IES Holdings, Inc. Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF1934For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018or ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACTOF 1934For the transition period from to Commission File Number 1-13783 IES Holdings, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 76-0542208(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization) (I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)5433 Westheimer Road, Suite 500, Houston, Texas, 77056(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 860-1500Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registeredCommon Stock, par value $0.01 per shareRights to Purchase Preferred Stock NASDAQ Global MarketNASDAQ Global MarketSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NoneIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 ofRegulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, tothe best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or anyamendment to this Form 10-K. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or anemerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growthcompany” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.: Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with anynew or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates as of March 31, 2018, was approximately $125.2 million. OnDecember 5, 2018, there were 21,205,536 shares of common stock outstanding.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCECertain information contained in the Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Registrant to be held on February 6, 2019, isincorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Table of ContentsFORM 10-KIES HOLDINGS, INC.Table of Contents Page PART I DEFINITIONS 1 DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 1 Item 1 BUSINESS 3 Item 1A RISK FACTORS 13 Item 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 22 Item 2 PROPERTIES 22 Item 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 22 Item 4 MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 22 PART II Item 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OFEQUITY SECURITIES 23 Item 6 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 25 Item 7 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 26 Item 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 44 Item 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 46 Item 9 CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 85 Item 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 85 Item 9B OTHER INFORMATION 85 PART III Item 10 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 86 Item 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 86 Item 12 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERMATTERS 86 Item 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 87 Item 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 87 PART IV Item 15 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 88 SIGNATURES 92 Table of ContentsPART IDEFINITIONSIn this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “IES”, the “Company”, the “Registrant”, “we”, “our”, “ours” and “us” refer to IES Holdings, Inc. and,except as otherwise specified herein, to our subsidiaries.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10-K includes certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A ofthe Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, all of which are based upon variousestimates and assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable as of the date hereof. In some cases, you can identify forward-lookingstatements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,”“predict,” “potential,” “pursue,” “target,” “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements involve risks anduncertainties that could cause the Company’s actual future outcomes to differ materially from those set forth in such statements. Such risks anduncertainties include, but are not limited to: • the ability of our controlling shareholder to take action not aligned with other shareholders; • the sale or disposition of the shares of our common stock held by our controlling shareholder, which, under certain circumstances, would triggerchange of control provisions in our severance plan or financing and surety arrangements, or any other substantial sale of our common stock,which could depress our stock price; • the possibility that certain tax benefits of our net operating losses may be restricted or reduced in a change in ownership or a further change in thefederal tax rate; • the potential recognition of valuation allowances or further write-downs on deferred tax assets; • the inability to carry out plans and strategies as expected, including our inability to identify and complete acquisitions that meet our investmentcriteria in furtherance of our corporate strategy, or the subsequent underperformance of those acquisitions; • limitations on the availability of sufficient credit or cash flow to fund our working capital needs and capital expenditures and debt service; • difficulty in fulfilling the covenant terms of our credit facilities, including liquidity, EBITDA and other financial requirements, which couldresult in a default and acceleration of our indebtedness under our revolving credit facility; • the possibility that we issue additional shares of common stock or convertible securities that will dilute the percentage ownership interest ofexisting stockholders and may dilute the book value per share of our common stock; • the relatively low trading volume of our common stock, which could depress our stock price; • competition in the industries in which we operate, both from third parties and former employees, which could result in the loss of one or morecustomers or lead to lower margins on new projects; • future capital expenditures and refurbishment, repair and upgrade costs; and delays in and costs of refurbishment, repair and upgrade projects; • a general reduction in the demand for our services; • our ability to enter into, and the terms of, future contracts; 1Table of Contents • success in transferring, renewing and obtaining electrical and other licenses; • challenges integrating new businesses into the Company or new types of work, products or processes into our segments; • credit and capital market conditions, including changes in interest rates that affect the cost of construction financing and mortgages, and theinability for some of our customers to retain sufficient financing which could lead to project delays or cancellations; • backlog that may not be realized or may not result in profits; • the possibility of errors when estimating revenue and progress to date on percentage-of-completion contracts; • uncertainties inherent in estimating future operating results, including revenues, operating income or cash flow; • complications associated with the incorporation of new accounting, control and operating procedures; • closures or sales of facilities resulting in significant future charges, including potential warranty losses or