Form 20-F
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
ICON plc Corporate Headquarters
South County Business Park
Leopardstown, Dublin 18
Ireland
T: (IRL) +353 1 291 2000
T: (US) +1 215 616 3000
F: +353 1 247 6260
ICONplc.com/contact
About ICON
ICON plc is a global provider of outsourced drug and device development and commercialisation services to
pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government and public health organisations. The company
specialises in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support clinical development
- from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. With headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, ICON currently,
operates from 99 locations in 40 countries. Further information is available at ICONplc.com/contact
© 2020 ICON plc. All rights reserved.
Washington, D.C. 20549 for the
year ended December 31, 2019
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.20549
______________________________________________________________________
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
Registration statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
OR
Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended:December 31, 2019
OR
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
OR
Shell company report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
_____________________________________
Commission File Number: 333-08704
ICON PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
ICON PLC
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Ireland
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
South County Business Park,
Leopardstown,
Ireland
Dublin 18,
(Address of principal executive offices)
Brendan Brennan, Chief Financial Officer
South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Dublin 18, Ireland.
Brendan.Brennan@iconplc.com
+353-1-291-2000
_____________________________________
(Name, telephone number, email and/or facsimile number and address of Company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
ORDINARY SHARES, PAR VALUE €0.06 EACH
Name of exchange on which registered
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
NONE
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
NONE
(Title of class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the
annual report: 53,622,206 Ordinary Shares.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as determined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the
No
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
No
requirements for the past 90 days: Yes
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File
No
required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months: Yes
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non- accelerated filer.
No
Large accelerated filer
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has
elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section
13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
Non-accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
U.S. GAAP
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
Other
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
by the International Accounting Standards Board
follow. Item 17
Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes
No
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Information(cid:3)
Cautionary Statement
PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors(cid:3)
(cid:44)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:3)2.(cid:3)Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Item 3. Key Information
Item 4. Information on the Company
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Item 8. Financial Information
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Item 10. Additional Information
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk(cid:3)
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds(cid:3)
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Item 16. Reserved
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Item 16B. Code of Ethical Conduct
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers(cid:3)
Item 16F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
Item 18. Financial Statements
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits(cid:3)
Signatures
Index to Exhibits
Page
1
1
2
2
2
18
41
41
54
69
70
70
70
77
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
80
82
82
82
82
82
82
139
140
General Information
As used herein, “ICON plc”, “ICON”, the “Company” and “we”, "our" or “us” refer to ICON public limited company and its
consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, ICON plc’s financial statements and other financial data contained in this Form 20-F are
presented in United States dollars (“$”) and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United
States (“U.S. GAAP”).
In this Form 20-F, references to "U.S. dollars", "U.S.$" or "$" are to the lawful currency of the United States, references to
"pounds sterling", "sterling", "£", "pence" or "p" are to the lawful currency of the United Kingdom, references to “euro” or “€” are to
the European single currency adopted by nineteen members of the European Union. ICON publishes its consolidated financial
statements in U.S. dollars.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-looking Statements
Statements included herein which are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements
are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). Forward-
looking statements may be identified by the use of future tense or other forward looking words such as “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”,
“should”, “may”, “strategy”, or other variations or comparable terminology. The forward looking statements involve a number of risks
and uncertainties and are subject to change at any time. In the event such risks or uncertainties materialize, our results could be
materially adversely affected. The risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, dependence on the pharmaceutical industry
and certain clients, the need to regularly win projects and then to execute them efficiently and correctly, the challenges presented
by rapid growth, competition and the continuing consolidation of the industry, the dependence on certain key executives, changes
in the regulatory environment and other factors identified in the Company’s United States Securities and Exchange Commission
filings and in the “Risk Factors” included on pages 4 through 18. The Company has no obligation under the PSLRA to update any
forward looking statements and does not intend to do so.
1
Part I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors.
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information.
A. Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data for ICON plc
The following selected financial data set forth below are derived from the Company’s consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”
and the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 20-F.
The financial statements and financial information in the sections following are prepared in accordance with the accounting
policies (see note 2 - Significant accounting policies in the consolidated financial statements). The significant changes in accounting
policies adopted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are set-out in the paragraphs following.
ASC 842 'Leases' became effective for ICON plc with effect from January 1, 2019. ICON plc adopted the new standard
as of January 1, 2019 under the cumulative-effect adjustment approach. Under this transition method, the new standard is applied
without restatement of comparative period amounts. A lease liability and right-of-use asset have been recorded on the Consolidated
Balance Sheet as at January 1, 2019 of $106.5 million (see note 2 - Significant accounting policies in the consolidated financial
statements). The net operating cost of leases recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $33.0 million, (see note 22
- Operating leases in the consolidated financial statements).
The Company adopted ASC 606 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' (ASC 606) on January 1, 2018. The new
revenue recognition policies were applied in the preparation and presentation of the results for the twelve months ended December
31, 2018 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. As ICON adopted the standard using the cumulative effect transition
method, there was no restatement of comparative amounts. Therefore, the results for the year ended December 31, 2017 and
previously reflect the provisions of ASC 605 'Revenue Recognition'.
The most significant impact of application of the new standard was the measurement of a clinical trial service as a single
performance obligation recognized over time. We concluded that ICON is the contract principal in respect of both direct services
and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support the clinical trial. The progress towards completion for
clinical service contracts is measured based on total project costs (direct fees are therefore inclusive of third party costs). Revenue
is our primary measure of performance on adoption of ASC 606. In common with others in the sector, our results previously separately
identified that revenue stream which related to services provided by third parties. Those services were previously separately identified
as reimbursable expenses and presented separately in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Reimbursable expenses are
included within direct costs on adoption of ASC 606. Throughout the document revenue as reported on adoption of ASC 606 is
referred to as revenue. Revenue as reported for the years ended December 31, 2017 and previously are gross revenues (inclusive
of revenue from reimbursable expenses) or net revenues (exclusive of revenue from reimbursable expenses). This treatment is
consistent with the adoption of ASC 606 from January 1, 2018 without restatement of comparatives.
On May 23, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research (U.K.) Limited, acquired a majority shareholding
in MeDiNova Research ("MeDiNova"), a site network with research sites in key markets in Europe and Africa. ICON has the right
to acquire the remaining shares in the company during 2020. The vendors also have a right to sell the remaining shares to ICON
during 2020. The acquisition of MeDiNova has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business
Combinations'. The minority put/call arrangement is required to be presented separately as a redeemable noncontrolling interest
on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. This classification reflects the assessment that the instruments are contingently redeemable
and the change in the redemption value, above or below the amount recorded as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest,
is recorded directly within retained earnings. In calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, the adjustment to reflect changes
in the redemption amount of the noncontrolling interest is included in net income attributable to the Group (see note 26 - Net income
per ordinary share in the consolidated financial statements).
2
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue/gross revenue
Reimbursable expenses (1)
Costs and expenses:
Direct costs (1)
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Restructuring and other items
(2),(3),(4)
Total costs and expenses
Income from operations
Net interest expense
Income before provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income attributable to noncontrolling
interest
Net income attributable to the Group
Net income per ordinary share attributable
to the Group (5):
Basic
Diluted
Adjusted net income per Ordinary Share
attributable to the Group (6):
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average number
of ordinary shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents
Available for sale investments
Working capital
Total assets
Non-current other liabilities
Non-current government grants
Ordinary share capital
Additional paid-in capital
Shareholders’ equity
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
$
2,805,839 $
2,595,777 $
2,402,321 $
2,364,956 $
2,161,618
—
—
(643,882)
(698,469)
(586,640)
1,758,439
1,666,487
1,574,978
1,974,135
1,818,220
1,027,310
336,748
61,550
325,794
65,916
323,741
61,297
961,333
325,726
59,575
908,979
326,786
57,677
—
12,490
7,753
8,159
—
2,372,433
2,222,420
1,420,101
1,354,793
1,293,442
433,406
(6,417)
426,989
(51,133)
373,357
(8,743)
364,614
(41,958)
338,338
(10,281)
328,057
(46,569)
311,694
(11,522)
300,172
(37,993)
281,536
(2,686)
278,850
(39,311)
(1,870)
—
—
—
—
$
373,986 $
322,656 $
281,488 $
262,179 $
239,539
$
$
$
$
6.85 $
6.79 $
5.96 $
5.89 $
5.20 $
5.13 $
4.75 $
4.65 $
6.94 $
6.88 $
5.96 $
5.89 $
5.20 $
5.13 $
4.75 $
4.65 $
4.08
3.97
4.08
3.97
53,859,537
54,118,764
54,129,439
55,248,900
58,746,935
54,333,461
54,790,663
54,849,046
56,407,136
60,290,033
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
(in thousands)
$
520,309 $
395,851 $
282,859 $
192,541 $
103,911
49,628
493,728
59,910
719,560
77,589
534,960
68,046
463,552
85,990
290,939
2,907,512
2,354,255
2,146,618
1,825,843
1,717,209
17,512
813
4,635
13,446
877
4,658
17,111
966
4,664
577,961
529,642
481,337
1,618,055
1,354,281
1,191,000
23,752
887
4,692
438,126
945,174
12,224
959
4,719
383,355
763,096
3
(1) Reimbursable expenses are comprised of payments to investigators and certain other costs reimbursed by clients under terms
specific to each of the Company’s contracts (see note 2 (e) - Significant accounting policies in the consolidated financial
statements).
(2) A restructuring charge of $12.5 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018, under a restructuring plan
adopted following a review of operations. The restructuring plan reflected resource rationalization across the business to
improve resource utilization (see note 14 - Restructuring charges in the consolidated financial statements).
(3) A restructuring charge of $7.8 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017, under a restructuring plan
adopted following a review of operations. The restructuring plan reflected resource rationalization across the business to
improve resource utilization (see note 14 - Restructuring charges in the consolidated financial statements).
(4) A restructuring charge of $8.2 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2016 under a restructuring plan
adopted following a review by the Company of its operations. The restructuring plan includes resource rationalizations in certain
areas of the business to improve resource utilization and improve operational effectiveness, resulting in a charge of $6.2 million,
and office consolidation which resulted in the recognition of an onerous lease obligation of $2.0 million (see note 14 -
Restructuring charges in the consolidated financial statements).
(5) Net income per ordinary share is based on the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares. Diluted net income
per share includes potential ordinary shares from the exercise of options, RSUs and PSUs.
(6) Adjusted net income per ordinary share reflects the add back of the adjustment to bring the noncontrolling interest in MeDiNova
to the expected redemption amount. The value of the accretion recorded directly to equity of $5.0 million has been excluded
from net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 when calculating adjusted net income per ordinary share attributable
to the Group (non-GAAP). This redemption value is required to be included in the calculation of EPS (GAAP). (See note 26 -
Net Income per Ordinary Share in the consolidated financial statements).
B. Capitalization and indebtedness
Not applicable
C. Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds
Not applicable
D. Risk Factors
Various risk factors that are relevant to our business and the services we provide are outlined below. The occurrence of
any of these events may materially and adversely affect our business operations, financial condition and results of operations and
future prospects.
Risk Related to Our Business and Operations
We depend on a limited number of customers and a loss of, or significant decrease in business from one or more of them
could affect our business.
During the year ended December 31, 2019 37.6% of our revenues were derived from our top five customers, with two
customers contributing more than 10% of our revenues during the period (the largest contributing 12.5% and the second largest
contributing 10.2%). During the year ended December 31, 2018 39.5% of our revenues were derived from our top five customers,
with one customer contributing more than 10% of our revenues during the period (13.6%). No other customer contributed more
than 10% of our revenues during this period (see note 16 - Disaggregation of revenue in the consolidated financial statements).
During the year ended December 31, 2017 42% of our revenues (including revenue from reimbursable expenses) were
derived from our top five customers, with one customer contributing more than 10% of our revenues (including revenue from
reimbursable expenses) during the period (21%). No other customer contributed more than 10% of our revenues during this period.
If we lose clients, we may not be able to attract new ones and if we lose individual projects, we may not be able to replace them.
The loss of, or a significant decrease in business from one or more of these key customers could have a material adverse impact
on our results of operations and financial results (see note 16 - Disaggregation of revenue in the consolidated financial statements).
4
Our financial results may be adversely impacted if we under price our contracts, overrun our cost estimates or fail to
receive approval for or experience delays in documenting change orders.
Many of our contracts are long-term fixed price or fixed unit price contracts for services. As a result, variations in the timing
and progress of large contracts may materially adversely affect our results of operations. Revenue recognized on these service
contracts are based on an assessment of progress towards completion being the cost of time and other third party costs as a
percentage of total estimated time and other third party costs to deliver our services. As a result, variations in the timing and progress
of large contracts may materially adversely affect our results of operations. Estimating time and costs to complete requires judgment
and includes consideration of the complexity of the study, the number of geographical sites where trials are to be conducted and
the number of patients to be recruited at each site. We regularly review the estimated hours on each contract to determine if the
budget accurately reflects the agreed tasks to be performed taking into account the state of progress at the time of review.
We bear the risk of cost overruns unless the scope of activity is revised from the contract specifications and we are able
to negotiate a contract modification. We endeavor to ensure that any changes in scope are appropriately monitored and change
orders or contract modifications are promptly negotiated and documented for changes in scope. If we were to fail to successfully
negotiate change orders for changes in the resources required or the scope of the work to be performed and the costs of performance
of these contracts exceeded their fixed fees, it could materially adversely affect our operations and financial results.
The potential loss or delay of our large contracts or of multiple contracts could adversely affect our results
Our clients may discontinue using our services completely or cancel some projects either without notice or upon short
notice. The termination or delay of a large contract or of multiple contracts could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and
profitability. Historically, clients have canceled or discontinued projects and may in the future cancel their contracts with us for
reasons including, amongst others:
•
•
•
•
•
the failure of products being tested to satisfy safety or efficacy requirements;
unexpected or undesired clinical results of the product;
a decision that a particular study is no longer necessary or viable;
poor project performance, quality concerns, insufficient patient enrollment or investigator recruitment; and
production problems resulting in shortages of the drug.
As a result, contract terminations, delays or other changes are part of our clinical services business. In the event of
termination, our contracts often provide for fees for winding down the trial but these fees may not be sufficient for us to maintain
our margins, and termination may result in lower resource utilization rates. In addition, we may not realize the full benefits of our
backlog of contractually committed services if our clients cancel, delay or reduce their commitments under our contracts with them.
Therefore, the loss, early termination or delay of a large contract or contracts could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
If we do not generate new business awards, or if new business awards are delayed, terminated, reduced in scope or fail
to go to contract, our business, financial conditions, results of operations or cash flows may be materially adversely
affected.
Our business is dependent on our ability to generate new business awards from new and existing customers and maintain
existing customer contracts. If we were unable to generate new business awards on a timely basis and contract for those awards,
that could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
If we are unable to successfully develop and market new services or enter new markets, our growth, results of operations
or financial condition could be adversely affected.
A key element of our growth strategy is the successful development and marketing of new services or entering new markets
that complement or expand our existing business. As we develop new services or enter new markets, we may not have or adequately
build the competencies necessary to perform such services satisfactorily, may not receive market acceptance for such services or
may face increased competition. If we are unable to succeed in developing new services, entering new markets or attracting a client
base for our new services or in new markets, we will be unable to implement this element of our growth strategy, and our future
business, reputation, results of operations could be adversely impacted.
5
If we fail to attract or retain key personnel, our performance may suffer.
Our business, future success and ability to continue to expand operations depends upon our ability to attract, hire, train
and retain qualified professional, scientific and technical operating people. We compete for qualified professionals with other Clinical
Research Organizations “CROs”, temporary staffing agencies and the in-house departments of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and
medical device companies. An inability to attract and retain a sufficient number of high caliber clinical research professionals (in
particular, key personnel and executives) at an acceptable cost would impact our ability to provide our services, our future
performance and results of operations.
Our ability to perform clinical trials is dependent upon the ability to recruit suitable willing patients.
The successful completion of clinical trials is dependent upon the ability to recruit suitable and willing patients on which
to test the drug under study. The availability of suitable patients for enrollment on studies is dependent upon many factors including,
amongst others, the size of the patient population, the design of the study protocol, eligibility criteria, the referral practices of
physicians, the perceived risks and benefits of the drug under study and the availability of alternative medication, including medication
undergoing separate clinical trials. Insufficient or inappropriate patient enrollment may result in the termination or delay of a study
which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The Company is focused on continuing to develop its expertise in patient recruitment. The focus is on making it easier for
the site and the patient to actively participate in a trial to ensure increased predictability, enrollment and retention. Our site and
patient solutions group includes upfront planning of site and patient management including identification, enrollment and
engagement.
Improved site selection is achieved through:
•
•
•
leading technology to identify where the patients are that match the protocol;
assessment of the qualification of sites based on real data;
partnerships with leading technology vendors such as Intel, EHR4CR and TriNeTX and developing the capability to enable
EMR interrogation into clinical insights such as sub-populations and larger pre-screened pool where the technology and
regulations are enabled.
The burden on the site, in ensuring patient enrollment and engagement, is achieved through integrated site networks.
ICON have a number of site alliance partners. During 2018, we enhanced our site and patient recruitment capabilities with an
expansion of the PMG Research network through a partnership with the Du Page Medical Group. During 2019, we further enhanced
our site and patient recruitment abilities through the strategic acquisitions of MeDiNova and CRN Holdings, LLC (trading as Symphony
Clinical Research ("Symphony"). We also use digital solutions to drive site performance, including pre-screening, eConsent, learning
management, document tracking and management with key applications.
Our ability to perform clinical trials is dependent upon our ability to recruit suitable willing investigators.
We contract with physicians located in hospitals, clinics or other similar sites, who serve as investigators in conducting
clinical trials to test new drugs on their patients. Investigators supervise administration of the study drug to patients during the
course of the clinical trial. The successful conduct of a clinical trial is dependent upon the integrity, experience and capabilities of
the investigators conducting the trial. Insufficient investigator recruitment, which in turn may lead to insufficient or inappropriate
patient enrollment, may result in the termination or delay of a study which could have a material adverse impact on our results of
operations.
We rely on third parties for important products and services.
We depend on certain third parties to provide us with products and services critical to our business. Such services include,
amongst others, suppliers of drugs for patients participating in trials, suppliers of kits for use in our central laboratory business,
suppliers of reagents for use in our testing equipment and providers of maintenance services for our equipment. The failure of any
of these third parties to adequately provide the required products or services or the significant increase in the costs of such products
and services could have a material adverse effect on our business.
6
Climate change, extreme weather events, earthquakes and other natural disasters could adversely affect our business.
In recent years, extreme weather events and changing weather patterns such as storms, flooding, droughts and temperature
changes have become more common. As a result, we are potentially exposed to varying natural disaster or extreme weather risks
such as hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts or floods, or other events that may result from the impact of climate change on the
environment, such as sea level rise. As a result, we could experience increased costs, business interruptions, destruction of facilities,
and loss of life, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. The
potential impacts of climate change may also include increased operating costs associated with additional regulatory requirements
and investments in reducing energy, water use and greenhouse gas emissions.
A disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic could adversely affect our business performance.
A disease outbreak, such as influenza, coronavirus, or other biological attack could negatively impact our operations. We
could experience restrictions on our ability to travel, or the ability of patients or other service providers to travel, to monitor our
clinical trials and to ensure laboratory samples are collected and analyzed on time as a result of an outbreak. At this point in time,
there is significant uncertainty relating to the potential effect of the coronavirus on our business. Infections may become more
widespread, including to countries where we have operations, and travel restrictions may remain or worsen, all of which could have
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The potential impact of an epidemic or
pandemic may also result in increased operating costs and result in a requirement to increase investment in impact prevention.
Our business depends on the continued effectiveness and availability of our information systems, including the
information systems we use to provide our services to our clients, and any system failures of, security breaches of or
cyber-attacks to these systems may materially limit our operations or have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations.
Due to the global nature of our business and our reliance on information systems to provide our services, we use web-
enabled and other integrated information systems in delivering our services. We will continue to increase the use of these systems and
such systems will either be developed internally or provided in conjunction with third parties. We also provide access to similar
information systems to certain clients in connection with the services we provide them. As the use, scope and complexity of our
information systems continue to grow, we are exposed to and will increasingly be exposed to the risks inherent in the development,
integration and ongoing operation of evolving information systems, including:
•
•
disruption or failure of data centers, telecommunications facilities or other key infrastructure platforms;
security breaches, cyber-attacks or other failures or malfunctions in our application or information systems or their
associated hardware or other systems that we have access to or that we rely upon or that have access to our systems;
and
•
excessive costs, excessive delays or other deficiencies in or problems with systems development and deployment.
The materialization of any of these risks may impede our ability to provide services, the processing of data, the delivery
of databases and services and the day-to-day management of our business and could result in the corruption, loss or unauthorized
disclosure of proprietary, confidential or other data, as well as reputational harm.
While we have cybersecurity controls and disaster recovery plans in place, they might not adequately protect us in the
event of a system failure, security breach or cyber-attack. Despite any precautions we take, damage from fire, floods, hurricanes,
power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, information system security breaches, cyber-attacks and similar events
that impact on our various computer facilities could result in interruptions in the flow of data to our servers and from our servers to
our clients. Corruption or loss of data may result in the need to repeat a trial at no cost to the client, but at significant cost to us, or
result in the termination of one or more contracts, legal proceedings or claims against us or damage to our reputation. Additionally,
significant delays in system enhancements or inadequate performance of new or upgraded systems once completed could damage
our reputation and harm our business. Long-term disruptions in the infrastructure caused by events such as security breaches,
cyber-attacks, natural disasters, the outbreak of war, the escalation of hostilities and acts of terrorism, particularly involving cities
in which we have offices, could adversely affect our business.
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential data, whether through system failure or employee negligence, fraud
or misappropriation, could damage our reputation and cause us to lose clients. Similarly, despite investing in information and cyber-
security controls there is a risk that unauthorized access to or through our information systems or those we develop for our clients,
whether by our employees or third parties, including a cyber-attack by computer programmers and hackers who may attack ICON
systems, develop and deploy viruses, worms, ransomware or other malicious software programs could result in negative publicity,
significant remediation costs, legal liability, loss of customers and damage to our reputation and could have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations and financial results. In addition, our liability insurance might not be sufficient in type, the cover
provided or amount to adequately cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyber-attacks and other related breaches.
7
Upgrading the information systems that support our operating processes and evolving the technology platform for our
services pose risks to our business.
Continued efficient operation of our business requires that we implement standardized global business processes and
evolve our information systems to enable this implementation. We have continued to undertake significant programs to optimize
business processes with respect to our services. A failure to effectively manage the implementation and adapt to new processes
designed into these new or upgraded systems in a timely and cost-effective manner may result in disruption to our business and
negatively affect our operations.
We have entered into agreements with certain vendors to provide systems development and integration services that
develop or license to us the IT platform for programs to optimize our business processes. If such vendors fail to perform as required
or if there are substantial delays in developing, implementing and updating the IT platform, our customer delivery may be impaired
and we may have to make substantial further investments, internally or with third parties, to achieve our objectives. Additionally,
our progress may be limited by parties with existing or claimed patents who seek to prevent us from using preferred technology or
seek license payments from us.
Meeting our objectives is dependent on a number of factors which may not take place as we anticipate, including obtaining
adequate technology-enabled services, creating IT-enabled services that our customers will find desirable and implementing our
business model with respect to these services. If we do not keep pace with rapid technological changes in the CRO industry, our
products and services may become less competitive or even obsolete. This applies in particular to our ICONIK, Firecrest and
ADDPLAN and One Search services. Also, increased requirements for investment in information technology may negatively impact
our financial condition, including profitability.
Failure to meet productivity objectives under our business improvement objectives could adversely impact our
competitiveness and therefore our operating results.
We continue to pursue business transformation initiatives to embed technology, innovation and deliver operational
efficiencies. As part of these initiatives, we seek to improve our productivity, flexibility, quality, functionality and cost savings by our
on-going investment in global technologies, continuous improvement of our business processes and functions to deliver economies
of scale. These initiatives may not deliver their intended gains or be completed in a timely manner which may adversely impact our
competitiveness and our ability to meet our growth objectives and therefore, could adversely affect our business and operating
results, including profitability.
We rely on our interactive response technologies to provide accurate information regarding the randomization of patients
and the dosage required for patients enrolled in the trials.
We develop and maintain computer run and web based interactive response technologies to automatically manage the
randomization of patients in trials, assign the study drug and adjust the dosage when required for patients enrolled in trials we
support. An error in the design, programming or validation of these systems could lead to inappropriate assignment or dosing of
patients, which could give rise to patient safety issues, incorrect dosing of patients, invalidation of the trial and/or liability claims
against the Company, amongst other things, any of which could have a material effect on our financial condition and operations.
A failure to identify and successfully close and integrate strategic acquisition targets could adversely impact our ongoing
business and financial results.
We have made a number of acquisitions and continue to review new acquisition opportunities. If we are unable to identify
suitable acquisition targets, complete an acquisition or successfully integrate an acquired company or business, our business may
be disrupted. The success of an acquisition will depend upon, among other things, our ability to:
•
•
•
•
•
effectively and quickly assimilate the operations and services or products of the acquired company or business;
integrate acquired personnel;
retain and motivate key employees;
retain customers; and
minimize the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns.
In the event that the operations of an acquired company or business do not meet our performance expectations, we may
have to restructure the acquired company or business or write-off the value of some or all of the assets of the acquired company
or business.
8
Improper performance of our services
The performance of clinical development services is complex and time-consuming. We may make mistakes in conducting
a clinical trial that could negatively impact or damage the usefulness of the clinical trial or cause the results to be reported improperly.
If the clinical trial results are compromised, we could be subject to significant costs or liability, which could have an adverse impact
on our ability to perform our services. Large clinical trials are costly, and while we endeavor to contractually limit our exposure to
such risks, improper performance of our services could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, damage our reputation
and result in the cancellation of current contracts or failure to obtain new contracts from affected or other clients.
Our relationships with existing or potential customers who are in competition with each other may adversely impact the
degree to which other customers or potential customers use our services, which may adversely affect our results of
operations.
The biopharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, with biopharmaceutical companies each seeking to persuade payers,
providers and patients that their drug therapies are better and more cost-effective than competing therapies marketed or being
developed by competing companies. In addition to the adverse competitive interests that biopharmaceutical companies have with
each other, biopharmaceutical companies also have adverse interests with respect to drug selection and reimbursement with other
participants in the health care industry, including payers and providers. Biopharmaceutical companies also compete to be first to
market with new drug therapies. We regularly provide services to biopharmaceutical companies who compete with each other and
we sometimes provide services to such customers regarding competing drugs in development. Our existing or future relationships
with our biopharmaceutical customers may therefore deter other biopharmaceutical customers from using our services or may
result in our customers seeking to place limits on our ability to serve other biopharmaceutical industry participants. In addition, our
further expansion into the broader health care market may adversely impact our relationships with biopharmaceutical customers
and such customers may elect not to use our services, reduce the scope of services that we provide to them or seek to place
restrictions on our ability to serve customers in the broader health care market with interests that are adverse to theirs. Any loss of
customers or reductions in the level of revenues from a customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations,
business and prospects.
We have only a limited ability to protect our intellectual property rights and these rights are important to our success.
Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to develop, use and protect our proprietary methodologies, analytics,
systems, technologies and other intellectual property. Existing laws of the various countries in which we provide services or solutions
offer only limited protection of our intellectual property rights, and the protection in some countries may be very limited. We rely
upon a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality policies, non-disclosure, invention assignment and other contractual
arrangements and patent, copyright and trademark laws, to protect our intellectual property rights. These laws are subject to change
at any time and certain agreements may not be fully enforceable, which could further restrict our ability to protect our innovations.
Intellectual property rights may not prevent competitors from independently developing services similar to or duplicative of ours.
Further, the steps we take in this regard might not be adequate to prevent or deter infringement or other misappropriation of our
intellectual property by competitors, former employees or other third parties and we might not be able to detect unauthorized use
of, or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. Enforcing our rights might also require considerable
time, money and oversight and we may not be successful in enforcing our rights.
The biopharmaceutical industry has a history of patent and other intellectual property litigation and we might be involved
in costly intellectual property lawsuits.
The biopharmaceutical industry has a history of intellectual property litigation, and these lawsuits will likely continue in the
future. Accordingly, we may face patent infringement legal proceedings by companies that have patents for similar business
processes or other legal proceedings alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. Legal proceedings relating to
intellectual property could be expensive, take significant time and divert management’s attention from other business concerns,
regardless of the outcome of the litigation. If we do not prevail in an infringement lawsuit brought against us, we might have to pay
substantial damages and we could be required to stop the infringing activity or obtain a license to use technology on unfavorable
terms. Any infringement or other legal processing related to intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our
operations and financial condition.
We act as authorized representative and legal representative for some clients pursuant to certain EU legislation
We act as authorized representative pursuant to Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC (“MDD”) and Active Implantable
Medical Devices Directive 90/385/EEC (“AIMD”) for certain clients who are located outside of the European Union. Medical Devices
Regulation 2017/745 (“MDR”) will replace MDD on May 26, 2020 and provides for increased responsibility, and accordingly increased
risk, for authorized representatives. As authorized representative, we act on behalf of medical device manufacturers in relation to
specified tasks with regard to their obligations under MDR.
9
We also act as legal representative pursuant to MDD and AIMD, and will continue to do so pursuant to MDR, for certain
clients who are located outside of the European Union with respect to clinical trials being carried out by those clients in the European
Union. As legal representative, we are responsible for ensuring compliance with the client’s obligations pursuant to MDR and we
are the addressee for all communications with the client provided for under MDR.
We provide these services subject to certain terms and conditions which are contained in our agreements with clients
pertaining to these services. We aim to reduce any potential liability associated with these activities by seeking contractual
indemnification from our clients and by maintaining an appropriate level of insurance cover. However, there is no guarantee that
the specific insurance will be available or that a client will fulfill its obligations in relation to their indemnity.
Risk Related to Our Industry
Outsourcing trends in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries and changes in spending and
research and development budgets could adversely affect our operating results and growth rates.
We are dependent upon the ability and willingness of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies
to continue to spend on research and development and to outsource the services that we provide. We are therefore subject to risks,
uncertainties and trends that affect companies in these industries that we do not control. We have benefited to date from the
tendency of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies to outsource clinical research projects. Any downturn
in these industries or reduction in spending or outsourcing could materially adversely affect our business. The following could each
result in such a downturn:
•
•
•
if pharmaceutical, biotechnology or medical device companies expanded upon their in-house clinical or development
capabilities, they would be less likely to utilize our services;
if governmental regulations were changed, it could affect the ability of our clients to operate profitably, which may lead
to a decrease in research spending and therefore this could have a material adverse effect on our business; and
if unfavorable economic conditions or disruptions in the credit and capital markets negatively impacted our clients.
Large pharmaceutical companies are increasingly consolidating their vendor base and entering strategic partnership
arrangements with a limited number of outsource providers.
Large pharmaceutical companies are continually seeking to drive efficiencies in their development processes to both
reduce costs associated with the development of new drug candidates and accelerate time to market. As a result, large
pharmaceutical companies, in particular, are increasingly looking to consolidate the number of outsource providers with which they
engage, with many entering strategic partnership arrangements with a limited number of outsource providers. The failure to enter
strategic partnership arrangements with customers or the loss of existing customers as a result of them entering strategic partnership
arrangements with our competitors could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Increased collaboration amongst pharmaceutical companies in research and development activities may lead to fewer
research opportunities.
Certain pharmaceutical companies have begun to collaborate in seeking to develop new drug candidates. Increased
collaboration amongst pharmaceutical companies may lead to fewer research opportunities, which in turn may lead to fewer
outsource opportunities for companies within the CRO industry. A reduction in outsource opportunities as a result of this increased
collaboration could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
We operate in a highly competitive and dynamic market.
The CRO industry is highly competitive. In particular, we compete with other large global CROs for strategic relationships
with large pharmaceutical companies. If we are unable to retain and renew existing strategic relationships and win new strategic
relationships, there would be a material adverse impact on our results. Similarly, we compete with other CROs for work which comes
outside of these strategic relationships and being unable to win work outside of these strategic relationships would have a material
adverse impact on our results.
The type and depth of services provided by CROs has changed in recent years. Failure to develop and market new services
or expand existing service offerings could adversely affect our business and operations.
New entrants may also enter the market which would further increase competition and could adversely affect our business
and operations.
10
We may be adversely affected by industry, customer or therapeutic concentration.
We provide services to biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government organizations and our revenue
is dependent on expenditures by these customers. Our business could therefore be adversely impacted by mergers, consolidation,
business failures, distress in financial markets or other factors resulting in a decrease in the number of potential customers or
therapeutic products being developed through the drug development progress. There has been consolidation in the
biopharmaceutical market in recent years. If the number of our potential customers were to decline in the future, they may be able
to negotiate price discounts or other terms for services that are less favorable to us than they have been historically.
Risk Related to Our Financial Results and Financial Position
Our quarterly results are dependent upon a number of factors and can fluctuate from quarter to quarter. They may fall
short of prior periods, our projections or the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which may adversely affect
the market price of our stock.
Our results of operations in any quarter can fluctuate or differ from expected or forecast results depending upon or due
to, among other things, the number and scope of ongoing client projects, the commencement, postponement, variation, cancellation
or termination of projects in a quarter, the mix of activity, cost overruns, employee hiring and other factors. Our revenue in any
period is directly related to the number of employees who were working on billable projects together with investigator activity during
that period. We may be unable to compensate for periods of under-utilization during one part of a fiscal period by earning revenue
during another part of that period. We believe that operating results for any particular quarter are not necessarily a meaningful
indicator of future results.
Also, if in future quarters, we are unable to continue to deliver operational efficiencies and our expenses grow faster than
our revenues, our operating margins, profitability and overall financial condition may be materially adversely impacted.
Our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our contracts with clients are sometimes denominated in currencies other than the currency in which we incur expenses
related to such contracts. Where expenses are incurred in currencies other than those in which contracts are priced, fluctuations
in the relative value of those currencies could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
In addition, we are also subject to translation exposures as our consolidated financial results are presented in U.S. dollars,
while the local results of certain of our subsidiaries are prepared in currencies other than U.S. dollars, including, amongst others,
the pound sterling and the euro. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and those other currencies will
affect the translation of subsidiary companies' financial results into U.S. dollars in reporting our consolidated financial results.
Our effective tax rate may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
Our quarterly effective tax rate has depended and will continue to depend on the geographic distribution of our taxable
earnings amongst the multiple tax jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax law in those jurisdictions. Changes in the geographic
mix of our results of operations amongst these jurisdictions may have a significant impact on our effective tax rate from quarter to
quarter. Changes in tax law in one or more jurisdictions could also have a significant impact on our tax rate and results. In addition,
as we operate in multiple tax jurisdictions, we may be subject to audits in certain jurisdictions. These audits may involve complex
issues which could require an extended period of time for resolution. The resolution of audit issues may lead to differences, additional
taxes, fines or penalties which could have a material adverse impact on our effective tax rate and our financial condition and results.
Our backlog may not convert to revenue and the rate of conversion may slow.
Our backlog is that element of awards that has not yet converted to revenue. This value is not necessarily a meaningful
predictor of future results, due to the potential for the cancellation or delay of projects included in the backlog. No assurances can
be given that we will be able to realize this backlog in full as revenue. A failure to realize these awards could have a material adverse
impact on our results of operations. In addition, as the length and complexity of projects increases, the rate at which awards convert
to revenue may be slower than in the past. A significant reduction in the rate of conversion could have a material impact on our
results of operations.
The Company is exposed to various risks in relation to our cash and cash equivalents and short term investments.
The Company’s treasury function manages our available cash resources and invests significant cash balances in various
financial institutions to try to ensure optimum returns for our surplus cash balances. These balances are classified as cash and
cash equivalents or short term investments depending on the maturity of the related investment. Cash and cash equivalents comprise
cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. Short term investments comprise highly liquid investments
with maturities of greater than three months and minimum “A-” rated fixed and floating rate securities.
11
Given the global nature of our business, we are exposed to various risks in relation to these balances including liquidity
risk, credit risk associated with the counterparties with whom we invest, interest rate risk on floating rate securities, sovereign risk
(our principle sovereign risk relates to investments in U.S. Treasury funds) and other factors.
Although we have not recognized any significant losses to date on our cash and cash equivalents or short term investments,
any significant declines in their market values could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and operating results.
Changes in accounting standards may adversely affect our financial statements.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America ('US GAAP') which is revised on an on-going basis by the authoritative bodies. It is possible that future accounting standard
changes, may require additional changes to the accounting treatment that we apply in preparation of our financial statements.
These changes may also require significant changes to our reporting systems. In the year ended December 31, 2018 we applied
ASC 606 'Revenue from contracts with customers' for the first time with effect from January 1, 2018. Under this standard, the
Company is required to recognize revenue in respect of our clinical trial services on a percentage of completion basis. The change
in revenue recognition requires significant estimates of total project costs (inclusive of third party costs). That estimate is required
to be updated on an on-going basis to project completion. These updates may result in unexpected variability in the timing of
recognition of revenue and therefore in our operating results. Application of ASC 842 'Leases' at January 1, 2019 results in the
recognition of a lease liability and right-of-use asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see note 28 - Impact of change in accounting
policies in the consolidated financial statements).
Risk Related to Political, Legal or Regulatory Environment
We may lose business opportunities as a result of health care reform and the expansion of managed care organizations.
Numerous governments, including the U.S. government have undertaken efforts to control growing health care costs
through legislation, regulation and voluntary agreements with medical care providers and drug companies. If these efforts are
successful, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies may react by spending less on research and development
and therefore this could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition to health care reform proposals, the expansion of managed care organizations in the health care market may
result in reduced spending on research and development. Managed care organizations' efforts to cut costs by limiting expenditures
on pharmaceuticals and medical devices could result in pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies spending
less on research and development. If this were to occur, we would have fewer business opportunities and our revenues could
decrease, possibly materially.
Healthcare reform legislation, other changes in the healthcare industry and in healthcare spending could adversely affect
our business model, financial condition or results of operations.
Our results of operations and financial conditions could be affected by changes in healthcare spending and policy. The
healthcare industry is subject to changing political, regulatory and other influences. It is possible that legislation will be introduced
and passed in the United States repealing, modifying or invalidating the current healthcare reform legislation, in whole or in part,
and signed into law. Because of the continued uncertainty about the implementation of the current healthcare reform legislation,
including the potential for further legal challenges or repeal of that legislation, we cannot quantify or predict with any certainty the
likely impact of the current healthcare reform legislation or its repeal on the health care sector, on our customers and ultimately on
our financial condition or results of operations, in particular the outsourcing of costs by our customer base to CROs.
We may lose business as a result of changes in the regulatory environment.
Various regulatory bodies throughout the world may enact legislation, rules and guidance which could introduce changes
to the regulatory environment for drug development and research. The adoption and implementation of such legislation, rules and
guidance is difficult to predict and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business.
12
Failure to comply with the regulations and requirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory
authorities could result in substantial penalties and/or loss of business.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or "FDA", and other regulatory and government authorities and agencies inspect
and audit us from time to time to ensure that we comply with their regulations and guidelines, including environmental and health
and safety matters, and other requirements imposed in connection with the performance of government contracts. We must comply
with the applicable regulatory requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials and contracting with the government in all countries
in which we operate. If we fail to comply with any of these requirements we could suffer some or all of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
termination of or delay in any research;
disqualification of data;
denial of the right to conduct business;
criminal penalties;
other enforcement actions including debarment from government contracts;
loss of clients and/or business; and
litigation from clients and/or patients and/or regulatory authorities and/or other affected third parties, and resulting
material penalties, damages and costs.
We are subject to political, regulatory, operational and legal risks associated with our international operations.
We are one of a small group of organizations with the capability and expertise to conduct clinical trials on a global basis.
We believe that this capability to provide our services globally in most major and developing pharmaceutical markets enhances our
ability to compete for new business from large multinational pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. We
have expanded geographically in the past and intend to continue expanding in regions that have the potential to increase our client
base or increase our investigator and patient populations. We expect that revenues earned in emerging markets will continue to
account for an increasing portion of our total revenues. However, emerging market operations may present several risks, including
civil disturbances, health concerns, cultural differences such as employment, regulatory and business practices, compliance with
economic sanctions, laws and regulations, volatility in gross domestic product, economic and governmental instability, the potential
for nationalization of private assets and the imposition of exchange controls. In addition, operating globally means the Company
faces the challenges associated with coordinating its services across different countries, time zones and cultures.
Changes in the political and regulatory environment in the international markets in which we operate such as price or
exchange controls could impact our revenue and profitability and could lead to penalties, sanctions and reputational damages if
we are not compliant with those regulations. Political uncertainty and a lack of institutional continuity in some of the emerging,
developing or other countries in which we operate could affect the orderly operation of markets in these economies. In addition, in
countries with a large and complicated structure of government and administration, national, regional, local and other governmental
bodies may issue inconsistent decisions and opinions that could increase our cost of regulatory compliance and/or have a material
adverse effect on our business.
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom, or U.K., held a referendum, referred to as “Brexit”, in which voters approved an
exit from the European Union (EU). In October 2019, a Brexit deal was agreed in principle. The UK have left the EU with effect from
January 31, 2020 and have entered an eleven month transition period which will end on December 31, 2020. The British government
continues to negotiate the terms of the U.K.’s future relationship with the EU. The terms of the withdrawal agreement continue to
be unknown however it is likely that there will be greater restrictions on trade and the transfer of goods and other items (including
lab samples) between the U.K. and EU. countries and increased regulatory complexities. At present, these changes are not expected
to significantly affect our operations or financial results. Approximately 3% of our revenue is billed in Sterling. We currently employ
approximately 900 people in the U.K. The announcement of Brexit and continued uncertainty around the withdrawal terms caused
volatility in global stock markets and exchange rates. Continued fluctuation in currency exchange rates may expose us to gains
and losses on non U.S. currency transactions.
Uncertainty of the legal environment in some emerging countries could also limit our ability to enforce our rights. In certain
emerging and developing countries we enjoy less comprehensive protection for some of our rights, including intellectual property
rights, which could undermine our competitive position.
If any of the above risks or similar risks associated with our international operations were to materialize, our results of
operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
13
We operate in many different jurisdictions and we could be adversely affected by violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices
Act of 1977 (FCPA), UK Bribery Act of 2010 and similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions.
The FCPA, UK Bribery Act of 2010 and similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions prohibit companies and their
intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. In addition, the FCPA imposes
certain books, records and accounting control obligations on public companies and other issuers. Our internal policies mandate
compliance with these anti-corruption laws. We operate in many jurisdictions that have experienced corruption to some degree and
in certain circumstances, anti-corruption laws have appeared to conflict with local customs and practices. Despite our training and
compliance programs, we cannot assure that our internal control policies and procedures will protect us from acts in violation of
anticorruption laws committed by persons associated with us and our continued expansion, including in developing countries, could
increase such risk in the future. Violations of the FCPA, the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act of 2010 or other similar anti-corruption laws in
other jurisdictions, or even allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation. For example, violations of anti-corruption laws can result in
restatements of, or irregularities in, our financial statements as well as severe criminal or civil sanctions. In some cases, companies
that violate the FCPA might be debarred by the U.S. government and/or lose their U.S. export privileges. In addition, U.S. or other
governments may seek to hold us liable for successor liability FCPA violations or violations of other anticorruption laws committed
by companies that we acquire or in which we invest. Changes in anti-corruption laws or enforcement priorities could also result in
increased compliance requirements and related costs which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows.
Current and proposed laws and regulations regarding the protection of personal data could result in increased risks of
liability or increased costs to us or could limit our service offerings.
The confidentiality, collection, use and disclosure of personal data, including clinical trial patient-specific information, is
subject to governmental regulation generally in the country that the personal data was collected or used. For example, United States
federal regulations under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, and as amended in 2014 by
the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act, require individuals’ written authorization, in
addition to any required informed consent, before Protected Health Information may be used for research. Such regulations specify
standards for de-identifications and for limited data sets. We are both directly and indirectly affected by the privacy provisions
surrounding individual authorizations because many investigators with whom we are involved in clinical trials are directly subject
to them as a HIPAA “covered entity” and because we obtain identifiable health information from third parties that are subject to such
regulations. As there are some instances where we are a HIPAA “business associate” of a “covered entity”, we can also be directly
liable for mishandling protected health information. Under HIPAA’s enforcement scheme, we can be subject to up to $1.5 million in
annual civil penalties for each HIPAA violation.
The European data protection framework was significantly revised in 2018 with the coming into force of the General Data
Protection Regulation ('GDPR') containing new provisions specifically directed at the processing of health information, sanctions
of up to 4% of worldwide gross revenue and extra-territoriality measures intended to bring non-EU companies under the proposed
regulation. Post GDPR implementation we are receiving increased volumes and breadth of data protection/privacy queries from
both sponsors and strategic alliance partners and anticipate that this will continue.
For the regulators in the European Union, or EU, personal data includes any information that relates to an identified or
identifiable natural person with health information carrying special obligations, including obtaining the explicit consent from the
individual for collection, use or disclosure of the information. EU regulations also apply to the personal data of EU data subjects
traveling or living outside the EU. In addition, we are subject to EU rules with respect to cross-border transfers of such data out of
the EU. The United States, the EU and its member states and other countries where we have operations, such as Japan, South
Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia and Singapore, continue to issue new privacy and data protection rules and regulations
that relate to personal data and health information. Failure to comply with certain certification/registration and annual re-certification/
registration provisions associated with these data protection and privacy regulations and rules in various jurisdictions, or to resolve
any serious privacy complaints, could subject us to regulatory sanctions, criminal prosecution or civil liability. Federal, state and
foreign governments are contemplating or have proposed or adopted additional legislation governing the collection, possession,
use or dissemination of personal data, such as personal health information and personal financial data as well as security breach
notification rules for loss or theft of such data. Additional legislation or regulation of this type might, among other things, require
us to implement new security measures and processes or bring within the legislation or regulation de-identified health or other
personal data, each of which may require substantial expenditures or limit our ability to offer some of our services. Additionally,
if we violate applicable laws, regulations or duties relating to the use, privacy or security of personal data, we could be subject to
civil liability or criminal prosecution, be forced to alter our business practices or suffer reputational harm.
14
The failure to comply with our government contracts or applicable laws and regulations could result in, among other
things, fines or other liabilities, and changes in procurement regulations could adversely impact our business, results of
operations or cash flows.
