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i3 Energy Plc

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FY2017 Annual Report · i3 Energy Plc
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Registration number: 10699593

i3 Energy plc

Annual Report and Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

Contents of the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Highlights and Outlook

Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s Statement 

Strategic Report

Board of Directors

Directors’ Report

Corporate Governance Statement

Independent Auditor’s Report

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Company Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

Company Statement of Cash Flow

Notes to the Financial Statements

Corporate Information

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i3 Energy plc 

Highlights and Outlooks

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

2017 HIGHLIGHTS
• 

Successfully completed a private placement raising £4.2m through Convertible Loan Notes before expenses to fund Liberator 
front-end engineering and design, project management, site survey, environmental statement development, and general corporate 
purposes

• 

Remained focused on the safe and efficient development of the Liberator field:

o  Worked with the supply chain on development design and engineering

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

 Continued to advance proposals with the suppliers regarding the provision of a rig, well services, and well services project 
management related to the development of Liberator

 Positively engaged the Blake field partners regarding Liberator offtake terms across the producing Blake infrastructure, with 
feasibility and engineering studies commissioned and completed

 Conducted a site survey over multiple areas and completed an environmental statement for two development drill centres at 
Liberator

Submitted the Liberator Field Development Plan (“FDP”) to the UK Oil & Gas Authority (“OGA”)

Received a reclassification and upgrade of Liberator resources to 11.7MMboe

 2P Reserves with pre-tax net present value, discounted at 10%, of US$328 million

• 

• 

• 

Admitted i3 Energy plc to the Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”) of the London Stock Exchange with first day of dealings 
on 25th July 2017

Appointed David Knox as Non-executive Chairman and welcomed Richard Ames and Majid Shafiq as Non-executive Directors

Assessed several North Sea asset opportunities

o 

o 

o 

Purchased seismic covering 830 km2 across multiple blocks

 Submitted firm-well bid application and arranged appraisal well funding for high-impact acreage in the UK’s 30th Offshore 
Licensing Round

 Engaged AGR Tracs International Limited (“AGR”) to conduct an independent assessment of i3’s 30th Round application 
target with the resulting report attributing 22MMBO 2C Mid-case Contingent Resources and 47MMBO Mid-case Prospective 
Resources to the asset

• 

Continued to explore numerous funding options to develop Liberator including accessing equity and debt capital markets, joint 
venture partnering and supply chain financing

o 

o 

o 

 Received non-binding terms from UK-based lenders for a US$25 million credit facility for Liberator development funding

 Arranged and entered into a financing agreement with an i3 investor to fund the Company’s 30th Round work commitment 
(c. US$14 million appraisal well and seismic programme)

 Advanced Joint Venture discussions with multiple industrial partners relating to i3’s Liberator development and 30th Round 
target,  with  indicative  commercial  interest  received  for  a  full  carry  on  a  multi-well  development  with  potential  capital 
commitment estimated to be US$200 million.

POST PERIOD AND OUTLOOK
On 31st January 2018 the Company announced that it had raised £2.57 million through the placing of 8,563,630 new ordinary shares 
in the capital of the Company to new and existing investors at an issue price of 30 pence per share, representing a 0.4% premium to the 
30-day average for the week ending 26th January 2018. The proceeds of the funding are being used towards prerequisite engineering, 
trees and wellheads for the Liberator development, and general corporate purposes.

On  6th  February  2018  the  Company  amended  the  terms  of  certain  outstanding  zero-coupon  unsecured  convertible  loan  notes.  The 
amended loan instrument replaced an existing loan note instrument dated 17th July 2017 and the principal amendments were detailed in 
the Company’s news release dated 6th February 2018.

On  2nd  March  2018,  20th  March  2018,  and  25th  May  2018  the  Company  announced  that,  in  relation  to  the  amended  Loan  Note 
Agreement as announced 6th February 2018, it received notices of exercise from James Caird Asset Management (“JCAM”) to convert 
part of the loan with an aggregate par value of US$1,500,000, into shares. Following the conversions the value outstanding on the loan 
was US$1,000,000. The Company allotted 3,368,728 ordinary shares to JCAM which rank pari passu in all respects with the existing 
ordinary  shares.  Following  Admission  of  these  shares,  the  Company’s  enlarged  issued  share  capital  was  comprised  of  37,623,250 
ordinary shares.

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i3 Energy plc 

Highlights and Outlooks

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

On 23rd May 2018 the Company announced it had been awarded its sole 30th Offshore Licensing Round application target, Block 
13/23c  (123  km2),  on  a  100%  interest  basis.  Block  13/23c  contains  a  material  extension  of  the  Liberator  field,  referred  to  by  i3  as 
Liberator  West,  with  further  prospectivity  identified  by  the  Company  outside  the  Liberator  trend.  The  award  delivers  a  significant 
increase in i3’s combined Reserve & Resource Base, now totalling an independently verified 80MMBO.

The Company’s focus for the remainder of 2018 will be on 4 key areas:

1 

2 

3 

4 

Continued advancement of a safe and robust Liberator development with targeted first oil in 2019.

 Target a high-impact 2018 appraisal programme on the Company’s 30th Round Award Block 13/23c (Liberator West).

Efficient funding of the Company’s development and appraisal efforts, with a focus on joint venture partnerships.

 The sourcing and capture of accretive development and production assets, and consideration of transactions that enhance 
capital efficiency.

The  Company  continuously  evaluates  opportunities  to  strengthen  its  balance  sheet  whilst  maintaining  tight  control  of  its  costs  and 
working capital position.

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i3 Energy plc 

Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s Statement

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

CHAIRMAN’S AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT
2017 was a landmark year for i3 Energy.

We were delighted to complete our acquisition of the Liberator oil field on 28th December 2016 from Dana Petroleum as it furnished i3 
with a high-quality, low-cost development opportunity, and a strong foundation for growth. Development activities started immediately 
and following successful delivery of early milestones and subsequent upgrading of Liberator’s reserves, i3 Energy will be well placed 
to deliver first oil in 2019 upon the completion of certain funding initiatives currently being undertaken by the team.

A  successful  issue  of  loan  notes  was  made  in  early  2017  and  with  a  subsequent  conversion  to  ordinary  share  capital,  i3  was  able 
to  conclude  its  admission  to  AIM  in  July.  This  was  a  significant  achievement  for  the  Company,  providing  us  with  greater  funding 
flexibility for both Liberator and our future growth plans. The first step of that growth was taken in November 2017 when we made a 
firm-well bid application for highly attractive acreage in the UK’s 30th Offshore Licensing Round. The Board and management team 
were thrilled to be awarded the Company’s sole 30th Round application target, Block 13/23c (Liberator West), on 23rd May 2018. 
With the addition of Liberator West, i3 has seen an independently verified increase from its previous 2P Reserves base of 11MMBO, to 
80MMBO of combined reserves, contingent and prospective resources, post the award.

Successful funding and AIM listing
During the early part of 2017 and on the back of the Liberator acquisition, we were pleased to issue approximately £4.2 million of 
convertible loan notes through a private placement. We then positioned ourselves for a concurrent IPO and listing to AIM. A softening 
in commodity prices during that period combined with a backdrop of numerous other factors prevented us from attaining the necessary 
commitment  levels  required  to  fully  fund  the  Liberator  development  and,  as  such,  i3  did  not  raise  additional  capital  at  that  time. 
However, a majority of i3’s Loan Noteholders agreed to convert their Notes to ordinary share capital in the Company, permitting us to 
conclude our admission to AIM. i3 Energy plc began trading on 25th July with circa 25.7 million shares in issuance, with Management 
and Board holding 65%. Listing the Company was crucial to preserving the option to conduct future fundraising from capital markets 
on our timing and when market conditions were more favourable.

Post year-end, the Company raised a further £2.57 million through the placing of approximately 8.6 million shares in the capital of the 
Company to new and existing investors. Additionally, an election by an existing investor to a partial conversion of their Loan Notes 
into shares has resulted in the issuance of a further 3.37 million shares such that the Company’s current enlarged issued share capital 
comprises circa 37.6 million ordinary shares.

The proceeds of the funding have to-date been used towards engineering and development costs for Liberator, and for general corporate 
purposes. The Company continues to explore all potential funding avenues including, but not limited to, joint venture partnering, capital 
markets, debt facilities, and vendor financing.

Early development milestones met, and good progress made towards Liberator first oil
Preliminary work to develop Liberator started in early 2017. This work had several components: progression of the technical definition 
of the Liberator Project including studies for a tie-in (with associated commercial arrangements) to the nearby producing Blake and 
Ross facilities operated by Repsol Sinopec Resources UK Limited (RSRUK), pre-ordering of long lead items required for the drilling 
of two development wells, and advancement of a Field Development Plan with the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA). This work continues 
to progress with the programme on track to deliver first oil from Liberator in 2019. Key highlights included:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Engagement with the Blake and Ross operator, RSRUK. Host engineering studies to accommodate the introduction and 
processing  of  Liberator  fluids  have  been  largely  completed.  These  studies  will  confirm  the  technical  requirements  and 
construction  schedule,  enabling  final  engineering  design  to  be  completed  and  commercial  arrangements  for  an  offtake 
agreement to be finalised.

Completion of a site survey and pipeline route sampling operations over two areas close to the Liberator field that have been 
identified as potential development drill centres.

Sourcing of necessary equipment and services to conduct the Liberator drilling campaign, with time-critical components 
procured to avoid potential schedule disruption.

Submission of the Environmental Statement addressing potential environmental impacts from the Liberator development.

At the request of the OGA, submission of the Liberator Field Development Plan following a peer review by their technical 
team.

We strongly believe that projects such as Liberator – yet to be developed satellites near later life but well-maintained infrastructure – are 
a prime example of the type of collaboration that’s required now and in the future between smaller operators and large infrastructure 
owners to maximise economic recovery in the UK and that this development closely adheres to the guidance given by the OGA in that 
regard. We are therefore pleased with the progress made with RSRUK.

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i3 Energy plc 

Chairman’s and Chief Executive’s Statement

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Significant upgrade and reclassification of Liberator reserves
As part of the AIM Admission Document, i3 Energy engaged Gaffney, Cline & Associates (GCA) as its Competent Person to opine on 
the hydrocarbon resources in the Liberator field. Their assessment was that the 2C Contingent Resources attributed to the on-licence 
portion of Liberator was 9.4MMboe, producing a pre-tax net present value, discounted at 10%, of US$249 million.

In  the  fourth  quarter,  following  further  technical  and  commercial  progress  on  the  Liberator  field,  we  commissioned  AGR  TRACS 
International Limited (“AGR”) as a Competent Person to provide an updated Reserves Report over Liberator. In summary, the Reserves 
Report reclassified the 2C Resources to 2P Reserves and increased the recoverable volume to 11.7MMboe. The pre-tax net present 
value, discounted at 10%, is now US$328 million.

The  i3  team  is  extremely  encouraged  by  this  assessment  and  believe  it  is  a  testament  to  the  quality  of  the  Liberator  field  and  our 
continued progression of the Liberator development.

Fully-funded application submitted for highly attractive asset in the UK’s 30th Offshore Licensing Round
In  November  2017,  i3  applied  for  strategic  acreage  in  the  UK’s  30th  Offshore  Licensing  Round  on  a  100%  basis.  Our  confidence 
in  bidding  a  firm  well  commitment  had  followed  an  extensive  evaluation  of  seismic  and  well  data  by  our  technical  team.  The  bid 
was underpinned by a funding agreement entered into between the Company and an existing investor, post their engagement of an 
independent third-party to conduct due diligence on i3’s current and potential asset portfolio.

In advance of its bid, i3 also commissioned AGR to independently assess the target opportunity and the resulting Resources Report 
indicates that the main target contains recoverable Contingent Resources of 22MMBO with a 70% chance of commercial success due to 
the low risk nature of the discovery, reservoir properties, oil quality, and proximity to infrastructure. A further opportunity exists in the 
bid acreage with potential recoverable Prospective Resources of 47MMBO to which AGR attributes a 56% chance of success.

On 23rd May 2018, the OGA announced that i3 had been awarded Block 13/23c during the UK’s 30th Offshore Licensing Round. We 
believe that this highly attractive asset is material to the Company and can be rapidly appraised and thereafter brought into production. 
The award of this acreage marks i3’s first step to further grow the Company and demonstrates our belief that attractive opportunities 
remain accessible within the UK North Sea.