other unexpected liabilities, or asignificant disruption of our operations; • an increased cost of surety bonds affecting margins on work and the potential for our surety providers to refuse bonding or require additionalcollateral at their discretion; • fluctuations in operating activity due to downturns in levels of construction or the housing market, seasonality and differing regional economicconditions; • our ability to successfully manage projects; • inaccurate estimates used when entering into fixed-priced contracts; • the cost and availability of qualified labor and the ability to maintain positive labor relations; • our ability to pass along increases in the cost of commodities used in our business, in particular, copper, aluminum, steel, fuel and certainplastics; • a change in the mix of our customers, contracts or business; • increases in bad debt expense and days sales outstanding due to liquidity problems faced by our customers; • the recognition of potential goodwill, long-lived assets and other investment impairments; • potential supply chain disruptions due to credit or liquidity problems faced by our suppliers; • accidents resulting from the physical hazards associated with our work and the potential for accidents; • the possibility that our current insurance coverage may not be adequate or that we may not be able to obtain a policy at acceptable rates; • the possibility that our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent all possible errorsthat could occur; • disagreements with taxing authorities with regard to tax positions we have adopted; • the recognition of tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions; • the effect of litigation, claims and contingencies, including warranty losses, damages or other latent defect claims in excess of our existingreserves and accruals; • growth in latent defect litigation in states where we provide residential electrical work for home builders not otherwise covered by insurance; • interruptions to our information systems and cyber security or data breaches; 2Table of Contents • liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment; and • loss of key personnel and effective transition of new management.You should understand that the foregoing, as well as other risk factors discussed in this document, including those listed in Part I, Item 1A of this reportunder the heading “Risk Factors,” could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those experienced previously or those expressed in suchforward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any information, including information concerning ourcontrolling shareholder, net operating losses, borrowing availability or cash position, or any forward-looking statements to reflect events orcircumstances that may arise after the date of this report. Forward-looking statements are provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to thesafe harbor established under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and should be evaluated in the context of the estimates,assumptions, uncertainties and risks described herein. Item 1.BusinessOVERVIEWIES Holdings, Inc. is a holding company that owns and manages operating subsidiaries in business activities across a variety of end-markets. Ouroperations are currently organized into four principal business segments, based upon the nature of our current services: • Commercial & Industrial — Provider of electrical and mechanical design, construction, and maintenance services to the commercial andindustrial markets in various regional markets and nationwide in certain areas of expertise, such as the power infrastructure market. • Communications — Nationwide provider of technology infrastructure services to large corporations and independent businesses. • Infrastructure Solutions — Provider of electro-mechanical solutions for industrial operations, including apparatus repair and custom-engineered products. • Residential — Regional provider of electrical installation services for single-family housing and multi-family apartment complexes.Our businesses are managed in a decentralized manner. While sharing common goals and values, each of the Company’s segments manages its ownday-to-day operations. Our corporate office is focused on significant capital allocation decisions, investment activities and selection of segmentleadership, as well as strategic and operational improvement initiatives and the establishment and monitoring of risk management practices within oursegments.IES Holdings, Inc. is a Delaware corporation established in 1997 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, with an executive office in Greenwich,Connecticut.CORPORATE STRATEGYWe seek to create shareholder value through improving operating margins and generating free cash flow by investing in our existing businesses andcompleting acquisitions. We seek to acquire or invest in stand-alone platform companies based in North America or acquire businesses thatstrategically complement our existing business segments. In evaluating potential acquisition candidates, we seek to invest in businesses with, amongother characteristics: • proven management with a willingness to continue post-acquisition; 3Table of Contents • low technological and/or product obsolescence risk; • established market position and sustainable competitive advantages; and • strong cash flow characteristics.We believe that acquisitions provide an opportunity to expand into new end markets and diversify our revenue and profit streams, which we expectwill allow us to maximize the value of our significant net operating loss tax carry forwards (“NOLs”). While we may use acquisitions to build ourpresence in the industries we serve, we will also consider potential acquisitions in other industries, which could result in changes in our operationsfrom those historically conducted by us.Controlling ShareholderA majority of our outstanding common stock is owned by Tontine Associates, L.L.C. and its affiliates (collectively, “Tontine”). Based on a Form 4filed on October 3, 2018, Tontine owns approximately 59 percent of the Company. As a result, Tontine can control most of our affairs, including mostactions requiring the approval of shareholders, such as the approval of any potential merger or sale of all or substantially all assets, segments, or theCompany itself. Most of Tontine’s shares are registered for resale on a shelf registration statement filed by the Company with the United StatesSecurities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Tontine’s sale of all or any portion of its shares could result in a change of control, which wouldtrigger the change of control provisions in a number of our material agreements, including our credit facility, bonding agreements with our sureties andour executive severance plan. For more information see Note 3, “Controlling Shareholder” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.Net Operating Loss Tax Carry Forward and Other Deferred Tax AssetsThe Company and certain of its subsidiaries have an estimated federal net operating loss (“NOL”) of approximately $355.3 million at September 30,2018, including approximately $133.3 million resulting from the additional amortization of personal goodwill.In fiscal 2016, we released a significant valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. An inability to generate sufficient taxable income in futureperiods to realize our deferred tax assets may lead to the recording of additional valuation allowances in future periods and a reduction in incomeunder accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”)was enacted which, among other things, reduced the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of this change,the Company’s statutory rate for fiscal 2018 was a blended rate of 24.53% and will decrease to 21% thereafter. For the year ended September 30, 2018,our effective tax rate differed from the statutory tax rate as a result of a charge of $31.3 million to re-measure our deferred tax assets and liabilities toreflect the estimated impact of the new statutory tax rate. Any future change in the federal statutory tax rate could also impact the economic benefit ofthe NOL and other deferred tax assets available to us and an additional charge or benefit to adjust the book value of the deferred tax asset recorded onour balance sheet.A change in ownership, as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382, could reduce the availability of NOLs for federal and state income taxpurposes. Should Tontine sell or otherwise dispose of all or a portion of its position in IES, a change in ownership could occur. In addition, a change inownership could result from the purchase of common stock by an existing or a new 5% shareholder as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382.Should a change in ownership occur, all net operating losses incurred prior to the change in ownership would be subject to limitation imposed byInternal Revenue Code Section 382, which would substantially reduce the amount of NOL currently available to offset taxable income. For moreinformation see Note 3, “Controlling Shareholder” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. 4Table of ContentsThe Company maintains a tax benefit protection plan (the “NOL Rights Plan”) which was designed to deter an acquisition of the Company’s stock inexcess of a threshold amount that could trigger a change of control within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 382.OPERATING SEGMENTSThe Company’s reportable segments consist of the consolidated business segments identified above, which offer different services and are managedseparately. The table below describes the percentage of our total revenues attributable to each of our four segments over each of the last three years: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 $ % $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Commercial & Industrial $274,299 31.3% $227,606 28.1% $222,466 32.0% Communications 219,655 25.1% 225,275 27.8% 189,635 27.2% Infrastructure Solutions 97,163 11.1% 83,824 10.3% 58,003 8.3% Residential 285,711 32.6% 274,039 33.8% 225,889 32.5% Total Consolidated $876,828 100.0% $810,744 100.0% $695,993 100.0% For additional financial information by segment, see Note 10, “Operating Segments” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.Commercial & IndustrialBusiness DescriptionOur Commercial & Industrial segment provides electrical and mechanical design, service, and construction services to commercial and industrialmarkets. Our design services range from budget assistance to providing design-build and LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)solutions to our end customers. Our maintenance and emergency services include critical plant shutdown, troubleshooting, emergency testing,preventative maintenance, and constant presence. Our construction services range from the initial planning and procurement to installation andstart-up and are offered to a variety of new and remodel construction projects, ranging from the construction of office buildings and industrial facilitiesto transmission and distribution projects. We also provide mechanical services such as maintenance agreements, installation, or replacement ofmechanical equipment for commercial and industrial facilities.This segment provides services for a variety of project types, including office buildings, manufacturing facilities, data centers, chemical plants,refineries, wind farms, solar facilities, municipal infrastructure and health care facilities. The Commercial & Industrial segment consists of 23 locations,which includes the segment headquarters in Houston, Texas. Geographically, these locations cover Texas, Nebraska, Oregon, Wisconsin, and theSoutheast and Mid-Atlantic regions.Industry OverviewGiven the diverse end-markets of our Commercial & Industrial customers, which include both commercial buildings, such as offices, healthcarefacilities and schools, and industrial projects, such as power, chemical, refinery and heavy manufacturing facilities, we are subject to many trendswithin the construction industry. In general, demand for our Commercial & Industrial services is driven by construction and renovation activity levels,economic growth, and availability of bank lending. Due to economic, technological or other factors, there can be no assurance that construction anddemand will increase. 5Table of ContentsSales and MarketingOur sales focus varies by location, but is primarily based upon regional and local relationships and a demonstrated expertise in certain areas, such asheavy industrial, design-build, agricultural, or transmission and distribution. Our maintenance and certain renovation and upgrade work tend to beeither recurring or experience lower sensitivity to economic cycles, or both. A significant portion of our larger projects are awarded from long-term,repeat customers. From time to time, we are contracted on projects with completion times extending beyond one year or over several years, which aregenerally more complex and difficult to estimate.With a focus on quality service offerings, our long-term strategy is to continue to be one of the preferred providers of electrical and mechanical servicesin the markets where we have demonstrated expertise and/or are a local market leader. Key elements of our long-term strategy include leveraging ourexpertise in certain niche markets, expanding our service and maintenance business, attracting and retaining highly qualified employees, andmaintaining our focus on returns on risk adjusted capital.CompetitionThe electrical and mechanical contracting services industry is generally highly competitive and includes a number of regional or small privately-heldlocal firms. Traditionally, competitors in certain parts of this market have faced few barriers to entry. Our strategy is to pursue projects where our accessto capital and expertise provide a competitive advantage.Industry expertise, project size, location and past performance will determine our bidding strategy, the level of involvement from competitors and ourlevel of success in winning awards. Our primary advantages vary by