Revenues from our government customers are derived from sales to federal, state and local governmental departments
and agencies through various contracts. Sales to public segment customers are highly regulated. Noncompliance with contract
provisions, government procurement regulations or other applicable laws or regulations (including but not limited to the False Claims
Act) could result in civil, criminal and administrative liability, including substantial monetary fines or damages, termination of
government contracts or other public segment customer contracts, and suspension, debarment or ineligibility from doing business
with the government and other customers in the public segment. In addition, generally contracts in the public segment are terminable
at any time for convenience of the contracting agency or upon default. The effect of any of these possible actions by any governmental
department or agency could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the adoption of new or
modified procurement regulations and other requirements may increase our compliance costs and reduce our gross margins, which
could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Liability claims brought against us could result in payment of substantial damages, costs and liabilities and decrease our
profitability.
Customer Claims
If we breach the terms of an agreement with a customer (for example if we fail to comply with the agreement, all applicable
regulations or Good Clinical Practice) this could result in claims against us for substantial damages which could have a material
adverse effect on our business. As we are a “people business” in that we provide staff to provide our services in hospitals and other
sites, there is a risk that our management, quality and control structures fail to quickly detect a failure by one or more employees
or contractors to comply with all applicable regulations and Good Clinical Practice and our internal requirements and standard
operating procedures thereby exposing us to the risk of claims by customers.
Claims relating to Investigators
We contract with physicians who serve as investigators in conducting clinical trials to test new drugs on their patients. This
testing creates the risk of liability for personal injury to or death of the patients. Although investigators are generally required by law
to maintain their own liability insurance, we could be named in lawsuits and incur expenses arising from any professional malpractice
or other actions brought against the investigators with whom we contract.
Indemnification from Customers
Indemnifications provided by our customers against the risk of liability for personal injury to or death of the patients arising
from a study drug vary from customer to customer and from trial to trial and may not be sufficient in scope or amount, or our customer
may not have the financial ability to fulfill their indemnification obligations. Furthermore, we would be liable for our own negligence
and negligence of our employees which could lead to litigation from customers or action or enforcement by regulatory authorities.
Insurance
We maintain what we believe is an appropriate level of worldwide Professional Liability/Error and Omissions Insurance.
In the future we may be unable to maintain or continue our current insurance coverage on the same or similar terms. If we are liable
for a claim or settlement that is beyond the level of insurance coverage, we may be responsible for paying all or part of any award
or settlement amount. Also, the insurance policies contain exclusions which mean that the policy will not respond or provide cover
in certain circumstances.
Claims to Date
To date, we have not been subject to any liability claims that are expected to have a material effect on our business;
however, there can be no assurance that we will not become subject to such claims in the future or that such claims will not have
a material effect on our business.
Risk Related to Our Indebtedness
We have incurred debt, which could impair our flexibility and access to capital and adversely affect our financial position.
As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an outstanding principal amount of indebtedness of $350
million under our $350 million Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement or ‘Senior Notes’ entered into on December 15, 2015.
The Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2020.
15
We also have up to $150 million of additional borrowing capacity available under the Revolving Credit Facility which was
entered into with Citibank, JP Morgan, Santander, HSBC Bank and Morgan Stanley International on March 12, 2018. No amounts
were drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2019. This facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. We
continue to monitor the phasing out of LIBOR which is currently scheduled for 2021. In the absence of an agreed new rate, documents
continue to be negotiated using LIBOR. We will continue to engage with our lenders in respect of the requirement for a new rate
and seek an amendment letter at that point. We also continue to monitor the communications from the FASB in relation to this issue
and await further communications following the issuance of the proposed accounting standards update - Reference Rate Reform
(Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting on September 5, 2019.
The cost and availability of credit are subject to changes in the global or regional economic environment. If conditions in
the major credit markets deteriorate our ability to obtain debt financing on favorable terms may be negatively affected. We may
incur additional debt in the future. Our debt could have significant adverse consequences, including to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general
business purposes;
limit our ability to use our cash flow or obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures,
acquisitions or other general business purposes;
require us to use all or a portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service payments;
require us to sell certain assets;
restrict us from making strategic investments, including acquisitions or cause us to make non-strategic divestitures;
place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt;
cause us to incur substantial fees from time to time in connection with debt amendments or refinancing;
limit our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and industry; and
increase our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions.
We are required, under the terms of the Senior Notes, to offer to purchase all of the outstanding Senior Notes if we
experience a change of control. Similar requirements exist in the Revolving Credit Facility. These provisions may delay or prevent
a change in control that our stockholders may consider desirable.
Covenants in our credit agreements may restrict our business and operations and our financial condition and results of
operations could be adversely affected if we do not comply with those covenants.
The Senior Notes and the Revolving Credit Facility credit agreements include certain customary covenants that limit our
ability to, amongst other things, subject to certain exceptions:
•
•
•
•
incur or assume liens or additional debt;
dispose of assets;
engage in mergers or reorganizations; or
enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates.
The Senior Notes agreement also includes certain financial covenants that require us to comply with a consolidated
leverage ratio, a minimum EBITDA to consolidated net interest charge ratio and a maximum amount of priority debt, each of which
are defined in the Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement. Our ability to comply with these financial covenants may be affected
by events beyond our control.
16
Interest rate fluctuations may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions in the event
that the Company draws down on either Revolving Credit Facility or in respect of any future issuances of debt.
The interest rate in respect of the Senior Notes is fixed at 3.64% for the five year term of the agreement. The Revolving
Credit Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. There were no amounts drawn on the Revolving Credit Facility at December 31,
2019. We continue to monitor the phasing out of LIBOR which is currently scheduled for 2021. We have engaged with our lenders
on the implications of the change. In the absence of an agreed new rate, documents continue to be negotiated using LIBOR. We
will continue to engage with our lenders in respect of the requirement for a new rate and seek an amendment letter at that point.
The Company is therefore subject to interest rate volatility in respect of any future draw down on the Revolving Credit Facility or in
respect of any future issuances of debt.
Risk Related to Our Common Stock
Volatility in the market price of our common stock could lead to losses by investors.
The market price of our common stock has experienced volatility in the past and may experience volatility in the future
which could lead to losses for investors. Factors impacting volatility in the market price of our common stock include, amongst
others:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
general market and economic conditions;
our results of operations;
issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;
developments impacting the industry or our competitors;
introduction of new products or services by us or our competitors;
the public's reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or failure to meet this guidance;
changes in the credit rating of our debt;
sale, or anticipated sale, of large blocks of our stock;
additions or departures of key personnel;
regulatory or political developments;
litigation and governmental investigations;
changing economic conditions;
exchange rate fluctuations; and
other events or factors, including those resulting from natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to
those events.
In addition, stock markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. Future fluctuations in stock markets may lead to volatility in the market price of our
common stock which could lead to losses by investors.
If securities analysts or industry analysts do not publish reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or
our sector, our stock price and trading volumes could decline.
The trading market for common stock depends in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish
about us, our business or industry. We do not control these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade
our stock or our industry or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business
or industry, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports
on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
17
Your investment return may be reduced if we lose our foreign private issuer status.
We are a “foreign private issuer,” as such term is defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act 1933, and, therefore,
we are not required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC. In addition, the proxy rules
and Section 16 reporting and short-swing profit recapture rules are not applicable to us. If we lose our status as a foreign private
issuer by our election or otherwise and we become subject to the full reporting regime of the United States securities laws, we will
be subject to additional reporting obligations and proxy solicitation obligations under the Exchange Act and our officers, directors
and 10% shareholders would become subject to the short-swing profit rules. The imposition of these reporting rules would increase
our costs and the obligations of those affected by the short-swing rules.
We do not expect to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently do not expect to declare dividends on our common stock and have not done so in the past. We continue to
anticipate that our earnings will be used to provide working capital, to support operations and to finance the growth and development
of our business. They may also be used to continue our share repurchase program. Any determination to declare or pay dividends
in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to relevant laws and dependent on a number of factors,
including our earnings, capital requirements and overall financial condition. Therefore, the only opportunity for stockholders to
achieve a return on their investment may be if the market price of our common stock appreciates and shares are sold at a profit.
The market price for our common stock may not appreciate and may fall below the price stockholders paid for such common stock.
Environmental, social and governance matters may impact our business and reputation.
Increasingly, in addition to the importance of their financial performance, companies are being judged by their performance
on a variety of environmental, social and governance ('ESG') matters, which are considered to contribute to the long-term
sustainability of companies’ performance. A variety of organizations measure the performance of companies on such ESG topics,
and the results of these assessments are widely publicized. In addition, investment in funds that specialize in companies that
perform well in such assessments are increasingly popular, and major institutional investors have publicly emphasized the importance
of such ESG measures to their investment decisions. Topics taken into account in such assessments include, among others, the
company’s efforts and impacts on climate change and human rights, ethics and compliance with law, and the role of the company’s
board of directors in supervising various sustainability issues. We actively manage a broad range of such ESG matters, taking into
consideration their expected impact on the sustainability of our business over time, and the potential impact of our business on
society and the environment. However, in light of investors’ increased focus on ESG matters, there can be no certainty that we will
manage such issues successfully, or that we will successfully meet society’s perceived expectations as to our proper role. Any
failure or perceived failure by us in this regard could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and on our business, share
price, financial condition, or results of operations, including the sustainability of our business over time.
Item 4. Information on the Company.
A. History and development
ICON public limited company (“ICON plc”) is a clinical research organization (“CRO”), founded in Dublin, Ireland in 1990.
Over thirty years we have grown significantly to become a leading global provider of outsourced development and commercialization
services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government and public health organizations. Our mission is to help
our clients to accelerate the development of drugs and devices that save lives and improve quality of life.
We are a public limited company in Ireland and operate under the Companies Act of Ireland. Our principal executive office
is located at: South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Dublin 18, Republic of Ireland. The contact telephone number of this
office is +353 1 2912000. Our website is www.iconplc.com. Additionally, the SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains
reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
Our service offering includes clinical development, functional outsourcing and laboratory services. Our clinical development
services include all phases of development (Phases I-IV), peri and post approval and site and patient access services. Our laboratory
services include a range of high value testing services, including bionanalytical, biomarker, vaccine, good manufacturing practice
('GMP') and central laboratory services. We also offer full-service and functional service partnerships to our customers.
Over thirty years, the Company has expanded through organic growth, together with a number of strategic acquisitions to
enhance its expertise and capabilities in certain areas of the clinical development process and to broaden the service portfolio and
add scale to existing services.
18
Recent investments, which continue to strengthen our service offerings to meet the needs of our customers include:
•
•
•
•
On January 22, 2020 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Investments Limited, acquired 100% of the equity share
capital of MedPass International ("MedPass"). The initial consideration on acquisition was $39.2 million. MedPass is
the leading European medical device CRO, regulatory and reimbursement consultancy, that specializes in medical
device development and market access. The acquisition of MedPass further enhances ICON’s Medical Device and
Diagnostic Research Services, through the addition of new regulatory and clinical capabilities in Europe. The integration
of MedPass’s services brings noted expertise in complex class 3 medical devices, interventional cardiology and
structural heart devices;
On September 24, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research LLC, acquired a 100% interest in
Symphony (see note 4 - Goodwill in the consolidated financial statements). Founded in 2003 and operating from its
headquarters in Illinois, USA and Gdansk, Poland, Symphony is a leading provider of at-home trial services and site
support services from study start-up to closeout for Phase I-IV global studies. Symphony will grow ICON's patient
recruitment capabilities globally and complements ICON's site network in the USA, PMG Research and the recently
acquired site network in EMEA, MeDiNova. The initial consideration to acquire the 100% interest is cash of $35.0
million and contingent consideration of $2.5 million payable in 2020;
On May 23, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research (U.K.) Limited, acquired a majority shareholding
in MeDiNova, a site network with research sites in key markets in Europe and Africa, and has the right to acquire the
remaining shares in the company during 2020. The vendors also have a right to sell the remaining shares exclusively
to ICON during 2020. The initial consideration to acquire the majority shareholding was cash of $39.3 million and
contingent consideration of $14.8 million (see note 4 - Goodwill in the consolidated financial statements). The contingent
consideration was paid in October 2019. The acquisition further enhances ICON's patient recruitment capabilities in
EMEA and complements ICON's existing site network in the USA, PMG Research;
On January 25, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Laboratory Services, Inc., acquired 100% of the share
capital of MolecularMD Corp. ("MMD"). The consideration was $42.2 million (see note 4 - Goodwill in the consolidated
financial statements). MMD is a molecular diagnostic specialty laboratory that enables the development and
commercialization of precision medicines in oncology. It is a recognized leader in the analytical development and
clinical validation of molecular diagnostic assays. It offers a comprehensive test menu in immuno-oncology
development and services also include companion diagnostic development services. The acquisition enhances ICON’s
laboratory offering in molecular diagnostic testing and brings to ICON expanded testing platforms, including next
generation sequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC);
19
•
On July 27, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research Limited acquired Mapi Développement SAS
('Mapi') and its subsidiaries ("Mapi Group"). Mapi Group has over 40 years of experience supporting Life-Science
companies as the world leading Patient-Centered Research Company in commercializing novel treatments through
Real-World Evidence, Strategic Regulatory Services, Pharmacovigilance, Market Access and Language Services.
Mapi Group is the premier provider of Health Research and Commercialization services to Life-Science companies
enabling Market Authorization, Market Access and Market Adoption of novel therapeutics. Cash outflows on acquisition
were $145.8 million (see note 4 - Goodwill in the consolidated financial statements). The acquisition of Mapi Group
strengthened
commercialization presence, analytics, real world evidence generation and strategic regulatory services.
ICON’s existing commercialization and outcomes
research business adding significant
Business Overview
ICON is a leading global provider of outsourced development and commercialization services to pharmaceutical,
biotechnology, medical device, and government and public health organizations.
We offer a full range of clinical, consulting and commercial services that range from clinical development strategy, planning
and trial design, to full study execution, and post-market commercialization.
ICON provides its services across a range of clinical outsourcing operating models including strategic partnerships,
preferred provider, full service delivery to functional service provision and stand-alone services.
We specialize in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support all stages of the clinical
development process - from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. We earn revenue by providing a number of different
services to our customers. Those services are integral components of the clinical development process, include clinical trial
management, consulting, contract staffing and laboratory services.
Our vision is to be the Global CRO partner of choice in drug development by delivering best in class information, solutions
and performance in clinical and outcomes research. We believe that we are one of a select group of CROs with the expertise and
capability to conduct clinical trials in the major therapeutic areas on a global basis and have the operational flexibility to provide
development services on a stand-alone basis or as part of an integrated full service solution.
At December 31, 2019, we employed approximately 14,650 employees in 97 locations in 40 countries. During the year
ended December 31, 2019, we derived approximately 31.8%, 58.5% and 9.7% of our revenue in the United States, Europe and
Rest of World, respectively (see note 19 - Business Segment and Geographical Information in the consolidated financial statements).
The ICON Strategy
We have achieved strong growth since our foundation in 1990, as a global provider of outsourced development and
commercialization services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government and public health organizations. We
focus our innovation on those factors that are critical to our clients - reducing time to market, reducing cost and increasing quality.
Our global team has extensive experience in a broad range of therapeutic areas. ICON has been recognized as one of the world's
leading Contract Research Organizations (''CROs") through a number of high-profile industry awards.
As our market has evolved, biopharmaceutical companies are tackling productivity challenges, increasing budget
constraints and greater demands to demonstrate product value; all of which are placing increased pressure on their revenues and
levels of profitability. However these trends have generally been positive for CROs, as increased outsourcing has been adopted
by these companies as they seek to create greater efficiencies in their development processes, convert previously fixed costs to
variable, and accelerate time to market for new treatments.
One consequence of the drive to accelerate time to market will be increased emphasis on making existing drug development
phases more seamless, through the use of techniques such as adaptive trial designs to filter the most promising compounds and
test these in parallel in several therapeutic indications or with other drug combinations.
Regulatory and reimbursement pressures will increase the emphasis on late stage (post marketing) research, while
increasing requirements to demonstrate the economic value of new treatments. As a result, outcomes and comparative effectiveness
research will most likely be required in order to secure on-going product reimbursement. Furthermore, we believe advances in
molecular biology and genetics will drive further growth in innovation in the long term which in turn should create further growth
opportunities for both biopharma companies and their outsource development partners.
20
We expect that continued outsourcing will be a core strategy of clients in the near term as they respond to the increased
pressures on their revenues and profitability. Larger clients were the first to form strategic partnerships with global CROs in an effort
to reduce the number of outsource partners with whom they engage and to reduce inefficiencies in their current drug development
models. More recently we have seen the increasing adoption of this partner model with mid-tier pharmaceutical and biotechnology
firms as they also seek to drive development efficiencies. As outsourcing penetration increases, we believe clients may seek a
greater level of integration of service offerings from CROs, although some will continue to purchase services on a stand-alone
basis. Creating greater connectivity and “seamlessness” between our services and the sharing of “real-time” clinical, operational
and “real world” data with clients will therefore become increasingly important for CROs. ICON will seek to benefit from this increased
outsourcing by clients to grow our business by increasing market share with our existing client base and adding new clients within
the Phase I-IV outsourced development services market; the aim being to ensure we will be considered for all major Phase I-IV
projects.
Our strategy to achieve these objectives is focused on the following areas:
Partnerships, Customers and Market Focus
We continue to focus on expanding and deepening our partnerships with existing customers, while also developing new
customer relationships. Strategic client relationships will increasingly manifest themselves in many different forms. Many of these
relationships will require innovative forms of collaboration across ICON service areas and departments and will therefore require
increased flexibility to offer services on both a standalone functional basis and as part of a fully integrated service solution. To
support this objective, we continue to evolve our collaboration and delivery models, invest in technology that will enable closer data
integration across our service areas and enhance our project and program management capabilities.
We continue to enhance our capabilities through both organic service development and targeted acquisitions, to meet the
evolving needs of both existing and new clients. During the year, the Group acquired MMD, MeDiNova and Symphony who will
enhance ICON’s capabilities across multiple platforms and strengthen our value proposition to clients; particularly in our laboratory
and site network services.
ICON has a focused patient, site and data strategy, which is helping us to improve site identification, study placement and
patient recruitment and retention. A successful element of our strategy has been our integrated site network made up of PMG,
MeDiNova and Symphony and our ability to grow alliances with third party sites and healthcare institutions in the US and Europe.
These acquisitions further enhance ICON’s site network in the US and EMEA and strengthen our patient recruitment capabilities
to help recruit patients into studies faster. Please refer to Item 4 Information on the Company, for further details of these acquisitions.
We continue to target growth in under-penetrated CRO market segments, outsourcing penetration within Medical Device
companies has lagged that of bio-pharma firms but is beginning to accelerate. EU Regulatory reform enacted in 2017 is a further
catalyst to growth in this segment as it included stricter requirements to perform clinical evaluations and post sale surveillance.
21
Operational Excellence and Quality
We continue to enhance our operating processes and delivery models to gain competitive advantage.
Our proprietary ICONIK platform, which integrates clinical data across multiple systems allows us to access clinical and
real world data to enhance protocol design, profile match patients to trials. It also facilitates collection of real-time data during the
trial process enabling better decision making and project execution. The platform uses data and evidence based research to develop
solutions that engage investigators and patients more effectively to improve patient recruitment and retention.
ADDPLAN is part of the ICONIK Informatics Hub. The software provides industry leading statistical design, simulation and
analysis for adaptive clinical trials, from Phase I to IV and helps our customers identify the most promising drug candidates earlier
in the development process and in parallel test these across several therapeutic indications and with other drug combinations.
ADDPLAN is used by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA (Europe) and PMDA (Japan), top pharmaceuticals, medical device companies,
and academia.
Finding and engaging suitable patients to conduct clinical trials is one of the biggest issues facing the drug development
industry today. Less than 1% of the US population participates in clinical trials and the performance of investigative sites that do
take part in research is uneven, hard to predict and many trials do not meet the initial recruitment goals. The current market challenge
in patient enrollment creates an opportunity for ICON to differentiate its service offering and we are working to reduce patient
recruitment times through enhanced site and investigator selection based on key performance metrics and through use of our
proprietary Firecrest technology which is used to train and support sites during the development process. Our PMG, MeDiNova
and Symphony site network alliances enhanced our ability to enroll patients onto the clinical studies we perform. We have also
developed strategic alliances with investigator site groups and health care systems in all major global research markets. In partnership
with others we are pioneering patient recruitment solutions that leverage cognitive computing to transform clinical trial matching
and allow a data-driven approach to deliver the right patients for trials. One Search is our intuitive, integrated workflow and
interrogation tool that enables access to multiple data sources and provides the visualization and tools necessary for optimum site
identification based on ICON and industry data of capability, experience and performance. Scoring on enrollment performance,
speed of start-up and quality supports better site selection.
Quality project execution underpins all that we do and we have an ongoing focus on developing our people and processes
to continue to enhance our service delivery. We also deploy supporting technologies which we believe will enable faster and deeper
insights into the quality of trial data.
We are focused on operational excellence across our support functions and we operate a global business support
infrastructure across functions including finance, information technology, facilities, human resources and legal. This enables us to
enhance the service levels across these support areas whilst driving down the costs of the service provision.
Talent, Leadership Development and Culture
At the core of our strategy is our people. Within ICON we have highly qualified and experienced teams, the majority of
whom have third level educational qualifications. The need to develop and retain this expertise and talent within the organization
is fundamental in enabling us to be the global CRO partner of choice for our customers. We have invested in creating an innovative
learning environment delivered through ICON’s training and development group, who have formed an industry leading collaboration
with University College Dublin. This enables ICON to provide customized management and development programs for global
employees. These programs are focused on leadership development for those people management roles and specific technical
training in competencies that are core to our business, such as project and program management and clinical research associate
development. We continue to invest to refine and develop these programs.
Our learning and development programs are complemented by advanced people development practices which incorporate
rigorous, analytics based screening in the hiring process, global career frameworks, pay for performance aligned to our
strategy, and on-going talent review and succession planning.
Our leadership and talent programs contribute to the enhanced retention of our employees, better project deliverables for
our customers and the enhanced financial performance of the business.
Enhance Capabilities & Expertise
To meet the evolving needs of our clients we continue to enhance our capabilities through both organic service development
and targeted acquisitions. During 2019, we continued to enhance our scientific and therapeutic expertise to support our customers
in specific areas including Oncology, Orphan and Rare Diseases, CNS, Dermatology, Infectious Disease and Womens Health.
22
We have continued to invest in building our capabilities in the gathering, analysis and application of real world patient data
within both the clinical trial and post-trial observational study environments. Alongside expanding internal capabilities, we continue
to develop innovative partnerships with providers of real world data including EHR4CR and TriNetX. During 2018, we signed an
agreement with Intel to deploy the Intel® Pharma Analytics Platform for use in clinical trials. The Intel platform is an artificial
intelligence solution that enables remote monitoring and continuous capture of clinical data from study subjects using sensors and
wearable devices and can apply machine learning techniques to objectively measure symptoms and quantify the impact of new
therapies.
We continued to enhance our site and patient recruitment capabilities during 2019 with the acquisitions of MeDiNova and
Symphony during the year along with the 2018 expansion of the PMG Research network through a partnership with the Du Page
Medical Group. DuPage is the largest independent, multi-specialty physician group in the Chicagoland area with access to more
than 700 physicians in over 50 clinical specialties ranging from primary to specialty care in areas such as cardiology and oncology.
Through this agreement PMG assumed the research infrastructure at DuPage providing expanded investigator and patient access
and bringing clinical research as a care option to the communities served.
Applied Innovation
Innovation at ICON is focused on the factors that are critical to our clients. We develop integrated technologies to significantly
enhance the efficiency and productivity of clients’ drug and device development programs, providing true transparency across all
areas of a study.
ICON is focused on applying innovation that can help our customers improve their development outcomes. We are focusing
this innovation in three critical areas; improving clinical trial design and execution; faster and more predictable patient recruitment;
and evolving clinical trials to be more patient centric which includes data collection and analysis directly from patient’s digital devices.
Our approach to developing solutions to these challenges incorporates partnering with best in class technology providers but is
also supported by a suite of differentiated ICON proprietary technologies.
In addition to our ICONIK platform and ADDPLAN software (see details on page 22), Firecrest; ICON’s proprietary
comprehensive site performance management system, is a web-based solution which enables accurate study information, including
protocol information, training manuals and case report forms, to be rolled out quickly and simultaneously to investigative sites. It
allows site behavior to be tracked to ensure training is understood, procedures are being followed and that timelines and study
parameters are met. It can significantly reduce the number of data queries originated from investigator sites. For additional details
on our information systems and applied innovation see the Information System section on page 35.
Alongside the application of these technology solutions we are also focused on innovation through the redesign and where
appropriate the automation of current clinical trial processes.
Capabilities and Service Offerings
ICON is a global provider of drug development solutions and services to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical
device industries. These solutions span the Clinical Development lifecycle from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies
and post approval outcome research and market access consulting solutions.
23
We offer a broad range of specialized services to assist pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies to
bring new drugs and devices to market faster. Our services span the entire lifecycle of product development and can be adapted
to suit local trials or large global programs. Specific clinical development services offered to biopharmaceutical and medical device
companies include:
Product Development Planning
Strategic Consulting
Study Protocol Preparation
Clinical Pharmacology
Patient Recruitment & Retention
Clinical Operations /Monitoring
Adaptive Trials -ADDPLAN
Biostatistics
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic
Analysis
Digital Patient and Site Solutions -
FIRECREST
Patient Centric Monitoring
Virtual Trials
Medical Affairs
Site Feasibility - EMR & Data Analytics
ICON owned Site Networks
Project Management
Data Management
Medical Imaging
Pharmacovigilance
Strategic Regulatory Services
Electronic Endpoint Adjudication
Medical Writing and Publishing
Interactive Response Technologies
Functional Solutions
Research Trials for US Government
Agencies
Strategic Resourcing Central
Laboratories
Bioanalytical Laboratories
Biomarket Development
Real World Strategy & Analytics
Real World & Late Phase Research
Patient Centered Sciences
Medical Device & Diagnostics Research
Access, Commercialization &
Communications
ICON offers a comprehensive service portfolio supporting all aspects of drug development.
Industry Overview
The CRO industry provides independent product development solutions and services for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology
and medical device industries. Companies in these industries outsource services to CROs in order to manage the drug and device
development process more efficiently and to bring both patent-protected bio-similars and medical devices to market faster to enhance
patient well-being and maximize their return on investment. The CRO industry has evolved since the 1970s from a small number
of companies that provided limited clinical development services to a larger number of CROs that offer a range of services that
encompass the entire research and development process, including pre-clinical development, clinical trials management, clinical
data management, study design, biostatistical analyses, post market surveillance, regulatory affairs, central laboratory and market
access services. CROs are required to provide services in accordance with good clinical and laboratory practices, as governed by
the applicable regulatory authorities.
24
The CRO industry is highly fragmented, consisting of several hundred small, limited-service providers, medium sized
CROs and a small number of large CROs with global operations. Although there are few barriers to entry for small, specialist service
providers, we believe there are significant barriers to becoming a CRO with global capabilities and expertise. These barriers include
the infrastructure and experience necessary to serve the global demands of clients (sponsors), the ability to recruit sites and patients
globally, the simultaneous management of complex clinical trials, the ability to offer customers a variety of delivery models, broad
therapeutic expertise and the development and maintenance of the complex information technology systems required to integrate
these capabilities. In recent years, the CRO industry has experienced consolidation, resulting in the emergence of a select group
of CROs that have the capital, technical resources, integrated global capabilities, data and expertise to manage the development
programs of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies. We believe that large and medium sized pharmaceutical
companies are selecting a limited number of CRO service providers with which they deal rather than utilizing many, in order to form
strategic partnerships with global CROs in an effort to drive incremental development efficiencies and leverage the scientific and
medical expertise. We believe that this trend will continue to concentrate the market share among the larger CROs with a track
record of quality, speed, flexibility, responsiveness, global capabilities and access to patients and overall development experience
and expertise.
New Drug Development – Ethical Pharmaceuticals and Biologics - An Overview
Before a new drug or biologic may be marketed, it must undergo extensive testing and regulatory review in order to
determine that it is safe and effective. The following discussion primarily relates to the FDA approval process for such products.
Similar procedures must be followed for product development with other global regulatory agencies. The stages of this development
process are as follows:
Preclinical Research “In vitro” (test tube) and animal studies must be conducted in accordance with applicable regulations
to establish the relative toxicity of the drug over a wide range of doses and to detect any potential to cause birth defects, affect vital
organs, cause mutations or cancer. Many of these tests must be performed before a new investigational therapy can progress into
human studies. If results warrant continuing development of the drug or biologic, the sponsor or owner of the asset will file for an
Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, which must be approved by the FDA before starting the proposed clinical trials.
However, preclinical studies will continue to be conducted in parallel with the clinical trials, some of which can take up to 3 years
to complete.
Clinical Trials (approximately 3.5 to 7 years).
Exploratory Development
Phase I (approximately 6 months to 1 year) consists of basic safety and tolerability testing in small numbers of human
subjects, initially in healthy volunteers, and includes studies which may show the drug is having an effect on the body, if it is safe,
how it is affected by other drugs, where it goes in the body, how long it remains active and how it is broken down by and eliminated
from the body. After single and multiple dose studies have been conducted, the asset can progress into Phase II, however, Phase
I studies will continue to be done to help support the development of the asset in new populations such as children or the elderly.
Phase II (approximately 2 to 3 years) includes basic efficacy and dose-range testing in a limited patient population (usually)
100 to 200 patients to help provide preliminary safety and evidence that the drug is likely to be effective in the target disease. If the
Phase II results are satisfactory the sponsor may decide to proceed to Phase III studies.
Confirmatory Development
Phase III (2 years or greater) consists of efficacy and safety studies in several hundred to a few thousand patients at
multiple investigational sites (hospitals and clinics), often in multiple geographies.
FDA approval, through submission of an investigational new drug (IND) application, is necessary for all clinical trials,
regardless of the phase of development. In addition, parallel independent committee approval is also required.
NDA or BLA Preparation and Submission. Upon completion of Phase III trials, the sponsor assembles the statistically
analyzed data from all phases of development into a single large submission along with the Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls
(CMC) and preclinical data and the proposed labeling into the New Drug Application (NDA), or Biologics License Application (BLA)
and submits them for assessment and approval by the relevant division of the FDA.
Expanded Access Programs (EAPs). Sometimes a study drug may continue to be provided to subjects after completion
of a clinical trial, also called compassionate use. EAPs refer to the regulated use of a study drug outside of a clinical trial by patients
with serious or life-threatening conditions where there is no alternative therapy available. In this context the FDA may allow the
sponsor to make the study drug available to a larger number of patients for treatment use.
25
FDA Review and Approval of NDA or BLA (1 to 1.5 years). Data from all phases of development is scrutinized to confirm
that the applicant company has complied with all applicable regulations and that the benefit to risk ratio for the drug or biologic is
positive for the specific use (or “indication”) under study. The FDA may refuse to accept the NDA or BLA if the application has
administrative or content criteria which do not meet FDA standards. The FDA may also deny approval of the drug or biologic product
if applicable regulatory requirements are not satisfied, if the drug has not adequately shown to be effective or there are safety
concerns. Often a company will be required to conduct specific studies after the approval of a drug. These are called post approval
commitments.
Post-Market Surveillance, Phase IV Studies and Health Outcomes. Once approved by the FDA, the FDA requires the
drug or biologic license holder to collect and periodically report to the FDA additional safety (and perhaps efficacy) data on the drug
or biologic for as long as the license holder markets it (post-market surveillance, including pharmacovigilance). If the product is
marketed outside the U.S., these reports must include data from all countries in which the drug is sold. Additional studies (Phase
III and Phase IV) may be undertaken after initial approval to find new uses for the drug, to test new dosage formulations, or to
confirm selected non-clinical benefits, e.g., increased cost-effectiveness or improved quality of life. Additionally, FDA and other
regulatory agencies are requiring license holders of drugs or biologics to prepare risk management plans which are aimed at
assessing areas of product risk and actively managing such risks throughout the product lifecycle.
Key Trends Affecting the CRO Industry
CROs derive substantially all of their revenue from the research and development expenditures of pharmaceutical,
biotechnology and medical device companies. Based on investment analyst research and our internal estimates, we estimate that
development expenditures outsourced by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide in 2019 was approximately $35
billion. We believe that the following trends create further growth opportunities for global CROs, although there is no assurance
that growth will materialize.
Continued Innovation and Development of Enabling Technologies
Innovation Driving New Drug Development Activity.
New technologies together with improved understanding of disease pathology (driven by scientific advances such as the
mapping of the human genome) have increased the number of new drug candidates being investigated in early development. This
has greatly broadened the number of biological mechanisms being targeted which increasingly include rare/orphan diseases that
currently have no effective treatments.
These developments should lead to increased activity in both Preclinical and Phase I development and in turn lead to
more treatments in Phase II-III clinical trials. As the number of trials that need to be performed increases and these trials become
focused in indications where finding suitable patients is increasingly challenging, we believe that drug developers will increasingly
rely on CROs to manage these trials to leverage their global expertise and to continue to focus their own competences on drug
discovery and sales and marketing.
New Technology Enabling More Efficient Development.
Technology innovation is playing an increasing important role in helping to support more efficient drug development.
Leveraging differentiated technology solutions and data collaborations drives better execution in clinical trials. The larger CROs
have been at the forefront of this innovation developing technology solutions that support the integration of trial data across multiple
systems; data repositories that enable sponsors to get real time clinical insights on their drugs performance and tools that support
better trial designs and operation. See further details on our new technologies and innovations in the section on information systems
on page 35.
The emergence of M-health technologies that build on the global prevalence of mobile and digital technologies also have
an influence on drug development. It is now possible to capture health data using mobile devices and wearables. This enables
sponsors to gather new clinical and “real-world” patient insights and will also be used to enhance patient engagement and adherence
throughout the development process. As these devices mature it will also be possible to complete more “virtual trials” based on
remote monitoring of patients in their home environment which may drive further efficiencies in the trial process.
Social media is also becoming an important platform for life sciences companies to strengthen patient engagement
programs and collaborate with other stakeholders in the health care system. Many sufferers of specific diseases are forming patient
groups and actively collaborating using social media. These groups represent an important potential source of patients for new
clinical studies but can also provide valuable insights into effectiveness and safety of new treatments.
As the influence of technology on drug development grows, it broadens the potential number of partners that CROs will
work with in the future.
26
Expanded use of new patient data sources.
Pharmaceutical companies are looking to access a variety of new health care data sources containing medical and
prescribing records to help improve development programs and to get better evidence of the value their treatments are bringing to
patients once they are launched in the market. The larger global CROs have significant data management experience which can
be leveraged to support these efforts and have invested in analytics capabilities to help deliver better insights for customers during
the product lifecycle. Global CROs are also forging collaborations to access specific data sets that can provide further patient
insights to support better matching of patients to the clinical trial process.
Improving Productivity and Operating Efficiencies
Continuing focus on Productivity within Research and Development Programs.
Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to seek ways to improve the productivity of their development
efforts and increasingly see the use of CROs as a strategic component of these efforts. They are leveraging the expertise with
CROs to help identify the most promising drug candidates in early development and discontinue developing those that have safety
issues, limited efficacy or that will have significant reimbursement challenges. These companies are also initiating programs to
drive more efficiency in their development programs. One example of this has been the efforts to achieve a more seamless transition
across development phases, particularly Phase I-III. In parallel, regulatory initiatives such as the 21st Century Cures Act and the
emergence of clinical trial techniques such as adaptive trial design and risk based clinical trial monitoring are enhancing development,
allowing effective treatments to get to patients quicker at reduced development costs.
Cost Containment Pressures.
Over the past several years, drug companies have sought more efficient ways of conducting business due to margin
pressures stemming from patent expirations, greater acceptance of generic drugs, pricing pressures caused by the impact of
managed care, purchasing alliances and regulatory consideration of the economic benefit of new drugs. Consequently, drug
companies are centralizing research and development, streamlining their internal structures and outsourcing certain functions to
CROs, thereby converting previously fixed costs to variable costs. Larger companies (and more recently medium sized companies)
are actively entering strategic partnerships with a limited number of CROs in an effort to drive increased efficiencies. The CRO
industry and in particular large CROs with global capabilities, considerable scientific knowledge and expertise are often able to
perform the needed services with greater focus and at a lower cost than the client could perform internally, although CRO companies
themselves are facing increased cost containment pressures as drug companies seek to further reduce their cost base.
Global trends influencing the CRO industry
Pressure to accelerate Time to Markets and Globalization of the Marketplace.
Reducing product development time maximizes the client’s potential period of patent exclusivity, which in turn maximizes
potential economic returns. We believe that clients are increasingly using CROs that have the appropriate expertise and innovation
to improve the speed of product development to assist them in improving economic returns. In addition, applying for regulatory
approval in multiple markets and for multiple indications simultaneously, rather than sequentially, reduces product development
time and thereby maximizes economic returns. We believe that CROs with global capabilities, considerable knowledge and
experience in a broad range of therapeutic areas are key resources to support a global regulatory approval strategy. Alongside this,
the increasing need to access pools of new patients is leading to the conduct of clinical trials in new “emerging regions” such as
Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and South America. We believe that having access to both traditional and emerging
clinical research markets gives global CROs a competitive advantage.
Growth within the Biotechnology Sector.
The nature of the drugs being developed is continuing to change. Biotechnology is enabling the development of targeted
drugs with diagnostic tests to determine whether a drug will be effective given a patient’s genomic profile. An increasing proportion
of research and development (“R&D”) expenditure is being spent on the development of highly technical drugs to treat very specific
therapeutic areas in areas of unmet medical need. Much of this discovery expertise is found in biotechnology firms. We believe
that it is to these organizations that the large pharmaceutical companies will look for an increasing proportion of their new drug
pipelines. Whether it is through licensing agreements, joint ventures or equity investment, we believe we may see the emergence
of more strategic relationships between small discovery firms and the larger pharmaceutical groups. As the majority of these
biotechnology companies do not have a clinical development infrastructure, we believe that the services offered by CROs will
continue to be in demand from such companies providing they have the necessary funding.
27
Increasing Number of Large Long-Term Studies and an increasing requirement to show the Economic Value of New Treatments.
We believe that to establish competitive claims and demonstrate product value, to obtain reimbursement authorization
from bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK, and to encourage drug prescription by
physicians in some large and competitive categories, more clients need to conduct outcome studies to demonstrate, for example,
that mortality rates are reduced by certain drugs. To verify such outcomes, very large patient numbers are required and they must
be monitored over long time periods. We believe that as these types of studies increase there will be a commensurate increase in
demand for the services of CROs who have the ability to quickly assemble large patient populations, globally if necessary, and
manage this complex process throughout its duration.
The rising costs of health care in most developed countries also means there is an increasing pressure to show that new
medical treatments are more cost effective and deliver better patient outcomes than existing treatments regimes. This also means
that sponsors need to increasingly generate outcomes data both as part of the product approval submissions and as part of post-
approval research programs. This is creating opportunities for CROs who can offer support in developing and interpreting this data.
A Focus on Long-term Product Safety.
The clinical trial approval process can only detect major and common adverse side effects of drugs; less common but no
less serious side effects may only become apparent after many years of use. As a result, there is an increase in the number of
drugs given “conditional approvals” where further ‘post-approval’ studies are being mandated. In addition, prudent sponsors
undertake similar studies to detect early warning signs of any potential problems with their products. Such studies may take the
form of prospective long-term safety studies, simpler observational studies or registries where patients meeting specific criteria for
disease or drug use are followed for long periods to detect any safety issues. CROs are well positioned to perform these studies
on behalf of sponsors.
Increasing Regulatory Demands.
Regulatory agencies are requiring more data to support new drug approvals and are seeking more evidence that new
drugs are safer and more effective than existing products. As a result, the complexity of clinical trials, the number of procedures
required to be conducted in these trials and the size of regulatory submissions are driving the demand for services provided by
CROs.
Sustainability and Environmental Management
Environmental, Social and Governance
Our mission is to help our customers accelerate the development of drugs and devices that save lives and improve the
quality of life. We help our customers deliver life-changing medicines by being innovative in our solutions, collaborative in how we
work as teams, accountable for the results we achieve and committed to doing the right thing for our customers and the patients
they serve. Our business model is described in the sections preceding this. Our core values underpin our mission and drive a culture
and mind-set of ownership at ICON. “Own it @ ICON” is how we define our culture. Our culture of ownership connects us to the
core values at the heart of the Company and helps us differentiate how we work with our customers to achieve their goals.
Our values are:
Accountability & delivery: We take pride in what we do
•
• Collaboration: We are one team
•
•
Partnership: We partner with our customers
Integrity: We do the right thing
28
Our values underpin how we work together to deliver on our mission to help our customers accelerate the development
of drugs and devices that save lives and improve the quality of life. These values and our Code of Ethical Conduct, which underpins
these values, form the core of what we do and how we do it. It applies to all officers, directors, employees, consultants and agents
globally. All employees and temporary workers are mandated to complete global ethics training.
During 2019, ICON established an Environmental, Social, and Governance Committee ('ESG Committee'). The ESG
Committee is chaired by the Chief Administrative Officer ('CAO') of the Group. The CAO is responsible for reporting to the ICON
management leadership team and Board on ESG matters.
The purpose of the ESG Committee is to support the Company's on-going commitment to the environment, social matters,
health and safety, corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, sustainability and other public policy matters relevant to
the Company. The ESG Committee is a cross-functional management committee of the Company with representation from facilities,
corporate communications, finance, legal, investor relations and human resources departments. The Committee assists and
supports executive management and the Board of the Company in;
•
•
determining and setting the strategy relating to ESG matters and
developing, implementing and monitoring initiatives and policies based on that strategy
ICON is committed to delivering excellence and care to the communities in which we operate. This includes conducting
our business in an environmentally sustainable manner as set out in our Global Code of Ethical Conduct. We achieve this by
managing and improving our environmental performance across all business activities. Our employees, directors, officers,
contractors, and temporary workers are expected to support our sustainability objectives.
As a Clinical Research Organization, we recognize the impact of how we operate on the environment in the following key
areas:
•
•
•
•
•
•
energy use;
waste generation;
emissions to air/water;
water use;
transport; and
procurement.
Our Global Environmental Management Policy and Environmental Management Plan were approved during 2018. Our
Environmental Management Plan and Performance Statement sets out the environmental actions and targets we will carry out to
ensure compliance with our Global Environmental Management Policy and to engage our employees in supporting our objectives
for continued improvement. Our Environmental Performance Statement is available to employees and our customers. The plan
sets out our commitment to conducting our business in an environmentally sustainable manner by managing and improving our
environmental performance across all business activities. Our plan sets out our initiatives and goals for the next four years.
Responsibilities for the implementation of our objectives and co-ordination of our sustainability efforts and reporting on
progress to the executive leadership is led by our facilities team, reporting to our Global Chief Administrative Officer and General
Counsel, with input from our procurement, global legal, corporate communications and human resources teams through our ESG
Committee.
29
We track, calculate and report our carbon footprint and use the information available to continue to improve our processes
and reduce our impact. We follow the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Standard, which is the global corporate accounting
and reporting standard for calculating carbon emissions. We have more than 80 facilities globally which operate in office buildings,
where the primary energy consumption is electricity for light and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Our central
laboratories also operate laboratory instruments.
Where we have direct control over the buildings we operate, we ensure energy efficient lighting solutions. Where we do
not have direct control over our facilities, we work with our landlords and other stakeholders to encourage energy efficient lighting
solutions. We also work hard to extend the useful life of our equipment and ensure appropriate disposal of assets when
decommissioned.
Our people are expected to support our waste management and disposal programs and one of the goals of our
environmental management policy is to reduce our impact. During 2018 we commenced the development of a global waste
management system, which has been maintained during 2019.
Reflecting our continued commitment to sustainable practices, we have included an annual 'sustainability month' in our
calendar since 2017. The focus of the month is to promote best practices and highlight sustainable activities across all of our offices
and locations. This focus together with the introduction of increased recycling facilities at our key sites contributed to our objectives
to reduce waste during 2019. We continue to work to increase the number of our offices engaging in waste reduction strategies in
all areas. We have replaced disposable coffee cups with reusable alternatives and developed objectives relating to reduced paper
consumption through the use of electronic documents and signatures.
We actively promote the use of technology and teleconferencing facilities in our efforts to reduce travel and commuting
activities. During sustainability month, our people were encouraged to car share and utilize public transport. We include air travel
miles in our carbon footprint monitoring.
Our internal portals include a MyICON page on Environment and Sustainability which reflects policy, practice, promotions
and updates on our commitment to sustainability.
We also require our suppliers to abide by our Global Supplier Code of Conduct which includes a commitment to comply
with applicable environmental laws and regulations, our expectations around waste management and sustainable use of resources.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Our Corporate Social Responsibility ('CSR') initiatives are aligned with ICON’s values. ICON supports a variety of CSR
programs. Our programs aim to make a positive difference to the communities in which we work and live and also recognize the
enthusiasm and creativity of our people in their efforts to give something back to their communities.
Our CSR activities are focused on two core areas:
•
•
Supporting education & building closer ties between industry & academia; and
Improving the welfare of people in the communities in which we live.
Supporting education & building closer ties between industry & academia
ICON is a strong supporter of bridging the ties between industry and academia and inspiring the next generation of business
and scientific leaders.
• Benefactor through the Centuries of Trinity College Dublin - In February 2020, ICON was recognized as a benefactor
of Trinity College Dublin in recognition of the creation of the ICON McKeon Research Fellowship in Motor Neuron Disease
in recognition of Mr. Declan McKeon, former Board member, acting Chairman, Lead Independent Director and Chair of
the ICON Audit committee. The ICON-McKeon Research Fellow in MND will carry out research in the areas of machine-
learning and artificial intelligence to derive insights from multimodal clinical, imaging neuro-electric signaling, in the context
of the neurodegenerative disease of ALS.
•
•
Strategic Partnership with University College Dublin. ICON has been engaged in a strategic partnership with UCD
since 2012, which has been heralded as a model for industry-academia collaboration.
Scholarships supporting female GAA players. ICON has a partnership with the Women’s Gaelic Players Association,
whereby we provide ICON-GPA Life Sciences Scholarships to inter-county football and camogie players engaged in
undergraduate and post-graduate life sciences courses. ICON also provides mentoring to players to help them on their
career journeys.
30
•
•
Partnership with Junior Achievement to inspire schoolchildren. ICON supports our people who take time out of their
working day over a period of 5 weeks to deliver Junior Achievement educational programs. Junior Achievement encourages
young people to remain in education and teaches them the skills they need to succeed in a changing world. Our volunteers
teach primary and secondary level students valuable business, STEM and entrepreneurship skills that will stand them in
good stead as they progress through education and beyond.