Disciplined management of cash resources
During the year ended 31 December 2017, the Company incurred a net loss of £2,935,692 (31 December 2016 – net loss of £404,834). 
The majority of the loss resulted from the Company’s ongoing development of its Liberator asset and consisted of expenses relating to 
i3 Energy plc’s AIM listing, expenses relating to day-to-day operations, and accrued interest in relation to i3’s Loan Notes.

A  total  of  £4,195,869  (before  expenses)  was  raised  during  2017  through  the  private  placement  of  Loan  Notes,  with  the  proceeds 
being used to fund Liberator engineering, offtake studies, project management, environmental statement, site survey, FDP and general 
corporate purposes.

Moving forward, we will continue to tightly manage our existing cash resources, which stood at £628,389 at the end of December 
2017 (before the placement of new shares subsequent to year-end), as we progress the funding and development of an asset that has the 
potential to deliver substantial shareholder value.

Outlook
2017 was a landmark year for us. Significant progress was made towards our goal of delivering material returns through the development 
of high-quality, low-cost, deliverable assets. We are now poised to make major steps in the Liberator development whilst continuing to 
pursue growth opportunities beyond our existing portfolio. The continuing increase in commodity prices will help to support both the 
value of Liberator and the commerciality of other satellite developments which will remain a focus of our future strategy.

We would like to offer our thanks to i3 Energy’s team. Each member continues to work at a reduced salary while demonstrating great 
commitment  to  our  shareholders  as  they  work  under  the  ever-present  constraints  placed  upon  a  start-up  oil  and  gas  venture.  With 
ingenuity, creativity and energy they diligently work to advance the Company and its developments.

We also extend thanks and gratitude to our shareholders for their continued support, appreciating the patience and steadfastness required 
to endure value creation during the early stages of our venture. We’ve found ourselves better positioned this year than last and are 
looking ahead with great expectation.

David Knox
Non-Executive Chairman
31 May 2018

Neill Carson
Chief Executive Officer
31 May 2018

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i3 Energy plc 

Strategic Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Strategic Report

Business Review and Strategy
2017 saw good progress towards development of the Liberator Field with the following achievements enabling the Company to be well-
positioned for an early final development decision and subsequent first oil in 2019.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Near completion of the host engineering studies to confirm the technical requirements and construction schedule for the 
introduction and processing of Liberator fluids.

Completion of a site survey and pipeline route sampling operations over two areas close to the Liberator field for drill centre 
placement.

Sourcing of equipment and services for the Liberator drilling campaign, with long-lead items procured.

Submission of the Environmental Statement addressing potential environmental impacts from the Liberator development.

Submission, at the request of OGA, of the Liberator Field Development Plan following a peer review by their technical team.

Later in the year the Company applied for acreage in the UK’s 30th Offshore Licensing Round on a 100% basis. This marked the first 
step in the Company’s growth beyond its current portfolio.

The Company’s strategy is founded on:

• 

• 

Pursuit of high quality assets where cycle, situation or geography offer disproportionate opportunity.

Purchase of producing or discovered resources where opportunities exist to extract and add value through technical excellence 
and beneficial financing.

•  Maximize shareholder value during times of cyclical strength and market sentiment, remaining equally strategic when large 

valuation gaps exist.

• 

Actively participate in production and development partnerships to optimise operations, mitigate delivery risk and enhance 
project value.

The acquisition of Liberator was based on these criteria and the progress made during 2017 has further demonstrated that additional 
value can be unlocked.

The strong focus on Maximising Economic Recovery (“MER”) led by the Oil and Gas Authority (“OGA”) has enhanced the prospectivity 
of the UKCS with greater opportunity to quickly and economically develop relatively small satellites. These are often opportunities 
overlooked by larger companies which may offer significant value to shareholders if managed at the right investment level and across 
the right timescale. Similar opportunities were made available during the 30th Offshore Licensing Round.

Critical to success is the right level of experience within the Company. i3 Energy’s Board and Executive team is especially well placed 
in that regard with the management team having 300 years of experience, mainly focused on the UK North Sea but with significant 
exposure to other basins. This experience will allow the Company to develop its core business in the UK while looking further afield to 
diversify risk and capitalise on opportunities where the Company’s skillsets can create additional shareholder value.

Key Operating and Financial Risks
The Company operates in the oil and gas industry which is an environment subject to a range of inherent risks and uncertainties. The 
current focus of the Company’s risk management processes is in the regulatory, financial and growth areas for the Company but as the 
Company evolves this will shift towards a greater focus on the full range of operational risks.

The current key risks and associated mitigation are set out below.

Key Risk

 Mitigation

Sub-surface assessment and reserve, resource estimation

Ability to raise funds

Access to UKCS third party infrastructure at appropriate cost

• 

• 

• 

• 

Experienced sub-surface professionals with deep knowledge 
of the UKCS and different play types.
External assessments and development of Competent Persons 
Reports.

Admission to AIM, capital markets access and potential loan 
arrangements provide avenues for future funding requirements.
Discussions with industry partners ongoing.

Experienced technical and commercial professionals.

• 
•  Working with OGA to ensure consistent application of MER 

and the Infrastructure Code of Practice (ICOP).

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i3 Energy plc 

Strategic Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Commodity price volatility

•  With no production, there is no current exposure to commodity 

Health, Safety, Environment and Security

Loss of Liberator license and/or failure to secure new licences 
in the UKCS

Availability and delivery of growth opportunities

Adverse taxation and legislative changes

Staff retention and access to future skills

Balancing Liberator pre-development activities and other growth 
initiatives with available funds 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

price volatility.
Planning based on a range of commodity prices.
Future  price  mitigation  strategies  at  the  point  of  investment 
including the possibility of hedging if appropriate. 

Integrated  Management  System  (IMS)  set  up  to  ensure  all 
regulatory  requirements  are  met,  appropriate  training  is  in 
place and compliance verified.
IT security is ensured through an external service provider.

Strong focus on meeting the Liberator license stipulations.
Good  availability  of  prospective  licences  made  available  by 
OGA. Strong focus on quality and competitiveness of license 
applications.

Engagement  with  a  range  of  advisors  and  active  competitor 
monitoring provide a range of opportunities for screening.
Experienced  professionals  spanning  key  disciplines  screen 
and fully assess opportunities.
Extension  of  focus  area  beyond  the  UKCS  to  provide 
additional opportunities and diversification of risk.

Appropriate tax planning and support to industry bodies.
Extension of focus area beyond the UKCS to diversify risk.

Strong  alignment  to  Company  success  through  significant 
equity ownership and options held by key employees.
Remuneration  Committee  set  up  to  provide  governance  and 
ensure market competitiveness.

Disciplined management of cash resources
Equity  funding  provided  sufficient  resources  to  progress 
Liberator pre-development
Full  range  of  fund  raising  initiatives  (equity,  debt,  supply 
chain, industry joint venture partners) available once growth 
options are triggered

It should be noted that the risks set out above are not exhaustive and it is likely that the risks identified will evolve and that additional 
risks will arise in the future. Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on the business.

Cash Resources
As at 31 December 2017, the Group had approximately £628,389 of cash in the bank. Management continues to remain lean and cost 
efficient while it continues to develop the Liberator Field.

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
During 2017, to facilitate its development of the Liberator asset, the Company incurred a loss of £2,935,692 comprised of day-to-day 
operating expenses, accrued interest in relation to i3’s Loan Notes and expenses relating the Company’s AIM listing.

Financing
In early 2018, the Company raised approximately £2.57 million through a share issuance from which the proceeds will be used toward 
prerequisite engineering, trees and wellheads for the Liberator development and general corporate purposes.

Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”)
As an early stage company, the Board does not deem industry benchmarked KPIs an appropriate measure of performance. I3 is now 
developing an appropriate list of KPIs to measure corporate and individual performance.

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i3 Energy plc 

Board of Directors

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The directors of the company who were in office during the year and up to the date of signing the financial statements were:

David Knox
Non-Executive Chairman
Mr. David Knox, BSc (Hons) Mech Eng, MBA, FIEAust, FTSE, GAICD, served as the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director 
of Santos Limited from 2008 to 2015, after joining the company in 2007 as the Executive Vice President of Growth Businesses. Mr. 
Knox  has  global  experience  in  the  Petroleum  Industry.  Joining  Santos  in  2007,  he  was  responsible  for  growth  of  new  businesses 
including Geoscience and New Ventures, Indonesia and other strategic projects. Prior to Santos, Mr. Knox served as the Managing 
Director of BP Exploration and Production in Australasia, having previously held management and engineering roles at BP, ARCO and 
Shell across Australia, United Kingdom, Pakistan, United States, the Netherlands and Norway. He served as Director of Santos, the 
Santos Group Companies, and Santos Finance until November 2015. He was also an Executive Member of the Australian Petroleum 
Industry  Peak  Body,  and  the  Australian  Petroleum  Production  and  Exploration  Association  (APPEA).  Originally  from  Edinburgh, 
Scotland. Mr. Knox holds a first-class honours degree in Mechanical Engineering from Edinburgh University and a Masters of Business 
Administration from the University of Strathclyde. Mr. Knox has also been a director on the board of the Botanic Gardens and State 
Herbarium in South Australia, a director of the Adelaide Festival, a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mechanical Engineering and 
also a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences ATSE. He is currently a Director of the Commonwealth Science and Industry 
Research Organisation, deputy chair of the Economic Development Board of South Australia and chair of The Australasian Centre for 
Social Innovation. Mr. Knox has also been a director of Redflow Limited since March 2017.

Neill Carson
Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Carson has 31 years of management and international project experience in the oil & gas industry. On completion of his Bachelors 
(with First Class Honours) and Master degrees in the geosciences from Ulster University and Birmingham University respectively, he 
joined Amoco in 1981. During his 14 years with Amoco he was responsible for numerous exploration and production projects within 
the UKCS. His international career widened through exploration management positions for BP Amoco in the Netherlands, Bolivia, 
and Pakistan. As Performance Unit Leader for BP Pakistan, Mr. Carson was responsible for the delivery and growth of approximately 
12,000 boe/day and capital budgets in excess of  US$50m.  Through his  career with  BP Amoco, Mr. Carson  executed growth  plans 
through successful oil and gas discoveries, and the development and management of commercial portfolios. He contributed as a select 
member of a targeted team to BP’s world-wide new venture screening initiative in 2003. In early 2004, Mr. Carson co-founded Ithaca 
Energy Inc. (‘‘Ithaca’’) where he served as its President and a Director from April 2004 and acted as Chief Operating Officer until late 
2007. While at Ithaca, Mr. Carson was responsible for asset acquisitions, all aspects of operations and safety, general corporate strategy, 
and the drilling of four successful oil wells. Across his 4 years with Ithaca, the portfolio grew to 39MMboe of 2P reserves and was 
on plan to deliver 8,000 boe/day of production. Mr. Carson founded Iona Energy Inc. (‘‘Iona’’) in late 2007 where he served as Chief 
Executive Officer until his departure in mid 2014 to form i3. Responsible for all aspects of corporate strategy and portfolio development, 
he grew Iona to 40MMboe of 2P reserves and saw peak production of 6,700 boe/day.

Graham Heath
Chief Financial Officer
Prior to co-founding i3 in late 2014, Mr. Heath served as VP Corporate Development and later as Interim CFO at Iona Energy from 
December  2010  alongside  Mr.  Carson.  During  his  time  at  Iona,  Mr.  Heath  worked  with  the  senior  management  team  to  build  the 
company from infancy to 40MMboe of 2P reserves and production above 6,000 boe/day, listing the company on the Toronto Venture 
Exchange, and structuring equity, debt, and derivative financings in excess of US$670 million. As VP Corporate Development he was a 
proactive engager of all external stakeholders and as Interim CFO led a finance and administration team that expanded internal financial 
controls while improving quarter-on-quarter quality and delivery of financial reporting. Before joining Iona, Mr. Heath’s 14 year career 
focused  on  energy-related  tech  startups  and  consulting  within  Alberta’s  Oil  and  Gas  Industry.  Between  1998  and  2010,  Mr.  Heath 
consulted to Colt Engineering, PanCanadian Petroleum, EnCana Corporation and Cenovus Energy. From 2002 to 2006, Mr. Heath was 
Cofounder and VP of Strategic Development for The CO2 Hub – a marketplace created to facilitate the sale and purchase of carbon 
dioxide and its related purification, compression, storage, and transportation services – designed to foster the aggregation of CO2 supply 
and demand for its use in enhanced oil recovery. Mr. Heath holds a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Calgary.