location and market, but mostly are based upon local individual relationships withkey customers or a demonstrated industry expertise. Additionally, due to the size of many of our projects, our financial resources help us competeeffectively against local competitors.Seasonality and Quarterly FluctuationsThe effects of seasonality on our Commercial & Industrial business are insignificant, as work generally is performed inside structures protected from theweather. Most of our service and maintenance business is also generally not affected by seasonality. However, the construction industry hashistorically been highly cyclical. Our volume of business may be adversely affected by declines in construction projects resulting from adverseregional or national economic conditions. Quarterly results may also be materially affected by the timing of new construction projects. Accordingly,operating results for any fiscal period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved for any subsequent fiscal period.CommunicationsBusiness DescriptionOriginally established in 1984, our Communications segment is a leading provider of network infrastructure solutions for data centers and othermission critical environments. Our services include the design, installation and maintenance of network infrastructure to leading and recognizableglobal technology, social networking and e-commerce brands, including many Fortune 100 and 500 corporations. We serve a variety of industries andend-markets, including data centers for colocation and managed hosting customers; corporate, educational, financial, hospitality and healthcarebuildings, e-commerce distribution centers; and high-tech manufacturing facilities. We also provide the design and installation of audio/visual,telephone, fire, wireless access and intrusion alarm systems, as well as design/build, service and maintenance of data network systems. We performservices across the United States from our 13 offices, which includes the segment headquarters located in Tempe, Arizona, and also provide dedicatedonsite teams at our customers’ sites. 6Table of ContentsDuring fiscal 2018, we expanded our geographic offerings into the Pacific Northwest market with the acquisition of Azimuth Communications, Inc.(“Azimuth”).Industry OverviewOur Communications segment is driven by demand increases for computing and storage resources as a result of technology advancements andobsolescence and changes in data consumption patterns. The data center market remains strong, and the needs of several of our large customers aregrowing rapidly. Additionally, we are continuing to expand our offerings in this market to broaden our customer base. Demand has also been growingfor our audio-visual and other building technology offerings. Nevertheless, due to economic, technological and other factors, there can be no assurancethat demand will continue to increase.Sales and MarketingOur sales strategy relies on a concentrated business development effort, with centralized marketing programs and direct end-customer communicationsand relationships. Due to the mission critical nature of the facilities we service, our end-customers significantly rely upon our past performance record,technical expertise and specialized knowledge. A significant portion of our Communications business volume is generated from long-term, repeatcustomers, some of whom use IES as a preferred provider for major projects.Our long-term strategy is to improve our position as a preferred solutions and services provider to large national corporations and strategic localcompanies. Key elements of our long-term strategy include continued investment in our employees’ technical expertise and expansion of our onsitemaintenance and recurring revenue model, as well as opportunistic acquisitions of businesses that serve our markets, consistent with our statedcorporate strategy.CompetitionOur competition consists of both large national or regional competitors and small, privately owned contractors who have limited access to capital. Wecompete on quality of service and/or price and seek to emphasize our long history of delivering high quality solutions to our customers.Seasonality and Quarterly FluctuationsThe effects of seasonality on our Communications business are insignificant, as work generally is performed inside structures protected from theweather. Our service and maintenance business is also generally not affected by seasonality. However, communications infrastructure spending hashistorically been highly cyclical. Our volume of business may be adversely affected by declines in projects resulting from adverse regional or nationaleconomic conditions. Quarterly results may also be materially affected by the timing of new construction projects. Accordingly, operating results forany fiscal period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved for any subsequent fiscal period.Infrastructure SolutionsBusiness DescriptionOur Infrastructure Solutions segment provides electro-mechanical solutions for industrial operations to domestic and international customers. Oursolutions include the maintenance and repair of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electric motors and generators, as well as powergenerating and distribution equipment; the manufacture of custom-engineered, metal enclosed bus duct solutions used in power distribution; themanufacture of custom commercial and industrial generator enclosures; the manufacture, remanufacture, and repair of industrial lifting magnets; andmaintenance and repair of railroad main and auxiliary generators, main alternators, and traction motors. 7Table of ContentsThis segment serves the steel, railroad, marine, petrochemical, pulp and paper, wind energy, mining, automotive, power generation, scrap yards, datacenter, and utility industries. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment is comprised of 10 locations and is headquartered in Ohio. These segment locationsgeographically cover Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia and California.Industry OverviewGiven the diverse end-markets of Infrastructure Solutions’ customers, we are subject to many economic trends. In general, demand for our services hasbeen driven by growth in industries, such as data centers, in-house maintenance departments continuing to outsource maintenance and repair work,output levels and equipment utilization at heavy industrial facilities, railroad companies’ and mass transit authorities’ capital investments and repairneeds, investment in the United States’ aging energy and industrial infrastructure, demand for critical power applications, that have high powerdemands and require dependable power supplies, and the overall health of the economy.Sales and MarketingDemand for Infrastructure Solutions’ services is largely driven by the degree to which industrial and mechanical services are outsourced by ourcustomers, production rates at steel mills, investments in power generation, other heavy industrial facilities, data centers, and the need for electricalinfrastructure improvements. Our sales efforts are