Science Gallery Founding Partner. ICON has been a lead corporate supporter of the Science Gallery at Trinity College
Dublin since its inception in 2008. Science Gallery aims to inspire and transform curious minds through engagement with
science.
Improving the welfare of people in the communities in which we live
ICON employees across the world are making a positive difference to their communities. We support causes that are
important to our employees and have a number of programs that support the welfare of people in our local communities. These
include:
• Corporate donations to employee-nominated charities. In 2019, ICON supported 10 charities across the world which
are supporting people living in poverty, who are suffering from a variety of diseases, are the victims of domestic violence,
or natural disasters. Over the last five years, ICON has supported over 60 charities across the world.
• Donations in support of employee fundraising. ICON employees raise significant amounts for a variety of charities
each year through in-house fundraising events. ICON recognizes the enormous effort and creativity of our employees who
fundraise for causes that are important to them by supplementing monies raised through ICON’s Charitable Donation
Program.
At the core of our strategy is our people
As set-out above, one of our four strategic pillars is 'Talent, Leadership Development and Culture'. Within ICON we have
highly qualified and experienced teams, the majority of whom have third level educational qualifications. The need to develop and
retain this expertise and talent within the organization is fundamental in enabling us to be the global CRO partner of choice for our
customers.
The training and development of our staff is a key focus for us
We have a comprehensive curriculum in place to support our people in their roles. We have invested in creating an
innovative learning environment delivered through ICON’s training and development group.
All of our people are required to complete mandatory training in key areas which support our values and our way of working.
They include (but are not limited to) the following areas:
• Global ethics compliance;
• Data protection and procedures;
•
• Confidentiality and maintaining communications; and
•
Social media usage.
IT security;
We have a well-established Graduate Development Program for our clinical teams, which now runs in the US, China,
Japan, South Korea and also Australia where we take recent graduates and prepare them for careers in clinical monitoring and
data management.
We also have formed collaboration with University College Dublin which enables ICON to provide customized management
and development programs for global employees. These programs are focused on leadership development for those people in
management roles and specific technical training in competencies that are core to our business, such as project and program
management and clinical research associate development.
Our learning and development program is complemented by advanced people development practices which incorporate
rigorous analytics based screening in the hiring process, global career frameworks, pay for performance aligned to our strategy,
and on-going talent review and succession planning.
Our leadership and talent program contribute to the enhanced retention of our employees, better project deliverables for
our customers and the enhanced financial performance of the business.
31
Individual development is supported through formal learning with our personal effectiveness series and via access to our
Career Hub portal. Our people can access a wealth of learning materials including courses, resources, toolkits, library items and
blogs to support the development of key competencies and improving their eligibility for future roles through these tools. Career
Hub also allows employees to understand and explore possible career paths and career opportunities available to them across the
organization and provides full transparency to all levels, skills and capabilities required for every role in ICON.
ICON is proud of this investment in our people. This investment translated to approximately four days training for each
person during 2019.
We are also committed to supporting the career aspirations of our people. Approximately 30% of all roles are filled internally.
As an organization we are keen to hear directly from our employees
Biennially we conduct a global employee engagement survey. Our most recent survey was conducted in October 2018
and had an 88% response rate. There are two key measures which we track closely. The first is Employee Engagement which
scored well at 70%, and was on par with the General Industry benchmark. The second is Employee Enablement, which also scored
at 70%, 3% above the General Industry benchmark. After each survey we engage in action planning with our people to address
areas they have highlighted as important for improvement. The last five years have shown a positive trend for both our engagement
and enablement scores. We completed an updated pulse survey during 2019 and a further global employee engagement survey
will be completed in 2020.
Difference drives innovative thinking and is critical to our success
We believe difference drives innovative thinking, which is critical to our customers, and as a global company with
approximately 14,650 employees in 40 countries, we encourage diversity of all kinds. We have grown rapidly, increasing our
headcount by more than fifty percent over the past 7 years.
As a truly global operation, we are deliberately structured as international teams so that we can support the delivery of
our customers' clinical development programs across multiple geographies. Recruitment, selection and promotion decisions are
merit-based and in line with the principles of reaching a wider talent pool and equal opportunity.
Building an inclusive workplace
We believe that difference drives innovative thinking and therefore is critical to our success. During 2019 we established
the ICON Diversity & Inclusion Steering Group. This Steering Group is comprised of six members of our Group executive team.
The executive leaders are supported by senior members of our human resources group.
At ICON, our leadership team sees diversity and inclusion in the workplace as at the core of how we work. We recognize
the importance of ensuring it is built into every aspect of the talent and employee life cycle. The three core principles which are
grounded in our values are;
• Diversity - we value difference of gender, race, ethnicity, culture and experience. We believe diversity of thought is what
•
•
drives high performing teams to create better solutions and deliver better outcomes for our customers.
Equality - we ensure all employees are treated fairly and equitably with no barriers to career opportunities. We are
committed to equal opportunities for all employees and reflect this in our policies and practices.
Inclusion - we are a values-driven organization that promotes dignity and respect in all interactions with our customers,
our teams and each other. We take pride in our collaborative and inclusive culture where everyone can bring their best
selves to their work and deliver the best performance for our customers and patients.
The Executive leadership group defined areas of focus for our Diversity & Inclusion agenda for 2019, which continue into
2020 and against which success will be measured. These key areas of focus are around talent management, country level inclusion
policies, reward, training, communications and a renewed focus on culture.
Our immediate areas of focus around driving inclusion and diversity include:
•
Training and Development - Under our Diversity and Inclusion Program, we train all our people leaders to understand
unconscious bias and similarity bias and also how to encourage diversity of thought and foster inclusion in their
teams. Our diversity and inclusion initiatives were launched at our Company wide Wake up to Culture day during
2019. The fundamentals will be embedded into all people leader programs, and reflect the values upon which we
assess performance behaviors.
32
•
Talent - We recognize that more diversity in senior leadership increases organizational performance. In 2019 we
launched our global Senior Director Leadership Program in addition to our Vice President High Potential program
for those people who have been identified as High Performing & High Potential Leaders. These programs focus on
core organizational skills that will enable these individuals to increase their readiness for promotion, as well as create
a strong internal network of senior leaders who feel empowered to take hold of their careers. These programs will
help build and support our development of a diverse and inclusive group of future leaders from within and complements
existing senior level programs already in existence in the organization. Early in 2020, our top 100 employees attended
'Inclusive Leadership training'. This training will be rolled out to our wider employee group from 2020.
• Recruitment and progression - We continue to strive to source the best talent in our industry from across the world
to fill the highly specialized roles required to help bring new drugs to market. Our most senior roles are truly global
in nature. Since 2018, we mandated gender balanced short lists for senior leadership appointments across the
organization in all markets in which we are located.
• Retention - We offer flexible working arrangements that help our people achieve balance. Approximately 45% of
our employees work remotely. We also support and facilitate part time working arrangements. Approximately 16%
of our people work part-time. We have a bonus program for all employees linked to individual and company
performance and also operate a global recognition program where peer to peer recognition and awards take place
for employees who go the extra mile. We also recognize and reward employees who reach significant service
milestones within the company
• Reward - The information relating to pay decisions is hosted through core technology, enabling our people leaders
•
and employees direct access to information which informs and supports equitable and consistent decision making.
We have made significant investment in organization design structures, tools and communications which ensures
that we have a gender neutral approach to pay decisions. We pay male and female employees equally for the same
or equivalent work. We have worked hard to structure our pay principles to ensure that gender is not a factor in how
we deliver rewards.
Partnership with Trinity Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities ('TCPID') - In 2019, we entered into a
partnership with the Trinity Centre for people with intellectual disabilities. The TCPID situated within the School of
Education, Trinity College Dublin, aims to promote the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in education
and society. The Center provides people who have intellectual disabilities with the opportunity to participate in a
higher education program designed to enhance their capacity to fully participate in society as independent adults.
The 2-year education program includes work placements and internships to enable students to experience and
participate in the work environment.
Human rights
ICON is committed to acting ethically and with integrity in all our business dealings. We are committed to human rights
and the adoption and pursuit of compliance with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Human Rights. Our business model and
our policies are intended to fully comply with applicable human rights legislation in the countries in which we operate. ICON’s Global
Supplier Code of Conduct also addresses our zero tolerance stance to slavery and human trafficking. ICON is completely opposed
to slavery and human trafficking and will not knowingly support or conduct business with any organization involved in such activities.
ICON does not employ anyone below the minimum employment age in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
In our Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement, we set out the measures we are taking to prevent modern slavery
in our supply chains, in addition to our own operations. A copy of our Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement is available on
our website at https://investor.iconplc.com.
Anti-bribery and Corruption
Our anti-bribery/anti-corruption program ('ABAC Program') is a key element of our compliance policy framework, with
principles and requirements based on the underlying principal that we do not tolerate bribery or any other form of corruption or
fraud. ICON and all ICON directors, employees, consultants and agents (“Covered Persons”) must act in compliance with international
laws and regulations relating to bribery, corruption and illicit payments including, the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK
Bribery Act 2010.
In April 2018, ICON was awarded the ISO 37001:2016 certification for its Anti-Bribery Management System having
established, implemented, maintained, reviewed and improved an Anti-Bribery Management System that can prevent, detect and
mitigate the risk of bribery. Our program is designed to ensure our compliance with anti-corruption laws, including due diligence,
training, policies, procedures, and internal controls.
33
There are a number of policies and codes that make up the ABAC Management system including the Global Code of
Ethical Conduct, the Global Anti Corruption Compliance Policy, the Ethics Line Charter and the Global Supplier Code of Conduct
(together “the Codes”). The Codes are available on our website at https://investor.iconplc.com. All ICON employees are required
to complete ICON’s annual Ethics online training, which incorporates the key principles of each of the Codes. The Global Code of
Ethical Conduct addresses the core principles underpinning the behavior required of all Covered Persons in our internal interactions
with each other and our external dealings with patients, clients, health care professionals, regulators, investors, vendors and other
third parties. Violations of the Codes may result in a variety of corrective actions and in some cases may result in disciplinary action
up to and including termination of employment.
Bribery and corruption remains a business risk as we conduct our business across the globe and enter into partnerships
and collaborations. There is no certainty that all employees and third party business partners (including our vendors, suppliers,
agents, contractors, and other partners) will comply with anti-bribery laws. When working with third parties, we are committed to
working with only those who embrace high standards of ethical behavior consistent with our own. Bribery and corruption risks are
a focus of our third-party diligence and management process. We hold our suppliers accountable for meeting their contractual
obligations with ICON, including commitments that are made with regard to our Global Supplier Code of Conduct and regulatory
compliance. Contract non-compliance can result in termination of the business relationship with the supplier and exclusion from
future business with ICON.
Suspected violations of the Codes may be reported on a confidential (or anonymous, where permitted) basis in accordance
with our Ethics Line Charter through ICON’s Ethics Line. ICON has open door, anti-retaliation policies in place to encourage and
protect individuals who raise a concern. Ethics line reports are reported to the Board of ICON plc as appropriate. The Internal Audit
team conducts ABAC program audits. Internal Audits focus on testing for compliance and design effectiveness of the overall ABAC
program, Internal Audit incorporates an assessment of ABAC measures in all audits, as appropriate. In this approach, bribery and
corruption risks are incorporated into the risk assessment and scoping process of each audit.
Sales and Marketing
Our marketing strategy is focused on building a differentiated brand position for ICON and supporting our business
development efforts to develop and build relationships with pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and government and
public health organizations. Our marketing activities are coordinated centrally to ensure a consistent and differentiated market
positioning for ICON and to ensure all marketing efforts align to the overall strategic objectives of the business. Our business
development teams are located throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia Pacific regions. Business development activities are
carried out by account executives with assigned territories and global account directors supporting our large accounts. Specialized
business development teams focus on growing each of our business areas. Collectively, our business development team, senior
executives and project team leaders share responsibility for the maintenance of key client relationships. Our aim is to develop
deeper relationships within our client base in order to gain repeat business and give us opportunities to penetrate into other
therapeutic indications and adjacent service lines.
Competition
The CRO industry is fragmented, consisting of many small, niche service providers, a declining number of medium-sized
providers and a smaller number of large CROs, including ICON, that are differentiated by the scale of their global operations, breadth
of service portfolios and supporting technology infrastructure. The need to conduct complex research and access patients on a
global basis is driving market share to these global CROs. When competing for large development programs, ICON competes
primarily with IQVIA, PAREXEL, Pharmaceutical Product Development ('PPD'), the Covance Drug Development business of
LabCorp, PRA Health Sciences and Syneos Health. In some specific markets, for example biotech and mid-tier pharma, ICON may
also compete against mid-tier CROs. Competition also exists for acquisition candidates in addition to competition for customers.
CROs generally compete on the basis of previous product experience, the ability to recruit patients on a global basis, the
depth of therapeutic and scientific expertise, the strength of project teams, price and increasingly on the ability to apply new innovation
that can drive significant time and cost savings throughout the development process. An evolving area of competition is the need
to provide services that can help generate the evidence of the economic value of new treatments that payers and regulators require.
This requires access to new data sources which includes information to support the identification of suitable investigator sites and
patient populations as well as data on the value delivered by new products following marketing approval.
We believe that we compete favorably in all these areas and we continue to invest in our capabilities to ensure that we
remain competitive in the future.
Customers
During the year ended December 31, 2019, revenue was earned from over 1,000 clients. During the year ended
December 31, 2019, 37.6% of our revenues were derived from our top five customers, with two customers individually contributing
more than 10% of our revenues during the period (The largest contributing 12.5% and the second largest contributing 10.2%). No
other customer contributed more than 10% of our revenues during this period (see note 16 - Disaggregation of revenue in the
consolidated financial statements).
34
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 39.5% of our revenues were derived from our top five customers, with one
customer individually contributing more than 10% of our revenues during the period (13.6%). No other customer contributed more
than 10% of our revenues during this period.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, 42% of our revenues (including reimbursable expenses) were derived from
our top five customers, with one customer individually contributing more than 10% of our revenues during the period (21%). No
other customer contributed more than 10% of our revenues during this period.
The loss of, or a significant decrease in business from one or more of these key customers could have a material adverse
impact on our results of operations.
Unsatisfied performance obligation
Our unsatisfied performance obligation consists of contracted revenue yet to be earned from projects awarded by clients.
At December 31, 2019 we had contracted unsatisfied performance obligations of $5.3 billion (see note 17 - Accounts receivable,
unbilled revenue (contract assets) and unearned revenue or payments on account (contract liabilities) in the consolidated financial
statements). We believe that our unsatisfied performance obligation as of any date is not necessarily a meaningful predictor of
future results due to the potential for cancellation or delay of the projects included in the unsatisfied performance obligation, and
no assurances can be given on the extent to which we will be able to realize this unsatisfied performance obligation as revenue.
Information Systems
Having access to accurate and timely information is critical in the management, delivery and quality of all aspects of drug
development. ICON utilizes an extensive range of both on premise and cloud based applications that support its services including
clinical trial design and planning, site start-up, patient consent, site payments, content management, real world evidence generation,
customer relationship management (CRM), performance management, compliance and safety reporting and master data
management. These solutions are to allow healthcare companies to manage, optimize and execute their clinical and commercial
strategies in an orchestrated manner while addressing their regulatory obligations.
ICON has developed an informatics strategy built around ICONIK, a web-based information platform that enables the
management, reporting, analysis and visualization of all data relating to drug development. ICONIK collects, manages and
standardizes study data from multiple sources, including Electronic Data Capture (EDC), patient diaries, central laboratories and
imaging, to provide a single view of study information. ICONIK enables ICON to deliver new services such as ICONIK monitoring
which uses near-real time clinical data to drive monitoring visit schedules thereby reducing overall cost and time to market.
In addition to managing clinical data, ICONIK collects operational data, such as project management, clinical trials
management system (CTMS) and metric information to drive trial efficiency and transparency. Investigator data, such as payments,
site details and performance, can also be incorporated. ICONIK can be accessed via a portal that allows clients access to study
related information via a secure web based environment. Data analysis from ICONIK Informatics Hub allows us to enhance the
design and delivery of our projects, through stronger engagement with investigators and patients.
Firecrest, our site management and training technology, is another important component of our informatics strategy.
Firecrest provides an on-line web-based portal to access visit by visit study guides which drive site performance and quality.
ICON also utilizes a range of enterprise applications that enable the delivery of our business services in a global
environment. The focus is to provide ease of access and capture of study information for our staff and clients globally. Our current
information systems are built on open standards and leading commercial business applications from vendors including Microsoft,
Amazon, Oracle, Dell, SAS and Dassault. IT expenditure is authorized by strict IT governance policies requiring senior level approval
of all strategic IT expenditure based on defined, measurable business benefits.
In Clinical Operations, we have deployed a suite of software applications that assist in the management and tracking of
our clinical trial activities. These software applications are both internally developed and commercially available applications from
external vendors. These include a clinical trial management application that tracks all relevant data in a trial and automates all
management and reporting processes. In our Data Management function, we have deployed leading clinical data management
solutions including EDC and Clinical Data Warehouse solutions from external vendors. This allows us to guarantee the integrity of
client data and provide consolidated information across client studies. In our clinical trials management area Firecrest Clinical
provides a comprehensive site performance management system that improves compliance, consistency and execution of activities
at investigative sites. The web-based solution enables accurate study information, including protocol information, training manuals
and case report forms, to be rolled out quickly and simultaneously to sites. Site behaviour can then be tracked to ensure training
is understood, procedures are being followed, timelines are met and study parameters are maintained. As well as meeting day to
day operational requirements, these systems are feeder systems into the ICONIK platform.
35
We provide interactive response technology (IXR) to enable centralized patient randomization, drug inventory management,
patient diary collection and provides our clients with a fully flexible data retrieval solution which can be utilized via telephone, internet
browser or a mobile device. In our central laboratory business, we utilize a comprehensive suite of software, including a laboratory
information management system (LIMS), a kit / sample management system and a web interface system to allow clients to review
results online. Our Laboratory also utilizes IMRA, a web based laboratory review application that allows global access to the latest
laboratory data on a study - it facilitates detailed analysis of any trends, signals, alerts or patient specific data on a real-time basis.
ICON provides imaging services through the use of it internally developed MIRA platform and also utilizes Medidata’s Rave
Commercial Imaging for collecting, managing and processing data to support its imaging capabilities.
ICON provides its Pharmacovigilance Services using Oracle’s ARGUS safety database, the system is FDA regulation 21
CFR Part 11 compliant and generates all the standard regulatory required reports as well the periodic reports required to support
operations.
ICON supports Population Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic modeling though the use of its
proprietary software NONMEM®. NONMEM® is a nonlinear mixed effects modeling tool that can be used to fit models to many
different types of data. Statistical analysis with NONMEM® using the appropriate model helps pharmaceutical companies determine
appropriate dosing strategies for their products, and increase their understanding of drug mechanisms and interactions. NONMEM®
can also be accompanied with PDx-Pop proprietary software. PDx-Pop software is a graphical interface for NONMEM® which has
its own automation methodology which expedites the iterative process of population pharmacokinetic modeling and analysis.
All of the Company’s global finance operations utilize Oracle’s eBusiness suite, with the integrated Excel4Apps reporting
tool, to serve the organization’s financial and project accounting requirements. Workday is used to fulfill our HR people management
requirements.
The Company’s strategy of using technology to enhance our global processes is evident from our deployment of platforms
like ICONIK Metrics Stream EDMS/QMS, our global SOP Document Management system, our Web-based training delivery solution,
iLearn, workflow and automation platforms such as ServiceNow, Sailpoint for identity management and governance and Pega &
ARGUS for pharmacovigilance. The Electronic Trial Master File is delivered via ICON’s proprietary software ICOMaster or the
Wingspan software platform. Our business development and contracting teams use Salesforce.
Our IT systems are operated from three data center hubs in Dublin, Ireland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Singapore.
These hubs reside within purpose built data center facility locations. Other offices are linked to these hubs through a network
managed by Verizon, a tier one global telecommunications provider. This network provides global connectivity for our applications
and allows collaboration and communication using tools like Cisco Jabber, WebEx, Sharepoint and Box. Mobile staff can also
access all systems via secure remote access facilities. A global corporate intranet portal provides access to all authorized data and
applications for our internal staff as well as providing an internal platform for company-wide communication. IT systems are protected
with robust information security controls which are independently audited biannually as part of maintaining ICON’s ISO27001:2013
certification.
ICON enables its Patient Site and Data Strategy through the services delivered via PMG Research, MeDiNova and
Symphony Research where we partner with biopharmaceutical companies and other life science providers (e.g. medical devices
companies) to develop and deploy bespoke stakeholder engagement solutions. ICON’s Patient Engagement Services enable site
staff to engage directly with patients to help improve their disease and medication understanding through interventional and non-
interventional support.
Through the acquisition of MMD, ICON now provides molecular diagnostic laboratory capabilities that enables the
development and commercialization of precision medicines in oncology, MMD delivers this via the WINDOPATH LIMS software.
Other key innovations and new technologies include;
•
•
•
FLEX ADVANTAGE is our interactive response technology platform (accessible through the web and web-enabled mobile
devices) for managing patient randomization, investigator sites and clinical suppliers.
PubsHub brings speed and efficiency to medical teams by delivering easy-to-use, web-based solutions that bridge process
gaps for system harmonization across companies. ICON utilizes PUBSHUB to automate medical and scientific
communications and publications management.
The ICON Patient Engagement Platform features an easy to navigate, user friendly website enabling patients to explore
new and ongoing studies available, opt-in and connect with their nearest clinical research site.
• One Search, an intuitive, integrated workflow and interrogation tool from ICON, enables access to multiple data sources
and provides the visualization and tools necessary for optimum site identification based on ICON and industry data of
capability, experience and performance. Scoring on enrollment performance, speed of start-up and quality supports better
site selection.
•
ADDPLAN for simulation and design of exploratory/pilot and confirmatory/pivotal adaptive clinical trials (ADDPLAN® DF
(Dose Finder), ADDPLAN® Base, ADDPLAN® MC (Multiple Comparison) and ADDPLAN® PE (Population Enrichment)).
36
•
•
•
AptivAdvantage which is an integrated platform comprising EDC, randomization and drug supply management specifically
created for execution of adaptive clinical trials and used to deliver risk-based monitoring; and Aptiv Insite which is a novel
approach to risk-based monitoring, using Verification by Statistical Sampling (VSS) to manage data quality and site related
risks.
Virtual/Hybrid Trials. Utilizing a combination of ICON developed capabilities in conjunction with commercially available
software, ICON brings trials directly to patients, thus allowing diverse and difficult to recruit patient populations to be
accessed.
APECS - for Investigator Payments ensures timely and accurate payments to sites for the work performed in the care and
management of patients as they participate within clinical trials.
Contractual Arrangements
We are generally awarded projects based upon our responses to requests for proposals received from companies in the
pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, or work orders executed under our strategic partnership agreements.
Revenues on long term contracts are recognized based on an assessment of progress towards completion. Payment
terms usually provide either for payments based on the delivery of certain identified milestones, units delivered or monthly payments,
according to a contracted payment schedule over the life of the contract. Where clients request changes in the scope of a trial or
in the services to be provided by us, a change order or amendment is issued which may result either in an increase or decrease
in the contract value. We also contract on a "fee-for-service" or "time and materials" basis.
Contract periods may range from several weeks to several years depending on the nature of the work to be performed.
In most cases, an upfront portion of the contract fee is paid at the time the study or trial is started. The balance of the contract fee
is generally payable in installments over the study or trial duration and may be based on the completion of certain performance
targets or "milestones", on units delivered, or on a fixed monthly payment schedule. For instance, installment payments may be
based on patient enrollment dates or delivery of the database.
On adoption of ASC 606 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers', we concluded that ICON is the contract principal in
respect of both direct services and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support the clinical trial. The
progress towards completion for clinical service contracts is measured based on total project costs (direct fees are therefore inclusive
of third party costs). Gross revenue or 'revenue' is therefore our primary measure of performance on adoption of ASC 606 and in
presentation of our results for the year ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In common with others in the sector,
our results previously separately identified that revenue stream which related to services provided by third parties. Those services
were previously separately identified as reimbursable expenses and presented separately in our Statement of Operations.
Reimbursable expenses include payments to investigators, travel and accommodation costs and various other expenses incurred
over the course of the clinical trial which are fully reimbursable by the client. Reimbursable expenses are included within direct
costs on adoption of ASC 606. Reimbursable expenses are included within the contract and are invoiced on a monthly basis based
on actual expenses incurred. Expenses incurred are determined by reference to activity (See note 28-Impact of new accounting
policies in the consolidated financial statements).
As the currency in which contracts are priced can be different from the currencies in which costs relating to those contracts
are incurred, we usually negotiate currency fluctuation clauses in our contracts which allow for price adjustments if changes in the
relative value of those currencies exceed predetermined tolerances.
Most of our contracts are terminable immediately by the client with justifiable cause or with 30 to 90 days’ notice without
cause. In the event of termination, we are usually entitled to all sums owed for work performed and expenses incurred through the
notice of termination and certain costs associated with termination of the study. Termination or delay in the performance of a contract
occurs for various reasons, including, but not limited to, unexpected or undesired results, production problems resulting in shortages
of the drug, adverse patient reactions to the drug, the client's decision to de-emphasize a particular trial, inadequate patient enrollment
or investigator recruitment.
Government Regulation
Regulation of Clinical Trials
The clinical investigation of new drugs is highly regulated by government agencies. The standard for the conduct of clinical
research and development studies is Good Clinical Practice (“GCP”), which stipulates procedures designed to ensure the quality
and integrity of data obtained from clinical testing and to protect the rights and safety of clinical subjects.
37
The FDA and other prominent regulators have promulgated regulations and guidelines that pertain to applications to initiate
trials of products, the approval and conduct of studies, report and record retention, informed consent, applications for the approval
of drugs and post-marketing requirements. Pursuant to these regulations and guidelines, service providers that assume the
obligations of a drug sponsor are required to comply with applicable regulations and are subject to regulatory action for failure to
comply with such regulations and guidelines. In the United States and Europe, the trend has been in the direction of increased
regulation and enforcement by the applicable regulatory authority.
In providing services in the United States, we are obligated to comply with FDA requirements governing such activities.
These include ensuring that the study is approved by an appropriate Independent Review Board (“IRB”) and Ethics Committee,
obtaining patient informed consents, verifying qualifications of investigators, reporting patients’ adverse reactions to drugs and
maintaining thorough and accurate records. We must maintain critical documents for each study for specified periods, and such
documents may be reviewed by the study sponsor and the FDA.
The services we provide outside the United States are ultimately subject to similar regulation by the relevant regulatory
authority. In addition, our activities in Europe are affected by the European Medicines Agency.
We must retain records for each study for specified periods for inspection by the client and by the applicable regulatory
authority during audits. If we fail to comply adequately with applicable regulations and guidelines, it could result in a material adverse
effect. In addition, our failure to comply with applicable regulations and guidelines, depending on the extent of the failure, could
result in fines, debarment, termination or suspension of ongoing research, the disqualification of data or litigation by clients, any of
which could also result in a material adverse effect.
Potential Liability and Insurance
The nature of our business exposes us to potential liability including, but not limited to, potential liability for (i) breach of
contract or negligence claims by our customers; (ii) non-compliance with regulatory or legal obligations including, but not limited
to, anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws; (iii) third party (such as patients) claims in respect of our performance of services.
In addition, although we do not believe we are legally responsible for acts of third party investigators (physicians running
trials), we could be subject to claims arising as a result of the actions of these investigators.
We try to reduce this potential liability by:
• Seeking contractual indemnification from customers in relation to certain activities. However, the terms and scope of
indemnification varies from customer to customer and project to project and the performance of these indemnities is
not secured. As a result, we bear the risk that indemnification may not be relevant or sufficient or that the indemnifying
party may not have the financial ability to fulfill its indemnification obligations. Furthermore this indemnification does not
protect us against our own acts or omissions such as our negligence or where our performance does not reach the
required contractual, industry or regulatory standard.
• Maintaining worldwide professional liability insurance. While we believe our insurance coverage is adequate, there is
no guarantee that we will continue to be able to maintain such insurance coverage on terms acceptable to us, if at all,
or that the relevant policy will respond and provide cover when we want it to.
We could be materially adversely affected if ICON is required to pay damages or bear the costs of defending or settling
any claim outside the scope of or in excess of a contractual indemnification provision, an indemnifying party does not fulfill its
indemnification obligations, the claim is in excess of level of our insurance coverage or the relevant circumstances are not covered
by our insurance policies.
Description of Property
Our principal executive offices are located in South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Dublin, Republic of Ireland,
where we own an office facility of approximately 15,000 square meters. We lease all other properties.
We maintain thirty-four offices in North America; thirty in the United States, three in Canada and one in Mexico. We maintain
thirty-eight in Europe; thirteen of our offices in the UK, three each in Germany, France and Spain, two each in Italy, Ireland, and
Poland and one in each of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, Romania, Russia, Sweden, The Netherlands, Turkey and
the Ukraine. We have sixteen offices in Asia; five offices in China (including one in Hong Kong), four in India, two in Japan, one in
each of Singapore,The Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. We have one office in Australia and one in New Zealand. We
have five offices in South America; one in each of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru. We maintain two offices in South
Africa.
38
Organizational Structure
Details of the Company’s significant subsidiaries or entities under the Company's control at December 31, 2019 are as
follows:
Company
ICON Clinical Research, S.A.
ICON Clinical Research PTY Limited
ICON Clinical Research Austria GmbH
DOCS International Belgium N.V.
ICON Pesquisas Clínicas LTDA.
ICON Clinical Research EOOD
ICON Clinical Research (Canada) Inc.
Mapi Life Sciences Canada Inc.***
Oxford Outcomes LTD
ICON Chile Limitada
ICON Clinical Research (Beijing No.2) Co., Ltd
ICON Clinical Research (Beijing) Co., Ltd
ICON Clinical Research Hong Kong Limited
Ispitivanja ICON d.o.o (ICON Research Ltd.)
ICON Clinical Research s.r.o.
DOCS International Nordic Countries A/S
DOCS International Finland Oy
DOCS International France S.A.S.
ICON Clinical Research SARL
Mapi Développement SAS
Mapi Research Trust*
Mapi SAS
DOCS International Germany GmbH
ICON Clinical Research GmbH
ICON Klinikai Kutató Korlátolt Felel sség Társaság
(ICON Clinical Research Limited Liability Company)
ICON Clinical Research India Private Limited
ICON Clinical Research Israel Limited
DOCS Italia S.R.L.
ICON Japan K.K.
ICON Investments Limited
ICON Clinical Research Korea Yuhan Hoesa
(ICON Clinical Research Korea Ltd.)
ICON CRO Malaysia SDN. BHD.
ICON Clinical Research México, S.A. de C.V.
DOCS Insourcing B.V.
DOCS International B.V.
ICON Contracting Solutions Holdings B.V.
ICON Clinical Research (New Zealand) Limited
ICON Clinical Research Perú S.A.
ICON Clinical Research Services Philippines, Inc.
DOCS International Poland Sp. z o.o.
ICON Clinical Research Sp. z o.o.
Symphony Clinical Research Sp. z o.o.
DOCS Resourcing Limited
ICON (LR) Limited
ICON Clinical International Unlimited Company
ICON Clinical Research Limited
Country
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Canada
Canada
Chile
China
China
China (Hong Kong)
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
France
France
France
France
Germany
Germany
Hungary
India
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jersey
Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
New Zealand
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Poland
Poland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
ICON Clinical Research Property Development (Ireland) Limited
Republic of Ireland
39
Group ownership
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Company
ICON Global Treasury Limited
ICON Holdings Unlimited Company
ICON Holdings Clinical Research International Limited
ICON Investments Five Unlimited Company
ICON Investments Four Unlimited Company
ICON Clinical Research S.R.L.
ICON Clinical Research (Rus) LLC
ICON Clinical Research d.o.o. Beograd
ICON Clinical Research (Pte) Limited
ICON Clinical Research Slovakia, s.r.o.
MeDiNova Merc Clinical Research (SA) Pty Limited **
ICON Clinical Research España, S.L.
MeDiNova Investigacion y Desarrollo S.L. **
DOCS International Sweden AB
DOCS International Switzerland GmbH
ICON Clinical Research (Switzerland) GmbH
ICON Clinical Research Taiwan Limited
ICON Clinical Research (Thailand) Limited
ICON Ankara Klinik Arastirma Dis Ticaret Anonim Sirketi
DOCS Ukraine LLC
ICON Clinical Research LLC
DOCS International UK Limited
ICON Clinical Research (U.K.) Limited
ICON Development Solutions Limited
Mapi Life Sciences UK Limited
VSK (Kenilworth) Limited **
MeDiNova Limited **
MeDiNova Lakeside Clinical Research Limited **
MeDiNova Merc (UK) Limited **
Improving Treatments Limited **
Addplan, Inc.
Beacon Bioscience, Inc.
C4 MedSolutions, LLC
CHC Group, LLC
Complete Healthcare Communications, LLC
Complete Publication Solutions, LLC
CRN Holdings, LLC
Clinical Resource Network, LLC
CRN North America, LLC
DOCS Global, Inc.
Global Pharmaceutical Strategies Group, LLC
ICON Clinical Research LLC
ICON Early Phase Services, LLC
ICON Government and Public Health Solutions, Inc.
(formerly Clinical Research Management (ClinicalRM))
ICON Laboratory Services, Inc.
ICON US Holdings Inc.
Managed Care Strategic Solutions, L.L.C.
Mapi USA, Inc.
MMMM Consulting, LLC
MMMM Group, LLC
Molecular MD Corp.
PMG Research of Bristol, LLC
Country
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
40
Group ownership
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
60%
100%
60%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
60%
60%
60%
60%
60%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Country
Company
USA
PMG Research of Charleston, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Charlotte, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Christie Clinic, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Hickory, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Raleigh, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Rocky Mount, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Salisbury, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Wilmington, LLC
USA
PMG Research of Winston-Salem, LLC
USA
PMG Research, Inc.
USA
Pricespective, LLC
USA
PubsHub LLC
*Mapi Research Trust is an association, its members are ICON Subsidiary entities.
Group ownership
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
** MeDiNova Entities- ICON acquired a majority interest in MeDiNova in May 2019 and have a right to acquire the remaining interest in
2020 (see Note 4-Goodwill in the consolidated financial statements for details).
*** Mapi Life Sciences Canada Inc. changed its name to ICON Life Sciences Canada Inc. with effect from February 1, 2020.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements,
accompanying notes and other financial information, appearing in Item 18. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared
in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The information included in the discussion and analysis below provides details on the information
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Information related to the year ended December 31, 2017 has
not been included. It can be found in the company's filing of the form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Overview
We are a CRO, providing outsourced development services on a global basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and
medical device industries. We specialize in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support all
stages of the clinical development process - from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. Our vision is to be the Global
CRO partner of choice in drug development by delivering best in class information, solutions and performance in clinical and
outcomes research.
We believe that we are one of a select group of CROs with the expertise and capability to conduct clinical trials in most
major therapeutic areas on a global basis and have the operational flexibility to provide development services on a stand-alone
basis or as part of an integrated “full service” solution. At December 31, 2019, we employed approximately 14,650 employees, in
97 locations in 40 countries. During the year ended December 31, 2019 we derived approximately 31.8%, 58.5% and 9.7% of our
revenue in the United States, Europe and Rest of World, respectively.
Revenue consists of fees earned under contracts with third-party clients. In most cases, a portion of the contract fee is
paid at the time the study or trial is started, with the balance of the contract fee generally payable in installments over the study or
trial duration, based on the delivery of certain performance targets or milestones. Revenue from long term contracts is recognized
on a proportional performance method based on the relationship between cost incurred and the total estimated costs of the trial or
on a fee-for-service basis according to the particular circumstances of the contract. As is customary in the CRO industry, we contract
with third party investigators in connection with clinical trials. Investigator costs and certain other third party costs are included in
our assessment of progress towards completion and costs incurred in measuring revenue. Where these costs are reimbursed by
clients, they are included in the total contract value recognized over time based on our assessment of progress towards completion.
As the nature of our business involves the management of projects, the majority of which have a duration of one to four
years, the commencement or completion of projects in a fiscal year can have a material impact on revenues earned with the relevant
clients in such years. In addition, as we typically work with some, but not all divisions of a client, fluctuations in the number and
status of available projects within such divisions can also have a material impact on revenues earned from such clients from year
to year.
41
Termination or delay in the performance of an individual contract may occur for various reasons, including, but not limited
to, unexpected or undesired results, production problems resulting in shortages of the drug, adverse patient reactions to the drug,
the client’s decision to de-emphasize a particular trial or inadequate patient enrollment or investigator recruitment. In the event of
termination the Company is usually entitled to all sums owed for work performed through the notice of termination and certain costs
associated with the termination of the study. In addition, contracts generally contain provisions for renegotiation in the event of
changes in the scope, nature, duration, or volume of services of the contract.
Our unsatisfied performance obligation comprises our assessment of contracted revenue yet to be earned from projects
awarded by clients. At December 31, 2019 we had unsatisfied performance obligations of approximately $5.3 billion. We believe
that our backlog as of any date is not necessarily a meaningful predictor of future results, due to the potential for cancellation or
delay of the projects included in the backlog, and no assurances can be given on the extent to which we will be able to realize the
backlog.
Although we are domiciled in Ireland, we report our results in U.S. dollars. As a consequence the results of our non-U.S.
based operations, when translated into U.S. dollars, could be materially affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between the
U.S. dollar and the currencies of those operations.
In addition to translation exposures, we are also subject to transaction exposures because the currency in which contracts
are priced can be different from the currencies in which costs relating to those contracts are incurred. Our operations in the United
States are not materially exposed to such currency differences as the majority of our revenues and costs are in U.S. dollars. However,
outside the United States the multinational nature of our activities means that contracts are usually priced in a single currency, most
often U.S. dollars or euro, while costs arise in a number of currencies, depending, among other things, on which of our offices
provide staff for the contract and the location of investigator sites. Although many such contracts benefit from some degree of natural
hedging, due to the matching of contract revenues and costs in the same currency, where costs are incurred in currencies other
than those in which contracts are priced, fluctuations in the relative value of those currencies could have a material effect on our
results of operations. We regularly review our currency exposures.
As we conduct operations on a global basis, our effective tax rate has depended and will depend on the geographic
distribution of our revenue and earnings among locations with varying tax rates. Our results therefore may be affected by changes
in the tax rates of the various jurisdictions. In particular, as the geographic mix of our results of operations among various tax
jurisdictions changes, our effective tax rate may vary significantly from period to period.
A.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial data as a percentage of revenue and the percentage
change in these items compared to the prior comparable period. The trends illustrated in the following table may not be indicative
of future results.
Revenue
Costs and expenses:
Direct costs
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation
Amortization
Income from operations (excluding restructuring)
Restructuring
Income from operations (including restructuring)
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2019
Percentage of Revenue
Percentage
Increase/(Decrease)
100.0%
100.0%
8.1 %
70.4%
12.0%
1.6%
0.6%
15.4%
—%
15.4%
70.0%
12.6%
1.9%
0.6%
14.9%
0.5%
14.4%
8.6 %
3.4 %
(9.8)%
3.9 %
12.3 %
(100.0)%
16.1 %
42
Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018
Revenue
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Year Ended
December 31,
Change
2019
2018
$
%
2,805,839
2,595,777
210,062
8.1%
Revenue for the year increased by $210.1 million, or 8.1%, to $2,805.8 million, compared to $2,595.8 million for the year
ended December 31, 2018. Revenue increased by 9.6% in constant currency or 8.4% in constant dollar organic. The increase in
revenues can be explained by both continued organic growth and the additional revenues from the acquisitions of MMD on
January 25, 2019, MeDiNova on May 23, 2019 and Symphony on September 24, 2019.
Revenues from our top five customers were $1,055.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $1,024.1
million in the year ended December 31, 2018 or 37.6% and 39.5% respectively. The largest of these customers related to a strategic
partnership with a large global pharmaceutical company. Revenue from this customer contributed 13.6% of revenue for the year
ended December 31, 2018, compared to 12.5% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. The second largest customer,
also a large global pharmaceutical company, accounted for 10.2% of the Group's revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. The
addition of new customer accounts, particularly large and mid-tier pharma customers and biotech customers have resulted in a
reduction in this concentration of revenues from our top five customers.
Revenue in Ireland increased by $186.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2019, to $1,252.8 million, compared to
$1,066.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenue in Ireland during the year ended December 31, 2019 increased
by 17.5% compared to an overall increase in group revenue of 8.1%. Revenue in Ireland is principally a function of our global
contracting model (see note 19 - Business segment and geographical information in the consolidated financial statements).
Revenue for Rest of Europe increased by $9.0 million or 2.4%, to $388.9 million, compared to $379.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 2018, principally reflecting the acquisition of MeDiNova in May 2019.
Revenue in the U.S. decreased by $2.5 million or 0.3%, to $892.5 million, compared to $895.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2018.
Revenue in our Rest of World (‘Other’) region increased by $16.9 million or 6.6%, to $271.6 million, compared to $254.7
million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenues in non-U.S. dollar operations in this region were impacted by foreign
currency translation and the movement in local rates to the U.S. dollar over the comparative year.
Direct costs
(dollars in thousands)
Direct costs
% of revenue
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
2018
Change
$
1,974,135
$
1,818,220
$
155,915
70.4%
70.0%
8.6%
Direct costs for the year increased by $155.9 million, or 8.6%, to $1,974.1 million, compared to $1,818.2 million for the
year ended December 31, 2018. Direct costs consists primarily of investigator and other reimbursable costs, compensation,
associated fringe benefits and share based compensation expense for project-related employees and other direct project driven
costs. The increase in direct costs during the year relates to increases in third party investigator and other reimbursable costs, an
increase in direct project related costs and personnel related expenditure. The increase in other direct costs during the period arose
due to an increase in headcount and a corresponding increase in personnel related expenditure of $54.3 million combined with an
increase in other direct project related costs of $1.8 million, increases in laboratory costs of $0.5 million, partly offset by a decrease
in travel related costs of $0.4 million.
43
Selling, general and administrative expenses
(dollars in thousands)
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
2018
Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
336,748
$
325,794
$
10,954
% of revenue
12.0%
12.6%
3.4%
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year increased by $11.0 million, or 3.4%, to $336.7 million, compared
to $325.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses comprise primarily of
compensation, related fringe benefits and share based compensation expense for non-project-related employees, recruitment
expenditure, professional service costs, advertising costs and all costs related to facilities and information systems. As a percentage
of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 12.0% of revenue, compared to 12.6% of revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2018. During the year, general overhead costs net of foreign exchange costs increased by $8.1 million,
acquisition costs increased by $3.3 million, marketing fees increased by $1.1 million, facilities related costs increased by $0.3
million, professional fees decreased by $1.0 million and personnel related costs decreased by $0.8 million.
Share based compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
was $26.8 million and $31.6 million respectively (see note 10 - Equity incentive Schemes and Stock Compensation Charges in the
consolidated financial statements).
Depreciation and amortization
(dollars in thousands)
Depreciation
% of revenue
Amortization
% of revenue
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
2018
Change
$
$
45,603
$
50,565
$
(4,962)
1.6%
1.9%
15,947
$
15,351
$
0.6%
0.6%
(9.8)%
596
3.9 %
Depreciation expense for the year decreased by $5.0 million or 9.8%, to $45.6 million, compared to $50.6 million for the
year ended December 31, 2018. The depreciation charge reflects investments in facilities, information systems and equipment
supporting the Company’s continued growth. As a percentage of revenue, the depreciation expense decreased to 1.6% of revenues,
compared to 1.9% for the year ended December 31, 2018. Amortization expense for the year increased by $0.6 million or 3.9%,
to $15.9 million, compared to $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The amortization expense represents the
amortization of intangible assets acquired on business combinations. The increase in amortization expense for the year reflects
the amortization of newly acquired intangibles arising on the acquisition of MMD, MeDiNova and Symphony. These increases were
partly offset by the completion of amortization on other assets. As a percentage of revenue, the amortization expense remained
constant year on year at 0.6% of revenue.
Restructuring costs
(dollars in thousands)
Restructuring
% of revenue
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
— $
—%
$
2018
Change
12,490
$
(12,490)
0.5%
(100.0)%
During the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company implemented a restructuring plan to improve operating efficiencies
resulting in recognition of a restructuring charge of $12.5 million. The restructuring plan includes the cost of resource rationalizations
in certain areas of the business to improve utilization. There was no restructuring charge during the year ended December 31, 2019
(see note 14 - Restructuring and other items to the consolidated financial statements).
44
Income from operations
(dollars in thousands)
Income from operations (incl. restructuring)
% of revenue
Income from operations (excl. restructuring)
% of revenue
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
433,406
15.4%
433,406
15.4%
$
$
$
$
2018
Change
373,357
14.4%
385,847
$
$
14.9%
60,049
16.1%
47,559
12.3%
As a result of the above, income from operations increased by $60.0 million, or 16.1%, to $433.4 million, compared to
$373.4 million ($385.8 million, excluding restructuring and other charges) for the year ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage
of revenue, income from operations increased to 15.4% of revenues compared to 14.4% (14.9% excluding restructuring) of revenues
for year ended December 31, 2018.
Income from operations in Ireland increased by 22.2% (16.8% excluding restructuring) to $314.3 million, compared to
$257.1 million ($269.2 million excluding restructuring) for the year ended December 31, 2018. Income from operations in Ireland
and other geographic regions are reflective of the Company’s global transfer pricing model and the centralization of intragroup
financing activities in Ireland. Continued strategic investment in personnel and infrastructure together with on-going enhancement
of operating processes and the successful leverage of support costs in 2019 has continued to result in a decrease of the proportion
of the Group’s revenue used to support other Group entities and a corresponding increase in income from operations in Ireland
during 2019.
In the Rest of Europe region, income from operations increased by $1.7 million ($1.1 million excluding restructuring), to
$38.0 million, compared to $36.3 million ($36.9 million excluding restructuring) for the year ended December 31, 2018. As a
percentage of revenues, income from operations in the Rest of Europe region increased to 9.8%, compared to 9.6% (9.7% excluding
restructuring) for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In the U.S. region, income from operations increased by $1.7 million ($1.9 million excluding restructuring), or 2.9%, to
$60.3 million compared to $58.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 . As a percentage of revenues, income from operations
in the U.S. region increased to 6.8% compared to 6.5% (6.5% excluding restructuring) for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In other regions, income from operations decreased by $0.6 million ($0.6 million excluding restructuring), to $20.9 million,
compared to $21.4 million ($21.4 million excluding restructuring) for the year ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage of
revenues, income from operations in the other regions decreased to 7.7%, compared to 8.4% (8.4% excluding restructuring) for
the year ended December 31, 2018.