Majid Shafiq
Non-Executive Director
Mr. Majid Shafiq has 29 years of technical and investment banking experience focused on the global E&P sector. Prior to founding 
Argentil Capital Partners (UK) Limited as CEO in 2015, Majid spent twelve years in energy investment banking advising on asset 
level  acquisitions  and  divestments,  corporate  M&A  and  equity  financing  for  the  private  and  public,  small  to  mid-cap  oil  and  gas 
sector. During that time, he worked for Waterous and Co, Tristone Capital Ltd and latterly with FirstEnergy Capital LLP as Managing 
Director,  Corporate  Finance.  Prior  to  his  investment  banking  career,  he  worked  for  Mobil  Oil  Corporation  for  13  years  in  various 

8

i3 Energy plc 

Board of Directors

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

petroleum engineering and commercial roles in the UK and the Netherlands. Majid holds a Bachelors degree in Nuclear Engineering 
from  Manchester  University,  a  Masters  degree  in  Petroleum  Engineering  from  Heriot-Watt  University  and  an  MBA  from  London 
Business School.

Richard Ames
Non-Executive Director
Mr. Richard Ames brings to the Board 34 years of broad range experience in the oil and gas industry with senior executive roles in full-
cycle oil and gas exploration and production, information technology and oil and gas services. He has held several Vice President positions 
in TNK-BP, Sidanco, and Amoco in Russia & Kazakhstan, where he was responsible for government liaison, the implementation of 
business strategies and the management of exploration and new venture projects. He has recently held Board and Advisory Board of 
Director positions in Iona, Accenture Russia, the Kiawah Conservancy, and DataSpace. Mr. Ames graduated from Duke University with 
a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology, and from the University of Georgia with a Master of Science in Geology. He joined Amoco 
in 1981 and worked as a geologist responsible for reserve definition in several international petroleum basins including the North Sea.

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i3 Energy plc 

Directors’ Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT
The Directors are please to present this year’s annual report together with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2017.

Principal Activities
The principal activities of the Group consist of the development and production of oil and gas in the UK North Sea. The Company’s 
wholly-owned subsidiary, i3 Energy North Sea Limited, is an independent oil and gas company with assets in the UK. The Company’s 
principal activity is that of a listed holding company.

Business Review and Future Developments
Despite the tight budget constraints and the challenging market conditions, the Group has continued to progress the development of its 
Liberator asset and other potential projects.

The Business Developments during the year are highlighted in the Chairman’s and Chief Executive Officer’s Statement.

Results and Dividends
The loss on ordinary activities of the Group after taxation amounted to £2,935,692 (2016: £404,834). There were no dividends paid in 
2017 (2016: Nil).

Events after the reporting period
On 31 January 2018 the Company announced that it had raised £2.57 million through the placing of 8,563,630 new ordinary shares in 
the capital of the Company to new and existing investors at an issue price of 30 pence per share, representing a 0.4% premium to the 
30-day average for the week ending 26th January 2018. The proceeds of the funding will be used towards prerequisite engineering, trees 
and wellheads for the Liberator development, and general corporate purposes.

On 6 February 2018 the Company amended the terms of the loan notes. The amended loan note instrument supersedes the existing loan 
note instrument dated 17 July 2017 and the principal amendments to the Existing Loan notes are detailed in the Company’s news release 
dated 6 February 2018.

On  2nd  March  2018,  20th  March  2018,  and  25th  May  2018  the  Company  announced  that,  in  relation  to  the  amended  Loan  Note 
Agreement as announced 6th February 2018, it received notices of exercise from James Caird Asset Management (“JCAM”) to convert 
part of the loan with an aggregate par value of US$1,500,000, into shares. Following the conversions the value outstanding on the loan 
was US$1,000,000. The Company allotted 3,368,728 ordinary shares to JCAM which rank pari passu in all respects with the existing 
ordinary  shares.  Following  Admission  of  these  shares,  the  Company’s  enlarged  issued  share  capital  was  comprised  of  37,623,250 
ordinary shares.

On 23rd May 2018 the Company announced it had been awarded its sole 30th Offshore Licensing Round application target, Block 
13/23c  (123  km2),  on  a  100%  interest  basis.  Block  13/23c  contains  a  material  extension  of  the  Liberator  field,  referred  to  by  i3  as 
Liberator  West,  with  further  prospectivity  identified  by  the  Company  outside  the  Liberator  trend.  The  award  delivers  a  significant 
increase in i3’s combined Reserve & Resource Base, now totalling an independently verified 80MMBO.

Directors
The names of the Directors who served to the date of this report are set out below:

Director
Executive Directors:
Neill Carson
Graham Heath

David Knox
Majid Shafiq
Richard Ames

Date of Appointment

30 March 2017
30 March 2017

18 July 2017
18 July 2017
18 July 2017

Directors’ Remuneration
The  Group  remunerates  the  Directors  at  levels  commensurate  with  its  size  and  the  experience  of  its  Directors.  The  Remuneration 
Committee  has  reviewed  the  Directors’  remuneration  and  believes  the  levels  uphold  these  objectives.  Details  of  the  Directors’ 
emoluments and payments made for professional services rendered are set out in note 10 to the financial statements.

10

i3 Energy plc 

Directors’ Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Directors’ Interests
The beneficial interests of the Directors in the shares and options of the Company are as follows:

Director

David Knox
Neill Carson
Graham Heath
Majid Shafiq
Richard Ames

2017
Shares

138,871
6,500,000
6,500,000
Nil
Nil

2016
Shares

Nil
6,500,000
6,500,000
Nil
Nil

2017
Options

311,318
311,318
311,318
311,318
311,318

2016
Options

Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

None of the Directors exercised any share options during the year.

In 2016, N Carson and G Heath held shares in i3 Energy North Sea Limited (formerly i3 Energy Limited). See Note 1 – Share for Share 
Exchange for detail.

Directors’ Third-Party Indemnity Provisions
The Company maintained during the period and to date of approval of the financial statements indemnity insurance for its Directors 
and Officers against liability in respect of proceedings brought by third parties, subject to the terms and conditions of the Companies 
Act 2006.

Share Capital
At 31 December 2017, 25,690,892 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0001 each and 5,000 deferred shares of £10 each were 
issued and fully paid. Each ordinary share carries one vote and the deferred shares do not confer any voting rights.

Substantial Shareholders
At 31 December 2017, notification had been received by the Company of the following who had a disclosable interest in 3% or more of 
the nominal value of the ordinary share capital of the Company:

Neill Ashley Carson
Graham Andrew Heath
City Financial Investment Company Limited, acting as Investment Manager and Authorised 
Corporate Director of the City Financial Absolute Equity Fund (“City Financial”)
Mihai Butuc
Iain Campbell
John Woods

25.30%
25.30%

13.62%
3.89%
3.89%
3.89%

Save for Messrs Carson and Heath, this does not include the shareholdings of the Directors which are disclosed separately. As at 31 
December 2017 the Company had not been notified of any other person who had an interest in 3% or more of the nominal value of the 
ordinary share capital of the Company.

Subsequent to the year-end, City Financial announced that its shareholding had fallen below the 3% reporting threshold. Up-to-date 
details of substantial shareholders are contained on the Company’s website (www.i3.energy).

Corporate Governance
A statement of Corporate Governance is set out on pages 15 to 17.

Key Performance Indicators
At this stage in its development, the Directors do not consider that standard industry key performance indicators are relevant. The Group 
currently has no oil and gas production and therefore has no income. The Group is not expected to report profits until it develops its 
exploration and development projects.

11

 
i3 Energy plc 

Directors’ Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Health and safety – number of reported incidents
Health and Safety:

Measure
No of incidents

2017
0

2016
0

There were no reportable incidents in the current or prior year.

Principal Risks and Uncertainties
Set out below are the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group:

Material risks that could negatively affect the Company’s results and performance include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The Company’s business involves significant capital expenditure and given the current liquidity position of the Company as at the 
date of this report the Company will require additional funding to meet its planned work programme. There is no guarantee that 
such additional funding will be available on acceptable terms at the relevant time.

Oil  and  gas  exploration  and  development  activities  are  dependent  on  the  availability  of  skilled  personnel,  drilling  and  related 
equipment in the particular areas where such activities will be conducted. Demand for such personnel or equipment, or access 
restrictions may affect the availability to the Company.

Oil and gas prices are highly volatile, and lower oil and gas prices will negatively affect the Company’s financial position, capital 
expenditures and results of operations.

Oil and gas drilling is a speculative activity and involves numerous risks and substantial and uncertain costs that could adversely 
affect the Company.

Instability  in  the  global  financial  system  may  have  impacts  on  the  Company’s  liquidity  and  financial  condition  that  currently 
cannot be predicted.

The “Brexit” Referendum and the resulting uncertainty about the status of the UK could adversely affect the Company’s business.

Reserve data and estimated discounted future net cash flows are estimates based on assumptions that may be inaccurate and are 
based on existing economic and operating conditions that may change in the future.

The Company is dependent on the successful development of its oil and gas assets.

Actual production rates may be significantly lower than estimated peak production rates.

The Company is subject to various environmental risks and governmental regulations and future regulations may be more stringent.

Climate change and climate change legislation and regulatory initiatives could result in increased operating costs and decreased 
demand for oil and gas.

Offshore operations are subject to various operating and other casualty risks that could result in liability exposure.

The Company may not have enough insurance to cover all of its risks.

The Company may record impairments of oil and gas properties that would reduce its shareholders’ equity.

Currency restrictions and exchange rate fluctuations could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, capital 
expenditures and results of operations.

Environmental Responsibility
The Group is aware of the potential impact that its subsidiary and investments may have on the environment. Accordingly, the Group 
ensures that with regard to the environment, it and its subsidiaries and associated companies at a minimum comply with applicable 
European Union and local regulatory requirements.

Employment Policy
The  Group  is  committed  to  promoting  policies  to  ensure  that  high  calibre  employees  are  attracted,  motivated  and  retained  for  the 
ongoing success of the business. Employees and those who seek to work within the Group are treated equally regardless of sex, marital 
status, creed, colour, race or ethnic origin.

Health and Safety
The Group’s aim is to maintain a high standard of workplace safety. In order to achieve this, the Group provides training and support to 
employees and sets demanding standards for workplace safety.

Insurance
The Group maintains insurance in respect of its Directors and Officers against liabilities in relation to the Company and the Group. The 
Group maintains insurance in respect of its exploration and development and operational projects in the North Sea.

12

i3 Energy plc 

Directors’ Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Statement of Disclosure of Information to the Auditor
As at the date of this report the serving Directors confirm that:

• 

• 

So far as each Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware, and

The Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the Group’s auditor is aware of that information.

Auditor
PKF Littlejohn LLP has signified its willingness to act as the Company’s auditor.

Going Concern
Notwithstanding the loss incurred during the year under review, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able 
to raise funds to provide adequate resources to continue operations for the foreseeable future. It will therefore continue to adopt the 
going concern basis in preparing the Annual Report and Financial Statements. Further details on their assumptions and their conclusion 
thereon are included in the statement on going concern included in note 2 to the Financial Statements. It should be noted however, that 
the auditors have drawn attention to a material uncertainty in relation to going concern within their audit report.

Board Committees
Information on the Audit Committee, Corporate Governance Committee, Reserves Committee and Remuneration Committee is included 
in the Corporate Governance section of the Annual Report.

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and 
regulations.

The Directors are required to prepare financial statements for each financial year. The Directors have elected to prepare the Group 
Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The 
Directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs 
of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year. In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:

• 

Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•  Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• 

• 

State whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed 
and explained in the Financial Statements; and

Prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in 
business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Group’s transactions 
and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group. They are also responsible for safeguarding the 
assets of the Group, and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Group’s 
website. The Group is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding the Group’s website.

A resolution to reappoint PKF Littlejohn LLP as Auditors will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting at a fee to be 
agreed in due course by the Audit Committee and the Directors.

Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting will be held on 28 June 2018 as stated in the Notice of Meeting.

Independent Auditors
This report was approved by the Board and was signed on its behalf:

David Knox
Non-Executive Chairman
31 May 2018

13

i3 Energy plc 

Corporate Governance Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT
The Company is quoted on AIM and is not required to comply with the requirements of The UK Corporate Governance Code (“the 
Code”). However, the Board is committed to the high standards of good corporate governance prescribed in the Code and seeks to apply 
its principles where considered appropriate having regard to the current size and structure of the Group.