primarily driven by personnel based at our operating locations, as well as independent salesrepresentatives. Given that the majority of our apparatus repair customers are located within a 200-mile radius of our facilities, we believe that thisstructure allows us to rapidly address and respond to the needs of our customers. Our custom-engineered bus system and generator enclosure productsand services are principally sold in partnership with an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) or to an engineering, procurement and constructionfirm on behalf of the end-user. Our long term strategy is to be the preferred solutions provider of outsourced electro-mechanical services, repairs, andmanufacturing to our select markets and a leader in custom-engineered metal enclosed bus systems.CompetitionOur competition is comprised mainly of small, specialized manufacturing and repair shops, a limited number of other multi-location providers ofelectric motor repair, engineering and maintenance services, and various OEMs. Participants in this industry compete primarily on the basis ofcapabilities, service, quality, timeliness and price. We believe that we have a competitive advantage due to our breadth of capabilities, focus onquality, technical support, customer service, and financial resources.Seasonality and Quarterly FluctuationsInfrastructure Solutions’ revenues from industrial services may be affected by the timing of scheduled outages at its industrial customers’ facilities andby weather conditions with respect to projects conducted outdoors, but the effects of seasonality on revenues in its industrial services business areinsignificant. Infrastructure Solutions’ quarterly results may fluctuate, and the results of one fiscal quarter may not be representative of the results ofany other quarter or of the full fiscal year.ResidentialBusiness DescriptionOriginally established in 1973, our Residential segment is a leading provider of electrical installation services for single-family housing and multi-family apartment complexes and cable television installations for residential and light commercial applications. In addition to our core electricalconstruction work, the Residential segment also 8Table of Contentsprovides services for the installation of residential solar power, both for new construction and existing residences. The Residential segment is made upof 31 total locations, which include the segment headquarters in Houston, Texas. These locations geographically cover the Sun-Belt, Western andMid-Atlantic regions of the United States.During fiscal 2018, we expanded our geographic offerings into the Salt Lake City market with the acquisition of Electrical Contractors North, Inc.(“ECNI”).Industry OverviewOur Residential business is closely correlated to the single and multi-family housing market. Although demand for both single-family and multi-familyhousing has increased in recent years, due to economic, technological or other factors, there can be no assurance that overall construction and demandwill continue to increase in the future.Sales and MarketingDemand for our Residential services is highly dependent on the number of single-family and multi-family home starts in the markets we serve.Although we operate in multiple states throughout the Sun-Belt, Mid-Atlantic and Western regions of the United States, the majority of our single-family revenues are derived from services provided in Texas. The Texas market also remains an important part of our multi-family business; however,the majority of our multi-family revenue is earned across the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. Our sales efforts include a variety of strategies, including aconcentrated focus on national and regional homebuilders and multi-family developers and a local sales strategy for single and multi-family housingprojects. Our cable and solar revenues are typically generated through third parties specializing in these industries who select us as a preferred providerof installation services. A significant portion of our Residential business volume is generated from long-term, repeat customers, some of whom use IESas a preferred provider for major projects.Our long-term strategy is to continue to be a leading provider of electrical services to the residential market. The key elements of our long-term strategyinclude a continued focus on maintaining a low and variable cost structure and cash generation, allowing us to effectively scale according to thehousing cycle, and to opportunistically increase our market share.CompetitionOur competition primarily consists of small, privately owned contractors who have limited access to capital. We believe that we have a competitiveadvantage over these smaller competitors due to our key employees’ long-standing customer relationships, our financial capabilities, and our localmarket knowledge and competitive pricing. There are few barriers to entry for electrical contracting services in the residential markets.Seasonality and Quarterly FluctuationsResults of operations from our Residential segment can be seasonal, depending on weather trends, with typically higher revenues generated duringspring and summer and lower revenues during fall and winter. Our service and maintenance business is generally not affected by seasonality. Inaddition, the construction industry has historically been highly cyclical. Our volume of business may be adversely affected by declines in multi-familyoccupancy rates as well as single-family housing starts within our operational footprint. Quarterly results may also be materially affected by the timingof new construction projects. Accordingly, operating results for any fiscal period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved for anysubsequent fiscal period.SOURCES OF SUPPLYThe raw materials and components we use within our segments include, but are not limited to, electrical fixtures and system components, copper,aluminum, and raw steel. These raw materials and components are generally 9Table of Contentsavailable from a variety of domestic suppliers at competitive prices. Delivery times are typically short for most raw materials and standard components,but during periods of peak demand, may extend to one month or more. Our strategy to reduce commodity cost exposure includes early buying ofcommodities for particular projects or general inventory, as well as including escalation and escape provisions in project bids, quotes and contractswherever possible. However, such protections may not be included in every contract or project, and in such cases, we may not be fully reimbursed forincreases in commodity prices by our customers and may be exposed to commodity price volatility on longer-term projects where we have prepaid forcommodities.RISK MANAGEMENTThe primary risks in our existing operations include project bidding and management, bodily injury, property and environmental damage, andconstruction defects. We monitor project bidding and management practices at various levels within the Company. We maintain automobile, generalliability and construction