Interest income and expense
(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Interest expense
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
6,859
2018
4,759
(13,276)
(13,502)
Change
$
2,100
226
%
44.1 %
(1.7)%
Interest expense decreased to $13.3 million compared to $13.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. No amounts
were drawn down on the revolving credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018.
Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased to $6.9 million, compared to $4.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2018.
45
Income tax expense
(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense
Effective income tax rate
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
51,133
12.0%
2018
41,958
11.5%
Change
$
%
9,175
21.9%
Provision for income taxes for the period increased to $51.1 million compared to $42.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2018. The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 was 12% compared to 11.5% for the
year ended December 31, 2018. The Company’s effective tax rate is principally a function of the distribution of pre-tax profits in the
territories in which it operates.
Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group
Basic net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group has been computed by dividing net income available to
ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per
ordinary share is computed by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period for all
potentially dilutive ordinary shares outstanding during the period and adjusting net income for any changes in income or loss that
would result from the conversion of such potential ordinary shares. There is no difference in net income used for basic and diluted
net income per ordinary share.
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group includes the adjustment to reflect the accretion
of the noncontrolling interest in MeDiNova to its redemption value. This adjustment to reflect changes in the redemption amount of
the noncontrolling interest has been excluded from net income when calculating adjusted net income per ordinary share attributable
to the Group (non-GAAP). See below section on non-GAAP financial measures.
The reconciliation between net income attributable to the Group per the Statement of Operating Income and the net income
used to calculate net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group is as follows:
Year ended
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2017
$ in thousands
Net income attributable to the Group
373,986
322,656
281,488
Noncontrolling interest adjustment to redemption
amount
Net income attributable to the Group
(including NCI redemption adjustment)
(5,048)
—
—
368,938
322,656
281,488
The net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group and adjusted net income per Ordinary Share attributable to
the Group reflecting the noncontrolling interest adjustment to redemption amount is as follows:
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
December 31, 2017
Year ended
Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to
the Group (including NCI redemption
adjustment):
Basic (GAAP)
Diluted (GAAP)
Adjusted net income per Ordinary Share
attributable to the Group (excluding NCI
redemption adjustment):
Adjusted basic (non-GAAP)
Adjusted diluted (non-GAAP)
5.96
5.89
5.96
5.89
5.20
5.13
5.20
5.13
6.85
6.79
6.94
6.88
46
Non-GAAP Financial Measure
We consider this non-GAAP financial measure to be a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance. A non-
GAAP financial measure is a measure of historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or
includes amounts that are not so excluded from or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in
accordance with GAAP. Described below is the non-GAAP financial measure used by management to evaluate our operating
performance and that we consider more useful to investors.
The non-GAAP financial measures we present in this Form 20-F may not be comparable to those presented by other
companies due to the fact that not all companies use the same definitions. In Item 5, we have presented Net income per Ordinary
Share attributable to the Group (GAAP) and Adjusted Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group (non-GAAP). We
have provided a reconciliation between the non-GAAP financial measure and its closest comparable GAAP measure being the Net
income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group. The reconciliation reflects one reconciling item for the adjustment of the
MeDiNova noncontrolling interest balance to its redemption value. We believe providing the Adjusted Net income per Ordinary
Share attributable to the Group (non-GAAP) provides better insight into the performance of the Company and enhances comparability
with previous financial performance of the Company. The noncontrolling interest in MeDiNova is a non-recurring item which is
expected to be concluded in the second quarter of the year ending December 31, 2020.
In order to facilitate a clear understanding of our financial performance, you should examine this measure in conjunction
with Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group as presented in our Form 20-F.
B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The CRO industry is generally not capital intensive. The Group’s principal operating cash needs are payment of salaries,
office rents, travel expenditures and payments to investigators. Investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures for facilities
and information systems enhancements, the purchase and sale of short term investments and acquisitions.
Our clinical research and development contracts are generally fixed price with some variable components and range in
duration from a few weeks to several years. Revenue from contracts is generally recognized as income on the basis of the relationship
between costs incurred and the total estimated contract costs. The cash flow from contracts typically consists of a small down
payment at the time the contract is entered into, with the balance paid in installments over the contract duration, in some cases on
the achievement of certain milestones. Therefore, cash receipts do not correspond to costs incurred and revenue recognized on
contracts.
Cash and cash equivalents and net borrowings
Balance
December 31,
2018
Drawn down/
(repaid)
Net cash
inflow/
(outflow)
Other non-
cash
adjustments
Effect of
exchange
rates
Balance
December 31,
2019
$ in thousands
Cash and cash equivalents
395,851
Available for sale
investments
Private placement notes
59,910
(349,264)
106,497
—
—
—
125,108
—
(650)
520,309
(12,028)
—
113,080
1,746
(376)
1,370
—
(650)
49,628
(349,640)
220,297
The Company’s cash and available for sale investments at December 31, 2019 amounted to $569.9 million compared
with cash and available for sale investments of $455.8 million at December 31, 2018. The Company’s cash and short term investment
balances at December 31, 2019 comprised cash and cash equivalents $520.3 million and short-term investments $49.6 million.
The Company’s cash and short term investment balances at December 31, 2018 comprised cash and cash equivalents $395.9
million and short-term investments $59.9 million.
On March 12, 2018, the Company entered into a five year committed multi-currency Revolving Credit Facility for $150.0
million with Citibank, JP Morgan, Santander, HSBC Bank and Morgan Stanley International (“Revolving Credit Facility”). Each bank
subject to the agreement has committed $30.0 million to the facility, with equal terms and conditions in place with all institutions.
The facility is guaranteed by ICON plc. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin. We continue to monitor the phasing out
of LIBOR which is currently scheduled for 2021. We have engaged with our lenders on the implications of the change. In the absence
of an agreed new rate, documents continue to be negotiated using LIBOR. We will continue to engage with our lenders in respect
of the requirement for a new rate and seek an amendment letter at that point. No amounts were drawn at December 31, 2019, or
at December 31, 2018, in respect of the Revolving Credit Facility. Amounts available to the Group under the facility at December 31,
2019 and at December 31, 2018 were $150.0 million.
47
On December 15, 2015, ICON Investments Five Unlimited Company issued Senior Notes for aggregate gross proceeds
of $350.0 million in a private placement. The Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2020. Interest payable is fixed at 3.64%,
and is payable semi-annually on the Senior Notes on each June 15 and December 15, which commenced on June 15, 2016. The
Senior Notes are guaranteed by ICON plc. In October 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate hedge in respect of the
planned issuance of the Senior Notes in December 2015. The interest rate hedge matured in November 2015 when the interest
rate on the Senior Notes was fixed. The interest rate hedge was effective in accordance with ASC 815 'Derivatives and Hedging'.
The cash proceeds, representing the realized gain on the interest rate hedge, were received on maturity in November 2015.
We expect to spend approximately $55 million in the next twelve months on further investments in information technology,
the expansion of existing facilities and the addition of new offices. We believe that we will be able to fund our additional foreseeable
cash needs for the next twelve months from cash flow from operations, existing cash balances and funds available under negotiated
facilities. In the future, we may continue to consider acquiring businesses to enhance our service offerings and global presence.
Any such acquisitions could require additional external financing and we may from time to time seek to obtain funds from public or
private issues of equity or debt securities. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on terms acceptable to
us.
In connection with the purchase consideration to acquire a 100% interest in Symphony Clinical Research in September
2019, the company has recognized a contingent liability of $2.5 million at December 31, 2019. This amount is payable to the vendors
and is contingent upon Symphony Clinical Research attaining certain financial targets up to March 31, 2020. It is expected that this
contingent consideration will be finalized during the second quarter of 2020.
In connection with the acquisition of 60% of the share capital in MeDiNova in May 2019, the vendors have a right to sell
the remaining shares exclusively to ICON during 2020. The cash consideration payable to redeem this 40% noncontrolling interest
is linked to the earnings performance of MeDiNova for the twelve month period ending 31 March 2020. We expect to redeem this
noncontrolling interest for cash consideration of approximately $43.9 million in 2020.
Based on our current operating plan, the Group believes it has adequate liquidity to satisfy the cash needs for at least the
next 12 months. The Group has historically funded its operations, including acquisitions, mainly with its working capital, cash flow
generated from operations and debt facilities as appropriate.
Cash flows
Net cash from operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $412.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared with net
cash provided by operating activities of $268.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The dollar value of these balances and the related number of days’ revenue outstanding (i.e. revenue outstanding as a
percentage of revenue for the period, multiplied by the number of days in the period) can vary over a study or trial duration. Contract
fees are generally payable in installments based on the achievement of certain performance targets or “milestones” (e.g. target
patient enrollment rates, clinical testing sites initiated or case report forms completed), such milestones being specific to the terms
of each individual contract, while revenues on contracts are recognized as contractual obligations as performed. Billed and unbilled
revenue also includes amounts recoverable from customers in respect of reimbursable costs. On adoption of ASC 606 in the
previous financial year, we concluded that ICON is the contract principal in respect of both direct services and in the use of third
parties (principally investigator services) that support a clinical trial. The progress towards completion for clinical service contracts
is measured based on total project costs (including reimbursable costs). Reimbursable expenses are included within direct costs
on adoption of ASC 606 and are recorded based on activity undertaken by the third party. Amounts recorded as accrued to
investigators and others in respect of reimbursable expenses were $142.6 million at December 31, 2019 and $85.6 million at
December 31, 2018 (see note 7 - Other liabilities in the consolidated financial statements). Contractual terms with our customers
require ICON to receive and discharge payment to third parties prior to billing the customer for these items. Days’ revenue outstanding
will vary therefore due to, amongst others, the scheduling of contractual milestones over a study or trial duration, the achievement
of a particular milestone during the period, the timing of receipt of invoices from third parties for reimbursable costs and the timing
of cash receipts from customers. A decrease in the number of days’ revenue outstanding during a period will result in cash inflows
to the Company while an increase in days revenue outstanding will lead to cash outflows. The number of days’ revenue outstanding
at December 31, 2019 was 72 days compared to 67 days at December 31, 2018. This reflects both extended credit terms provided
to a number of key accounts and the timing of cash collections.
48
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $162.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to net cash used
in investing activities of $37.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Net cash used in investing activities the year ended
December 31, 2019 was largely attributable to cash outflows on the acquisitions of MMD of $42.2 million on January 25, 2019,
cash outflows on the acquisition of MeDiNova on May 23, 2019 of $54.1 million and cash outflows on the acquisition of Symphony
on September 24, 2019 of $35.0 million. These were offset in part by cash acquired of $11.7 million. During the year, capital
expenditure of $50.6 million, was made mainly related to investment in facilities and IT infrastructure. In addition, $21.7 million was
generated by the sale of short term investments, $9.6 million was used for the purchase of short term investments and $3.9 million
was used for the purchase of investments in equity.
In December 2018, net cash used in investing activities of $37.3 million arose principally on the investment in capital
expenditure of $48.4 million, offset in part by the net income on the sale of short-term investments of $18.9 million. Capital expenditure
comprised mainly of expenditure on global infrastructure and information technology systems to support the Company’s growth.
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash outflow from financing activities amounted to $125.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared
with net cash outflow from financing activities of $113.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Cash outflows in respect of
financing activities includes consideration paid by the Company for share buybacks pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase
program totaling $146.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $129.0 million in the year ended December 31,
2018 (see note 12 - Share Capital in the consolidated financial statements).
Net cash outflow
As a result of these cash flows, cash and cash equivalents increased by $124.5 million for the year ended December 31,
2019 compared to an increase of $113.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Research and development, patents and licenses
ICON plays a critical role in new drug development processes by undertaking activities in each of the different stages of
the drug development process. Clinical trials result in an advancement in the field of medical science as they establish the safety
and efficacy of new drugs thus resolving scientific uncertainty. As one of a number of world leaders in clinical research and
commercialization, ICON is a trusted partner for pharmaceutical and medical device companies in helping them to accelerate the
development of drugs and devices that save lives and improve the quality of life. ICON's role in ensuring that the trial design is
scientifically valid is a crucial part of the design and involves scientists, medical doctors and biostatisticians. ICON works with the
sponsors in designing the conduct of the clinical research trial. ICON's role in Ireland of conducting clinical trials is an integral part
of the research and development process leading ultimately to a decision as to whether or not each drug is safe for human
consumption, has the desired effect on targeted diseases and the best means of delivering that drug to the patient.
Trend information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, or
commitments or events since December 31, 2019 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our revenues,
income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the reported financial information in this annual report to be
not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
A. Off-balance sheet arrangements
Not applicable.
49
B. Contractual obligations table
The following table represents our principal contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2019:
Payments due by period
Total
Less than 1
year
1 to 3
years
3 to 5
years
More than
5 years
(U.S.$ in millions)
Operating lease obligations
Senior Notes
Interest on Senior Notes
Current and Non-current tax liabilities
Total (U.S.$ in millions)
$
$
113.2 $
28.3 $
44.7 $
22.9 $
350.0
12.8
17.5
350.0
12.8
3.8
—
—
7.0
—
—
4.8
493.5 $
394.9 $
51.7 $
27.7 $
17.3
—
—
1.9
19.2
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period.
We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on the other factors that we believe are reasonable
under current circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates if these assumptions prove to be incorrect or if conditions
develop other than as assumed for the purposes of such estimates. The following is a discussion of the accounting policies used
by us, which we believe are critical in that they require estimates and judgments by management.
Revenue Recognition
Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue
in any accounting period. Material differences in the amount of revenue in any given period may result if these judgments or estimates
prove to be incorrect or if management’s estimates change on the basis of development of the business or market conditions. To
date there have been no material differences arising from these judgments and estimates.
We earn revenues by providing a number of different services to our clients. These services, which are integral elements
of the clinical development process, include clinical trials management, contract staffing, consulting and laboratory services.
Contracts range in duration from a number of months to several years. The criteria for revenue recognition is based on five steps:
(1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligation in the contract; (3) determine the transaction
price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the
entity satisfies the performance obligation.
In the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’, with
a date of initial application of January 1, 2018. The revenue recognition accounting policy applied in preparation of the results for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 therefore reflect application of ASC 606. ICON adopted
the standard using the cumulative effect transition method.
The most significant impact of application of the standard relates to our assessment of performance and percentage of
completion in respect of our clinical trial service revenue. Prior to application of ASC 606, the revenue attributable to performance
was determined based on both input and output methods of measurement. We have concluded that under the new standard, a
clinical trial service is a single performance obligation satisfied over time i.e. the full service obligation in respect of a clinical trial
(including those services performed by investigators and other parties) is considered a single performance obligation. Promises
offered to the customer are not distinct within the context of the contract. We have concluded that ICON is the contract principal in
respect of both direct services and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support the clinical research
project. The transaction price is determined by reference to the contract or change order value (total service revenue and pass-
through/ reimbursable expenses) adjusted to reflect a realizable contract value. An assessment of the realizable contract value is
judgmental in nature. The realizable value assessment is updated at each reporting period, having regard to (i) contract terms and
(ii) customer experience.
50
Revenue is recognized on a percentage completion basis as the single performance obligation is satisfied. The progress
towards completion for clinical service contracts is measured therefore based on an input measure being total project costs (inclusive
of third party costs) at each reporting period. Measurement of the progress towards completion involves judgment and estimation.
Assessment of completion requires an evaluation of labor and related time cost incurred at the reporting date and third party costs
incurred at the reporting date. The assessment of third party costs incurred (principally investigator costs) requires a review of
activity performed and recorded by the third party services providers. The timing of payments to third parties in respect of cost
incurred reflect invoicing by third parties. The timing difference between the activity performed and receipt of invoices from third
parties may result in significant accrued amounts at reporting periods.
The assessment of progress towards completion also requires an up to date evaluation of the forecast costs to complete
in respect of these projects. Given the long-term nature of the clinical trials, and the complex nature of those trials, the forecast
costs to complete (being internal direct costs and costs that will be incurred by third parties (principally investigators)) is judgmental.
Forecast time (and related costs) is determined by reference to (i) contract terms and (ii) past experience. Forecast third party costs
to complete are determined by project by reference to (i) contract terms and (ii) past experience.
Our contracting services revenue is recognized on a right to invoice basis. Our consulting services revenue is recognized
based on an assessment of progress towards completion at each reporting period. Laboratory services revenue is recognized
when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the products or services are
transferred to the customer. Service revenue is recognized over time as the services are delivered to the customer based on an
assessment of progress towards completion.
Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements
Impact of new accounting pronouncements adopted during fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842 'Leases' (ASC 842), with a date of initial application of January 1, 2019. The lease
accounting policy applied in preparation of the results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 therefore reflect application
of ASC 842. ICON adopted the standard using the cumulative-effect adjustment approach. Under this transition method, ICON has
applied the new standard as at the date of initial application (i.e. January 1, 2019), without restatement of comparative period
amounts. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded as an adjustment to the opening consolidated balance
sheet as at the date of initial application (see note 28 - Impact of change in accounting policies for further details). The comparative
information has not been adjusted and therefore the results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 continue to be reported
under ASC 840 'Leases'.
The new standard requires lessees to recognize the rights and obligations resulting from virtually all leases on the balance
sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets with corresponding lease liabilities.
The most significant impact of application of the new standard for ICON relates to the recognition of right-of-use assets
and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for operating leases for certain property, vehicles and equipment. Prior to
application of ASC 842, costs in respect of operating leases were charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a
straight-line basis over the lease term. A lease liability and right-of-use asset of $106.5 million have been recorded on the Consolidated
Balance Sheet as at January 1, 2019 (see note 28 - Impact of change in accounting policies for further details). The net operating
cost of leases recorded in the year ended December 31, 2019 is $33.0 million (see note 22 - Operating leases for further details).
Pursuant to certain practical expedients available as part of adopting ASC 842, ICON has not reassessed; whether existing
or expired contracts are or contain leases, the classification of existing or expired leases, or whether unamortized initial direct costs
meet the new definition of initial direct costs under ASC 842. Additionally, ICON has elected to use hindsight in determining the
lease term and in assessing impairment of ROU assets, if any.
ICON determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Finance leases, if any, are depreciated on the same basis as
property, plant and equipment. At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Group did not account for any leases as finance
leases.
Operating leases are included in operating right-of-use assets, other liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities
on our Consolidated Balance Sheet with the lease charge recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets and
lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement
date or date of transition. Our lease terms may also include options to extend or terminate. ICON actively reviews options to extend
or terminate leases and adjusts the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The
ROU asset is adjusted for any prepayments made at the date of commencement and any initial direct costs incurred. As most of
ICON's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used is based on the rate of traded corporate bonds available at
the commencement date adjusted for country risk, liquidity and lease term.
51
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the depreciable lives of the corresponding fixed assets or the
lease term including any applicable renewals. Certain property leases include variable lease payments resulting from periodic rent
increases based on an index which are recognized as incurred on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
ICON accounts for lease and non-lease components separately with lease components flowing through the Consolidated
Balance Sheet and non-lease components expensed directly to the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other
We have reviewed the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) accounting pronouncements and interpretations
thereof that have effective dates during the periods reported. The following relevant ASUs have also been adopted in 2019:
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, 'Derivatives and Hedging - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for
Hedging Activities (Topic 815)'. The updated guidance expands an entity’s ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components
and reduce complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure
and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented
in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance also eases certain documentation and assessment
requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Entities will apply
the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective
approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements apply prospectively. This ASU was effective for public business entities,
for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 'Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic
480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part
II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and
Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception' under which down round features will not cause
certain equity-linked financial instruments to be accounted for as derivatives. A company that presents EPS information will reflect
the effect of a down round feature of free-standing equity-linked financial instruments in EPS only if it is triggered. The ASU was
effective for public business entities, for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption
of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 'Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the test for goodwill
impairment' which requires an entity to no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment.
Instead, impairment will be measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. The
ASU is effective for public businesses, that are SEC filers, for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The company early adopted this ASU from January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did
not have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, 'Codification Improvements'. This amendment makes changes to a variety
of topics to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The transition
and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments do not require
transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance of ASU 2018-09. The amendments effective upon issuance did not have a
material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. A majority of the amendments do have transition guidance
with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which expands the scope of ASC 718 'Compensation—Stock
Compensation' (ASC 718) to include share based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and
more closely aligns the accounting for employee and nonemployee share-based payments. This ASU was effective for public
business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did
not have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive
income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This ASU was effective for all entities
for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, which provided technical corrections and improvements to Accounting
Standards Update No. 2016-01, 'Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities'. The amendments clarify certain aspects of the guidance issued in update 2016-01. The ASU was
effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a
significant impact on the financial statements.
52
Impact of new accounting pronouncements which will be adopted during fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 'Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326)', which
significantly changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated
credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life. The update provides guidance on the measurement of credit losses for
most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The amendment replaces
the current incurred loss impairment approach with a methodology to reflect expected credit losses and requires consideration of
a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to explain credit loss estimates. The updated guidance is to be applied
on a modified retrospective approach and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after
December 15, 2019 for public business entities that are SEC filers. The adoption of Topic 326 is not expected to have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, 'Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software: Customer’s
Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (Topic 350)'. The
amendments in the update align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is
a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software
(and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The ASU is effective for public businesses, that are SEC
filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years and is to be applied either
retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 is not
expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, 'Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820)'. The
updated guidance requires entities to disclose changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive
income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used
to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Amendments in this guidance also require disclosure of transfers into and out of Level
3 of the fair value hierarchy, purchases and issues of Level 3 assets and liabilities, and clarify that the measurement uncertainty
disclosure is about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The guidance removes requirements to disclose the
amounts and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation
processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those
fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The adoption
of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-08 'Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from
Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)'. The amendments in this update require that an entity measure and classify share based
payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. The amount recorded as a reduction of the transaction
price is required to be measured on the basis of the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment award in accordance with
Topic 718. The grant date is the date at which a grantor (supplier) and a grantee (customer) reach a mutual understanding of the
key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. The classification and subsequent measurement of the award are
subject to the guidance in Topic 718 unless the share-based payment award is subsequently modified and the grantee is no longer
a customer. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2019. The adoption of ASU 2019-08 is not expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
Impact of other new accounting pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, 'Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans (Topic 715)'.
The updated guidance requires additional disclosures of weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and an
explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation. Amendments in the guidance
also clarify the requirement to disclose the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in
excess of plan assets. The same disclosure is needed for the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets
for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The guidance removes certain previous disclosure requirements no longer considered
cost beneficial. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The
Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 'Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740)'. The
amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in
Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending
existing guidance. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.
No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Inflation
We believe that the effects of inflation generally do not have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial
conditions.
53
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table and accompanying biographies set forth certain information concerning each of ICON plc’s Directors,
officers and other key employees as of February 27, 2020.
Name
Ciaran Murray
Dr. Steve Cutler (1)(5)
Brendan Brennan (1)(5)
Rónán Murphy (2)(3)(5)
Professor Hugh Brady (3)
Dr. John Climax
Joan Garahy (2)(4)
Professor William Hall (2)(4)
Eugene McCague (3)(4)
Julie O'Neill
Mary Pendergast (2)
Diarmaid Cunningham
Age
Position
57
59
41
62
60
67
57
70
61
54
69
45
Non-Executive Chairman and Director
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Chief Financial Officer
Lead Independent Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel & Company Secretary
(1) Named Executive Officer of the Company.
(2) Member of Compensation and Organization Committee.
(3) Member of Audit Committee.
(4) Member of Nominating and Governance Committee.
(5) Member of Execution Committee.
Ciaran Murray
Mr. Ciaran Murray graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University College Dublin in 1982. Mr. Murray
subsequently qualified as a chartered accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers. Following qualification, Mr. Murray gained
extensive global experience working as an executive in the fast moving consumer goods and technology sectors in Ireland, Italy,
the UK and the US.
Mr. Murray has been the Chairman of ICON plc since March 2017. Mr. Murray served as Chief Executive Officer from
October 2011 until March 2017 and was Chief Financial Officer from joining ICON plc in 2005 until his appointment as Chief Executive
Officer in 2011.
During his time with ICON plc, Mr. Murray was recognized for his leadership of ICON and the CRO industry. Mr. Murray
served as Chairman of the Association of Clinical Research Organizations (ACRO) which represents the CRO industry globally. In
addition, Mr. Murray was named as a leader in CRO Innovation by PharmaVOICE100, a listing of the most influential people in the
bio pharma industry.
University College Dublin awarded Mr. Murray an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 2013 for his support of third level
research and innovation in Ireland. In 2018, the Royal Dublin Society awarded Mr. Murray the RDS Gold Medal for Enterprise for
making an exceptional impact on Irish industry and commerce.
Dr. Steve Cutler
Dr. Steve Cutler was appointed Chief Executive Officer of ICON plc in March 2017, having previously served as Chief
Operating Officer from January 2014. Dr. Cutler served as Group President Clinical Research Services since November 2011 until
his appointment as Chief Operating Officer. Dr. Cutler was appointed to the Board of ICON plc in November 2015. Prior to joining
the Company, Dr. Cutler held the position of Chief Executive Officer of Kendle, having previously served as Chief Operating
Officer. Prior to Kendle, Dr. Cutler spent 14 years with Quintiles where he served as Senior Vice President, Global Project
Management; Senior Vice President, Clinical, Medical and Regulatory; Senior Vice President, Project Management - Europe; and
Vice President, Oncology - Europe, as well as regional leadership positions in South Africa and Australia. Prior to joining Quintiles,
Dr. Cutler held positions with Sandoz (now Novartis) in Australia and Europe. Dr. Cutler holds a B.Sc. and a Ph.D from the University
of Sydney and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Birmingham (UK).
54
Brendan Brennan
Mr. Brendan Brennan has served as Chief Financial Officer since February 2012. Mr. Brennan has developed his career
over the last 21 years from experience in various industries. Mr. Brennan joined ICON in 2006 and he has served in a number of
senior finance roles in the Company including the role of Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance. Prior to this he developed
his broad financial experience in Cement Roadstone Holdings, a major Irish building materials organization. Mr. Brennan spent a
number of years in public accounting with PwC prior to this. Mr. Brennan is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in
Ireland and holds a bachelor’s degree in Accounting and Finance from Dublin City University. Over his many years of experience
in the CRO industry Mr. Brennan has been involved in many industry organizations and developments including ACRO (Association
of Clinical Research Organizations) where he was the founding Chairman of the industry CFO round table group, a group formed
to aid CROs dealing with the various industry challenges. Mr. Brennan held the position of Chairman of the round table from its
foundation in 2017 to December 31, 2019.
Rónán Murphy
Mr. Rónán Murphy has served as an outside Director of the Company since October 2016. He was appointed as Lead
Independent Director in January 2019. Mr. Murphy is the former Senior Partner of PwC Ireland. Mr. Murphy was elected Senior
Partner in 2007 and was re-elected for a further four year term in 2011. Following completion of the maximum two terms, Mr. Murphy
retired from the firm in 2015. Mr. Murphy was also a member of the PwC EMEA Leadership Board for a five year period from 2010
to 2015. Mr. Murphy joined PwC in 1980 and was admitted to the Partnership in 1992. As an Assurance Partner, he served clients
across a number of sectors. In 1995, Mr. Murphy joined the firm’s leadership team and held a number of operational leadership
roles, prior to being appointed as Partner in Charge of the Firm’s Assurance Practice in 2003, a position he held for four years prior
to his appointment as Senior Partner. Mr. Murphy is presently Chairman of Greencoat Renewables PLC and a Non-Executive
Director of Davy Stockbrokers. Mr. Murphy currently serves as a council member of the ESRI and as Chair of Business in the
Community Ireland. He is also a founding Board Member of the British Irish Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Murphy completed a
Bachelor of Commerce and Masters in Business Studies at University College Dublin before qualifying as a chartered accountant
in 1982.
Professor Hugh Brady
Professor Hugh Brady has served as an outside Director of the Company since April 2014. In September 2015, Professor
Brady took up the position of President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Bristol - a member of the UK's Russell Group of
elite research-intensive universities. Professor Brady is also President Emeritus of University College Dublin (UCD), where he
served as President from 2004 until the end of 2013. During his tenure Professor Brady oversaw a major institution-wide
transformation program that included significant expansion of UCD’s science, engineering and biomedical research capacity through
the development of the O'Brien Centre for Science, Conway Institute for Biomedical Research, UCD Clinical Research Centre, the
Dublin Academic Medical Centre and the Ireland East Hospital Group. In addition, he led a major growth in UCD’s international
footprint. A nephrologist by training, Professor Brady was Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics at UCD before being appointed
the university’s President. Prior to that, he built a successful career as a physician and biomedical research scientist in the US -
spending almost a decade at Harvard University where he was Associate Professor of Medicine, Director of the Renal Division of
the Brockton/West Roxbury VA Medical Center and Consultant Physician at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston. He has
an international reputation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and renal inflammation. Professor Brady has held many
national and international leadership roles, including Chairman of the Irish Health Research Board and Chairman of the Universitas
21 Network of global research universities. He is also a Non-Executive Director of Kerry Group plc.
Dr. John Climax
Dr. John Climax, one of the Company’s co-founders, served as Chairman of the Board of the Company from November
2002 to December 2009 and as Chief Executive Officer from June 1990 to October 2002. From January 2010 he has held a position
as an outside Director of the Company. Dr. Climax has over 30 years of experience in the clinical research industry. Dr. Climax
received his primary degree in pharmacy in 1977 from the University of Singapore, his masters in applied pharmacology in 1979
from the University of Wales and his Ph.D. in pharmacology from the National University of Ireland in 1982. He has authored a
significant number of papers and presentations, and holds adjunct professorship at the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and
an honorary professorship at the National University of Singapore. He is currently Executive Chairman of DS Biopharma and CEO
of Afimmune, both of which are private companies.
Joan Garahy
Ms. Joan Garahy was appointed as an outside Director of the Company in November 2017. Ms. Garahy is the managing
director of ClearView Investment & Pensions Limited, a financial advisory company. Ms. Garahy is also a Non-Executive Director
of both Kerry Group plc and Irish Residential Properties REIT plc. Ms. Garahy’s previous executive roles include founder and
managing director of HBCL Investment & Pensions Ltd, Director of investments at HC Financial Services Group, head of research
at the Irish National Pension Reserve Fund, head of research at Hibernian Investment Managers and her equity analyst roles with
Goodbody Stockbrokers and NCB Group. Ms. Garahy was also previously a Non-Executive Director of Galway University Foundation
and she is currently a member of the board of The Irish Chamber Orchestra. Ms. Garahy holds a Bachelor of Science degree from
University College Galway and a Master of Science from University College Dublin.
55
Professor William Hall
Professor William Hall has served as an outside Director of the Company since February 2013. He is a renowned expert
in infectious diseases and virology. He currently serves as Distinguished Professor in Hokkaido University in Japan and is Professor
Emeritus of Medical Microbiology and the Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases at University College Dublin’s (UCD) School
of Medicine and Medical Science. Professor Hall also has served as Consultant to the Minister of Health and Children in the Republic
of Ireland, providing input on a range of topics including influenza pandemic preparedness, SARS, and bioterrorism. Prior to his
tenure at UCD, Professor Hall was Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Medical Virology, Senior Physician and Director of the
Clinical Research Centre at the Rockefeller University in New York. He previously served as an Assistant and Associate Professor
of Medicine at Cornell University. Professor Hall is a Non-Executive Director of Evofem Biosciences, San Diego, a Board member
of The Atlantic Philanthropies and is a co-founder of the Global Virus Network.
Eugene McCague
Mr. Eugene McCague was appointed as an outside Director of the Company in October 2017. Mr. McCague was a corporate
partner of Arthur Cox, one of Ireland’s premier law firms, from 1988 until June 2017. During his time with Arthur Cox, Mr. McCague
served as both managing partner and chairman of Arthur Cox and also advised a wide range of public and private companies on
mainstream corporate work, mergers and acquisitions, corporate restructurings and corporate governance. In addition to his
distinguished legal career, Mr. McCague also has extensive board experience with commercial, government and educational
organizations. Mr. McCague currently serves on the board of FLY Leasing Limited, an aircraft leasing company listed on the New
York Stock Exchange, and on the board of the Irish branch of AON Insurance. He also serves as chairman of Ibec, Ireland’s leading
business representative association. Mr. McCague’s previous board roles include the Health Service Executive, the Irish state body
which administers public health service in Ireland, chairman of the governing body of the Technological University Dublin, chairman
of the Technological University Dublin Foundation and chairman of the governing authority of University College Dublin. Mr. McCague
was also president of the Dublin Chamber of Commerce in 2006. Mr. McCague holds a Bachelor of Civil Law degree and a diploma
in European Law from University College Dublin.
Julie O’Neill
Ms. Julie O’Neill has served as a Non-Executive Director of ICON plc since July 2019. Ms. O’Neill was formerly Executive
Vice President, Global Operations of Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., where she was responsible for global manufacturing operations
and expanding and improving supply chain and quality operations in the US, Europe, and Asia. Before joining Alexion, Ms. O’Neill
was Vice President of Operations and General Manager for Ireland at Gilead Sciences and earlier in her career, Ms. O'Neill held
leadership positions in operations, manufacturing and quality functions at Burnil Pharmacies and Helsinn Birex Pharmaceuticals.
Ms. O’Neill serves as a Board Member of DBV Technologies and Hookipa Pharma Inc. and is also on the Board of Ireland’s National
Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training. Ms. O’Neill holds a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy from Trinity College Dublin,
a Masters of Business Administration from University College Dublin and is a Chartered Director of The Institute of Directors in
Ireland.
Mary Pendergast
Ms. Mary Pendergast has served as an outside Director of the Company since February 2014. Ms. Pendergast is an expert
in the regulatory aspects of drug development and is President of Pendergast Consulting, a consulting firm that advises
biopharmaceutical companies, patient groups, professional and advocacy organizations, governments and academic and financial
institutions. Prior to founding her own firm, Ms. Pendergast was Executive Vice President of Government Affairs at Elan Corporation
plc from 1998 to 2003. Ms. Pendergast also spent more than 18 years at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), serving as
Deputy Commissioner and Senior Advisor to the FDA Commissioner and Associate Chief Counsel for Enforcement.
Diarmaid Cunningham
Mr. Diarmaid Cunningham is Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel, Executive Vice President and Company
Secretary. Mr. Cunningham joined the Company as General Counsel in November 2009. From 2009 until 2013, Mr. Cunningham
was based in the Company’s global headquarters in Dublin. In 2013, Mr. Cunningham was seconded to the Company’s US
headquarters in Pennsylvania and that secondment ended in 2018 when Mr. Cunningham returned to Dublin. In July 2016, Mr.
Cunningham’s role expanded to include Chief Administrative Officer in addition to General Counsel. This expansion of his role
means Mr. Cunningham has responsibility to the Company’s Quality Assurance, Client Contracts Services, Facilities and
Procurement groups in addition to his responsibility for the Company’s Legal group. Mr. Cunningham graduated with a Bachelor of
Business and Legal Studies from University College Dublin in 1997, qualified as a lawyer in 2001 and completed the Stanford
Executive Program at Stanford University in California in 2015. Mr. Cunningham served as Secretary to the Board of the Association
of Clinical Research Organizations (ACRO) in 2013 and 2014. ACRO represents the CRO industry globally to key stakeholders
including pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device companies, regulators, legislators and patient groups. Prior to joining the
Company, Mr. Cunningham spent 10 years with A&L Goodbody, one of Ireland's premier corporate law firms.
56
B. Compensation
Compensation Discussion & Analysis
Remuneration policy
The Compensation and Organization Committee seeks to achieve the following goals with the Company’s executive
compensation programs: to attract, motivate and retain key executives and to reward executives for value creation. The Committee
seeks to foster a performance-oriented environment by ensuring that a significant portion of each executive’s cash and equity
compensation is based on the achievement of performance targets that are important to the Company and its shareholders.
The Company’s executive compensation program has three main elements: base salary, a bonus plan and equity incentives
in the form of share related awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans. All elements of key executives’ compensation
are determined by the Compensation and Organization Committee based on the achievement of the Group’s and individual
performance objectives. Base salary, bonus awards and Directors’ fees were determined by the Compensation and Organization
Committee in U.S. dollars or euro.
Outside Directors’ remuneration
Outside Directors are remunerated by way of Directors’ fees and are also eligible for participation in the share equity
incentive schemes. During 2019, each outside Director (excluding the Board Chairman) was paid an annual retainer of $65,000
and additional fees for Board Committee service.
Mr. Murray’s Executive Chairman term expired on May 12, 2018 and he transitioned to the outside Director role of Non-
Executive Chairman. The arrangements with the Non-Executive Chairman of the Board provide for payment of €300,000 (translated
at average rate for the year: $335,490) annually.
Mr. Rónán Murphy was appointed as Lead Independent Director with effect from January 1, 2019 and received an additional
fee of $25,000 for this role.
Outside Directors are not eligible for performance related bonuses and no pension contributions are made on their behalf.
The Compensation and Organization Committee sets non-Executive remuneration.
Executive Directors’ and Key Executive Officers’ remuneration
Total cash compensation is divided into a base salary portion and a bonus incentive portion. The Committee targets total
cash compensation with regard to healthcare/biopharmaceutical companies of similar market capitalization and peer CRO
companies, adjusted upward or downward based on individual performance and experience and level of responsibility. The
Compensation and Organization Committee believes that the higher the executive’s level of responsibility within the Company, the
greater the percentage of the executive’s compensation that should be tied to the Company’s performance. Target bonus incentive
for executive officers range between 50% and 100% with actual pay outs for 2019 ranging from 40% to 85% of salary based on
group and individual performance.
A total bonus of $1.2 million was awarded to the following individuals; Dr. Steve Cutler Chief Executive Officer ($0.9 million)
and Mr. Brendan Brennan Chief Financial Officer ($0.3 million) to reflect their contribution to the performance of the Company during
2019. These amounts were approved by the Compensation and Organization Committee and will be paid during the year ended
December 31, 2020.
The Company’s executives are eligible to receive equity incentives, including stock options, Restricted Share Units and
Performance Share Units, granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans. If executives receive equity incentive grants, they
are normally approved annually at the first scheduled meeting of the Committee in the fiscal year. The grant date is determined by
the Committee, and grants are awarded at the closing price on the day of grant. Newly hired executives may receive sign-on grants.
In addition, the Committee may, at its discretion, issue additional equity incentive awards to executives if the Committee determines
such awards are necessary to ensure appropriate incentives are in place. The equity award granted to each participant is determined
primarily by the Committee at the start of each year based on peer groups and advice from independent compensation consultants.
All executive officers are eligible to participate in applicable pension plans. The Company’s contributions are generally a
fixed percentage of their annual compensation, supplementing contributions by the executive. The Company has the discretion to
make additional contributions if deemed appropriate by the Committee. The Company’s contributions are determined at the peer
group median of comparable Irish companies and peer CRO companies. Contributions to this plan are recorded as an expense in
the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
57
Third party Agreements and Arrangements
ICON has not identified any arrangements or agreements relating to compensation or other payments provided by a third
party to ICON’s directors or director nominees in connection with their candidacy or board service as required to be disclosed
pursuant to NASDAQ Rule 5250(b)(3).
Executive Compensation
Summary compensation table - Year ended December 31, 2019
Name & principal
position
Year
Salary
Bonus
Pension
contribut
ion
All other
compen
sation
Subtotal
Share-
based
compens
ation
Director’s
Fees
Total
compens
ation
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
Dr. Steve Cutler
Chief Executive Officer
Brendan Brennan,
Chief Financial Officer
Total
2019
1,112
949
178
31
2,270
5,355
44
7,669
2019
2019
536
1,648
271
1,220
67
245
26
57
900
3,170
1,336
6,691
—
44
2,236
9,905
Summary compensation table - Year ended December 31, 2018
Name & principal
position
Year
Salary
Bonus
Pension
contribut
ion
All other
compen
sation
Subtotal
Share-
based
compens
ation
Director’s
Fees
Total
compens
ation
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
$’000
Ciaran Murray
Executive Chairman
and former Chief
Executive Officer*
Dr. Steve Cutler
Chief Executive Officer
and former Chief
Operating Officer
Brendan Brennan,
Chief Financial Officer
Total
2018
135
—
17
5
157
2,677
232
3,066
2018
1,100
1,100
186
195
2,581
5,235
44
7,860
2018
2018
560
1,795
323
1,423
70
273
26
226
979
3,717
1,569
9,481
—
276
2,548
13,474
*
Appointed as Non-Executive Chairman from May 12, 2018
58
Director Compensation
Summary compensation table - Year ended December 31, 2019
Name
Year
Salary
Company
pension
contribution
All other
compensa
tion
Subtotal
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
2019
$’000
—
1,112
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,112
$’000
$’000
—
178
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
178
—
980
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
980
Share-
based
compensa
tion
$’000
200
5,355
240
330
330
200
330
980
200
980
87
330
Director’s
fees
Total
Compen
sation
$’000
343
44
122
77
65
96
94
37
87
51
29
77
$’000
543
7,669
362
407
395
296
424
1,017
287
1,031
116
407
$’000
—
2,270
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,270
9,562
1,122
12,954
Appointed as Lead Independent Director on January 1, 2019.
Retired from the Board at the AGM on July 23, 2019.
***
Appointed to the Board on July 23, 2019.
Summary compensation table - Year ended December 31, 2018
Name
Year
Salary
Company
pension
contribution
All other
compensa
tion
Subtotal
Share-
based
compensa
tion
Director’s
fees
Total
Compens
ation
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
2018
$’000
135
1,100
$’000
$’000
17
186
5
1,295
$’000
157
2,581
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$’000
2,677
5,235
173
277
279
133
279
1,416
283
133
279
277
$’000
232
44
102
73
65
82
69
36
102
73
127
78
$’000
3,066
7,860
275
350
344
215
348
1,452
385
206
406
355
1,235
203
1,300
2,738
11,441
1,083
15,262
Ciaran Murray
Steve Cutler
Rónán Murphy *
Hugh Brady
John Climax
Joan Garahy
William Hall
Dermot Kelleher**
Eugene McCague
Declan McKeon**
Julie O'Neill***
Mary Pendergast
Total
*
**
Ciaran Murray*
Steve Cutler
Rónán Murphy
Hugh Brady
John Climax
Joan Garahy
Dermot Kelleher
Ronan Lambe**
William Hall
Eugene McCague
Declan McKeon
Mary Pendergast
Total
*
**
Appointed as Executive Chairman on March 1, 2017 and Non-Executive Chairman from May 12, 2018
Retired from the Board at the AGM on July 24, 2018
59
Disclosure of Compensation Agreements
Employment Contracts, Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements
The Company does not have any termination or change of control agreements with its named executive officers other
than as set out below and in the agreements relating to their equity incentives which provide for accelerated vesting on change of
control.
Directors’ and Executive Officers’ service agreements and letters of engagement
Mr. Ciaran Murray
Mr. Ciaran Murray has served as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors since May 2018 having served as
Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors from March 2017 until May 2018. Mr. Murray served as Chief Executive Officer of
the Company from October 2011 until March 2017. Mr. Murray has served as a Director of the Company since September 2011.
He previously served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company from October 2005 until October 2011. Mr. Murray entered into an
agreement with the Company in respect of his role as Executive Chairman which was effective from March 2017. Mr. Murray’s
Executive Chairman term expired on May 12, 2018 and he transitioned to Non-Executive Chairman. The current arrangement with
Mr. Murray provides for the payment to him of fees of $335,490 (€300,000) per annum in respect of his position as Non-Executive
Chairman. His previous service agreement as Executive Chairman included termination provisions and also includes certain post-
termination clauses including non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation provisions which still apply. As Chief Financial
Officer, Chief Executive and Executive Chairman, Mr. Murray was granted and held ordinary share options, Restricted Share Units
and Performance Share Units. The vesting of the ordinary share options and Restricted Share Units which were unvested on Mr.
Murray ceasing to be an ICON plc employee on May 12, 2018 were accelerated and the outstanding ordinary share options and
Restricted Share Units vested on that date. The unvested Performance Share Units with vesting dates between May 12, 2018 and
March 2019 were forfeited on Mr. Murray ceasing to be an ICON plc employee on May 12, 2018. He was previously granted and
held at February 27, 2020 58,646 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging from $71.95 to $125.74 per share and 1,454
Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020.
Dr. Steve Cutler
Dr. Steve Cutler has served as Chief Executive Officer since March 2017 having served as Chief Operating Officer of the
Company from January 2014 until March 2017. Prior to his appointment as Chief Operating Officer he served as Group President
Clinical Research Services since November 2011. He has served as an Executive Director of the Company since November 2015.
The Chief Executive Officer service agreement with Dr. Cutler is terminable on 12 months’ notice by either party. Under the terms
of this agreement Dr. Cutler is entitled to receive an annual salary of $1,116,500 and a bonus to be agreed by the Compensation
and Organization Committee. He is also entitled to receive a pension contribution, a car allowance of $12,000 and medical insurance
coverage for himself and his dependents. He was previously granted and held at February 27, 2020 149,098 ordinary share options
at exercise prices ranging from $48.67 to $140.38 per share, 24,610 Restricted Share Units which vest on various dates between
March 2020 and March 2022 and 46,025 (up to a maximum of 92,050) Performance Share Units which vest between March 2020
and March 2022 subject to the fulfillment of certain performance conditions. His Chief Executive Officer service agreement requires
him to devote his full time and attention to his duties for the Company excepting certain outside director positions authorized by
the Company. The agreement with Dr. Cutler includes termination and change of control provisions and also includes certain post-
termination clauses including non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation provisions. Dr. Cutler has a separate agreement
with the Company in respect to his role as a director of ICON plc. Under the terms of this agreement he is entitled to receive an
annual fee of $44,000.
Mr. Brendan Brennan
Mr. Brendan Brennan has served as Chief Financial Officer since February 2012 having previously served as acting Chief
Financial Officer since October 2011. Prior to this appointment, he served in a number of senior finance roles in the Company
including the role of Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance. The service agreement with Mr. Brennan is terminable on 12
months’ notice by either party. Under the terms of this agreement Mr. Brennan is entitled to receive an annual salary of $539,040
(€482,017) and a bonus to be agreed by the Compensation and Organization Committee. He is also entitled to receive a pension
contribution, a car allowance of €20,000 and medical insurance coverage for himself and his dependents. He was previously granted
and held at February 27, 2020 72,295 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging from $32.37 to $140.38 per share, 5,552
Restricted Share Units, which vest on various dates between March 2020 and March 2022, and 10,430 (up to a maximum of 20,860)
Performance Share Units which vest between March 2020 and March 2022 subject to the fulfillment of certain performance conditions.