Board of Directors
The Board of Directors comprises of two Executive Directors and three Non-Executive Directors and is deemed to have the appropriate 
balance of skills, experience, independence and knowledge of the Company to enable them to discharge their respective duties effectively.

The Board maintains regular contact with its advisers and public relations consultants in order to ensure that the Board is aware of the 
views of shareholders.

The Company considers that it is important that where possible its Non-Executive Directors maintain a strong element of independence.

The Executive Directors are employed under contracts for service.

Whilst the non-executive chairman of the board holds shares in the Company, all of the non-executive directors hold options to acquire 
shares in the Company and one of the non-executive directors holds convertible loan notes in the Company, none are considered to be 
a significant threat to their independence. The board has considered, in conjunction with its advisors, whether these have any impact on 
their independence and have concluded that they do not. Apart from these matters and their directors’ fees the non-executive directors 
have no other financial interests in the Company or business relationships that would interfere with their independent judgement.

Board Meetings
The Board meets regularly throughout the year. For the year ended 31 December 2017, the Board met 6 times in relation to normal 
operational matters. The Board is responsible for leading and controlling the Company and, in particular, for formulating, reviewing and 
approving the Company’s strategy and budget. Day to day management is devolved to the Executive Directors who are charged with 
consulting the Board on all significant financial and operational matters.

All Directors have access to the advice of the Parent Company’s solicitors. Necessary information is supplied to the Directors on a 
timely basis to enable them to discharge their duties effectively, and all Directors have access to independent professional advice, at the 
Group’s expense, as and when required.

Board Committees

Audit Committee
The audit committee comprises Majid Shafiq (committee chairman), and David Knox. The board considers the two members of the 
committee to be independent and is satisfied that the committee chairman has recent and relevant financial experience.

The role and responsibilities of the audit committee have been set out in written terms of reference which includes monitoring the 
integrity of the Company’s financial reporting, to review the Company’s internal control and risk management systems, to monitor 
the effectiveness of the Company’s external and internal audit function and to oversee the relationship with the Company’s external 
auditors. The audit committee focuses particularly on compliance with legal requirements, accounting standards and the AIM Rules and 
ensures that an effective system of internal financial control is maintained.

The full terms of reference for the audit committee are available on the Company’s website.

Corporate Governance Committee (“CG Committee”)
The CG Committee comprises of David Knox (committee chairman) and Majid Shafiq.

The primary purposes of the CG Committee are to develop and recommend to the Board guidelines, policies and procedures relating to 
corporate governance; identify individuals qualified to become Board members; recommend to the Board director nominees for election 
to the Board; recommend to the Board committee composition and appointments; evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the 
Board and committees of the Board; and, review and make recommendations to the Board on non-employee director compensation.

The terms of reference of the CG Committee are available on the Company’s website.

Reserves Committee
The reserves committee comprises of Richard Ames (committee chairman) and Majid Shafiq.

The reserves committee invites the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the remainder of the board to attend and 
speak at its meetings.

14

i3 Energy plc 

Corporate Governance Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

The primary purpose of the Reserves Committee is to assist the Board in monitoring and reviewing the appointment of an independent 
engineering firm retained by the Company to report on the quantity and the value of the Company’s oil and gas reserves and resources. 
The reserves committee reviews the procedures by which the Company provides information to the independent engineering firm to be 
used as the basis of evaluation and audit, ensuring disclosure complies with applicable laws and regulations, and is also responsible for 
matters relating to the preparation and public disclosure of estimates to the Company’s reserves and resources. In addition, the reserves 
committee would monitor any of the Company’s future joint venture partners to ensure policies and procedures are in place to minimise 
environmental, occupational health and safety and other risks such that damage to or deterioration of asset value is mitigated.

The terms of reference of the reserves committee are available on the Company’s website.

Remuneration Committee
The corporate remuneration committee comprises of Richard Ames (committee chairman) and David Knox.

The remuneration committee invites the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the remainder of the board and to 
attend and speak at its meetings.

The primary purpose of the remuneration committee is to determine and agree with the Board the broad policy for executive and senior 
employee remuneration, as well as for setting the specific remuneration packages and recommending and monitoring the remuneration 
of the senior employees. In accordance with the remuneration committee’s terms of reference, no Director shall participate in discussions 
relating to or vote on his own terms and conditions of remuneration. Non-executive Directors’ and Chairman’s fees will be determined 
by the Board.

The terms of reference of the remuneration committee are available on the Company’s website.

Internal controls
The  Directors  acknowledge  their  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  systems  of  internal  controls  and  for  reviewing  their  effectiveness. 
These internal controls are designed to safeguard the assets of the Group and to ensure the reliability of financial information for both 
internal use and external publication. Whilst the Directors are aware that no system can provide absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss, regular reviews of internal controls are undertaken to ensure that they are adequate and effective.

Risk management
The Board considers risk assessment important in achieving its strategic objectives. There is a process of evaluation of performance 
targets through regular reviews by the Board who compare actual progress to forecasts. Project milestones and timelines are regularly 
reviewed.

Risks and uncertainties
Risk assessment and evaluation is an essential part of the Group’s planning and an important aspect of the Group’s internal control 
system. The principal risks facing the Group are set out in the Strategic Report.

Risk management and treasury policy
The Board considers risk assessment to be important in achieving its strategic objectives, with the Board regularly reviewing its projects 
and activities in this regard.

The Group finances its operations through equity and holds its cash as a liquid resource to fund the obligations of the Group. Decisions 
regarding the management of these assets are approved by the Board. Please refer to note 21 for further detail on how the Board manages 
risk.

Securities trading
The Board has adopted a Share Dealing Code that applies to Directors, senior management and any employee who is in possession 
of “inside information”. All such persons are prohibited from trading in the Company’s securities if they are in possession of “inside 
information”. Subject to this condition and trading prohibitions applying to certain periods, trading can occur provided the relevant 
individual has received the appropriate prescribed clearance.

15

i3 Energy plc 

Corporate Governance Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Relations with shareholders
The  Board  is  committed  to  providing  effective  communication  with  the  shareholders  of  the  Company.  Clear  communication  with 
shareholders and all stakeholders is an important aspect of the role of the Group’s Board and senior management. In addition to the 
regulatory forms of communication, including annual and interim reports and Regulatory News Service releases, all enquiries from 
shareholders are encouraged and receive a timely response.

The Group website (www.i3.energy) provides detailed information on the Group’s activities.

All shareholders are offered the choice of receiving shareholder documentation electronically or in paper format, as well as the choice 
of submitting proxy votes either electronically or by post.

Shareholder are encouraged to attend the Annual General Meeting to discuss the progress of the Group.

David Knox 
Non-Executive Chairman

16

i3 Energy plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT TO MEMBERS OF i3 ENERGY PLC

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of i3 Energy Plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiary (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 
31 December 2017 which comprise the Statement of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Consolidated and Parent 
Company Financial Position, the Statement of Consolidated and Parent Company Changes in Equity, the Statement of Consolidated 
and Parent Company Cash Flows and the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and as regards the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. 
Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in 
an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, 
other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

In our opinion:

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31 December 
2017 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended;

the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union;

the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 
Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities 
under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. 
We are independent of the Group and Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the 
financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate 
to provide a basis for our opinion.

Material uncertainty relating to going concern
We draw attention to note 2 in the financial statements which identifies conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern. The Group incurred a net loss of £2,935,692 and incurred operating cash outflow of £2,287,546 and 
is not expected to generate any revenue or positive cashflows from operations in the 12 months from the date at which these financial 
statements were signed.

The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis. The ability of the Group to meet its operational objectives is 
dependent on its ability to raise additional funds.

As stated in note 2, these events of conditions along with other matters elsewhere indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast 
significant doubt on the ability of the Group and Company to continue as a going concern.

Our opinion is not modified in this respect.

Our application of materiality

Group materiality 2017

Group materiality 2016 (prior year auditor)  

Basis for materiality

£116,000

£51,700

% of net assets

Our calculation of materiality increased from the prior years, which was determined by the previous auditor, due to the increase in gross 
assets in the period. We consider the net assets balance to be the most significant determinant of the Group’s financial position and 
performance used by shareholders.

Materiality was set at £116k for the consolidated balances, and the group entities were not treated separately in terms of materiality. 
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. At the 
planning stage materiality is used to determine the financial statement areas that are included within the scope of our audit and the extent 
of sample sizes during the audit.

17

i3 Energy plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the committee all individual audit differences identified during our audit 
in excess of £5.8k.

There were no misstatements identified during our audit that were individually, or in aggregate, considered to be material, with the 
exception of an adjustment to re-state the year-end liability of the loan notes, resulting in an additional unrealised gain of £189.8k.

An overview of the scope of our audit
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risk of material misstatement in the financial statements. In 
particular, we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgements by the Director’s and considered future events 
that are inherently uncertain. As in all our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including 
among other matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 
The Liberator asset, held through the Group’s only subsidiary undertaking, represents the principal business unit in the Group upon 
which we performed audit procedures. A full scope audit was undertaken on the financial statements of the Parent company.

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements 
of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, 
including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the 
efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Carrying value of exploration assets:

The carrying value of intangible assets as at 31 December 2017 
was  £3.88m  which  comprises  of  exploration  and  development 
expenditure  on  the  Liberator  asset.  There  is  the  risk  that  the 
carrying  value  of  this  project  should  be  impaired  and  that 
exploration  and  development  costs  capitalised  during  the  year 
are not in accordance with IFRS 6.

How the scope of our audit responded to the key audit 
matter

We performed an impairment review of the carrying value of the 
Intangible Asset held.

Our work included:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Reviewing  and  considering  the  impairment  indicators  in 
IFRS 6 in relation to the asset held;

Obtaining  and  reviewing  the  Competent  Person’s  Report 
(“CPR”),  assessing  the  competency  of  the  preparer, 
the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the  inputs  used,  and  the 
reasonableness of assumptions and inputs used;

Obtaining support for ownership;

Reviewing  with  management  the  basis  for  impairment  or 
non-impairment  and  challenging  any  assumptions  made; 
and

• 

Performing sensitivity analysis herein.

We  undertook  substantive  testing  on  capitalised  expenditure 
during  the  year  to  ensure  it  met  the  capitalization  criteria  of 
IFRS 6

Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s 
report  thereon.  The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  Our  opinion  on  the  Group  and  Parent  Company  financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the 
other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent 
material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material 
misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of 
this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

18

i3 Energy plc 

Independent Auditor’s Report

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are 
prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and their environment obtained in the course of 
the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you 
if, in our opinion:

• 

• 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 
from branches not visited by us; or

the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the Group and 
Parent Company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the 
directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due 
to fraud or error.

In preparing the Group and Parent Company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent 
Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going 
concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company or to cease operations, or 
have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, 
but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s 
website at: http://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Joseph Archer (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor

31 May 2018

1 Westferry Circus
Canary Wharf
London E14 4HD

19

i3 Energy plc 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Administrative expenses
AIM listing expenses

Operating loss

Finance expense:
Finance fees
Interest payable and similar costs

Total finance expense

Loss on ordinary activities before taxation attributable to owners 
of the parent

Tax charge for the year

Net loss for the year and total comprehensive loss for the year 
attributable to owners of the parent
Earnings per ordinary share
from continuing operations
Basic and diluted

Year Ended 
31 December 2017
£

Year Ended 
31 December 2016
£

Notes

5

7

8

(1,576,713)  
(475,050)  

(389,168)  
-

(2,051,763)  

(389,168)  

(259,832)  
(624,097)  

(7,598)  
(8.068)  

(883,929)  

(15,666)  

 (2,935,692)  

(404,834)  

- 

-

 (2,935,692)  

(404,834)  

11

(0.25)  

(0.07)  

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

No other comprehensive income has arisen in the period and as such is not disclosed.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
i3 Energy plc 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Postion

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

31 December 2017
£

31 December 2016
£

Notes

12

14

15
17
16

18

18
19

19,187
3,879,859

-
1,725,772

3,899,046

1,725,772

628,389
151,641

780,030

18,905
10,449

29,354

(1,263,917)  
(44,555)  
(2,995,914)  

(165,131)  
-
(1,990,264)  

(4,304,386)  

(2,155,395)  

(3,524,356)  

(2,126,041)  

374,690

(400,269)  

374,690

(400,269)  

2,569
3,517,417
50,000
145,230
(3,340,526)  

701

3,864
(404,834)  

374,690

(400,269)  

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant & equipment
Exploration and evaluation assets

Total non-current

Current assets
Cash at bank and in hand
Trade and other receivables

Total current assets

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Loan payable – related parties
Convertible loan notes payable

Total current liabilities

Net current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities

Net liabilities 

Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share premium
Deferred shares
Share-based payment reserve
Retained earnings

Shareholders’ funds/(deficit)

The consolidated financial statements of i3 Energy plc, company number 10699593, were approved by the Board of Directors and 
authorized for issue on 31 May 2018.