defect insurance for third party health, bodily injury and property damage, as well as pollution coverage and workers’compensation coverage, which we consider appropriate to insure against these risks. Our third-party insurance is subject to deductibles for which weestablish reserves. In light of these risks, we are also committed to a strong safety and environmental compliance culture. We employ full-time and part-time regional safety managers, under the supervision of our full-time Senior Vice President of Safety, and seek to maintain standardized safety andenvironmental policies, programs, procedures and personal protection equipment relative to each segment, including programs to train new employees,which apply to employees new to the industry and those new to the Company. We are also subject to cyber security and information theft risks in ouroperations, which we seek to manage through a cyber and information security program, training and insurance coverage. Given the dynamic andevolving nature of cyber threats, we cannot be assured that we are protected against all such threats.In the electrical contracting industry, our ability to post surety bonds provides us with an advantage over competitors that are smaller or have fewerfinancial resources. We believe that the strength of our balance sheet, as well as a good relationship with our bonding providers, enhances our ability toobtain adequate financing and surety bonds, although there can be no assurance that surety bonding coverage will be available when we need it. For afurther discussion of our risks, please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.CUSTOMERSWe have a diverse customer base. During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of ourconsolidated revenues. We emphasize developing and maintaining relationships with our customers by providing superior, high-quality service.Management at each of our segments is responsible for determining sales strategies and sales activities.BACKLOGBacklog is a measure of revenue that we expect to recognize from work that has yet to be performed on uncompleted contracts and from work that hasbeen contracted but has not started, exclusive of short-term projects. While all of our backlog is supported by documentation from customersauthorizing the performance of future work, this backlog is not a guarantee of future revenues, as contractual commitments may change and ourperformance may vary. Not all of our work is performed under contracts included in backlog; for example, most of the apparatus repair work that iscompleted by our Infrastructure Solutions segment is performed under master service agreements on an as-needed basis. Additionally, electricalinstallation services for single-family housing 10Table of Contentsat our Residential segment are completed on a short-term basis and are therefore excluded from backlog. The table below summarizes our backlog bysegment: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 (Dollars in millions) Commercial & Industrial $206 $140 Communications 94 69 Infrastructure Solutions 76 39 Residential 106 83 Total $482 $331 While our entire backlog is supported by documentation from customers authorizing the performance of future work, backlog is not a guarantee offuture revenues as contractual commitments may change. We expect that $369 million of our September 30, 2018 backlog will result in revenue duringfiscal 2019, with the remaining $113 million expected to be realized in fiscal 2020; however, there can be no assurance that this backlog will becompleted within expected time frames or at all. The increase in our backlog year over year was driven by strong demand and increased market sharewithin each of our segments.REGULATIONSOur operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations, including: • licensing requirements applicable to electricians and mechanical service technicians; • building and electrical codes; • regulations relating to worker safety, labor relations and protection of the environment; • regulations relating to consumer protection, including those governing residential service agreements; and • qualifications of our business legal structure in the jurisdictions where we do business.Many state and local regulations governing electricians and mechanical services require permits and licenses to be held by individuals. In some cases,a required permit or license held by a single individual may be sufficient to authorize specified activities for all our electricians or mechanical servicetechnicians who work in the state or county that issued the permit or license. While we seek permits or licenses, where available, that may be materialto our operations in a particular geographic area to be held by multiple employees within that area, given the large number of permits and licensesrequired, we are unable to ensure that multiple employees hold such required permits and licenses.We believe we have all licenses required to conduct our operations and are in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Failure to complywith applicable regulations could result in substantial fines or revocation of our operating licenses or an inability to perform government work.CAPITAL FACILITIESDuring fiscal year 2018, the Company maintained a revolving credit facility, as further described in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis ofFinancial Condition and Results of Operations — The Revolving Credit Facility” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of theCompany’s capital resources, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity andCapital Resources” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 11Table of ContentsFINANCIAL INFORMATIONFor information on the Company’s financial information by segment, see Note 10, “Operating Segments” in the notes to our Consolidated FinancialStatements.EMPLOYEESAt September 30, 2018, we had 4,564 employees. We are party to two collective bargaining agreements within our Infrastructure Solutions segment.We have not experienced, and do not expect, any work stoppage, and we believe that our relationship with our employees is strong.LOCATIONSAs of September 30, 2018, we have 79 domestic locations serving the United States. In addition to our 2 executive and corporate offices, as ofSeptember 30, 2018, we have 23 locations within our Commercial & Industrial business, 13 locations within our Communications business, 10locations within our Infrastructure Solutions business and 31 locations within our Residential business. This diversity helps to reduce our exposure tounfavorable economic developments in any given region.EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANTCertain information with respect to each executive officer is as follows:Robert W. Lewey, 57, has served as a Director of the Company since May 2016 and as President of the Company since May 2015. He previously servedas Interim Chief Operating Officer of the Company from January 2015 to May 2015 while continuing to serve as Senior Vice President, Chief FinancialOfficer and Treasurer of the