His service agreement requires him to devote his full time and attention to his duties for the Company excepting certain outside
Director positions authorized by the Board. The agreement with Mr. Brennan includes termination and change of control provisions
and also includes certain post-termination clauses including non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation provisions.
60
Mr. Rónán Murphy
Mr. Rónán Murphy has served as Lead Independent Director from January 2019 having served as an outside Director of
the Company since October 2016. The arrangements with Mr. Murphy continue to provide for the payment to him of Directors fees
of $122,500 per annum. He was previously granted and held at February 27, 2020 11,160 ordinary share options at an exercise
prices ranging from $90.03 to $125.74 and 1,454 Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020.
Professor Hugh Brady
Professor Hugh Brady has served as an outside Director of the Company since April 2014. The arrangements with Professor
Brady provide for the payment to him of Directors fees of $77,500 per annum. He was previously granted and held at February 27,
2020 10,841 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging from $65.60 to $90.03 and 1,454 Restricted Share Units, which vest
in May 2020.
Dr. John Climax
Dr. John Climax, one of the Company’s co-founders, served as Chairman of the Board of the Company from November
2002 to December 2009. He also served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from June 1990 to October 2002 and is currently
an outside Director of the Company. The arrangements with Dr. Climax provide for the payment to him of Directors fees of $65,000
per annum. He was previously granted and held at February 27, 2020 47,755 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging
from $22.30 to $125.74 per share and 1,454 Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020.
Ms. Joan Garahy
Ms. Joan Garahy has served as an outside Director of the Company since November 2017. The arrangements with Ms.
Garahy provide for the payment to her of Directors fees of $97,500 per annum. She was previously granted and held at February 27,
2020 5,005 ordinary share options at an exercise price of $125.74 and 1,454 Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020.
Professor William Hall
Professor William Hall has served as an outside Director of the Company since February 2013. The arrangements with
Professor Hall provide for the payment to him of Directors fees of $90,000 per annum. He was previously granted and held at
February 27, 2020 10,841 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging from $65.60 to $90.03 and 1,454 Restricted Share
Units, which vest in May 2020.
Mr. Eugene McCague
Mr. Eugene McCague has served as an outside Director of the Company since October 2017. The arrangements with Mr.
McCague provide for the payment to him of Directors fees of $97,500 per annum. He was previously granted and held at February 27,
2020 5,005 ordinary share options at an exercise price of $125.74 and 1,454 Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020.
Ms. Julie O'Neill
Ms. Julie O'Neill was appointed an outside Director of the Company in July 2019. The arrangements with Ms. O'Neill
provide for the payment to her of Directors fees of $65,000 per annum effective from July 23, 2019. She was previously granted
and held at February 27, 2020 1,066 Restricted Share Units, which vest in May 2020
Ms. Mary Pendergast
Ms. Mary Pendergast has served as an outside Director of the Company since February 2014. The arrangements with
Ms. Pendergast provide for the payment to her of Directors fees of $77,500 per annum. She was previously granted and held at
February 27, 2020 43,255 ordinary share options at exercise prices ranging from $40.83 to $125.74 and 1,454 Restricted Share
Units, which vest in May 2020.
61
C. Board Practices
Board of Directors
The business of the Company is managed by the Directors who may exercise all the powers of the Company which are
not required by the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland or by the Constitution of the Company to be exercised by the Company in general
meeting. A meeting of Directors at which a quorum is present may exercise all powers exercisable by the Directors. The Directors
may delegate (with power to sub-delegate) to any Director holding any executive office and to any Committee consisting of one or
more Directors, together with such other persons as may be appointed to such Committee by the Directors, provided that a majority
of the members of each Committee appointed by the Directors shall at all times consist of Directors and that no resolution of any
such Committee shall be effective unless two of the members of the Committee present at the meeting at which it was passed are
Directors.
The Board comprises one executive and nine outside Directors at the date of this report. The outside Directors bring
independent judgment to bear on issues of strategy, performance, resources, key appointments and standards. The Company
considers all of its outside Directors to be of complementary skills, experience and knowledge and each outside Director has specific
skills, experience and knowledge that are valuable to the Company. The Board members between them have strong financial,
pharmaceutical, CRO, scientific, medical and other skills and knowledge which are harnessed to address the challenges facing the
Group. The Board meets regularly throughout the year and all Directors have full and timely access to the information necessary
for them to discharge their duties. The Directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary and may seek
external independent professional advice where required. The Board considers its current size (10 Directors) to be adequate but
continues to look for suitable qualified potential candidates to join the Board.
As set out below, certain other matters are delegated to Board Committees and all Board Committees report to the Board.
The Company maintains what it considers an appropriate level of insurance cover in respect of legal action against its Directors.
The Board, through the Nominating and Governance Committee, engages in succession planning for the Board and in so doing
considers the strength and depth of the Board and the levels of knowledge, skills and experience of the Directors necessary for
the Company to achieve its objectives. The Board meets at least four times each year. During the year ended December 31, 2019
the Board held five board meetings. All Directors allocated sufficient time to the Company during the year ended December 31,
2019 to effectively discharge their responsibilities to the Company.
Directors’ retirement and re-election
The Company’s Constitution provides that, unless otherwise determined by the Company at a general meeting, the number
of Directors shall not be more than 15 nor less than 3. At each annual general meeting, one third of the Directors who are subject
to retirement by rotation, rounded down to the next whole number if it is a fractional number, shall retire from office. The Directors
to retire shall be those who have been longest in office, but as between persons who became or were last re-appointed on the
same day, those to retire shall be determined, unless otherwise agreed, by lot. Any additional Director appointed by the Company
shall hold office until the next annual general meeting and will be subject to re-election at that meeting. Accordingly, at the annual
general meeting of the Company to be held in 2020, it is anticipated that 4 Directors will retire in accordance with the Constitution
and offer themselves for re-election. The Board of Directors adopted a Non-Executive Director Policy for Service on April 24, 2018
which provides that, subject to individual waiver by the Board, an outside Director of ICON plc shall serve on the Board of the
Directors for an initial term which expires at the fourth annual general meeting after their appointment. Each outside Director may
serve for a further two terms of 3 years each subject to the Board’s approval. After the final 3 year term the Board may request
that the outside Director serve for a further 1 year term which may be renewed annually subject to the Board’s approval. For an
outside Director who previously served as an executive of the Company, the initial 3 year term referred to in this policy is deemed
to commence on the date that he/she is determined to be independent as per the NASDAQ Rules. This policy does not apply to
Dr. John Climax as he is a founder of the Company.
Lead Independent Director
The Board of Directors adopted a Lead Independent Director Charter on February 14, 2017 which provides that in
circumstances where the Chairman of the Board is not independent, the independent members of the Board of Directors shall
appoint, from among their number, a Lead Independent Director. The Lead Independent Director shall generally assist in optimizing
the effectiveness and independence of the Board of Directors by performing such duties as described in the charter, on behalf of
the Board of Directors, including coordinating the meetings of the other non-employee and independent directors, and such other
duties as determined from time to time by the Board of Directors and/or its independent members. Mr. Declan McKeon, who served
as Lead Independent Director since March 1, 2017 stepped down on January 1, 2019 and Mr. Rónán Murphy was appointed as
Lead Independent Director with effect from that date.
62
Board Committees
The Board has delegated some of its responsibilities to Board Committees. There are four permanent Committees. These
are the Audit Committee, the Compensation and Organization Committee, the Nominating and Governance Committee and the
Execution Committee. Each Committee has been charged with specific responsibilities and each has written terms of reference
that are reviewed periodically. Minutes of Committee meetings are available to all members of the Board. The Company Secretary
is available to act as secretary to each of the Board Committees if required. Appropriate key executives are regularly invited to
attend meetings of the Board Committees. The Audit Committee, Compensation and Organization Committee and Nominating and
Governance Committee each completed a self-evaluation of the performance of the Committee during the year ended December
31, 2019 and each Committee was satisfied with their performance.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee meets a minimum of four times a year. It reviews the quarterly and annual financial statements, the
effectiveness of the system of internal control and recommends the appointment and removal of the external auditors. It monitors
the adequacy of internal accounting practices and addresses all issues raised and recommendations made by the external auditors.
The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided to the Company by its external auditors on a quarterly
basis. The Audit Committee, on a case by case basis, may approve additional services not covered by the quarterly pre-approval,
as the need for such services arises. The Audit Committee reviews all services which are provided by the external auditor to review
the independence and objectivity of the external auditor, taking into consideration relevant professional and regulatory requirements.
The Chief Financial Officer, the Head of Internal Audit, the General Counsel and the external auditors normally attend all meetings
of the Audit Committee and have direct access to the Committee Chairman at all times. The Audit Committee is currently comprised
of three independent Directors: Rónán Murphy (Chairperson), Professor Hugh Brady and Eugene McCague. Declan McKeon
stepped down as Chairperson and Rónán Murphy assumed the position of Chairperson with effect from February 19, 2019. Declan
McKeon stepped down as member of the Committee on July 22, 2019.
Compensation and Organization Committee
The Compensation and Organization Committee is responsible for senior executive remuneration. The Committee aims
to ensure that remuneration packages are competitive so that individuals are appropriately rewarded relative to their responsibility,
experience and value to the Company. Annual bonuses for the executive Directors and senior executive management are determined
by the Committee based on the achievement of the Company’s objectives. The Committee also oversees succession planning for
the Company’s senior management. The Compensation and Organization Committee is currently comprised of the following
independent Directors: Joan Garahy (Chairperson), Professor William Hall, Mary Pendergast and Rónán Murphy. Rónán Murphy
stepped down as Chairperson of the Committee and Joan Garahy assumed the position of Chairperson with effect from February
19, 2019.
Nominating and Governance Committee
The Nominating and Governance Committee reviews the membership of the Board of the Company and Board Committees
on an ongoing basis. As part of this it regularly evaluates the balance of skills, knowledge and experience on the Board and then,
based on this evaluation, identifies and, if appropriate, recommends individuals to join the Board of the Company. The Committee
uses an external search consultant as needed to assist it in identifying potential new outside Directors. Once potential suitable
candidates are identified either by the external search consultants or by members of the Nominating and Governance Committee,
the Committee then discusses and considers the skills, knowledge and experience of the potential candidate. The Committee will
assess if the Board of the Company requires and would benefit from the potential candidate’s skills, knowledge and experience
and, if it decides the potential candidate is suitable, the Committee would recommend to the Board of the Company that the potential
candidate be appointed. The Board of the Company then decides whether or not to appoint the candidate. The Committee considers
diversity of the Board members when making recommendations to the Board of the Company. The Nominating and Governance
Committee currently comprises the following independent Directors: Eugene McCague (Chairperson), Professor William Hall and
Joan Garahy. Professor William Hall stepped down as Chairperson of the Committee and Eugene McCague assumed the position
as Chairperson with effect from July 22, 2019. Declan McKeon, who served as a member of the Committee during 2019, stepped
down as a member of the Committee on July 22, 2019.
Execution Committee
The primary function of the Execution Committee is to exercise the powers and authority of the Board in intervals between
meetings of the Board within the limits set out in the Charter of the Execution Committee. The Execution Committee exercises
business judgment to act in what the Committee members reasonably believe to be in the best interest of the Company and its
shareholders. All powers exercised by the Execution Committee are ratified at board meetings. This Committee convenes as often
as it determines to be necessary or appropriate. The Execution Committee is currently comprised of the following Directors and
Officers: Steve Cutler (Chairperson), Rónán Murphy and Brendan Brennan. On January 1, 2019, Declan McKeon stepped down
as a member of the Execution Committee and Rónán Murphy joined the Committee.
63
Attendance at Board and Committee meetings
Attendance at Board and Committee meetings by the Directors who held office during 2019 are set out as follows:
Directors’ Attendance Table
Director
Ciaran Murray
Dr. Steve Cutler
Rónán Murphy (1)
Prof. Hugh Brady (1)
Dr. John Climax (1)
Joan Garahy (1)
Prof. William Hall (1)
Prof. Dermot Kelleher (1) (5)
Eugene McCague (1) (4)
Declan McKeon (1) (2) (3) (4)
Julie O'Neill (1) (6)
Mary Pendergast (1)
Board
Audit
Compensation
and
Organization
Nominating
and
Governance
Number of meetings attended / number of meetings eligible to attend as a Director
5/5
5/5
5/5
5/5
5/5
5/5
5/5
2/2
5/5
2/2
3/3
5/5
—
—
4/4
4/4
—
—
—
4/4
2/2
—
—
—
—
4/4
—
—
4/4
4/4
—
—
—
4/4
—
—
—
—
—
5/5
4/5
—
3/3
2/2
—
—
(1) Independent Director as defined under NASDAQ Rule 5605(a)(2).
(2) Mr. Declan McKeon retired as a Director of the Board on July 23, 2019.
(3) Mr. Declan McKeon retired from the Audit Committee with effect from July 22, 2019.
(4) Mr. Declan McKeon retired from the Nominating and Governance Committee and Eugene McCague was appointed to the
Nominating and Governance Committee with effect from July 22, 2019.
(5) Prof. Dermot Kelleher retired as a Director of the Board on July 23, 2019.
(6) Ms. Julie O’Neill was appointed as a Director on July 23, 2019.
(7) All decisions by the Execution Committee were made by written resolution and therefore no meetings were held.
D. Employees
At December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we employed approximately 14,650, 13,670 and
13,250 people respectively. Our employees are not unionized and we believe we have a satisfactory relationship with our employees.
64
E. Share Ownership
Shares
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 27, 2020 regarding beneficial ownership of our ordinary
shares by all of our current Directors and executive officers. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, all persons listed
below have sole voting and investment power with respect to their ordinary shares, except to the extent authority is shared by
spouses under applicable law.
Name of Owner or
Identity of Group
Mr. Ciaran Murray
Dr. Steve Cutler
Mr. Brendan Brennan
Mr. Rónán Murphy
Professor Hugh Brady
Dr. John Climax
Ms. Joan Garahy
Professor William Hall
Mr. Eugene McCague
Ms. Julie O'Neill
Ms. Mary Pendergast
No. of
Shares (1)
—
30,686
14,640
—
—
% of total
Shares
—
0.06%
0.03%
—
—
610,511
1.14%
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1) As used in these tables, each person has the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of a security, or the sole or
shared investment power with respect to a security (i.e. the power to dispose, or direct the disposition, of a security). A person
is deemed as of any date to have "beneficial ownership" of any security if that such person has the right to acquire such
security within 60 days after such date.
65
Restricted Share Units and Performance Share Units
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 27, 2020 regarding beneficial ownership of Restricted
Share Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) which have been issued to our current Directors and executive officers.
Name of Owner or
Identity of Group
Mr. Ciaran Murray
Dr. Steve Cutler
Mr. Brendan Brennan
No. of
RSUs
1,454
5,272
4,299
3,578
4,302
3,578
3,581
1,192
1,009
780
1,010
780
781
Vesting Date
May 17, 2020
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2022
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2022
No. of
PSUs (1)
Vesting Date
18,449
15,050
12,526
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2022
4,167
3,532
2,731
March 3, 2020
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2022
Mr. Rónán Murphy
1,454
May 17, 2020
Professor Hugh Brady
1,454
May 17, 2020
Dr. John Climax
1,454
May 17, 2020
Ms. Joan Garahy
1,454
May 17, 2020
Professor William Hall
1,454
May 17, 2020
Mr. Eugene McCague
1,454
May 17, 2020
Ms. Julie O'Neill
1,066
May 17, 2020
Ms. Mary Pendergast
1,454
May 17, 2020
(1) Of the issued PSUs, performance conditions will determine how many vest. If performance targets are exceeded, additional
PSUs will be issued and will vest in accordance with the terms of the relevant PSU award. The PSUs vest based on service
and specified EPS targets over the periods 2017 – 2019, 2018 – 2020 and 2019 – 2021. Depending on the actual amount
of EPS from 2017 to 2021, up to a maximum of 56,455 additional PSUs may also be granted to Dr. Steve Cutler and Mr.
Brendan Brennan.
66
Share Options
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 27, 2020 regarding options to acquire ordinary shares of
the Company by all of our current Directors and executive officers.
Name of Owner or
Identity of Group
Mr. Ciaran Murray
Dr. Steve Cutler
Mr. Brendan Brennan
Mr. Rónán Murphy
Professor Hugh Brady
Dr. John Climax
Ms. Joan Garahy
Professor William Hall
Mr. Eugene McCague
No. of
Options (1)
Exercise price Expiration Date
$71.95 March 4, 2024
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$125.74 May 18, 2026
$48.67 March 17, 2022
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$71.95 March 4, 2024
$83.47 March 3, 2025
$115.11 March 3, 2026
$140.38 March 3, 2027
$32.37 May 1, 2021
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$71.95 March 4, 2024
$83.47 March 3, 2025
$115.11 March 3, 2026
$140.38 March 3, 2027
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$125.74 May 18, 2026
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$65.60 May 20, 2024
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$22.30 April 27, 2020
$32.37 May 1, 2021
$40.83 May 23, 2022
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$65.60 May 20, 2024
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$125.74 May 18, 2026
$125.74 May 18, 2026
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$65.60 March 20, 2024
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$125.74 May 18, 2026
45,948
7,693
5,005
6,789
12,500
12,254
37,733
39,483
40,339
15,813
10,285
13,611
14,206
9,584
8,796
6,155
5,005
2,000
4,224
4,617
2,000
2,500
10,000
10,000
10,557
7,693
5,005
5,005
2,000
4,224
4,617
5,005
67
Name of Owner or
Identity of Group
Ms. Mary Pendergast
No. of
Options (1)
10,000
10,000
10,557
7,693
5,005
Exercise price Expiration Date
$40.83 May 23, 2022
$68.39 March 18, 2023
$65.60 May 20, 2024
$90.03 May 19, 2025
$125.74 May 18, 2026
(1) The title of securities covered by all of the above options are non-qualified.
In February 2018, the Board approved the appointment of Mr. Murray as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors
with effect from May 12, 2018. Mr. Murray ceased to be an employee of the Company as of this date. Mr. Murray was granted and
held ordinary share options, Restricted Share Units and Performance Share Units as Chief Financial Officer, Chief Executive Officer
and Executive Chairman. The vesting of the ordinary share options and Restricted Share Units which were unvested on Mr. Murray
ceasing to be an ICON plc employee (May 12, 2018) were accelerated and the outstanding ordinary share options and Restricted
Share Units vested on that date. The unvested Performance Share Units with vesting dates between May 12, 2018 and March
2019 were forfeit on Mr. Murray ceasing to be an ICON plc employee on May 12, 2018.
Equity Incentive Plans
On April 30 2019, the Company approved the 2019 Consultants and Directors Restricted Share Unit Plan (the “2019
Consultants RSU Plan”), which was effective as of May 16, 2019, pursuant to which the Compensation and Organization Committee
of the Company’s Board of Directors may select any consultant, adviser or Non-Executive Director retained by the Company, or a
Subsidiary to receive an award under the plan. 250,000 ordinary shares have been reserved for issuance under the 2019 Consultants
RSU Plan. The awards are at par value and vest over a service period. Awards granted to Non-Executive Directors in May 2019
vest over twelve months.
On April 23, 2013 the Company adopted the 2013 Employees Restricted Share Unit and Performance Share Unit Plan
(the “2013 RSU Plan”) pursuant to which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors may
select any employee, or any Director holding a salaried office or employment with the Company, or a Subsidiary to receive an award
under the plan. On May 11, 2015, the 2013 RSU Plan was amended and restated in order to increase the number of ordinary shares
that can be issued under the RSU Plan by 2.5 million shares. Accordingly, an aggregate of 4.1 million ordinary shares have been
reserved for issuance under the 2013 RSU Plan. The shares are awarded at par value and vest over a service period. Awards
under the 2013 RSU Plan may be settled in cash or shares at the option of the Company.
On July 21, 2008 the Company adopted the Employee Share Option Plan 2008 (the “2008 Employee Plan”) pursuant to
which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors may grant options to any employee,
or any Director holding a salaried office or employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for the purchase of ordinary shares. On
the same date, the Company also adopted the Consultants Share Option Plan 2008 (the “2008 Consultants Plan”), pursuant to
which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors may grant options to any consultant,
adviser or Non-Executive Director retained by the Company or any Subsidiary for the purchase of ordinary shares.
On February 14, 2017 both the 2008 Employee Plan and the 2008 Consultants Plan (together the “2008 Option Plans”)
were amended and restated in order to increase the number of options that can be issued under the 2008 Consultants Plan from
0.4 million to 1.0 million and to extend the date for options to be granted under the 2008 Option Plans. An aggregate of 6.0 million
ordinary shares have been reserved under the 2008 Employee Plan as reduced by any shares issued or to be issued pursuant to
options granted under the 2008 Consultants Plan under which a limit of 1.0 million shares applies. Further, the maximum number
of ordinary shares with respect to which options may be granted under the 2008 Employee Option Plan, during any calendar year
to any employee shall be 0.4 million ordinary shares. There is no individual limit under the 2008 Consultants Plan. No options may
be granted under the 2008 Option Plans after February 14, 2027.
Each option granted under the 2008 Option Plans will be a nonqualified stock option, or NSO and not an incentive stock
option as described in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. Each grant of an option under the 2008 Options Plans will be
evidenced by a Stock Option Agreement between the optionee and the Company. The exercise price will be specified in each Stock
Option Agreement, however option prices will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of an ordinary share on the date the
option is granted.
68
On January 17, 2003 the Company adopted the Share Option Plan 2003 (the “2003 Share Option Plan”) pursuant to which
the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Board could grant options to officers and other employees of the Company
or its subsidiaries for the purchase of ordinary shares. An aggregate of 6.0 million ordinary shares were reserved under the 2003
Share Option Plan; and, in no event could the number of ordinary shares issued pursuant to options awarded under this plan exceed
10% of the outstanding shares, as defined in the 2003 Share Option Plan, at the time of the grant, unless the Board expressly
determined otherwise. Further, the maximum number of ordinary shares with respect to which options could be granted under the
2003 Share Option Plan during any calendar year to any employee was 0.4 million ordinary shares. The 2003 Share Option Plan
expired on January 17, 2013. No new options may be granted under this plan.
Share option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s shares at date of
grant. Share options typically vest over a period of five years from date of grant and expire eight years from date of grant. Share
options granted to Non-Executive Directors during 2018 vest over 12 months and expire eight years from the date of grant.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of ICON's ordinary shares as of
February 27, 2020 (i) by each person that beneficially owns more than 5% of the outstanding ordinary shares, based upon information
known to us and publicly available information; and (ii) by all of our current Directors, officers and other key employees as a group.
Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, all persons listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect
to their ordinary shares, except to the extent authority is shared by spouses under applicable law. None of the persons listed below
have voting rights that differ from any other person listed below.
Name of Owner or Identity of Group
Wellington Management Company, LLP (2)
WCM Investment Management (2)
All Directors, officers and other key employees
as a group (3)
2019
2018 (4)
2017 (5)
No. of
Shares (1)
Percent
of Class
No. of
Shares (1)
Percent
of Class
No. of
Shares (1)
Percent
of Class
3,800,959
3,643,211
7.1% 3,728,130
6.9% 3,724,413
6.8% 5,272,086
9.8% 4,376,491
6.9%
8.1%
1,278,374
2.4% 1,578,677
2.9% 2,030,152
3.8%
(1) As used in this table, each person has the sole or shared power to vote or direct the voting of a security, or the sole or shared
investment power with respect to a security (i.e., the power to dispose, or direct the disposition, of a security). A person is
deemed as of any date to have "beneficial ownership" of any security if that such person has the right to acquire such security
within 60 days after such date.
(2) Neither the Company nor any of its officers, Directors or affiliates holds any voting power in this entity.
(3) Includes 449,372 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options granted by the Company, 46,439 RSUs awarded
by the Company to Directors, officers and other key employees and 126,726 PSUs awarded by the Company to Directors,
officers and other key employees. Of the PSUs, performance conditions determine how many of them will vest and, if
performance targets are exceeded, additional PSUs will be issued and vest in accordance with the terms of the relevant
PSU award, the figure included is the maximum amount of PSUs that may be issued.
(4) Amounts shown above are stated as of March 1, 2019.
(5) Amounts shown above are stated as of February 28, 2018.
ICON plc, is not directly or indirectly, owned or controlled by another corporation or by any government.
B. Related Party Transactions
Subsidiaries of the Company earned revenue of $95,000 (December 31, 2018: $633,000) from DS Biopharma Limited
(formerly Dignity Sciences Limited) during the year. Dr. John Climax is Chief Executive Officer and both Dr. John Climax and Dr.
Ronan Lambe are Directors and shareholders of DS Biopharma Limited. $36,000 was recorded as due from DS Biopharma Limited
at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $338,000). Dr. Ronan Lambe retired as a Director of ICON plc on July 24, 2018. The
contract terms were agreed on an arm’s length basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, personal expenses totaling $178,000 were settled by the Company on behalf
of Mr. Ciaran Murray. Payment was received in advance from Mr. Murray in respect of these expenses. The Company transferred
ownership of an asset at fair value ($77,000) to Mr. Ciaran Murray effective November 1, 2017. Payment was received in full in
January 2018.
69
On July 22, 2016, Mr. Thomas Lynch retired as a Director of the Company, having previously resigned as Chairman of the
Company in March 2016. The terms of the consultancy agreement expired on July 31, 2019. A charge of $151,360 was recorded
during 2019 in respect of consultancy services provided by a company controlled by Mr. Lynch (December 31, 2018: $274,519) .
There were no amounts due to Mr. Lynch at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $64,000).
Item 8. Financial Information.
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
See Item 18.
Legal Proceedings
ICON is not party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that we believe could reasonably be expected to have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid cash dividends on our ordinary shares and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on our ordinary
shares in the foreseeable future.
B. Significant Changes
There have been no significant changes to our business that we believe could reasonably be expected to have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing.
A. Offer and listing details
ICON’s ordinary shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “ICLR”. ICON plc’s ADR
program was terminated on January 31, 2013 and ICON plc’s ordinary shares began directly trading on NASDAQ on February 4,
2013. Prior to that date, ICON plc’s ADSs were traded on NASDAQ and ICON plc’s Depository for the ADSs was The Bank of New
York Mellon.
B. Plan of distribution
Not applicable
C. Markets
NASDAQ
D. Selling shareholders
Not applicable
E. Dilution
Not applicable
Item 10. Additional Information.
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and articles of association
Constitution
We hereby incorporate by reference our Constitution, as amended, located under the heading “Constitution of the Company”
in Exhibit 3.1.
The following is a summary of certain provisions of the current Constitution of the Company. This summary does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Constitution of the Company, which are included
as an exhibit to this annual report.
70
Objects
The Company is incorporated under the name ICON plc, and is registered in Ireland under registered number 145835.
The Company's objects, which are detailed in the Constitution of the Company, are broad and include, but are not limited to the
carrying on the business of an investment holding company.
Directors
Subject to certain exceptions, Directors may not vote on matters in which they have a material interest. Any Director who
holds any executive office, serves on any Committee or otherwise performs services, which, in the opinion of the Directors, are
outside the scope of the ordinary duties of a Director, may be paid such extra remuneration as the Directors may determine. The
Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money. These powers may be amended by special resolution of
the shareholders. The Directors are not required to retire at any particular age. One-third of the Directors retire and offer themselves
for re-election at each Annual General Meeting ("AGM") of the Company. The Directors to retire by rotation are those who have
been longest in office since their last appointment or reappointment. As between persons who became or were appointed Directors
on the same date, those to retire are determined by agreement between them or, otherwise, by lot. All of the shareholders entitled
to attend and vote at the AGM may vote on the re-election of Directors. There is no requirement for Directors to hold shares set out
in the Constitution.
Rights, Preferences and Dividends Attaching to Shares
The Company has only one class of shares, Ordinary Shares with a par value of €0.06 per share. All such Ordinary Shares
rank equally with respect to voting, payment of dividends and on any winding-up of the Company. Any dividend, interest or other
sum payable to a shareholder that remains unclaimed for one year after having been declared may be invested by the Directors
for the benefit of the Company until claimed. If the Directors so resolve, any dividend which has remained unclaimed for 12 years
from the date of its declaration shall be forfeited and cease to remain owing by the Company. In the event of the Company being
wound up, if the assets available for distribution among the Members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share
capital paid up or credited as paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed among the Members
in proportion to the capital at the commencement of the winding up paid up or credited as paid up on the said Ordinary Shares held
by them respectively. An Ordinary Share shall be deemed to be a redeemable share in certain circumstances. The liability of
shareholders to invest additional capital is limited to the amounts remaining unpaid on the shares held by them.
Action Necessary to Change the Rights of Shareholders
The rights attaching to shares in the Company may be varied by special resolutions passed at class meetings of that class
of shareholders of the Company.
Annual and General Meetings
The AGM shall be held in such place and at such time as shall be determined by the board, but no more than 15 months
shall pass between the dates of consecutive AGMs. Directors may call an Extraordinary General Meeting (“EGM”) at any time. The
members, in accordance with the Constitution of the Company and Irish Company law, may also requisition EGMs. Notice of the
AGM or an EGM passing any special resolution must be given at least 21 clear days prior to the scheduled date and, in the case
of any other general meeting, not less than 14 clear days’ notice. All holders of Ordinary Shares are entitled to attend, speak at and
vote at general meetings of the Company.
Limitations on the Right to Own Shares
There are no limitations on the right to own shares in the Constitution of the Company.
Disclosure of Share Ownership
Under Irish law, the Company can require parties to disclose their interests in shares. The Constitution of the Company
entitle the Directors to require parties to provide details regarding their identity and the nature and extent of any interest which such
parties hold in Ordinary Shares. Under Irish law, if a party acquires or disposes of Ordinary Shares so as to bring their interest
above or below 3% of the total issued share capital of the Company, they must notify the Company of that. The Company would
also need to be notified of the acquisition by an existing substantial (i.e. 3% plus) shareholder, of every movement of one whole
percentage integer (e.g. 3.9% to 4.1% but not 4.1% to 4.9%) or more.
Other Provisions of the Constitution
There are no provisions in the Constitution of the Company:
(i) delaying or prohibiting a change in the control of the Company, but which operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition
or corporate restructuring;
(ii) discriminating against any existing or prospective holder of shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial
number of shares; or
(iii) governing changes in capital, in each case, where such provisions are more stringent than those required by law.
71
C. Material Contracts
Not applicable.
D. Exchange Controls and Other Limitations Affecting Security Holders
Irish exchange control regulations ceased to apply from and after December 31, 1992. Except as indicated below, there
are no restrictions on non-residents of Ireland dealing in domestic securities, which includes shares or depository receipts of Irish
companies. Except as indicated below, dividends and redemption proceeds also continue to be freely transferable to non-resident
holders of such securities.
The Financial Transfers Act, 1992 gives power to the Minister for Finance of Ireland to make provision for the restriction
of financial transfers between Ireland and other countries and persons. Financial transfers are broadly defined, and include all
transfers which would be movements of capital or payments within the meaning of the treaties governing the European Communities.
The acquisition or disposal of shares issued by an Irish incorporated company and associated payments may fall within this definition.
In addition, dividends or payments on redemption or purchase of shares and payments on a liquidation of an Irish incorporated
company would fall within this definition.
The Financial Transfers Act, 1992 prohibits financial transfers involving a number of persons, entities and bodies, which
is subject to amendment on an ongoing, regular basis and currently includes, but is not limited to: certain persons and activities in
Sudan, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Libya, Iraq, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Myanmar/Burma,
Tunisia, Zimbabwe, Egypt, Venezuela, certain persons, entities and bodies in Syrian Arab Republic, the Republic of Guinea-Bissau,
Nicaragua, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Ukraine, associated with the Taliban in Afghanistan; associated with ISIL (Da’esh)
and Al-Qaeda; associated with Turkey’s unauthorized drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean and certain known terrorists
and terrorist groups and countries that harbor certain terrorist groups, without the prior permission of the Central Bank of Ireland.
There are no restrictions under the Company’s Constitution or under Irish Law that limit the right of non-residents or foreign
owners to hold the Company’s ordinary shares or vote at general meetings of the Company.
E. Taxation
General
The following discussion is based on existing Irish tax law, Irish court decisions and the practice of the Revenue
Commissioners of Ireland, and the convention between the United States and Ireland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and
the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to income and capital gains (the "Treaty"). This discussion does not purport to deal
with the tax consequences of owning the ordinary shares for all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special
rules. Prospective purchasers of ordinary shares are advised to consult their own tax advisors concerning the overall tax
consequences arising in their own particular situations under Irish law. Each prospective investor should understand that future
legislative, administrative and judicial changes could modify the tax consequences described below, possibly with retroactive effect.
As used herein, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares that (i) owns the ordinary shares as
capital assets; (ii) is a U.S. citizen or resident, a U.S. corporation, an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source or a trust that meets the following two tests: (A) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision
over the administration of the trust, and (B) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the
trust; and for the purpose of the discussion under Irish Taxation of U.S. Holders (A) is not a resident of, or ordinarily resident in,
Ireland for the purposes of Irish tax; and (B) is not engaged in trade or business in Ireland through a permanent establishment.
AS USED HEREIN, REFERENCES TO THE ORDINARY SHARES SHALL INCLUDE SHARES HELD IN THE ACCOUNTS
OF PARTICIPANTS THROUGH THE DEPOSITARY TRUST COMPANY (“THE DTC”).
Irish Taxation
Irish corporation tax on income
ICON is a public limited company incorporated and resident for tax purposes in Ireland by virtue of its place of central
management and control being in Ireland.
Companies which are resident in the Republic of Ireland are subject to Irish corporation tax on their total profits (wherever
arising and, generally, whether or not remitted to the Republic of Ireland). The question of residence, by virtue of management and
control, is essentially one of fact. It is the present intention of the Company's management to continue to manage and control the
Company from the Republic of Ireland, so that the Company will continue to be resident in the Republic of Ireland.
The standard rate of Irish corporation tax on trading income (with certain exceptions) is currently 12.5%.
72
A research and development tax credit is available in Ireland where an Irish resident company incurs qualifying expenditure
on research and development activities. Qualifying expenditure incurred in a particular account period results in a tax credit of 25%
of that expenditure.
Corporation tax is charged at the rate of 25% on a company's non-trading income and certain types of trading income not
eligible for the lower rate of 12.5% referred to above.
Capital gains arising to an Irish resident company are liable to tax at 33%. However, a capital gains tax exemption is
available in Ireland for qualifying Irish resident companies in respect of disposals of certain qualifying shareholdings.
The exemption from capital gains tax on the disposal of shares by an Irish resident company will apply where certain
conditions are met. These conditions principally are:
•
•
•
The company claiming the exemption must hold (directly or indirectly) at least 5% of the ordinary share capital of the
company in which the interest is being disposed of, throughout a continuous period of at least 12 months, within the two
year period prior to disposal;
The shares being disposed of must be in a company, which at the date of disposal, is resident in a Member State of the
European Communities or in a country with which Ireland has signed or made specific arrangements to sign a double tax
agreement (together a “Relevant Territory”);
The shares must be in a company which is primarily a trading company or the company making the disposal together with
its “5% plus subsidiaries” should be primarily a trading group; and
•
The shares must not derive the greater part of their value from land or mineral rights in the State.
Irish withholding tax on dividends
Unless specifically exempted, all dividends paid by the Company, will be subject to Irish withholding tax at the standard
rate of income tax in force at the time the dividend is paid, which is currently 25%.
An individual shareholder who is neither resident nor ordinarily resident for tax purposes in Ireland, but is resident in a
country with which Ireland has a double tax treaty, or in a member state of the European Union, other than Ireland (together, a
Relevant Territory), will be exempt from withholding tax provided he or she makes the requisite declaration.
Irish resident corporate shareholders will be exempt from withholding tax. Where the shareholding held by the recipient
Company, in the company paying the dividend is not 51% or greater a declaration must be made in order to avail of the exemption.
Non-Irish resident corporate shareholders will be exempt from withholding tax on the production of the appropriate
certificates and declarations where they:
•
•
•
•
are resident in a Relevant Territory and are not controlled (directly or indirectly) by Irish residents;
are ultimately controlled (directly or indirectly) by residents of a Relevant Territory; or
have the principal class of their shares, or shares of a 75% parent, substantially and regularly traded on one or more
recognized stock exchanges in a Relevant Territory (including Ireland) or Territories; or
are wholly owned by two or more companies, each of whose principal class of shares is substantially and regularly traded
on one or more recognized stock exchanges in a Relevant Territory (including Ireland) or Territories.
U.S. holders of ordinary shares should note, however, that detailed documentation requirements may need to be complied
with. Special arrangements are available in the case of an interest in shares held in Irish companies through a depositary or in
accounts of participants through the DTC. In certain cases the depositary or the DTC can receive and pass on a dividend from an
Irish company without deducting withholding tax, provided the depositary or the DTC is a qualifying intermediary, and provided the
person beneficially entitled to the distribution would meet the same conditions outlined above for the withholding tax exemption to
apply and has provided the qualifying intermediary with the appropriate declarations. The depositary or the DTC shall be regarded
as a qualifying intermediary provided the following conditions are met:
•
•
•
the depositary or the DTC is resident in a Relevant Territory; and
the depositary or the DTC have entered into a qualifying intermediary agreement with the Irish tax authorities; and
the depositary or the DTC have been authorized by the Irish Revenue Commissioners as a qualifying intermediary and
such authorization has not expired or been revoked.
73
Irish income tax on dividends
Irish resident or ordinarily resident shareholders will generally be liable to Irish income tax on dividend income at their
marginal rate of income tax. This income may also be liable to Pay Related Social Insurance (“PRSI”) of up to 4% and the Universal
Social Charge (“USC”) of up to 11% (up to 15% in total).
Under certain circumstances, non-Irish resident shareholders will be subject to Irish income tax on dividend income. This
liability is limited to tax at the standard rate of 20% and therefore, where withholding tax has been deducted, this will satisfy the tax
liability. No PRSI or USC should apply in these circumstances.
However, a non-Irish resident shareholder will not have an Irish income tax liability on dividends from the Company if the
holder is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland and the holder is:
•
•
•
•
•
an individual resident in the U.S. or in a Relevant Territory;
a corporation that is ultimately controlled by persons resident in the U.S. or in a Relevant Territory;
a corporation whose principal class of shares (or its 75% or greater parent’s principal class of shares) is substantially and
regularly traded on a recognized stock exchange in an EU country or in a Relevant Territory;
a corporation resident in another EU member state or in a Relevant Territory, which is not controlled directly or indirectly
by Irish residents; or
a corporation that is wholly owned by two or more corporations each of whose principal class of shares is substantially
and regularly traded on a recognized stock exchange in an EU country or in a Relevant Territory.
U.S. Holders who do not qualify for the above income tax exemption may be able to obtain treaty benefits under the double
tax treaty.
Irish domicile levy
Certain non-Irish resident individuals that are domiciled in Ireland will be subject to an annual levy of €200,000 if their Irish-
located property exceeds €5,000,000, their worldwide annual income exceeds €1,000,000 and their liability to Irish Income Tax in
that year is less than €200,000.
Irish capital gains tax on disposal of shares
Irish resident or ordinarily resident shareholders will be liable to capital gains tax at 33% on gains arising from the disposal
or part disposal of their shareholding.
A person who is not resident or ordinarily resident in Ireland, who has not been an Irish resident within the past five years
and who does not carry on a trade in Ireland through a branch or agency will not be subject to Irish capital gains tax on the disposal
of ordinary shares or shares held in accounts of participants through the DTC, so long as the shares do not derive the greater part
of their value from Irish land or mineral rights.
There are provisions to subject a person who disposes of an interest in a company while temporarily being non-Irish
resident, to Irish capital gains tax. This treatment will apply to Irish domiciled individuals:
• who cease to be Irish resident;
• who beneficially own the relevant assets when they cease to be resident;
•
if there are not more than 5 years of assessment between the last year of Irish tax residence prior to becoming temporarily
non-resident and the tax year that he/she resumes Irish tax residency;
• who dispose of the relevant assets during this temporary non-residence; and
•
the interest disposed of represents 5% or greater of the issued share capital of the company or is worth at least
€500,000.
In these circumstances the person will be deemed, for Irish capital gains tax purposes, to have sold and immediately
reacquired the interest in the company on the date of his or her departure and will be subject to tax at 33% of the taxable gain.
74
Irish capital acquisitions tax
Irish capital acquisitions tax (referred to as CAT) applies to gifts and inheritances. Subject to certain tax-free thresholds,
gifts and inheritances are liable to tax at 33%.
Where a gift or inheritance is taken under a disposition made after December 1, 1999 it will be within the charge to CAT:
•
to the extent that the property of which the gift or inheritance consists is situated in the Republic of Ireland at the
date of the gift or inheritance;
• where the person making the gift or inheritance is or was resident or ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland at
the date of the disposition under which the gift or inheritance is taken;
•
in the case of a gift taken under a discretionary trust where the person from whom the gift is taken was resident or
ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland at the date he/she made the settlement, or at the date of the gift or, if
he/she is dead at the date of the gift, at the date of his/her death; or
• where the person receiving the gift or inheritance is resident or ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland at the
date of the gift or inheritance.
For these purposes a non-Irish domiciled individual will not be regarded as resident or ordinarily resident in the Republic
of Ireland on a particular date unless they are resident or ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland on that date and have been
resident for the 5 consecutive tax years immediately preceding the year of assessment in which the date falls.
The person who receives the gift or inheritance (“the beneficiary”) is primarily liable for CAT. In the case of an inheritance,
where a beneficiary and personal representative of the deceased are both non-residents, a solicitor must be appointed to be
responsible for paying inheritance tax. Taxable gifts or inheritances received by an individual since December 5, 1991 from donors
in the same threshold class are aggregated and only the excess over a specified tax-free threshold is taxed. The tax-free threshold
is dependent on the relationship between the donor and the donees and the aggregation since December 5, 1991 of all previous
gifts and inheritances, within the same tax threshold.
The tax-free threshold amounts that apply are:
• €16,250 in the case of persons who are not related to one another;
• €32,500 in the case of gifts or inheritances received from inter alia a brother or sister or from a brother or sister of
a parent or from a grandparent; and
• €335,000 in the case of gifts and inheritances received from a parent (or from a grandparent by a minor child of a
deceased child) and specified inheritances received by a parent from a child for gifts or inheritances taken on or
after October 9, 2019. This threshold was €320,000 prior to October 9, 2019.
Gifts and inheritances passing between spouses are exempt from CAT.
A gift or inheritance of ordinary shares or ADSs will be within the charge to Irish capital acquisitions tax, notwithstanding
that the person from whom or by whom the gift or inheritance is received is domiciled or resident outside Ireland.
The Estate Tax Convention between Ireland and the United States generally provides for Irish capital acquisitions tax paid
on inheritances in Ireland to be credited against U.S. Federal Estate tax payable in the United States and for tax paid in the United
States to be credited against tax payable in Ireland, based on priority rules set forth in the Estate Tax Convention. The Estate Tax
Convention does not apply to Irish capital acquisitions tax paid on gifts.
Irish stamp duty
Irish stamp duty, which is a tax on certain documents, is payable on all transfers of ordinary shares (other than between
spouses) whenever a document of transfer is executed. Where the transfer is attributable to a sale, stamp duty will be charged at
a rate of 1%, rounded to the nearest euro. The stamp duty is calculated on the amount or value of the consideration (i.e. purchase
price) or, if the transfer is by way of a gift (subject to certain exceptions) or for consideration less than the market value, on the
market value of the shares. Where the consideration for the sale is expressed in a currency other than euro, the duty will be charged
on the euro equivalent calculated at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transfer.
Transfers through the DTC of book entry interests in shares are not subject to Irish stamp duty.
75
A transfer of ordinary shares by a shareholder to a depositary or custodian for deposit and a transfer of ordinary shares
from the depositary or the custodian for the purposes of the withdrawal of the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with the
terms of a deposit agreement will be stampable at the ad valorem rate if the transfer relates to a sale, a contemplated sale, a gift
or any other change in the beneficial ownership of such ordinary shares. However transfers of ordinary shares into or out of the
DTC are not subject to Irish stamp duty provided that no change in beneficial ownership of the shares has occurred and provided
a contract for sale in respect of the transferring shares is not in place.
The person accountable for payment of stamp duty is normally the transferee or, in the case of a transfer by way of gift,
or for a consideration less than the market value, all parties to the transfer.
Transfers of ordinary shares between associated companies (broadly, companies within a 90% group relationship and
subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions) are exempt from stamp duty in the Republic of Ireland. In the case of transfers of
ordinary shares where no beneficial interest passes (e.g. a transfer of shares from a beneficial owner to his nominee), no stamp
duty arises.
No stamp duty shall arise on the transfer of ordinary shares where the consideration for the transfer does not exceed
€1,000, provided the instrument contains a statement certifying that the transaction does not form part of a larger transaction or a
series of larger transactions, in respect of which the amount of the total consideration attributable to the shares would exceed
€1,000.
F. Dividends and paying agents
Not applicable
G. Statement by experts
Not applicable
H. Documents on Display
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange
Act”) and file reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
We “incorporate by reference” information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this report and more
recent information automatically updates and supersedes more dated information contained or incorporated by reference in this
report. Our SEC file number for Exchange Act reports is 333-08704.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act, including prescribing the furnishing
and content of proxy statements to shareholders.
We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, on the written or oral request of such person,
a copy of any or all documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated by reference in this report (not including
exhibits to such incorporated information that are not specifically incorporated by reference into such information). Requests for
such copies should be directed to us at the following address: ICON plc, South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Dublin 18,
Ireland, Attention: Erina Fox, telephone number: +353 1 2912000.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable
Exemptions From Corporate Governance Listing Requirements Under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules
NASDAQ may provide exemptions from certain NASDAQ corporate governance standards to a foreign private issuer if,
among other reasons those standards are contrary to a law, rule or regulation of a public authority exercising jurisdiction over such
issuer or contrary to generally accepted business practices in the issuer’s home country of domicile, provided, that, the foreign
private issuer properly notifies NASDAQ and makes the required disclosure except to the extent that such exemptions would be
contrary to United States federal securities laws.
76
The exemptions that the Company relies on, and the practices the Company adheres to, are as follows:
• The Company is exempt from provisions set forth in NASDAQ Rule 5620(c), which requires each issuer (other than
limited partnerships) to provide for a quorum in its by-laws for any meeting of the holders of common stock, which shall
in no case be less than 33.33% of the outstanding shares of the issuer’s common voting stock. The Company’s
Constitution requires that only 3 members be present, in person or by proxy, at a shareholder meeting to constitute a
quorum. This quorum requirement is in accordance with Irish law and generally accepted business practices in Ireland.
