advertisements through the Internet shall not impair the normal use of the network by users. The advertisements released in pop-up form on the webpage of the Internet and other forms shall indicate the close flag in prominent manner and ensure one-key close. Violation of these regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, SAIC or its local branches may revoke violators’ licenses or permits for their advertising business operations. On July 4, 2016, the SAIC issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising to regulate internet advertising activities. According to these measures, no advertisement of any medical treatment, medicines, food for special medical purpose, medical apparatuses, pesticides, veterinary medicines, dietary supplement or other special commodities or services subject to examination by an advertising examination authority as stipulated by laws and regulations may be published unless the advertisement has passed such examination. In addition, no entity or individual may publish any advertisement of over-the-counter medicines or tobacco on the internet. An internet advertisement must be identifiable and clearly identified as an “advertisement” to the consumers. Paid search advertisements are required to be clearly distinguished from natural search results. In addition, the following internet advertising activities are prohibited: providing or using any applications or hardware to intercept, filter, cover, fast forward or otherwise restrict any authorized advertisement of other persons; using network pathways, network equipment or applications to disrupt the normal data transmission of advertisements, alter or block authorized advertisements of other persons or load advertisements without authorization; or using fraudulent statistical data, transmission effect or matrices relating to online marketing performance to induce incorrect quotations, seek undue interests or harm the interests of others. Internet advertisement publishers are required to verify relevant supporting documents and check the content of the advertisement and are prohibited from publishing any advertisement with unverified content or without all the necessary qualifications. Internet information service providers that are not involved in internet advertising business activities but simply provide information services are required to block any attempt to publish an illegal advisement that they are aware of or should reasonably be aware of through their information services. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have obtained a business license, which allows us to operate advertising businesses, and adopted several measures. Our advertising contracts require that substantially all advertising agencies or advertisers that contract with us must examine the advertising content provided to us to ensure that such content are truthful, accurate and in full compliance with PRC laws and regulations. 46 Table of Contents Regulation on Medical Device The Regulations on Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, issued by the State Council in on January 4, 2000, and further amended on March 7, 2014, and on May 4, 2017, respectively, divide medical devices into three types. For Class I medical devices, the record-filing management shall be implemented, while for Class II and Class III ones, the registration management shall be implemented. In case of the application for registration of Class II medical devices, the applicant for registration shall submit the registration application materials to the CFDA at the province, autonomous region or municipality level. In case of the application for registration of Class III medical devices, the applicant for registration shall submit the registration application materials to the CFDA. The medical device registration certificate for Class II and Class III medical devices is valid for five years. Where engaging in production of Class II and Class III medical devices, the manufacturing party shall obtain the medical device production license. In addition, where engaging in operation of Class II medical devices, an operating enterprise shall also make a record-filing with the food and drug supervision and administration department. Currently, Anhui Huami Healthcare Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Anhui Huami, has engaged in the development of an ECG sensors-enabled smart band, which will be deemed as Class II medical devices for monitoring ECGs. We have completed the record-filing for operating Class II medical devices. We have also obtained the medical device production license and the CFDA Class II medical devices certification for such ECG sensors-enabled smart band. Regulation on Information Security The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or the Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017, to protect cyberspace security and order. Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, any individual or organization using the network must comply with the constitution and the applicable laws, follow the public order and respect social moralities, and must not endanger cyber security, or engage in activities by making use of the network that endanger the national security, honor and interests, or infringe on the fame, privacy, intellectual property and other legitimate rights and interests of others. The Cyber Security Law sets forth various security protection obligations for network operators, which are defined as “owners and administrators of networks and network service providers”, including, among others, complying with a series of requirements of tiered cyber protection systems; verifying users’ real identity; localizing the personal information and important data gathered and produced by key information infrastructure operators during operations within the PRC; and providing assistance and support to government authorities where necessary for protecting national security and investigating crimes. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have adopted security policies and measures to protect our cyber system and user information. Regulations on Internet Privacy The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, issued by the State Council on January 8, 2011, prohibit ICP service operators from insulting or slandering a third party or infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of a third party. Under the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services, issued by the MIIT on December 19, 2011, an ICP operator may not collect any user personal information or provide any such information to third parties without the consent of a user. An ICP service operator must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information necessary for the provision of its services. An ICP service operator is also required to properly keep the user personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user personal information, the ICP service operator must take immediate remedial measures and, in severe circumstances, to make an immediate report to the telecommunications regulatory authority. In addition, pursuant to the Decision on Strengthening the Protection of Online Information issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on December 28, 2012 and the Order for the Protection of Telecommunication and Internet User Personal Information issued by the MIIT on July 16, 2013, any collection and use of user personal information must be subject to the consent of the user, abide by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity and be within the specified purposes, methods and scopes. An ICP service operator must also keep such information strictly confidential, and is further prohibited from divulging, tampering or destroying of any such information, or selling or proving such information to other parties. Any violation of the above decision or order may subject the ICP service operator to warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, cancellation of filings, closedown of websites or even criminal liabilities. Furthermore, on June 28, 2016, the State Internet Information Office issued the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services, which became effect on August 1, 2016, to further strengthen the regulation of the mobile applications information services. Pursuant to these provisions, owners or operators of mobile applications that provide information services are required to be responsible for information security management, establish and improve the protective mechanism for user information, observe the principles of legality, rightfulness and necessity, and expressly state the purpose, method and scope of, and obtain user consent to, the collection and use of users’ personal information. In addition, the Cyber Security Law also requires network operators to strictly keep confidential users’ personal information that they have collected and to establish and improve user information protective mechanism. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have required our users to consent to our collecting and using their personal information, and established information security systems to protect user’s privacy. 47 Table of Contents Regulation on Employment The Labor Law of the PRC, effective on January 1, 1995 and subsequently amended on August 27, 2009 and December 29, 2018, the PRC Employment Contract Law, effective on January 1, 2008 and subsequently amended on December 28, 2012 and the Implementing Regulations of the Employment Contract Law, effective on September 18, 2008, provide requirements concerning employment contracts between an employer and its employees. If an employer fails to enter into a written employment contract with an employee within one year from the date on which the employment relationship is established, the employer must rectify the situation by entering into a written employment contract with the employee and pay the employee twice the employee’s salary for the period from the day following the lapse of one month from the date of establishment of the employment relationship to the day prior to the execution of the written employment contract. The Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules also require compensation to be paid upon certain terminations, which significantly affects the cost of reducing workforce for employers. In addition, if an employer intends to enforce a non- compete provision in an employment contract or non-competition agreement with an employee, it has to compensate the employee on a monthly basis during the term of the restriction period after the termination or expiry of the labor contract. Employers in most cases are also required to provide severance payment to their employees after their employment relationships are terminated. Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund, and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by the local government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located. According to the Social Insurance Law, an employer that fails to make social insurance contributions may be ordered to pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline and be subject to a late fee. If the employer still fails to rectify the failure to make social insurance contributions within the stipulated deadline, it may be subject to a fine ranging from one to three times the amount overdue. According to the Regulations on Management of Housing Fund, an enterprise that fails to make housing fund contributions may be ordered to rectify the noncompliance and pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline; otherwise, an application may be made to a local court for compulsory enforcement. Regulation on Tax PRC Enterprise Income Tax The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which was promulgated on March 16, 2007 and took effect on January 1, 2008, and further amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018, imposes a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all PRC resident enterprises, including foreign-invested enterprises, unless they qualify for certain exceptions. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the PRC resident enterprise’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. If a non-resident enterprise sets up an organization or establishment in the PRC, it will be subject to enterprise income tax for the income derived from such organization or establishment in the PRC and for the income derived from outside the PRC but with an actual connection with such organization or establishment in the PRC. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, which was promulgated on December 6, 2007 and took effect on January 1, 2008, permit certain “high and new technology enterprises strongly supported by the state” that independently own core intellectual property and meet statutory criteria, to enjoy a reduced 15% enterprise income tax rate. On January 29, 2016, the State Administration for Taxation, or SAT, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Administrative Rules for the Certification of High and New Technology Enterprises specifying the criteria and procedures for the certification of High and New Technology Enterprises. PRC Value Added Tax On January 1, 2012, the State Council officially launched a pilot value-added tax reform program, or the Pilot Program, applicable to businesses in selected industries. Businesses in the Pilot Program would pay value added tax, or VAT, instead of business tax. The Pilot Program initially applied only to transportation industry and “modern service industries” in Shanghai and would be expanded to eight trial regions (including Beijing and Guangdong province) and nationwide if conditions permit. On March 23, 2016, the MOF and the SAT jointly issued the Circular on the Pilot Program for Overall Implementation of the Collection of Value Added Tax Instead of Business Tax, or Circular 36, which took effect on May 1, 2016. Pursuant to the Circular 36, all of the companies operating in construction, real estate, finance, modern service or other sectors which were required to pay business tax are required to pay VAT, in lieu of business tax. The VAT rate is 6%, except for rate of 11% for real estate sale, land use right transferring and providing service of transportation, postal sector, basic telecommunications, construction, real estate lease; rate of 17% for providing lease service of tangible property; and rate of zero for specific cross-bond activities. 48 Table of Contents On April 4, 2018, the MOF and the SAT jointly promulgated the Circular of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Adjustment of Value-Added Tax Rates, or Circular 32, according to which, (i) for VAT taxable sales or importation of goods originally subject to value-added tax rates of 17% and 11% respectively, such tax rates shall be adjusted to 16% and 10%, respectively; (ii) for purchase of agricultural products originally subject to deduction rate of 11%, such deduction rate shall be adjusted to 10%; (iii) for purchase of agricultural products for the purpose of production and sales or consigned processing of goods subject to tax rate of 16%, such tax shall be adjusted to 12%; (iv) for exported goods originally subject to tax rate of 17% and export tax refund rate of 17%, the export tax refund rate shall be adjusted to 16%; and (v) for exported goods and cross-border taxable acts originally subject to tax rate of 11% and export tax refund rate of 11%, the export tax refund rate shall be adjusted to 10%. Circular 32 became effective on May 1, 2018 and shall supersede any previously existing provisions in case of inconsistency. On March 20, 2019, the MOF, the SAT and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the Announcement on Policies for Deepening the VAT Reform, or Announcement 39, to further lower value-added tax rates. According to the Announcement 39, (i) for general VAT payers’ sales activities or imports that are subject to an existing VAT rate of 16% or 10%, the VAT rate is adjusted to 13% or 9%, respectively; (ii) for the agricultural products purchased by taxpayers to which an existing 10% deduction rate is applicable, the deduction rate is adjusted to 9%; (iii) for the agricultural products purchased by taxpayers for production or commissioned processing, which are subject to an existing VAT rate of 13%, the input VAT will be calculated at a 10% deduction rate; (iv) for the exportation of goods or labor services that are subject to an existing VAT rate of 16%, with the applicable export refund at the same rate, the export refund rate is adjusted to 13%; and (v) for the exportation of goods or cross-border taxable activities that are subject to an existing VAT rate of 10%, with the export refund at the same rate, the export refund rate is adjusted to 9%. The Announcement 39 came into effect on April 1, 2019 and will prevail in case of any conflict with existing provisions. PRC Dividend Withholding Tax Under the PRC tax laws effective prior to January 1, 2008, dividends paid to foreign investors by foreign-invested enterprises were exempt from PRC withholding tax. Pursuant to the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign enterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Under the China-HK Taxation Arrangement, income tax on dividends payable to a company resident in Hong Kong that holds more than a 25% equity interest in a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to a rate of 5%. In February 2018, the State Administration of Taxation issued the “Announcement on Issues concerning Beneficial Owners in Tax Treaties”, or Circular No. 9, effective on April 1, 2018, to replace the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on the Interpretation and the Determination of the Beneficial Owners in the Tax Treaties, effective from October 2009. Circular No. 9 provides a more elastic guidance to determine whether the applicant engages in substantive business activities. Furthermore, under the “Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Enterprises to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties”, non-resident taxpayers who satisfy the criteria for entitlement to tax treaty benefits may, at the time of tax declaration or withholding declaration through a withholding agent, enjoy the tax treaty benefits, and be subject to follow-up administration by the tax authorities. Where the non-resident taxpayer does not apply to the withholding agent to claim the tax treaty benefits, or the materials and the information stated in the relevant reports and statements provided to the withholding agent do not satisfy the criteria for entitlement to tax treaty benefits, the withholding agent shall withhold tax pursuant to the provisions of PRC tax laws. In addition, according to a tax circular issued by SAT in February 2009, if the main purpose of an offshore arrangement is to obtain a preferential tax treatment, the PRC tax authorities have the discretion to adjust the preferential tax rate enjoyed by the relevant offshore entity. Although our WFOE is currently wholly owned by Huami HK Limited, we cannot assure you that we will be able to enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the China-HK Taxation Arrangement. Regulation on Foreign Exchange The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, most recently amended on August 5, 2008. Under the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of foreign currency- denominated loans. On August 29, 2008, SAFE issued the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular No. 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign- invested enterprise of foreign currency-registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular No. 142 provides that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and may not be used for equity investments within China. SAFE also strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises. The use of such RMB capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. On March 30, 2015, SAFE issued 49 Table of Contents SAFE Circular No. 19, which took effective and replaced SAFE Circular No. 142 on June 1, 2015. Although SAFE Circular No. 19 allows for the use of RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, the restrictions continue to apply as to foreign-invested enterprises’ use of the converted RMB for purposes beyond the business scope, for entrusted loans or for inter-company RMB loans. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to nonassociated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 or Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. On November 19, 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies on Foreign Direct Investment which substantially amends and simplifies the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to this circular, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts (e.g., pre-establishment expenses accounts, foreign exchange capital accounts and guarantee accounts), the reinvestment of lawful incomes derived by foreign investors in China (e.g. profit, proceeds of equity transfer, capital reduction, liquidation and early repatriation of investment), and purchase and remittance of foreign exchange as a result of capital reduction, liquidation, early repatriation or share transfer in a foreign- invested enterprise no longer require SAFE approval, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible before. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in China based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches. On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving the Policies Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular No. 13, which took effect on June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular No. 13 delegates the authority to enforce the foreign exchange registration in connection with the inbound and outbound direct investment under relevant SAFE rules to certain banks and therefore further simplifies the foreign exchange registration procedures for inbound and outbound direct investment. Regulation on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents On July 4, 2014, SAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, and its implementation guidelines, which abolished and superseded the Circular on Several Issues concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Financing and in Return Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Companies, SAFE Circular 75. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and its implementation guidelines, PRC residents (including PRC institutions and individuals) must register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment in an overseas special purpose vehicle, or SPV, directly established or indirectly controlled by PRC residents for the purposes of offshore investment and financing with their legally owned assets or interests in domestic enterprises, or their legally owned offshore assets or interests. Such PRC residents are also required to amend their registrations with SAFE when there is a change to the basic information of the SPV, such as changes of a PRC resident individual shareholder, the name or operating period of the SPV, or when there is a significant change to the SPV, such as changes of the PRC individual resident’s increase or decrease of its capital contribution in the SPV, or any share transfer or exchange, merger, division of the SPV. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the Circular 37 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate, the capital inflow from the offshore entities and settlement of foreign exchange capital, and may also subject relevant onshore company or PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. Wang Huang, Yunfen Lu, Meihui Fan, Bin Fan, Yi Zhang and Xiaojun Zhang, our PRC resident shareholders, have completed required registrations with the local counterpart of SAFE in relation to our financing and restructuring to our shareholding structure. Regulation on Employee Share Options On December 25, 2006, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the Administrative Measures for Individual Foreign Exchange. On February 15, 2012, SAFE issued the Notices on Issues concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies, or the Stock Option Rules, which replaced the Application Procedures of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Ownership Plans or Stock Option Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies issued by SAFE on March 28, 2007. Pursuant to the Stock Option Rules, PRC residents who are granted shares or stock options by companies listed on overseas stock exchanges according to the stock incentive plans are required to register with SAFE or its local branches, and PRC residents participating in the stock incentive plans of overseas listed companies shall retain a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly-listed company or another qualified institution selected by such PRC subsidiary, to conduct SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the stock incentive plans on behalf of these participants. Such participants must also retain an overseas entrusted institution to handle matters in connection with their exercise of stock options, purchase and 50 Table of Contents sale of corresponding stocks or interests, and fund transfer. In addition, the PRC agents are required to amend SAFE registration with respect to the stock incentive plan if there is any material change to the stock incentive plan, the PRC agents or the overseas entrusted institution or other material changes. The PRC agents shall, on behalf of the PRC residents who have the right to exercise the employee share options, apply to SAFE or its local branches for an annual quota for the payment of foreign currencies in connection with the PRC residents’ exercise of the employee share options. The foreign exchange proceeds received by the PRC residents from the sale of shares under the stock incentive plans granted and dividends distributed by the overseas listed companies must be remitted into the bank accounts in the PRC opened by the PRC agents before distribution to such PRC residents. In addition, the PRC agents shall file each quarter the form for record-filing of information of the Domestic Individuals Participating in the Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Listed Companies with SAFE or its local branches. Our PRC citizen employees who have been granted share options or restricted shares, or PRC grantees, are subject to the Stock Option Rules. If we or our PRC grantees fail to comply with the Individual Foreign Exchange Rule and the Stock Option Rules, we and/or our PRC grantees may be subject to fines and other legal sanctions. We may also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional share incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law. In addition, the State Administration for Taxation has issued certain circulars concerning employee share awards. Under these circulars, our employees working in the PRC who exercise share options or hold the vested restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our PRC subsidiaries have obligations to file documents related to employee share awards with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their share options or hold the vested restricted shares. If our employees fail to pay or we fail to withhold their income taxes according to relevant laws and regulations, we may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities. Regulation on Dividend Distributions The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreign-owned enterprises include: • • • Company Law of the PRC (1993), as amended in 1999, 2004, 2005, 2013 and 2018; Foreign Investment Enterprise Law of the PRC (1986), as amended in 2000 and 2016; and Administrative Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (1990), as amended in 2001 and 2014. Under these laws and regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China is required to set aside at least 10.0% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50.0% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The foreign-invested enterprise has the discretion to allocate a portion of its after- tax profits to staff welfare and bonus funds. A PRC company is not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year. 51 Table of Contents C. Organizational Structure The following chart illustrates our company’s organizational structure, including our principal subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities as of the date of this annual report: Notes: (1) Messrs. Wang Huang, Yunfen Lu, Meihui Fan, Bin Fan, Yi Zhang and Xiaojun Zhang are beneficial owners of the shares of our company and hold 45.8%, 2.1%, 2.1%, 2.1% 2.1% and 1.4% equity interests in Beijing Huami, respectively. They are either directors or employees of our company. De Liu and Bin Yue, who are also our directors, hold 17.7% and 5.9% equity interests in Beijing Huami, respectively. The remaining 20.7% equity interests in Beijing Huami are held by Liping Cao and Lhassa Multi-Industry Investment Management Co. Ltd., each of whom is an employee or affiliate of our shareholders. (2) Messrs. Wang Huang and Yunfen Lu are beneficial owners of the shares of our company and hold 54.9% and 0.3% equity interests in Anhui Huami, respectively. They are also directors of our company. De Liu and Bin Yue, who are also our directors, hold 17.9% and 6.0% equity interests in Anhui Huami, respectively. The remaining 20.9% equity interests in Anhui Huami are held by Liping Cao and Lhassa Multi-Industry Investment Management Co. Ltd., each of whom is an employee or affiliate of our shareholders. The following is a summary of the currently effective contractual arrangements by and among our wholly-owned subsidiary, Shunyuan Kaihua (our WFOE), our VIEs and their respective shareholders. 52 Table of Contents Agreements that provide us with effective control over the VIEs Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreements and Powers of Attorney. Pursuant to the amended and restated Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement, dated November 3, 2017, among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and each of the shareholders of Anhui Huami, each of the shareholders of Anhui Huami has executed a power of attorney to irrevocably authorize our WFOE or any person designated by our WFOE to act as his, her or its attorney-in-fact to exercise all of his, her or its rights as a shareholder of Anhui Huami, including, but not limited to, the right to convene and attend shareholders’ meetings, vote on any resolution that requires a shareholder vote, such as the appointment and removal of directors, supervisors and officers, as well as the sale, transfer and disposal of all or part of the equity interests owned by such shareholder. The power of attorney will remain effective until the termination of the Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement unless otherwise instructed by our WFOE. On November 3, 2017, our WFOE, Beijing Huami and each of the shareholders of Beijing Huami entered into an amended and restated Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement and power of attorney, which contain terms substantially similar to the Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement and power of attorney executed by the shareholders of Anhui Huami described above. Equity Pledge Agreements. Pursuant to the amended and restated Equity Pledge Agreement, dated November 3, 2017, among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and each of the shareholders of Anhui Huami, the shareholders of Anhui Huami have pledged 100% equity interests in Anhui Huami to our WFOE to guarantee the performance by the shareholders of their obligations under the Exclusive Option Agreement, the Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement and the Equity Pledge Agreement, as well as the performance by Anhui Huami of its obligations under the Exclusive Option Agreement, the Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement, the Exclusive Service Agreement and the Equity Pledge Agreement. In the event of a breach by Anhui Huami or any shareholder of contractual obligations under the Equity Pledge Agreement, our WFOE, as pledgee, will have the right to dispose of the pledged equity interests in Anhui Huami and will have priority in receiving the proceeds from such disposal. The shareholders of Anhui Huami also undertake that, without the prior written consent of our WFOE, they will not dispose of, create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests. Anhui Huami undertakes that, without the prior written consent of our WFOE, they will not assist or allow any encumbrance to be created on the pledged equity interests. Each shareholder has also executed a power of attorney to irrevocably authorize Wang Huang as his, her or its attorney-in-fact to sign any legal documents that are required or useful in exercising our WFOE’s rights under the Equity Pledge Agreement. On November 3, 2017, our WFOE, Beijing Huami and each of the shareholders of Beijing Huami entered into an amended and restated Equity Pledge Agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the Equity Pledge Agreement described above. We have completed the registration of the equity pledge with the competent office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in accordance with the PRC Property Rights Law. Loan Agreement. Pursuant to the loan agreement between our WFOE and Mr. Wang Huang, one of shareholders of Anhui Huami, dated November 3, 2017, our WFOE made interest-free loans in an aggregate amount of RMB15 million to Mr. Wang Huang for the exclusive purpose of acquiring equity interests in Anhui Huami. The loans can only be repaid with the proceeds derived from the sale of all of the equity interests in Anhui Huami to our WFOE or its designated representatives pursuant to the Exclusive Option Agreements. The term of the Loan Agreement is ten years from the date of the loan agreement and will be extended on a yearly basis unless otherwise instructed by our WFOE until the loan is repaid. Agreements that allow us to receive economic benefits from the VIEs Exclusive Consultation and Service Agreements. Pursuant to the amended and restated Exclusive Consultation Service Agreement, dated November 3, 2017, between our WFOE and Anhui Huami, our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide Anhui Huami with the consulting and technical services required by Anhui Huami’ business. Without our WFOE’s prior written consent, Anhui Huami may not accept any services subject to this agreement from any third party. Anhui Huami agrees to pay our WFOE an annual service fee at an amount that is equal to 100% of its net income or the amount which is adjusted in accordance with our WFOE’s sole discretion for the relevant year as well as the mutually-agreed amount for certain other technical services, both of which should be paid within three months after the end of the relevant calendar year. Our WFOE has the exclusive ownership of all the intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of the Exclusive Consultation and Service Agreement, to the extent permitted by applicable PRC laws. To guarantee Anhui Huami’s performance of its obligations thereunder, the shareholders have pledged their equity interests in Anhui Huami to our WFOE pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreement. The Exclusive Consultation and Service Agreement will remain effective for an indefinite term, unless otherwise terminated pursuant to mutual agreement in writing or applicable PRC laws. On November 3, 2017, our WFOE, Beijing Huami and each of the shareholders of Beijing Huami entered into an amended and restated Exclusive Consultation and Service Agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the Exclusive Consultation and Service Agreement described above. 53 Table of Contents Agreements that provide us with the option to purchase the equity interests in and assets of the VIEs Exclusive Option Agreements. Pursuant to the amended and restated Exclusive Option Agreement, dated November 3, 2017, among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and each of the shareholders of Anhui Huami, the shareholders of Anhui Huami have irrevocably granted our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of their equity interests in Anhui Huami, and Anhui Huami has irrevocably granted our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of its assets. Our WFOE or its designated person may exercise such options at the lowest price permitted under applicable PRC laws. The shareholders of Anhui Huami undertake that, without our WFOE’s prior written consent, they will not, among other things, (i) create any pledge or encumbrance on their equity interests in Anhui Huami, (ii) transfer or otherwise dispose of their equity interests in Anhui Huami, (iii) change Anhui Huami’s registered capital, (iv) amend Anhui Huami’s articles of association, (v) dispose of Anhui Huami’s material assets (except in the ordinary course of business), or (vi) merge Anhui Huami with any other entity. In addition, Anhui Huami undertakes that, without our WFOE’s prior written consent, it will not, among other things, create any pledge or encumbrance on any of its assets, or transfer or otherwise dispose of its material assets (except in the ordinary course of business). The Exclusive Option Agreement will remain effective until the entire equity interests in and all the assets of Anhui Huami have been transferred to our WFOE or its designated person. On November 3, 2017, our WFOE, Beijing Huami and each of the shareholders of Beijing Huami entered into an amended and restated Exclusive Option Agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the Exclusive Option Agreement described above. In the opinion of Zhong Lun Law Firm, our PRC legal counsel: • • the ownership structures of our VIEs in China and our WFOE comply with all existing PRC laws and regulations; and the contractual arrangements between our WFOE, our VIEs and their respective shareholders governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of our VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations” and “—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.” D. Property, Plant and Equipment Our headquarters are located in Hefei, where we own and lease the office building with an aggregate floor area of approximately 6,416 square meters. Our research and development facilities, including those for hardware engineering, structure design and mobile app development, and our management and operations facilities, including those for accounting, supply chain management, quality assurance and customer services, are located at our headquarters. We have sales and marketing, communication and business development personnel at our office in Beijing and supply chain management and factory management personnel at our office in Shenzhen. We also have research and development personnel who are responsible for biometric ID design and frontier technology at our office in Silicon Valley. We currently lease and occupy approximately 3,546 square meters of office space in Beijing, approximately 3,036 square meters of office space in Shenzhen, approximately 182 square meters of office space in Xi’an, approximately 254 square meters of office space in Silicon Valley, approximately 338 square meters of office space in San Diego, and approximately 277 square meters of office space in Shanghai. These leases vary in duration from 1 year to 3 years. ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. 54 Table of Contents ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” or in other parts of this annual report on Form 20-F. A. Operating Results Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Our research and development of innovative products and services We have dedicated and will continue to dedicate significant research and development efforts in developing innovative products and services. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, research and development expenses accounted for 50.3%, 49.2% and 45.9% of our total operating expenses and 8.5%, 7.5% and 7.2% of our revenues, respectively. Our future success is significantly dependent on our ability to continually launch products and services that are popular among consumers, particularly relative to those offered by our competitors. The popularity of our products and services in turn affects users’ engagement on our platform, the data of which form a critical foundation of our research and development efforts. Relationship with Xiaomi We have been the sole partner of Xiaomi to design and manufacture Xiaomi Wearable Products. Our strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi grants us the most-preferred-partner status globally to develop future Xiaomi Wearable Products and provides us with significant business demand, allowing us to commercially launch our products and ramp up our business quickly. Xiaomi is our exclusive distribution channel for all Xiaomi Wearable Products. Historically, we derived a substantial majority of our revenues from the sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, revenues from our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment represented 92.1%, 78.8% and 66.9% of our total revenues, respectively. In addition, we leverage Xiaomi’s established distribution network and global presence for the sales and promotion of our self-branded products and international expansion. Therefore, maintaining a close and mutually beneficial relationship with Xiaomi is critical to our operations and future growth. Effective control over material and manufacturing costs Material and manufacturing costs of our products have historically accounted for the largest portion of our cost of revenues. Our ability to effectively control material and manufacturing costs, especially by enhancing our bargaining power with suppliers and manufacturers, has affected and will continue to affect our profitability significantly. We expect our material and manufacturing costs to increase in absolute amounts as we increase our smart wearable device shipment volume. However, given our efficient supply chain management and industry leading market share, we believe we have the ability to control the overall level of material and manufacturing costs as percentage of revenues. Brand promotion and international expansion One of our important growth strategies is to attract new users through enhancing our brand recognition, particularly for our self-branded products. To execute this strategy, we plan to engage in a variety of marketing and brand promotion campaigns in China, which may cause our selling and marketing expenses to increase in the near future. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of our revenues were low historically, but it is possible that they may increase. International expansion also represents a significant opportunity to further grow our business. With our close collaboration with Xiaomi, we have leveraged and plan to continue to leverage Xiaomi’s global distribution network and fan base to expand into Xiaomi’s key target markets. At the same time, we are also building our own distribution network and promoting our own brand with a focus on North America, the European Union, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia, which requires us to dedicate additional time and resources. Seasonality We have historically experienced higher sales in the fourth quarter, primarily due to (i) holiday sales for Black Friday and Cyber Monday and during the lead-up to Christmas and (ii) “Singles’ Day” online shopping festival organized by TMall. Given the significant seasonality of our sales, timely and effective forecasting and product introductions for the peak seasons are critical to our operations. 