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors by:

Neill Carson
Director

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

21

 
i3 Energy plc 

Company Statement of Financial Postion

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Notes

31 December 2017
£

13
20

15
16

18

18
19

145,700
5,116,038

5,261,738

(67,493)  
(2,682,610)  

(2,750,103)  )  

(2,750,103)  

2,511,635

2,511,635

2,569
3,517,417
50,000
141,774
(1,200,125)  

2,511,635

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Investment in subsidiary
Loans to subsidiary company

Total non-current

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Convertible loan notes payable

Total current liabilities

Net current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities

Net liabilities 

Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share Premium
Deferred shares
Share-based payment reserve
Retained earnings

Shareholders’ funds/(deficit)

Company number 10699593

The Company has elected to take the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 from presenting the Parent Company 
Statement of Comprehensive Income. The loss for the Parent Company for the year was £1,200,125 (2016: Nil).

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors by:

Neill Carson  
Director

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

22

i3 Energy plc 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

Notes

Called up 
share capital
£
1

Share 
premium
£
-

Deferred 
shares
£
-

Share-based 
payment 
reserve
£
-

Retained 
earnings 
£
-

Total 
£
1

18
19

18
19

-
700
-

701

701

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
3,864

(404,834)  
-
-

(404,834)  
700
3,864

3,864

(404,834)  

(400,269)  

3,864

(404,834)  

(400,269)  

-
1,868
-

-
3,517,417
-

-
50,000
-

-
-
141,366

(2,935,692)  
-
-

(2,935,692)  
3,569,285
141,366

As at 31 December 2015
Loss for the year and total 
comprehensive income
Issue of share capital
Share-based payment expense

As at 31 December 2016

Balance at 31 December 2016
Loss for the year and total 
comprehensive income
Issue of share capital
Share-based payment expense

Balance at 31 December 2017

2,569

3,517,417

50,000

145,230

(3,340,526)  

374,690

On 30 March 2017 management incorporated i3 Energy plc for the purposes of listing. Shareholders of i3 Energy North Sea Limited had 
their shares exchanged for shares in i3 Energy plc on 18 July 2017 upon listing. See Note 1 for more details.

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity:

Reserve
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Deferred shares
Share-based payment reserve

Retained earnings

Description and purpose
Represents the nominal value of shares issued
Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value
Represents shares yet to be issued in the capital of the Company
Represents the accumulated balance of share-based payment charges recognised in respect of 
share options granted by the Company less transfers to retained deficit in respect of options 
exercised or cancelled/lapsed
Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

23

i3 Energy plc 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

Balance at 31 December 2016
Loss for the year and total 
comprehensive income
Issue of share capital
Share-based payment expense

Notes

Called up 
share capital
£
-

Share 
premium 
£
-

Deferred 
shares
£
-

Share-based 
payment 
reserve
£
-

Retained 
earnings 
£
-

Total 
£
-

18
19

-
2,569
-

-
3,517,417
-

-
50,000
-

-
-
141,774

(1,200,125)  
-
-

(1,200,125)  
3,569,986
141,774

Balance at 31 December 2017

2,569

3,517,417

50,000

141,774

(1,200,125)  

2,511,635

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

24

i3 Energy plc 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017     

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Loss for the year
Adjustments for:
– Unrealized FX (Gain) / Loss
– Share-based payment expense
– Depletion, depreciation and amortization
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital:
– (Increase) in receivables
– (Increase) in prepaid expenses
– Increase in interest payable 
– Increase in current liabilities

Net cash used in operating activities

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Property, plant & equipment
Expenditure on exploration and evaluation assets

Net cash used in investing activities

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares
Proceeds on issue of deferred shares
Proceeds from loan notes
Proceeds from employee loans

Net cash from financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

Year ended 
31 December 2017
£

Year ended 
31 December 2016
£

Notes

(2,935,692)  

(404,834)  

19

18
18
16
17

(234,557)  
141,366
4,894

(103,608)  
(37,584)  
623,733
253,902 

137,498
3,864

(10,448)  

8,068
165,131

 (2,287,546)  

(100,721)  

(24,081)  
(1,309,203)  

(1,725,772)  

 (1,333,284)  

(1,725,772)  

94,999
50,000
4,210,041
44,555

700
-
1,844,698
-

4,399,595

1,845,398

(169,281)  

-

609,484 

18,905

 18,905 

-

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR

628,389

18,905

The accompanying notes on pages 29 - 46 are an integral part of these financial statements.

25

 
 
 
 
 
i3 Energy plc 

Company Statement of Cash Flow

For the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Loss for the year
Adjustments for:
– Unrealized FX (Gain) / Loss
– Share-based payment expense
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital:
– Increase in interest payable 
– Increase in current liabilities

Net cash used in operating activities

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Investment in subsidiary
Loans to subsidiary company

Net cash used in investing activities

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares
Proceeds on issue of deferred shares
Proceeds from loan notes

Net cash from financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR

The accompanying notes on pages 29 – 46 form part of these financial statements.

Year ended 
31 December 2017
£

Notes

19

18
18
16

(1,200,125)  

(170,306)  
141,774

318,497
67,493 

(842,667)  

(145,700)  
(5,116,038)  

(5,261,738)  

3,519,986
50,000
2,534,419

6,104,405

-

- 

- 

-

26

 
 
 
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

1 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General Information and Authorisation of Financial Statements
i3 Energy plc (“the Company”) is registered in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006 with registered number 10699593. 
The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on the AIM Market operated by the London Stock Exchange. The address of the Company’s 
registered office is New Kings Court, Tollgate, Chandler’s Ford, Eastleigh, Hampshire, SO53 3LG.

The Company and its subsidiary (together, “the Group”) are involved in the identification, evaluation, acquisition and development of 
oil and gas projects.

Share for Share Exchange Agreement
On 17 July 2017, i3 Energy plc and i3 Energy North Sea Limited entered into an arrangement agreement (the “Arrangement”) whereby 
i3 Energy plc and i3 Energy North Sea Limited would complete a combination pursuant to a share exchange agreement (the “Share 
Exchange Agreement”).

Pursuant to the Arrangement, each common share of i3 Energy North Sea Limited was exchanged for 1 common share of i3 Energy 
plc, resulting in the issuance of an aggregate of 16,499,999 ordinary shares of £0.0001 each and 5,000 deferred shares of £10 each 
of i3 Energy plc shares. Due to the relative size of the companies, ‘i3 Energy North Sea Limited’ shareholders became the majority 
shareholders in the enlarged share capital. i3 Energy plc’s shares were listed onto AIM on 25th July 2017.

The translation fell outside of the scope of IFRS 3 (“Business Combinations”) and has been accounted for using reverse acquisition 
accounting. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements have been treated as being a continuation of the financial statements of 
i3 Energy North Sea Limited, with i3 Energy plc being treated as the acquired entity for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the financial 
information for the current period and comparatives has been presented as if i3 Energy North Sea Limited had been owned by i3 Energy 
plc throughout the current period due to the nature of the transaction.

Changes in accounting standards
The standards which applied for the first time this year have been adopted and have not had a material impact.

The  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (IASB)  has  issued  the  following  new  and  revised  standards,  amendments  and 
interpretations to existing standards that are not effective for the financial year ending 31 December 2017 and have not been adopted 
early. The Group is currently assessing the impact of these standards and based on the Group’s current operations do not expect them to 
have a material impact on the financial statements.

New Standards
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 1 Insurance Contracts
Amendments to Existing Standards
Clarifications to IFRS 15 revenue from Contracts with Customers
Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions (Amendments to IFRS 2)*
IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration*
Annual Improvements to IFRSs (2014-2016 Cycle)*
IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments*
Annual Improvements to IFRSs (2015-2017 Cycle)*
*Not yet adopted by European Union

Effective Date
01-Jan-18
01-Jan-18
01-Jan-19
01-Jan-21

01-Jan-18
01-Jan-18
01-Jan-18
01-Jan-18
01-Jan-19
01-Jan-19

i3 Energy plc has progressed further its projects dealing with the implementation of these key new accounting standards and is able to 
provide the following information regarding their likely impact:

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’
The standard replaces all phases of the financial instruments project and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’. 
The standard is effective from periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 and introduces:

• 

• 

• 

new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities;

a new model for recognising provisions based on expected credit losses; and,

simplified hedge accounting by aligning hedge accounting more closely with an entities risk management methodology.

The adoption of IFRS 9 is unlikely to have a material impact on the consolidated results of the Group.

27

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

1 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - continued

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’
The standard is effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2018. This standard introduces a new revenue recognition model 
and replaces IAS 18 ‘Revenue’, IAS 11 ‘Construction Contracts’, IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’, IFRIC 15 ‘Agreements for 
the Construction of Real Estate’, IFRIC 18 ‘Transfer of Assets from Customers’ and SIC-31 “Revenue – Barter Transactions Involving 
Advertising Services.’ As the Group has no revenue the introduction of IFRS 15 will have no impact in the financial statements.

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’
The standard is effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2019 and has been endorsed by the EU. Under the provisions of 
the standard most leases, including the majority of those previously classified as operating leases, will be brought onto the statement of 
financial position, as both a right-of-use asset and a largely offsetting lease liability. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are both 
based on the present value of lease payments due over the term of the lease, with the asset being depreciated in accordance with IAS 16 
‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and the liability increased for the accretion of interest and reduced by lease payments. The directors 
continue to consider the potential effects on the Group’s financial statements and do not currently expect that there will be a material 
impact.

Basis of preparation

2 
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  and  IFRS 
Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) as adopted by the European Union.

The financial information is presented in Pounds Sterling (£) unless otherwise stated.

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies 
have been consistently applied unless otherwise stated. The Company has elected not to present individual financial statements as it is 
not required to do so.

Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements consolidate the audited financial statements of i3 Energy plc and the financial statements of its 
subsidiary undertakings made up to 31 December 2017.

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights 
to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. 
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date 
that control ceases.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the 
Group’s  accounting  policies.  All  intra-group  assets  and  liabilities,  equity,  income,  expenses  and  cash  flows  relating  to  transactions 
between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.

Going concern
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Group’s assets are not generating revenues, an operating loss 
has been reported and an operating loss is expected in the 12 months subsequent to the date of these financial statements and as a result 
the Company will need to raise funding to provide additional working capital to finance their ongoing activities and non-discretionary 
expenditures. The Board has successfully raised £2.57 million, prior to expenses, subsequent to the year end as discussed in note 16 
to the financial statements. The net proceeds of the placing will be used towards prerequisite engineering, trees and wellheads for the 
Liberator development and general corporate purposes.

Based on the Board’s assessment that the cash flow budgets can be achieved and that the necessary funds will be raised, the Directors 
have a reasonable expectation that the Group and the Company has access to adequate resources to continue in operations existence for 
the foreseeable future. Thus, they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2017.

These conditions indicate the existence of material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt regarding the applicability of the going 
concern assumption and the auditors have made reference to this in their audit report.

Should the Group be unable to continue trading, adjustments would have to be made to reduce the value of the assets to their recoverable 
amounts, to provide for further liabilities which might arise and to classify fixed assets as current.

28

   
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

Significant accounting policies

3 
The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those applied in the previous financial year, unless otherwise indicated.

Financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and cash held on current account or on short-term deposits at variable interest rates 
with original maturity periods of up to three months. Any interest earned is accrued monthly and classified as interest income within 
finance income.

Trade and other receivables:
Trade and other receivables are initially recognised at fair value when related amounts are invoiced then carried at this amount less any 
allowances for doubtful debts or provision made for impairment of these receivables.