• The Company is exempt from provisions set forth in NASDAQ Rule 5635(c) which requires (other than for certain
specified exceptions) shareholder approval prior to the establishment or material amendment of a stock option or
purchase plan or other equity compensation arrangement made or materially amended, pursuant to which stock may
be acquired by officers, Directors, employees or consultants. Irish law does not require shareholder approval with
respect to equity compensation arrangements. Accordingly, the 2019 Consultants and Directors Restricted Share Unit
Plan, the 2013 Employees Restricted Share Unit Plan and the amendments to the Employee Share Option Plan 2008
and Consultants Share Option Plan 2008 were adopted by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval.
• The Company is exempt from provisions set forth in NASDAQ Rule 5605(b)(2), which requires independent Directors
to hold regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent Directors are present. Irish law does not require
independent Directors to hold regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent Directors are present. The
Company holds regularly scheduled meetings which all of the Directors may attend and the Lead Independent Director
may call meetings of the independent Directors and non-employee Directors of the Board, as appropriate, in accordance
with the Lead Independent Director Charter.
Item 11 . Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The principal market risks (i.e. risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices) to which we are
exposed include foreign currency risk and interest rate risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We are subject to a number of foreign currency risks given the global nature of our operations. The principal foreign
currency risks to which the business is subject to includes both foreign currency translation risk and foreign currency transaction
risk.
Although domiciled in Ireland, we report our results in U.S. dollars. As a consequence the results of our non-U.S. based
operations, when translated into U.S. dollars, could be affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the
currencies of those operations.
We are also subject to foreign currency transaction exposures as the currency in which our contracts are priced can be
different from the currencies in which costs relating to those contracts are incurred. Our operations in the United States are not
materially exposed to such currency differences as the majority of revenues and costs are in U.S. dollars. However, outside the
United States the multinational nature of our activities means that contracts may be priced in a single currency, most often U.S.
dollars, or euro, while costs arise in a number of currencies, depending, among other things, on which of our offices provide staff
for the contract and the location of investigator sites. Although many such contracts benefit from some degree of natural hedging
due to the matching of contract revenues and costs in the same currency, where costs are incurred in currencies other than those
in which contracts are priced, fluctuations in the relative value of those currencies could have a material effect on our results of
operations. We regularly review our foreign currency exposures and enter into forward currency contracts to manage our exposure.
We had no open foreign currency contracts at December 31, 2019.
The following significant exchange rates applied during the year:
Euro:USD
Pound Sterling:USD
Average Rate
Closing Rate
2019
1.1183
1.2735
2018
1.1846
1.3401
2019
1.1213
1.3257
2018
1.1467
1.2754
77
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk in respect of our cash and cash equivalents and available for sale investments. Our
treasury function actively manages our available cash resources and invests significant cash balances to ensure optimum returns
for the Company. Financial instruments are classified either as cash and cash equivalents or available for sale investments depending
upon the maturity of the related investment. Funds may be invested in the form of floating rate notes and medium term minimum
“A-” rated corporate securities. We may be subject to interest rate risk in respect of interest rate changes on amounts invested.
Interest rate risk is managed by monitoring the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio on an ongoing basis having
regard to current market interest rates and future trends.
In December 2015 we issued $350 million in the private placement market. The rate on these senior notes is fixed at
3.64% for the five year term. The effective interest rate is reduced by the impact of an interest rate cash flow hedge which was
entered into in advance of the rate fixing date. This cash flow hedge was deemed to be fully effective in accordance with ASC 815
'Derivatives and Hedging'. The realized gain related to this derivative is recorded within other comprehensive income and is amortized
over the life of the Senior Notes. The effective rate on our 5 year Senior Notes is fixed at 3.37%.
The senior notes are due for repayment in December 2020. We regularly evaluate our debt arrangements, as well as
market conditions, and during the year we will explore the opportunity to modify our existing arrangements or pursue additional
financing arrangements that may result in the issuance of new debt securities by us or our affiliates.
The sensitivity analysis below represents the hypothetical change in the net interest payable of a 1% movement in market
interest rates.
Interest income
Interest expense
Interest for the
year ended
December 31,
2019
(in thousands)
$6,859
($13,276)
($6,417)
Interest
Change 1%
increase in
market interest
rate
(in thousands)
$11,165
($13,276*)
($2,111)
Interest
Change 1%
decrease in
market interest
rate
(in thousands)
$2,537
($13,276*)
($10,739)
*No variable debt drawn down during year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 12 . Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities.
Not applicable.
Part II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.
None.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures.
A. Disclosure controls and procedures
An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including
the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures
as at December 31, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls
and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in
Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
B. Management's Annual Report on Internal Accounting Control over Financial Reporting
Reference is made to page 84 of this Form 20-F.
78
C. Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Reference is made to page 85 of this Form 20-F.
D. Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this Form 20-F that
have materially effected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 16. Reserved.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Mr. Rónán Murphy acts as the Audit Committee financial expert serving on our Audit Committee and Board of Directors.
The Board has determined that Mr. Murphy is independent.
Item 16B. Code of Ethical Conduct
Our Global Code of Ethical Conduct applies to all ICON employees. There are no waivers from the provisions of the Code
of Ethical Conduct that are required to be disclosed. This Code of Ethical Conduct is available on our website at: https://
investor.iconplc.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents .
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Our principal accountants for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were KPMG.
The table below summarizes the fees for professional services rendered by KPMG for the audit of our annual financial statements
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and fees billed for other services rendered by KPMG.
Audit fees (1)
Audit related fees (2)
Tax fees (3)
Total
12 month period ended
December 31, 2019
(in thousands)
12 month period ended
December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
$1,478
$384
$855
54%
14%
32%
$1,661
$40
$642
71%
2%
27%
$2,717
100%
$2,343
100%
(1) Audit fees include annual audit fees for the Company and its subsidiaries.
(2) Audit related fees principally consist of fees for financial due diligence services, fees for audit of the financial statements, fees
for the audit of employee benefit plans and fees for pension reviews. The high level of audit related fees in 2019 compared to 2018
relates to additional financial due diligence services ($0.3 million) provided in 2019 in connection with the acquisitions completed
during 2019.
(3) Tax fees are fees for tax compliance and tax consultation services.
The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided to the Company by its auditors.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
79
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of a
Publicly
Announced
Plan
Total Price
Paid for Shares
Purchased as
Part of a
Publicly
Announced
Plan
Maximum
Approximate
Value of Shares
that may yet be
purchased
under
the Publicly
Announced Plan
January 1/1 /19– 1/31/19
April 4/1/19 – 4/30/19
May 5/1/19 – 5/31/19
August 8/1/19 – 8/31/19
September 9/1/19 – 9/30/19
200,253
58,630
237,352
6,495
497,270
1,000,000
(in thousands, except per share data)
$124.84
$129.91
$136.86
$152.00
$151.80
$141.57
200,253
58,630
237,352
6,495
497,270
1,000,000
$25,000
$7,617
$32,483
$987
$75,486
$141,573
$125,000
$117,383
$84,900
$83,913
$8,427
$8,427
On January 8, 2019, the Company commenced a share buyback program of up to 1.0 million shares which was completed
during the year ended December 31, 2019. These shares were redeemed by the Company for a total consideration of $141.6
million.
October 10/1/19 – 10/31/19
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid
per Share
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Total Price
Paid for Shares
Purchased
(in thousands, except per share data)
35,100
35,100
$152.66
$152.65
35,100
35,100
$5,358
$5,358
All ordinary shares that were redeemed under the buyback programs were canceled in accordance with the Constitution
of the Company and the nominal value of these shares transferred to other undenominated capital as required under Irish Company
law.
On January 14, 2020, the Company announced the intention to buyback up to 1.0 million shares during 2020 depending
on cash commitments. All ordinary shares that are redeemed under the buyback program will be canceled in accordance with the
constitutional documents of the Company and the nominal value of these shares transferred to an undenomnated capital fund as
required under Irish Company law.
80
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of a
Publicly
Announced
Plan
Total Price
Paid for Shares
Purchased as
Part of a
Publicly
Announced
Plan
Maximum
Approximate
Value of Shares
that may yet be
purchased
under
the Publicly
Announced
Plan
(in thousands, except per share data)
October 10/1/16– 10/31/16
November 11/1/16 – 11/30/16
December 12/1/16 – 12/31/16
January 1/1 /17– 1/31/17
February 2/1/17 – 2/28/17
March 3/1/17 – 3/31/17
April 4/1/17 – 4/30/17
May 5/1/17 – 5/31/17
June 6/1/17 – 6/30/17
July 7/1/17 – 7/31/17
August 8/1/17 – 8/31/17
September 9/1/17 – 9/30/17
October 10/1/17 – 10/31/17
November 11/1/17 – 11/30/17
December 12/1/17 – 12/31/17
January 1/1/18– 1/31/18
February 2/1/18 – 2/28/18
March 3/1/18 – 3/31/18
April 4/1/18 – 4/30/18
May 5/1/18 – 5/31/18
June 6/1/18 – 6/30/18
July 7/1/18 – 7/31/18
August 8/1/18 – 8/31/18
September 9/1/18 – 9/30/18
October 10/1/18 – 10/31/18
November 11/1/18 – 11/30/18
December 12/1/18 – 12/31/18
474,118
756,001
199,068
152,601
—
1,121,907
93,628
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,376
218,715
—
196,591
148,521
—
—
118,943
21,088
—
—
357,303
165,716
—
4,026,576
$77.63
$76.77
$76.13
$77.96
—
$79.08
$79.92
—
—
—
—
—
—
$114.49
$113.06
—
$108.20
$114.04
—
—
$134.22
$132.20
—
—
$139.94
$132.76
—
$92.40
474,118
756,001
199,068
152,601
—
1,121,907
93,628
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,376
218,715
—
196,591
148,521
—
—
118,943
21,088
—
—
357,303
165,716
—
4,026,576
$36,804
$58,039
$15,157
$11,897
—
$88,726
$7,483
—
—
—
—
—
—
$272
$24,728
—
$21,271
$16,937
—
—
$15,964
$2,788
—
—
$50,000
$22,000
—
$372,066
$363,196
$305,157
$290,000
$278,103
$278,103
$189,377
$181,894
$181,894
$181,894
$181,894
$181,894
$181,894
$181,894
$181,622
$156,894
$156,894
$135,623
$118,686
$118,686
$118,686
$102,722
$99,934
$99,934
$99,934
$49,934
$27,934
$27,934
$27,934
On October 3, 2016 the Company commenced a previously announced share buyback program of up to $400 million. At
December 31, 2018 a total of 4,026,576 shares were redeemed by the Company under this buyback program for a total consideration
of $372.1 million. All ordinary shares that were redeemed under the buyback program were canceled in accordance with the
Constitution of the Company and the nominal value of these shares transferred to other undenominated capital as required under
Irish Company law.
Under the repurchase programs, a broker purchased the Company's shares from time to time on the open market or in
privately negotiated transactions in accordance with agreed terms and limitations. The programs are designed to allow share
repurchases during periods when the Company would ordinarily not be permitted to do so because it may be in possession of
material non-public or price-sensitive information, applicable insider trading laws or self-imposed trading blackout periods. The
Company's instructions to the broker were irrevocable and the trading decisions in respect of the repurchase programs were made
independently of and uninfluenced by the Company. The Company confirms that on entering the share repurchase plans it had no
material non-public, price-sensitive or inside information regarding the Company or its securities. Furthermore, the Company will
not enter into additional plans whilst in possession of such information. The timing and actual number of shares acquired by way
of the redemption will be dependent on market conditions, legal and regulatory requirements and the other terms and limitations
contained in the programs. In addition, acquisitions under the programs may be suspended or discontinued in certain circumstances
in accordance with the agreed terms. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to the timing or number of shares that may be
acquired under the programs.
81
Item 16F. Changes in Registrant's Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
See Item 10 "Exemptions from Corporate Governance Listing Requirements under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules".
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable.
Part III
Item 17. Financial Statements.
See item 18.
Item 18. Financial Statements.
Reference is made to pages 84 to 139 of this Form 20-F.
Item 19. Exhibits.
Consolidated Financial Statements of ICON plc and subsidiaries
Exhibits of ICON plc and subsidiaries
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31,
2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and
December 31, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019,
December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31,
2017
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
82
Exhibits of ICON plc and subsidiaries
Exhibit
Number
Title
2.1*
3.1
12.1*
12.2*
21.1
23.1*
Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
Description of the Constitution of the Company (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to the Form 6K
(File No. 333-08704) filed on July 25, 2016).
Section 302 certifications.
Section 906 certifications.
List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Item 4 of Form 20-F filed herewith).
Consent of KPMG, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
101.1*
Interactive Data Files (XBRL – Related Documents)
* Filed herewith
83
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules
13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company's
executive and financial officers and effected by the Company's board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of
records that, in reasonable detail, fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorization of management and Directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of the inherent limitation due to, for example, the potential for human error or circumvention of control, internal control
over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In
making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework 2013. Based upon the assessment performed, we determined that, as of
December 31, 2019 the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective. There have been no changes in the
Company's internal control over financial reporting during 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect
materially, the Group's internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements of ICON plc and
subsidiaries as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, included herein, and has issued an audit report on the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included below.
84
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
ICON plc:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ICON plc and subsidiaries (“the Company”) as of December 31,
2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive
income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively,
the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for
each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal
Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and
our report dated February 27, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for revenue recognition as
of January 1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether
due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits
also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements
that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that
are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgment.
The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken
as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit
matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of progress towards completion and realizable contract value related to revenue recognition for clinical trial
service contracts
As described in Note 2(c) to the consolidated financial statements, clinical trial service revenue is recognized over time,
using an input measure, being total project costs (inclusive of third party costs). The Company recognized revenue of US
$2,805.8 million for the year ended 31 December 2019 (2018: US$2,595.8 million). A significant portion of this revenue
relates to clinical trial service revenue. Clinical trial service revenue is recognized using project costs incurred to date
relative to total estimated costs to complete to measure progress towards satisfying the Company’s performance obligation.
Contracts generally contain provisions for renegotiation in the event of changes in the scope, nature, duration or volume
of services of the contract. Renegotiated amounts are recognized as revenue by revision to the total contract value arising
as a result of the change order. Furthermore, the transaction price is determined by adjusting the contract or change order
value to reflect a realizable contract value.
We identified the evaluation of progress towards completion and realizable contract value related to revenue recognition
for clinical trial services contracts as a critical audit matter. Complex and subjective auditor judgment was required to
85
evaluate the Company’s estimate regarding the direct costs and costs that will be incurred by third parties to complete the
contracts, based on historical experience and estimated realizable contract values on clinical trial service contracts.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following:
We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s revenue recognition for the clinical trial service contracts process.
These included controls over the development of the estimated direct costs and costs that will be incurred by third parties
to complete the contracts and estimated realizable contract values.
We tested the estimated costs to complete and the realizable contract values for a sample of clinical trial service contracts,
by evaluating:
•
•
•
Actual direct costs incurred, both during the year and life-to-date, to assess the consistency with the estimated direct
costs for that time period. We compared actual direct costs incurred to source timesheet data and hourly rates to
underlying contractual terms;
Third-party costs incurred, to assess the consistency with the estimated third-party costs for that time period. We
compared third-party costs incurred to invoices received;
Findings from interviews with operational personnel of the Company to evaluate progress to date, the estimate of
remaining costs to be incurred and factors impacting the amount of time and cost to complete the sampled contracts,
including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed;
• Correspondence, if any, between the Company and the customer for the sampled contracts as part of our evaluation
of contract progress;
• Changes to estimated costs, including the amount and timing of the changes; and
•
The basis for the realizable contract value assumptions and challenging these assumptions. We confirmed contract
terms with customers and assessed the realizable contract values by comparing the assumptions to underlying records,
including final contract invoices received.
We also evaluated the Company’s ability to accurately estimate costs to complete and realizable contract values, by
comparing historical estimates developed at contract inception to actual results for a sample of contracts.
(signed) KPMG
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1990.
Dublin, Ireland
February 27, 2020
86
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
ICON plc:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited ICON plc and subsidiaries’ (“the Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,
based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated
statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”),
and our report dated February 27, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect
to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial
reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of
internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary
in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets
of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that
could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes
in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
(signed) KPMG
Dublin, Ireland
February 27, 2020
87
$
$
$
ICON plc
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Available for sale investments (Note 3a)
Accounts receivable, net (Note 17)
Unbilled revenue (Note 17)
Other receivables
Prepayments and other current assets
Income taxes receivable (Note 13)
Total current assets
Other Assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 6)
Goodwill (Note 4)
Operating right-of-use assets (Note 22)
Other non-current assets
Non-current income taxes receivable (Note 13)
Non-current deferred tax asset (Note 13)
Investments in equity-long term (Note 3b)
Intangible assets (Note 5)
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable
Unearned revenue (Note 17)
Other liabilities (Note 7)
Income taxes payable (Note 13)
Current bank credit lines and loan facilities (Note 23)
Total current liabilities
Other Liabilities:
Non-current bank credit lines and loan facilities (Note 23)
Non-current operating lease liabilities (Note 22)
Non-current other liabilities (Note 8)
Non-current government grants (Note 11)
Non-current income taxes payable (Note 13)
Non-current deferred tax liability (Note 13)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Total Liabilities
Shareholders' Equity:
Ordinary shares, par value 6 euro cents per share;
100,000,000 shares authorized, (Note 12)
53,622,206 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and
53,971,706 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018.
Additional paid-in capital
Other undenominated capital (Note 12 (a))
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 21)
Retained earnings
Total Shareholders’ Equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
Total Shareholders' Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest $
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
520,309 $
49,628
527,708
422,769
39,290
41,517
23,759
1,624,980
165,087
883,170
104,977
17,439
17,230
16,682
10,053
67,894
2,907,512 $
24,050 $
366,988
378,543
12,031
349,640
1,131,252
—
76,593
17,512
813
14,301
9,476
—
1,249,947
4,635
577,961
1,052
(75,819)
1,110,226
1,618,055
39,510
1,657,565
2,907,512 $
395,851
59,910
414,791
362,926
40,459
36,801
19,445
1,330,183
158,669
756,260
—
14,525
20,023
13,577
6,963
54,055
2,354,255
13,288
274,468
317,143
5,724
—
610,623
349,264
—
13,446
877
17,551
8,213
—
999,974
4,658
529,642
983
(69,328)
888,326
1,354,281
—
1,354,281
2,354,255
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
88
ICON plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue:
Gross revenue
Reimbursable expenses
Costs and expenses:
Direct costs
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Restructuring (Note 14)
Total costs and expenses
Income from operations
Interest income
Interest expense
Income before income taxes expense
Income tax expense (Note 13)
Net Income
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
Net income attributable to the Group
Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group (Note 26):
Basic
Diluted
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
2018
2017
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
$
2,805,839 $
2,595,777 $
2,402,321
—
—
2,805,839
2,595,777
(643,882)
1,758,439
1,974,135
336,748
61,550
—
1,818,220
325,794
65,916
12,490
1,027,310
323,741
61,297
7,753
2,372,433
2,222,420
1,420,101
433,406
6,859
(13,276)
426,989
(51,133)
375,856
(1,870)
373,357
4,759
(13,502)
364,614
(41,958)
322,656
—
338,338
2,346
(12,627)
328,057
(46,569)
281,488
—
373,986 $
322,656 $
281,488
6.85 $
6.79 $
5.96 $
5.89 $
5.20
5.13
$
$
$
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding:
Basic (Note 2 (v))
Diluted (Note 2 (v))
53,859,537
54,333,461
54,118,764
54,790,663
54,129,439
54,849,046
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
89
ICON plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Currency translation adjustment
Currency impact of long-term funding
Unrealized capital gain/(loss) – investments
Actuarial (loss)/gain on defined benefit pension plan
Amortization of interest rate hedge
Fair value of cash flow hedge
Total comprehensive income
Less comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest
Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
2019
2017
$
375,856 $
322,656 $
281,488
(1,313)
(2,710)
681
(2,226)
(923)
—
(26,522)
(4,834)
(155)
2,855
(923)
(1,036)
33,966
13,730
(272)
50
(923)
1,036
369,365
(1,870)
292,041
329,075
—
—
Total comprehensive income attributable to the Group
$
367,495 $
292,041 $
329,075
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
90
8
8
4
1
8
2
,
—
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
I
l
e
b
a
m
e
e
d
e
R
g
n
i
l
l
o
r
t
n
o
c
n
o
N
l
a
t
o
T
i
d
e
n
a
t
e
R
i
s
g
n
n
r
a
E
r
e
h
t
O
l
d
e
t
a
u
m
u
c
c
A
e
m
o
c
n
I
e
v
i
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
r
e
h
t
O
l
a
t
i
p
a
C
i
d
e
t
a
n
m
o
n
e
d
n
U
n
i
-
d
i
a
P
l
a
t
i
p
a
C
l
a
n
o
i
t
i
d
d
A
t
n
u
o
m
A
s
e
r
a
h
S
p
u
o
r
G
)
a
t
a
d
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
d
n
a
e
r
a
h
s
t
p
e
c
x
e
,
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
n
i
(
E
M
O
C
N
I
I
E
V
S
N
E
H
E
R
P
M
O
C
D
N
A
Y
T
U
Q
E
I
c
l
p
N
O
C
I
'
S
R
E
D
L
O
H
E
R
A
H
S
F
O
S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S
D
E
T
A
D
L
O
S
N
O
C
I
$
4
7
1
5
4
9
,
$
7
4
8
7
8
5
,
$
)
0
0
3
6
8
(
,
$
9
0
8
$
6
2
1
,
8
3
4
$
2
9
6
,
4
$
3
4
8
,
0
3
5
,
4
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
)
6
6
(
)
6
6
(
)
0
6
9
,
8
2
1
(
)
0
6
9
,
8
2
1
(
$
1
8
2
,
4
5
3
1
,
$
6
2
3
8
8
8
,
$
)
8
2
3
9
6
(
,
$
3
8
9
$
2
4
6
,
9
2
5
$
8
5
6
,
4
$
6
0
7
,
1
7
9
,
3
5
6
6
9
3
3
,
0
3
7
3
1
,
8
8
4
1
8
2
,
0
5
)
2
7
2
(
)
3
2
9
(
6
3
0
1
,
)
5
1
(
6
0
9
3
1
,
5
7
0
9
2
3
,
4
4
1
5
3
9
2
,
)
4
3
8
,
4
(
)
2
2
5
,
6
2
(
6
5
6
2
2
3
,
)
5
5
1
(
5
5
8
2
,
)
3
2
9
(
)
6
3
0
,
1
(
6
0
8
6
1
,
1
4
0
2
9
2
,
6
3
)
6
1
(
4
4
5
1
3
,
,
6
9
8
2
4
1
1
,
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
)
6
0
1
(
)
6
0
1
(
)
6
0
1
,
3
3
1
(
)
6
0
1
,
3
3
1
(
7
7
6
6
,
7
7
6
6
,
)
4
0
1
8
4
(
,
)
4
0
1
8
4
(
,
—
6
5
6
2
2
3
,
—
6
9
6
,
4
9
6
)
3
1
7
,
8
3
(
0
5
)
2
7
2
(
)
3
2
9
(
6
3
0
1
,
6
6
9
3
3
,
0
3
7
3
1
,
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
)
4
3
8
,
4
(
)
2
2
5
,
6
2
(
)
5
5
1
(
5
5
8
2
,
)
3
2
9
(
)
6
3
0
,
1
(
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
0
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
7
8
,
3
1
)
5
1
(
1
5
3
,
9
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
3
4
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3
4
2
,
8
5
4
2
4
7
,
1
8
6
—
—
—
—
)
3
0
1
(
)
7
2
2
,
9
8
5
,
1
(
—
2
1
9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
7
—
—
—
—
7
3
3
,
1
8
4
4
6
6
,
4
1
0
6
,
1
8
0
,
4
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
)
6
1
(
—
—
7
7
7
,
6
1
—
4
4
5
,
1
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
2
6
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
9
6
,
8
0
4
8
6
5
,
9
8
4
)
1
7
(
—
—
)
2
6
1
,
8
0
0
,
1
(
n
a
p
l
i
n
o
s
n
e
p
t
i
f
e
n
e
b
d
e
n
i
f
e
d
n
o
s
s
o
l
l
a
i
r
a
u
t
c
A
e
g
d
e
h
e
t
a
r
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
f
o
n
o
i
t
a
z
i
t
r
o
m
A
i
g
n
d
n
u
f
m
r
e
t
-
g
n
o
l
f
o
t
c
a
p
m
i
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
s
t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n
i
-
s
s
o
l
l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
z
i
l
a
e
r
n
U
e
g
d
e
h
w
o
l
f
h
s
a
c
f
o
e
u
a
v
l
r
i
a
F
e
m
o
c
n
i
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
l
a
t
o
T
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
e
r
a
h
s
f
o
i
e
s
c
r
e
x
E
s
t
i
n
u
e
r
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
/
s
t
i
n
u
e
r
a
h
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
u
s
s
I
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
d
e
s
a
b
e
r
a
h
S
U
S
A
f
o
n
o
i
t
p
o
d
a
m
o
r
f
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
t
c
e
f
f
e
l
e
v
i
t
a
u
m
u
C
9
0
-
6
1
0
2
s
e
r
a
h
s
y
r
a
n
d
r
o
i
f
o
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
R
s
t
s
o
c
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
r
e
r
a
h
S
9(cid:20)
s
t
s
o
c
e
u
s
s
i
e
r
a
h
S
6
1
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
:
e
m
o
c
n
I
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
n
o
l
i
t
a
s
n
a
r
t
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
C
S
A
f
o
n
o
i
t
p
o
d
a
m
o
r
f
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
t
c
e
f
f
e
l
e
v
i
t
a
u
m
u
C
6
0
6
e
r
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
/
s
t
i
n
u
e
r
a
h
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
u
s
s
I
s
t
i
n
u
n
a
p
l
i
n
o
s
n
e
p
t
i
f
e
n
e
b
d
e
n
i
f
e
d
n
o
i
n
a
g
l
a
i
r
a
u
t
c
A
e
g
d
e
h
e
t
a
r
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
f
o
n
o
i
t
a
z
i
t
r
o
m
A
e
g
d
e
h
w
o
l
f
h
s
a
c
f
o
e
u
a
v
l
r
i
a
F
e
m
o
c
n
i
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
l
a
t
o
T
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
e
r
a
h
s
f
o
i
e
s
c
r
e
x
E
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
d
e
s
a
b
e
r
a
h
S
s
e
r
a
h
s
y
r
a
n
d
r
o
i
f
o
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
R
s
t
s
o
c
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
r
e
r
a
h
S
8
1
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
s
t
s
o
c
e
u
s
s
i
e
r
a
h
S
i
g
n
d
n
u
f
m
r
e
t
-
g
n
o
l
f
o
t
c
a
p
m
i
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
s
t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n
i
-
s
s
o
l
l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
z
i
l
a
e
r
n
U
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
n
o
l
i
t
a
s
n
a
r
t
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
8
1
0
2
,
1
y
r
a
u
n
a
J
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
:
e
m
o
c
n
I
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
$
0
0
0
,
1
9
1
1
,
$
0
0
8
2
4
7
,
$
)
3
1
7
8
3
(
,
$
2
1
9
$
7
3
3
,
1
8
4
$
4
6
6
,
4
$
1
0
6
,
1
8
0
,
4
5
7
1
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
p
u
o
r
G
)
a
t
a
d
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
d
n
a
e
r
a
h
s
t
p
e
c
x
e
,
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
n
i
(
E
M
O
C
N
I
I
E
V
S
N
E
H
E
R
P
M
O
C
D
N
A
Y
T
U
Q
E
I
c
l
p
N
O
C
I
'
S
R
E
D
L
O
H
E
R
A
H
S
F
O
S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S
D
E
T
A
D
L
O
S
N
O
C
I
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
I
l
e
b
a
m
e
e
d
e
R
g
n
i
l
l
o
r
t
n
o
c
n
o
N
l
a
t
o
T
i
d
e
n
a
t
e
R
i
s
g
n
n
r
a
E
r
e
h
t
O
l
d
e
t
a
u
m
u
c
c
A
e
m
o
c
n
I
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
r
e
h
t
O
l
a
t
i
p
a
C
i
d
e
t
a
n
m
o
n
e
d
n
U
n
i
-
d
i
a
P
l
a
t
i
p
a
C
l
a
n
o
i
t
i
d
d
A
t
n
u
o
m
A
s
e
r
a
h
S
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
9
5
2
3
,
8
4
0
5
,
0
1
5
,
9
3
—
0
7
8
1
,
$
,
1
8
2
4
5
3
1
,
$
6
2
3
8
8
8
,
$
)
8
2
3
9
6
(
,
$
3
8
9
$
2
4
6
,
9
2
5
$
8
5
6
,
4
$
6
0
7
,
1
7
9
,
3
5
6
8
9
3
7
3
,
6
8
9
3
7
3
,
—
1
8
6
)
3
1
3
,
1
(
)
0
1
7
,
2
(
)
3
2
9
(
)
6
2
2
2
(
,
1
2
6
1
2
,
5
9
4
7
6
3
,
4
2
)
3
1
(
3
3
7
6
2
,
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
)
7
0
1
(
—
)
7
0
1
(
)
1
3
9
,
6
4
1
(
)
1
3
9
,
6
4
1
(
)
8
4
0
5
(
,
)
8
4
0
5
(
,
1
8
6
)
3
1
3
,
1
(
)
0
1
7
,
2
(
)
3
2
9
(
)
6
2
2
2
(
,
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
9
5
,
1
2
—
)
3
1
(
3
3
7
,
6
2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
2
4
2
—
—
)
9
6
(
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
7
8
,
9
2
3
0
3
7
,
5
5
3
)
0
0
1
,
5
3
0
,
1
(
e
r
a
h
s
e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
p
/
s
t
i
n
u
e
r
a
h
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
u
s
s
I
s
t
i
n
u
n
a
p
l
i
n
o
s
n
e
p
t
i
f
e
n
e
b
d
e
n
i
f
e
d
n
o
s
s
o
l
l
a
i
r
a
u
t
c
A
e
g
d
e
h
e
t
a
r
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
f
o
n
o
i
t
a
z
i
t
r
o
m
A
e
m
o
c
n
i
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
l
a
t
o
T
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
e
r
a
h
s
f
o
i
e
s
c
r
e
x
E
9(cid:21)
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
d
e
s
a
b
e
r
a
h
S
s
e
r
a
h
s
y
r
a
n
d
r
o
i
f
o
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
R
s
t
s
o
c
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
p
e
r
e
r
a
h
S
s
t
s
o
c
e
u
s
s
i
e
r
a
h
S
i
g
n
d
n
u
f
m
r
e
t
-
g
n
o
l
f
o
t
c
a
p
m
i
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
n
o
l
i
t
a
s
n
a
r
t
y
c
n
e
r
r
u
C
8
1
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
:
e
m
o
c
n
i
i
e
v
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
s
t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n
i
-
i
n
a
g
l
a
t
i
p
a
c
d
e
z
i
l
a
e
r
n
U
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
g
n
i
l
l
o
r
t
n
o
c
n
o
n
l
e
b
a
m
e
e
d
e
r
f
o
n
o
i
i
t
i
s
u
q
c
A
n
o
i
t
p
m
e
d
e
r
o
t
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
d
a
j
t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
g
n
i
l
l
o
r
t
n
o
c
n
o
N
t
n
u
o
m
a
.
s
t
n
e
m
e
a
t
s
t
l
i
a
c
n
a
n
i
f
d
e
t
a
d
i
l
o
s
n
o
c
e
s
e
h
t
f
o
t
r
a
p
l
a
r
g
e
t
n
i
n
a
e
r
a
s
e
t
o
n
i
g
n
y
n
a
p
m
o
c
c
a
e
h
T
5
5
0
,
8
1
6
1
,
,
6
2
2
0
1
1
1
,
)
9
1
8
,
5
7
(
2
5
0
,
1
1
6
9
,
7
7
5
5
3
6
,
4
6
0
2
,
2
2
6
,
3
5
9
1
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
ICON plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation expense
Reduction in carrying value of operating right-of-use assets
Amortization of intangibles
Amortization of government grants
Interest on short term investments
Realized gain on sale of short term investments
Interest on operating lease liability
Loss/(gain) on re-measurement of financial assets
Amortization of gain on interest rate hedge
Amortization of financing costs
Stock compensation expense
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase)/decrease in accounts receivable
Increase in unbilled revenue
Decrease in other receivables
(Increase)/decrease in prepayments and other current assets
(Increase)/decrease in other non-current assets
Increase/(decrease) in unearned revenue
Increase in other current liabilities
Decrease in operating lease liabilities
Increase/(decrease) in other non-current liabilities
Increase/(decrease) in income taxes payable
Increase/(decrease) in accounts payable
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of subsidiary undertakings
Cash acquired with subsidiary undertaking
Sale of available for sale investments
Purchase of available for sale investments
Purchase of investments in equity - long term
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Financing costs
Proceeds from the exercise of equity compensation
Share issue costs
Repurchase of ordinary shares
Share repurchase costs
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate movements on cash
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
Year Ended
December 31,
2017
$
375,856 $
322,656 $
281,488
346
45,603
30,372
15,947
(44)
(1,065)
(55)
2,626
800
(923)
540
26,819
(1,537)
(101,545)
(55,790)
2,513
(3,583)
(2,912)
86,567
19,864
(33,437)
1,405
734
3,440
412,541
(50,645)
(131,272)
11,697
21,686
(9,603)
(3,890)
(162,027)
70
50,565
—
15,351
(47)
(1,329)
(56)
—
(800)
(923)
812
31,594
1,652
(37,557)
(98,510)
3,107
(3,237)
856
(6,253)
2,009
—
(1,034)
(5,220)
(5,067)
268,639
(48,397)
(1,645)
—
99,865
(80,956)
(6,163)
(37,296)
—
21,645
(13)
(146,931)
(107)
(125,406)
(650)
124,458
395,851
520,309 $
(823)
16,842
(16)
(128,960)
(66)
(113,023)
(5,328)
112,992
282,859
395,851 $
$
228
43,436
—
17,861
(44)
(1,088)
(112)
—
—
(923)
556
30,573
10,729
57,747
(62,491)
1,771
4,359
(1,524)
(7,174)
6,679
—
(3,710)
(2,293)
7,014
383,082
(44,717)
(144,131)
19,649
33,086
(41,701)
—
(177,814)
—
13,950
(15)
(133,106)
(106)
(119,277)
4,327
90,318
192,541
282,859
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statement
93
ICON plc
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description of business
ICON plc and its subsidiaries ("the Company" or "ICON") is a clinical research organization ("CRO"), providing outsourced
development services on a global basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries. We specialize in the
strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support all stages of the clinical development process from
compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. Our vision is to be the Global CRO partner of choice in drug development by
delivering best in class information, solutions and performance in clinical and outcomes research.
We believe that we are one of a select group of CROs with the expertise and capability to conduct clinical trials in most
major therapeutic areas on a global basis and have the operational flexibility to provide development services on a stand-alone
basis or as part of an integrated "full service" solution. At December 31, 2019 we had approximately 14,650 employees, in 97
locations in 40 countries. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we derived approximately 31.8%, 58.5% and 9.7% of our
revenue in the United States, Europe and Rest of World, respectively.
We began operations in 1990 and have expanded our business predominately through internal growth, together with a
number of strategic acquisitions to enhance our capabilities and expertise in certain areas of the clinical development process. We
are incorporated in Ireland and our principal executive office is located at: South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Dublin 18,
Republic of Ireland. The contact telephone number of this office is +353 1 2912000.
2. Significant accounting policies
The accounting policies noted below were applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements of the
Company and are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
(a) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany profits, transactions and account balances have been eliminated. The results of subsidiary undertakings
acquired in the period are included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations from the date of acquisition.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The principal management estimates and judgments
used in preparing the financial statements relate to revenue recognition and taxation.
(c) Revenue recognition
The Company primarily earns revenues by providing a number of different services to its customers. These services, which
are integral elements of the clinical development process, include clinical trials management, consulting, contract staffing, and
laboratory services. Contracts range in duration from a number of months to several years.
ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)
ICON adopted ASC 606 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' (ASC 606) standard using the cumulative effect transition
method for the first time in the year ended December 31, 2018. Under this transition method, ICON applied the new standard as
at the date of initial application (i.e. January 1, 2018), without restatement of comparative amounts. The cumulative effect of initially
applying the new standard (to revenue, costs and tax) was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at the date
of initial application. The comparative information, for the year ended December 31, 2017 is not adjusted and therefore continues
to be reported under ASC 605 ‘Revenue Recognition’ (ASC 605) and therefore in accordance with previous accounting policies.
The new standard requires application of five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance
obligation in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in
the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies the performance obligation.
94
Clinical trial service revenue
The most significant impact of application of the standard relates to our assessment of performance and percentage of
completion in respect of our clinical trial service revenue. Prior to application of ASC 606, the revenue attributable to performance
was determined based on both input and output methods of measurement on a percentage of completion basis. We have concluded
that under the new standard, a clinical trial service is a single performance obligation satisfied over time i.e. the full service obligation
in respect of a clinical trial (including those services performed by investigators and other parties) is considered a single performance
obligation. Promises offered to the customer are not distinct within the context of the contract. We have concluded that ICON is the
contract principal in respect of both direct services and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support the
clinical research project. The transaction price is determined by reference to the contract or change order value (total service
revenue and pass-through/ reimbursable expenses) adjusted to reflect a realizable contract value. Revenue is recognized as the
single performance obligation is satisfied. The progress towards completion for clinical service contracts is measured based on an
input measure being total project costs incurred (inclusive of third party costs) at each reporting period as a percentage of total
forecast project costs.
Contracting services revenue
On evaluation of the principles at (1) - (5) set-out above in respect of ASC 606, the Company has availed of the practical
expedient which results in recognition of revenue on a right to invoice basis. Application of the practical expedient reflects the right
to consideration from the customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the performance
completion to date. This reflects hours performed by contract staff.
Consulting services revenue
On application of the ASC 606 principles at (1) - (5) set-out above, we have concluded that our consulting services contracts
represent a single performance obligation satisfied over time. The transaction price is determined by reference to contract or change
order value. Revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied. The progress towards completion for consulting
contracts is measured based on total project inputs (time) at each reporting period.
Laboratory services revenue
Revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of
the products or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue for laboratory services is measured as the amount of consideration
we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products or services. Where contracts with customers contain multiple performance
obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative selling price of the
promised good or service. Service revenue is recognized over time as the services are delivered to the customer based on the
extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The determination of the methodology to measure progress
requires judgment and is based on the nature of services provided. This requires an assessment of the transfer of value to the
customer. The right to invoice measure of progress is generally related to rate per unit contracts, as the extent of progress towards
completion is measured based on discrete service or time-based increments, such as samples tested or labor hours incurred.
Revenue is recorded in the amount invoiced since that amounts corresponds to the value of the Company's performance and the
transfer of value to the customer.
Commissions
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract were also considered on adoption of ASC 606. Commission costs of $12
million were recognized as an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on application of ASC 606 in respect of those contracts
that exceed one year. Where commission costs relate to contracts that are less than one year, the practical expedient is applied
as the amortization period of the asset which would arise on deferral would be one year or less.
ASC 605 - Revenue recognition (year ended December 31, 2017)
Revenue for services, as rendered, is recognized only after persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price
is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.
Clinical trials management revenue is recognized on a proportional performance method. Depending on the contractual
terms revenue is either recognized on the percentage of completion method based on the relationship between hours incurred and
the total estimated hours of the trial or on the unit of delivery method. Contract costs equate to the product of labor hours incurred
and compensation rates. For the percentage of completion method, the input (effort expended) method has been used to measure
progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Contract revenue is the product of the
aggregated labor hours required to complete the specified contract tasks at the agreed contract rates. The Company regularly
reviews the estimate of total contract time to ensure such estimates remain appropriate taking into account actual contract stage
of completion, remaining time to complete and any identified changes to the contract scope. Remaining time to complete depends
on the specific contract tasks, the complexity of the contract and can include geographical site selection and initiation, patient
enrollment, patient testing and level of results analysis required. While the Company may routinely adjust time estimates, the
Company's estimates and assumptions historically have been accurate in all material respects in the aggregate. Where revenue
is recognized on the unit of delivery method, the basis applied is the number of units completed as a percentage of the total number
of contractual units.
Consulting revenue is recognized on a fee-for-service basis as each hour of the related service is performed.
95
Contract staffing revenue is recognized on a fee-for-service basis, over the time the related service is performed.
Laboratory service revenue is recognized on a fee-for-service basis. The Company accounts for laboratory service contracts
as multiple element arrangements, with contractual elements comprising laboratory kits and laboratory testing, each of which can
be sold separately. Sales prices for contractual elements are determined by reference to objective and reliable evidence of their
sales price. Revenues for contractual elements are recognized on the basis of the number of deliverable units completed in the
period.
License and support fee revenues are recognized rateably over the period of the related agreement. Revenue from software
services is recognized using the percentage of completion method based on the relationship between hours incurred and the total
estimated hours required to perform the service.
Contracts generally contain provisions for renegotiation in the event of changes in the scope, nature, duration, or volume
of services of the contract. Renegotiated amounts are recognized as revenue by revision to the total contract value arising as a
result of an authorized customer change order.
(d) Third party costs (Reimbursable expenses)
Reimbursable expenses comprise investigator payments and certain other costs which are reimbursed by clients under
terms specific to each contract to the investigators. Third party costs (reimbursable expenses) and the related revenue were
separately presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations for periods up to and including the year ended
December 31, 2017. See sections (c) and (e) for accounting policy in respect of the treatment of activity relating to reimbursable
expenses on revenue (c) and costs (e) on adoption of ASC 606.
(e) Direct costs
Direct costs consist of compensation, associated employee benefits and share-based payments for project-related
employees and other direct project-related costs.
Reimbursable expenses are presented within direct costs. This presentation is to align the presentation of costs with our
assessment that our clinical trial service is a single performance obligation satisfied over time i.e. the full service obligation is in
respect of a clinical trial (including those services performed by investigators and other parties) is considered a single performance
obligation. Reimbursable expenses are recorded once the activity which forms the basis for the cost has occurred.
Investigator payment costs are recorded and reported reflecting investigator activity over the life of the contract. Investigator
payments are made based on predetermined contractual arrangements. Payments may differ from the recording and reporting of
the expense which is based on activity.
(f) Advertising costs
All costs associated with advertising and promotion are expensed as incurred. The advertising and promotion costs were
$8,088,451, $6,516,637 and $6,744,333 for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017
respectively.
(g) Foreign currencies and translation of subsidiaries
The Company's financial statements are prepared in United States dollars. Transactions in currencies other than the
functional currency of the Company are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company are translated into the functional currency at exchange
rates prevailing at the Balance Sheet date. Adjustments resulting from these translations are charged or credited to income. Amounts
charged or credited to the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018
and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
Amounts charged/(credited)
$
590 $
(3,876) $
7,760
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
2017
96
The financial statements of subsidiaries with other functional currencies are translated at period end rates for the
Consolidated Balance Sheets and average rates for the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Translation gains and losses
arising are reported as a movement on accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses
are reported in other comprehensive income rather than through income where the foreign currency transaction is 'long-term
investment' in nature i.e. settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.
(h) Disclosure of fair value of financial instruments
Cash, cash equivalents, unbilled revenue, other receivables, available for sale investments, prepayments and other current
assets, accounts receivable, accounts payable, investigator payments, payments on account/unearned revenue, accrued liabilities,
accrued bonuses and income taxes payable have carrying amounts that approximate fair value due to the short term maturities of
these instruments. Other liabilities' carrying amounts approximate fair value based on net present value of estimated future cash
flows. Debt is measured at historical cost.
Financial instruments are measured in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value using a fair value hierarchy of valuation
inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are
observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels, which is determined by the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:
Level 1:
Inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2:
Inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar
instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions
are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of
the assets or liabilities.
Level 3:
Inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Group's Senior notes (private placement debt) is carried at $350.0 million (prior to related financing costs). The carrying
value at December 31, 2019, closely approximates fair value.
The Company classifies its investments in short term debt or equity investments as available for sale, as it does not actively
trade such securities nor does it intend to hold them to maturity. The fair value of short term investments are represented by level
1 fair value measurements – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The unrealized movements in fair value are
recognized in equity until disposal or sale, at which time, those unrealized movements from prior periods are recognized in
Consolidated Statement of Operations. Losses other than temporary, which reduce the carrying amount below cost are recognized
in Consolidated Statement of Operations.
(i) Business combinations
The cost of a business combination is measured as the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange of assets
given, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued in exchange for control. Where a business combination
agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the acquisition which is contingent upon future events, the amount of the
estimated adjustment is recognized at the acquisition date at the fair value of the contingent consideration. Any changes to this
estimate outside the measurement period will depend on the classification of the contingent consideration. If the contingent
consideration is classified as equity it shall not be re-measured and the settlement shall be accounted for within equity. If the
contingent consideration is classified as a liability any adjustments will be accounted for through the Consolidated Statement of
Operations or Other Comprehensive Income depending on whether the liability is considered a financial instrument.
The assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of businesses acquired are measured at their fair values at the date of
acquisition. In the case of a business combination which is completed in stages, the fair values of the identifiable assets, liabilities
and contingent liabilities are determined at the date of each exchange transaction. When the initial accounting for a business
combination is determined provisionally, any subsequent adjustments to the provisional values allocated to the identifiable assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities are made within twelve months of the acquisition date and presented as adjustments to goodwill
in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined.
The Company allocates a share of net income to the noncontrolling interest holders based on percentage ownership.
97
ICON acquired a majority ownership interest in MeDiNova. Included in the purchase agreement are put and call option
arrangements with the noncontrolling interest holders that require (put option) or enable (call option) ICON to purchase the remaining
minority ownership at a future date. The option is accounted for as temporary equity, which is presented separately as redeemable
noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. This classification reflects the assessment that the instruments are
contingently redeemable in accordance with ASC 480-10-S99 'Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity'.
Redeemable noncontrolling interests are accreted to their redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to
the first date on which the option is exercisable. The change in the option's redemption value is recorded against retained earnings.
In a computation of earnings per share, the accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to their redemption value is a reduction
of net income attributable to the Group. Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group includes the
adjustment to reflect the accretion of the noncontrolling interest to its redemption value.