Company, a role he had held from January 2012 to May 2015. From 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to January 2012,Mr. Lewey served as Director of Tax, Vice President, Tax and Treasurer for IES. From 2006 to 2007, he served as Vice President, Tax for Sulzer USHoldings, Inc. From 1995 to 2001, Mr. Lewey served as Vice President, Tax for Metamor Worldwide, Inc., a leading provider of informationtechnology solutions. Mr. Lewey began his career with Deloitte LLP.Tracy A. McLauchlin, 49, has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company since May 2015. She previouslyserved as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company since February 2014. Prior to joining IES, Ms. McLauchlin served as VicePresident and Chief Accounting Officer of Rockwater Energy Solutions, Inc. from June 2011 to November 2013. From June 2004 to June 2011,Ms. McLauchlin was with Dynegy Inc., where she served as Senior Vice President and Controller from March 2009 to June 2011 and from June 2004 toMarch 2009 served in various other capacities in finance and accounting.Gail D. Makode, 43, has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since October 2012. Ms. Makode previously servedin various legal positions at MBIA Inc. and its subsidiaries from 2006 to 2012, including as General Counsel and Member of the Board at MBIAInsurance Corporation and Chief Compliance Officer of MBIA Inc. Prior to MBIA, Ms. Makode served as Vice President and Counsel for DeutscheBank AG from 2003 to 2006, and before that, was an Associate at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, where she specialized in public and privatesecurities offerings and mergers and acquisitions.We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Financial Executives that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principalaccounting officer. The Code of Ethics may be found on our website at 12Table of Contentswww.ies-co.com. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code of Ethics or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision ofthe Code to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer, we will disclose the nature of such amendment orwaiver on that website or in a report on Form 8-K. Paper copies of these documents are also available free of charge upon written request to us.AVAILABLE INFORMATIONGeneral information about us can be found on our website at www.ies-co.com under “Investor Relations.” We file our interim and annual financialreports, as well as other reports required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with the SEC.Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments and exhibits to thosereports are available free of charge through our website as soon as it is reasonably practicable after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Youmay also contact our Investor Relations department and they will provide you with a copy of these reports, or you may find them atwww.ies-corporate.com/sec-filings. The materials that we file with the SEC are also available free of charge through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.In addition to the Code of Ethics for Financial Executives, we have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors, officers andemployees (the Legal Compliance and Corporate Policy Manual), and established Corporate Governance Guidelines and adopted charters outliningthe duties of our Audit, Human Resources and Compensation and Nominating/Governance Committees, copies of which may be found on our website.Paper copies of these documents are also available free of charge upon written request to us. We have designated an “audit committee financial expert”as that term is defined by the SEC. Further information about this designee may be found in the Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting ofStockholders of the Company.Item 1A. Risk FactorsYou should consider carefully the risks described below, as well as the other information included in this document before making an investmentdecision. Our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks, and the value ofyour investment may decrease due to any of these risks.Existence of a controlling shareholder.A majority of our outstanding common stock is owned by Tontine. Based on a Form 4 filed on October 3, 2018, by Tontine, Tontine ownsapproximately 59 percent of the Company’s common stock. As a result, Tontine can control most of our affairs, including the election of our directors,who in turn appoint executive management and can control most actions requiring the approval of shareholders, including the adoption ofamendments to our corporate charter and approval of any potential merger or sale of all or substantially all assets, segments, or the Company itself. Thiscontrol also gives Tontine the ability to bring matters to a shareholder vote that may not be in the best interest of our other shareholders orstakeholders. Additionally, Tontine is in the business of investing in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businessesthat compete directly or indirectly with us or act as suppliers or customers of the Company. Pursuant to a resale shelf registration statement filed by theCompany, Tontine has the ability to resell any or all of its registered shares from time to time in one or more offerings as long as the registrationstatement remains effective and the Company remains eligible to use it, as described further in the registration statement and in any prospectussupplement filed in connection with an offering pursuant to the shelf registration statement. Tontine’s sale of all or any portion of its shares couldresult in a change of control of the Company, which would trigger the change of control provisions in a number of our material agreements, includingour credit facility, bonding agreements with our sureties and our executive severance plan. 13Table of ContentsOur common stock has less liquidity than many other stocks listed on the NASDAQ Global Market.Historically, the trading volume of our common stock has been relatively low when compared to larger companies listed on the NASDAQ GlobalMarket or other stock exchanges. While we have experienced increased liquidity in our stock during recent years compared with historical levels, wecannot say with certainty that a more active and liquid trading market for our common stock will continue to develop. Because of this, it may be moredifficult for shareholders to sell a substantial number of shares for the same price at which shareholders could sell a smaller number of shares.Availability of net operating losses may be reduced by a change in ownership.A change in ownership, as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382, could reduce the availability of NOLs, for federal and state income taxpurposes. Should Tontine sell or otherwise dispose of all or a portion of its position in IES, a change in ownership could occur. A change in ownershipcould also result from the purchase of common stock by an existing or a new 5% shareholder as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382. As