Trade and other payables:
These financial liabilities are all non-interest bearing and are initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration payable.

Impairment of financial assets:
In relation to financial assets, a provision for impairment is made when there is objective evidence (such as the probability of insolvency 
or significant financial difficulties of the debtor) that the Company will not be able to collect all of the amounts due under the original 
terms of the invoice. The carrying amount of receivables is reduced through use of an allowance account. Impaired debts are derecognised 
when they are assessed as uncollectible.

Financial liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”)
Financial  liabilities  at  FVTPL  comprise  of  the  Company’s  convertible  loan  notes  payable.  Financial  liabilities  are  classified  as  at 
FVTPL when the financial liability is (i) contingent consideration that may be paid by an acquirer as part of a business combination to 
which IFRS 3 applies, (ii) held for trading, or (iii) it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

• 

• 

• 

it has been incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has 
a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading or contingent consideration that may be paid by an acquirer as part 
of a business combination may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

• 

• 

• 

such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; 
or

the  financial  liability  forms  part  of  a  group  of  financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities  or  both,  which  is  managed,  and  its 
performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment 
strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and 
Measurement permits the entire combined contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognised in profit or loss. 
The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the ‘other gains 
and losses’ line item in the income statement.

Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and 
characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not measured at FVTPL.

Equity:
Equity instruments issued by the Company are usually recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs, and allocated between 
called up share capital and share premium accounts as appropriate.

29

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

3 

Significant accounting policies - continued

Foreign currency:
The  Company  does  not  have  any  foreign  operations.  Transactions  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  functional  currency  are 
translated at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
are re-translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. All differences that arise are recorded in the income statement.

For the purpose of the financial statements, the results and financial position are expressed in GBP, being the functional and presentational 
currency of all entities within the Group.

Taxation
Tax is recognised in the consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in 
other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in 
equity respectively.

Deferred  tax  is  accounted  for  using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method  in  respect  of  temporary  differences  arising  from  differences 
between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation 
of taxable profit. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax 
is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business on combination that 
at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the 
extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  associates,  and 
interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that 
the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax 
liabilities and when the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable 
entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised, or the liability is settled. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Intangible assets:

Exploration and evaluation expenditures (E&E):

a)  Development expenditure

Expenditure on the construction, installation and completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines and the drilling of 
development wells, including service, is capitalized initially within intangible fixed assets and when the well has formally commenced 
commercial production, then it is transferred to property, plant and equipment and is depreciated from the commencement of production 
as described in the accounting policy for property, plant and equipment.

b)  Drilling costs and intangible licenses

The Group applies the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas assets, having regard to the requirements of IFRS 6 
‘Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources’. Costs incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area are expensed 
immediately to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Expenditure incurred on the acquisition of a licence interest is initially capitalised within intangible assets on a licence by licence basis. 
Costs are held, unamortised, within Petroleum mineral leases until such time as the exploration phase of the licence area is complete 
or commercial reserves have been discovered. The cost of the licence is subsequently transferred into “Producing Properties” within 
property, plant and equipment and depreciated over its estimated useful economic life.

Exploration expenditure incurred in the process of determining exploration targets is capitalised initially within intangible assets as 
drilling costs. Drilling costs are initially capitalised on a well by well basis until the success or otherwise has been established. Drilling 
costs are written off on completion of a well unless the results indicate that hydrocarbon reserves exist and there is a reasonable prospect 
that these reserves are commercially viable. Drilling costs are subsequently transferred into ‘Drilling expenditure’ within property, plant 
and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful economic life. All such costs are subject to regular technical, commercial and 
management review on at least an annual basis to confirm the continued intent to develop or otherwise extract value from the discovery. 
Where this is no longer the case, the costs are immediately expensed to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

30

   
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

3 

Significant accounting policies - continued

Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. This includes consideration 
of the IFRS 6 impairment indicators for any intangible exploration and evaluation assets capitalised as intangible costs. If any such 
indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group makes an estimate of the asset’s recoverable 
amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. This is determined for an 
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of 
assets, and the asset’s value in use cannot be estimated to be close to its fair value. In such cases, the asset is tested for impairment as part 
of the cash-generating unit to which it belongs. When the carrying amount of an asset or cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable 
amount, it is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, estimated future cash flows 
are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money 
and  the  risks  specific  to  the  asset.  Impairment  losses  relating  to  continuing  operations  are  recognised  in  those  expense  categories 
consistent with the function of the impaired asset unless the asset is carried at revalued amount (in which case the impairment loss is 
treated as a revaluation decrease). An assessment is also made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously 
recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount is estimated. 
A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s 
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its 
recoverable amount. That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, 
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive 
Income  unless  the  asset  is  carried  at  revalued  amount,  in  which  case  the  reversal  is  treated  as  a  revaluation  increase.  After  such  a 
reversal, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount, less any residual value, on 
a systematic basis over its remaining useful life.

Finance income
Finance income consists of bank interest on cash and cash equivalents which is recognised as accruing on a straight-line basis, over the 
period of the deposit.

Investments
Investments  in  subsidiary  undertakings  are  stated  at  cost  less  any  provision  for  impairment  in  value,  prior  to  their  elimination  on 
consolidation.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is 
provided on all property, plant and equipment to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each asset over its expected useful 
economic life on a straight-line basis at the following annual rates:

• 

• 

Office equipment 20% or straight line over the life of the equipment - whichever is the lesser;

Field equipment – between 5% and 25%.

All assets are subject to annual impairment reviews.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable 
that  future  economic  benefits  associated  with  the  item  will  flow  to  the  Group  and  the  cost  of  the  item  can  be  measured  reliably. 
The  carrying  amount  of  the  replacement  part  is  derecognised.  All  other  repairs  and  maintenance  are  charged  to  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income during the financial period in which they are incurred. The asset’s residual value and useful economic lives are 
reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. An asset’s carrying value is written down to its recoverable 
amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposal are determined by 
comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Share-based payments:
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity 
instruments at the grant date. The fair value excludes the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions.

The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the 
vesting  period,  based  on  the  Company’s  estimate  of  equity  instruments  that  will  eventually  vest.  At  each  balance  sheet  date,  the 
Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting 
conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense 
reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to equity reserves.

31

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

3 

Significant accounting policies - continued

Earnings per share
Basic Earnings per share is calculated as profit attributable to equity holders of the parent for the period, adjusted to exclude any costs 
of servicing equity (other than dividends), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element.

Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements using accounting policies consistent with IFRS requires the Directors to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported 
amounts  of  income  and  expenses.  The  preparation  of  financial  statements  also  requires  the  Directors  to  exercise  judgement  in  the 
process of applying the accounting policies. Changes in estimates, assumptions and judgements can have a significant impact on the 
financial statements.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively 
from the period in which the estimates are revised.

There are no critical judgements identified, apart from those involving estimations (which are dealt with separately below) that the 
Directors have made in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the 
amounts recognised in the financial statements.

Carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets
At 31 December 2017, the Group held oil and gas exploration and evaluation assets of £3.88m (2016: £1.73m). Management tests 
annually whether the assets have future economic value in accordance with the accounting policies.

The recoverable amount of each property has been determined based on a value in use calculation which requires the use of certain 
estimates and assumptions such as long-term commodity prices (i.e. oil and gas prices), discount rates, operating costs, future capital 
requirements  and  mineral  resource  estimates.  These  estimates  and  assumptions  are  subject  to  risk  and  uncertainty  and  therefore  a 
possibility that changes in circumstances will impact the recoverable amount.

The source for the estimates used by the Director’s in determining the recoverability of the Company’s oil and gas properties is the 
Competent Person’s Report (available at www.i3.energy).

Fair value measurements and valuation processes
Some of the Company’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. The board of directors of the 
Company determine the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements.

In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. Where Level 1 
inputs are not available, the Company works closely with the qualified external valuers to establish the appropriate valuation techniques 
and inputs to the model.

Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets and liabilities are disclosed 
in notes 19 and 21.

Segmental reporting

4 
The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is considered to be the Board of Directors. They consider that the Group operates in 
a single segment, that of oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development, in a single geographical location, the North Sea of the 
United Kingdom. As a result, the financial information of the single segment is the same as set out in the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of Changes in Equity and Consolidated 
Statement of Cashflows.

32

   
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

5 

Administrative expenses

Directors’ fees accrued
Wages and salaries
Travel and subsistence expenses
Professional fees – legal, consulting, exploration
Auditor’s remuneration – audit
Exploration expenditures
Stock-based compensation expense
Insurance expense
Office expense
Corporate communications expense
Other expenses
Realised FX (gain) / loss
Unrealised FX (gain) / loss

2017
£
64,810
800,123
106,752
398,928
45,000
19,868
141,366
41,542
108,106
53,853
37,645
(6,723)  
(234,557)  

2016
£
-
177,500
22,368
126,251
8,000
25,324
3,864
-
4,890
-
20,971
-
-

Total operating expenses

1,576,713

389,168

6 

Employee Information

Group staff Costs comprised:
Wages, salaries and benefits
Share-based payments expense
Less: capitalised exploration expenditure

Charge to the profit or loss

2017
£
1,289,380
141,366
(489,257)  

2016
£
177,500
3,864
-

941,489

181,364

i3 Energy plc had no staff during the year ended 31 December 2017 (2016: nil) and therefore no payments were made.

The average number of persons employed in the Group, including Executive Directors, was:

Average number of persons employed
Operations
Administration

7 

Interest payable and similar costs

Commission payable on loan notes
Interest payable on loan notes

Total interest payable and similar costs

33

2017
Number
7
3

2016
Number
3
3

10

6

Year ended
 31 December
 2017
£

Year ended 
31 December 
2016
£

259,832
624,097

883,929

7,598
8,068

15,666

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

Taxation

8 
A deferred tax asset has not been provided for in accordance with IAS 12. The Group does not have a material deferred tax liability at 
the year end. i3 Energy plc had no liability to UK corporation tax on the ordinary activities for the period ended 31 Dec 2017 (31 Dec 
2016 – Nil).

Current income tax charge
Deferred tax charge / (credit)

Total taxation charge / (credit)

2017
£
-
-

-

2016
£
-
-

-

Taxation reconciliation
The below table reconciles the tax charge for the year to the theoretical charge based on the result for the year and the corporation tax 
rate.

Loss before income tax
Rate of Corporate Tax
Expected tax recovery
Effects of:
Permanent differences
Non-taxable income/Non-deductible expenses for tax purposes
Derecognition of deferred tax asset

2017
£
(2,935,692)  
40%
(1,174,277)  

68,410
56,710
1,049,157

2016
£
(404,834)  
40%
(161,934)  

-
1,545
160,389

Total income tax expense

-

-

As at 31 Dec 2017 the Company had taxable losses of £5,932,000 (31 Dec 2016 – 1,961,000) for which no deferred tax asset has been 
recognised. This is due to uncertainty over the availability of future taxable profits to offset these losses against.

Dividends

9 
No dividends were proposed. (2016: nil).

34

   
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

10  Directors’ remuneration

2017
Executive Directors
Neill Carson
Graham Heath

Non-Executive Directors
David Knox
Majid Shafiq
Richard Ames

2016
Executive Directors
Neill Carson
Graham Heath

Salary / Fees
£

166,666
155,000

25,924
19,443
19,443

Bonus
£

35,750
35,500

-
-
-

Share based 
payments
£

42,982
42,982

42,982
42,982
42,982

Total
£

245,398
233,482

68,906
62,425
62,425

386,476

71,250

214,910

672,636

Salary / Fees

Bonus

Share based 
payments

35,000
32,500

67,500

-
-

-

-
-

-

Total

35,000
32,500

67,500

No pension benefits are provided for any Directors (2016: nil).

The total amount of Directors’ fees, to the non-executive directors, in 2017 in the amount of £64,810 have been accrued but have not 
yet been paid and £65,000 of the executive directors’ fees have been accrued and not been paid to provide the Company with as much 
working capital as possible. During the year ended 31 December 2016, i3 Energy accrued £62,500 in relation to the salary / fees payable 
to Mr. Carson and Mr. Heath, the accrued 2016 salary/fees were paid in February of 2017.