(j) Goodwill and Impairment
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired entities over the net amounts assigned to assets acquired and
liabilities assumed. Goodwill primarily comprises acquired workforce in place which does not qualify for recognition as an asset
apart from goodwill. Goodwill is stated net of any provision for impairment. The Company tests goodwill annually for any impairments
or whenever events occur which may indicate impairment. The Company applied the provisions of ASU 2017-04 'Intangibles -
Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the test for goodwill impairment' with effect from January 1, 2018. Under the amendment, the
Company was required to perform its annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying
amount. An impairment charge would be recognized for any amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair
value up to the amount of existing goodwill. The amendment allows an entity to perform a qualitative assessment for a reporting
unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. No impairment was recognized as a result of the impairment
testing carried out for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
(k)
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful life.
(l) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months or less and
are stated at cost, which approximates market value.
(m)
Investments in debt, equity and other
Available for sale investments
The Company classifies short-term investments as available for sale in accordance with the terms of ASC 320 'Investments
- Debt and Equity Securities'. Realized gains and losses are determined using specific identification. The investments are reported
at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity. Any differences between
the cost and fair value of the investments are represented by accrued interest and unrealized gains/losses.
Long term investments
The Company classifies its interests in funds having considered the nature of its investment, the extent of influence over
operating and financial decisions and the availability of readily determinable fair values. The Company determined that the interests
in funds at December 31, 2019 meet the definition of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Effective from
January 1, 2018, the Company concluded that the interests held at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019 qualify for the
NAV practical expedient in ASC 820 'Fair value measurements and disclosures'. Any increases or decreases in fair value are
recognized in net income in the period. These are therefore measured at Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
(n) Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at fair value less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is an estimate
based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions, and a review of the current status of each
customer's trade accounts receivable. Account balances are written-off against the allowance when the Group determines that it
is probable that the receivable will not be recovered.
Where the Company enters into an agreement to sell certain portfolios of its accounts receivable balances, the sale is
accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 860 'Transfers and Servicing' (ASC 860). Agreements which result in true sales of the
transferred receivables, as defined in ASC 860, which occur when receivables are transferred without recourse to ICON, are excluded
from amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Cash proceeds received from such sales are included in operating cash
flows. The associated finance costs are presented as interest expense.
98
(o) Inventory
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value and after provisions for obsolescence. The cost of inventories
comprises the purchase price and attributable costs, less trade discounts. At December 31, 2019 the carrying value of inventory,
included within prepayments and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, was $3.2 million (2018: $2.3 million).
(p) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
is computed using the straight line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as listed below:
Building
Computer equipment and software
Office furniture and fixtures
Laboratory equipment
Motor vehicles
Years
40
2-8
8
5
5
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight line method over the estimated useful life of the asset or the
lease term, whichever is shorter.
(q) Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842 'Leases' (ASC 842), with a date of initial application of January 1, 2019. The lease
accounting policy applied in preparation of the results for the year ended December 31, 2019 therefore reflect application of ASC
842. ICON adopted the standard using the cumulative-effect adjustment approach. Under this transition method, ICON has applied
the new standard as at the date of initial application (i.e. January 1, 2019), without restatement of comparative period amounts.
The cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded as an adjustment to the opening consolidated balance sheet as at
the date of initial application (see note 24 - Impact of new accounting pronouncements for further details). The comparative information
has not been adjusted and therefore continues to be reported under ASC 840 'Leases' (ASC 840).
The new standard requires lessees to recognize the rights and obligations resulting from virtually all leases on the
Consolidated Balance Sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets with corresponding lease liabilities.
The most significant impact of application of the new standard for ICON relates to the recognition of right-of-use assets
and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for operating leases for certain property, vehicles and equipment. Prior to
application of ASC 842, costs in respect of operating leases were charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.
Pursuant to certain practical expedients available as part of adopting ASC 842, ICON has not reassessed; whether existing
or expired contracts are or contain leases, the classification of existing or expired leases, or whether unamortized initial direct costs
meet the new definition of initial direct costs under ASC 842. Additionally, ICON has elected to use hindsight in determining the
lease term and in assessing impairment of ROU assets, if any.
ICON determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Finance leases, if any, are depreciated on the same basis as
property, plant and equipment. At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Group did not account for any leases as finance
leases.
Operating leases are included in operating right-of-use assets, other liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities
on our Consolidated Balance Sheet with the lease charge recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets and
lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement
date or date of transition. Our lease terms may also include options to extend or terminate. ICON actively reviews options to extend
or terminate leases and adjusts the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The
ROU asset is adjusted for any prepayments made at the date of commencement and any initial direct costs incurred. As most of
ICON's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used is based on the rate of traded corporate bonds available at
the commencement date adjusted for country risk, liquidity and lease term.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the depreciable lives of the corresponding fixed assets or the
lease term including any applicable renewals. Certain property leases include variable lease payments resulting from periodic rent
increases based on an index which are recognized as incurred on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
ICON accounts for lease and non-lease components separately with lease components flowing through the Consolidated
Balance Sheet and non-lease components expensed directly to the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
99
In some cases, ICON enters into sublease agreements and becomes both a lessee and a lessor for the same underlying
asset. Although subleases are accounted for separately from the lease they relate to, subleases are accounted for in the same way
as other leases.
The lease accounting policy applied in preparation of the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 reflected the
application of ASC 840. Under this accounting policy, costs in respect of operating leases are charged to the Consolidated Statement
of Operations on a straight line basis over the lease term. Assets acquired under capital finance leases are included in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet at the present value of the future minimum lease payments and are depreciated over the shorter of
the lease term and their remaining useful lives. The corresponding liabilities are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and
the interest element of the capital lease rental is charged to interest expense.
(r)
Income taxes
The Company applies the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for operating loss and tax credit
carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the
years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities
of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced
by a valuation allowance to the amount more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax
positions only if those positions will more likely than not be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest
amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to income
taxes are included in income tax expense and classified with the related liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company
accounts for the impact of GILTI (“global intangible low-taxed income”) as a period item in the period it arises and has therefore not
provided for deferred taxes in respect of this item.
(s) Government grants
Government grants received relating to capital expenditures are shown as deferred income and credited to income on a
basis consistent with the depreciation policy of the relevant assets. Grants relating to categories of operating expenditures are
credited to income in the period in which the expenditure to which they relate is charged.
Under the grant agreements amounts received may become repayable in full should certain circumstances specified within
the grant agreements occur, including downsizing by the Company, disposing of the related assets, ceasing to carry on its business
or the appointment of a receiver over any of its assets. The Company has not recognized any loss contingency having assessed
as remote the likelihood of these events arising.
(t) Research and development credits
Research and development credits are available to the Company under the tax laws in certain jurisdictions, based on
qualifying research and development spend as defined under those tax laws. Research and development credits are generally
recognized as a reduction of income tax expense. However, certain tax jurisdictions provide refundable credits that are not wholly
dependent on the Company's ongoing income tax status or income tax position. In these circumstances the benefit of these credits
is not recorded as a reduction to income tax expense, but rather as a reduction of operating expenditure.
(u) Pension costs
The Company contributes to defined contribution plans covering all eligible employees. The Company contributes to these
plans based upon various fixed percentages of employee compensation and such contributions are expensed as incurred.
The Company operates, through two subsidiaries, a defined benefit plan for certain of its United Kingdom and Swiss
employees. The Company accounts for the costs of these plans in accordance with ASC 715-30 'Defined Benefit Plans – Pension'.
These plans are presented in accordance with the requirements of ASC 715-60 'Defined Benefit Plans – Other Postretirement'.
(v) Net income per ordinary share
Basic net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group has been computed by dividing net income available to
ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per
ordinary share is computed by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period for all
potentially dilutive ordinary shares outstanding during the period and adjusting net income for any changes in income or loss that
would result from the conversion of such potential ordinary shares. There is no difference in net income used for basic and diluted
net income per ordinary share. Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group includes the adjustment
to reflect the accretion of the noncontrolling interest in MeDiNova to its redemption value (see note 26 - Net income per ordinary
share).
100
(w) Share-based compensation
The Company accounts for its share options, Restricted Share Units ("RSUs") and Performance Share Units ("PSUs") in
accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 'Compensation – Stock Compensation'. Share-based compensation expense for equity-
settled awards made to employees and directors is measured and recognized based on estimated grant date fair values. These
equity-settled awards include employee share options, RSUs and PSUs.
Share-based compensation expense for share options awarded to employees and directors is estimated at the grant date
based on each option's fair value as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Share-based compensation for RSUs
and PSUs awarded to employees and directors is calculated based on the market value of the Company's shares on the date of
award of the RSUs and PSUs. The value of awards expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods.
Forfeitures are estimated on the date of grant and revised if actual or expected forfeiture activity differs materially from original
estimates.
Estimating the grant date fair value of share options as of the grant date using an option-pricing model, such as the Black-
Scholes model, is affected by the Company's share price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex variables. These
variables include, but are not limited to, the expected share price volatility over the term of the awards, risk-free interest rates and
the expected term of the awards.
Liability classified awards are measured at the fair value of the award on the grant date and remeasured at each reporting
period at fair value until the award is settled.
(x)
Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the
carrying amount of the asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are
considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured at the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset
exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount of the asset or fair
value less selling costs.
(y) Derivative financial instruments
We enter into transactions in the normal course of business using various financial instruments in order to hedge against
exposure to fluctuating exchange and interest rates. We use derivative financial instruments to reduce exposure to fluctuations in
interest rates. A derivative is a financial instrument or other contract whose value changes in response to some underlying variable,
which has an initial net investment smaller than would be required for other instruments that have a similar response to the variable
and that will be settled at a future date. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
We did not hold any interest rate swap contracts or forward currency contracts at December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
We use derivative financial instruments to reduce exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. During the years
ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019 we entered into forward currency contracts in respect of identified exposure
arising from euro payments. All contracts expired during the year in which the contract was entered into.
Our accounting policies for derivative financial instruments are based on whether they meet the criteria for designation as
cash flow or fair value hedges. A designated hedge of the exposure to variability in the future cash flows of an asset or a liability,
or of a forecast transaction, is referred to as a cash flow hedge. A designated hedge of the exposure to changes in fair value of an
asset or a liability is referred to as a fair value hedge. The criterion for designating a derivative as a hedge includes the assessment
of the instrument's effectiveness in risk reduction, matching of the derivative instrument to its underlying transaction and the probability
that the underlying transaction will occur. For derivatives with cash flow hedge accounting designation, we report the gain or loss
from the effective portion of the hedge as a component of Other Comprehensive Income and reclassify it into earnings in the same
period or periods in which the hedged transaction affects earnings and within the same Consolidated Statement of Operations line
item as the impact of the hedged transaction. For derivatives with fair value hedge accounting designation, we recognize gains or
losses from the change in fair value of these derivatives, as well as the offsetting change in the fair value of the underlying hedged
item, in earnings. Fair value gains and losses arising on derivative financial instruments not qualifying for hedge accounting are
reported in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
(z) Financing costs and gain on interest rate hedge
The interest rate in respect of the Senior Notes is fixed at 3.64% for the five year term of the agreement. The associated
interest cost is recognized in interest expense in the period since drawdown in December 2015.
Cash proceeds ($4.6 million) received in November 2015 in respect of the realized hedge gain are amortized to the
Consolidated Statement of Operations, net against interest payable, over the period of the Senior Notes.
101
Deferred financing costs (including issue costs relating to the Senior Notes) are reported at cost less accumulated
amortization and the related amortization expense is included in interest expense, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
(aa) Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified where necessary to conform to the current
year presentation.
3. Investments
(a)
Available for sale investments
Available for sale investments at start of year
Purchases
Sales and maturities
Interest on short term investments
Realized gain on sale of short term investments
Unrealized capital gain/(loss) – investments
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$59,910
9,603
(21,686)
1,065
55
681
$77,589
80,956
(99,865)
1,329
56
(155)
Available for sale investments at end of year
$49,628
$59,910
The Company classifies its investment in short term investments as available for sale. Short term investments comprise
highly liquid investments with maturities of greater than three months and minimum "A-" rated fixed and floating rate securities.
Short term investments at December 31, 2019 have an average maturity of 0.65 years compared to 1.22 years at December 31,
2018. The investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported in a separate component of shareholders'
equity. Any differences between the cost and fair value of investments are represented by accrued interest and unrealized gains/
losses. The fair value of short term investments are represented by level 1 fair value measurements – quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets.
The following table represents our available for sale short term investments by major security type as of December 31,
2019:
US government debt securities
Corporate securities
Term deposits
Total (U.S.$ in millions)
Maturity by period
Cost
Total
14.91
32.57
1.91
$49.39
Unrealized
gains /
(losses)
Fair Value
Total
Less than 1
year
(U.S.$ in millions)
0.16
0.08
—
$0.24
15.07
32.65
1.91
$49.63
6.01
29.64
0.68
$36.33
1 to 5
years
9.06
3.01
1.23
$13.30
The contractual maturity of certain investments in the portfolio is greater than 12 months; however, classification as short-
term investments reflects the Company practice and intention in respect of these investments. The Company recognizes the
unrealized losses at fair value in equity as these unrealized losses on short term investments have been considered as temporary.
(b)
Investments in equity - long term
The Company entered into subscription agreements with a number of funds. Capital totaling $10.1 million had been
advanced under the terms of the subscription agreements at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $6.2 million). The Company
determined that the interests in the funds meet the definition of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Effective
from January 1, 2018, the Company concluded that the interests held at December 31, 2019 qualify for the NAV practical expedient
in ASC 820 'Fair value measurements and disclosures'. There was a decrease in fair value of $0.8 million (December 31, 2018:
increase in fair value of $0.8 million) recognized in net income during the year bringing the carrying value of the subscriptions to
$10.1 million at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $7.0 million). The Company had committed to future investments of $22.5
million in respect of these funds.
102
4. Goodwill
Opening goodwill
Current year acquisitions
Prior period acquisition (note 4 (d))
Foreign exchange movement
Closing goodwill
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
756,260 $
769,058
126,932
—
(22)
—
1,048
(13,846)
$
883,170 $
756,260
The Company has made a number of strategic acquisitions since inception to enhance its capabilities and experience in
certain areas of the clinical development process. Goodwill arising on acquisition represents the excess of the cost of acquired
entities over the net amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill primarily comprises of the acquired
workforce in place which does not qualify for recognition as an asset apart from goodwill.
The Company tests goodwill annually for impairment or whenever events occur which may indicate impairment. The results
of the Company's goodwill impairment testing assessed at September 30, 2019 during the year ended December 31, 2019 provided
no evidence of impairment and indicated the existence of sufficient headroom such that a reasonably possible change to the key
assumptions used would be unlikely to result in an impairment of the related goodwill.
Acquisitions
(a) Symphony
On September 24, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research LLC, acquired a 100% interest in Symphony.
Symphony is a leading provider of at-home trial services and site support services. The acquisition of Symphony further enhances
our site & patient services offering. The acquisition resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $23.1 million.
The acquisition of Symphony has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business
Combinations'. The Company has made a provisional assessment of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as
at that date.
Cash & cash equivalents
Property, plant and equipment
Operating right of use assets
Goodwill *
Customer relationships **
Order backlog **
Accounts receivable
Unbilled revenue
Prepayments and other current assets
Other receivables
Accounts payable
Unearned revenue
Other liabilities
Current lease liabilities
Non-current lease liabilities
Net assets acquired
Cash outflows
Contingent consideration payable
Working capital adjustment payable
Total consideration
103
September 24,
2019
(in thousands)
3,292
$
564
820
23,072
7,975
2,140
3,579
186
181
6
(799)
(1,446)
(933)
(289)
(531)
$
$
$
37,817
34,976
2,500
341
37,817
*Goodwill represents the acquisition of an established workforce and the capability to provide at-home trial services and site support
solutions. The full amount of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
**The Company has made an estimate of separate intangible assets acquired, being customer relationships and order book assets.
The fair value of Symphony’s intangible assets has been measured provisionally, pending receipt of a final independent valuation.
This assessment will be finalized within 12 months of the date of acquisition.
The contingent consideration is based on revenue targets set for the Company to the period ending March 31, 2020. The
fair value of the contingent consideration on acquisition was $2.5 million based on an income approach. The payment of contingent
consideration will be in the range of zero to a maximum of $2.5 million. Due to the short term nature of the contingent consideration,
no discounting has been applied. There has been no movement in the value of the contingent consideration from the date of
acquisition to the year ended December 31, 2019. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable
in the market, the contingent consideration meets the definition of a level 3 financial instrument under ASC 820. The inputs that are
not observable in the market are the expected revenue of the Company to the period ending March 31, 2020 and the probability
of achievement of this revenue target by the Company. A positive or negative movement of these inputs by 10% would not result
in a material change to the contingent consideration balance at December 31, 2019.
If new information obtained within one year of the date of acquisition about facts and circumstances that existed at the
date of acquisition identifies adjustments to the above amounts, or any additional amounts that existed at the date of acquisition,
then the accounting for the acquisition will be revised.
Since September 24, 2019, Symphony has earned revenue of $4.5 million and net income of $1.0 million in the year ended
December 31, 2019. The proforma effect of the Symphony acquisition if completed on January 1, 2018 would have resulted in
revenue, net income and earnings per share for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 as follows:
Revenue
Net income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
b) MeDiNova
Year Ended
2019
2018
(in thousands)
$ 2,818,280 $ 2,609,233
324,671
$
6.00
$
5.93
$
376,636 $
6.90 $
6.84 $
On May 23, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research (U.K.) Limited acquired a 60% majority shareholding
in MeDiNova, a site network with research sites in key markets in Europe and Africa. ICON has the right to acquire the remaining
shares in the company during 2020. The vendors also have a right to sell the remaining shares to ICON during 2020. The acquisition
further enhances ICON's patient recruitment capabilities in EMEA and complements ICON's existing site network in the US, PMG
Research. The acquisition resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $81.4 million.
104
The acquisition of MeDiNova has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business
Combinations'. The Company has made a provisional assessment of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as
at that date.
Cash & cash equivalents
Property, plant and equipment
Operating right of use assets
Goodwill *
Customer relationships **
Order backlog **
Patient database **
Accounts receivable
Unbilled revenue
Other receivables
Prepayments and other current assets
Accounts payable
Unearned revenue
Other liabilities
Current lease liabilities
Non-current lease liabilities
Non-current deferred tax liability
Net assets acquired
Cash outflows
Working capital adjustment receivable
Redeemable noncontrolling interest ***
May 23,
2019
(in thousands)
7,719
$
670
1,558
81,430
3,887
171
2,542
3,488
4,272
819
406
(5,484)
(5,796)
(6,622)
(430)
(1,128)
(1,226)
$
$
86,276
54,123
(439)
32,592
Total consideration (including redeemable noncontrolling interest)
*Goodwill represents the acquisition of an established workforce and access to a broad site network in Europe and Africa. None of
the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
**The Company has made an estimate of separate intangible assets acquired, being customer relationships, order book assets
and patient database. This assessment will be finalized within 12 months of the date of acquisition. The fair value of MeDiNova’s
intangible assets has been measured provisionally, pending receipt of a final independent valuation.
***The fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest on May 23, 2019 was $32.6 million which was estimated by applying
an income based approach. The valuation approach used was based on the future earnings of the Company times an appropriate
earnings multiple. Redemption of the noncontrolling interest will be based on the Company's earnings to March 31, 2020.
86,276
$
If new information obtained within one year of the date of acquisition about facts and circumstances that existed at the
date of acquisition identifies adjustments to the above amounts, or any additional amounts that existed at the date of acquisition,
then the accounting for the acquisition will be revised.
Since May 23, 2019, MeDiNova has earned revenue of $6.5 million (after elimination of intercompany revenue from ICON)
and net income of $4.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2019. The proforma effect of the MeDiNova acquisition if completed
on January 1, 2018 would have resulted in revenue, net income and earnings per share for the fiscal years ending December 31,
2019 and December 31, 2018 as follows:
Revenue
Net income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
105
Year Ended
2019
2018
(in thousands)
$ 2,807,788 $ 2,599,091
323,759
$
5.98
$
5.91
$
375,979 $
6.89 $
6.83 $
(c) MMD
On January 25, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Laboratory Services Inc. acquired 100% of the share capital of
MMD. MMD is a molecular diagnostic specialty laboratory that enables the development and commercialization of precision
medicines in oncology. The acquisition resulted in the recognition of goodwill of $22.4 million.
The acquisition of MMD has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business
Combinations'. The Company made an assessment of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as at that date. The
following table summarizes the Company’s fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash & cash equivalent
Property, plant and equipment
Operating right of use assets
Goodwill *
Customer relationships *
Order backlog *
Accounts receivable
Unbilled revenue
Other receivables
Prepayments and other current assets
Deferred tax asset
Accounts payable
Unearned revenue
Other liabilities
Current lease liabilities
Non-current lease liabilities
Non-current other liabilities
Net assets acquired
Cash outflows
Working capital adjustment
January, 25
2019
(in thousands)
686
$
1,697
2,866
22,430
10,708
2,787
3,100
2,421
43
908
1,568
(1,280)
(540)
(1,232)
(699)
(2,167)
(1,123)
$
$
42,173
42,349
(176)
42,173
Total consideration
*Goodwill represents the acquisition of an established workforce with experience in molecular diagnostic specialty laboratory
services and commercialization of precision medicines in oncology. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible
for income tax purposes. In finalizing the goodwill on acquisition of MMD in the twelve month period from acquisition, fair value
adjustments were made which resulted in increases in unbilled revenue ($2.1 million), deferred tax asset ($3.7 million), accounts
payable ($0.6 million) and other liabilities ($0.1 million) and decreases in property, plant and equipment ($0.1 million) and unearned
revenue ($0.9 million). Customer relationship and order backlog assets were also finalized.
$
Since January 25, 2019, MMD has earned revenue of $17.9 million and net income of $1.1 million in the year ended
December 31, 2019. The proforma effect of the MMD acquisition if completed on January 1, 2018 would have resulted in revenue,
net income and earnings per share for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 as follows:
Revenue
Net income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
106
Year Ended
2019
2018
(in thousands)
$ 2,806,908 $ 2,612,346
321,698
$
5.94
$
5.87
$
373,930 $
6.85 $
6.79 $
(d) Mapi Group
On July 27, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research Limited, acquired Mapi Group. Mapi Group is a
leading patient-centered health outcomes research and commercialization company. Cash outflows on acquisition were $145.8
million. The acquisition agreement provided for working capital targets to be achieved. The acquisition resulted in the recognition
of goodwill of $130.3 million.
The acquisition of Mapi has been accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business
Combinations'. The table following summarizes the Company’s assessment of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities
assumed:
Cash
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill*
Order backlog
Customer relationships
Accounts receivable
Unbilled revenue
Prepayments and other current assets
Other receivables
Income taxes receivable
Accounts payable
Payments on account
Other liabilities
Non-current other liabilities
Non-current deferred tax liability
Net assets acquired
Cash outflows
Working capital adjustment
July 27, 2017
(in thousands)
19,649
$
4,872
130,270
13,012
18,392
15,874
6,984
2,587
1,430
4,262
(2,994)
(31,445)
(24,952)
(1,061)
(11,104)
$
$
145,776
144,131
1,645
145,776
Total consideration
*Goodwill represents the acquisition of an established workforce with experience in late phase commercialization, analytics, real
world evidence generation and strategic regulatory services in clinical trial services for biologics, drugs and devices. Goodwill related
to the business acquired is not tax deductible. In finalizing the goodwill on acquisition of Mapi in the twelve month period from
acquisition, fair value adjustments were made which resulted in increases in other liabilities ($3.9 million), plant and equipment
($1.7 million) and accounts receivable ($1.7 million) and income taxes receivable ($1.5 million) and decreases in unbilled revenue
($4.8 million), prepayments and other current assets ($1.9 million) and other receivables ($1.0 million) and in payment on account
($2.6 million) and non-current deferred tax liability ($9.1 million). Customer relationship and order backlog assets were also finalized.
$
The proforma effect of the Mapi acquisition if completed on January 1, 2016 would have resulted in net revenue, net income
and earnings per share for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 as follows:
Net revenue
Net income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Year Ended
2017
2016
(in thousands)
$ 1,811,018 $ 1,750,643
263,101
$
4.76
$
4.66
$
284,903 $
5.26 $
5.19 $
107
5. Intangible Assets
Cost
Customer relationships
Technology asset
Order backlog
Trade names/ brands
Volunteer list
Non-compete arrangements
Patient database
Foreign exchange movement
Total cost
Accumulated amortization
Foreign exchange movement
Net book value
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
132,192 $
109,622
11,169
36,318
2,766
1,325
489
2,542
11,169
31,220
2,766
1,325
489
—
(5,728)
181,073
(5,085)
151,506
(116,196)
(100,249)
3,017
2,798
$
67,894 $
54,055
On September 24, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research LLC, acquired a 100% interest in Symphony.
Symphony is a leading provider of at-home trial services and site support services. The acquisition of Symphony further enhances
our site & patient services offering. The value of certain customer relationships and order backlog identified of $8.0 million and $2.1
million respectively were recognized on acquisition and are being amortized over approximately 12 years and 2 years, the estimated
period of benefit. In total, $0.5 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On May 23, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research (U.K.) Limited acquired a majority shareholding
in MeDiNova, a site network with research sites in key markets in Europe and Africa. ICON has the right to acquire the remaining
shares in the company during 2020. The vendors also have a right to sell the remaining shares to ICON during 2020. The acquisition
further enhances ICON's patient recruitment capabilities in EMEA and complements ICON's existing site network in the US, PMG
Research. The value of certain customer relationships, patient database and order backlog identified of $3.9 million, $2.5 million
and $0.2 million respectively were recognized on acquisition and are being amortized over approximately 12 years, 7 years and 1
year, the estimated period of benefit. In total, $0.5 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On January 25, 2019 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Laboratory Services Inc. acquired 100% of the share capital of
MMD. MMD is a molecular diagnostic specialty laboratory that enables the development and commercialization of precision
medicines in oncology. The value of certain customer relationships and order backlog identified of $10.7 million and $2.8 million
respectively were recognized on acquisition and are being amortized over approximately over 16 years and 2 years, the estimated
period of benefit. In total, $1.9 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On July 27, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research Limited acquired Mapi Group. Mapi is a leading
patient-centered health outcomes research and commercialization company. The acquisition of Mapi strengthens ICON’s existing
commercialization and outcomes research business adding significant commercialization presence, analytics, real world evidence
generation and strategic regulatory services. The value of certain customer relationships and order backlog identified of $18.4
million and $13.0 million respectively were recognized on acquisition and are being amortized over approximately over 8 years and
8.5 years, the estimated period of benefit. In total, $9.5 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On September 15, 2016, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON US Holdings Inc., acquired ICON Government & Public
Health Solutions (''GPHS'') (formerly Clinical Research Management (ClinicalRM)), a full-service CRO specializing in preclinical
through Phase IV support of clinical research and clinical trial services for biologics, drugs and devices. The organization helps
customers progress their products to market faster with a wide array of research, regulatory and sponsor services within the U.S.
and around the globe. GPHS provides full service and functional research solutions to a broad range of US government agencies.
The value of certain customer relationship, order backlog and brand assets identified of $4.0 million, $1.7 million and $1.4 million
respectively are being amortized over approximately 7 years, 2 years and 5 years respectively, the estimated period of benefit. In
total, $5.0 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On December 4, 2015, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research LLC, acquired PMG, an integrated network
of 52 clinical research sites in North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois and Iowa. The site network includes wholly owned
facilities and dedicated clinical research sites. PMG conducts clinical trials in all major therapeutic areas and has particular expertise
in vaccine, gastroenterology, cardiovascular, neurology and endocrinology studies. The value of certain customer relationship and
order backlog assets identified of $6.9 million and $3.0 million respectively are being amortized over approximately 7 years and 2
years respectively, the estimated period of benefit. In total, $7.0 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
The order backlog was fully amortized at December 31, 2019.
108
On February 27, 2015, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Holdings Unlimited Company (formerly ICON Holdings),
acquired MediMedia Pharma Solutions. Headquartered in Yardley, Pennsylvania, MediMedia Pharma Solutions includes MediMedia
Managed Markets and Complete Healthcare Communications. MediMedia Managed Markets is a leading provider of strategic
payer-validated market access solutions. Complete Healthcare Communications is one of the leading medical and scientific
communication agencies working with medical affairs, commercial and brand development teams within life science companies.
The value of certain customer relationships and order backlog identified of $22.8 million and $2.5 million respectively are being
amortized over approximately 7 years and 1 year, the estimated period of benefit. $18.2 million has been amortized in the period
since the date of acquisition. The order backlog is fully amortized at December 31, 2019.
On May 7, 2014, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON US Holdings Inc., acquired Aptiv Solutions, Inc. ("Aptiv"), a global
biopharmaceutical and medical device development services company and leader in adaptive clinical trials. Aptiv offers full-service
clinical trial consulting and regulatory support for drugs, medical devices and diagnostics with a specific focus on strategy to increase
product development efficiency and productivity. The value of certain customer relationships and order backlog identified of $21.4
million and $7.9 million respectively are being amortized over approximately 7 years and 3 years, the estimated period of benefit.
In total, $25.2 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition. The order backlog is fully amortized at
December 31, 2019.
On February 28, 2012, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research LLC (formerly ICON Clinical Research, Inc.),
acquired PriceSpective, a strategy consulting company. The value of certain customer relationships identified of $10.2 million are
being amortized over approximately 10 years, the estimated period of benefit. The value of order backlog and certain non-compete
arrangements identified of $0.4 million and $0.4 million respectively were amortized over approximately 0.8 years and 3 years, the
estimated period of benefit and were fully amortized at December 31, 2019. In total, $8.8 million has been amortized in the period
since the date of acquisition.
On February 15, 2012, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research Limited, acquired BeijingWits Medical, a
Chinese CRO. The value of certain customer relationships identified of $1.8 million are being amortized over approximately 10
years, the estimated period of benefit. The value of certain order backlog and non-compete arrangements identified of $0.4 million
and $0.1 million respectively were amortized over approximately 4 years and 5 years, the estimated period of benefit and were fully
amortized at December 31, 2019. In total, $1.8 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
On July 14, 2011, a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Clinical Research Limited, acquired Firecrest Clinical Limited, a
provider of technology solutions that boost investigator site performance and study management. The value of certain technology
assets and customer relationships identified of $11.2 million and $5.2 million respectively are being amortized over approximately
7.5 years, the estimated period of benefit. The value of the Firecrest trade name and order backlog identified of $1.4 million and
$1.2 million respectively were amortized over approximately 4.5 years and 1.2 years, the estimated period of benefit and were fully
amortized at December 31, 2019. In total, $16.5 million has been amortized in the period since the date of acquisition.
Future intangible asset amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2024 is as
follows:
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
(in thousands)
$
17,381
13,711
8,022
6,176
5,793
$
51,083
109
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Cost
Land
Building
Computer equipment and software
Office furniture and fixtures
Laboratory equipment
Leasehold improvements
Motor vehicles
Less accumulated depreciation and asset write offs
Property, plant and equipment (net)
7. Other Liabilities
General trade and overhead liabilities*
Personnel related liabilities
Operating lease liability (note 22)
Facility related liabilities
Other liabilities
Restructuring and other items (note 14)
Short term government grants (note 11)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
3,724 $
84,603
434,445
87,855
40,495
31,144
199
3,476
86,621
399,192
83,215
36,092
25,827
144
682,465
634,567
(517,378)
(475,898)
$
165,087 $
158,669
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
174,131 $
157,146
28,320
11,138
6,531
1,232
45
118,845
171,866
—
14,012
4,289
8,089
42
$
378,543 $
317,143
*includes amounts due to third parties in respect of accrued reimbursable expenses of $142.6 million at December 31, 2019 and
$85.6 million at December 31, 2018.
8. Non-Current Other Liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Defined benefit pension obligations, net (note 9)
9. Employee Benefits
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
11,459 $
6,053
17,512 $
10,126
3,320
13,446
$
$
Certain Company employees are eligible to participate in a defined contribution plan (the "Plan"). Participants in the Plan
may elect to defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings into a pension plan, which is run by an independent party. The Company
matches participant's contributions typically at 8% of the participant's annual compensation. Contributions to the plan are recorded
as an expense in the selling, general and administrative line in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Contributions for the
years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $26,483,000, $25,241,000 and $20,355,000
respectively.
110
The Company's United States operations maintain a retirement plan (the "U.S. Plan") that qualifies as a deferred salary
arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participants in the U.S. Plan may elect to defer a portion of their
pre-tax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. The Company matches participant's contributions
up to 3% and matches 50% of participant's contributions thereafter to a maximum Company contribution of 4.5% of the participant's
annual compensation. Contributions to this U.S. Plan are recorded, in the year contributed, as an expense in the Consolidated
Statement of Operations. Contributions for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were
$16,469,000, $15,532,000 and $14,946,000 respectively.
ICON Development Solutions Limited pension plan
One of the Company's subsidiaries, ICON Development Solutions Limited, operates a defined benefit pension plan in the
United Kingdom for its employees. The plan is managed externally and the related pension costs and liabilities are assessed in
accordance with the advice of a professionally qualified actuary. Plan assets at December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and
December 31, 2017, consist of units held in independently administered funds. The pension costs of this plan are presented in the
following tables in accordance with the requirements of ASC 715-60 'Defined Benefit Plans – Other Postretirement'. The plan has
been closed to new entrants with effect from July 1, 2003.
Funded status
Projected benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
Funded status
Non-current other liabilities (note 8)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Plan participants' contributions
Expenses
Benefits paid
Actuarial loss/(gain)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
(37,036) $
(30,045)
32,016
(5,020) $
(5,020) $
27,297
(2,748)
(2,748)
$
$
$
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
30,045 $
37,759
107
867
24
—
(177)
4,756
1,414
124
895
24
—
(3,049)
(3,844)
(1,864)
Benefit obligation at end of year
$
37,036 $
30,045
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Actual return/(loss) on plan assets
Employer contributions
Plan participants' contributions
Benefits paid
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
27,297 $
32,423
3,504
148
24
(177)
1,220
$
32,016 $
(584)
153
24
(3,049)
(1,670)
27,297
The fair values of the assets above do not include any of the Company's own financial instruments, property occupied by,
or other assets used by, the Company.
111
The following amounts were recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as components of the net periodic
benefit cost:
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of net loss
Expenses
Net periodic benefit cost
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
107 $
124 $
867
(574)
67
—
895
(624)
248
—
467 $
643 $
112
929
(586)
250
(8)
697
The following assumptions were used at the commencement of the year in determining the net periodic pension benefit
cost for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
Expected rate of return on plan assets
Other comprehensive income
Actuarial loss/(gain) - benefit obligation
Actuarial (gain)/loss – plan assets
Actuarial loss recognized in net periodic benefit cost
Total
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
2.9%
3.7%
2.1%
2.5%
3.7%
2.0%
2.7%
3.9%
2.1%
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
4,756 $
(3,844) $
(2,930)
(67)
1,208
(248)
1,759 $
(2,884) $
658
(393)
(250)
15
The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated
other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are $0.2 million and $Nil respectively.
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income that have not yet been recognized as components of
net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
Net actuarial loss
Total
Benefit Obligation
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
6,013 $
6,013 $
4,254 $
4,254 $
7,138
7,138
The following assumptions were used in determining the benefit obligation at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
2.1%
3.3%
2.9%
3.7%
A single discount rate is used which, when used to discount the projected benefit cashflows underlying a pension scheme
with a 26 year duration, gives the same result as a full AA corporate bond yield curve.
112
Plan Assets
The assets of the scheme are held on an investment platform with Mobius which invests in a number of investment funds
with Legal & General, Stone Harbor, Investec and Barings. The overall investment strategy is that approximately 20% of investments
are in world equities, corporate bonds, high yield bonds, multi-asset credit fund and senior secured loans, respectively. There is no
self-investment in employer related assets. The expected long-term rate of return on assets at December 31, 2019 of 4.0% was
calculated as the value of the fund after application of a market value reduction factor. The expected long term rates of return on
different asset classes are as follows:
Asset Category
Corporate Bonds (including 50% high yield bonds)
Equities
Secured Loans and Multi Asset Credit
Cash
Expected long-
term return per
annum
3.4%
5.8%
3.6%
2.1%
The long-term expected rate of return on cash is determined by reference to traditional corporate bond rates at the latest
Balance Sheet date. The long-term expected returns on traditional corporate and government bonds are determined by reference
to corporate bond yields and gilt yields respectively at the Balance Sheet date. The long-term expected returns on equities is based
on the rate of return on government bonds with an allowance for out-performance. The long-term expected return on high yield
bonds, secured loans and multi asset credit is based on the return on traditional corporate bonds with an allowance for out-
performance.
The underlying asset split of the fund is shown below.
Asset Category
Corporate Bonds (including 50% high yield bonds)
Equities
Secured Loans and Multi Asset Credit
Gilts
Cash
December 31,
2019
40%
21%
39%
—%
—%
100%
December 31,
2018
25%
—%
—%
71%
4%
100%
Applying the above expected long term rates of return to the asset distribution at December 31, 2019, gives rise to an
expected overall rate of return of scheme assets of approximately 4.0% per annum.
Plan Asset Fair Value Measurements
Cash
Fixed Income Securities
L&G Life GPBF All World Equity Index Fund
L&G Life DC Active Corporate Bond
Stone Harbor High Yield Bond Fund
Investec Global Total Return Credit Fund
Stone Harbor Multi Asset Credit Portfolio
Barings European Loan Fund Buy & Hold
Legal and General Active Corporate Bond – Over 10 Year
Legal and General Gilt Funds
Legal and General Index Linked Gilt Funds
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
Level 1
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
17 $
1,029
6,753
6,412
6,292
3,166
3,151
6,225
—
—
—
$
32,016 $
113
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,688
7,136
12,444
27,297
Cash Flows
The Company expects to contribute $0.2 million to the pension fund in the year ending December 31, 2020.
The following annual benefit payments, which reflect expected future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid.
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Years 2025 - 2029
(in thousands)
$
$
323
398
428
419
549
3,904
The expected cash flows are estimated figures based on the members expected to retire over the next 10 years assuming
no early retirements, withdrawals or commutation of pension for cash. At the present time it is not clear whether annuities will be
purchased when members reach retirement or whether pensions will be paid each month out of scheme assets. The cash flows
above have been estimated on the assumption that pensions will be paid monthly out of scheme assets. If annuities are purchased,
then the expected benefit payments will be significantly different from those shown above.
Aptiv Solutions pension plan
On May 7, 2014 the Company acquired 100% of the common stock of Aptiv Solutions ("Aptiv"). The acquisition of Aptiv
was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 'Business Combinations'. The Company has a defined
benefit plan covering its employees in Switzerland as mandated by the Swiss government. Benefits are based on the employee's
years of service and compensation. Benefits are paid directly by the Company when they become due, in conformity with the funding
requirements of applicable government regulations. The plan is managed externally and the related pension costs and liabilities
are assessed in accordance with the advice of a professionally qualified actuary. Plan assets at December 31, 2019 and December
31, 2018 consist of units held in independently administered funds. The pension costs of this plan are presented in the following
tables in accordance with the requirements of ASC 715-60 'Defined Benefit Plans – Other Postretirement'.
Funded status
Projected benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets
Funded status
Non-current other liabilities (note 8)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Plan participants' contributions
Settlement
Prior service cost
Transferred (benefits paid)/balances
Actuarial loss/(gain)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
Benefit obligation at end of year
114
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
$
$
(7,047) $
6,014
(1,033) $
(1,033) $
(5,279)
4,707
(572)
(572)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
5,279 $
115
40
67
—
—
(72)
1,479
139
5,927
138
47
83
(409)
(8)
(77)
(372)
(50)
$
7,047 $
5,279
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Expected return on plan assets
Actual return/(loss) on plan assets
Scheme contributions
Plan participants' contributions
Transferred (benefits paid)/balances
Settlement
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
December 31, December 31,
2018
2019
(in thousands)
$
$
4,707 $
35
1,114
89
67
(72)
—
74
6,014 $
5,202
41
(240)
109
83
(77)
(409)
(2)
4,707
The fair values of the assets above do not include any of the Company's own financial instruments, property occupied
by, or other assets used by, the Company.
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of net gain
Amortization of prior service credit
Settlement
Net periodic benefit cost/(credit)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
115 $
138 $
40
(35)
(93)
(9)
—
47
(41)
(69)
(8)
(93)
$
18 $
(26) $
243
54
(47)
(43)
(8)
(214)
(15)
The following assumptions were used at the commencement of the year in determining the net periodic pension benefit
cost for the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
Expected rate of return on plan assets
Other comprehensive income
Actuarial loss/(gain) - benefit obligation
Actuarial (gain)/loss – plan assets
Prior service credit recognized in net periodic benefit cost
Actuarial gain recognized in net periodic benefit cost
Amortization of net prior service credit
Net prior service cost occurring during the year
Total
December 31,
2019
0.80%
2.00%
0.80%
December 31,
2018
0.80%
2.00%
0.80%
December 31,
2017
0.75%
2.00%
0.75%
December 31,
2019
1,479 $
December 31,
2018
(372) $
December 31,
2017
(626)
(1,114)
—
93
9
—
467 $
240
93
69
8
(9)
29 $
296
215
43
8
(1)
(65)
$
$
The estimated net gain and prior service credit for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated
other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next year are $6,000 and $9,000 respectively.
115
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income that have not yet been recognized as components of
net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
Net actuarial gain
Total
Benefit Obligation
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
(787) $
(787) $
(1,254) $
(1,254) $
(1,283)
(1,283)
The following assumptions were used in determining the benefit obligation at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
December 31,
2019
0.30%
2.00%
December 31,
2018
0.80%
2.00%
The discount rate is determined by reference to Swiss corporate bond yields at the Balance Sheet date.
Plan Assets
The pension plan is an insured arrangement with Swiss Life. The assets are an insurance contract whose value depends
on the amount saved by employees and the interest granted by Swiss Life. The value of assets does not depend on the performance
of any underlying assets. There is no self-investment in employer related assets.
Cash Flows
The Company expects to contribute $0.1 million to its pension fund in the year ending December 31, 2020.
The following annual benefit payments, which reflect expected future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid.
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Years 2025 - 2029
(in thousands)
$
$
280
276
270
265
259
1,184
The expected cash flows are estimated figures based on the members expected to retire over the next 10 years assuming
no early retirements plus an additional amount based on recent average withdrawal experience. At the present time it is not clear
whether annuities will be purchased when members reach retirement or whether pensions will be paid each month out of scheme
assets. The cash flows above have been estimated on the assumption that pensions will be paid monthly out of scheme assets. If
annuities are purchased, then the expected benefit payments will be significantly different from those shown above.
10. Equity Incentive Schemes and Stock Compensation Charges
Share Options
On July 21, 2008 the Company adopted the Employee Share Option Plan 2008 (the "2008 Employee Plan") pursuant to
which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company's Board of Directors may grant options to any employee,
or any Director holding a salaried office or employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for the purchase of ordinary shares. On
the same date, the Company also adopted the Consultants Share Option Plan 2008 (the "2008 Consultants Plan"), pursuant to
which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company's Board of Directors may grant options to any consultant,
adviser or non-executive Director retained by the Company or any Subsidiary for the purchase of ordinary shares.
On February 14, 2017 both the 2008 Employee Plan and the 2008 Consultants Plan (together the "2008 Option Plans")
were amended and restated in order to increase the number of options that can be issued under the 2008 Consultants Plan from
0.4 million to 1.0 million and to extend the date for options to be granted under the 2008 Option Plans.
116
An aggregate of 6.0 million ordinary shares have been reserved under the 2008 Employee Plan, as reduced by any shares
issued or to be issued pursuant to options granted under the 2008 Consultants Plan, under which a limit of 1.0 million shares applies.
Further, the maximum number of ordinary shares with respect to which options may be granted under the 2008 Employee Option
Plan, during any calendar year to any employee shall be 0.4 million ordinary shares. There is no individual limit under the 2008
Consultants Plan. No options may be granted under the 2008 Option Plans after February 14, 2027.
Each option granted under the 2008 Option Plans will be an employee stock option, or NSO, as described in Section 422
or 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Each grant of an option under the 2008 Options Plans will be evidenced by a Stock Option
Agreement between the optionee and the Company. The exercise price will be specified in each Stock Option Agreement, however
option prices will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of an ordinary share on the date the option is granted.
On January 17, 2003 the Company adopted the Share Option Plan 2003 (the "2003 Share Option Plan") pursuant to which
the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Board could grant options to officers and other employees of the Company
or its subsidiaries for the purchase of ordinary shares. An aggregate of 6.0 million ordinary shares were reserved under the 2003
Share Option Plan; and in no event could the number of ordinary shares issued pursuant to options awarded under this plan exceed
10% of the outstanding shares, as defined in the 2003 Share Option Plan, at the time of the grant, unless the Board expressly
determined otherwise. Further, the maximum number of ordinary shares with respect to which options could be granted under the
2003 Share Option Plan during any calendar year to any employee was 0.4 million ordinary shares. The 2003 Share Option Plan
expired on January 17, 2013. No new options may be granted under this plan.
Share option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company's shares at date of grant.
Prior to 2018, share options typically vest over a period of five years from date of grant and expire eight years from date of grant.
Share options granted to non-executive directors during 2018 vest over 12 months and expire eight years from the date of grant.
The following table summarizes the transactions for the Company's share option plans for the years ended December 31,
2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Options Granted
Under Plans
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Granted
Exercised
Canceled
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Granted
Exercised
Canceled
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
Granted
Exercised
Canceled/expired
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
1,466,444 $
219,113 $
(458,243) $
(55,921) $
1,171,393 $
167,557 $
(408,699) $
(9,505) $
920,746 $
97,112 $
(329,870) $
(31,881) $
656,107 $
43.45 $
85.98 $
30.35 $
54.35 $
56.02 $
118.90 $
41.12 $
32.35 $
74.32 $
140.13 $
65.54 $
88.12 $
87.80 $
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2019
298,077 $
68.72 $
13.94
25.06
10.72
16.76
17.15
36.84
13.55
11.39
22.39
43.43
19.78
26.77
26.60
20.99
The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2019,
was 4.76 years and 3.64 years respectively (2018: 5.01 years and 3.83 years respectively). 186,479 options are expected to vest
during the year ended December 31, 2020 (241,149 options were expected to vest during the year ended December 31, 2019).
The intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019 amounted to $26.2 million. The intrinsic
value of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2019 amounted to $55.4 million and $30.9 million respectively.
Intrinsic value is calculated based on the market value versus strike price of the Company's shares at the date of exercise.