55 Table of Contents Key Line Items and Specific Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Revenues We derive our revenues from two operating segments, (i) Xiaomi Wearable Products, and (ii) our self-branded products and others. The following table sets forth our revenues by segment and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated: Xiaomi Wearable Products Self-branded products and others(1) Total revenues 2016 RMB % Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB % (in thousands, except for percentages) RMB 2018 US$ 1,434,136 122,340 1,556,476 92.1 1,614,512 434,384 7.9 100.0 2,048,896 78.8 2,439,534 354,816 21.2 1,205,801 175,376 100.0 3,645,335 530,192 % 66.9 33.1 100.0 Note: (1) The revenue for self-branded products and others includes sales to Xiaomi of RMB15.5 million, RMB163.4 million and RMB359.3 million (US$52.3 million) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. We generate revenues primarily from sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products and our self-branded products. Our Xiaomi Wearable Products include Xiaomi-branded smart bands, watches, scales and associated accessories. Our self-branded products are our Amazfit-branded smart wearable products, which currently include smart bands, watches, modules and associated accessories. Cost of Revenues Our cost of revenues is comprised of the following: • • • • material costs; manufacturing and fulfillment costs of our products; an estimate of warranty costs; and related expenses that are directly attributable to the production of products. We procure a variety of raw materials and components from third-party suppliers, and outsource our manufacturing and order fulfillment activities to third parties. Our product costs fluctuate with the costs of raw materials and underlying product components as well as the prices we are able to negotiate with our contract manufacturers and raw material and component suppliers. Shipping costs for raw materials and components from domestic locations are borne by our suppliers and contract manufacturers. For raw materials and components procured overseas, our suppliers cover the shipping costs from place of origin to China, and we are responsible for the additional logistics costs if we consign these raw materials and components to our contract manufacturers. For products that are sold to Xiaomi pursuant to our business cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, we offer an 18-month warranty which includes a six-month warranty to Xiaomi and an additional 12-month warranty to end-users. For products sold directly to end users, the warranty period is 12 months to end users. We generally elect to replace the defective products covered under the warranty. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of warranty costs in relation to the products sold is recorded as a component of cost of revenues. The following table sets forth our cost of revenues by segment and as a percentage of total cost of revenues for the periods indicated: Xiaomi Wearable Products Self-branded products and others Total cost of revenues 2016 RMB % Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB % (in thousands, except for percentages) RMB 2018 US$ 1,182,646 97,678 1,280,324 92.4 1,232,792 321,402 7.6 100.0 1,554,194 79.3 1,883,509 273,945 822,376 119,610 20.7 100.0 2,705,885 393,555 % 69.6 30.4 100.0 56 Table of Contents The following table sets forth the gross profit and gross margin by segment: Xiaomi Wearable Products Self-branded products and others Total gross profit Xiaomi Wearable Products Self-branded products and others Overall gross margin Operating expenses 2016 RMB 251,490 24,662 276,152 17.5% 20.2% 17.7% Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB RMB (in thousands, except for percentages) 2018 US$ 381,720 112,982 494,702 23.6% 26.0% 24.1% 556,025 383,425 939,450 22.8% 31.8% 25.8% 80,870 55,767 136,637 We classify our operating expenses into three categories: research and development, general and administrative, and selling and marketing. Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits (including employee benefit expenses and share-based compensation expenses) for research and development personnel and other expenses associated with our research and development activities. General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits (including employee benefit expenses and share-based compensation expenses) for administrative personnel, as well as other expenses primarily relating to professional services and our facilities and other administrative expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute amounts in the foreseeable future due to the anticipated growth of our business as well as accounting, insurance, investor relations and other public company costs. Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of advertising and promotion expenses (including expenses for new product launch events), salaries and benefits for selling and marketing personnel, expenses related to business development through e- commerce platforms and other expenses associated with our selling and marketing activities. We bear the advertising and marketing expenses for our self- branded products. We do not bear such expenses for Xiaomi Wearable Products. We expect our selling and marketing expenses to increase in absolute amounts as we seek to increase our brand awareness and expand the marketing efforts for our self-branded products in both China and the international markets. Other income Other income primarily consists of subsidies received from local government authorities to encourage technology innovation and investment. 57 Table of Contents Results of Operations The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated, both in absolute amounts and as percentages of our total revenues. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. Summary Consolidated Statements of Operating Data: Revenues(1) Cost of revenues(2) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development expenses(3) General and administrative expenses(3) Selling and marketing expenses(3) Total operating expenses Operating (loss)/income Realized gain from investments Interest income Gain from fair value change of long-term investments Impairment loss from long-term investments Other income (Loss)/income before income tax Income tax benefit/(expense) (Loss)/income before loss from equity method investments (Loss)/income from equity method investments Net (loss)/income Notes: 2016 RMB % Years Ended December 31, 2017 % RMB (in thousands, except for percentages) RMB 2018 US$ % 1,556,476 1,280,324 276,152 100.0 2,048,896 82.3 1,554,194 494,702 17.7 100.0 3,645,335 75.9 2,705,885 939,450 24.1 530,192 393,555 136,637 100.0 74.2 25.8 132,304 8.5 153,827 7.5 263,220 38,284 7.2 102,644 27,821 262,769 13,383 — 754 — — 14,726 28,863 (3,088) 25,775 (1,829) 23,946 6.6 1.8 16.9 0.9 — 0.0 — — 0.9 1.9 (0.2) 1.7 (0.1) 1.5 114,880 44,026 312,733 181,969 2,373 3,003 — — 4,555 191,900 (27,611) 164,289 2,806 167,095 5.6 2.1 15.3 8.9 0.1 0.1 — — 0.2 9.4 (1.3) 213,973 96,538 573,731 365,719 261 11,595 7,860 (7,590) 8,768 386,613 (52,036) 31,121 14,041 83,446 53,191 38 1,686 1,143 (1,104) 1,275 56,229 (7,568) 8.0 0.1 8.2 334,577 1,743 336,320 48,661 254 48,915 5.9 2.6 15.7 10.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 10.6 (1.4) 9.2 0.0 9.2 (1) (2) (3) Includes RMB876.7 million, RMB1,449.9 million, RMB1,778.6 million and RMB2,817.0 million (US$409.7 million) with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Includes RMB762.9 million, RMB1,198.3 million, RMB1,355.5 million and RMB2,141.1 million (US$311.4 million) with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Share-based compensation expenses were included in operating expenses. Our share-based compensation expenses were the result of (i) our grants of options, restricted shares and restricted share units under our share incentive plans to our employees, and (ii) the share restriction agreements entered into among our founders and our preferred shareholders in relation to our private financing transactions in January 2014 and April 2015. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we recorded share-based compensation expenses of RMB37.2 million, RMB50.8 million, RMB51.5 million and RMB55.3 million (US$8.0 million), respectively, in relation to the vesting of the restricted shares of our founders under the share restriction agreements. Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017 Revenues Our revenues increased by 77.9% from RMB2,048.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB3,645.3 million (US$530.2 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to an increase in shipment volume of both of our Xiaomi Wearable Products and self-branded products, in particular, the increase in shipment volume of our self-branded products from approximately 1.0 million in 2017 to approximately 3.1 million in 2018. 58 Table of Contents Xiaomi Wearable Products. Our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment revenues increased by 51.1% from RMB1,614.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB2,439.5 million (US$354.8 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in shipment volume of our Xiaomi Wearable Products from approximately 17.1 million in 2017 to approximately 24.4 million in 2018. Self-branded products and others. Our self-branded products and others segment revenues increased by 177.6% from RMB434.4 million in 2017 to RMB1,205.8 million (US$175.4 million) in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in shipment volume of our self-branded products from approximately 1.0 million in 2017 to approximately 3.1 million in 2018. Cost of revenues Our cost of revenues increased by 74.1% from RMB1,554.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB2,705.9 million (US$393.6 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was in line with the rapid sales growth of our Xiaomi Wearable Products and self-branded products. Xiaomi Wearable Products. Costs of revenues for our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment increased by 52.8% from RMB1,232.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB1,883.5 million (US$273.9 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was in line with the sales growth of our Xiaomi Wearable Products. Self-branded products and others. Cost of revenues for our self-branded products and others segment increased by 155.9% from RMB321.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB822.4 million (US$119.6 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was in line with the sales growth of our self-branded products. Gross profit Our gross profit increased by 89.9% from RMB494.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB939.5 million (US$136.6 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our gross margin increased from 24.1% to 25.8% for the same period, which was primarily attributable to improved economies of scale as a result of enhanced manufacturing experience, improved supply chain efficiencies and a change in the product mix. Gross margin for our self-branded products and others segment increased to 31.8% in 2018 from 26.0% in 2017. The increase of gross margin for our self-branded products and others segment was primarily attributable to the launch of new products resulting in greater economies of scale as the shipment volume of our self-branded products increased significantly in 2018. We expect the gross margin of the self-branded products and others segment to continue to increase as we further realize economies of scale and improve operating efficiency with the increase in sales volume of our self-branded products. However, such factors may have limited effect on gross margin once our self-branded products become more mature and the shipment volume reaches a certain level. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses increased by 71.1% from RMB153.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB263.2 million (US$38.3 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to (i) an increase by RMB50.6 million in personnel-related costs in connection with hiring and retaining research and development staff; (ii) an increase by RMB 35.2 million in share-based compensation; (iii) an increase by RMB10.8 million in other expenses, including travel expenses and professional services; and (iv) an increase by RMB5.5 million in intellectual property protection-related expenses. General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses increased by 86.3% from RMB114.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB214.0 million (US$31.1 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to (i) an increase by RMB48.6 million increase in personnel-related costs in connection with hiring and retaining administrative staff; (ii) an increase by RMB32.1 million in share-based compensation; (iii) an increase by RMB8.4 million in foreign exchange losses and (iv) an increase by RMB3.6 million in fees for professional services. Selling and marketing expenses Selling and marketing expenses increased by 119.3% from RMB44.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB96.5 million (US$14.0 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to (i) an increase by RMB21.0 million in personnel-related costs in connection with hiring and retaining selling and marketing staff; (ii) an increase by RMB20.2 million in advertisement expenses, including expenses for promoting our products on e- commerce platforms and (iii) an increase by RMB4.3 million share-based compensation. 59 Table of Contents Operating income As a result of the factors set out above, we recorded an operating income of RMB365.7 million (US$53.2 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to an operating income of RMB182.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest income Interest income represents interest earned on bank deposits. We had interest income of RMB11.6 million (US$1.7 million) in 2018 and RMB3.0 million in 2017. Other income We had other income of RMB4.6 million in 2017 and RMB8.8 million (US$1.3 million) in 2018. Income tax benefits/(expenses) We recorded income tax expenses in the amount of RMB27.6 million in 2017 and RMB52.0 million in 2018. The increase in income tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to an increase in taxable income. Net income As a result of the foregoing, our net income increased by 101.3% from RMB167.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to RMB336.3 million (US$48.9 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018. Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016 Revenues Our revenues increased by 31.6% from RMB1,556.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB2,048.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in the sales of both self-branded products and Xiaomi wearable products. Xiaomi Wearable Products. Our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment revenues increased by 12.6% from RMB1,434.1 million in 2016 to RMB1,614.5 million in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in average revenue per unit of Xiaomi Wearable Products by 16.1% from RMB81.6 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB94.7 in the year ended December 31, 2017. Self-branded products and others. Our self-branded products and others segment revenues increased from RMB122.3 million in 2016 to RMB434.4 million in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in shipment volume of our self-branded products from approximately 253,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to approximately 1.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2017. Cost of revenues Our cost of revenues increased by 21.4% from RMB1,280.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB1,554.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Xiaomi Wearable Products. Costs of revenues for our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment increased by 4.2% from RMB1,182.6 million in 2016 to RMB1,232.8 million in 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the shift in production focus from Mi Band 1 to Mi Band 2 during the year ended December 31, 2017 and the higher per unit cost of Mi Band 2 compared to Mi Band 1. Self-branded products and others. Cost of revenues for our self-branded products and others segment increased from RMB97.7 million in 2016 to RMB321.4 million in 2017 which was in line with the increase of sales of our self-branded products. Gross profit Our gross profit increased by 79.1% from RMB276.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB494.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. 60 Table of Contents Our gross margin increased from 17.7% to 24.1% for the same period, which was primarily attributable to improved economies of scale as a result of enhanced manufacturing experience, improved supply chain efficiencies and a change in the product mix. Gross margin for our Xiaomi Wearable Products segment increased from 17.5% in 2016 to 23.6% in 2017 primarily due to the increase in sales volume of Mi Band 2, which had a higher suggested retail price than Mi Band 1, as well as greater economies of scale and stronger negotiating power with our suppliers and manufacturers. Gross margin for our self- branded products and others segment increased to 26.0% in 2017 from 20.2% in 2016. The increase of gross margin for our self-branded products and others segment was primarily attributable to the launch of new products resulting in greater economies of scale as the shipment volume of our self-branded products increased significantly in the year ended December 31, 2017. We are currently in the early stage of developing our self-branded products, and we expect the gross margin of the self-branded products and others segment to continue to increase as we further realize economies of scale and improve operating efficiency with the increase in sales volume of our self-branded products. However, such factors may have limited effect on gross margin once our self- branded products become more mature and the shipment volume reaches a certain level. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses increased by 16.3% from RMB132.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB153.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to the RMB7.8 million increase in expenditures on application development as well as the RMB5.0 million increase in share-based compensation and personnel-related costs to retain the technology-related personnel. For the year ended December 31, 2017, research and development expenses, as a percentage of revenues, decreased to 7.5% from 8.5% for the year ended December 31, 2016. General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses increased by 11.9% from RMB102.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB114.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Share-based compensation is a large component of our general and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses included share-based compensation expenses of RMB55.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and RMB55.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a RMB10.2 million increase in personnel-related costs, a RMB8.4 million increase in government fees and charges and a RMB3.5 million increase in professional service fees, partially offsetting by a RMB6.6 million decrease in foreign exchange losses as a result of operational transactions. For the year ended December 31, 2017, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, decreased to 5.6% from 6.6% for the year ended December 31, 2016. Selling and marketing expenses Selling and marketing expenses increased by 58.2% from RMB27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to RMB44.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to a RMB13.9 million increase in expenses to promote self-branded products through e-commerce platforms and a RMB5.1 million increase in personnel-related costs. For the year ended December 31, 2017, selling and marketing expenses, as a percentage of revenues, increased to 2.1% from 1.8% for the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating (loss)/income As a result of the factors set out above, we recorded an operating income of RMB182.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to an operating income of RMB13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Interest income Interest income represents interest earned on bank deposits. We had interest income of RMB0.8 million in 2016 and RMB3.0 million in 2017. Other income We had other income of RMB14.7 million in 2016 and RMB4.6 million in 2017, primarily as a result of subsidies income we recorded for the periods. Income tax benefits/(expenses) We recorded income tax expenses in the amount of RMB3.1 million in 2016 and RMB27.6 million in 2017. The increase in income tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to an increase in taxable income. 61 Table of Contents Net income As a result of the foregoing, our operating result improved from a net income of RMB23.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to a net income of RMB167.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Taxation We generate the majority of our operating income from our PRC operations. Income tax liability is calculated based on a separate return basis as if we had filed separate tax returns for all the periods presented. The Cayman Islands We are not subject to income or capital gains tax under the current laws of the Cayman Islands. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands. In addition, the Cayman Islands does not impose withholding tax on dividend payments. Hong Kong Our subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong, Huami HK Limited, is subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong for the years of assessment 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Commencing from the year of assessment 2018/2019, the first HK$2.0 million of profits earned by Huami HK Limited will be taxed at half the current tax rate (i.e., 8.25%) while the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at the existing 16.5% tax rate. Under the Hong Kong tax laws, we are exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on our foreign-derived income. In addition, payments of dividends from Huami HK Limited to us are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax. PRC Generally, our PRC subsidiaries, VIEs and their subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in China at a statutory rate of 25%. A “high and new technology enterprise” is entitled to a favorable statutory tax rate of 15% and such qualification is reassessed by relevant governmental authorities every three years. Anhui Huami began to qualify as a high and new technology enterprise, or HNTE, since 2015 and renewed the HNTE certificate in October 2018. Accordingly Anhui Huami was subject to a tax rate of 15% during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. We are subject to value added tax, or VAT, at a rate of 17% (before May 1, 2018), 16% (on and after May 1, 2018 and before April 1, 2019), and 13% (on and after April 1, 2019) on sales and/or import goods and at a rate of 6% on the services (research and development services, technology services, information technology services and/or culture and creativity services), in each case less any deductible VAT we have already paid or borne. We are also subject to surcharges on VAT payments in accordance with PRC law. Dividends paid by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China to our intermediary holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%, unless the relevant Hong Kong entity satisfies all the requirements under the Arrangement between the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and other related regulations, including Circular 9, and receives approval from the relevant tax authority. If Huami HK Limited satisfies all the requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval from the relevant tax authority, then the dividends paid to the Hong Kong subsidiary would be subject to withholding tax at the standard rate of 5%. Effective from November 1, 2015, the above mentioned approval requirement has been abolished, but a Hong Kong entity is still required to file application package with the relevant tax authority, and settle the overdue taxes if the preferential 5% tax rate is denied based on the subsequent review of the application package by the relevant tax authority. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.” If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of China were deemed to be a “resident enterprise” under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.” 62 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We continually evaluate these judgments and estimates based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application. The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. You should read the following description of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this annual report. Revenue recognition On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), “Topic 606” applying the modified retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. After Adoption of Topic 606 Nature of Goods and Services We generate substantially all of our revenues from sales of smart, wearable devices. We also generate a small amount of our revenues from our subscription-based services. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated 66.9% of revenue from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices and 33.1% of revenue from sales of our self-branded products. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. We recognized revenue, net of estimated sales returns and value-added taxes (“VAT”). We have determined that our contracts with our customers include multiple performance obligations that we account for separately as those are distinct from other items in the contract. The first performance obligation is the smart wearable device and embedded firmware that is essential to the functionality of the device, which the customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The second performance obligation is the software services included with the products, which are provided free of charge and enable users to sync, view, and access real- time data on our mobile apps. The third performance obligation is the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when-and-if- available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. We allocate the transaction price to all performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. The standalone selling prices are determined based on the expected cost plus margin as we determined that no observable price is available for any of its performance obligation. We considered multiple factors in the process of determining its cost plus margin including consumer behaviors and our internal pricing model. The cost plus margin estimated selling price for the smart and wearable devices comprised the majority of the transaction. The cost plus margin estimated selling price for the software services and software upgrades was estimated from RMB1.77 to RMB5.68 per unit for the year ended December 31, 2018. We recognize revenue for the amounts allocated to the connected smart and wearable devices when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point of time, typically upon delivery to the reseller and acceptance by the reseller, who has been identified as our customer. Amounts allocated to the software services and unspecified upgrade rights are deferred and recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit over an estimated nine-month period. Sales of self-branded products For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated 33.1% of revenues from sales of our self-branded products to retailers, distributors and end users. Our revenue recognition for its self-branded products was consistent with that described in the preceding paragraphs. 63 Table of Contents Cooperation Agreement with One Customer For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated 66.9% of revenues from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices. That customer is also the sole distributor for such smart wearable devices and is one of our shareholders. Under the cooperation agreement with this customer, we produce and assemble final product for shipments of wearable devices to that customer, who are then responsible for commercial distribution and sale of the product. The arrangement includes two payment installments. The first payment installment is priced to recover the costs incurred by us in developing and shipping the devices to the customer and is due from the customer to us once the products have been delivered and the customer has accepted the products. We allocate the initial payment installment between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their standalone selling price and recognizes revenue based on its recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. We are also entitled to receive a potential second installment payment calculated as 50 percent of the future net profits from commercial sales made by the customer. We have determined that the second installment consideration constitutes variable consideration and includes the amount in the transaction price to the extent it is not constrained and it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period (see below for further details). The second installment is also allocated between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on the relative standalone price and is recognized based on our recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. Our revenue recognition policy of its products under our cooperation agreement is substantially consistent with that for our sales of self-branded products except that the installment payments arrangement under the cooperation agreement is not available to the self-branded products. Variable Consideration Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimate of variable consideration which result from our cooperation agreement with one customer (see above for more details). The amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is not constrained and that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we will adjust these estimates, which would affect revenue and earnings in the period such variances are known. Sales Incentive Starting in 2018, we provide sales incentives to certain of our customers for self-branded products, including reduced sales prices and volume-based discounts. Volume discounts are negotiated on a contract-by-contract basis with customers and the discount will increase depending upon the volume purchased over the period. The sales incentives are discounts to be applied to future sales to the customer which cannot be exchanged for cash. To the extent that the volume discount or sales incentive represents a material right or options to acquire additional goods or services at a discount in the future period, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement based on the most likely amount of incentive to be provided to the customer. Amounts allocated to a material right are recognized as revenue when those future goods are sold to the customers. Practical Expedients and Exemptions We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling and marketing expenses. In addition, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as all of its contracts have an original expected length of one year or less. Period Prior to January 1, 2018 We recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and the services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. We recognized revenue, net of estimated sales returns and value-added taxes (“VAT”). Our contracts with our customers included multiple element arrangements. The first deliverable was the smart wearable device and embedded firmware that was essential to the functionality of the device. The second deliverable was the software services included with the products, which were provided free of charge and enabled users to sync, view, and access real-time data on our mobile apps. The third deliverable was the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when-and-if-available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. 64 Table of Contents We allocated revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. We used a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to the deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value, (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”). Because we did not have neither VSOE nor TPE for any of its deliverables, revenue was allocated to the deliverables on our BESP as if each deliverable was sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. Our process for determining its BESP considered multiple factors including consumer behaviors and our internal pricing model. The BESP for the smart and wearable devices comprised the majority of the arrangement consideration. The BESP for the software services and software upgrades was estimated from RMB0.43 to RMB2.82 per unit and from RMB1.30 to RMB5.69 per unit for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. We recognized revenue for the amounts allocated to the connected smart and wearable devices at the time of delivery and acceptance (except as noted below), provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Revenue for products sold through distributors or retailers was recognized on a sell-in basis. Amounts allocated to the software services and unspecified upgrade rights were deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated usage period which approximately 9 months. Sales of self-branded products For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, we generated 7.9% and 21.2% of revenues from sales of our self-branded products to retailers, distributors and end users. Our revenue recognition for its self-branded products was consistent with that described in the preceding paragraphs. Cooperation agreement with one customer For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, we generated 92.1% and 78.8% of revenues from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices. That customer was also the sole distribution channel for such smart wearable devices and is one of our shareholders. Under the cooperation agreement with this customer, we produce and assemble final product for shipments of wearable devices to that customer, who are then responsible for commercial distribution and sale of the product. The arrangement includes two payment installments. The first payment installment is priced to recover the costs incurred by us in developing and shipping the devices to the customer and is due from the customer to us once the products have been delivered and the customer has accepted the products. We allocate the initial payment installment between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their relative fair value and recognizes revenue based on its recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. We are also entitled to receive a potential second installment payment calculated as 50 percent of the future net profits from commercial sales made by the customer. Given the revenue from the profit sharing arrangement is contingent on the commercial sale, we recognized revenue from the second installment in the period following the commercial sale by the customer, which is when the fee was fixed and determinable. The fee related to the second installment was usually earned by we between 30 to 45 days after initial shipment of the product to the customer. The second installment was also allocated between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their relative fair value and is recognized based on our recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. Our revenue recognition policy of our products under our cooperation agreement was substantially consistent with that for its sales of self-branded products except that the installment payments arrangement under our cooperation agreement is not available for the self-branded products. Rights of return We offer limited sales returns for self-branded products sold directly to our customers. We estimate the amount of our products sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related revenue is recognized. We currently estimate product return liabilities using our own historical sales information. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, returns have been insignificant. Product Warranty We offer a standard product warranty that the product will operate under normal use. For products sold to the one customer under the business cooperation agreement, the warranty period is 18 months which includes a six-month warranty to that customer and an additional 12-month warranty to end- users. For products sold directly to end users, the warranty period includes a 12-month warranty to end users. We have the obligation, at our option, to either repair or replace the defective product. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of future warranty costs is recorded as a component of cost of revenues. The reserves established are regularly monitored based upon historical experience and any actual claims charged against the reserve. Warranty reserves are recorded as a cost of revenue. 65 Table of Contents Inventories Our inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods and work in process. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a weighted average basis. Inventory costs include expenses that are directly or indirectly incurred in the purchase, including shipping and handling costs charged to us by suppliers, and production of manufactured product for sale. Expenses include the cost of materials and supplies used in production, direct labor costs and allocated overhead costs such as depreciation, insurance, employee benefits and indirect labor. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. We assess the valuation of inventory and periodically write down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon the product life cycle. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the inventories write-down was RMB1.0 million, RMB2.4 million and nil, respectively. Acquired intangible asset Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill consist of the domain name for our website www.huami.com, trademark and patents. The domain name is recognized as an intangible asset with indefinite life and evaluated for impairment at least annually or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Such impairment test compares the fair value of asset with its carrying value, and an impairment loss is recognized if and when the carrying amount exceed the fair value. The estimates of values of the intangible asset not subject to amortization are determined using discounted cash flow valuation approach. Significant assumptions are inherent in this process, including estimates of discount rates. The patents and trademark are recognized as intangible assets with finite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful economic lives. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 10 years. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or change in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the stock prices, business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The estimation of fair value of each reporting unit using a discounted cash flow methodology also requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital. The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on results of operations and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for the reporting unit. We perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of the affected reporting unit’s goodwill to the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying amount of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. In 2018, we recognized nil impairment loss on goodwill. Long-term investments Our long-term investments consist of equity securities without readily determinable fair value, equity method investments and available-for-sale securities investments. 66 Table of Contents (a) Equity securities without readily determinable fair value. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-01 and 2018-03. Prior to 2018, for investee companies over which we do not have significant influence or a controlling interest, equity securities without determinable fair value were accounted for using the cost method of accounting, measured at cost less other-than-temporary impairment. Starting in 2018, these securities are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes. We review our equity securities without readily determinable fair value for impairment at each reporting period by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, the operating performance of the companies including current earning trends and other company specific information. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we did not record any impairment losses on its equity securities without readily determinable fair values (b) Equity Method Investment. For an investee company over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have a controlling interest, we account for the investment under the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%. Other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements are also considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investee company’s accounts are not reflected within our consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations; however, our share of the earnings or losses of the investee company is reflected in the caption “(loss)/income from equity method investments” in the consolidated statements of operations. An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than- temporary. We estimated the fair value of the investee company based on comparable quoted price for similar investment in active market, if applicable, or discounted cash flow approach which requires significant judgments, including the estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of long-term growth rate of a company’s business, the estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and the determination of the weighted average cost of capital. We recorded nil, nil and RMB4.1 million (US$0.6 million) impairment losses on its equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. (c) Available-for-sale Investments. For investments which are determined to be debt securities, we account for them as long-term available-for-sale investments when it is not classified as either trading or held-to-maturity investments. Available-for-sale investment is carried at its fair value and the unrealized gains or losses from the changes in fair values are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. We review our investments for other than temporary impairment based on the specific identification method. We consider available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of our investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds the investment’s fair value, we consider, among other factors, general market conditions, government economic plans, the duration and the extent to which the fair value of the investment is less than the cost, our intent and ability to hold the investment, and the financial condition and near term prospects of the investees. We recorded nil, nil and RMB3.5 million (US$0.5 million) impairment losses on our available-for-sale investments during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Income taxes Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Net operating loss carry forwards and credits are applied using enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more-likely-than-not that a portion of or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions by reporting a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Tax benefits are recognized from uncertain tax positions when we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. 67 Table of Contents Share-based payment Share-based payment transactions with employees, such as share options are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument. We elected to recognize compensation expenses using the straight-line method for all employee equity awards granted with graded vesting provided that the amount of compensation cost recognized at any date is at least equal to the portion of the grant-date value of the options that are vested at that date, over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period of the award. We estimated the fair value of share options using the binomial option-pricing model with the assistance from an independent valuation firm. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant with the following key assumptions: Risk-free interest rate Contractual term (number of years) Expected volatility Expected dividend yield June 14, 2016 September 8, 2016 May 31, 2017 August 27, 2017 March 25, 2018 June 3, 2018 December 24, 2018 1.62% 2.85% 2.11% - 2.28% 2.07% - 2.17% 2.04% - 2.82% 2.79% - 2.83% 2.57% 10 46.09% 0% 10 10 47.82% 45.8% - 49.5% 0% 0% 10 49.2% - 49.5% 0% 1 - 10 36% - 49% 0% 7 - 10 50.3% - 52.5% 0% 10 50.6% 0% We estimate the fair value of our restricted shares and restricted share units based on the fair value of our ordinary shares on the date of grant. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we recorded share-based compensation expenses of RMB6.5 million, RMB6.6 million and RMB29.4 million (US$4.3 million) related to restricted shares and restricted share units. Restricted shares owned by the founders As one of the conditions to the closing of our preferential equity investments in January 2014, two founders entered into a share restriction agreement with the preferential equity interests shareholders. Pursuant to this agreement, those founders are prohibited from transferring, selling, assigning, pledging or disposing in any way their equity interest in the Company before such interest is vested. The equity interest held by these founders were 50% converted to restricted equity interest and vest in 24 equal and continuous monthly installments for each month starting from January 2014, provided that those founders remain full-time employees of our Company at the end of such month. A total of 45,567,164 restricted shares were held by those founders as of April 2015. In April 2015, as one of the condition of the closing of the preferred shareholders agreement, the agreement was amended to (1) restrict additional shares and extend the vesting period for an additional 48 months and (2) restrict shares held by four other founders similar to the restrictions imposed in January 2014. We also obtained an irrevocable and exclusive option to repurchase all of the restricted shares held by those founders at par value both in January 2014 and April 2015. We accounted for the share restriction agreement between the founders and us as a grant of restricted stock award under a stock-based compensation plan. Accordingly, we measured the fair value of the restricted shares of the founders at the grant date and recognizes the amount as compensation expense over the service period. Additionally, we accounted for the modification of the restriction in April 2015 as a modification of share-based compensation. We calculated the incremental fair value resulting from the modification and recorded it as share-based compensation over the revised vesting term. We determined that the non-vested restricted shares are participating securities as the holders of the non-vested restricted shares have a non- forfeitable right to receive dividends with all ordinary shares but the non-vested restricted shares do not have a contractual obligation to fund or otherwise absorb our losses. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 we recorded share-based compensation expenses of RMB50.8 million, RMB51.5 million and RMB55.3 million (US$8.0 million) related to the unvested shares of the founders. Fair Value of Ordinary Shares Prior to our initial public offering, we were a private company with no quoted market prices for our ordinary shares. We made estimates of the fair value of our ordinary shares at various dates as one of the inputs into determining the grant date fair value of share-based compensation awards. In determining the fair value of our ordinary shares, we have considered the guidance prescribed by the AICPA Audit and Accounting Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, or the Practice Aid, which sets forth the preferred types of valuation that should be used. These estimates are no longer necessary to determine the fair value of our ordinary shares after our ADSs begin trading. 68 Table of Contents The following table sets forth the fair value of our ordinary shares estimated at different dates in 2016 and 2017: Date June 14, 2016 September 8, 2016 May 31, 2017 August 27, 2017 Class of Shares Ordinary Share $ Ordinary Share $ Ordinary Share $ Ordinary Share $ Fair Value 1.08 1.08 1.61 1.93 Purpose of valuation DLOM Discount Rate share options share options share options share options 15% 15% 13% 10% 21% 21% 19.5% 19.5% In determining the fair value of our ordinary shares in 2016 and 2017, our independent third-party appraiser used the DCF method of the income approach to derive the fair value of our ordinary shares. The determination of the fair value of our ordinary shares required complex and subjective judgments to be made regarding our projected financial and operating results, our unique business risks, the liquidity of our shares and our operating history and prospects at the time of valuation. We also applied a discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM, with a range of 10%-20% to reflect the fact that there is no ready market for shares in a closely-held company like us. Subsequent to our initial public offering, we use the closing market price of our underlying shares on the grant date to determine fair value of our ordinary shares The increase in the fair value of our ordinary shares from US$1.08 per share as of June 14, 2016 to US$1.61 per share as of May 31, 2017, and further to US$1.93 per share as of August 27, 2017, was primarily attributable to continuous organic growth of our business and more certainty over the timing of our initial public offering. The financing not only strengthened our financial status and resources but also indicated an increase in investor’s confidence in our business prospects. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity We conduct substantially all of our business in the PRC through contractual arrangements with Anhui Huami and its subsidiary and Beijing Huami. We believe we have the power to control Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami through a series of contractual arrangements that we have entered into through Shunyuan Kaihua, our WOFE. Those contractual terms enable us to exercise effective control over them, receive substantially all of the economic benefits and have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in Anhui Huami and its subsidiary and Beijing Huami when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. We also believe that the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable PRC law to exercise the option does not represent a financial barrier or disincentive for us to exercise our rights under the exclusive call option agreement. To exercise our rights under the exclusive call option agreement does not require the consent of shareholders of Anhui Huami and its subsidiary or Beijing Huami. Therefore, we believe this gives us the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of our affiliated entities. We believe that our ability to exercise effective control, together with the exclusive consulting and service agreement and the equity pledge agreement, give us the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from our affiliated entities in consideration for the services provided by our subsidiaries in China. Accordingly, as the primary beneficiary of the affiliated entities and in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we consolidate their financial results and assets and liabilities in our combined and consolidated financial statements. As advised by Zhong Lun Law Firm, our PRC counsel, our corporate structure in China complies with all existing PRC laws and regulations. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that as there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, and we cannot assure you that the PRC government would agree that our corporate structure or any of the above contractual arrangements comply with current or future PRC laws or regulations. PRC laws and regulations governing the validity of these contractual arrangements are uncertain and the relevant government authorities may have broad discretion in interpreting these laws and regulations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of Huami Corporation and its subsidiaries pursuant to Item 17 of Part III of this annual report. 69 Table of Contents B. Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table sets forth the movements of our cash flows for the periods presented: Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data: Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of year Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year 2015 RMB 2016 RMB Years Ended December 31, 2017 RMB (in thousands) 2018 RMB US$ (6,767) (4,911) 214,063 202,385 10,226 7,376 219,987 17,266 (99,387) 10,024 (72,097) 5,262 238,336 (38,881) 20,089 219,544 (3,175) 707,605 (324,841) 639,170 1,021,934 60,357 102,917 (47,246) 92,963 148,634 8,779 219,987 153,152 153,152 369,521 369,521 1,451,812 53,744 211,157 As of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were RMB153.2 million, RMB369.5 million and RMB1,451.8 million (US$211.2 million), respectively, out of which RMB98.5 million, RMB66.5 million and RMB513.5 (US$74.7 million) were held in U.S. dollars, and RMB54.6 million, RMB303.0 million and RMB937.7 million (US$136.4 million) were held in Renminbi, as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash primarily consist of cash at banks and on hand. 66.0% of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2018 were held in China, and 63.8% of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were held by our VIEs. We believe the net proceeds we receive from our current cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs for general corporate purposes for at least the next 12 months. We may decide to enhance our liquidity position or increase our cash reserve for future investments through additional capital and finance funding. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. Although we consolidate the results of our VIEs and their subsidiaries, we only have access to the assets or earnings of our VIEs and their subsidiaries through our contractual arrangements with our consolidated variable interest entities and their shareholders. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” For restrictions and limitations on liquidity and capital resources as a result of our corporate structure, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Holding Company Structure.” In utilizing the proceeds we received from our initial public offering and the other cash that we hold offshore, we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, establish new PRC subsidiaries and make capital contributions to these new PRC subsidiaries, make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or acquire offshore entities with business operations in China in offshore transactions. However, most of these uses are subject to PRC regulations and approvals. For example: • • capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts; and loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE or its local branches. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulation on Foreign Exchange.” A majority of our future revenues are likely to continue to be in the form of Renminbi. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, Renminbi may be converted into foreign exchange for current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade-and service-related foreign exchange transactions. 70 Table of Contents Our PRC subsidiaries may convert Renminbi amounts that they generate in their own business activities, including technical consulting and related service fees pursuant to their contracts with the consolidated variable interest entities, as well as dividends they receive from their own subsidiaries, into foreign exchange and pay them to their non-PRC parent companies in the form of dividends. However, current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits after making up previous years’ accumulated losses each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, capital account transactions, which include foreign direct investment and loans, must be approved by and/or registered with SAFE and its local branches. The total amount of loans we can make to our PRC subsidiaries cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE. The statutory limit for the total amount of foreign debts of a foreign-invested company is the difference between the amount of total investment as approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital of such foreign-invested company. As of December 31, 2015, profit appropriation made by our PRC subsidiaries to the reserve fund reached the maximum required amount of 50% of their registered capital. As a result, during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, no additional profit appropriation was required to be made to the reserve fund. Operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was RMB707.6 million (US$102.9 million). The difference between our net income of RMB336.3 million (US$48.9 million) and the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to (i) an adjustment of RMB111.6 million in non-cash items, which primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation and deferred income taxes, and (ii) an increase by RMB259.7 million in working capital. Changes in working capital for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily consisted of an increase by RMB356.3 million in accounts payable, an increase by RMB119.9 million in accrued expense and other current liabilities, an increase by RMB51.3 million in other non-current liability and an increase by RMB32.4 million in income tax payable, partially offset by an increase by RMB234.9 million in inventories, an increase by RMB45.1 million in amount due from related parties, and an increase by RMB26.1 million in accounts receivable. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was RMB238.3 million. The difference between our net income of RMB167.1 million and the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to (i) an adjustment of RMB45.0 million in non-cash items, which primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation and deferred income taxes, and (ii) an increase of RMB21.3 million in working capital. Changes in working capital for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily consisted of an increase of RMB181.6 million in accounts payable, and an increase of RMB45.6 million in accrued expense and other current liabilities partially offset by an increase of amount due from related parties of RMB109.8 million, an increase of inventories of RMB57.6 million, and an increase of prepaid expenses and other current assets of RMB33.0 million. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was RMB17.3 million. The difference between our net income of RMB23.9 million and the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to (i) an adjustment of RMB63.0 million in non-cash items, which primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation, and (ii) an increase of RMB69.7 million in working capital. Changes in working capital for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily consisted of an increase of RMB103.5 million in inventories, and an increase of RMB287.7 million in amount due from related parties partially offset by an increase of accounts payable of RMB272.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had amount due from related parties of RMB476.7 million, RMB578.5 million and RMB656.4 million (US$95.5 million), respectively, among which RMB460.6 million, RMB567.6 million and RMB648.4 million (US$94.3 million) were from Xiaomi and its affiliates, respectively. Xiaomi usually places significant product orders in the fourth quarter of each year relating to major promotional events, and this results in high inventories and account receivables from Xiaomi at the end of each year. All of the amount due from Xiaomi as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 was collected in the first quarter of 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Investing activities Net cash used in investing activities was RMB324.8 million (US$47.2 million) for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to purchase of term deposits of RMB385.0 million, purchase of long term investments of RMB109.9 million, purchase of short term investments of RMB41.3 million and purchase of intangible assets of RMB52.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from the maturity of term deposits of RMB288.8 million. Net cash used in investing activities was RMB38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to purchase of property, plant and equipment of RMB21.5 million and loans provided to others of RMB12.9 million. Net cash used in investing activities was RMB99.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to purchase of property, plant and equipment of RMB10.3 million and purchase of long-term investments of RMB62.9 million. 71 Table of Contents Financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was RMB639.2 million (US$93.0 million), primarily due to the proceeds of RMB657.1 million from the initial public offering of our ADSs. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was RMB20.1 million, which was primarily due to a one-year bank borrowing of RMB30.0 million in 2017, and offset by the RMB10.0 million repayment of bank borrowings in 2016. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily due to a one-year bank borrowing of RMB10.0 million. Capital Expenditures Our capital expenditures are primarily incurred for purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. Our capital expenditures were RMB11.5 million, RMB24.5 million and RMB69.2 million (US$10.1 million) in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. We will continue to make capital expenditures to meet the expected growth of our business. Holding Company Structure Huami Corporation is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through our PRC subsidiaries, our VIEs and their subsidiaries in China. As a result, Huami Corporation’s ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our PRC subsidiaries. If our existing PRC subsidiaries or any newly formed ones incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, each of our subsidiaries and our VIEs in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of its registered capital. In addition, each of our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to enterprise expansion funds and staff bonus and welfare funds at its discretion, and our VIEs may allocate a portion of their after- tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to a discretionary surplus fund at its discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends. Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of China is subject to examination by the banks designated by SAFE. Our PRC subsidiaries have not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until they generate accumulated profits and meet the requirements for statutory reserve funds. The table below sets forth the respective revenues contribution and assets of Huami and our wholly-owned subsidiaries and our VIEs as of the dates and for the periods indicated: Huami and its wholly-owned subsidiaries VIEs Total Note: Revenues(1) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Total assets(1) As of December 31, 2018 2017 2018 0.3% 99.7% 100.0% 0.3% 99.7% 100.0% 0.2% 99.8% 100.0% 10.8% 89.2% 100.0% 26.5% 73.5% 100.0% (1) The percentages exclude the inter-company transactions and balances between our subsidiaries and our VIEs. C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc. See “Item 4. Information On the Company—B. Business Overview—Research and Development” and “—Intellectual Property.” D. Trend Information Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events since January 1, 2018 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions. 72 Table of Contents E. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any unconsolidated third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as shareholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us. F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018: Lease commitments(1)(2) Total Notes: Total Payment due by December 31, 2019 (in thousands of RMB) 16,333 16,333 26,152 26,152 2020 and after 9,819 9,819 (1) Lease commitments consist of the commitments under the lease agreements for our office premises. We lease our office facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates beyond 2019. (2) As of December 31, 2017, we had a minimum capital commitment of RMB423.3 million in connection with the purchase of a building under an agreement between Anhui Huami and Hefei High-Tech Administrative Office. In December 2018, the agreement was terminated. In March 2019, the two parties entered into a five-year lease agreement in connection with the same building. G. Safe Harbor See “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 of this annual report. 73 Table of Contents ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES A. Directors and Senior Management The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report. Directors and Executive Officers Wang Huang Tian Cheng De Liu Yunfen Lu Bin Yue Xiaojun Zhang Jimmy Lai Hongjiang Zhang David Cui Mike Yan Yeung Hui Wang Pengtao Yu Age 43 36 45 53 38 47 62 58 50 48 41 37 Position/Title Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer Director Director Director Director Director Independent Director Independent Director Chief Financial Officer Chief Operating Officer Vice President of Health and Medical Business Group and General Manager of Beijing Operations Chief Industrial Designer Mr. Wang Huang is our founder and has served as the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since our inception. Mr. Huang is a serial entrepreneur with significant experience and expertise in the technology and Internet sectors in China. Mr. Huang founded Anhui Huami in December 2013 to develop, manufacture and sell smart wearable devices. Prior to that, Mr. Huang founded Hefei Huaheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., a company focused on the development of tablets and tablet-based mobile apps and provision of e-magazine network services, and led the team that rolled out China’s first tablet. In 2002, Mr. Huang founded Hefei Huakai Yuanheng Information Technology Co., Ltd., a company focused on the development of embedded Linux software and hardware. In addition, Mr. Huang has served as the director, the executive director or the general manager at several other technology companies in Hefei. Mr. Huang previously was a research and development engineer at Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., a leading global information and communications technology solutions provider, where he played an instrumental role in the development of high-speed switching and routing equipment. Mr. Huang has received many honors in the business world as well. To name a few, he was awarded “Anhui Economic Person of the Year 2015,” “ Leading Talents of Strategic Emerging Industry Technology in Anhui” and “Hefei Youth Entrepreneurship.” Mr. Huang received his bachelor’s degree in applied physics from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1997. Mr. Huang is appointed as a director to our board by HHtech Holdings Limited, Haiyu Holding Limited, Fandler Holding Limited, Forest Mountain Holding Limited, Wenshui Holding Limited and Shu Hill Holdings, which we collectively refer to as the Co-Founder Entities in this annual report. Pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles, the Co-Founders Entities will be entitled to appoint three directors so long as they continue to beneficially own no less than 60% of the shares they beneficially owned as of January 12, 2018. Mr. Tian Cheng has served as our director since April 2015. Since July 2014, Mr. Cheng has served as a partner of Shunwei Capital, a China-based venture capital firm that focuses on investments in internet and technology industries. Prior to that, Mr. Cheng was an associate director of the Investment Group of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited, a sovereign wealth fund of the Government of Singapore, specializing in growth capital, restructuring and divestiture transactions. Mr. Cheng received his bachelor’s degree in business administration and master’s degree in management from Fudan University. Mr. Cheng is appointed as a director to our board by Shunwei High Tech Limited. Pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles, Shunwei High Tech Limited will be entitled to appoint one director so long as it continues to beneficially own no less than 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of our company. Mr. De Liu has served as our director since April 2015. Mr. Liu is one of the co-founders and a senior vice president of Xiaomi, a mobile Internet company, where he is responsible for the organization department and serves as the secretary of the party committee. Mr. Liu is a leading figure in industrial design in China and has received numerous industrial design awards together with his team, including 5 Red Dot Design Awards (Germany), 18 iF Design Awards (Germany) and 10 Red Star Design Awards (Mainland, China). Mr. Liu also holds various positions, including the vice-chairman of China Industrial Design Association and a member of National Manufacturing Strategy Advisory Committee. Mr. Liu has received many honors in the business world as well. To name a few, he was awarded “Zhongguancun Top Talent” in 2015 and “Beijing Top Innovative and Entrepreneurial Leading Talent” in 2016. Mr. Liu received his bachelor’s degree in industrial design and master’s degree in mechanical design and theory from Beijing Institute of Technology in 1996 and 2001, respectively, and his master’s degree in industrial design from the Art Center College of Design in 2010. Mr. Liu is appointed as a director to our board by People Better Limited. Pursuant to the currently effective memorandum and articles of association, People Better Limited will be entitled to appoint one director so long as it continues to beneficially own no less than 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of our company. 74 Table of Contents Ms. Yunfen Lu has served as our director since April 2015. Ms. Lu also serves as the director of Anhui Huami, Beijing Huami and Huami HK Limited. Ms. Lu has a wealth of experience in financial accounting and supply chain management. From April 2009 to December 2013, Ms. Lu served as the financial controller of Hefei Huaheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. From November 2002 to March 2009, Ms. Lu worked at Hefei Huakai Yuanheng Information Technology Co., Ltd, where she was responsible for overseeing financial accounting, procurement, administrative affairs and manufacturing management. Ms. Lu received her secondary vocational degree in accounting from Shanghai Lixin Vocational School of Accounting (now Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance) in 1986. Ms. Lu is appointed as a director to our board by the Co-Founder Entities. Pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles, the Co-Founders Entities will be entitled to appoint three directors so long as they continue to beneficially own no less than 60% of the shares they beneficially owned as of January 12, 2018. Mr. Bin Yue has served as our director since April 2015. Mr. Yue is one of the founding partners of Banyan Capital, a venture capital firm specializing in investing in technology, media and telecommunications sectors. Prior to founding Banyan Capital in February 2014, Mr. Yue was a vice president at IDG Capital Partners from January 2010 to January 2014. Prior to IDG Capital Partners, Mr. Yue worked at China Renaissance, a leading China- based investment bank. Mr. Yue received his bachelor’s and master’s degree in computer science from Peking University. Mr. Xiaojun Zhang has served as our director since April 2015. In addition to this role, Mr. Zhang has also served as vice president of Anhui Huami since January 2014, where he is responsible for overseeing human resources and corporate strategy. Prior to joining us, Mr. Zhang served as the vice president of Hefei Huaheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd from October 2011 to December 2013. From September 2010 to October 2011, Mr. Zhang served as deputy general manager of Anhui Mei Bang Investment Management Co., Ltd. From July 2009 to September 2010, Mr. Zhang served as head of the human resources and administrative affairs department at the Anhui branch of Sunshine Insurance Group Corporation Limited. Prior to that, Mr. Zhang worked at the Immigration Office of Anhui Provincial Public Security Department, where he held multiple positions including clerk, deputy chief officer and chief officer, from July 1994 to July 2009. Mr. Zhang received his bachelor’s degree in Chinese language and literature from Anhui University in 1994. Mr. Zhang is appointed as a director to our board by the Co-Founder Entities. Pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles, the Co-Founders Entities will be entitled to appoint three directors so long as they continue to beneficially own no less than 60% of the shares they beneficially owned as of January 12, 2018. Mr. Jimmy Lai has served as our director since February 2018. Mr. Lai has served as the chief financial officer of China Online Education Group, a NYSE-listed company and an online English language education services provider in China, from June 2015 to December 2018. In addition to his role at China Online Education, Mr. Lai serves as independent director on the board of directors of PPDAI Group Inc., a NYSE-listed company and an online consumer finance provider in China. Prior to joining China Online Education, Mr. Lai served as the chief financial officer of Chukong Technologies Corp., a mobile entertainment platform company in China from 2013 to 2015. Mr. Lai served as the chief financial officer of Gamewave Corporation, a webgame company in China, from 2011 to 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Lai served as the chief financial officer of Daqo New Energy Corp., an NYSE-listed company and a polysilicon manufacturer based in China, from 2009 to 2011. From 2008 to 2009, Mr. Lai served as the chief financial officer of Linktone Ltd., a Nasdaq- listed company and a provider of wireless interactive entertainment services to consumers in China. From 2006 to 2008, Mr. Lai was the chief financial officer of Palm Commerce Holdings, an information technology solution provider for the China lottery industry. Prior to that, he served as an associate vice president of investor relations at Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, a company listed on the NYSE and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, from 2002 to 2006, and as a controller and director of financial planning at AMX Corporation from 1997 to 2001. Mr. Lai received his bachelor’s degree in statistics from the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan and his MBA from the University of Texas at Dallas. Mr. Lai is a certified public accountant licensed in the State of Texas. Dr. Hongjiang Zhang has served as our director since February 2018. Currently, Dr. Zhang is a venture partner at Source Code Capital, a venture capital firm with a focus on early stage start-up in technology sectors. Dr. Zhang also serves as an independent non-executive director of BabyTree Group (01761.HK), Digital China (000034.SZ), and AAC Technologies Holdings Inc. (02018.HK). In addition to his role at Source Code Capital, Dr. Zhang also serves as director at various public companies listed in the United States, including Cheetah Mobile Inc., a NYSE-listed mobile internet company based in China, Xunlei Limited, a Nasdaq-listed cloud-based acceleration technology company in China, and 21Vianet Group, Inc., a Nasdaq-listed provider of carrier- neutral internet data center services in China. Prior to joining Source Code Capital, Dr. Zhang had served as an executive director and the chief executive officer of Kingsoft Corporation Limited, a Chinese software and internet services company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, from October 2011 to December 2016. Dr. Zhang also served as a director and the chief executive officer of Kingsoft Cloud, a subsidiary of Kingsoft Corporation Limited, from January 2012 to December 2016. Prior to joining Kingsoft, Dr. Zhang was the chief technology officer for Microsoft Asia-Pacific Research and Development Group from January 2006 to October 2011, the managing director of the Microsoft Advanced Technology Center from January 2004 to October 2011, and the assistant managing director of Microsoft Research Asia from April 1999 to December 2003. Prior to joining Microsoft, Dr. Zhang was a research manager at Hewlett-Packard Labs at Palo Alto, California from October 1995 to March 1999. Before that, Dr. Zhang was a research staff of the Institute of Systems Science at the National University of Singapore. Dr. Zhang received his bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Zhengzhou University in 1982 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark in 1991. 75 Table of Contents Mr. David Cui has served as our chief financial officer since August 2017. Mr. Cui has also served as an independent non-executive director of Inke Limited, a leading Chinese mobile live streaming company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, since June 23, 2018. Mr. Cui has extensive experience in public accounting and financial management. From August 2015 to April 2017, Mr. Cui is the chief financial officer of China Digital Video Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Prior to that, Mr. Cui was an independent financial advisor to high growth companies on business strategies, fund raising, corporate governance and accounting matters. From April 2011 to August 2013, Mr. Cui was the chief financial officer in iKang Healthcare Group, Inc., a company listed on the Nasdaq. He was an audit senior manager of Deloitte Touche Tohmutsu, China from April 2007 to April 2011. Prior to that, Mr. Cui was the financial reporting manager of Symantec Corporation. From April 2004 to August 2006, he served as an audit manager of Ernst & Young, California. Mr. Cui was a senior auditor in the Audit and Advisory Services practice of Health Net, Inc., California from May 2001 to April 2004. From January 1996 to May 2001, Mr. Cui worked in public accounting in Canada and the United States. Mr. Cui has a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Simon Fraser University, Canada and is a licensed CPA in the United States and Canada. Mr. Mike Yan Yeung has served as our chief operating officer since January 2015. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yeung served as a vice president of Shunwei Capital, a China-based venture capital firm, where he was a key member of an investment team with a focus on mobile Internet applications, smart home technologies, smart wearables, IoT and online health care, and served as a board member of several portfolio companies. From 2012 to 2014, Mr. Yeung served as the principal group program manager of Microsoft, where he was responsible for managing the software development of Microsoft’s key digital advertising products and defining and implementing the Microsoft online ads platform strategy in China. Prior to that, Mr. Yeung held several positions in Monster.com, TGC Inc., China.com Corp., Netscape Communications Corporation and Oracle Corporation from 1992 to 2012. Mr. Yeung received his bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1992 and Stanford University in 1994, respectively. Dr. Hui Wang has served as our vice president of health & medical business group and general manager of Beijing operations since August 2014. Prior to joining us, Mr. Wang worked at Lenovo Group Ltd. from 2007 to 2014, first as a researcher and later as its chief product director. Prior to joining Lenovo, Mr. Wang worked at NEC Labs China from 2005 to 2007. Mr. Wang received his bachelor’s degree in electronic and information engineering and Ph.D. in communication and information system from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2000 and 2005, respectively. Mr. Pengtao Yu has served as our chief industrial designer since October 2014. Prior to joining us, Mr. Yu worked at Moov Inc., a smart wearable device start-up company, as an industrial design consultant from June to October 2014 and played an instrumental role in designing and developing Moov’s fitness tracker. Prior to that, Mr. Yu was an industrial designer at Bould Design from October 2012 to June 2014, where his responsibilities included developing and designing consumer electronic products, such as thermostat and smoke alarm, for various Silicon Valley companies. From February 2012 to August 2012, Mr. Yu was an industrial design consultant of Harman International, where he worked closely with the marketing team in developing a new generation of earphones. Mr. Yu has received many awards in recognition of his industrial design accomplishments. He is a four-time Bronze winner of the International Design Excellence Award, and a three-time winner of the iF Design Award (Germany). He also received the Red Dot Design Award (Germany) in 2011 and 2016. Mr. Yu received his bachelor’s degree in engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology in 2003, and his bachelor’s degree in product design and master’s degree in industrial design from the Art Center College of Design in 2008 and 2011, respectively. Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for a specified time period. We may terminate employment for cause, at any time, without advance notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude, negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. We may also terminate an executive officer’s employment without cause upon three-month advance written notice. In such case of termination by us, we will provide severance payments to the executive officer as expressly required by applicable law of the jurisdiction where the executive officer is based. The executive officer may resign at any time with a three-month advance written notice. Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his or her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment or pursuant to applicable law, any of our confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our clients or prospective clients, or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations. The executive officers have also agreed to disclose in confidence to us all inventions, designs and trade secrets which they conceive, develop or reduce to practice during the executive officer’s employment with us and to assign all right, title and interest in them to us, and assist us in obtaining and enforcing patents, copyrights and other legal rights for these inventions, designs and trade secrets. 76 Table of Contents In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his or her employment and typically for one year following the last date of employment. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to (i) approach our suppliers, clients, customers or contacts or other persons or entities introduced to the executive officer in his or her capacity as a representative of us for the purpose of doing business with such persons or entities that will harm our business relationships with these persons or entities; or (ii) seek directly or indirectly, to solicit the services of any of our employees who is employed by us on or after the date of the executive officer’s termination, or in the year preceding such termination, without our express consent. We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company. B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we paid an aggregate of approximately RMB8.1 million (US$1.2 million) in cash to our executive officers and RMB2.3 million (US$0.3 million) to our non-executive directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers. Our PRC subsidiaries and VIEs are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund. 2015 Share Incentive Plan In October 2015, our shareholders and board of directors approved the 2015 Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2015 Plan in this annual report, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. The 2015 Plan consists of a share incentive plan for U.S. service providers and a share incentive plan for PRC service providers. The maximum aggregate number of Class A ordinary shares that may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2015 Plan is 14,328,358 Class A ordinary shares. As of March 31, 2019, awards to purchase 13,808,028 Class A ordinary shares have been granted and are outstanding under the 2015 Plan, excluding awards that were forfeited or cancelled after the relevant grant dates. The following paragraphs describe the principal terms of the 2015 Plan. Types of Awards. The 2015 Plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares and restricted share units. Plan Administration. Our board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board of directors will administer the 2015 Plan. The committee or the full board of directors, as applicable, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the terms and conditions of each award grant. Award Agreement. Awards granted under the 2015 Plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantee’s employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award. Eligibility. We may grant awards to our employees, consultants and directors. Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement. Exercise of Options. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the relevant award agreement. Options that are vested and exercisable will terminate if they are not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of grant. However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of grant. Transfer Restrictions. Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the participant other than in accordance with the exceptions provided in the 2015 Plan or the relevant award agreement or otherwise determined by the plan administrator, such as transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Termination and Amendment of the 2015 Plan. Unless terminated earlier, the 2015 Plan has a term of ten years. With the approval of our board of directors, the plan administrator has the authority to terminate, amend or modify the 2015 Plan, provided that shareholder approval is obtained in certain circumstances set forth in the relevant award agreement. However, without the prior written consent of the participant, no such action may adversely affect in any material way any award previously granted pursuant to the 2015 Plan. 77 Table of Contents 2018 Share Incentive Plan In January 2018, our shareholders and board of directors adopted the 2018 Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2018 Plan in this annual report, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business. The maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued initially pursuant to all awards under the 2018 Plan is 9,559,607 ordinary shares. The number of shares reserved for future issuances under the 2018 Plan will be increased by (i) a number equal to 1.0% of the total number of outstanding shares immediately after our initial public offering, or (ii) such number of shares as may be determined by our board of directors, on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the 2018 Plan beginning in 2018. The number of Class A ordinary shares available for future issuance upon the exercise of future grants under the 2018 Share Incentive Plan was 2,060,582 as of January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, awards to purchase 7,160,025 Class A ordinary shares under the 2018 Plan have been granted and outstanding, excluding awards that were forfeited or cancelled after the relevant grant dates. The following paragraphs describe the principal terms of the 2018 Plan. Types of Awards. The 2018 Plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares, restricted share units, or any other type of awards that the committee decides. Plan Administration. Our board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board of directors will administer the 2018 Plan. The committee or the full board of directors, as applicable, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the terms and conditions of each award grant. Award Agreement. Awards granted under the 2018 Plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth terms, conditions and limitations for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event of the grantee’s employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award. Eligibility. We may grant awards to our employees, directors and consultants of our company. However, we may grant options that are intended to qualify as incentive share options only to our employees and employees of our parent companies and subsidiaries. Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement. Exercise of Options. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the award agreement. The vested portion of option will expire if not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of its grant. However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of a grant. Transfer Restrictions. Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the recipient other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, except as otherwise provided by the plan administrator. Termination and Amendment of the 2018 Plan. Unless terminated earlier, the 2018 Plan has a term of seven years. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the plan. However, no such action may adversely affect in any material way any awards previously granted unless agreed by the recipient. The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2019, the awards granted under our 2015 Plan and 2018 Plan to several of our executive officers, excluding awards that were forfeited or cancelled after the relevant grant dates: Name David Cui Mike Yan Yeung Hui Wang Pengtao Yu Total Notes: Ordinary Shares Underlying Options and Restricted Shares * *(1) * *(1) *(1) 4,798,468 Exercise Price (US$/Share) — — 0.79 — — Date of Grant Date of Expiration July 31, 2017 October 21, 2015 October 21, 2015 October 21, 2015 October 21, 2015 July 30, 2027 — February 1, 2019 October 20, 2025 — * Less than one percent of our total outstanding shares. 78 Table of Contents (1) Restricted shares As of March 31, 2019, other employees as a group held outstanding options to purchase 13,343,230 Class A ordinary shares of our company, at a weighted average exercise price of US$0.23 per share, 3,489,417 restricted shares, and 2,794,081 restricted share units. C. Board Practices Our board of directors consists of eight directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement in which he is materially interested provided (a) such director, if his interest in such contract or arrangement is material, has declared the nature of his interest at the earliest meeting of the board at which it is practicable for him to do so, either specifically or by way of a general notice, (b) such director has not been disqualified by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, and (c) if such contract or arrangement is a transaction with a related party, such transaction has been approved by the audit committee in accordance with the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. The directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of the company or of any third party. None of our non-executive directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits upon termination of service. Committees of the Board of Directors We have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described below. Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang. Mr. Lai is the chairman of our audit committee. We have determined that Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang satisfy the “independence” requirements of Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Mr. Lai qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • • • appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors; reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures; reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions; meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Mr. Wang Huang, Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang. Dr. Zhang is the chairman of our compensation committee. We have determined that Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang satisfy the “independence” requirements of Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange. The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things: • • reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers; reviewing and recommending to the board for determination with respect to the compensation of our non-employee directors; 79 Table of Contents • • reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management. Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Mr. Wang Huang, Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang. Mr. Huang is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. Mr. Jimmy Lai and Dr. Hongjiang Zhang satisfy the “independence” requirements of Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the New York Stock Exchange. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the board; reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience and diversity; making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board; and advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken. Duties of Directors Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our Memorandum and Articles, as amended and restated from time to time, and the class rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. In certain limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached. Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others: • • • • • convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; declaring dividends and distributions; appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers; exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such shares in our share register. Terms of Directors and Officers Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Our directors are not subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by ordinary resolution of the shareholders or by the board. A director will be removed from office automatically if, among other things, the director (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; or (ii) is found by our company to be or becomes of unsound mind. 80 Table of Contents D. Employees We had 376, 416 and 694 employees as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The following table sets forth the numbers of our employees categorized by function as of December 31, 2018: Function: Research and development Selling and marketing Administrative Supply chain management Total As of December 31, 2018 428 99 89 78 694 As of December 31, 2018, we had 299 employees in Hefei, 200 employees in Beijing, 167 employees in Shenzhen, 14 employees in Xi’an, 4 employees in Shanghai, 7 employees in Silicon Valley and 3 employees in San Diego. We believe we offer our employees competitive compensation packages and a merit-based work environment that encourages initiative, and as a result, we have generally been able to attract and retain qualified personnel and maintain a stable core management team. As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. We have not made adequate employee benefit payments. We may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines but have made adequate provisions. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our failure to fully comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose us to potential penalties.” We enter into standard labor agreements with our employees and, in addition, enter into confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our key employees. The non-compete restricted period typically expires two years after the termination of employment, and we agree to compensate the employee with a certain percentage of his or her pre-departure salary during the restricted period. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes. E. Share Ownership The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of March 31, 2019 by: • • each of our directors and executive officers; and each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our total outstanding shares. The calculations in the table below are based on 57,358,793 Class A ordinary shares and 184,376,679 Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019, excluding Class A ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding share options and Class A ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Plan and 2018 Plan. 81 Table of Contents Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person. Directors and Executive Officers:** Wang Huang(1) Tian Cheng De Liu Yunfen Lu(2) Bin Yue Xiaojun Zhang(3) Jimmy Lai(4) Hongjiang Zhang(5) David Cui(6) Mike Yan Yeung(7) Hui Wang(8) Pengtao Yu(9) All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group Principal Shareholders: HHtech Holdings Limited(10) Wells Fargo & Company(11) Shunwei High Tech Limited(12) People Better Limited(13) Banyan Capital Holdings Co., Ltd.(14) Notes: Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Class A ordinary shares Class B ordinary shares Total ordinary shares — — — — — — * * * * * * 3,384,840 87,134,327 — — 3,450,746 — 2,107,463 — — — — — — 87,134,327 87,134,327 — — 3,450,746 — 2,107,463 * * * * * * 90,519,167 — 51,488,368 — — — 87,134,327 — 37,981,760 35,861,112 18,719,582 87,134,327 51,488,368 37,981,760 35,861,112 18,719,582 Percentage of total ordinary shares Percentage of aggregate voting power† 36.0% — — 1.4% — * * * * * * * 37.0% 36.0% 21.3% 15.7% 14.8% 7.7% 45.8% — — 1.8% — 1.1% * * * * * * 45.9% 45.8% 2.7% 20.0% 18.9% 9.8% † * ** For each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our Class A and Class B ordinary shares as a single class. Each holder of Class A ordinary shares is entitled to one vote per share and each holder of our Class B ordinary shares is entitled to ten votes per share on all matters submitted to them for a vote. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. Our Class B ordinary shares are convertible at any time by the holder thereof into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for- one basis. Less than 1% of our total outstanding ordinary shares and aggregate voting power. Each of Mr. Wang Huang, Yunfen Lu, Xiaojun Zhang, David Cui, Mike Yan Yeung and Hui Wang’s business address is Building H8, No. 2800, Chuangxin Road, Hefei, 230088, People’s Republic of China. Pengtao Yu’s business address is 2485 Old Middlefield Way, Suite 30, Mountain View, CA 94043. Mr. Tian Cheng’s business address is Room 801, Building D1, Liangmaqiao DRC Office Building, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100600, People’s Republic of China. Mr. De Liu’s business address is Keliyuan Building, No.72 Anningzhuang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People’s Republic of China. Mr. Jimmy Lai’s business address is 4521 Turnberry Ct, Plano, Texas, 75024, USA. Dr. Hongjiang Zhang’s business address is 1258 Yosemite, Houshayu, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101302, People’s Republic of China. (1) Represents 71,223,880 Class B ordinary shares held by HHtech Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, and 15,910,447 Class B ordinary shares beneficially owned by HHtech Holdings Limited as the result of the voting agreement dated January 12, 2018 by and among. HHtech Holdings Limited, Fandler Holding Limited, Forest Mountain Holding Limited, Haiyu Holding Limited, Shu Hill Holding Limited and Wenshui Holding Limited. HHtech Holdings Limited is wholly owned by Wayne Holding Limited, which in turn is wholly owned by a trust established for the benefit of Mr. Wang Huang and his family members. Mr. Huang is the sole director of HHtech Holdings Limited, and also the settlor and investment decision maker of the abovementioned trust. Therefore, Mr. Huang is entitled to exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HHtech Holdings Limited. The registered address of HHtech Holdings Limited is the office of NovaSage Chambers, P.O. Box 4389, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. (2) Represents 3,450,746 Class B ordinary shares held by Haiyu Holding Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Haiyu Holding Limited is wholly owned by Hong An Holding Limited, which in turn is wholly owned by a trust established for the benefit of Ms. Yufen Lu and her family members. Ms. Lu is the sole director of Haiyu Holding Limited, and also the settlor and investment decision maker of the abovementioned trust. Therefore, Ms. Lu is entitled to exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares held by Haiyu Holding Limited. The registered address of Haiyu Holding Limited is the office of NovaSage Chambers, P.O. Box 4389, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. 82 Table of Contents (3) Represents 2,107,463 Class B ordinary shares held by Shu Hill Holding Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. Shu Hill Holding Limited is wholly owned by Sunflower International Limited, which in turn is wholly owned by a trust established for the benefit of Mr. Xiaojun Zhang and his family members. Mr. Zhang is the sole director of Shu Hill Holding Limited, and also the settlor and investment decision maker of the abovementioned trust. Therefore, Mr. Zhang is entitled to exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares held by Shu Hill Holding Limited. The registered address of Shu Hill Holding Limited is the office of NovaSage Chambers, P.O. Box 4389, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. (4) Represents the restricted share units held by Mr. Jimmy Lai. (5) Represents the restricted share units held by Mr. Hongjiang Zhang. (6) Represents the Class A ordinary shares Mr. David Cui has the right to acquire upon exercise of option within 60 days after the date of this annual report. (7) Represents the restricted shares held by Mr. Mike Yan Yeung and the ordinary shares Mr. Mike Yan Yeung has the right to acquire upon exercise of option within 60 days after the date of this annual report. (8) Represents the Class A ordinary shares Mr. Hui Wang has the right to acquire upon exercise of option within 60 days after the date of this annual report. (9) Represents the restricted shares held by Mr. Pengtao Yu. (10) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G filed on February 1, 2019 jointly by (i) HHtech Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, (ii) Wayne Holding Limited, a Samoa company and (iii) Mr. Wang Huang, pursuant to which 71,223,880 Class B ordinary shares are held by HHtech Holdings Limited, and 15,910,447 Class B ordinary shares are beneficially owned by HHtech Holdings Limited as the result of the voting agreement dated January 12, 2018 by and among HHtech Holdings Limited, Fandler Holding Limited, Forest Mountain Holding Limited, Haiyu Holding Limited, Shu Hill Holding Limited and Wenshui Holding Limited. HHtech Holdings Limited is wholly-owned by Wayne Holding Limited, which in turn is wholly-owned by a trust established for the benefit of Mr. Wang Huang and his family members. Mr. Huang is the sole director of HHtech Holdings Limited, and also the settlor and investment decision maker of the abovementioned trust. Therefore, Mr. Huang is entitled to exercise voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HHtech Holdings Limited. The registered address of HHtech Holdings Limited is the office of NovaSage Chambers, P.O. Box 4389, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. (11) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G filed on January 22, 2019 by Wells Fargo & Company, a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which 12,872,092 ADSs representing 51,488,368 Class A ordinary shares are held by Wells Fargo & Company, a Delaware corporation, on its own behalf and on behalf its subsidiaries Wells Capital Management Incorporated and Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC. (12) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G filed on February 1, 2019 jointly by (i) Shunwei High Tech Limited, (ii) Shunwei China Internet Fund II, L.P., (iii) Shunwei Capital Partners II GP, L.P. and (iv) Mr. Koh Tuck Lye, pursuant to which 37,981,760 Class B ordinary shares are held by Shunwei High Tech Limited, a British Virgin Islands company. The registered address of Shunwei High Tech Limited is Vistra Corporate Services Center, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG 1110, British Virgin Islands. Shunwei High Tech Limited is wholly owned by Shunwei China Internet Fund II, L.P. The general partner of Shunwei China Internet Fund II, L.P. is Shunwei Capital Partners II GP, L.P., and the general partner of Shunwei Capital Partners II GP, L.P. is Shunwei Capital Partners II GP Limited. The shareholders of Shunwei Capital Partners II GP Limited are Team Guide Limited, a British Virgin Islands company which is wholly- owned by Mr. Lei Jun, and Gifted Ventures Limited, another British Virgin Islands company which is wholly-owned by Mr. Koh Tuck Lye. (13) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G filed on February 1, 2019 jointly by (i) People Better Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, (ii) Fast Pace Limited, a British Virgin Island company and (iii) Xiaomi, pursuant to which 35,861,112 Class B ordinary shares are held by People Better Limited. The registered address of People Better Limited is the office of NovaSage Chambers, P.O. Box 4389, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. People Better Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fast Pace Limited, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xiaomi. (14) Represents the 18,719,582 Class B ordinary shares held by Banyan Capital Holdings Co., Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company. The registered address of Banyan Capital Holdings Co., Ltd. is the office of OMC Chambers, Wickhams Cay 1, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Banyan Capital Holdings Co., Ltd. is controlled by Banyan Partners Fund I, L.P. The general partner of Banyan Partners Fund I, L.P. is Banyan Partners Ltd. The shareholders of Banyan Partners Ltd. are Zhen Zhang, Bin Yue and Xiang Gao. To our knowledge, as of March 31, 2019, 56,505,093 of our Class A ordinary shares were held by one record holder in the United States, which was Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the depositary of our ADS program. The number of beneficial owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than the number of record holders of our ordinary shares in the United States. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company. ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS A. Major Shareholders Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.” B. Related Party Transactions Contractual Arrangements with our Variable Interest Entity and its Shareholders See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” Shareholders Agreement We entered into our shareholders agreement on April 29, 2015 with our shareholders, which consist of holders of ordinary shares and preferred shares. The shareholders agreement provides for certain special rights, including right of first refusal, co-sale rights, preemptive rights and contains provisions governing the board of directors and other corporate governance matters. Those special rights, as well as the corporate governance provisions, automatically terminated upon the completion of our initial public offering. We have also granted certain registration rights to our shareholders. Set forth below is a description of the registration rights granted under the shareholders agreement. 83 Table of Contents Demand Registration Rights. At any time after the earlier of (i) April 29, 2020 or (ii) one year following the taking effect of a registration statement for a qualified initial public offering, holders of at least 50% of the registrable securities (including preferred shares and ordinary shares issued on conversion of preferred shares) then outstanding have the right to demand that we file a registration statement covering at least 20% (or any lesser percentage if the anticipated gross proceeds to us from such proposed offering would exceed US$5 million) of the registrable securities. We have the right to defer filing of a registration statement for a period of not more than 90 days after the receipt of the request of the initiating holders if we furnish to the holders requesting registration a certificate signed by our president or chief executive officer stating that in the good faith judgment of our board of directors, it would be materially detrimental to us and our shareholders for such registration statement to be filed at such time. However, we cannot exercise the deferral right more than once in any twelve-month period. We are obligated to effect no more than two demand registrations, other than demand registration to be effected pursuant to registration statement on Form F-3, for which an unlimited number of demand registrations shall be permitted. Piggyback Registration Rights. If we propose to file a registration statement for a public offering of our securities, we must offer our shareholders an opportunity to include in the registration all or any part of the registrable securities held by such holders. If the managing underwriters of any underwritten offering determine in good faith that marketing factors require a limitation of the number of shares to be underwritten, and the number of shares that may be included in the registration and the underwriting shall be allocated first to us, second to each of the holders requesting for the inclusion of their registrable securities on a pro rata basis, and third to holders of other securities of us. Form F-3 Registration Rights. Our shareholders may request us in writing to file an unlimited number of registration statements on Form F-3. We shall effect the registration of the securities on Form F-3 as soon as practicable, except in certain circumstances. Expenses of Registration. We will bear all registration expenses, other than underwriting discounts and selling commissions, and fees for special counsel of the holders participating in such registration, incurred in connection with any demand, piggyback or Form F-3 registration. Termination of Registration Rights. Our shareholders’ registration rights will terminate (i) on the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering, and (ii) with respect to any shareholder, when the registrable securities proposed to be sold by such shareholder may then be sold without registration in any 90- day period pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management — Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.” Share Incentive Plan See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers—2015 Share Incentive Plan” and “2018 Share Incentive Plan.” Our Relationship with Xiaomi As of March 31, 2019, Xiaomi held 14.8% of our total outstanding shares, and has appointed one director to our board pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement among all our shareholders and us. We have been the sole partner of Xiaomi to design and manufacture Xiaomi Wearable Products. In October 2017, we entered into a business cooperation agreement and a strategic cooperation agreement with Xiaomi, which grants us the most-preferred-partner status globally to develop future Xiaomi Wearable Products. Strategic Cooperation Agreement Under our strategic cooperation agreement with a subsidiary of Xiaomi, (i) we are Xiaomi’s most preferred partner for Xiaomi-branded smart bands, smart watches (excluding children watches and quartz watches) and smart scales products, and (ii) if any other smart band, smart watch or smart scale is sold on any sales platform or channel operated by Xiaomi (including its official website, Mi.com, offline retail stores and online mobile apps), Xiaomi is required to provide better or equally prominent displays for our products. This strategic cooperation agreement will expire in October 2020, and can be terminated earlier by Xiaomi if (i) we fail to deliver products to the market within the period mutually agreed by Xiaomi and us, or if the products do not meet Xiaomi’s requirements (ii) return rates of our products are 2% or higher for more than three consecutive months, or a material quality issue causes a massive product recall, and (iii) sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products decrease by 20% or more year-over-year for any year, or fail to increase by at least 20% year-over-year for two consecutive years. 84 Table of Contents Business Cooperation Agreement We have entered into a business cooperation agreement with a subsidiary of Xiaomi for the sale of Xiaomi Wearable Products, including Mi Band series and Mi Smart Scale series. The business cooperation agreement is set to expire on the date that is the later of the third anniversary of the business cooperation agreement and the date on which the parties complete the third Xiaomi Wearable Products, and automatically extends for successive two- year periods unless otherwise terminated with 60 days’ written notice prior to the expiration of the then current term. Pursuant to this agreement we and Xiaomi agree that (i) Xiaomi is the exclusive distributor for Xiaomi Wearable Products, (ii) Xiaomi will purchase Xiaomi Wearable Products at a price that covers for all of our costs and expenses (including costs of raw materials, manufacturer markup, costs for specialized tooling and equipment purchased by our contract manufacturers and logistics expenses) in connection with the manufacturing and shipment of Xiaomi Wearable Products, (iii) Xiaomi and we will share all profits, normally on a 50:50 basis, derived from sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products, and (iv) we and Xiaomi shall jointly set the retail price of Xiaomi Wearable Products. With respect to intellectual properties, we and Xiaomi will have joint ownership over all patents generated from the process of design, development, manufacturing and sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products as well as intellectual properties relating to certain industrial design of Xiaomi Wearable Products. We by ourselves own all other intellectual properties generated from the design, development, manufacturing and sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products. On user data, we and Xiaomi agree that both parties have access to and can collect and utilize user data of Xiaomi Wearable Products. In addition, unless our users instruct us or Xiaomi to disclose or transfer our data in a particular way, we need to obtain consent from Xiaomi if we want to disclose or license third parties to use user data of Xiaomi Wearable Products, and after user data of Xiaomi Wearable Products reaches certain volume threshold, Xiaomi will also need to obtain consent from us before it discloses or licenses other parties to the same user data. Transactions with Xiaomi In the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded RMB2,816.7 million (US$409.7 million) in revenues from Xiaomi and its affiliates primarily for the sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products and self-branded products and others. As of December 31, 2018, the amount due from Xiaomi and its affiliates was RMB648.4 million (US$94.3 million). In addition, as part of our investment strategy, we lent to Xi’an Haidao Information Technology Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Xiaomi and one of our investee companies. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding loan amount to such company was nil. In the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded RMB1,777.9 million in revenues from Xiaomi and its affiliates primarily for the sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products and self-branded products services. As of December 31, 2017, the amount due from Xiaomi and its affiliates was RMB567.6 million. In addition, as part of our investment strategy, we lent to Xi’an Haidao Information Technology Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Xiaomi and one of our investee companies. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding loan amount to such company was RMB2.5 million. In the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded RMB1,449.7 million in revenues from Xiaomi and its affiliates primarily for the sales of Xiaomi Wearable Products. As of December 31, 2016, the amount due from Xiaomi and its affiliates was RMB460.6 million. In addition, as part of our investment strategy, we lent to Xi’an Haidao Information Technology Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Xiaomi and one of our investee companies. As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding loan amount to such company was RMB2.5 million. Other Transactions with Related Parties We have invested in a number of companies as a strategy to expand our business partner network, and we extended loans to our investee companies from time to time to support their operations. We have provided loans to Hefei LianRui Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., or Hefei LianRui, Hangzhou Aqi Vision Technology Co., Ltd., or Hangzhou Aqi, Xi’an Haidao information Technology Co., Ltd., or Xi’an Haidao, Hefei Huaying Xingzhi Fund Partnership, or Hefei Huaying, and Hangzhou Yunyou Technology Co. Ltd., or Hangzhou Yunyou. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding balance on the loans we extended to Hefei LianRui and Hangzhou Yunyou were RMB2.6 million RMB5.1 million, respectively. In addition, in 2018, we had written off all the outstanding balance the loans made to Hangzhou Aqi and Xi’an Haidao. Also, we converted a RMB8.0 million loan provided to Hefei LianRui to its equity interests in July 2017. We disposed five long-term investments to Hefei Huaying for an aggregate consideration of RMB22.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. In 2018, we disposed of a long-term investment in Hefei Huaying and recorded a gain of RMB31 thousand. Hefei Huaheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., a company controlled by Mr. Wang Huang, our chairman and chief executive officer, acts as our distributor of self-branded products. We recorded sales revenue of RMB256 thousands, RMB730 thousands and RMB308 thousands (US$44.8 thousands) from it for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the amount due from this entity was RMB42 thousands, nil and RMB308 thousands (US$44.8 thousands), respectively. Shunwei Hitech Limited, or Shunwei, used a PRC company affiliate to make an initial investment in Anhui Huami in 2014, and it was replaced by an investment in us in 2015 after we incorporated Huami Corporation as our offshore holding entity. As we have not returned the original investment to such PRC affiliate of Shunwei, we recorded US$1.2 million as amount due to Shunwei for capital return, which had been settled in December 2017. 85 Table of Contents C. Interests of Experts and Counsel Not applicable. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report. Legal Proceedings We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention. Dividend Policy Our board of directors has discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We may rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in China for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulation on Dividend Distributions.” If we pay any dividends on our Class A ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class A ordinary shares underlying our ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such Class A ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to our ADS holders in proportion to Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars. B. Significant Changes We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING A. Offering and Listing Details Our ADSs, each representing four Class A ordinary shares of ours, have been listed on the NYSE since February 8, 2018. Our ADSs trade under the symbol “HMI.” B. Plan of Distribution Not applicable. 86 Table of Contents C. Markets Our ADSs, each representing four Class A ordinary shares of ours, have been listed on the NYSE since February 8, 2018 under the symbol “HMI.” D. Selling Shareholders Not applicable. E. Dilution Not applicable. F. Expenses of the Issue Not applicable. ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION A. Share Capital Not applicable. B. Memorandum and Articles of Association The following are summaries of material provisions of our Memorandum and Articles and of the Companies Law (2018 Revision), insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. Objects of Our Company. Under our Memorandum and Articles, the objects of our company are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the law of the Cayman Islands. Ordinary Shares. Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares will have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of shareholders. We may not issue shares to bearer. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares. Conversion. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale of Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any person or entity, such Class B ordinary shares will be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A ordinary shares. Dividends. The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Our Memorandum and Articles provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which our board of directors determine is no longer needed. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Law. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Voting Rights. On a show of hands, each shareholder is entitled to one vote, or on a poll, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each Class A ordinary share and ten votes for each Class B ordinary share, voting together as a single class, on all matters that require a shareholder’s vote. Voting at any shareholders’ meeting is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or any shareholder which is present in person or by proxy at the meeting. An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the outstanding ordinary shares at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our Memorandum and Articles. Holders of the ordinary shares may, among other things, divide or combine their shares by ordinary resolution. 87 Table of Contents General Meetings of Shareholders. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our Memorandum and Articles provide that we may (but are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors. Shareholders’ general meetings may be convened by the chairman of our board of directors or a majority of our board of directors. Advance notice of at least ten (10) calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting (if any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of at least one shareholder present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third of all votes attaching to all of our shares in issue and entitled to vote. The Companies Law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Memorandum and Articles provide that upon the requisition of shareholders representing in aggregate not less than one-third of the votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our board will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our Memorandum and Articles do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions set out below and the provisions above in respect of the transfer of Class B ordinary shares, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless: • • • • • the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares; the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; and in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four. a fee of such maximum sum as the New York Stock Exchange may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof. If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the New York Stock Exchange, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year as our board may determine. Liquidation. On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture. 88 Table of Contents Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our Company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Law, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our Company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Law no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration. Variations of Rights of Shares. If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes or series of shares, the rights attached to any class or series of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class or series), whether or not our company is being wound-up, may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or series or with the sanction of a special resolution passed by two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of the class or series. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares. Issuance of Additional Shares. Our Memorandum and Articles authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. Our Memorandum and Articles also authorize our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preference shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preference shares, the terms and rights of that series, including: • • • • the designation of the series; the number of shares of the series; the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. Our board of directors may issue preference shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares. Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.” Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that: • • authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Memorandum and Articles for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company. Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Law. The Companies Law distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company: • • • • does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; is not required to open its register of members for inspection; does not have to hold an annual general meeting; may issue negotiable or bearer shares or shares with no par value; 89 Table of Contents • • • • may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; may register as a limited duration company; and may register as a segregated portfolio company. “Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil). C. Material Contracts We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions,” in this “Item 10. Additional Information— C. Material Contracts” or elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F. D. Exchange Controls See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulation—Regulations Relating to Foreign Exchange.” E. Taxation The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China and the United States. Cayman Islands Taxation The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands. Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our ordinary shares or ADSs, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our ordinary shares or ADSs be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax. No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a share. People’s Republic of China Taxation Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC. 90 Table of Contents We believe that Huami Corporation is not a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. Huami Corporation is not controlled by a PRC enterprise or PRC enterprise group and we do not believe that Huami Corporation meets all of the conditions above. Huami Corporation is a company incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets are located, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its shareholders) are maintained, outside the PRC. For the same reasons, we believe our other entities outside of China are not PRC resident enterprises either. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us. If the PRC tax authorities determine that Huami Corporation is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including our ADS holders) may be subject to a 10% PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear whether our non-PRC individual shareholders (including our ADS holders) would be subject to any PRC tax on dividends or gains obtained by such non-PRC individual shareholders in the event we are determined to be a PRC resident enterprise. If any PRC tax were to apply to such dividends or gains, it would generally apply at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is also unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of Huami Corporation would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that Huami Corporation is treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Pursuant to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, if a non-resident enterprise has not set up an organization or establishment in China, or has set up an organization or establishment but the income derived has no actual connection with such organization or establishment, it will be subject to a withholding tax on its PRC- sourced income at a rate of 10%. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, the tax rate in respect to dividends paid by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise is reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or SAT Circular 81, if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. Accordingly, our subsidiary Huami HK Limited may be able to enjoy the 5% tax rate for the dividends it receives from its PRC incorporated subsidiaries if they satisfy the conditions prescribed under SAT Circular 81 and other relevant tax rules and regulations and obtain the approvals as required. However, according to SAT Circular 81, if the relevant tax authorities determine our transactions or arrangements are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable tax rate on dividends in the future. Provided that our Cayman Islands holding company, Huami Corporation, is not deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our ADSs and ordinary shares who are not PRC residents will not be subject to PRC income tax on dividends distributed by us or gains realized from the sale or other disposition of our shares or ADSs. SAT Public Notice 7 further clarifies that, if a non-resident enterprise derives income by acquiring and selling shares in an offshore listed enterprise in the public market, such income will not be subject to PRC tax. However, there is uncertainty as to the application of SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7, we and our non-PRC resident investors may be at risk of being required to file a return and being taxed under SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7 and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7 or to establish that we should not be taxed under SAT Public Notice 37 and SAT Public Notice 7. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non- PRC holding companies.” United States Federal Income Tax Considerations The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that acquires our ADSs and holds our ADSs as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based upon existing U.S. federal tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No ruling has been sought from the Internal Revenue Service, the IRS, with respect to any U.S. federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, Medicare, and alternative minimum tax considerations, or any state, local and non- U.S. tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such as: • • • • banks and other financial institutions; insurance companies; pension plans; cooperatives; 91 Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts; broker-dealers; traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting; certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents; tax-exempt entities (including private foundations); persons liable for alternative minimum tax; holders who acquire their ADSs or Class A ordinary shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; investors that will hold their ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes; investors required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement; investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar; persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock by vote or value; or partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons holding common stock through such entities. All of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those discussed below. Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S. federal taxation to its particular circumstances, and the state, local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares. General purposes: For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax • • • • a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under the Code. an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the law of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia; an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding our ADSs or ordinary shares and their partners are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares. 92 Table of Contents For U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is generally expected that a U.S. Holder of ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the ADSs. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of our ADSs will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of ordinary shares for ADSs will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations A non-U.S. corporation, such as our company, will be classified as a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are categorized as a passive asset and the company’s goodwill and other unbooked intangibles are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock. Although the law in this regard is not entirely clear, we treat our consolidated VIEs as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes because we control their management decisions and are entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits associated with these entities. As a result, we consolidate their results of operations in our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial statements. If it were determined, however, that we are not the owner of the consolidated VIEs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be treated as a PFIC for the current taxable year and any subsequent taxable year. Assuming that we are the owner of the VIEs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and based upon our income and assets, and the market value of our ADSs, we do not believe we were a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2018 and do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the foreseeable future. While we do not anticipate being or becoming a PFIC in the current or foreseeable taxable years, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of our ADSs may cause us to be classified as a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs from time to time (which may be volatile). If our market capitalization subsequently declines, we may be or become classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or future taxable years. Furthermore, the composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increase relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of becoming classified as a PFIC may substantially increase. If we are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, the PFIC rules discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” generally will apply to such U.S. Holder for such taxable year, and unless the U.S. Holder makes certain elections, will apply in future years even if we cease to be a PFIC. The discussion below under “—Dividends” and “—Sale or Other Disposition” is written on the basis that we will not be or become classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.” Dividends Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” any cash distributions (including the amount of any PRC tax withheld) paid on our ADSs or ordinary shares out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of ordinary shares, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay will generally be treated as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on our ADSs or ordinary shares will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations. A non-corporate U.S. Holder will be subject to tax at the lower capital gain tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income,” provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (1) our ADSs are readily tradeable on an established securities market in the United States, or, in the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, we are eligible for the benefit of the United States-PRC income tax treaty, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend was paid and the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. We expect our ADSs (but not our ordinary shares) will be readily tradeable on an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance, however, that our ADSs will be considered readily tradeable on an established securities market in later years. 93 Table of Contents In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be eligible for the benefits of the United States-PRC income tax treaty. If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our ordinary shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by the ADSs, would be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described in the preceding paragraph. Dividends will generally be treated as income from foreign sources for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes and will generally constitute passive category income. Depending on the U.S. Holder’s individual facts and circumstances, a U.S. Holder may be eligible, subject to a number of complex limitations, to claim a foreign tax credit in respect of any foreign withholding taxes imposed on dividends received on our ADSs or ordinary shares. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and their outcome depends in large part on the U.S. Holder’s individual facts and circumstances. Accordingly, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances. Sale or Other Disposition Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” a U.S. Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or ordinary shares. Any capital gain or loss will be long-term if the ADSs or ordinary shares have been held for more than one year and will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. In the event that gain from the disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares is subject to tax in the PRC, such gain may be treated as PRC source gain under the United States-PRC income tax treaty. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances. Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, and unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as described below), the U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules on (i) any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S. Holder that is greater than 125 percent of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares), and (ii) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares. Under the PFIC rules: • • • • the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares; the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are classified as a PFIC (each, a “pre-PFIC year”), will be taxable as ordinary income; the amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year; and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the tax attributable to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares and any of our subsidiary, our VIEs or any of the subsidiaries of our VIEs is also a PFIC, such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiary, our VIEs or any of the subsidiaries of our VIEs. As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such stock, provided that such stock is regularly traded. For those purposes, our ADSs, but not our ordinary shares, are treated as marketable stock upon their listing on the New York Stock Exchange. We anticipate that our ADSs should qualify as being regularly traded, but no assurances may be given in this regard. If a U.S. Holder makes this election, the holder will generally (i) include as ordinary income for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of ADSs held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such ADSs and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs over the fair market value of such ADSs held at the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ADSs would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of a corporation classified as a PFIC and such corporation ceases to be classified as a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that such corporation is not classified as a PFIC. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. Holder recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of our ADSs in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to- market election. 94 Table of Contents Because a mark-to-market election cannot be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above. If a U.S. Holder owns our ADSs or ordinary shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form 8621. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of our ADSs or ordinary shares if we are or become a PFIC. Information Reporting Certain U.S. Holders may be required to report information to the IRS with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ADSs or ordinary shares. These rules also impose penalties if a U.S. Holder is required to submit such information to the IRS and fails to do so. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to information reporting to the IRS with respect to dividends on and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult with its tax advisor regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting rules to their particular circumstances. F. Dividends and Paying Agents Not applicable. G. Statement by Experts Not applicable. H. Documents on Display We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F no later than four months after the close of each fiscal year. Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information regarding the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We will furnish Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the depositary of our ADSs, with our annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to holders of ADSs and, upon our request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting received by the depositary from us. I. Subsidiary Information Not applicable. 95 Table of Contents ITEM 11.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Inflation To date, inflation in China has not materially impacted our results of operations. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the year- over-year percent changes in the consumer price index were increases of 1.8% for December 2017 and 1.9% for December 2018. Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected by higher rates of inflation in China in the future. Market Risks Foreign Exchange Risk Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in RMB. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. In July 2005, the PRC government changed its decades-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation subsided and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. While appreciating approximately by 7% against the U.S. dollar in 2017, the Renminbi in 2018 depreciated approximately by 5% against the U.S. dollar. Since October 1, 2016, the RMB has joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s basket of currencies that make up the Special Drawing Right (SDR), along with the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system and there is no guarantee that the RMB will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amounts available to us. Any significant depreciation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position as reported in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we received from our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB amounts into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. Interest Rate Risk Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest income generated by excess cash, which is mostly held in interest-bearing bank deposits. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates, and we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. However, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in market interest rates. 96 Table of Contents ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES A. Debt Securities Not applicable. B. Warrants and Rights Not applicable. C. Other Securities Not applicable. D. American Depositary Shares Charges Our ADS Holders May Have to Pay The depositary of our ADS facility, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, shall charge the following fees for the services performed under the terms of the deposit agreement, provided, however, that no fees shall be payable upon distribution of cash dividends so long as the charging of such fee is prohibited by the exchange, if any, upon which the ADSs are listed: • • • • • • to any person to whom ADSs are issued or to any person to whom a distribution is made in respect of ADS distributions pursuant to stock dividends or other free distributions of stock, bonus distributions, stock splits or other distributions (except where converted to cash), a fee not in excess of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) so issued under the terms of the deposit agreement to be determined by the depositary; to any person surrendering ADSs for withdrawal of deposited securities or whose ADSs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason including, inter alia, cash distributions made pursuant to a cancellation or withdrawal, a fee not in excess of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs reduced, cancelled or surrendered (as the case may be); to any holder of ADSs, a fee not in excess of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs held for the distribution of cash dividends; to any holder of ADSs, a fee not in excess of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs held for the distribution of cash entitlements (other than cash dividends) and/or cash proceeds, including proceeds from the sale of rights, securities and other entitlements; to any holder of ADSs, a fee not in excess of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) issued upon the exercise of rights; and for the operation and maintenance costs in administering the ADSs an annual fee of US$5.00 per 100 ADSs, such fee to be assessed against holders of record as of the date or dates set by the depositary as it sees fit and collected at the sole discretion of the depositary by billing such holders for such fee or by deducting such fee from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions. 97 Table of Contents In addition, holders, beneficial owners, any person depositing Shares for deposit and any person surrendering ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of deposited securities will be required to pay the following charges: • • • • • • • taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges; such registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of our ordinary shares or other deposited securities with the foreign registrar and applicable to transfers of ordinary shares or other deposited securities to or from the name of the custodian, the depositary or any nominees upon the making of deposits and withdrawals, respectively; such cable, telex, facsimile and electronic transmission and delivery expenses as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be at the expense of the depositor depositing or person withdrawing ordinary shares or holders and beneficial owners of ADSs; the expenses and charges incurred by the depositary and/or a division or affiliate(s) of the depositary in the conversion of foreign currency; such fees and expenses as are incurred by the depositary in connection with compliance with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to ordinary shares, deposited securities, ADSs and ADRs; the fees and expenses incurred by the depositary in connection with the delivery of deposited securities, including any fees of a central depository for securities in the local market, where applicable; any additional fees, charges, costs or expenses that may be incurred by the depositary or a division or affiliate(s) of the depositary from time to time. Any other fees and charges of, and expenses incurred by, the depositary or the custodian under the deposit agreement will be paid by us unless otherwise agreed in writing between the depositary and us from time to time. All fees and charges may, at any time and from time to time, be changed by agreement between the depositary and us but subject, in the case of fees and charges payable by holders or beneficial owners, only in the manner contemplated by the deposit agreement. Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us Our depositary anticipates to reimburse us for certain expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance of the ADR program upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary may agree from time to time. The depositary may make available to us a set amount or a portion of the depositary fees charged in respect of the ADR program or otherwise upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary may agree from time to time. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we did not receive such reimbursement from the depositary. 98 Table of Contents ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES PART II. None. ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders See “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Ordinary Shares” for a description of the rights of securities holders, which remain unchanged. Use of Proceeds The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to the registration statement on Form F-1, as amended (File No. 333-222528 ) (the “F-1 Registration Statement”) in relation to our initial public offering of 10,000,000 ADSs representing 40,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, at an initial offering price of US$11.00 per ADS. Our initial public offering closed in February 2018. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and China Renaissance Securities (Hong Kong) Limited were the representatives of the underwriters for our initial public offering. Counting in the ADSs sold upon the exercise of the over-allotment option by our underwriters, we and certain selling shareholders offered and sold 10,400,000 and 1,100,000 ADSs, respectively, and received total purchase price of US$106.4 million and US$11.3 million, respectively. The F-1 Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on February 7, 2018. The total expenses incurred for our company’s account in connection with our initial public offering was approximately US$10.5 million, which included US$8.0 million in underwriting discounts and commissions for the initial public offering and approximately US$2.5 million in other costs and expenses for our initial public offering. Counting in the ADSs sold upon the exercise of the over-allotment option by our underwriters, we received net proceeds of approximately US$103.9 million from our initial public offering, after deducting underwriting commissions and discounts and the offering expenses payable by us. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons owning more than 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. None of the net proceeds we received from the initial public offering were paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. In 2018, we used the net proceeds from our initial public offering as follows: • • • • approximately US$15.9 million for research and development of products, services and technologies; approximately US$7.6 million for selling and marketing; approximately US$14.4 million for general corporate purposes and working capital; and approximately US$31.6 million for strategic investments and acquisitions. We still intend to use the remainder of the proceeds from our initial public offering, as disclosed in our registration statement on Form F-1, for (i) research and development of products, services and technologies, (ii) selling and marketing, and (iii) general corporate purposes and working capital and potential strategic investments and acquisitions. ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of December 31, 2018 and as of the date that the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was completed, because of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below. Our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to satisfy the objectives for which they are intended. Notwithstanding management's assessment that our internal control over financial reporting was ineffective as of December 31, 2018 due to the material weakness described below, we believe that the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report correctly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the fiscal years covered thereby in all material respects. 99 Table of Contents Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not detect or prevent misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was ineffective as of December 31, 2018 due to one material weakness we identified in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weakness identified related to lack of adequate supervisory review over the appropriate accounting treatment of complex transactions (including some of our equity transactions consummated prior to the initial public offering of our ADSs that were treated as a deemed dividend) to ensure that such transactions were in compliance with U.S. GAAP. This identified material weakness impacted our interim reporting during 2018 and could affect our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and detect or prevent material misstatements of our annual or interim financial statements on a timely basis prospectively. We have implemented and plan to (i) establish effective oversight and clarifying reporting requirements for non-recurring and complex transactions to ensure consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are accurate, complete and in compliance with U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements, and (ii) enhance our internal audit function as well as engaging an external consulting firm to assist us in assessing our compliance readiness under Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act and improve overall internal control. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue implementing these measures in the future, or that we will not identify additional material weaknesses in the future. We will continue to implement measures to remediate our internal control deficiencies. We may incur significant costs in the implementation of such measures. However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address the deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and investor confidence in our company and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.” Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting as we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are therefore exempt from the attestation requirement. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT Our board of directors has determined that Jimmy Lai, a member of our audit committee and independent director (under the standards set forth in Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the NYSE and Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), is an audit committee financial expert. ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS In January 2018, our board of directors adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. We have posted a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics on our website at http://www.huami.com/investor. 100 Table of Contents ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP, our principal external auditors, for the periods indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our auditors during the periods indicated below. Audit fees(1) Notes: For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands of RMB) 4,392 5,662 (1) “Audit fees” means the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our comparative interim financial statements, including audit fees relating to our initial public offering in 2018. The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and other service provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP as described above, other than those for de minimis services which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the completion of the audit. ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES Not applicable. ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS The table below is a summary of the shares repurchased by us in 2018. All shares were repurchased pursuant to the share purchase agreements we and our two employees entered into on November 15, 2018, pursuant to which we repurchased 160,000 Class A ordinary shares and 328,000 Class A ordinary shares acquired by them upon vesting of restricted shares or exercise of options, as applicable. Date of Repurchase November 15, 2018 November 15, 2018 Total Number of Class A Ordinary Shares Repurchased Average Price Paid Per Class A Ordinary Share 160,000 328,000 US$2.4175 US$2.4175 ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT Not applicable. ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE As a Cayman Islands company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we are subject to the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. However, NYSE rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. Pursuant to Sections 303A.01, 303A.04, 303A.05 and 303A.07 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange must have a majority of independent directors, a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We currently follow our home country practice in lieu of these requirements. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our ADSs—We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies.” ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE Not applicable. 101 Table of Contents ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18. ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PART III. The consolidated financial statements of Huami Corporation are included at the end of this annual report. ITEM 19. EXHIBITS Exhibit Number Description of Document 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant, effective February 7, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 2.3) Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Class A Ordinary Shares (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registration statement on Form F-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 26, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) Deposit Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2018, among the Registrant, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as depositary, and all holders from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-226665), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2018) Shareholders Agreement between the Registrant and other parties thereto dated April 29, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) 2015 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) 2018 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333- 222528)) Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement and Power of Attorney among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and shareholders of Anhui Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement and Power of Attorney among our WFOE, Beijing Huami and shareholders of Beijing Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) 102 Table of Contents Exhibit Number Description of Document 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 8.1* 11.1 English translation of the amended and restated Equity Pledge Agreement among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and shareholders of Anhui Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Equity Pledge Agreement among our WFOE, Beijing Huami and shareholders of Beijing Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Exclusive Consultation and Services Agreement among our WFOE, Anhui Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Exclusive Consultation and Services Agreement among our WFOE, Beijing Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Exclusive Option Agreement among our WFOE, Anhui Huami and shareholders of Anhui Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of the amended and restated Exclusive Option Agreement among our WFOE, Beijing Huami and shareholders of Beijing Huami dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of Loan Agreement between our WFOE and Mr. Wang Huang dated November 3, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of Business Cooperation Agreement between Anhui Huami and Xiaomi dated October 23, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of Strategic Cooperation Agreement between Anhui Huami and Xiaomi dated October 23, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of Intellectual Property Application Right Assignment Agreement between Xiaomi and Anhui Huami dated April 29, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) English translation of Trademark Licensing Agreement between Xiaomi and Anhui Huami dated October 23, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) List of Principal Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities of the Registrant Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission January 12, 2018 (File No. 333-222528)) 12.1* 12.2* CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 13.1** CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 103 Table of Contents Exhibit Number Description of Document 13.2** CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 15.1* 15.2* Consent of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP Consent of Zhong Lun Law Firm 101.INS* XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document 101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document * ** Filed with this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Furnished with this Annual Report on Form 20-F. 104 Table of Contents The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf. SIGNATURES Date: April 12, 2019 Huami Corporation By: /s/ Wang Huang Name: Title: Wang Huang Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 Table of Contents CONTENTS HUAMI CORPORATION INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN (DEFICIT) EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I PAGE(S) F-3 F-4 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-9 F-10 F-51 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Huami Corporation Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Huami Corporation (the "Company") its subsidiaries, its consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and the VIEs’ subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in (deficit) equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in schedule I (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Change in Accounting Principle As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for revenues from contracts with customers in 2018 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Convenience translation Our audit also comprehended the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 2. Such United States dollar amounts are presented solely for the convenience readers in the United States of America. /s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP Beijing, the People's Republic of China April 12, 2019 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016. F-3 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) Except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Term deposit Accounts receivable (net of allowance of nil and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Amounts due from related parties (net of allowance of nil and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Inventories Short-term investments Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Goodwill Long-term investments Deferred tax assets Other non-current assets Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities: Accounts payable (including accounts payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of RMB671,942 and RMB1,059,676 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Advance from customers (including advance from customers of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of RMB10,683 and RMB5,930 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Amount due to related parties of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (including accrued expenses and other current liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group of RMB62,042 and RMB159,736 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Income tax payables of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Notes payable of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Bank borrowings of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Total current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Amount due to a related party, non-current of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Other non-current liabilities of the consolidated VIEs without recourse to the Group Total liabilities F-4 2017 RMB As of December 31 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 366,336 3,185 — 32,867 578,454 249,735 13,721 51,062 1,295,360 28,755 5,339 5,930 85,238 41,895 3,000 1,465,517 1,441,802 10,010 96,969 58,925 656,399 484,622 50,482 58,247 2,857,456 40,042 63,722 5,930 208,949 75,032 7,350 3,258,481 209,701 1,456 14,104 8,570 95,469 70,485 7,342 8,473 415,600 5,824 9,268 862 30,390 10,913 1,070 473,927 707,782 1,064,106 154,768 10,683 8,143 93,798 21,600 5,243 30,000 877,249 2,470 3,076 4,940 887,735 5,943 10,695 213,975 54,037 18,936 20,000 1,387,692 4,962 — 56,249 1,448,903 864 1,556 31,121 7,859 2,754 2,909 201,831 722 — 8,181 210,734 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – CONTINUED (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) Except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Mezzanine equity Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series A Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 71,641,792 shares and nil authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31,2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB24,870 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Series B-1 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series B-1 Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 shares and nil authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB33,188 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Series B-2 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series B-2 Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 20,895,523 shares and nil authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB364,145 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Total mezzanine equity Commitments and contingencies (Note 24) Equity Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 405,462,685 and nil shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; 91,304,327 and nil shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Class A Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; nil and 9,800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018; nil and 57,303,093 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Class B Ordinary shares(US$0.0001 par value; nil and 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018; nil and 184,376,679 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Additional paid-in capital Accumulated retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Total Huami Corporation shareholders’ equity Noncontrolling interest Total equity Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity 2017 RMB As of December 31 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 26,770 26,906 295,942 349,618 56 — — 72,427 131,192 22,100 225,775 2,389 228,164 1,465,517 — — — — — 36 115 1,373,577 340,046 97,141 1,810,915 (1,337) 1,809,578 3,258,481 — — — — — 5 17 199,779 49,457 14,129 263,387 (194) 263,193 473,927 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Revenues (including RMB1,449,927, RMB1,778,640 and RMB 2,816,995 with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Cost of revenues (including RMB1,198,295, RMB1,355,493 and RMB2,141,123 with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Gross profit Operating expenses Selling and marketing General and administrative Research and development Total operating expenses Operating income Other income and expenses Interest income Realized gain from investments Gain from fair value change of long-term investments Impairment loss from long-term investments Other income, net Income before income tax and (loss)/income from equity method investments Provision for income taxes Income before (loss)/income from equity method investments (Loss)/income from equity method investments Net income Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Huami Corporation Less: Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares Less: Accretion of Series B-1 Preferred Shares Less: Accretion of Series B-2 Preferred Shares Less: Deemed dividend to preferred shareholders Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating preferred shares and nonvested restricted shares Net (loss)/income attributable to ordinary shareholders of Huami Corporation Net (loss)/income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Huami Corporation Basic (loss)/income per ordinary share Diluted (loss)/income per ordinary share Weighted average number of shares used in computing net (loss)/ income per share Ordinary share - basic Ordinary share - diluted 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 1,556,476 2,048,896 3,645,335 530,192 1,280,324 276,152 1,554,194 494,702 2,705,885 939,450 393,555 136,637 27,821 102,644 132,304 262,769 13,383 754 — — — 14,726 28,863 (3,088) 25,775 (1,829) 23,946 — 23,946 3,209 2,738 30,121 — 44,026 114,880 153,827 312,733 181,969 3,003 2,373 — — 4,555 191,900 (27,611) 164,289 2,806 167,095 (587) 167,682 3,762 3,127 34,382 — 96,538 213,973 263,220 573,731 365,719 11,595 261 7,860 (7,590) 8,768 386,613 (52,036) 334,577 1,743 336,320 (3,726) 340,046 177 368 4,049 209,752 14,041 31,121 38,284 83,446 53,191 1,686 38 1,143 (1,104) 1,275 56,229 (7,568) 48,661 254 48,915 (542) 49,457 26 54 589 30,507 — 80,291 12,210 1,776 (12,122) 46,120 113,490 16,505 (0.22) (0.22) 0.68 0.65 0.54 0.51 0.08 0.07 55,612,626 55,612,626 67,777,592 76,291,901 211,873,704 225,034,650 211,873,704 225,034,650 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-6 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) Except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Foreign currency translation adjustment Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments and others, (net of tax effect of nil, RMB1,554 and RMB2,250 for years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Comprehensive income Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to Huami Corporation For the years ended December 31, 2016 RMB 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 23,946 167,095 336,320 48,915 5,262 (3,175) 60,357 8,779 303 29,511 — 29,511 9,484 173,404 (587) 173,991 14,684 411,361 (3,726) 415,087 2,136 59,830 (542) 60,372 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-7 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN (DEFICIT) EQUITY (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Balance as of January 1, 2016 Accretion of Series A preferred shares Accretion of Series B preferred shares Exercise of option Net income Foreign currency translation adjustment Share-based compensation Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments Balance as of December 31, 2016 Accretion of Series A preferred shares Accretion of Series B preferred shares Exercise of option Net income Foreign currency translation adjustment Share-based compensation Noncontrolling interest arise from acquisition Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments Balance as of December 31, 2017 Accretion of Series A preferred shares Accretion of Series B preferred shares Issuance of ordinary shares upon initial public offering, net of offering costs of US$10,512 Conversion of participating convertible redeemable preferred shares to ordinary shares upon initial public offering Exercise of option and restricted shares Net income Foreign currency translation adjustment Share-based compensation Repurchase of ordinary shares Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of tax effect of RMB2,250 Cumulative effect adjustment related to opening retained earnings for adoption of ASC 606 Deemed dividend related to issuance of ordinary shares to preferred shareholders Balance as of December 31, 2018 Ordinary Shares Shareholders’ Shares Amount RMB Additional Paid-in Capital RMB Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income RMB (Accumulated Deficit)/ Retained Earnings RMB Total Huami Corporation Shareholders’ (Deficit)/ Equity RMB Noncontrolling Interest RMB Total Shareholders' (Deficit)/ Equity RMB 91,134,327 — — 35,000 — — — — 91,169,327 — — 135,000 — — — — — 91,304,327 — — 41,600,000 94,537,315 2,661,305 — — — (488,000 ) — — 56 — — — — — — — 56 — — — — — — — — 56 — — 26 60 2 — — — — — — 29,131 (3,209 ) (32,859 ) 24 — — 57,735 — 50,822 (3,762 ) (37,509 ) 89 — — 62,787 — — 72,427 (177 ) (4,417 ) 657,035 354,152 3,484 — — 134,709 (8,157 ) — — 10,226 — — — — 5,262 — 303 15,791 — — — — (3,175 ) — — 9,484 22,100 — — — — — — 60,357 — — 14,684 (60,436 ) — — — 23,946 — — — (36,490 ) — — — 167,682 — — — — 131,192 — — — — — 340,046 — — — — — 33,329 (21,023 ) (3,209 ) (32,859 ) 24 23,946 5,262 57,735 303 30,179 (3,762 ) (37,509 ) 89 167,682 (3,175 ) 62,787 — 9,484 225,775 (177 ) (4,417 ) 657,061 354,212 3,486 340,046 60,357 134,709 (8,157 ) 14,684 33,329 — — — — — — — — — — — — (587 ) — — 2,976 — 2,389 — — — — — (3,726 ) — — — — — (21,023 ) (3,209 ) (32,859 ) 24 23,946 5,262 57,735 303 30,179 (3,762 ) (37,509 ) 89 167,095 (3,175 ) 62,787 2,976 9,484 228,164 (177 ) (4,417 ) 657,061 354,212 3,486 336,320 60,357 134,709 (8,157 ) 14,684 33,329 12,064,825 241,679,772 7 151 164,521 1,373,577 — 97,141 (164,521 ) 340,046 7 1,810,915 — (1,337 ) 7 1,809,578 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-8 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net income Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation of property, plant and equipment Amortization of intangible assets Write-off of short-term loans Impairment loss from long-term investments Inventory write-down Share-based compensation Loss / (gain) from equity method investment Realized gain from investments Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment Gain from fair value change of long-term investments Deferred income taxes Others Changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Amount due from related parties Other non-current assets Amount due to related parties Accounts payable Notes payable Advance from customers Income tax payable Accrued expense and other current liabilities Other non-current liability Net Cash provided by Operating Activities Cash Flows from Investing Activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment Prepayment for other non-current assets Purchase of intangible assets Cash received from the disposal of property, plant and equipment Purchase of term deposits Proceeds from maturity of term deposits Purchase of business, net of cash acquired of RMB3,475 Loans provided to related parties Loans provided to third-parties Proceeds received from loans provided to third-parties Purchase of short-term investments Purchase of long-term investments Disposal of short-term investments Disposal of long-term investments Net Cash Used in Investing Activities Cash Flows from Financing Activities Loans repaid to related party Exercise of share options and restricted shares Bank borrowings Repayment of bank borrowing Net proceeds from initial public offering Repurchase of ordinary shares Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash Effect of exchange rate changes Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the year Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Income tax paid Interest paid Non-cash investing and financing activity Payable for long-term investment Conversion from loan to long-term investment Non-monetary exchange of convertible bond to intangible assets Payable for property, plant and equipment Conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares Deemed dividend related to issuance of ordinary shares to preferred shareholders 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2018 2017 RMB RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 23,946 2,399 — — — 1,037 57,735 1,829 — — — (18,468 ) — 2,218 (103,464 ) 6,691 (287,661 ) — — 271,999 2,662 5,885 21,697 28,761 — 17,266 (10,274 ) — (1,223 ) — — — — (16,071 ) — — (8,937 ) (62,882 ) — — (99,387 ) — 24 10,000 — — — 10,024 (72,097 ) 5,262 219,987 153,152 9,599 — 15,000 — — — — — 167,095 3,542 175 — — 2,449 62,787 (2,806 ) (2,373 ) 192 — (18,962 ) — (13,158 ) (57,609 ) (32,985 ) (109,756 ) — (281 ) 181,628 2,581 4,333 972 45,572 4,940 238,336 (21,454 ) (3,000 ) (88 ) 164 — — 2,323 — (12,857 ) 1,000 (6,506 ) (23,610 ) 2,062 23,085 (38,881 ) — 89 30,000 (10,000 ) — — 20,089 219,544 (3,175 ) 153,152 369,521 35,892 1,997 — 8,000 — 264 — — 336,320 5,773 443 5,500 7,590 — 134,709 (1,743 ) (261 ) 26 (7,860 ) (32,895 ) 295 (26,058 ) (234,887 ) (5,748 ) (45,116 ) (3,150 ) 5,757 356,324 13,693 (4,740 ) 32,437 119,887 51,309 707,605 (17,136 ) — (52,017 ) 65 (385,028 ) 288,771 — (5,000 ) (8,920 ) 5,578 (41,300 ) (109,854 ) — — (324,841 ) (3,221 ) 3,486 20,000 (30,000 ) 657,062 (8,157 ) 639,170 1,021,934 60,357 369,521 1,451,812 52,063 1,310 275 — 7,104 15 354,212 209,752 48,915 840 65 800 1,104 — 19,592 (254 ) (38 ) 4 (1,143 ) (4,784 ) 43 (3,790 ) (34,163 ) (836 ) (6,562 ) (458 ) 837 51,825 1,992 (689 ) 4,718 17,436 7,463 102,917 (2,492 ) — (7,566 ) 10 (56,000 ) 42,000 — (727 ) (1,297 ) 811 (6,007 ) (15,978 ) — — (47,246 ) (468 ) 506 2,908 (4,363 ) 95,566 (1,186 ) 92,963 148,634 8,779 53,744 211,157 7,572 191 40 — 1,033 2 51,518 30,507 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-9 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 1. ORGANAZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Huami Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in December 2014. The Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its variable interest