11  Earnings per share

From continuing operations
The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data:

Earnings
Earnings for the purposes of basic earnings per share being net loss attributable to owners 
of i3 Energy (£)
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares

Year Ended 31 
December 2017
£

Year Ended 31 
December 2016
£

 2,935,692
11,731,570

 404,834
5,678,683

Loss for the purposes of diluted earnings per share (£) 

(0.25)  

(0.07)  

The 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 calculations use the Ordinary Shares, both basic and diluted, held at these dates. The 
diluted  loss  per  Ordinary  Share  is  calculated  by  adjusting  the  weighted  average  number  of  Ordinary  shares  outstanding  to  assume 
conversion there would be no potential dilutive Ordinary Shares in issue. The effect of potential dilutive Ordinary Shares would be anti-
dilutive and therefore are not included in the above calculation of diluted earnings per Ordinary Share.

35

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

12  Exploration and evaluation assets (Intangible)

As at 1 January 2016
Additions

As at 31 December 2016

Additions

As at 31 December 2017

Exploration and 
evaluation assets
£
-
1,725,772

Total
£
-
1,725,772

1,725,772

2,154,087

2,154,087

3,879,859

Investment in subsidiaries

13 
At 31 December 2017 the Company held 100% of the share capital of the following wholly owned subsidiary:

Company
i3 Energy North Sea 
Limited*

Place of Business
England and Wales

*Wholly owned subsidiary of i3 Energy plc.

Registered Office
New Kings Court
Tollgate
Chandler’s Ford
Eastleigh, Hampshire
SO53 3LG

% Ownership held
100

Nature of business
Exploration & Production

As at 1 January 2016
Investment

As at 31 December 2016

Investment in 
subsidiaries
£
-
-

-

Total
£
-
-

-

Investment on acquisition of i3 Energy North Sea Limited (see note 1)

145,700

145,700

As at 31 December 2017

145,700

The investment relates to the acquisition of i3 Energy North Sea Limited by i3 Energy plc (the Parent) on incorporation. See Note 1 – 
Share for Share Exchange for more details.

14  Trade and other receivables

VAT receivable
Prepayments & other receivables

 As at
31 December 2017
£
114,057
37,584

As at
31 December 2016
£
10,449
-

Parent Company
As at
31 December 2017
£
-
-

Total trade and other receivables

151,641

10,449

-

Other receivables are all due within one year.

Loans advanced from or to the subsidiary are unsecured, interest free and have no fixed repayment date.

The fair value of other receivables is the same as their carrying values as stated above.

Other receivables do not contain any impaired assets.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable mentioned above. The Group 
does not hold any collateral as security.

36

   
 
 
 
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

15  Trade and other payables

Trade creditors
Accruals

As at
31 December 2017
£
750,458
513,459

As at
31 December
 2016
£
25,524
139,607

Parent Company
As at
31 December 2017
£
-
67,493

Total trade and other payables falling due within one year

1,263,917

165,131

67,493

The average credit period taken for trade purchases is 30 days. No interest is charged on the trade payables. The carrying values of trade 
and other payables are considered to be a reasonable approximation of the fair value and are considered by the Directors as payable 
within one year.

16  Convertible Loan Notes

Proceeds of issue of convertible loan notes as at 31 December 2015
Proceeds of issue of convertible loan notes as at 31 Dec 2016

Liability component at date of issue
Interest charged
Foreign exchange

Liability component at 31 December 2016

Proceeds of issue of convertible loan notes as at 31 December 2016 
Issuance of convertible loan notes
CLNs converted on Aim Listing
Interest charged 
Foreign exchange

Liability component at 31 December 2017

£

-
1,844,698

1,844,698
8,068
137,498

1,990,264

1,990,264
4,210,041
(3,424,286)  
623,733
(403,838)  

2,995,914

On or before 28 December 2016, the Company issued Loan Notes totalling £1,844,698, the proceeds of which were used to fund the 
Sale and Purchase Agreement with Dana Petroleum and for general corporate purposes. This issue comprised of Loan Notes with a 
one-year term of £1,100,000 to be converted at a 50 per cent discount to the IPO price upon admission to AIM or redeemed at a 50 per 
cent premium to par at maturity, and Loan Notes with a one-year term of £744,698 to be converted at a 25 per cent discount to the IPO 
price upon admission to AIM or redeemed at a 25 per cent premium to par at maturity. A summary of the terms of the Loan Notes is as 
follows:

• 

• 

Security: None

Interest: None

•  Mandatory conversion/redemption conditions:

• 

AIM listing; and

•  Minimum raise of USD 36 million

• 

Conversion Election

• 

50 per cent. Loan Notes

Conversion price: Lower of 50% of IPO price (in USD) and USD 0.40/share (IPO will be on AIM and shares will trade in GBP)

37

       
 
 
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

16  Convertible Loan Notes - continued

Conversion option: Anytime at option of noteholder at USD 0.40/share

• 

25 per cent. Loan Notes

Conversion price: Lower of 75% of IPO price (in USD) and USD 0.60/share (IPO will be on AIM and shares will trade in GBP)

Conversion option: Anytime at option of noteholder at USD 0.60/share

• 

Redemption Election

• 

50 per cent. Loan Notes

 Redemption  price:  Principal  plus  50%  redemption  premium  automatically  paid  within  10  business  days  of  certain  mandatory 
redemption conditions

• 

25 per cent. Loan Notes

 Redemption  price:  Principal  plus  25%  redemption  premium  automatically  paid  within  10  business  days  of  certain  mandatory 
redemption conditions

Term:
25 per cent. Loan Notes 
125% of principal to be repaid after 28th December 2017 in the event of non-conversion/non-redemption

50 per cent. Loan Notes 
150% of principal to be repaid after 28th December 2017 in the event of non-conversion/non-redemption

At the time of subscribing for the i3 Energy Loan Notes, the subscriber had the option to select a conversion election or a redemption 
election. Selections were made as follows:

1. 

£1,531,717 of the Loan Notes will convert to shares as follows:

I. 

£1,100,000 at the lower of 50% of IPO price (in USD) and USD 0.40/share

II.  Conversion option: Anytime at option of noteholder at USD 0.40/share

And the balance of £431,717 will convert as follows:

I. 

Lower of 75% of IPO price (in USD) and USD 0.60/share

II.  Conversion option: Anytime at option holder at USD 0.60/share

2. 

£312,981 of the funds will be redeemed as follows:

 Redemption  price:  Principal  plus  25%  redemption  premium  automatically  paid  within  10  business  days  of  certain  mandatory 
redemption conditions

In the first half of 2017, the Company successfully raised £4,210,041 before expenses through the issuance of further Loan Notes of 
which proceeds were to fund Liberator field front-end engineering and design, project management, environmental statement, potential 
site survey, and general corporate purposes.

The Loan Notes issued by the Company ranked pari passu equally and rateably with any present and future unsecured debt obligations 
of the Company. If the notes were not converted, they would be redeemed on 28 December 2017 at the agreed redemption price.

The Loan Notes are not deemed to contain an equity component and the options meet the definition of a derivative and are not closely 
related to the host contract. Due to the complexity of performing separate valuations for each derivative, the Company has elected under 
IAS 39 to designate the entire hybrid loan notes as fair value with subsequent changes in value flowing through profit and loss.

The interest expensed for the year ended 30 December 2017 is calculated by applying an effective interest rate of 25 per cent and 50 per 
cent to the liability components of £4,878,200 and £1,100,000 respectively for the period since the Loan Notes were issued. The liability 
component is measured at amortised cost. The difference between the carrying amount of the liability component at the date of issue 
and the amount reported in the balance sheet at 31 December 2017 represents the effective interest rate less interest paid to that date.

On 13 June 2017, the holders of the 50 per cent. Loan Notes waived the requirement for the Company to raise a minimum of USD 36 
million before their notes automatically convert at a price of USD 0.40/share. Such waiver was conditional on Admission taking place 
on or before 27 December 2017.

38

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

16  Convertible Loan Notes - continued
The existing 25 per cent. Loan Notes were amended and restated on 29 June 2017, and a further loan note instrument constituting 
US$2,500,000 unsecured convertible Loan Notes was entered into on 17 February 2017 and subsequently amended and restated on 29 
June 2017 (the “New Notes”).

A summary of the terms in the amended 25 percent Loan Notes and the New Notes are as follows:

• 

Interest: None

•  Mandatory conversion/redemption conditions:

• 

AIM listing and;

•  Minimum raise of USD 20 million (in respect of New Notes only)

• 

Conversion Election:

• 

25 percent Loan Notes

Conversion price: USD 0.54/share (IPO will be on AIM and shares will trade in GBP)

Conversion option: On Admission or at any time at option of noteholder at USD 0.54/share

• 

New Notes

Conversion price: Lower of 75% of the issue price upon a minimum USD 20 million fundraise and USD 0.54/share (IPO 
will be on AIM and shares will trade in GBP)

Conversion option: Upon a minimum USD 20 million fundraise (post Admission) or at any time at option of noteholder in 
multiples of USD 500,000 at USD 0.54/share

• 

Redemption Election:

• 

25 percent Loan Notes and New Notes

Redemption price: Principal plus (i) 25% redemption premium if redeemed on or before 28 December 2017; or (ii) 35% Redemption 
premium if redeemed after 28 December 2017, automatically paid within 10 business days of mandatory redemption conditions

• 

Term

• 

• 

25 percent Loan Notes and New Notes

135% of principal to be repaid at the earlier of AIM listing date plus 13 months or 31 August 2018 in the event of non-
conversion/non-redemption prior to that date

At the time of subscription for the Loan Notes and pursuant to subsequent amendments to the Loan Notes, the subscriber had the option 
to select a conversion election or a redemption election. Selections were made as follows:

• 

• 

• 

£1,100,000 of the funds will convert upon AIM listing at USD 0.40/share

£2,324,286 of the funds will convert upon AIM listing at USD 0.54/share

£1,850,500 of the funds elected to convert in the future as follows:

• 

• 

Lower of 75% of IPO price (in USD) and USD 0.54/share

Conversion option: Anytime at option of noteholder in multiples of USD 500,000 at USD 0.54/share

• 

£513,642 of the funds will be redeemed as follows:

Redemption price: Principal plus (i) 25% redemption premium if redeemed on or before 28 December 2017; or (ii) 35% redemption 
premium if redeemed after 28 December 2017, automatically paid within 10 business days of certain mandatory redemption conditions

On 18 July 2017, all holders of the 50 percent Loan Notes and certain holders of the 25 per cent. Loan Notes converted their notes into 
9,190,892 ordinary shares which, alongside 16,500,000 existing ordinary shares, were admitted to AIM.

17  Loan Payable – Related Party
On 12 December 2017 the employees entered into an agreement with the Company to loan the Company, each month, an amount equal 
to their net pay from the Company. The agreement was effective 12 December 2017 and terminates on the earlier of 31st March 2018 or 
such date as the Company has completed an unencumbered fundraise of a minimum of USD 2 million. Upon termination the Company 
would pay back to the employee an amount equalling 135% of the loan.

The Company terminated the loan agreement upon completing a fundraise at the end of January 2018 and all employees’ loans were 
repaid at 135%.

39

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

18  Authorised, issued and called-up share capital

As at 31 December 2015
Issuance of A ordinary shares
Subdivision of ordinary share
Change of class of shares
Issue of ordinary shares

As at 31 December 2016

Issue of ordinary shares
Issue of ordinary shares
Issue of deferred shares
Issue of ordinary shares

Issuance 
Date

01 Mar 16
31 May 16
01 Jul 16
15 Dec 16

30 Mar 17
17 Jul 17
17 Jul 17
18 Jul 17

Ordinary 
Shares
1
-
(1)  
6,760,000
250,000

7,010,000

1
9,489,999
-
9,190,892

As at 31 December 2017

25,690,892

A Ordinary 
Shares

Deferred
Shares

6,750,000
10,000
(6,760,000)  
-

-

-
-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-

-

-
-
5,000
-

5,000

Nominal 
Value £ per 
Share
1.00
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001

Called 
up Share 
Capital
1
675
-
-
25

Premium
Share
Capital
-
-
-
-
-

0.0001 

701

-

0.0001
0.0001
10.00
0.0001

-
949
50,000
919

-
94,050
-
3,423,367

-

52,569

3,517,417

The ordinary shares confer the right to vote at general meetings of the Company, to a repayment of capital in the event of liquidation or 
winding up and certain other rights as set out in the Company’s articles of association.

The deferred shares do not confer any voting rights at general meetings of the Company and do confer a right to a repayment of capital 
in the event of liquidation or winding up, they do not confer any dividend rights or any of redemption.