117
Non-vested shares outstanding as at December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2018
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Options
Outstanding
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted
Average Fair
Value
522,823 $
88.18 $
26.41
97,112
(233,861)
(28,044)
140.13
84.91
97.36
43.43
25.68
29.24
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2019
358,030 $
103.68 $
31.28
Outstanding and exercisable share options:
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable share options as of December 31,
2019:
Range Exercise
Price
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
22.30
23.66
26.71
32.37
36.22
37.90
40.83
47.03
48.67
65.60
66.47
68.39
71.95
83.47
90.03
115.11
125.74
137.47
140.38
Options Outstanding
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Options Exercisable
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
35,405
31
450
18,313
645
920
22,740
2,757
10,128
34,342
3,445
61,847
100,123
89,308
52,082
87,636
41,270
8,378
86,287
0.32
0.57
0.69
1.33
1.46
1.93
2.39
2.17
2.21
4.38
3.39
3.18
4.17
5.17
5.38
6.17
6.38
7.38
7.17
35,405
31
450
18,313
645
920
22,740
2,757
10,128
14,646
2,096
38,351
68,595
16,578
23,594
6,868
35,960
—
—
—
$22.30 - $140.38
656,107
4.76 $
87.80
298,077 $
68.72
Options outstanding include both vested and unvested options as at December 31, 2019. Options exercisable represent
options which have vested at December 31, 2019. From the date of grant, substantially all options vest over a five year period at
20% per annum.
118
Fair value of Stock Options Assumptions
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and
December 31, 2017 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average fair values and assumptions
were as follows:
Weighted average fair value
Assumptions:
Expected volatility
Dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate
Expected life
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$
43.43
$
36.84
$
25.06
30%
—%
30%
—%
29%
—%
2.55%
5.0 years
2.76%
5.0 years
1.93%
5.0 years
Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock over a period equal to the expected term of the
options; the expected life represents the weighted average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding given
consideration to vesting schedules and our historical experience of past vesting and termination patterns. The risk-free rate is based
on the U.S. government zero-coupon bonds yield curve in effect at time of the grant for periods corresponding with the expected
life of the option.
Restricted Share Units and Performance Share Units
On April 23, 2013 the Company adopted the 2013 Employees Restricted Share Unit and Performance Share Unit Plan
(the "2013 RSU Plan") pursuant to which the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Company's Board of Directors may
select any employee, or any Director holding a salaried office or employment with the Company, or a Subsidiary to receive an award
under the plan. On May 11, 2015 the 2013 RSU Plan was amended and restated in order to increase the number of shares that
can be issued under the RSU Plan by 2.5 million shares. Accordingly, an aggregate of 4.1 million ordinary shares have been reserved
for issuance under the 2013 RSU Plan. The shares are awarded at par value and vest over a service period. Awards under the
2013 RSU Plan may be settled in cash or shares at the option of the Company.
On April 30 2019, the Company approved the 2019 Consultants and Directors Restricted Share Unit Plan (the “2019
Consultants RSU Plan”), which was effective as of May 16, 2019, pursuant to which the Compensation and Organization Committee
of the Company’s Board of Directors may select any consultant, adviser or non-executive Director retained by the Company, or a
Subsidiary to receive an award under the plan. 250,000 ordinary shares have been reserved for issuance under the 2019 Consultants
RSU Plan. The awards are at par value and vest over a service period. Awards granted to non-executive directors in May 2019
vest over twelve months.
The Company has awarded RSUs and PSUs to certain key individuals of the Group. The following table summarizes RSU
and PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2019:
PSU
Outstanding
Number of
Shares
PSU
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
PSU
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
RSU
Outstanding
Number
of Shares
RSU
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
RSU
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
251,053 $
85.95
0.96
534,677 $
89.50
1.22
Granted
Shares vested
Forfeited
60,182 $
140.13
(118,611) $
(16,635) $
71.45
91.94
160,237 $
(238,960) $
(66,054) $
138.33
69.19
107.03
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
175,989 $
110.79
1.04
389,900 $
119.07
1.43
The fair value of RSUs vested for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $16.5 million (2018: $18.8 million).
The fair value of PSUs vested for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $8.5 million (2018: $14.7 million).
119
The PSUs vest based on service and specified EPS targets over the period 2017 – 2019, 2018 – 2020 and 2019 – 2021.
Depending on the actual amount of EPS from 2017 to 2021, up to an additional 75,615 PSUs may also be granted.
Non-cash stock compensation expense
Income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 is stated after charging $26.8 million in respect of non-
cash stock compensation expense. Non-cash stock compensation expense has been allocated as follows:
Direct costs
Selling, general and administrative
Total compensation costs
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
14,777 $
17,408 $
12,042
14,186
18,020
12,553
26,819 $
31,594 $
30,573
Total non-cash stock compensation expense not yet recognized at December 31, 2019 amounted to $42.4 million. The
weighted average period over which this is expected to be recognized is 2.18 years.
The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 reflects a net income tax benefit of $8.2 million in connection
with stock compensation (including excess tax benefits) and the total tax benefit in connection with stock options exercised during
2019 was $1.9 million. The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 reflects a net income tax benefit of $12.7
million in connection with stock compensation (including excess tax benefits) and the total tax benefit in connection with stock
options exercised during 2018 was $3.6 million. The income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects a net
income tax benefit of $9.3 million in connection with stock compensation (excluding excess tax benefits) and the total tax benefit
realized in connection with stock options exercised during 2017 was $3.2 million.
11. Government Grants
Received
Less accumulated amortization
Foreign exchange translation adjustment
Total government grants
Less current portion
Non-current government grants
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
3,539 $
(2,836)
3,539
(2,792)
155
858
(45)
813 $
172
919
(42)
877
$
$
Capital grants received may be refundable in full if certain events occur. Such events, as set out in the related grant
agreements, include sale of the related asset, liquidation of the Company or failure to comply with other conditions of the grant
agreements. No loss contingency has been recognized as the likelihood of such events arising has been assessed as remote.
Government grants amortized to the profit and loss account amounted to $44,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019
(December 31, 2018: $47,000). As at December 31, 2019 the Company had $3.1 million (December 31, 2018: $3.2 million) in
restricted retained earnings, pursuant to the terms of grant agreements.
12. Share Capital
Holders of ordinary shares will be entitled to receive such dividends as may be recommended by the Board of Directors
of the Company and approved by the shareholders and/or such interim dividends as the Board of Directors of the Company may
decide. On liquidation or a winding up of the Company, the par value of the ordinary shares will be repaid out of the assets available
for distribution among the holders of the ordinary shares of the Company. Holders of ordinary shares have no conversion or
redemption rights. On a show of hands, every holder of an ordinary share present in person or proxy at a general meeting of
shareholders shall have one vote, for each ordinary share held with no individual having more than one vote.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, 329,870 options were exercised by employees at an average exercise price
of $65.54 per share for total proceeds of $21.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, 237,119 ordinary shares were
issued in respect of certain RSUs and 118,611 ordinary shares were issued in respect of PSUs previously awarded by the Company.
120
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 408,699 options were exercised by employees at an average exercise price
of $41.12 per share for total proceeds of $16.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, 273,742 ordinary shares were
issued in respect of certain RSUs and 215,826 ordinary shares were issued in respect of PSUs previously awarded by the Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, 458,243 options were exercised by employees at an average exercise price
of $30.35 per share for total proceeds of $13.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 361,102 ordinary shares were
issued in respect of certain RSUs and 320,640 ordinary shares were issued in respect of PSUs previously awarded by the Company.
(a) Share Repurchase Program
On July 31, 2015 the Company commenced a buyback program of up to $400 million under which the Company could
acquire its outstanding ordinary shares (by way of redemption), in accordance with Irish law, the United States securities laws and
the Company's constitutional documents through open market share acquisitions. A total of 5,316,062 ordinary shares were
redeemed by the Company under this buyback program for a total consideration of $400 million. The share buyback program was
completed in December 31, 2015, with a total of 6,198,481 ordinary shares redeemed during the year ended December 31, 2015
for total consideration of $457.9 million (including the program for $400 million).
A resolution was passed at the Company’s Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) on July 22, 2016, which authorized the
Directors to purchase (buyback) up to 10% of the outstanding shares in the Company. This authorization was renewed at the
Company's AGM on each of July 25, 2017, July 24, 2018 and July 23, 2019. On October 3, 2016, the Company commenced a
share buyback program of up to $400 million. The share buyback program was completed during the year ended December 31,
2018 with a total of 4,026,576 ordinary shares redeemed for a total consideration of $372.1 million. On January 8, 2019, the Company
commenced a further share buyback program of up to 1.0 million ordinary shares which was completed during the year ended
December 31, 2019. These shares were redeemed by the Company for a total consideration of $141.6 million. On October 22,
2019, the Company commenced a further share buyback program. At December 31, 2019, 35,100 ordinary shares were redeemed
by the Company for a total consideration of $5.3 million.
All ordinary shares that were redeemed under the buyback program were canceled in accordance with the Constitution
of the Company and the nominal value of these shares transferred to other undenominated capital as required under Irish Company
law.
Under the repurchase program, a broker purchased the Company's shares from time to time on the open market or in
privately negotiated transactions in accordance with agreed terms and limitations. The program was designed to allow share
repurchases during periods when the Company would ordinarily not be permitted to do so because it may be in possession of
material non-public or price-sensitive information or due to applicable insider trading laws or self-imposed trading blackout periods.
The Company's instructions to the broker were irrevocable and the trading decisions in respect of the repurchase program were
made independently of and uninfluenced by the Company. The Company confirms that on entering the share repurchase plans it
had no material non-public, price-sensitive or inside information regarding the Company or its securities. Furthermore, the Company
will not enter into additional plans whilst in possession of such information. The timing and actual number of shares acquired by
way of the redemption will be dependent on market conditions, legal and regulatory requirements and the other terms and limitations
contained in the program. In addition, acquisitions under the program may be suspended or discontinued in certain circumstances
in accordance with the agreed terms. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to the timing or number of shares that may be
acquired under the program.
13. Income Taxes
The Company's United States and Irish based subsidiaries file income tax returns in the United States and Ireland
respectively. Other foreign subsidiaries are taxed separately under the laws of their respective countries.
The components of income before income tax expense are as follows:
Ireland
United States
Other
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
323,726 $
243,988 $
218,306
21,073
82,190
27,499
93,127
28,426
81,325
Income before income tax expense
$
426,989 $
364,614 $
328,057
121
The components of income tax expense are as follows:
Income tax expense:
Current tax expense:
Ireland
United States
Other
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
35,955 $
28,042 $
20,084
5,073
11,642
2,885
9,379
5,792
9,964
Total current tax expense
52,670
40,306
35,840
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense:
Ireland
United States
Other
2,833
(3,502)
(868)
1,054
875
(277)
261
8,980
1,488
Total deferred tax (benefit)/expense
(1,537)
1,652
10,729
Income tax expense allocated to continuing operations
51,133
41,958
46,569
Impact on other comprehensive income of the income tax consequence of :
Currency impact on long term funding
Fair value of cash flow hedge
25
—
119
(148)
973
148
Total
$
51,158 $
41,929 $
47,690
Ireland's statutory income tax rate is 12.5%. The Company's consolidated reported income tax expense differed from the
amount that would result from applying the Irish statutory rate as set forth below:
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
Taxes at Irish statutory rate of 12.5% (2018:12.5%; 2017:12.5%)
$
53,374 $
45,577 $
Foreign and other income taxed at higher rates
Research & development tax incentives
Movement in valuation allowance
Effects of change in tax rates
(Decrease)/increase in unrecognized tax benefits
Impact of stock compensation
Impact of deemed repatriation under US Tax Reform
Other
7,356
(893)
(10)
359
(1,273)
(7,383)
—
(397)
7,649
(1,243)
5,667
(147)
(5,423)
(8,301)
—
(1,821)
41,007
6,324
(830)
1,329
925
933
(9,917)
7,694
(896)
Provision for income taxes
$
51,133 $
41,958 $
46,569
In 2017, income tax expense included non-recurring items related to US Tax Reform (H.R.1). The income tax expense
recognized in respect of deemed repatriation of historic earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries owned by our U.S. subsidiaries was $7.7
million. The income tax expense recognized in respect of the change in the US federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% was $0.5
million (included in “Effects of change in tax rates” above).
122
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
are presented below:
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment
Right-of-use-asset
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities recognized
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss and tax credits carryforwards
Property, plant and equipment
Lease Liabilities
Accrued expenses and payments on account
Stock compensation
Deferred compensation
Unearned revenue
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets recognized
Overall net deferred tax asset
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
1,102 $
11,838
27,590
11,805
6,284
981
—
25,149
9,397
5,703
58,619
41,230
37,865
5,257
11,754
26,380
5,009
2,744
3,933
604
93,546
29,995
4,893
—
24,599
6,490
2,197
5,681
2
73,857
(27,721)
(27,263)
65,825
46,594
$
7,206 $
5,364
At December 31, 2019 the Company has recognized a deferred tax asset of $11.8 million and a deferred tax liability of
$11.8 million in respect of operating lease arrangements under which future tax deductions are attributable to the lease liability.
At December 31, 2019 Ireland subsidiaries had tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes that may be carried
forward indefinitely, available for offset against future tax liabilities, if any, of $6.5 million.
At December 31, 2019 U.S. subsidiaries had U.S. federal and state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of
approximately $22.2 million and $45.0 million, respectively. These NOLs are available for offset against future taxable income and
the expiry dates are shown in the table below. Of the $22.2 million U.S. federal NOLs, approximately $7.0 million is available for
offset against future U.S. federal taxable income in 2020. The subsidiary's ability to use the remaining U.S. federal and state NOL
carryforwards is limited on an annual basis due to change of ownership in 2014, 2017, and 2019, as defined by Section 382 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Of the U.S. federal NOLs, $20.2 million are limited by Section 382. Of the $20.2
million of losses, the amounts are available as follows: $10.0 million for the years 2020 - 2021, $9.8 million in 2022-2026, $0.4
million for the years 2027 – 2036. As at December 31, 2019, U.S subsidiaries also had disallowed interest carryforwards of $29.3
million that can be carried forward indefinitely. These carryforwards are available for offset against future taxable income in the
event that the U.S subsidiaries have excess capacity for interest deductions in future years.
At December 31, 2019 other than those in the U.S. and Ireland, we had operating loss carryforwards for income tax
purposes that may be carried forward indefinitely, available to offset against future taxable income, if any, of approximately $40.1
million. In addition at December 31, 2019 those subsidiaries had tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes that may be
carried forward indefinitely, available to offset against future tax liabilities, if any, of $5.1 million. At December 31, 2019 those
subsidiaries also had additional operating loss carryforwards of $16.2 million which are due to expire between 2020 and 2026 and
operating loss carryforwards of $19.1 million which are due to expire between 2027 and 2036.
123
The expected expiry dates of these US losses are as follows:
2022-2035
2037
Indefinite
Federal
NOL's
(in thousands)
State
NOL's
18,866 $
44,986
1,921
1,363
—
49
22,150 $
45,035
$
$
In addition, US subsidiaries have alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.3 million that are
available to reduce future U.S. federal regular income taxes through 2020. Any remaining alternative minimum tax credits will be
fully refundable in 2021. We also have general business tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.0 million that are available to
offset future U.S. federal and state income taxes. The general business tax credits are non-refundable and are due to expire between
the years 2026-2038.
The valuation allowance at December 31, 2019 was approximately $27.7 million. The valuation allowance for deferred tax
assets as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $27.3 million and $22.4 million respectively. The net change in the
total valuation allowance was an increase of $0.4 million during 2019 and an increase of $4.8 million during 2018. Of the total
increase of $0.4 million in 2019, $Nil resulted in current year income tax benefit and $0.4 million was recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income. Of the total increase of $4.8 million in 2018, $5.6 million resulted in a current year income tax expense,
and $0.8 million was recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.
The valuation allowances at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were primarily related to operating losses and
tax credits carried forward that, in the judgment of management, are not more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the
realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred
tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable
income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal
of deferred tax liabilities and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. In respect of deferred tax assets not subject
to a valuation allowance, management considers that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized on the
basis that there will be sufficient reversals of deferred tax liabilities and taxable income in future periods. During 2018, the Company
recognized a valuation allowance of $6.2 million in respect of disallowed interest carryforwards generated during the year as
management does not consider it more likely than not that the Company will have sufficient capacity with which to utilize these
losses. During 2019, $3.4 million of this valuation allowance was released following a refinancing of the group's US subsidiaries.
The Company has recognized a deferred tax liability of $5.4 million (2018: $4.9 million) for investments in foreign subsidiaries
where the Company does not consider the earnings to be indefinitely reinvested. For the deferred tax liability not recognized in
respect of temporary differences related to investments in foreign subsidiaries which are considered to be indefinitely reinvested,
it is not practicable to calculate the exact unrecognized deferred tax liability, however it is not expected to be material as Ireland
allows a tax credit in respect of distributions from foreign subsidiaries at the statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction of the subsidiary
so that no material tax liability would be expected to arise in Ireland in the event these earnings were ever remitted. In addition,
withholding taxes applicable to remittances from foreign subsidiaries would not be expected to be material given Ireland’s tax treaty
network and the EU parent subsidiary directive.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of total unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Unrecognized tax benefits at start of year
Increase related to prior year tax positions
Decrease related to prior year tax positions
Increase related to current year tax positions
Settlements
Lapse of statute of limitations
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
21,433 $
23,720 $
26,620
—
—
1,588
(347)
(2,518)
2,084
(2,915)
3,065
(182)
(4,339)
—
(3,050)
4,765
(2,523)
(2,092)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year
$
20,156 $
21,433 $
23,720
The relevant statute of limitations for unrecognized tax benefits totaling $3.8 million could potentially expire during 2020.
124
Included in the balance of total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019 were potential benefits of $20.2 million,
which if recognized, would affect the effective rate on income tax from continuing operations. The balance of total unrecognized
tax benefits at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included potential benefits which, if recognized, would affect the effective
rate of income tax from continuing operations of $21.4 million and $23.7 million respectively.
Interest and penalties recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 amounted to $Nil (2018: net expense of $1.3
million, 2017: net expense of $0.9 million) and are included within the income tax expense. Total accrued interest and penalties as
of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $1.1 million and $1.1 million respectively and are included in closing income
taxes payable at those dates.
Our major tax jurisdictions are the United States and Ireland. We may potentially be subjected to tax audits in both our
major jurisdictions. In the United States, tax periods open to audit include the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31,
2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. In Ireland, tax periods open to audit include the years ended December 31,
2015, December 31, 2016, December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. During such audits, local tax
authorities may challenge the positions taken by us in our tax returns.
14. Restructuring charges
No restructuring charge was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Restructuring charges
Net charge
Prior Period Restructuring Charges
December 31,
2019
Year Ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
— $
12,490 $
7,753
— $
12,490 $
7,753
A restructuring charge of $12.5 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018, under a restructuring
plan adopted following a review of operations. The restructuring plan reflected resource rationalization across the business to
improve resource utilizations, resulting in a charge of $9.7 million and office consolidation resulting in the recognition of an onerous
lease obligation of $2.8 million. No additional charge was recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.
Total provision recognized
Utilized
Provision at December 31, 2018
Utilized
Provision at December 31, 2019
Workforce
reductions
Onerous
Lease
(in thousands)
$
$
$
9,684 $
(5,399)
4,285 $
(3,554)
731 $
2,806 $
(672) $
2,134 $
(1,228)
906 $
Total
12,490
(6,071)
6,419
(4,782)
1,637
125
A restructuring charge of $7.8 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017, under a restructuring
plan adopted following a review of operations. The restructuring plan reflected resource rationalization across the business to
improve resource utilization. No additional charge was recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.
Restructuring charges
Utilized
Provision at December 31, 2017
Utilized
Provision at December 31, 2018
Utilized
Provision at December 31, 2019
Workforce
reductions
(in thousands)
$
$
$
$
7,753
(4,656)
3,097
(1,015)
2,082
(2,082)
—
At December 31, 2019 $1.2 million is included within other liabilities and $0.4 million within non-current other liabilities.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is not party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that the Company believes could reasonably be
expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
Operating Leases
The Company has several non-cancelable operating leases, primarily for facilities, that expire over the next twelve years.
These leases generally contain renewal options and require the Company to pay all executory costs such as maintenance and
insurance.
The Company transitioned to ASC 842 'Leases' (ASC 842) with effect from January 1, 2019 under the cumulative effect
adjustment approach (see note 28 - Impact of changes in accounting policies). Under this transition method, ASC 842 is applied
from January 1, 2019 without restatement of comparative period amounts. Results for the year ended December 31, 2018 and
December 31, 2017 are therefore presented under the previous leasing accounting principles, ASC 840 'Leases' (ASC 840).
Pursuant to ASC 840, the Company recognized $40.3 million and $44.0 million in rental expense, including rates, for the
years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 respectively. Future minimum rental commitments for operating leases
with non-cancelable terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Total
Minimum rental
payments
(in thousands)
32,634
26,839
21,306
15,781
10,829
19,194
126,583
See note 22 - Operating leases for rental expense and future minimum rental commitments pursuant to ASC 842 for the
year ended and as of December 31, 2019.
126
16. Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue disaggregated by customer profile is as follows:
Top client
Clients 2-5
Clients 6-10
Clients 11-25
Other
Total
Year ended
December
31, 2019
December
31, 2018
December
31, 2017
(in thousands)
$
350,287 $
352,335 $
503,875
704,963
347,832
529,713
873,044
671,723
385,741
461,351
724,627
505,818
348,841
421,759
622,028
$2,805,839
$2,595,777
$2,402,321
Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 reflect revenue under ASC 606. Revenue
for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects gross revenue (including reimbursable costs) under ASC 605.
Our customers have similar profiles and economic characteristics, and therefore have similar degrees of risk and
growth opportunities.
17. Accounts receivable, unbilled revenue (contract assets) and unearned revenue or payments on account (contract
liabilities)
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue are as follows:
Billed services (accounts receivable)
Unbilled services (unbilled revenue)
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue
Allowance for doubtful accounts (note 18)
December
31, 2019
December
31, 2018
(in thousands)
$
535,088
$
423,680
422,769
957,857
(7,380)
362,926
786,606
(8,889)
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue, net
$
950,477
$
777,717
Unbilled services and unearned revenue or payments on account (contract assets and liabilities) were as follows:
(in thousands, except percentages)
December
31, 2019
December
31, 2018
$ Change
% Change
Unbilled services (unbilled revenue)
Unearned revenue (payments on account)
Net balance
$
$
422,769
$
362,926
$
59,843
(366,988)
(274,468)
(92,520)
16.5%
33.7%
55,781
$
88,458
$
(32,677)
36.9%
Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related
to our contracts with customers. We record assets for amounts related to performance obligations that are satisfied but not yet
billed and/or collected. These assets are recorded as unbilled revenue and therefore contract assets rather than accounts receivables
when receipt of the consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Liabilities are recorded for amounts
that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations or billed in advance of the revenue being earned.
Unbilled services/revenue balances arise where invoicing or billing is based on the timing of agreed milestones related to
service contracts for clinical research. Contractual billing arrangements in respect of certain reimbursable expenses (principally
investigators) require billing by the investigator to the Company prior to billing by the Company to the customer. As there is no
contractual right of set-off between unbilled services (contract assets) and unearned revenue (contract liabilities), each are separately
presented gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
127
The most significant impact of application of ASC 606 was the measurement of a clinical trial service as a single performance
obligation recognized over time. We concluded that ICON is the contract principal in respect of both direct services and in the use
of third parties (principally investigator services) that support a clinical trial. The progress towards completion for clinical service
contracts is measured based on total project costs (including reimbursable costs). Reimbursable expenses are included within
direct costs on adoption of ASC 606 and are recorded based on activity undertaken by the third party. Amounts owed to investigators
and others in respect of reimbursable expenses at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $142.6 million and $85.6
million (see note 7 - Other liabilities).
Unbilled services as at December 31, 2019 increased by $59.8 million as compared to December 31, 2018. Unearned
revenue increased by $92.5 million over the same period resulting in a decrease of $32.7 million in the net balance of unbilled
services and unearned revenue or payments on account between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. These fluctuations
are primarily due to timing of payments and invoicing related to the Group's clinical trial management contracts. Billings and payments
are established by contractual provisions including predetermined payment schedules which may or may not correspond to the
timing of the transfer of control of the Company's services under the contract. Unbilled services arise from long-term contract when
a cost-based input method of revenue recognition is applied and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer.
The bad debt expense recognized on the Group's receivables and unbilled services was $0.4 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2019.
As of December 31, 2019 approximately $5.3 billion of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future in respect of
unsatisfied performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 48% of the unrealized
performance obligation over the next twelve months, with the remainder recognized thereafter over the duration of the customer
contracts.
18. Provision for Doubtful Debts
The Company does business with most major international pharmaceutical companies. Provision for doubtful debts at
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 comprises:
Opening provision
Amounts used during the year
Amounts provided during the year
Amounts released during the year
Foreign exchange
Closing provision
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
8,889 $
—
1,691
(3,226)
26
8,930
(995)
3,083
(2,355)
226
$
7,380 $
8,889
19. Business Segment and Geographical Information
The Company is a clinical research organization ("CRO"), providing outsourced development services on a global basis
to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries. It specializes in the strategic development, management and
analysis of programs that support all stages of the clinical development process - from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical
studies. The Company has the expertise and capability to conduct clinical trials in most major therapeutic areas on a global basis
and has the operational flexibility to provide development services on a stand-alone basis or as part of an integrated "full service"
solution. The Company has expanded predominately through internal growth, together with a number of strategic acquisitions to
enhance its expertise and capabilities in certain areas of the clinical development process.
The Company determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is internally provided to the
chief operating decision maker, the (‘CODM’) in accordance with ASC 280 'Segment Reporting'. The Company determined that the
CODM was comprised of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.
The Company operates as one business segment, which is the provision of outsourced development services on a global
basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical devices industries.
Revenues are allocated to individual entities based on where the work is performed in accordance with the Company's
global transfer pricing model. Revenues and income from operations in Ireland are a function of our global contracting model and
the Group’s transfer pricing model.
128
Given ICON Clinical Research Limited's ("ICON Ireland") role in the development and management of the Group, it's
ownership of key intellectual property, customer relationships, its key role in the mitigation of risks faced by the Group, plus the
responsibility for maintaining the Group's global network, ICON Ireland acts as the group entrepreneur and enters into the majority
of the Company's customer contracts. As such, ICON Ireland remunerates most of the other operating entities ("cost plus service
providers") in the ICON Group on the basis of a guaranteed cost plus mark-up for the services they perform in each of their local
territories.
The cost plus mark-up for each ICON entity is established to ensure that each of ICON Ireland and the ICON entities in
the various geographical areas that are involved in the conduct of services for customers, earn an appropriate arms-length return
having regard to the assets owned, risks borne and functions performed by each entity from these intercompany transactions. The
cost plus mark-up policy is reviewed annually to ensure that it is market appropriate.
Under this method, the residual operating profits (or losses) of the Group, once the cost plus service providers have been
paid their respective intercompany service fee, are retained by ICON Ireland. The geographic split of revenue disclosed for each
region outside Ireland is the cost plus revenue attributable to these entities. The revenues disclosed as relating to Ireland are the
net revenues after deducting the cost plus revenues attributable to the activities performed outside Ireland.
The Company's areas of operation outside of Ireland include the United States, United Kingdom, Belgium, Bulgaria, France,
Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, The
Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, India, China (including Hong Kong), Japan,
Singapore, South Korea, The Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
There have been no changes to the basis of segmentation or the measurement basis for the segment results since the
prior year.
Reportable segment information at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31,
2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:
a) The distribution of revenue by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
Year ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
(in thousands)
$
1,252,834 $
1,066,200 $
388,916
892,497
271,592
379,883
894,978
254,716
Restated*
944,130
355,552
881,829
220,810
$
2,805,839 $
2,595,777 $
2,402,321
* 2017 restated to reflect gross revenue.
b) The distribution of income from operations, including restructuring and other items, by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
314,287 $
257,089 $
232,032
37,997
60,272
20,850
36,280
58,561
21,427
26,493
58,322
21,491
$
433,406 $
373,357 $
338,338
129
c) The distribution of income from operations, excluding restructuring and other items, by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
314,287 $
269,196 $
240,115
37,997
60,272
20,850
36,904
58,340
21,407
26,351
58,164
21,461
$
433,406 $
385,847 $
346,091
d) The distribution of long-lived assets (including right-of-use assets (year ended December 31, 2019 only)), net, by geographical
area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
110,522 $
106,206
41,970
72,578
44,994
9,807
25,535
17,121
$
270,064 $
158,669
e) The distribution of depreciation, amortization and reduction in carrying value of the right-of-use assets (year ended December
31, 2019 only) by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
f) The distribution of total assets by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
130
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
30,635 $
34,721 $
14,370
33,922
12,995
5,331
21,605
4,259
26,277
6,857
24,246
3,917
$
91,922 $
65,916 $
61,297
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
1,323,181 $
1,073,411
660,797
755,271
168,263
514,010
646,512
120,322
$
2,907,512 $
2,354,255
g) The distribution of capital expenditures (including right-of-use assets (year ended December 31, 2019 only)) by geographical
area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
32,526 $
30,942 $
13,971
18,638
15,010
2,590
9,311
5,554
24,468
2,819
11,027
6,403
$
80,145 $
48,397 $
44,717
h) The following table sets forth the clients which represented 10% or more of the Company's revenue in each of the periods set
out below.
Year ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
12%
10%
14%
—%
21%
—%
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
3,674 $
2,242
111
832
2,620 $
1,750
17
372
1,084
1,222
16
24
$
6,859 $
4,759 $
2,346
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
38,788 $
29,096 $
4,234
1,571
6,540
(434)
3,761
9,535
20,345
1,921
14,772
9,531
$
51,133 $
41,958 $
46,569
Client A
Client B
i) The distribution of interest income by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
j) The distribution of the income tax charge by geographical area was as follows:
Ireland
Rest of Europe
U.S.
Other
Total
131
20. Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)
21. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Currency translation adjustments
Currency impact on long term funding
Actuarial loss on defined benefit pension plan (note 9)
Unrealized capital gain – investments (note 3)
Realized gain on interest rate hedge
Amortization of interest rate hedge
Total
22. Operating leases
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
December 31,
2017
$
$
13,059 $
29,836 $
13,060 $
18,558 $
13,094
12,305
Year ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(in thousands)
$
(64,023) $
(62,710)
(7,726)
(5,226)
231
4,658
(3,733)
(5,016)
(3,000)
(450)
4,658
(2,810)
$
(75,819) $
(69,328)
Lease costs recorded under operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 were as follows:
Operating lease costs
Income from sub-leases
Net operating lease costs
Year ended
December 31, 2019
$
$
34,759
(1,761)
32,998
Of the total cost of $33.0 million incurred in the year ended December 31, 2019, $30.5 million is recorded within selling,
general and administration costs and $2.5 million is recorded within direct costs.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Group did not incur any costs related to variable lease payments.
The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $106.5 million
at January 1, 2019. Additional right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the year ended December 31,
2019 totaled $29.5 million. The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate at December 31, 2019
were 5.19 years and 2.91%, respectively.
132
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Thereafter
Total future minimum lease payments
Lease imputed interest
Total
Minimum rental
payments
(in thousands)
28,320
25,315
19,433
14,053
8,839
17,264
113,224
(8,311)
104,913
$
$
Operating lease liabilities are presented as current and non-current. Operating lease liabilities of $28.3 million have been
included in other liabilities as at December 31, 2019.
23. Debt – Senior Notes
In December 2015 the Company issued $350 million in the private placement market which is due for repayment in 2020.
The interest rate in respect of these Senior Notes is fixed at 3.64% for the five year term. The interest cost is recognized in interest
expense in the period since drawdown in December 2015.
In October 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate hedge in respect of the planned issuance of the Senior Notes
in December 2015. The interest rate hedge matured in November 2015 when the interest rate on the Senior Notes was fixed. The
interest rate hedge was effective in accordance with ASC 815 'Derivatives and Hedging'. The cash proceeds ($4.6 million),
representing the realized gain on the interest rate hedge, were received on maturity in November 2015 and are recorded within
Other Comprehensive Income. The realized gain is being amortized to the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the term
of the Senior Notes (net against interest payable).
The Senior Notes agreement also includes certain financial covenants that require compliance with a consolidated leverage
ratio, a minimum EBIT to consolidated net interest charge ratio and a maximum amount of priority debt, each of which are defined
in the Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2019.
The Senior Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold
in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.
We regularly evaluate our financing arrangements and related market conditions. We are evaluating the opportunity to
extend or modify our existing arrangements or pursue additional financing arrangements that may result in the issuance of new
debt securities by us or our affiliates. Cash and short-term investments were $569.9 million at December 31, 2019.
24. Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements
Impact of new accounting pronouncements adopted during fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842 'Leases' (ASC 842) with a date of initial application of January 1, 2019. The lease
accounting policy applied in preparation of the results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 therefore reflect application
of ASC 842. ICON adopted the standard using the cumulative-effect adjustment approach. Under this transition method, ICON has
applied the new standard as at the date of initial application (i.e. January 1, 2019), without restatement of comparative period
amounts. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard is recorded as an adjustment to the opening Consolidated Balance
Sheet as at the date of initial application (see note 28 - Impact of change in accounting policies). The comparative information has
not been adjusted and therefore the results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 continue to be reported
under ASC 840 'Leases' (ASC 840).
The new standard requires lessees to recognize the rights and obligations resulting from virtually all leases on the balance
sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets with corresponding lease liabilities.
133
The most significant impact of application of the new standard for ICON relates to the recognition of ROU assets and lease
liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for operating leases for certain property, vehicles and equipment. Prior to application
of ASC 842, costs in respect of operating leases were charged to the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line
basis over the lease term. A lease liability and ROU asset have been recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at January
1, 2019 of $106.5 million (see note 28 - Impact of change in accounting policies). The net operating cost of leases recorded in the
year ended December 31, 2019 is $33.0 million (see note 22 - Operating leases).
Pursuant to certain practical expedients available as part of adopting ASC 842, ICON has not reassessed; whether existing
or expired contracts are or contain leases, the classification of existing or expired leases, or whether unamortized initial direct costs
meet the new definition of initial direct costs under ASC 842. Additionally, ICON has elected to use hindsight in determining the
lease term and in assessing impairment of ROU assets, if any.
ICON determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Finance leases, if any, are depreciated on the same basis as
property, plant and equipment. At December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Group did not account for any leases as finance
leases.
Operating leases are included in operating ROU assets, other liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities on our
Consolidated Balance Sheets with the lease charge recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets and lease
liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement
date or date of transition. Our lease terms may also include options to extend or terminate. ICON actively reviews options to extend
or terminate leases and adjusts the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The
ROU asset is adjusted for any prepayments made at the date of commencement and any initial direct costs incurred. As most of
ICON's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the discount rate used is based on the rate of traded corporate bonds available at
the commencement date adjusted for country risk, liquidity and lease term.
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the depreciable lives of the corresponding fixed assets or the
lease term including any applicable renewals. Certain property leases include variable lease payments resulting from periodic rent
increases based on an index which are recognized as incurred in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
ICON accounts for lease and non-lease components separately with lease components flowing through the Consolidated
Balance Sheets and non-lease components expensed directly to the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other
We have reviewed the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) accounting pronouncements and interpretations
thereof that have effective dates during the periods reported. The following relevant ASUs have also been adopted in 2019:
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12 'Derivatives and Hedging - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for
Hedging Activities (Topic 815)'. The updated guidance expands an entity’s ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components
and reduce complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure
and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented
in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance also eases certain documentation and assessment
requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Entities will apply
the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective
approach. The presentation and disclosure requirements apply prospectively. This ASU was effective for public business entities,
for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 'Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic
480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part
II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and
Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception' under which down round features will not cause
certain equity-linked financial instruments to be accounted for as derivatives. A company that presents EPS information will reflect
the effect of a down round feature of free-standing equity-linked financial instruments in EPS only if it is triggered. The ASU was
effective for public business entities, for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption
of this ASU did not impact on the financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 'Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the test for goodwill
impairment' which requires an entity to no longer perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment.
Instead, impairment will be measured using the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. The
ASU is effective for public businesses, that are SEC filers, for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this ASU from 1 January 2018. The adoption of this ASU did
not have a significant impact on the financial statements.
134
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09 'Codification Improvements'. This amendment makes changes to a variety
of topics to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The transition
and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments do not require
transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance of ASU 2018-09. The amendments effective upon issuance did not have a
material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. A majority of the amendments do have transition guidance
with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which expands the scope of ASC 718 'Compensation—Stock
Compensation' (ASC 718) to include share based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and
more closely aligns the accounting for employee and nonemployee share-based payments. This ASU was effective for public
business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did
not impact on the financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive
income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This ASU was effective for all entities
for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, which provided technical corrections and improvements to ASU No.
2016-01 'Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities'. The amendments clarify certain aspects of the guidance issued in update 2016-01. The ASU was effective for public
business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on
the financial statements.
Impact of new accounting pronouncements which will be adopted during fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 'Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326)', which
significantly changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated
credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life. The update provides guidance on the measurement of credit losses for
most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The amendment replaces
the current incurred loss impairment approach with a methodology to reflect expected credit losses and requires consideration of
a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to explain credit loss estimates. The updated guidance is to be applied
on a modified retrospective approach and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after
December 15, 2019 for public business entities that are SEC filers. The adoption of Topic 326 is not expected to have a significant
impact on the financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15 'Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software: Customer’s
Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (Topic 350)'. The
amendments in the update align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is
a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software
(and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The ASU is effective for public businesses, that are SEC
filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years and is to be applied either
retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 is not
expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 'Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820)'. The updated
guidance requires entities to disclose changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income
for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to
develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Amendments in this guidance also require disclosure of transfers into and out of Level
3 of the fair value hierarchy, purchases and issues of Level 3 assets and liabilities, and clarify that the measurement uncertainty
disclosure is about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The guidance removes requirements to disclose the
amounts and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, policy for timing between of transfers between levels, and the
valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods
within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures.
The adoption of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
135
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-08 'Codification Improvements—Share-Based Consideration Payable to
a Customer'. The amendments in this update require that an entity measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to
a customer by applying the guidance in ASC 718. The amount recorded as a reduction of the transaction price is required to be
measured on the basis of the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment award in accordance with ASC 718. The grant date
is the date at which a grantor (supplier) and a grantee (customer) reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions
of a share-based payment award. The classification and subsequent measurement of the award are subject to the guidance in ASC
718 unless the share-based payment award is subsequently modified and the grantee is no longer a customer. The amendments
in this update are effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU
2019-08 is not expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.
Impact of other new accounting pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 'Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans (Topic 715)'.
The updated guidance requires additional disclosures of weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and an
explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation. Amendments in the guidance
also clarify the requirement to disclose the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in
excess of plan assets. The same disclosure is needed for the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets
for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The guidance removes certain previous disclosure requirements no longer considered
cost beneficial. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The
Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 'Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740)'. The
amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in
Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending
existing guidance. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.
No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements.
25. Related Parties
Subsidiaries of the Company earned revenue of $95,000 (December 31, 2018: $633,000) from DS Biopharma Limited
(formerly Dignity Sciences Limited) during the year. Dr. John Climax is Chief Executive Officer and both Dr. John Climax and Dr.
Ronan Lambe are Directors and shareholders of DS Biopharma Limited. $36,000 was recorded as due from DS Biopharma Limited
at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $338,000). Dr Ronan Lambe resigned as a Director of ICON plc on July 24, 2018. The
contract terms were agreed on an arm’s length basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, personal expenses totaling $178,000 were settled by the Company on behalf
of Mr. Ciaran Murray. Payment was received in advance from Mr. Murray in respect of these expenses. The Company transferred
ownership of an asset at fair value ($77,000) to Mr. Ciaran Murray effective November 1, 2017. Payment was received in full in
January 2018.
On July 22, 2016, Mr. Thomas Lynch retired as a Director of the Company, having previously resigned as Chairman of the
Company in March 2016. The terms of the consultancy agreement expired on July 31, 2019. A charge of $151,360 was recorded
during 2019 in respect of consultancy services provided by a company controlled by Mr. Lynch (December 31, 2018: $274,519).
There were no amounts due to Mr. Lynch at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: $64,000).
26. Net income per ordinary share
Basic net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group has been computed by dividing net income available to
ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted net income per ordinary share is computed by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
during the period for all potentially dilutive ordinary shares outstanding during the period and adjusting net income for any changes
in income or loss that would result from the conversion of such potential ordinary shares.
There is no difference in net income used for basic and diluted net income per ordinary share.
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group includes the adjustment to reflect the accretion
of the noncontrolling interest in MeDiNova to its redemption value.
136
The reconciliation of the number of shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share
is as follows:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for
basic net income per ordinary share
Effect of dilutive share options outstanding
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for
diluted net income per ordinary share
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
53,859,537
473,924
54,118,764
671,899
54,129,439
719,607
54,333,461
54,790,663
54,849,046
The reconciliation between net income attributable to the Group per the Statement of Operating Income and the net
income used to calculate net income per ordinary share attributable to the Group is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to the Group
$
373,986
322,656 $
281,488
Noncontrolling interest adjustment to redemption amount
Net income attributable to the Group (including NCI
redemption adjustment)
(5,048)
—
—
368,938
322,656
281,488
Net income per Ordinary Share attributable to the Group
(including NCI redemption adjustment):
Basic
Diluted
$
$
6.85 $
6.79 $
5.96 $
5.89 $
5.20
5.13
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
27. Subsequent Events
On January 22, 2020 a subsidiary of the Company, ICON Investments Limited acquired 100% of the equity share capital
of MedPass International ("MedPass"). The initial consideration on acquisition is $39.2 million. The opening balance sheet remains
under preparation and our initial estimate of the net assets of MedPass is approximately $9.2 million. MedPass is the leading
European medical device CRO, regulatory and reimbursement consultancy, that specializes in medical device development and
market access. The acquisition of MedPass further enhances ICON’s Medical Device and Diagnostic Research Services, through
the addition of new regulatory and clinical capabilities in Europe. The integration of MedPass’s services brings noted expertise in
complex class 3 medical devices, interventional cardiology and structural heart devices.
On January 14, 2020, the Company announced the intention to buyback up to 1.0 million shares during 2020 depending
on cash commitments. All ordinary shares that are redeemed under the buyback program will be canceled in accordance with the
constitutional documents of the Company and the nominal value of these shares transferred to an undenominated capital fund as
required under Irish Company law.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the Balance Sheet date through February 27, 2020, the date at
which the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. The Company has determined that there are no items,
other than the item described above, to disclose.
137
28. Impact of change in accounting policies
Leases
The new leasing standard (ASU No. 2016-02 'Leases') was issued in February 2016. ASC 842 'Leases' (ASC 842)
supersedes the requirements in ASC 840 'Leases' (ASC 840) and requires that lessees recognize rights and obligations from
virtually all leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease) on their Balance Sheets as right-of-use assets
with corresponding lease liabilities. The ASU also provides additional guidance on how to classify leases and how to determine the
lease term for accounting purposes. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11 'Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements',
which provides the option to adopt the standard retrospectively for each prior period presented, as initially set out in ASU No.
2016-02, or as of the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.
ASC 842 became effective for ICON plc with effect from January 1, 2019. ICON adopted the new standard as of January
1, 2019 under the cumulative effect adjustment approach. Under this transition method, the new standard is applied from January
1, 2019 without restatement of comparative period amounts. Results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31,
2017 are therefore presented under the previous leasing accounting principles, ASC 840. Operating lease liabilities and right-of-
use assets have been recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as at January 1, 2019 of $106.5 million.
There is no impact of adopting ASC 842 on opening retained earnings at January 1, 2019.
Revenue
In the previous financial year, the Company adopted ASC 606 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' (ASC 606) on
January 1, 2018. The new revenue recognition policies were applied in the preparation and presentation of the results for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2018 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. As ICON adopted the standard using the
cumulative effect transition method, there was no restatement of comparative amounts. Therefore, the results for the year ended
December 31, 2017 and previously reflect the provisions of ASC 605 'Revenue Recognition'.
The most significant impact of application of the new standard was the measurement of a clinical trial service as a single
performance obligation recognized over time. We concluded that ICON is the contract principal in respect of both direct services
and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support the clinical trial. The progress towards completion for
clinical service contracts is measured based on total project costs (direct fees are therefore inclusive of third party costs). Revenue
is our primary measure of performance on adoption of ASC 606. In common with others in the sector, our results previously separately
identified that revenue stream which related to services provided by third parties. Those services were previously separately identified
as reimbursable expenses and presented separately in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Reimbursable expenses are
included within direct costs on adoption of ASC 606. Throughout the document revenue as reported on adoption of ASC 606 is
referred to as revenue. Revenue as reported for the years ended December 31, 2017 and previously are gross revenues (inclusive
of revenue from reimbursable expenses) or net revenues (exclusive of revenue from reimbursable expenses). This treatment is
consistent with the adoption of ASC 606 from January 1, 2018 without restatement of comparatives.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract were also considered on adoption of ASC 606. Commission costs of $12
million were recognized as an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in respect of those contracts that exceed one year. Where
commission costs relate to contracts that are less than one year, the practical expedient is applied as the amortization period of
the asset which would arise on deferral would be one year or less.
138
SIGNATURES
The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized
the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
ICON plc
/s/ Brendan Brennan
Brendan Brennan
Chief Financial Officer
Date February 27, 2020
139
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Title
2.1*
3.1
12.1*
12.2*
21.1
23.1*
Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
Description of the Constitution of the Company (incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.2 to the Form 6K
(File No. 333-08704) filed on July 25, 2016).
Section 302 certifications.
Section 906 certifications.
List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Item 4 of Form 20-F filed herewith).
Consent of KPMG, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
101.1*
Interactive Data Files (XBRL – Related Documents)
* Filed herewith
140
[This page intentionally left blank]
[This page intentionally left blank]
Form 20-F
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
ICON plc Corporate Headquarters
South County Business Park
Leopardstown, Dublin 18
Ireland
T: (IRL) +353 1 291 2000
T: (US) +1 215 616 3000
F: +353 1 247 6260
ICONplc.com/contact
About ICON
ICON plc is a global provider of outsourced drug and device development and commercialisation services to
pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and government and public health organisations. The company
specialises in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support clinical development
- from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. With headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, ICON currently,
operates from 99 locations in 40 countries. Further information is available at ICONplc.com/contact
© 2020 ICON plc. All rights reserved.
Washington, D.C. 20549 for the
year ended December 31, 2019