entities (“VIEs”), Anhui Huami Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Anhui Huami”), Huami (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Huami”), and Anhui Huami's subsidiaries, are collectively referred to as the “Group”. The Group primarily engages in the business of developing, manufacturing and selling smart, wearable technological devices in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). During the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group derived over 65% of its revenue from sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices to one customer who is controlled by one of its shareholders. As of December 31, 2018, details of the Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs were as follows: Place of incorporation Date of incorporation/acquisition Percentage of ownership Subsidiaries of the Company: Huami HK Limited (“Huami HK”) Huami, Inc. (“Huami Inc”) Beijing ShunYuan KaiHua Technology Co., Ltd. (“ShunYuan”) Huami (Shenzhen) Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Huami SZ”) Anhui Huami Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“Huami Intelligent”) Rill, Inc. (“Rill”) DingShow Bitinno Technologies Inc. ("Bitinno") Variable interest entities of the Company: Anhui Huami Beijing Huami Subsidiaries of Anhui Huami: Anhui Huami Healthcare Co., Ltd. (“Huami Healthcare”) Shenzhen Yunding Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yunding”) Oclean Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("HK Yunding") The VIE arrangements Hong Kong (“HK”) United States of America (“U.S.”) December 23, 2014 January 15, 2015 PRC PRC PRC U.S. Cayman Islands U.S. PRC PRC PRC PRC HK February 25, 2015 December 7, 2015 December 28, 2015 June 16, 2016 October 10, 2018 November 26, 2018 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% December 27, 2013 July 11, 2014 Consolidated VIE Consolidated VIE December 5, 2016 VIE’s subsidiary July 31, 2017 March 7, 2017 VIE’s subsidiary VIE’s subsidiary The Company conducts substantially all of its smart, wearable and technological devices business in the PRC through contractual arrangements with its VIEs, Anhui Huami and its subsidiaries and Beijing Huami. Since the operations of Anhui Huami and its subsidiaries and Beijing Huami are closely interrelated and almost indistinguishable from one another, the risks and rewards associated with their operations are substantially the same. In addition, the Company consolidates Anhui Huami and its subsidiaries and Beijing Huami as disclosed. Therefore, the Company aggregates disclosures related to Anhui Huami and its subsidiaries and Beijing Huami as variable interest entities and referred to them as “the VIEs” in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The VIEs hold the requisite licenses and permits necessary to conduct the Company’s business. In addition, the VIEs hold the assets necessary to operate the Company’s business and generate substantially all of the Company’s revenues. F-10 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 1. ORGANAZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - CONTINUED VIE Arrangements between the VIEs and the Company’s PRC subsidiary The Company, through Shun Yuan, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company in the PRC (the “WFOE”) has entered into the following contractual arrangements with Anhui Huami, Beijing Huami and their shareholders that enable the Company to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic performance of the VIEs, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs. Accordingly, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and has consolidated the VIEs’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, the Company believes the Company’s rights under the terms of the purchase option agreement provide it with a substantive kick-out right. More specifically, the Company believes the terms of the purchase option agreement are valid, binding and enforceable under PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. The Company also believes that the consideration which is the minimum amount permitted by the applicable PRC law to exercise the option does not represent a financial barrier or disincentive for the Company to currently exercise its rights under the purchase option agreement. A simple majority vote of the Company’s board of directors is required to pass a resolution to exercise the Company’s rights under the purchase option agreement, for which Mr. Wang Huang’s, the chief executive officer ("CEO") of the Company (“Mr. Huang”), consent is not required. The Company’s rights under the purchase option agreement give the Company the power to control the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami. In addition, the Company’s rights under the power of attorney also reinforce the Company’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. The Company also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIEs will continue to execute consulting and service agreements and also ensures that consulting and service agreements will be executed and renewed indefinitely unless a written agreement is signed by all parties to terminate it or a mandatory termination is requested by the local government. The Company has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs. Exclusive consulting and service agreement On April 29, 2015, Shun Yuan entered into an exclusive consulting and service agreement with Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami to enable Shun Yuan to receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIEs and such agreement was amended on November 3, 2017. Under the exclusive consulting and service agreement, Shun Yuan has the exclusive right to provide or designate any entity affiliated with it to provide VIEs the technical and business support services, including information technology support, hardware management and updates, software development, maintenance and updates and other operating services. The exclusive consulting and service agreement could be indefinitely effective unless a written agreement is signed by all parties to terminate it or a mandatory termination is requested by the local government. The exclusive consulting and service agreement was effective on April 29, 2015. Equity pledge agreement Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements dated April 29, 2015 and amended on November 3, 2017 among Anhui Huami, Beijng Huami, all their shareholders and Shun Yuan, all shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami agreed to pledge their equity interests in Anhui Huami or Beijing Huami to Shun Yuan to secure the performance of the VIEs’ obligations under the existing purchase option agreement, power of attorney, exclusive consulting and service agreement and also the equity pledge agreement. Exclusive purchase option agreement Pursuant to the exclusive purchase option agreements entered into on April 29, 2015 and amended on November 3, 2017 among Shun Yuan, Anhui Huami, Beijing Huami and their shareholders, the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami are obligated to sell product to Shun Yuan. Shun Yuan has the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase, or cause the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami to sell to the party designated by Shun Yuan, in Shun Yuan’s sole discretion, all of the shareholders’ equity interests or any assets in Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami when and to the extent that applicable PRC law permits the Company to own such equity interests and assets in Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami. The price to be paid by Shun Yuan or any party designated by Shun Yuan will be the minimum amount of consideration permitted by applicable PRC law at the time when such transaction occurs. All of the shareholders promised and agreed that they will refund the consideration once received to Shun Yuan or any party designated by Shun Yuan within 10 working days. Also, the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami should try their best to help Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami develop well and are prohibited from transferring, pledging, intentionally terminating significant contracts or otherwise disposing of any significant assets in Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami without the Shun Yuan’s prior written consent. F-11 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 1. ORGANAZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - CONTINUED Power of Attorney On April 29, 2015 and amended on November 3, 2017, all of the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami have executed a power of attorney with Shun Yuan, Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami, whereby all of the shareholders irrevocably appoint and constitute the person designated by Shun Yuan as their attorney-in-fact to exercise on their behalf any and all rights that the shareholders have in respect of their equity interests in Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami. The power of attorney will be indefinitely effective unless all parties decide to terminate it by written agreement. Risks in relation to VIE structure The Company believes that the contractual arrangements with its VIEs and their respective shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could: • • • • • • • revoke the business and operating licenses of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs; discontinue or restrict the operations of any related-party transactions between the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs; limit the Group’s business expansion in China by way of entering into contractual arrangements; impose fines or other requirements with which the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs may not be able to comply; impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply; take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Group that could be harmful to the Group’s business or require the Company or the Company’s PRC subsidiaries or VIEs to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations. The Company’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, the Company may not be able to consolidate its VIEs in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIEs and their respective shareholders and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIEs. The Company, however, does not believe such actions would result in the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, its PRC subsidiaries or VIEs. The VIE agreements were amended on November 3, 2017 with no significant differences. Mr. Huang is the largest shareholder of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami, and Mr. Huang is also the largest beneficiary owner of the Company. The interests of Mr. Huang as the largest beneficiary owner of the VIEs may differ from the interests of the Company as a whole, since Mr. Huang is only one of the beneficiary shareholders of the Company, holding 29.5% of the total common shares as of December 31, 2018. The Company cannot assert that when conflicts of interest arise, Mr. Huang will act in the best interests of the Company or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in the Company’s favor. Currently, the Company does not have existing arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest Mr. Huang may encounter in his capacity as a beneficial owner and director of the VIEs, on the one hand, and as a beneficial owner and director of the Company, on the other hand. The Company believes Mr. Huang will not act contrary to any of the contractual arrangements and the exclusive option agreement provides the Company with a mechanism to remove Mr. Huang as a beneficiary shareholder of the VIEs should he act to the detriment of the Company. The Company relies on Mr. Huang, as a director and executive officer of the Company, to fulfill his fiduciary duties and abide by laws of the PRC and Cayman Islands and act in the best interest of the Company. If the Company cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between the Company and Mr. Huang, the Company would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of its business, and there is substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings. F-12 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 1. ORGANAZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - CONTINUED Risks in relation to VIE structure – continued In addition, most of the current shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami are also beneficial owners of the Company and therefore have no current interest in seeking to act contrary to the contractual arrangements. However, to further protect the investors’ interest from any risk that the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami may act contrary to the contractual arrangements, the Company, through Shun Yuan, entered into an irrevocable power of attorney with all of the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami on April 29, 2015 and November 3, 2017. Through the power of attorney, all shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami have entrusted the person designated by Shun Yuan as its proxy to exercise their rights as the shareholders of Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami with respect to an aggregate of 100% of the equity interests in Anhui Huami and Beijing Huami. The following financial statement amounts and balances of the VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions within the Group: Total current assets Total non-current assets Total assets Total current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Revenues Net income Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 1,178,273 129,588 1,307,861 809,653 10,486 820,139 2,202,009 191,522 2,393,531 1,329,010 61,211 1,390,221 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 1,552,340 269,162 2,042,640 327,101 2018 RMB 3,638,560 643,239 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 15,316 (81,954) 17,500 248,642 (19,643) 20,000 712,210 (72,862) (13,221) The intercompany payable between Anhui Huami and Shunyuan were RMB44,420 and RMB68,713 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Those were eliminated by the Company upon consolidation. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of presentation and principle of consolidation The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements of the Group include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, its VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. F-13 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements include allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, the useful lives of long-lived assets, impairment of long-lived assets, impairment of goodwill, product warranties, fair value measurement of ordinary shares and preferred shares, fair value measurement of long-term available-for-sale investments and long-term investments of non-marketable equity securities with fair value change through profit or loss, share- based compensation, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and income tax. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Fair value Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows: Level 1 Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Level 3 Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Measured fair value on a recurring basis The Group measured its financial assets and liabilities primarily including available-for-sale securities at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2018. Measured fair value on a nonrecurring basis The Group measured the fair value of the intangible assets acquired through non-monetary exchange at fair value. The fair values was determined using models with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The Group used the income approach by applying the discounted cash flow method (“DCF”). The DCF involves applying an appropriate discount rate to discount future cash flows to present value. The future cash flows represent management’s best estimation as of the measurement date. The projected cash flow estimation includes, among others, analysis of projected revenue growth, gross margins and terminal value and these assumptions are consistent with the Group’s business plan. In determining an appropriate discount rate, the Group has considered the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) by considering relative risk of the industry and the characteristics of the Company. A discount rate of 22% as of the valuation date was used for the fair value measurement of intangible assets. The Group measured acquired intangible assets using the income approach-discounted cash flow method when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group did not recognize any impairment loss related to acquired intangible assets arising from acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. F-14 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Measured fair value on a nonrecurring basis – continued The Group measured goodwill at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is evaluated annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value as a result of the impairment assessments. The fair value of goodwill is determined using discounted cash flows, and an impairment loss will be recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. The Group did not recognize any impairment loss related to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. For equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company elected to use the measurement alternative starting in 2018, the equity investment is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there is an orderly transaction for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Fair value of financial instruments The Group’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, term deposit, accounts receivable, restricted cash, amount due from related parties, available-for-sale securities investments, accounts payable, notes payable, short-term bank borrowing and amount due to related parties. The Company carries its available-for-sales investments at fair value. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, term deposit, accounts receivable, restricted cash, amount due from related parties, accounts payable, notes payable and short-term bank borrowings approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on-hand, demand deposits with financial institutions, term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less and highly liquid investments, which are unrestricted from withdrawal or use, or which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Restricted cash Restricted cash represents deposits made to the bank for bank acceptance notes (or notes payable) issued by the Group. When the Group issues the bank acceptance notes, the banks requires the Group to make a deposit for 40% or 60% of the face value of the bank acceptance notes issued as collateral. The deposits for unsettled bank acceptance notes are recorded as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and 2018. Term deposit Term deposits consist of deposits placed with financial institutions with original maturities of greater than three months and less than one year. Accounts receivable Accounts receivable represents those receivables derived in the ordinary course of business, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowance for doubtful accounts The Group maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses on uncollected accounts receivable. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific accounts: creditworthiness of customers, aging of the receivables, past transaction history with customers and their current condition, changes in customer payment terms, specific facts and circumstances, and the overall economic climate in the industries the Group serves. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company recorded nil allowance for doubtful account. F-15 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Inventories Inventories of the Group consist of raw materials, finished goods and work in process. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a weighted average basis. Inventory costs include expenses that are directly or indirectly incurred in the purchase, including shipping and handling costs charged to the Group by suppliers, and production of manufactured product for sale. Expenses include the cost of materials and supplies used in production, direct labor costs and allocated overhead costs such as depreciation, insurance, employee benefits, and indirect labor. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. The Group assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically writes down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon the product life cycle. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, inventory write-down amounted to RMB1,037, RMB2,449 and nil, respectively. Short-term investments Short-term investments are mainly consist of investment in convertible bonds with a maturity of less than one year. These investments are accounted for as available-for-sale investments and measured at fair value. Prepaid expenses and other current assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily consist of advance to suppliers, prepaid expenses, other receivables and value-added tax receivables. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: Software and electronic equipment Building Leasehold improvements Intangible assets, net 3-5 years 20 years Shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill consist of the domain name for the Company’s website www.huami.com, trademark and patents. The domain name is recognized as an intangible asset with indefinite life and evaluated for impairment at least annually or if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Such impairment test compares the fair values of asset with its carrying value amounts and an impairment loss is recognized if and when the carrying amounts exceed the fair value. The estimates of values of the intangible asset not subject to amortization are determined using discounted cash flow valuation approach. Significant assumptions are inherent in this process, including estimates of discount rates. The trademark and patents are recognized as intangible assets with finite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful economic lives. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 10 years. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events on changes in circumstance indicate that it might be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the stock prices, business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. F-16 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Goodwill – continued Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The estimation of fair value of each reporting unit using a discounted cash flow methodology also requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for the Group’s business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of the Group’s weighted average cost of capital. The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on operating results and market conditions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for the reporting unit. The Group performs a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired and the second step will not be required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of the affected reporting unit’s goodwill to the carrying value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Group recognized nil impairment loss on goodwill. Long-term investments The Group’s long-term investments consist of equity securities without readily determinable fair value, equity method investments and available-for- sale securities investments. (a) Equity securities without readily determinable fair value On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and 2018-03 Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. Prior to 2018, for investee companies over which the Group does not have significant influence or a controlling interest, equity securities without determinable fair value were accounted for using the cost method of accounting, measured at cost less other-than-temporary impairment. Starting in 2018, these securities are measured and recorded using a measurement alternative that measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes. The Group reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair value for impairment at each reporting period by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, the operating performance of the companies including current earning trends and other company specific information. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group did not record any impairment losses on its equity securities without readily determinable fair values. (b) Equity Method Investments For an investee company over which the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest, the Group accounts for the investment under the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Group has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%. Other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements are also considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investee company’s accounts are not reflected within the Group’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations; however, the Group’s share of the earnings or losses of the investee company is reflected in the caption “(loss)/income from equity method investments” in the consolidated statements of operations. F-17 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Long-term investments – continued An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than- temporary. The Group estimated the fair value of the investee company based on comparable quoted price for similar investment in active market, if applicable, or discounted cash flow approach which requires significant judgments, including the estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, the estimation of long-term growth rate of a company’s business, the estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and the determination of the weighted average cost of capital. The Group recorded nil, nil and RMB4,133 impairment losses on its equity method investments during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. (c) Available-for-sale Investments For investments which are determined to be debt securities, the Group accounts for them as long-term available-for-sale investments when they are not classified as either trading or held-to-maturity investments. Available-for-sale investment is carried at its fair value and the unrealized gains or losses from the changes in fair values are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. The Group reviews its available for sale investments for other than temporary impairment based on the specific identification method. The Group considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of its investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds the investment’s fair value, the Group considers, among other factors, general market conditions, government economic plans, the duration and the extent to which the fair value of the investment is less than the cost, the Group’s intent and ability to hold the investment, and the financial condition and near term prospects of the investees. The Group recorded nil, nil and RMB3,457 impairment losses on its available- for-sale investments during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Notes payable The Group endorses bank acceptance notes (“Notes”) to suppliers in the PRC in the normal course of business. The Group may endorse these Notes with its suppliers to clear its accounts payable. When the Notes are endorsed by the Group, the Group is jointly liable with other endorsers in the Notes. Notes that have been presented to banks or endorsed with suppliers are derecognized from the consolidated balance sheets when the Notes are settled with banks or when the obligations as endorser are discharged. Revenue recognition On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), "Topic 606" applying the modified retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. Please see the newly adopted accounting pronouncement for detail regarding the impact on the Group's financial statements that arise from the adoption. Nature of Goods and Services The Group generates substantially all of its revenues from sales of smart, wearable devices. The Group also generates a small amount of its revenues from its subscription-based services. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group generated 66.9% of revenue from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices and 33.1% of revenue from sales of the Group's self-branded products and others. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. The Group recognizes revenue, net of estimated sales returns and value-added taxes ("VAT"). The Group has determined that its contracts with its customers include multiple performance obligations that the Group accounts for separately as those are distinct from other items in the contract. The first performance obligation is the smart wearable device and embedded firmware that is essential to the functionality of the device, which the customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The second performance obligation is the software services included with the products, which are provided free of charge and enable users to sync, view, and access real- time data on the Group’s mobile apps. The third performance obligation is the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when- and-if-available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. F-18 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Revenue recognition – continued. The Group allocates the transaction price to all performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. The standalone selling prices are determined based on the expected cost plus margin as the Group determined that no observable price is available for any of its performance obligation. The Group considered multiple factors in the process of determining its cost plus margin including consumer behaviours and the Group’s internal pricing model. The cost plus margin estimated selling price for the smart and wearable devices comprised the majority of the transaction. The cost plus margin estimated selling price for the software services and software upgrades was estimated from RMB1.77 to RMB5.68 per unit for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Group recognizes revenue for the amounts allocated to the connected smart and wearable devices when the customer obtains control of the Group's product, which occurs at a point of time, typically upon delivery to the reseller and acceptance by the reseller, who has been identified as the customer of the Group. Amounts allocated to the software services and unspecified upgrade rights are deferred and recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit over an estimated nine-month period. Sales of self-branded products and others For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group generated 33.1% of revenues from sales of the Group's self-branded products and others to retailers, distributors and end users. The Group’s revenue recognition for its self-branded products was consistent with that described in the preceding paragraphs. Cooperation agreement with one customer For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group generated 66.9% of revenues from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices. That customer is also the sole distributor for such smart wearable devices and is one of our shareholders (see Note 22). Under the cooperation agreement with this customer, the Group produces and assembles final product for shipments of wearable devices to that customer, who are then responsible for commercial distribution and sale of the product. The arrangement includes two payment instalments. The first payment instalment is priced to recover the costs incurred by the Group in developing and shipping the devices to the customer and is due from the customer to the Group once the products have been delivered and accepted by the customer. The Group allocates the initial payment instalment between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their standalone selling price and recognizes revenue based on its recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. The Group is also entitled to receive a potential second instalment payment calculated as 50 percent of the future net profits from commercial sales made by the customer. The Group has determined that the second instalment consideration constitutes variable consideration and includes the amount in the transaction price to the extent it is not constrained and it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period (see below for further details). The second instalment is also allocated between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on the relative standalone price and is recognized based on the Group's recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. The Group’s revenue recognition policy of its products under its cooperation agreement is substantially consistent with that for its sales of self- branded products except that the instalment payments arrangement under the cooperation agreement is not available to the self-branded products. Variable Consideration Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimate of variable consideration which result from the Group's cooperation agreement with one customer (see above for more details). The amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is not constrained and that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Group's estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Group's estimates, the Group will adjust these estimates, which would affect revenue and earnings in the period such variances are known. Sales Incentive Starting in 2018, the Group provides sales incentives to its customers for self-branded products, including reduced sales prices and volume-based discounts. Volume discounts are negotiated on a contract-by-contract basis with customers and the discount will increase depending upon the volume purchased over the period. The sales incentives are discounts to be applied to future sales to the customer which cannot be exchanged for cash. To the extent that the volume discount or sales incentive represents a material right or options to acquire additional goods or services at a discount in the future period, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the outset of the arrangement based on the most likely amount of incentive to be provided to the customer. Amounts allocated to a material right are recognized as revenue when those future goods are sold to the customers. F-19 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Practical Expedients and Exemptions The Group generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling and marketing expenses. In addition, the Group does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as all of its contracts have an original expected length of one year or less. Periods prior to January 1, 2018 The Group recognized revenue when a persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and the services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Group recognized revenue, net of estimated sales returns and value-added taxes ("VAT"). The Group’s contracts with its customers included multiple element arrangements. The first deliverable was the smart wearable device and embedded firmware that was essential to the functionality of the device. The second deliverable was the software services included with the products, which were provided free of charge and enabled users to sync, view, and access real-time data on the Group’s mobile apps. The third deliverable was the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when-and-if-available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. The Group allocated revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. The Group used a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to the deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value, (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”). Because the Group did not have neither VSOE nor TPE for any of its deliverables, revenue was allocated to the deliverables on the Group’s BESP as if each deliverable was sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. The Group’s process for determining its BESP considered multiple factors including consumer behaviors and the Group’s internal pricing model. The BESP for the smart and wearable devices comprised the majority of the arrangement consideration. The BESP for the software services and software upgrades was estimated from RMB 0.43 to RMB 2.82 per unit and from RMB1.30 to RMB 5.69 per unit for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The Group recognized revenue for the amounts allocated to the connected smart and wearable devices at the time of delivery (except as noted below), provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Revenue for products sold through distributors or retailers was recognized on a sell-in basis. Amounts allocated to the software services and unspecified upgrade rights were deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated usage period which approximately 9 months. Sales of self-branded products and others For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group generated 7.9% and 21.2% of revenues from sales of the Group's self-branded products and others to retailers, distributors and end users. The Group’s revenue recognition for its self-branded products was consistent with that described in the preceding paragraphs. Cooperation agreement with one customer For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Group generated 92.1% and 78.8% of revenues from one customer for sales of exclusively designed and manufactured smart wearable devices. That customer was also the sole distribution channel for such smart wearable devices and is one of our shareholders (see Note 22). Under the cooperation agreement with this customer, the Group produces and assembles final product for shipments of wearable devices to that customer, who are then responsible for commercial distribution and sale of the product. The arrangement includes two payment instalments. The first payment instalment is priced to recover the costs incurred by the Group in developing and shipping the devices to the customer and is due from the customer to the Group once products have been delivered and accepted by the customer. The Group allocates the initial payment instalment between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their relative fair value and recognizes revenue based on its recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. The Group is also entitled to receive a potential second instalment payment calculated as 50 percent of the future net profits from commercial sales made by the customer. Given the revenue from the profit sharing arrangement is contingent on the commercial sale, the Group recognized revenue from the second instalment in the period following the commercial sale by the customer, which is when the fee was fixed and determinable. The fee related to the second instalment was usually earned by the Group between 30 to 45 days after initial shipment of the product to the customer. The second instalment was also allocated between the hardware device, the software services, and the software upgrades based on their relative fair value and is recognized based on the Group's recognition policy further described in the preceding paragraph. The Group’s revenue recognition policy of its products under its cooperation agreement was substantially consistent with that for its sales of self-branded products except that the instalment payments arrangement under the cooperation agreement is not available for the self-branded products. F-20 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Value added taxes "VAT" on sales was previously calculated at 17% on revenue from products before May 1, 2018 and thereafter, in accordance with Cai Shui [2018] No.32, the VAT rate decreased to 16%. The Group reports revenue net of VAT. Subsidiaries that are VAT general tax payers are allowed to offset qualified VAT paid against their output VAT liabilities. Rights of return The Group offers limited sales returns for self-branded products sold directly to its customers. The Group estimates the amount of its products sales that may be returned by its customers and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related revenue is recognized. The Group currently estimates product return liabilities using its own historical sales information. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, returns have been insignificant. Cost of revenues Cost of revenues consists primarily of material costs, salaries and benefits for staff engaged in production activities and related expenses that are directly attributable to the production of products. The shipping and handling fees billed to the customers are presented as part of cost of revenues as well. Product warranty The Group offers a standard product warranty that the product will operate under normal use. For products sold to the one customer under the cooperation agreement, the warranty period is 18 months which includes a six month warranty to that customer and an additional 12 months warranty to end- users. For products sold directly to end users, the warranty period include a 12 months warranty to end users. The Group has the obligation, at its option, to either repair or replace the defective product. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of future warranty costs is recorded as a component of cost of revenues. The reserves established are regularly monitored based upon historical experience and any actual claims charged against the reserve. Warranty reserves are recorded as a cost of revenue. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel, materials, office rental expense, general expenses and depreciation expenses associated with research and development activities. Advertising expense Advertising expense are expensed as incurred and included in selling and marketing expenses. Total advertising expenses were RMB13,474, RMB7,586 and RMB25,362 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Government subsidies Government subsidies represent government grants received from local government authorities to encourage the Group’s technology and innovation. The Group records such government subsidies as other income when it has fulfilled all of its obligation related to the subsidy. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recognized RMB14,726, RMB6,719 and RMB9,679 as subsidy income, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, subsidies of RMB8,888 were recorded as other current liabilities and RMB56,249 were recorded as other non-current liabilities as the Group has to meet certain performance conditions required by the government authorities. Income taxes Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Net operating loss carry forwards and credits are applied using enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more-likely-than-not that a portion of or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. F-21 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Income taxes – continued. The Group accounts for uncertain tax positions by reporting a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Tax benefits are recognized from uncertain tax positions when the Group believes that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The Group recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Share-based payment Share-based payment transactions with employees, such as share options are measured based on the grant date fair value of the equity instrument. The Group has elected to recognize compensation expenses using the straight-line method for all employee equity awards granted with graded vesting provided that the amount of compensation cost recognized at any date is at least equal to the portion of the grant-date value of the options that are vested at that date, over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period of the award. Comprehensive income Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income, net of tax. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, and gains and losses that are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The Group’s other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from its subsidiaries not using the RMB as their functional currency and the fair value change of available-for-sale investments of the Group. Comprehensive income is reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Foreign currencies The functional currency of the Company outside of the PRC is the US$. The reporting currency of the Company is the RMB. The Company’s subsidiaries, consolidated VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries with operations in the PRC, Hong Kong, the United States and other jurisdictions generally use their respective local currencies as their functional currencies. The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than the subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs with the functional currency of RMB, are translated into RMB using the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and the average daily exchange rate for each month for income and expense items. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a component of shareholders’ equity. In the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries, transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. All gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations during the year in which they occur. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the transaction (losses)/gains amounted to RMB(5,773), RMB779 and RMB(7,588) and were recorded in general and administrative expenses. RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into other currencies. The value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and to international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents denominated in US$ amounted to RMB98,537, RMB66,494 and RMB513,526 as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Convenience translation Translations of balances in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ as of and during the year ended December 31, 2018 is solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB6.8755, representing the rate as certified by the statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of United States on December 31, 2018. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into U.S. dollar at that rate on December 31, 2018, or at any other rate. F-22 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED (Loss)/Net income per share Basic (loss)/net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The Group’s convertible redeemable participating preferred shares are participating securities as they participate in undistributed earnings on an as-if converted basis. The Group determined that the nonvested restricted shares owned by the founders are participating securities as the holders of these nonvested restricted shares have nonforfeitable rights to receive dividends with all ordinary shares but these nonvested restricted shares do not have a contractual obligation to fund or otherwise absorb the Group’s loss. Accordingly, the Group uses the two-class method, whereby undistributed net income is allocated on a pro rata basis to the ordinary shares, preferred shares and nonvested restricted shares held by the founders to the extent that each class may share income in the year; whereas the undistributed net loss for the year is allocated to ordinary shares only because the convertible redeemable participating preferred shares and nonvested restricted shares owned by the founders are not contractually obligated to share the loss. Diluted (loss)/income per ordinary share reflect the potential dilution that would occur if securities were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. The Group had convertible redeemable participating preferred shares, share options, restricted shares and restricted stock units which could potentially dilute basic (loss)/ income per ordinary share in the future. To calculate the number of shares for diluted (loss)/income per ordinary shares, the effect of the convertible redeemable participating preferred shares is computed using the as-if-converted method; the effect of the share options, restricted shares and restricted stock units is computed using the treasury stock method. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, accounts receivable and revenue. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality. The Group conducts credit evaluations of third-party customers and related parties, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its third-party customers and related parties. The Group establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the credit risk of specific third-party customers and related parties. Accounts receivable concentration of credit risk is as below: Company A Company B Total Amount due from related parties concentration of credit risk is as below: Company C Total F-23 As of December 31, 2017 RMB 18,782(57.1%) — 18,782(57.1%) 2018 RMB 10,600(18.0%) 25,264(42.9%) 35,864(60.9%) As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 566,732(98.0%) 566,732(98.0%) 631,204(96.2%) 631,204(96.2%) Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED Concentration of credit risk – continued Revenue generated from Company C accounted for 93.1%, 86.6% and 76.8% of total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Company C is subsidiary of a company controlled by one of the Group’s shareholders (see note 22). Company C Total Supplier Concentration 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 1,448,960(93.1%) 1,448,960(93.1%) 1,773,595(86.6%) 2,798,824 (76.8%) 1,773,595(86.6%) 2,798,824 (76.8%) The Group relies on third parties for the supply and manufacturing of its products, as well as third-party logistics providers. In instances where these parties fail to perform their obligations, the Group may be unable to find alternative suppliers or satisfactorily deliver its products to its customers on time, if at all. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 38.6% of its raw materials were purchased through Company D, but numerous alternate sources of supply are readily available on comparable terms. Newly adopted accounting pronouncements On January 1, 2018, the Group adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Group applied the five-step method outlined in Topic 606 to all revenue streams and elected to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method. The additional disclosures required by the ASU have been included in Note 2 and Note 13. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a significant impact on revenue recognized on sales from the Group's self-branded products; however, it did have a significant impact on revenue recognized on sales under the Group's cooperation agreement with one customer. Under the accounting standards in effect in the prior period, the second instalment payment in the Group's cooperation agreement, calculated as 50 percent of the future net profits from commercial sales made by the customer, was considered contingent and recognized in the period following the commercial sale by the customer, which is when the fee became fixed or determinable. Under Topic 606, revenue related to the second instalment payment in the Group's cooperation agreement is considered variable consideration and the amount determined to be not probable of significant future reversal, which is the entire second instalment amount, is included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method. As a result of the adoption, the Group recognized the following impact for the year ended and as of December 31, 2018: Revenue Amount due from related parties Retained earnings at beginning Under ASC 605 RMB For the year ended December 31, Impact RMB Under ASC 606 RMB 3,645,385 623,120 131,192 (50) 33,279 33,329 3,645,335 656,399 164,521 F-24 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED The adoption of the standard had no impact to net cash from or used in operating, investing, or financing activities in the Group’s consolidated statement of cash flows. Please refer to Note 13 for more information on disaggregate of revenue with customers. In January 2016, the FASB issued a new pronouncement ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The ASU also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 was further amended in February 2018 by ASU 2018-03, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". This update was issued to clarify certain narrow aspects of guidance concerning the recognition of financial assets and liabilities established in ASU 2016-01. This includes an amendment to clarify that an entity measuring an equity security using the measurement alternative may change its measurement approach to a fair valuation method in accordance with Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, through an irrevocable election that would apply to that security and all identical or similar investments of the same issued. ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03 are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the amendment must be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for amendments related to equity instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values which should be applied prospectively. The Group has adopted the new standard as of January 1, 2018, which did not result in a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The purpose of ASU 2017-01 is to change the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. ASU 2017-01 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance supersedes existing guidance on accounting for leases with the main difference being that operating leases are to be recorded in the statement of financial position as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. For operating leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. For public companies, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of the guidance is permitted. In July 2018, ASU 2016-02 was updated with ASU 2018- 11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which provides entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard. Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11, (1) entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to ASC 842 and (2) lessors may elect not to separate lease and nonlease components when certain conditions are met. Before ASU 2018-11 was issued, transition to the new lease standard required application of the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Group is in the process of completing its evaluation of the effect of the adoption of this ASU and expects the adoption will result in an increase in the assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet for the operating leases and will have insignificant impact on its consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and subsequently in November 2018, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASUs amend the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. In addition, these amendments require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including trade accounts receivable, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance and related amendments is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early application is permitted for all organizations for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Group is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, addressing concerns regarding the cost and complexity of the two-step goodwill impairment test, the amendments in this ASU remove the second step of the test. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. For public entities, the amendments are effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. For public entities, the ASU’s amendments are effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, including not-for-profit entities, the ASU’s amendments are effective for annual and interim F-25 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - CONTINUED goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact that this pronouncements on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, and/or adding certain disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. An entity is permitted to early adopt by modifying existing disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. The Group is evaluating the effect that adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 3. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS Acquisition of Yunding In March 2016, the Group invested and paid RMB2,520 to obtain 35% equity interests in Yunding to expand the business of smart technology devices and benefit from the synergistic effect expected from such investment. The investment was initially recognized as an equity-method investment as the Group enjoyed one out of three board seats and concluded that it had significant influence over the operations of Yunding. In July 2017, the Group acquired an additional 22% equity interests in Yunding for consideration of RMB1,584 in cash. The acquisition resulted in the Group obtaining control of Yunding with an ownership of 57% equity interests. The purchase price consists of the following: Cash consideration Fair value of the 35% equity interests: Carrying amount Gain on re-measurement of fair value of noncontrolling equity investment Total RMB 1,584 380 2,140 4,104 The Group recognized RMB2,140 of realized gain from investment in the consolidated statements of operations as a result of remeasuring the 35% equity interests to fair value immediately before the business combination. The acquisition was recorded using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. The acquisition-date fair value of the equity interests held by the Company immediately prior to the acquisition date was measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow method and taking into account certain factors including the management projection of discounted future cash flow and an appropriate discount rate. The purchase price allocation described below was determined by the Group with the assistance of an independent valuation appraiser. Yunding financial statements constituted less than 1% of revenue, net income, and total assets of the consolidated financial statement as of and during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2018. The acquired net assets were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The acquired goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. F-26 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 3. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS - CONTINUED Acquisition of Yunding – continued The purchase price was allocated as of July 31, 2017, the date of acquisition as follows: Cash Other current assets Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Patents Goodwill Other current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Other non-current liabilities Noncontrolling interests Total RMB Amortization period 3.6-4.8 years 10 years 3,475 3,213 134 4,203 5,930 (2,887) (955) (6,033) (2,976) 4,104 The goodwill is mainly attributable to intangible assets that cannot be recognized separately as identifiable assets under US GAAP, and comprise of (a) the assembled work force and (b) the expected but unidentifiable business growth as a result of synergy effect from the acquisition. 4. INVENTORIES Inventories consisted of the following: Raw materials Work in process Finished goods Total As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 169,665 30,195 49,875 249,735 191,242 33,714 259,666 484,622 During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded write-down of RMB1,037, RMB2,449 and nil for the obsolete inventories, respectively. F-27 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 5. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS Short-term investments included convertible bonds with maturities less than 1 year and consisted of the following: Convertible bonds: Zepp International Limited (“Zepp”) (a) Shenzhen Snowball Technology Co., Ltd (“Snowball”) (b) Guangzhou Joyrun Technology Co., Ltd (“Joyrun”) (c) Abee Semi, Inc.("Abee") (d) Others (e) Total: As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 6,513 — — 7,208 — 13,721 — 16,243 10,751 8,097 15,391 50,482 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) In December 2017, the Group invested RMB6,506 to purchase a convertible bond issued by Zepp, with a 10% interest rate and nine months maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group and Zepp entered into a supplementary agreement where Zepp transferred certain patents to the Group in exchange for the extinguishment of the convertible bond. The Group recorded the acquisition of patents at fair value which resulted in an immaterial gain recorded in the consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the Group invested RMB 20,000 to acquire a convertible bond from Snowball. The convertible bond includes a 4.35% interest rate and has one-year maturity. As part of the agreement, the Group will also receive two years of free services about the connection to the city transportation system for the Amazfit NFC products from Snowball. The fair value of the service is insignificant and is amortized over the service period. Unrealized gains of RMB443 arise from fair value change of the investment was reported in other comprehensive income during the year ended December 31, 2018. In September 2018, the Group invested RMB10,500 to acquire a convertible bond issued by Joyrun with a 8% interest rate and a one-year maturity. The investment was classified as an available-for-sale investment and measured at fair value. The group recognized RMB251 unrealized holding gains in other comprehensive income from the fair value changes in the investment during the year ended December 31, 2018. In June 2016, the Group invested RMB6,937 to acquire a convertible bond from Abee. The convertible bond includes a 7% interest rate and has one year maturity. In June 2017, the Group agreed to extend the maturity date for one additional year. The investment was classified as an available-for-sale investment and measured at fair value. Unrealized holding gains of RMB10 and RMB889 was reported in other comprehensive income during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The others represent several insignificant short-term investments in convertible bonds which are classified as available-for-sales investments and measured at fair value. The Group recognized RMB391 unrealized gains from these investments. F-28 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 6. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS Deferred IPO expense Value-added tax Short-term loans Advances to suppliers Other receivables Rental deposits Prepaid expenses Total 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following: Software and electronic equipment Buildings Leasehold improvements Total Less: accumulated depreciation Construction in progress Property, plant and equipment, net As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 13,268 13,170 11,857 5,128 4,656 1,969 1,014 51,062 As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 7,092 18,592 9,327 35,011 (6,256) — 28,755 — 19,542 14,559 8,359 8,049 4,474 3,264 58,247 14,453 19,342 10,404 44,199 (12,029) 7,872 40,042 The Group has recorded depreciation expenses of RMB2,399, RMB3,542 and RMB5,773 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. No impairment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. Construction in progress includes leasehold improvements as well as the implementation of an information technology system. F-29 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following: Intangible assets with indefinite lives: Domain name Intangible assets with finite lives: Patents Less: accumulated amortization Intangible assets, net As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 1,222 4,304 (187) 5,339 1,222 63,130 (630) 63,722 During 2018, the Group purchased patents from Physical Enterprises Inc. ("PEI") for a total cash consideration amounting to RMB51,470. The Group acquired the patents for the purpose of facilitating their new product development. Amortization expenses for the intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, were nil, RMB175 and RMB443, respectively. Future amortization expense relating to the existing intangible assets amounted to RMB6,313 per year for each of the next five years and thereafter. 9. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS Long-term investments consisted of the following: Equity securities without readily determinable fair value Sifive, Inc. ("Sifive") (a) Greenwaves Technologies ("Greenwaves") (b) Other equity securities without readily determinable fair value (c) Equity method investments: Hefei Huaying Xingzhi Fund Partnership (limited partnership) (“Huaying Fund”) (d) Other equity method investments (e) Available-for-sale investments Sunny Infinity Ltd. ("Sunny") (f) Other available-for-sale investments (g) Total As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB — — 750 55,905 8,097 — 20,486 85,238 20,192 19,906 16,501 56,898 11,283 49,091 35,078 208,949 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) In April 2018 and December 2018, the Group invested RMB8,602 and RMB3,730 to acquire 1.01% equity interests in the form of equity securities in Sifive. Sifive is a private company engaging in the business of semiconductor. The equity interest is not considered in-substance common shares due to substantial liquidation preference rights. Accordingly, the investment in Sifive was accounted for as equity securities without readily determinable fair value. The Group recorded RMB7,860 gain from the fair value change of the investment, arising from observable price changes during the year ended December 31, 2018. In December 2018, the Group invested RMB19,906 to acquire 8.33% equity interests in Greenwaves. Greenwaves is a private company engaging in the business of semiconductor. The equity interest is not considered in-substance common shares due to substantial liquidation preference rights. Accordingly, the investment in Greenwaves was accounted for as equity securities without readily determinable fair value. For the year ended 2018, there are no observable fair value changes on the investment noted. Investments represent certain insignificant investments in third-party private companies, which the Group has no significant influence over the investees. Prior to 2018, the Group accounted for the investment using the cost method. In 2018, those investments are accounted for using the measurement alternative method. In August 2016, the Group invested RMB50,000 to acquire 49.5% equity interests in a limited partnership, Huaying Fund, a fund engaged in investing activities in small and middle scale High Tech private companies. The Group accounted for the investment under the equity method because the investments are of common stock and the Group has significant influence through its board seat in the Fund but does not have a majority equity interest or otherwise control. The other equity method investments represent several insignificant investments classified as equity method investments as the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not have control over the investees during the year of December 31, 2018. F-30 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 9. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS - CONTINUED (f) (g) During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group subscribed certain equity interest in Sunny for a total investment amount of RMB49,091. Sunny is a company established for the sole purpose of making investments in certain start-up and early stage companies in the technology industry. The Group holds an aggregate of 23% equity interests in Sunny and enjoys a redemption right. The investment was classified as available-for-sale investment as the Group determined the interests were debt security and measured at fair value. No fair value change was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018. The other available-for-sale investments represent the investments in debt securities and measured at fair value, which mainly include the investments in convertible bonds and the investments with redemption features. 10. FAIR-VALUE MEASUREMENT As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis mainly consist of the available-for- sale investments, such as the convertible bonds and redeemable preferred shares, which are recorded in short-term and long-term investments. The fair value hierarchy of these investments as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 are as follows: Description Convertible bonds Redeemable preferred shares Total: Description Convertible bonds Redeemable preferred shares Total: Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets Level 1 RMB As of December 31, 2017 Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 RMB Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 RMB — — — 14,130 20,077 34,207 Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets Level 1 RMB As of December 31, 2018 Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 RMB Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 RMB — — — 50,482 84,169 134,651 — — — — — — Total RMB 14,130 20,077 34,207 Total RMB 50,482 84,169 134,651 The Group measured the fair value of the convertible bonds based on the respective principals, expected returns and the estimated conversion value. Those convertible bonds are classified as level 2 measurement. The Group measured the fair value of the redeemable preferred shares based on the recent transactions. Recent transactions include the purchase price agreed by an independent third party for an investment with similar terms. This investment is classified as level 2 measurement. No transfers occurred between different level fair-value measurements during the years presented. For equity securities without readily determinable fair value for which the Group elected to use the measurement alternative starting in 2018, the investment is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis whenever there is an impairment or any changes resulting from observable price changes in an orderly transaction for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The fair value of the investment was categorised as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. When evaluating the impairment of these investments, inputs considered primarily include pricing of recent rounds of financing, future cash flow forecasts, liquidity factors, discount rate, and the selection of comparable companies operating in similar businesses. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group recorded an impairment charge amounting to RMB7,590 related to one of its equity method investment and one of its available for sale investment. The fair value of the investment was based on the future cash flow forecast using significant unobservable inputs and represented a Level 3 measurement. F-31 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 11. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES Accrued payroll and welfare Product warranty Deferred revenue Accrued expenses Other tax payable Accrued professional fee Other current liabilities Total Product warranty activities were as follows: Product Warranty Balance as of January 1, 2016 Provided during the year Utilized during the year Balance at December 31, 2016 Provided during the year Utilized during the year Balance at December 31, 2017 Provided during the year Utilized during the year Balance at December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 30,207 8,431 17,876 3,943 6,569 13,268 13,504 93,798 83,925 55,599 41,863 6,107 4,727 3,945 17,809 213,975 4,275 14,153 (13,558) 4,870 23,093 (19,532) 8,431 68,866 (21,698) 55,599 RMB The warranty costs recorded in cost of revenue were RMB14,153, RMB23,093 and RMB68,866 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group recorded a one-off additional warranty charge due to an irregular quality matter relating to a specific batch of products as noted by its customer. 12. BANK BORROWING On December 22, 2016, the Group entered into a loan agreement with Hui Shang Bank amounting to RMB10,000 with one year maturity and a floating interest rate up to 121% of the benchmark interest rate on payment date. On December 22, 2017, the loan was fully repaid by the Group. On January 4, 2017, the Group entered into a loan agreement with Hefei Branch of China Merchants Bank amounting to RMB30,000 with one year maturity and a fixed interest rate of 5%. On January 4, 2018 the loan was fully repaid by the Group. On April 2, 2018, the Group entered into a loan agreement with Hefei Branch of China Merchants Bank amounting to RMB20,000 with one year maturity and a fixed interest rate of 5%. As of December 31, 2018, the loan remains outstanding. F-32 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 13. REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUES Disaggregation of revenue All the revenues for the period was recognized from contracts with customers. For the year ended December 31, 2018, most of the Group's revenues were generated in the PRC. Additionally, the majority of the Group's revenues result from sales of products which revenue is recognized at a point of time. The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by products, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with reportable segments Xiaomi Wearable products Self-branded Products and Others Total Revenue Contract balances For the year ended, December 31, 2018 RMB 2,439,534 1,205,801 3,645,335 The following table provides information about receivables, deferred revenue and refund liability from contracts with customers Accounts Receivables Amounts due from related parties Deferred revenue Refund liability (sales return) 2018 RMB 58,925 656,399 41,863 153 Accounts receivables are recorded when the right to consideration is unconditional and payments terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 to 60 days. Amounts due from related parties include both amounts billed (RMB623,120) and unbilled amount (RMB33,279) due from related party under the cooperation agreement. The amount billed is recorded when the right to the consideration is unconditional and payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 to 60 days. Unbilled amount due from related party relate to our contractual right to consideration under our cooperation agreement for the second instalment payment not yet invoiced. Contract liabilities, recorded in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, include payment received in advance of performance under the contract related to our software services which are realized over the estimated usage period and payment received related to a material right provided to a customer to acquire additional goods or services at a discount in a future period. The Company recorded no impairment charges related to contract assets in the period. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group recognized RMB17,876 of revenue previously included in deferred revenue as of January 1, 2018, which mainly consist of revenue recognized related to its service subscription. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group billed RMB33,329 to a related party, initially recorded as unbilled amount, mainly due to the timing of invoicing for the goods related to its cooperation agreement. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Group's contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Group's performance and the customer's payment. F-33 Table of Contents 14. INCOME TAXES HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income or capital gains taxes. In addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholdings tax in the Cayman Islands. The Company’s subsidiaries Huami HK Limited and Yunding HK are located in Hong Kong and are subject to a two-tiered income tax rates for taxable income earned in Hong Kong with effect from April 1, 2018. The first HK$2 million of profits earned by Huami HK and Yunding HK will be taxed at 8.25%, while the remaining profits will continue to be taxed at the existing 16.5% tax rate. The Company’s subsidiaries, Huami Inc and Rill, are located in the U.S. and are subject to the US federal income tax. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, (2) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years, and (3) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property. The impact of the Tax Act is not material to our operation and resulted in a decrease in income tax rate from 35% before January 1, 2018 to 21% after January 1, 2018 for tax and income earned as determined in accordance with the relevant tax rules and regulations. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries, the VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries are subject to the 25% standard enterprise income tax rate except for Anhui Huami that qualify as a high and new technology enterprise (“HNTE”), which is subject to a tax rate of 15%. Anhui Huami began to qualify as HNTE in 2015 and renewed the HNTE certificate in October 2018. Accordingly Anhui Huami was subject to a tax rate of 15% during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The current and deferred components of income taxes appearing in the consolidated statements of operation are as follows: Current tax expenses Deferred tax benefits Income tax expense The significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows: Deferred tax assets Accrued expenses Net operating loss carry forwards Total deferred tax assets Less: valuation allowance Deferred tax assets, net 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 21,556 (18,468) 3,088 46,573 (18,962) 27,611 84,931 (32,895) 52,036 As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 7,919 33,976 41,895 — 41,895 28,585 46,447 75,032 — 75,032 As of December 31, 2018, the Group had RMB204,677 operating losses deriving from entities in the PRC, Hong Kong and United States. The operating loss in PRC of RMB152,074 can be carried forward for five years and will begin to expire in 2020, if not utilized. The operating loss in the United States before December 31, 2017 can be carried forward for 20 years to offset future taxable profit, while other losses from the year of 2018 may be carried forward indefinitely. The tax losses in Hong Kong can be carried forward without an expiration date. F-34 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 14. INCOME TAXES - CONTINUED Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence in certain entities in the PRC, HK and United States to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize the existing deferred tax assets and determines the valuation allowance on an entity by entity basis. In making such determination, the Group considers the following factors, among other matters, when determining whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized: the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, the Group's experience with tax attributes expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. The Group's ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law. On the basis of this evaluation, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company believes the net operating loss carry-forwards could be ultimately realized in the Group and no allowance has been recorded for the deferred tax assets. Reconciliation between the income tax expense computed by applying the PRC enterprise tax rate of 25% to income before income tax and actual provision were as follows: Income before income tax Tax expense at PRC enterprise income tax rate of 25% Income tax on tax holidays Tax effect of permanence differences Effect of income tax rate differences in jurisdictions other than the PRC Change in tax rate Income tax expense 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 28,863 7,216 (16,533) (621) 13,026 — 3,088 191,900 47,975 (30,740) (8,190) 14,364 4,202 27,611 386,613 96,653 (58,327) (22,733) 36,443 — 52,036 If the tax holiday granted to Anhui Huami was not available, the Group’s income tax expense would have increased by RMB16,533, RMB30,740 and RMB58,327, the basic net income per share attributable to the ordinary shareholders of the Company would have decreased by RMB0.30, RMB0.45 and RMB0.28 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, and the diluted net income per share attributable to the ordinary shareholders of the Company would have decreased by RMB0.30, RMB0.45 and RMB0.26 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Under the Income Tax Law effective from January 1, 2008, the rules for determining whether an entity is resident in the PRC for tax purposes have changed and the determination of residence depends among other things on the “place of actual management”. If the Group, or its non-PRC subsidiaries, were to be determined as a PRC resident for tax purposes, they would be subject to a 25% income tax rate on their worldwide income including the income arising in jurisdictions outside the PRC. The Group does not believe that its legal entities organized outside of the PRC are considered PRC residents. If the Company was to be a non-resident for PRC tax purposes, dividends paid to it out of profits earned after January 1, 2008 would be subject to a withholding tax. In the case of dividends paid by PRC entities to the entities organized outside of the PRC or any foreign investors, the withholding tax would be 10%, unless any entities organized outside of the PRC or any such foreign investors' jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. Aggregate undistributed earnings of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and VIEs that are available for distribution was RMB350,251 and RMB860,613 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Upon distribution of such earnings, the Company will be subject to PRC EIT taxes, the amount of which is impractical to estimate. The Company did not record any tax on any of the aforementioned undistributed earnings because the relevant subsidiaries and VIEs do not intend to declare dividends and the Company intends to permanently reinvest it within the PRC. Additionally, no deferred tax liability was recorded for taxable temporary differences attributable to the undistributed earnings because the Company believes the undistributed earnings can be distributed in a manner that would not be subject to income tax. The Group did not identify any significant unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The Group did not incur any significant interest and penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses and also does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. The Group has no material unrecognized tax benefits which would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. F-35 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 14. INCOME TAXES - CONTINUED According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the tax authority may require the taxpayer or the withholding agent to make delinquent tax payment within three years if the underpayment of taxes is resulted from the tax authority’s act or error. No late payment surcharge will be assessed under such circumstances. The statute of limitation will be three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to the computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. Late payment surcharge will be assessed in such case. The statute of limitation will be extended to five years under special circumstances which are not clearly defined (but an underpayment of tax liability exceeding US$15 (RMB0.1 million) is specifically listed as a “special circumstance”). The statute of limitation for transfer pricing related issue is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. Therefore, the Group’s PRC domiciled entities are subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities based on the above. 15. ORDINARY SHARES The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation authorizes the Company to issue 405,462,685 ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.0001 per share approximately. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 91,304,327 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. In February 2018, the Group completed its IPO upon which the Group's ordinary shares were divided into class A ordinary shares and class B ordinary shares. The ordinary shares before the offering were converted to class B ordinary shares. The 41,600,000 shares issued through the IPO were classified as Class A ordinary shares. All of the Group's Series A, B-1 and B-2 preferred shares were automatically converted into 94,537,315 Class B ordinary shares. 