On 31 March 2017, 1 ordinary share with a nominal value of £0.0001 was issued at a price of £0.0001 per share.

On 17 July 2017, 9,489,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0001 was issued at a price of £0.01 per share for cash consideration 
of £94,050.

On 17 July 2017, 5,000 deferred shares with a nominal value of £10.00 per share was issued at a price of £10.00 per share for cash 
consideration of £50,000.

On 18 July 2017, £3,384,819 of CLNs were converted into 9,190,892 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.0001 per share and 
cash consideration of £3,384,819.

19  Share based payments

Share Options
During the year the following share options were issued and the cost of £145,230 (2016: £3,864) was calculated using the Black Scholes 
method:

18 Jul 2017

Weighted 
Avg Price
(pence) 
0.55

Number
3,082,048

Exercise 
Price 
(pence)
0.55

Vested
Share
Options
1,027,348

Share price 
at grant 
(pence) 
0.425

Weighted 
Avg Term 
(years) 
5

Value*
0.138

*In the Black Scholes model, the inputs were Volatility as 46%, the Risk-Free Interest Rate as 0.50% and the dividend yield as 0.5%.

EMI Options
The Company operates an Employee Management Incentive (EMI) share option scheme. Grants were made as set out below on 14th 
April 2016 and 6th December 2016. The scheme is based on eligible employees being granted EMI options. The right to exercise the 
option is at the employee’s discretion for a ten-year period from the date of issuance. 9,490,000 options are exercisable at a price equal 
to £0.01 and 500,000 options are exercisable at a price equal to £0.11 respectively. As the Options may be exercised at any time, the 
vesting period is deemed to be immediate. If the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant the options 
expire. Employees who leave i3 Energy have 60 days to exercise the Options prior to them being forfeited.

40

   
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

19. 

 Share based payments - continued

As at 31 Dec 2016
Granted during the year
Forfeited during the year
Exercised during the year
Expired during the year
Outstanding at the end of the year
Exercisable at the end of the year

Number of share 
options
9,990,000
-
-
9,490,000
-
500,000
500,000

Weighted average 
exercise price
(in £)  
0.015
-
-
0.015
-
0.11
0.11

9,490,000 options were exercised during the year. The options outstanding at 31 December 2017 had a weighted average exercise price 
of £0.11, and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 8.92 years.

20.  Related party transactions
The Company had the following related party transactions:

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

 During the year ended 31 December 2017, the Company had nil in share subscription receivable (31 December 2016 - £1.00) 
relating to share issuance costs by a director and officer, Neill Carson, of the Company.

 During the year ended 31 December 2017, one executive director, Neill Carson, and two non-executive directors, David 
Knox and Richard Ames, participated in the Company’s financing and hold or had held convertible loan notes. Upon the 
Company’s AIM listing on 25 July 2018 David Knox converted his convertible loan notes into 138,871 ordinary shares of 
the Company. Terms of the convertible loan notes are detailed in note 16.

 On 12 December 2017 the employees entered into an agreement with the Company to loan the Company, each month, an 
amount equal to their net pay from the Company. Terms of the loan are detailed in note 17.

 During the year the Company provided funds amounting to £5,958,705 (2016: Nil) to its subsidiary and received funds in the 
amount of £842,666 from its subsidiary. The total net receivable from its subsidiary at 31 December 2017 was £5,116,038 
(2016: Nil).

Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not 
disclosed in this note.

Remunerations of Key Management Personnel
Directors of the Company are considered to be Key Management Personnel. The remuneration of the Directors is set out in note 10.

21.  Financial instruments and capital risk management

Financial Risk Management

Financial Risk Factors
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks; market risk (including foreign currency risk and price risk), credit risk 
and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to 
minimise potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by the Board of Directors under policies approved at Board meetings. The Board frequently discusses 
principles for overall risk management including policies for specific areas such as foreign exchange.

a)  Market Risk

i) 

Foreign Exchange Risk
 The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the UK 
pound sterling and the US dollar. Foreign exchange risk arises from recognised monetary assets and liabilities (USD bank 
account and USD CLNs) where they may be denominated in a currency that is not the Group’s functional currency. The 
exposure to this risk is not considered material to the Group’s operations and thus the Directors consider that, for the time 
being, no hedging or other arrangements are necessary to mitigate this risk.

 On the assumption that all other variables were held constant, and in respect of the Group and the Company’s expenses the 
potential impact of a 1% increase / decrease in the UK Sterling: US Dollar Foreign exchange rate on the Group’s loss for the 
year and on equity is as follows:

41

       
 
 
 
 
 
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

21.  Financial instruments and capital risk management - continued

Potential impact on USD expenses: 2017

Increase/(decrease) in foreign exchange rate

Effect on loss before tax for the year ended
Group
£
25,152
25,152

1%
-1%

b)  Credit Risk
Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents.

The Group considers the credit ratings of banks in which it holds funds in order to reduce exposure to credit risk. The Group will only 
keep its holdings of cash with institutions which have a minimum credit rating of ‘A’.

The Group considers that it is not exposed to major concentrations of credit risk.

The Group holds cash as a liquid resource to fund its obligations. The Group’s cash balances are held in Sterling and US Dollar. The 
Group’s strategy for managing cash is to maximise interest income whilst ensuring its availability to match the profile of the Group’s 
expenditure. This is achieved by regular monitoring of interest rates and monthly review of expenditure forecasts.

The Group has a policy of not hedging and therefore takes market rates in respect of foreign exchange risk; however, it does review its 
currency exposures on an ad hoc basis.

c)  Liquidity Risk
To date the Group has relied upon equity funding to finance operations. The Directors are confident that adequate  funding will  be 
forthcoming with which to finance operations. Controls over expenditure are carefully managed.

The Group ensures that its liquidity is maintained by a management process which includes projecting cash flows and considering the 
level of liquid assets in relation thereto, monitoring Balance Sheet liquidity and maintaining funding sources and back-up facilities.

Fair Value Estimation
The following table presents the Group’s financial asset and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2017.

Fair value hierarchy
The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:

Fair value measurements
To estimate fair value of the risk management contracts, the Company uses quoted market prices when available, or industry accepted 
third-party models and valuation methodologies that utilise observable market data. In addition to market information, the Company 
incorporates transaction specific details that market participants would utilise in a fair value measurement, including the impact of non-
performance risk. The Company characterises inputs used in determining fair value using a hierarchy that prioritises inputs depending 
on the degree to which they are observable. However, these fair value estimates may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts that 
could be realised or settled in a current market transaction.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

• 

• 

• 

Level  1  -  inputs  represent  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  for  identical  assets  or  liabilities  (for  example,  exchange-traded 
commodity  derivatives).  Active  markets  are  those  in  which  transactions  occur  in  sufficient  frequency  and  volume  to  provide 
pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level  2  -  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  included  within  Level  1  that  are  observable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  as  of  the 
reporting date. Level 2 valuations are based on inputs, including quoted forward prices for commodities, market interest rates, and 
volatility factors, which can be observed or corroborated in the marketplace.

Level 3 - inputs that are less observable, unavailable or where the observable data does not support the majority of the instruments 
fair value.

In forming estimates, the Company utilises the most observable inputs available for valuation purposes. If a fair value measurement 
reflects  inputs  of  different  levels  within  the  hierarchy,  the  measurement  is  categorised  based  upon  the  lowest  level  of  input  that  is 
significant to the fair value measurement.

All financial assets are classified as loans and receivables and are accounted for on an amortised cost basis. All financial liabilities are 
classified as other liabilities. The carrying amount of the other financial assets and liabilities approximates the fair value due to its short 
maturities.

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Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

21.  Financial instruments and capital risk management - continued

Fair value measurements recognised in the statement of financial position

Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities designated at FVTPL

Total

Level 1
£

Level 2
£

Level 3
£

2017
Total
£

-

-

-

-

2,995,914

2,995,914

2,995,914

2,995,914

There were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 during the current or prior year. Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables 
are held at approximate fair value therefore the financial instruments noted above do not require fair value disclosure.

The  Company’s  convertible  Loan  Notes  are  issued  in  both  GBP  and  USD.  The  Loan  Notes  issued  in  USD  are  subject  to  the  FX 
fluctuation between the USD and GBP rates and can impact the fair value reported in GBP.

Capital Risk Management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to position as a going concern and to continue its 
exploration and production activities. The Group has debt of £4,304,386 as at 31 December 2017 (2016: £2,155,395) and has capital, 
defined as the total equity and reserves of the Group of £74,690 (2016:(400,269)).

The group monitors it level of cash resources available against future planned exploration and evaluation activities and may issue new 
shares in order to raise further funds from time to time.

22  Commitments

Operating leases –
  Future aggregate minimum lease payments
  Not less than one year
  Later than one year but not later than five years

  Total lease commitment

2017
£
45,000
101,250

146,250

2016
£
-
-

-

On 1 April 2017, i3 Energy North Sea Limited, at that time i3 Energy Limited, entered into a 5-year lease agreement to rent space. The 
lease expires in April 2022.

Capital commitments –
As at 31st December 2017, the Company had cancellation exposure to certain long-lead items for its Liberator development totalling 
£473,757. As at 31 May 2018 the cancellation exposure for these same long-lead items was £3,794,863.

43

       
Notes forming part of the financial statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017

i3 Energy plc 

23  Events after the reporting period
On 31 January 2018 the Company announced that it had raised £2.57 million through the placing of 8,563,630 new ordinary shares in 
the capital of the Company to new and existing investors at an issue price of 30 pence per share, representing a 0.4% premium to the 
30-day average for the week ending 26th January 2018. The proceeds of the funding will be used towards prerequisite engineering, trees 
and wellheads for the Liberator development, and general corporate purposes.

On 6 February 2018 the Company the terms of the amended loan notes. The amended loan note instrument supersedes the existing loan 
note instrument dated 17 July 2017 and the principal amendments to the Existing Loan notes are detailed in the Company’s news release 
dated 6 February 2018.

On  2nd  March  2018,  20th  March  2018,  and  25th  May  2018  the  Company  announced  that,  in  relation  to  the  amended  Loan  Note 
Agreement as announced 6th February 2018, it received notices of exercise from James Caird Asset Management (“JCAM”) to convert 
part of the loan with an aggregate par value of US$1,500,000, into shares. Following the conversions the value outstanding on the loan 
was US$1,000,000. The Company allotted 3,368,728 ordinary shares to JCAM which rank pari passu in all respects with the existing 
ordinary  shares.  Following  Admission  of  these  shares,  the  Company’s  enlarged  issued  share  capital  was  comprised  of  37,623,250 
ordinary shares.

On 23rd May 2018 the Company announced it had been awarded its sole 30th Offshore Licensing Round application target, Block 
13/23c  (123  km2),  on  a  100%  interest  basis.  Block  13/23c  contains  a  material  extension  of  the  Liberator  field,  referred  to  by  i3  as 
Liberator  West,  with  further  prospectivity  identified  by  the  Company  outside  the  Liberator  trend.  The  award  delivers  a  significant 
increase in i3’s combined Reserve & Resource Base, now totalling an independently verified 80MMBO.

44

   
Registered number

Directors

Company Secretary

Registered Office

Independent Auditor

Solicitors

Nominated Advisor

Broker

Registrars

Principal Bankers

Company Website

i3 Energy plc 

Corporate Information

10699593

David John Wissler Knox – Non-Executive Chairman
Neill Ashley Carson – Chief Executive Officer
Graham Andrew Heath – Chief Financial Officer
Majid Shafiq – Non-Executive Director
Richard Millington Ames – Non-Executive Director

Burness Paull LLP

New Kings Court
Tollgate
Chandler’s Ford
Eastleigh, Hampshire
United Kingdom
S053 3LG

PKF Littlejohn (Registered Auditor)  
1 Westferry Circus
Canary Wharf
London
E14 4HD
United Kingdom

Burness Paull LLP
50 Lothian Road
Festival Square
Edinburgh
EH3 9WJ

WH Ireland Limited
24 Martin Lane
London
EC4R 0DR

GMP First Energy 
85 London Wall 
London 
EC2M 7AD

Link Asset Services
The Registry
34 Beckenham Road
Beckenham
Kent
BR3 4TU

Royal Bank of Scotland

www.i3.energy

Company Telephone Number

+44 (0)   1224 945 980

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Black&Callow – c114328