13,359,788 Class B ordinary shares were re-designated to Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. Immediately prior to the completion of its IPO, the Group granted 12,064,825 Class B ordinary shares to its preferred shareholders in consideration of their waivers of the conditions of a qualified initial public offering as provided in the shareholders agreement between the Group and its preferred shareholders. The Group recorded the issuance at fair value and treated it as a deemed dividend to its preferred shareholders. The Group initially recorded the deemed dividend against retained earnings to reduce it to zero with the remaining amounts charged against additional paid-in capital. Additionally, the deemed dividend reduced the Group's income available to ordinary shareholders. Holders of class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of class B ordinary shares are entitled to ten votes per share. As of December 31, 2018, there were 57,303,093 Class A and 184,376,679 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group repurchased a total of 488,000 ordinary shares from employees and shareholders. The difference between the repurchase price and the fair value of the ordinary shares at the time of repurchase was immaterial. Those shares were immediately cancelled subsequent to the repurchase. F-36 Table of Contents 16. PREFERRED SHARES HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) The significant terms of the Series A Preferred Shares, Series B-1 Preferred Shares and Series B-2 Preferred Shares issued by the Company are as follows: Conversion rights Optional Conversion Each holder of Preferred Shares shall have the right, at such holder’s sole discretion, to convert all or any portion of the Preferred Shares into Ordinary Shares at any time. The conversion rate for Preferred Shares shall be determined by dividing the applicable Preferred Share Issue Price by the applicable conversion price then in effect at the date of the conversion. Conversion price adjustment The initial conversion price will be the applicable Preferred Share Issue Price, which will be subject to adjustments to reflect stock dividends, stock splits and other events (the “Preferred Share Conversion Price”), being no less than par value. The conversion price is subject to (1) Adjustment for Share Dividends, Subdivisions, Combinations or Consolidations of Ordinary Shares; (2) Adjustments for Other Distributions; (3) Adjustments for Reclassification, Exchange and Substitution; (4) Deemed issue of additional ordinary shares. Automatic Conversion Each Preferred Share shall automatically be converted into ordinary shares of the Company, at the then applicable Preferred Share Conversion Price (i) upon the closing of a Qualified Initial Public Offering (the “Qualified IPO”); (ii) upon the prior written approval of the holders of a majority of the Series A Preferred Shares and the holders of two thirds (2/3) of the Series B Preferred Shares. Voting rights Each Preferred Share shall carry a number of votes equal to the number of Ordinary Shares then issuable upon its conversion into Ordinary Shares at the record date for determination of the shareholders entitled to vote on such matters, or, if no such record date is established, at the date such vote is taken or any written consent of shareholders is solicited. Redemption rights Redemption Condition for Series A Preferred Shares: The Series A Preferred Shares is redeemable at any time after the earlier of: (i) forty-eight (48) months after January 17, 2014, if the Company has not consummated a Qualified IPO; (ii) any Redemption required by other Investors (the “Redemption Start Date for Series A Shares”, together with Redemption Start Date for Series B Shares, the “Redemption Start Date”), then subject to the applicable laws of the Cayman Islands and if so requested by the Majority Series A Holders, the Company shall redeem all or part of the issued, outstanding Series A Preferred Shares in cash out of funds legally available therefor (the “Series A Redemption”, together with the Series B Redemption, the “Redemption”). F-37 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 16. PREFERRED SHARES – CONTINUED Redemption Condition for Series B Preferred Shares: The Series B Preferred Shares is redeemable, at any time after the earlier of: (i) forty-eight (48) months after January 17, 2014, if the Company has not consummated a Qualified IPO; (ii) any Redemption required by other Investors (the “Redemption Start Date for Series A Shares”, together with Redemption Start Date for Series B Shares, the “Redemption Start Date”), then subject to the applicable laws of the Cayman Islands and if so requested by the Majority Series A Holders, the Company shall redeem all or part of the issued, outstanding Series A Preferred Shares in cash out of funds legally available therefor (the “Series A Redemption”, together with the Series B Redemption, the “Redemption”). Redemption Price for Series A Preferred Shares: The redemption price of each Series A preferred share (the “Series A Redemption Price) shall be the higher Of: (i) the sum of the Series A preferred share issuance price; plus 15% compound interest per annum on the Series A preferred share issuance price for each Series A preferred share accreted over the period from January 17, 2014 to the earliest redemption date of the security; plus all declared but unpaid dividends per Series A preferred share; (ii) the fair market value determined in accordance with the assessment by the independent appraiser selected jointly by the majority holders of Series A and the Company. Redemption Price for Series B Preferred Shares: The redemption price of each Series B preferred share (the “Series B Redemption Price”, together with the “Series A Redemption Price”, the “Redemption Price”) shall be the higher of: (i) the sum of the Series B preferred share issuance price; plus 12% compound interest per annum on the Series B preferred share issuance price for each Series B preferred share accreted over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the security; plus all declared but unpaid dividends per Series B preferred share; (ii) the fair market value of each Series B preferred share determined in accordance with the assessment by the independent appraiser selected jointly by the holders of the majority holders of Series B Holders and the Company at the date of redemption. Dividends rights No dividend, whether in cash, in property or in shares of the capital of the Company, shall be paid on any other class or series of shares of the Company unless and until a cumulative dividend at the rate of eight percent (8%) of the applicable Preferred Share Issue Price per annum per Preferred Share is first paid in full on the Preferred Shares (on an as-converted basis). Dividends shall be paid on the Series B Preferred Shares, payable out of funds or assets when and as such funds or assets become legally available therefor on parity with each other, on an as-converted basis and prior and in preference to any dividend on the Series A Preferred Shares; after full and unconditional payment of all dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares, dividends shall be paid on the Series A Preferred Shares, payable out of funds or assets when and as such funds or assets become legally available therefor on parity with each other, on an as-converted basis and prior and in preference to any dividend on the Ordinary Shares; after full and unconditional payment of all dividends on the Series B Preferred Shares and Series A Preferred Shares, dividends shall be paid on all the Preferred Shares and the Ordinary Shares then issued, outstanding, payable out of funds or assets when and as such funds or assets become legally available therefor on parity with each other, on an as-converted basis; provided that such dividends shall be payable only when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors. Holders of the Preferred Shares shall also be entitled to receive any non-cash dividends declared by the Board on an as- converted basis. F-38 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 16. PREFERRED SHARES – CONTINUED Liquidation rights: Liquidation Preferences In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, all assets and funds of the Company legally available for distribution among holders of the outstanding Shares (on an as-converted to basis) in the following order and manner: (i) the holders of the Series B Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive, prior to any distribution to the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares, the Ordinary Shares or any other class or series of shares then issued, outstanding, an amount per Series B Preferred Share equal to one hundred and fifty percent (150%) of the applicable Series B Issue Price (the “Series B Preference Amount”); (ii) after the full Series B Preference Amount has been paid on all issued, outstanding Series B Preferred Shares, the holders of the Series A Preferred Shares shall be entitled to receive, prior to any distribution to the holders of the Ordinary Shares or any other class or series of shares then issued, outstanding, an amount per Series A Preferred Share equal to one hundred and fifty percent (150%) of the Series A Issue Price (the “Series A Preference Amount”); (iii) after the full Series B Preference Amount and the Series A Preference Amount on all issued, outstanding Preferred Shares has been paid, any remaining funds or assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders shall be distributed on a pro rata, pari passu basis among the holders of the Preferred Shares (on an as-converted basis), together with the holders of the Ordinary Shares. F-39 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 16. PREFERRED SHARES – CONTINUED Liquidation Event The following events shall be deemed a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (each, a “Liquidation Event”): (i) any acquisition of the Company (whether by a sale of equity, merger or consolidation) in which in excess of 50% of the Company’s voting power outstanding before such transaction is transferred; (ii) a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets and no substantial business operations will be continued by the Company. The change in the balance of Series Preferred included in mezzanine equity during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are as follows: Balance as of January 1, 2016 Accretion of Preferred A shares Accretion of Preferred B shares Balance as of December 31, 2016 Accretion of Preferred A shares Accretion of Preferred B shares Balance as of December 31, 2017 Accretion of Preferred A shares Accretion of Preferred B shares Conversion to ordinary shares Balance as of December 31, 2018 Series A Preferred RMB Series B-1 Preferred RMB Series B-2 Preferred RMB 19,799 3,209 — 23,008 3,762 — 26,770 177 — (26,947) — 21,041 — 2,738 23,779 — 3,127 26,906 — 368 (27,274) — 231,439 — 30,121 261,560 — 34,382 295,942 — 4,049 (299,991) — The Group recognizes changes in the redemption value ratably over the redemption period. Increases in the carrying amount of the redeemable preferred shares are recorded by charges against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, by charges as reduction of additional paid-in capital until additional paid-in capital is reduced to zero. Once paid-in capital is reduced to zero, the redemption value measurement adjustment is recognized as an increase in accumulated deficit. All of these preferred shares were converted to ordinary shares upon the Qualified IPO which was completed in February 2018. F-40 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT Restricted Share owned by the founders As one of the condition to the closing of the Preferential Equity Interests in January 2014, two founders entered into a share restriction agreement with the preferential equity interests shareholders. Pursuant to this agreement, those founders are prohibited from transferring, selling, assigning, pledging or disposing in any way their equity interests in the Company before such interest is vested. The equity interests held by the Founders were 50% converted to restricted equity interests and vest in 24 equal and continuous monthly installments for each month starting from January 2014, provided that those founders remain full-time employees of the Group at the end of such month. A total of 45,567,164 restricted shares were held by those founders as of April 2015. In April 2015, as one of the condition of the closing of the preferred shareholder agreement, the agreement was amended to (1) restrict additional shares and extend the vesting period for an additional 48 months and (2) restrict shares held by four other founders similar to the restrictions imposed in January 2014. The Group also obtained an irrevocable and exclusive option to repurchase all of the restricted shares held by those founders at par value both in January 2014 and April 2015. The share restriction agreement between the founders and the Company was accounted for as a grant of restricted stock awards under a stock-based compensation plan. Accordingly, the Group measured the fair value of the restricted shares of the Founders at the grant date and recognizes the amount as compensation expense over the service period. Additionally, the modification of the restriction in April 2015 was accounted as a modification of share-based compensation. The Group calculated the incremental fair value resulting from the modification and recorded it as share-based compensation over the revised vesting term. A summary of non-vested restricted share activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented below: Outstanding at January 1, 2018 Granted Forfeited Vested Outstanding at December 31, 2018 Number of shares 22,783,582 — — 11,391,791 11,391,791 The Group determined that the non-vested restricted shares are participating securities as the holders of the non-vested restricted shares have a non- forfeitable right to receive dividends with all ordinary shares but the non-vested restricted shares do not have a contractual obligation to fund or otherwise absorb the Group’s losses. See note 23 for details. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded share-based compensation expense of RMB50,842, RMB51,463 and RMB55,311 related to the unvested shares of the Founders respectively. Share options 2015 Share Incentive Plan On October 21, 2015, the Group adopted the 2015 share incentive plan (“2015 Plan”) which consists of a share incentive plan for U.S. service providers (“U.S. Plan”) and a share incentive plan for PRC service providers (“PRC Plan”). The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued under the 2015 Plan is 14,328,358 ordinary shares to be allocated to employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group granted 140,000, nil and nil share options to certain personnel under the US Plan. Those options have an exercise price of US$0.1 per share and vest over four years. 25% of the share options vest on the first anniversary, while the remaining vest 1/3 yearly after each one-year continuous service. The share options expire 10 years from the date of grant. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group granted 925,235, 1,545,688 and nil share options to certain personnel under the PRC Plan. Those options have an exercise price of US$0 per share and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Those options also include an exercise provision whereas shares become exercisable after the closing of an IPO. The Group has recorded nil, nil and RMB40,449 share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 related to such options, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group granted nil, 500,000 and nil share options to certain personnel under the U.S. Plan which were fully vested as of the grant date. Those options have an exercise price range from US$0.79 to US$0.99 per share and expire 10 years from the date of grant. F-41 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT – CONTINUED Share options – continued 2018 Share Incentive Plan In January 2018, The Company adopted the 2018 share incentive plan ("2018 Plan"), commencing on January 1, 2018, which provides additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants to promote the success of the Group’s business. Under the 2018 share incentive plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued initially pursuant to all awards under the 2018 Plan is 9,559,607 ordinary shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. The number of shares reserved for future issuances under the 2018 Plan will be increased by (i) a number equal to 1.0% of the total number of outstanding shares immediately after IPO, or (ii) such number of shares as may be determined by the board of directors, on the first day of each calendar year during the term under 2018 Plan. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group granted 6,988,469 share options to certain personnel under the 2018 Plan. The exercise price of these options is US$0.35 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Group has recorded RMB9,523 share-based compensation expense for such options. The Group calculated the estimated fair value of the options on the respective grant dates using the binomial option pricing model with assistance from independent valuation firms. Assumptions used to determine the fair value of share options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are summarized in the following table: Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Expected life of option (years) Expected dividend yield Fair value per ordinary share (i) Risk-free interest rate 2016 For the years ended December 31, 2017 1.62%-2.85% 46.2% 10 0.0% 7.5 2.2% 49.0% 9.76-10 0.0% 12.56 2018 2.04%-2.83% 36%-52.5% 1-10 0.00% 15.03-16.85 Risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the yield to maturity of China international government bonds with a maturity period close to the contractual term of the options. (ii) Expected life of option (years) Expected life of option (years) represents the expected years to vest the options. (iii) Volatility The volatility of the underlying ordinary shares during the life of the options was estimated based on the historical stock price volatility of comparable listed companies over a period comparable to the contractual term of the options. (iv) Dividend yield The dividend yield was estimated by the Group based on its expected dividend policy over the contractual term of the options. (v) Fair value of underlying ordinary shares During the year ended December 31, 2018, the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares is determined based on the closing market price of the share. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the estimated fair value of ordinary shares as of the respective dates was determined based on a retrospective valuation with the assistance of a third party appraiser. F-42 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT – CONTINUED Share options – continued A summary of the stock option activity under the 2015 and 2018 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2018 is included in the table below. Outstanding at January 1, 2018 Granted Exercised Cancelled and forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2018 The following table summarizes information regarding the share options granted December 31, 2018: Options granted Share Number Weighted average exercise price per option US$ 7,338,559 6,988,469 774,325 209,473 13,343,230 0.16 0.35 0.66 0.15 0.23 Options Outstanding Exercisable Expected to vest December 31, 2018 Weighted- average remaining exercise contractual life (years) Weighted- average exercise price per option US$ Aggregate intrinsic value US$ Options Number 13,343,230 6,582,663 6,760,567 0.23 0.13 0.32 8.38 7.42 9.31 29,776 15,308 14,468 The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 amounted RMB 262, RMB1,695 and RMB6,858, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 was RMB5.67, RMB11.22 and RMB15.12 per share, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded share-based compensation expense of RMB394, RMB4,713 and RMB49,972 for the options granted under the 2015 Plan and 2018 Plan. In January 2018, the Group amended and accelerated the vesting schedule of 6,817,372 previously granted options, which became immediately exercisable. The Group recognized the remaining compensation cost immediately for those shares upon the modification. As of December 31, 2018, there was RMB96,369 of unrecognized compensation expenses for the options. F-43 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT – CONTINUED Restricted Share On October 21, 2015, the Company granted 4,740,777 restricted shares under the U.S. Plan to employees at exercise price of US$0 per share. These shares have a vesting period of four years of employment services with the first one-fourth vesting on the first anniversary from the grant date, and the remaining three-fourth vesting on an annual basis over a three-year period ending on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. The non-vested shares are not transferable and may not be sold or pledged and the holder has no voting or dividend right on the non-vested shares. In the event a non-vested shareholder’s employment for the Company is terminated for any reason prior to the fourth anniversary of the grant date, the holder’s right to the non-vested shares will terminate effectively. The outstanding non-vested shares shall be forfeited and automatically transferred to and reacquired by the Company at nil consideration. The Group recognized compensation expense over the four year service period on a straight line basis. The aggregate fair value of the restricted shares at the grant dates was RMB25,397. The fair values of non-vested shares are measured at the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the grant-date which was RMB5.36 (US$0.84). As of December 31, 2018, there was RMB118 unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 0.04 years. A summary of the restricted share activity for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 is presented below: Outstanding at January 1, 2016 Vested Outstanding at December 31, 2016 Vested Outstanding at December 31, 2017 Cancelled and forfeited Vested Outstanding at December 31, 2018 Restricted Shares 4,378,996 1,150,718 3,228,278 1,150,718 2,077,560 411,930 1,150,718 514,912 During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded compensation expense of RMB6,499, RMB6,611 and RMB3,992 for the restricted shares, respectively. Restricted Stock Units During the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company granted 745,500, 1,700,000 and 658,056 restricted stock units respectively to employees at an exercise price of US$0 per share. These shares have a vesting period of four years of employment services with the first one-fourth vesting on the first anniversary from grant date, and the remaining three-fourth vesting on an annual basis over a three-year period ending on the fourth anniversary of the grant date. The restricted stock units (“RSU”) are not transferable and may not be sold or pledged and the holder has no voting or dividend right on the non-vested shares. In the event a non-vested shareholder’s employment for the Company is terminated for any reason prior to the fourth anniversary of the grant date, the holder’s right to the non-vested shares will terminate effectively. The outstanding restricted stock units shall be forfeited and automatically transferred to and reacquired by the Company at nil consideration. The Group recognized compensation expense over the four year service period on a straight line basis. The aggregate fair value of the restricted stock units at grant dates was RMB41,713. The fair values of non-vested shares are measured at the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the grant-date which were RMB5.96, RMB11.38 and RMB15.87 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded compensation expense of RMB nil, nil and RMB25,434 for the restricted stock units, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there was RMB8,906 unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 3.41 years. The weighted average granted fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were RMB7.5 per RSU, RMB12.54 per RSU and RMB15.75 per RSU. F-44 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT – CONTINUED Restricted Stock Units - continued A summary of the restricted stock units activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented below: Unvested balance at January 1, 2018 Granted Cancelled and forfeited Vested (a) Unvested balance at December 31, 2018 RSUs 2,298,775 658,056 162,750 2,231,168 562,913 (a) In January 2018, the Group amended and accelerated the vesting schedule of 1,700,000 previously granted restricted stock units which became immediately and fully vested. The Group recognized the remaining compensation cost immediate for those restricted stock units upon the modification Total share-based compensation recognized was as follows: General and administrative Research and development Selling and Marketing Cost of revenues Total stock-based compensation expense 18. MAINLAND CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 55,109 2,626 — — 57,735 55,804 6,983 — — 62,787 87,857 42,167 4,271 414 134,709 Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The total provisions for such employee benefits were RMB19,290, RMB24,539 and RMB39,495 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. 19. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS Balance as of January 1, 2017 Addition of noncontrolling interest in connection with acquisition (a) Loss attributed to noncontrolling interest shareholders Balance as of January 1, 2018 Loss attributed to noncontrolling interest shareholders Balance as of December 31, 2018 (a) In July 2017, the Group purchased an additional 22% of Yunding resulting in the Group controlling Yunding with 57% ownership. See Note 3. F-45 Yunding RMB — 2,976 (587) 2,389 (3,726) (1,337) Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 20. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Group is mainly engaged in the business of smart wearable technology development. The Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer of the Group, who reviews financial information of operating segments when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, and is identified on the basis of the internal financial reports that are provided to and regularly reviewed by the Group’s CODM. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group identified two operating segments. Those segments include Xiaomi Wearable Products and Self-branded products and others. The wearable products segment comprise of sales of Xiaomi-branded products. The self- branded products and others segment comprises of self-branded products. Both Xiaomi Wearable Product and Self-branded products and others have been identified as reportable segments. The Group primarily operates in the PRC and substantially all of the Group’s revenue and long-lived assets are located in the PRC. The Group’s CODM evaluates performance based on each reporting segment’s revenue, costs of revenues and gross profit. Revenues, cost of revenues and gross profits by segment are presented below. Separate financial information of operating income by segment is not available. Revenues Cost of revenues Gross Profit Revenues Cost of revenues Gross Profit Revenues Cost of revenues Gross Profit Xiaomi Wearable Products RMB 1,434,136 1,182,646 251,490 For the year ended December 31, 2016 Self-branded products and others RMB 122,340 97,678 24,662 Xiaomi Wearable Products RMB For the year ended December 31, 2017 Self-branded products and others RMB 1,614,512 1,232,792 381,720 434,384 321,402 112,982 Xiaomi Wearable Products RMB For the year ended December 31, 2018 Self-branded products and others RMB 2,439,534 1,883,509 556,025 1,205,801 822,376 383,425 Total RMB 1,556,476 1,280,324 276,152 Total RMB 2,048,896 1,554,194 494,702 Total RMB 3,645,335 2,705,885 939,450 The Group does not evaluate its segment on a fully allocated cost basis nor does the Group keeps track of segment assets separately. F-46 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 21. STATUTORY RESERVES AND RESTRICTED NET ASSETS PRC legal restrictions permit payments of dividends by the Group’s PRC subsidiaries only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC regulations. Prior to payment of dividends, pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC Domestic Enterprises and PRC Foreign Investment Enterprises, the PRC subsidiaries must make appropriations from after-tax profit to non-distributable statutory reserve funds as determined by the Board of Directors of the Group. Subject to certain cumulative limits including until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital, the general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of not less than 10% of after-tax profit (as determined under accounting principles and financial regulations applicable to PRC enterprises at each year-end); These reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. As of December 31, 2015, the company’s profit appropriation made to the reserve fund reached the maximum required amount of 50% of registered capital and amounted to RMB1,509. Accordingly, no additional profit appropriation was made during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. As a result of these PRC laws and regulations, the Group’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or advances. The balance of restricted net assets were RMB154,342, RMB163,350 and RMB153,851 as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. 22. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS Name Xiaomi Communication Technology Co. Ltd.("Xiaomi Communication") Xiaomi Technology Co. Ltd. ("Xiaomi Technology") Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co. Ltd.("Xiaomi Mobile") Guangzhou Xiaomi Information Service Co. Ltd ("Xiaomi Information", together with Xiaomi Communication, Xiaomi Technology, Xiaomi Mobile, as "Xiaomi") Hefei Huaying Xinzhi Fund Partnership.(Limited Partnership)("Huaying Fund") Hangzhou Yunyou Technology Co. Ltd.("Hanzhou Yunyou") (1) Balances: Relationship with the Group Controlled by one of the Company’s shareholders Controlled by one of the Company’s shareholders Controlled by one of the Company’s shareholders Controlled by one of the Company’s shareholders Long-term investee of the Group Significant influence by one of the Company’s shareholders Amount due from related parties: Xiaomi Communication (a) Xiaomi Information (a) Xiaomi Technology (a) Hangzhou Yunyou (b) Others (c) Total F-47 As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 566,732 908 — — 10,814 578,454 631,204 9,727 7,442 5,143 2,883 656,399 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 22. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS – CONTINUED (1) Balances: – continued Amount due to related parties, current: Huaying Fund Xiaomi Mobile (d) Others Total Amount due to related party, non-current: Huaying Fund Total (2) Transactions: Sales to related parties: Xiaomi Communication Xiaomi Information Xiaomi Technology Others Total Others: Loan provided to related parties (b) Investments disposed to a related party (e) As of December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB (3,061) (4,752) (330) (8,143) (3,076) (3,076) — (10,350) (345) (10,695) — — 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 1,448,960 — 711 256 1,449,927 1,773,595 1,318 2,072 1,655 1,778,640 2,798,824 17,859 — 312 2,816,995 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 16,071 — (8,000) 22,047 5,143 3,061 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The amount due from Xiaomi represents receivables from the sales of products and services. In 2018, the group provided a RMB 5,000 loan to Hangzhou Yunyou, with annual interest of 15% and maturing in April 2019. The amount due from others mostly represents the withholding tax receivables from certain management paid by the Group on behalf of them in 2017, which has been collected in 2018. The amount due to Xiaomi Mobile represents the payable expense for cloud service provided by Xiaomi Mobile The Group disposed five long-term investments and one long-term investment to Huaying Fund and recorded RMB284 and RMB31 gain during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. 23. NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group has determined that its convertible redeemable participating preferred shares are participating securities as the preferred shares participate in undistributed earnings on an as-if-converted basis. The holders of the preferred shares are entitled to receive dividends on a pro rata basis, as if their shares had been converted into ordinary shares. The Group determined that the nonvested restricted shares of the founders are participating securities as the holders of the nonvested restricted shares have a nonforfeitable right to receive dividends with all ordinary shares but the nonvested restricted shares do not have a contractual obligation to fund or otherwise absorb the Company’s losses. Accordingly, the Group uses the two class method of computing net loss per share, for ordinary shares, nonvested restricted shares and preferred shares according to the participation rights in undistributed earnings. F-48 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 23. NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE – CONTINUED However, undistributed loss is only allocated to ordinary shareholders because holders of preferred shares and nonvested restricted shares are not contractually obligated to share losses. Basic net income per share calculation Numerator: Net income for the year attributable to the Company: Less: Accretion of Series A Shares Less: Accretion of Series B-1 Shares Less: Accretion of Series B-2 Shares Less: Deemed dividend to preferred shareholders Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to Series A preferred shareholders Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to Series B-1 preferred shareholders Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to Series B-2 preferred shareholders Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating nonvested restricted shares Net (loss)/income attributed to ordinary shareholders for computing net (loss)/income per ordinary shares—basic Denominator: Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss)/income per ordinary shares – basic Net (loss)/income per ordinary share attributable to ordinary shareholders—basic Diluted net (loss)/income per share calculation Net (loss)/income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing net (loss)/income per ordinary shares—basic Add: adjustments to undistributed earnings to participating securities Net (loss) income attributed to ordinary shareholders for computing net (loss) income per ordinary shares—basic Denominator: Weighted average ordinary shares basic outstanding Effect of potentially diluted stock options, restricted stocks and RSUs Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding used in computing net (loss) income per ordinary shares—dilute Net (loss) income per ordinary share attributable to ordinary shareholders—diluted F-49 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 23,946 3,209 2,738 30,121 — — — — 167,682 3,762 3,127 34,382 — 48,753 1,361 14,220 340,046 177 368 4,049 209,752 4,521 126 1,319 — 15,957 6,244 (12,122) 46,120 113,490 55,612,626 67,777,592 211,873,704 (0.22) 0.68 0.54 (12,122) — 46,120 3,519 113,490 648 (12,122) 49,639 114,138 55,612,626 — 67,777,592 8,514,309 211,873,704 13,160,946 55,612,626 76,291,901 225,034,650 (0.22) 0.65 0.51 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) 23. NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE – CONTINUED For the year ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the following shares outstanding were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss)/income per ordinary shares, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive for the year presented: Shares issuable upon exercise of share options, restricted stocks and RSUs Shares issuable upon vesting of nonvested restricted shares Shares issuable upon conversion of Series A shares Shares issuable upon conversion of Series B-1 shares Shares issuable upon conversion of Series B-2 shares 24. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Lease commitments 2016 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 11,891,695 34,175,372 71,641,792 2,000,000 20,895,523 12,683,366 23,450,173 71,641,792 2,000,000 20,895,523 705,407 11,657,620 — — — Future minimum payments under lease commitments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows: 2019 2020 2021 and after Capital commitments RMB 16,333 6,648 3,171 26,152 As of December 31, 2017, the group had a future minimum capital commitment for the purchase a building which amounted to RMB423,441. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the agreement was cancelled. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Group entered into a five-year rental agreement for the use of this building. F-50 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB” and U.S. dollars (“US$”)) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Term deposit Prepaid expenses and other current assets Amount due from related parties Total current assets Investments in subsidiaries Total assets Liabilities Current liabilities: Accrued expense and other current liabilities Amount due to related parties Total current liabilities Total liabilities Mezzanine equity Series A convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series A Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 71,641,792 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31,2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB24,870 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Series B-1 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series B-1 Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB33,188 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Series B-2 convertible redeemable participating preferred shares (“Series B-2 Preferred Shares”) (US$0.0001 par value; 20,895,523 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; liquidation value of RMB364,145 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Total mezzanine equity Equity Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 405,462,685 and nil shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively; 91,304,327 and nil shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Class A Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; nil and 9,800,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018; nil and 57,303,093 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Class B Ordinary shares(US$0.0001 par value; nil and 200,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2017 and 2018; nil and 184,376,679 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Additional paid-in capital Accumulated retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Total equity Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and equity 2017 RMB For the years ended December 31, 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 34,470 — 14,284 101,624 150,378 435,085 585,463 10,070 — 10,070 10,070 458,371 96,969 3,782 314,658 873,780 963,064 1,836,844 4,564 21,365 25,929 25,929 26,770 — 26,906 — 295,942 349,618 — — 56 — — 36 66,667 14,104 550 45,765 127,086 140,072 267,158 664 3,107 3,771 3,771 — — — — — 5 — 72,427 131,192 22,100 225,775 585,463 115 1,373,577 340,046 97,141 1,810,915 1,836,844 17 199,779 49,457 14,129 263,387 267,158 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. F-51 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB” and U.S. dollars (“US$”)) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Cost Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling and marketing General and administrative expenses Research and development Total operating expenses Operating loss Interest Income Equity in earnings of subsidiaries and VIEs Net income For the year ended December 31, 2016 RMB 2017 RMB 2018 RMB — — — 54,916 2,626 57,542 (57,542) — 81,488 23,946 — — — 57,898 6,984 64,882 (64,882) — 232,564 167,682 414 414 4,271 99,881 42,167 146,319 (146,733) 2,185 484,594 340,046 2018 US$ (Note2) 60 60 621 14,528 6,133 21,282 (21,342) 318 70,481 49,457 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. F-52 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB” and U.S. dollars (“US$”)) except for number of shares and per share data, or otherwise noted) Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Foreign currency translation adjustment Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments and others, (net of tax effect of nil, RMB 1,554 and nil for years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively) Comprehensive income attributable to Huami Corporation For the years ended December 31, 2016 RMB 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 23,946 167,682 340,046 49,457 5,262 (3,175) 75,041 10,914 303 29,511 9,484 173,991 — 415,087 — 60,371 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. F-53 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (Amounts in thousands of Renminbi (“RMB”) and U.S. dollars (“US$”), except share and share related data, or otherwise noted) Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net income Equity in earnings of subsidiaries Share-based compensation Changes in operating assets and liabilities Prepaid expenses and other current assets Accrued expense and other current liabilities Amount due to a related party Net Cash provided by (used in) Operating Activities Cash Flow from Investing Activities Amount due from related parties Investment in subsidiaries Purchase of term deposits Maturity of term deposits Proceed received from loan to third parties Loans provided to third party Net Cash (used in) provided by Investing Activities Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net proceeds from initial public offering Exercise of share options Payment for repurchase of ordinary shares Net Cash provided by Financing Activities Net decrease in cash and cash equivalent Effect of exchange rate changes Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year For the years ended December 31, 2016 RMB 2017 RMB 2018 RMB 2018 US$ (Note2) 23,946 (81,488) 57,736 — 2 — 196 (122,728) (2,400) — — — — (125,128) — 24 — 24 (124,908) 5,565 159,861 40,518 167,682 (232,564) 62,787 (14,284) 10,043 (8,500) (14,836) 21,646 (9,772) — — — — 11,874 — 89 — 89 (2,873) (3,175) 40,518 34,470 340,046 (484,594) 134,709 8,625 (5,507) 4,489 (2,232) (196,158) (10,056) (385,028) 288,771 3,578 (2,406) (301,299) 657,062 3,486 (8,157) 652,391 348,860 75,041 34,470 458,371 49,457 (70,481) 19,592 1,255 (801) 653 (325) (28,530) (1,463) (56,000) 42,000 521 (349) (43,821) 95,566 506 (1,186) 94,886 50,740 10,914 5,013 66,667 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statement. F-54 Table of Contents HUAMI CORPORATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION-FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE I FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY NOTES OF THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENT 1. BASIS FOR PREPARATION The condensed financial information of the Company has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Group’s consolidated financial statements except that the Company has used the equity method to account for investments in its subsidiaries and VIEs. 2. CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION Translations of balances in condensed financial information of parent company balance sheets, statements of operations statements of comprehensive income and statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ as of and during the year ended December 31, 2018 is solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB6.8755, representing the rate as certified by the statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of United States on December 31, 2018. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into U.S. dollar at that rate on December 31, 2018, or at any other rate 3. INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES AND VIEs The Company and its subsidiaries and VIEs were included in the consolidated financial statements where the intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated upon consolidation. For purpose of the Company’s standalone financial statements, its investments in subsidiaries and VIEs were reported using the equity method of accounting. The Company’s share of income and losses from its subsidiaries and VIEs were reported as equity in earnings of subsidiaries and VIEs in the accompanying parent company financial statements. 4. INCOME TAXES The Company is a Cayman Islands company, therefore, is not subjected to income taxes for all years presented. F-55 List of Principal Subsidiaries and Consolidated Variable Interest Entities of Huami Corporation Exhibit 8.1 Principal Subsidiaries Huami, Inc. Rill, Inc. Huami HK Limited Beijing Shunyuan Kaihua Technology Co., Ltd. Anhui Huami Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Huami (Shenzhen) Information Technology Co., Ltd. Consolidated Variable Interest Entities Huami (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd. Anhui Huami Information Technology Co., Ltd. Principal Subsidiaries of Consolidated Variable Interest Entities Anhui Huami Healthcare Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Yunding Information Technology Co., Ltd. Place of Incorporation United States United States Hong Kong People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China Place of Incorporation People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China Place of Incorporation People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China EXHIBIT 12.1 I, Wang Huang, certify that: Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Huami Corporation (the “Company”); Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the Company and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) Date: April 12, 2019 All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Wang Huang By: Name: Wang Huang Title: Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 12.2 I, David Cui, certify that: Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Huami Corporation (the “Company”); Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the Company and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) Date: April 12, 2019 All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ David Cui By: Name: David Cui Title: Chief Financial Officer Certification by the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 EXHIBIT 13.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Huami Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Wang Huang, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: April 12, 2019 /s/ Wang Huang By: Name: Wang Huang Title: Chief Executive Officer Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 EXHIBIT 13.2 In connection with the Annual Report of Huami Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David Cui, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: April 12, 2019 /s/ David Cui By: Name: David Cui Title: Chief Financial Officer CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No.333-226665 on Form S-8 of our report dated April 12, 2019 relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Huami Corporation, its subsidiaries, its consolidated variable interest entities (the “VIEs”) and its VIEs’ subsidiaries (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes explanatory paragraphs relating to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification 606 and the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts) appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Huami Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2018. EXHIBIT 15.1 /s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP Beijing, the People’s Republic of China April 12, 2019 EXHIBIT 15.2 April 12, 2019 Huami Corporation Building H8, No. 2800, Chuangxin Road Hefei, 230088 People’s Republic of China Dear Sir/Madam: We hereby consent to the reference of our name under the headings the headings “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” in Huami Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “Annual Report”), which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof, and further consent to the incorporation by reference, in Huami Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-226665), of the summary of our opinion under the headings “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure” in the Annual Report. We also consent to the filing of this consent letter with the SEC as an exhibit to the Annual Report. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder. Very truly yours, /s/ Zhong Lun Law Firm 

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