ofSeptember 30, 2018, we have approximately $222.0 million of federal NOLs that are available to use to offset taxable income, exclusive of NOLs fromthe amortization of additional tax goodwill. Should a change in ownership occur, all NOLs incurred prior to the change in ownership would be subjectto limitation imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 382, which would substantially reduce the amount of NOL currently available to offsettaxable income.The Company maintains an NOL Rights Plan, which was designed to deter an acquisition of the Company’s stock in excess of a threshold amount thatcould trigger a change of control within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The NOL Rights Plan is designed to dilute the ownershipof such an acquirer through the offering of rights to the Company’s other stockholders that will become exercisable upon the acquirer’s purchase of theCompany’s stock in excess of the threshold amount. We can make no assurances the NOL Rights Plan will be effective in deterring a change in controlor protecting or realizing NOLs.We have recognized deferred tax assets based upon our estimates of future taxable income, and we may recognize tax expense if there is areduction in the statutory tax rate or if future taxable income is lower than our estimates.As of September 30, 2018, we have a net deferred tax asset of $46.6 million on our consolidated balance sheet, of which $46.9 million is attributable toNOLs. To realize the full benefit of this deferred tax asset attributable to NOLs, we must generate sufficient taxable income within the applicable carryforward period to offset against NOLs. Under GAAP, we are required to assess whether we believe the benefit of the deferred tax asset is more likelythan not to be realized based on our expectation of generating sufficient future taxable income, and we are required to record a valuation allowance, oroffset, against our deferred tax asset based on the portion of the deferred tax asset that we believe is not more likely than not to be realized.If we are unable to generate sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize our NOLs, we could be required to record valuation allowances, resultingin an increase in income tax expense and a reduction of our consolidated net income. Failure to generate sufficient taxable income in the future couldalso result in the expiration of certain NOLs.In addition, we recorded a charge of $31.3 million during fiscal 2018 to reflect the impact of the reduced statutory federal corporate tax rate as a resultof the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which became effective on January 1, 2018, on the value of our net deferred tax asset on our consolidated balancesheet. Any further decrease in the federal statutory tax rate or other changes in federal tax statutes could also cause a reduction in the economic benefitof the NOL currently available to us and a corresponding reduction in the amount of our recorded deferred tax assets. 14Table of ContentsOur inability to carry out plans and strategies as expected, including our inability to identify and complete acquisitions that meet our investmentcriteria in furtherance of our corporate strategy or the subsequent underperformance of those acquisitions, may adversely impact our futuregrowth.Our corporate strategy involves creating shareholder value through acquiring or investing in stand-alone platform companies based in North Americaor acquiring businesses that we believe will strategically complement our existing business segments. While we believe that acquisitions will providean opportunity to expand into new end-markets and diversify our revenue and profit streams, potential acquisitions in new industries could result inchanges in our operations from those historically conducted by us and introduce the requirement for new controls. Alternatively our failure to diversifyfrom existing markets may limit our future growth. In addition, our investments may not perform as expected or may not generate a positive return oninvestment, due to factors we could not predict prior to the acquisition or due to incorrect investment assumptions.To service our indebtedness and to fund working capital, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends onmany factors that are beyond our control.Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness and to fund working capital requirements will depend on our ability to generatecash in the future. This is subject to our operational performance, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and otherfactors that are beyond our control.We cannot provide assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or asset sales or that future borrowings will beavailable to us under our credit facility in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may needto refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to refinance any of ourindebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our inability to refinance our debt on commercially reasonable terms could have a materialadverse effect on our business.We have restrictions and covenants under our credit facility and the failure to meet these covenants, including liquidity, EBITDA and otherfinancial requirements, could result in a default and acceleration of our indebtedness.We may not be able to remain in compliance with the covenants in our credit facility, including financial covenants which, among other things, requireminimum levels of liquidity and require us to maintain specified levels of EBITDA as defined under our credit facility if our availability under thefacility falls below specified levels. A failure to fulfill the terms and requirements of our credit facility may result in a default under our creditagreement and acceleration of our indebtedness, as well as a default under one or more of our material agreements, any of which could have a materialadverse effect on our ability to conduct our operations and our financial condition.We may issue additional shares of common stock or convertible securities that will dilute the percentage ownership interest of existingstockholders and may dilute the book value per share of our common stock.Our authorized capital includes 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of September 30, 2018, we had22,049,529 shares of common stock issued, 21,205,536 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. Wehave reserved for issuance 44,250 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable at a weighted average price of $6.39 per share. Inaddition, as of September 30, 2018, we had the ability to issue 1,113,476 shares of common stock pursuant to options and restricted stock that may begranted in the future under our existing equity compensation plans.Although we currently do not have any intention of issuing additional common stock (other than pursuant to our equity compensation plans), we maydo so in the future in order to meet our capital needs. Subject to applicable NASDAQ Listing Rules, our Board of Directors generally has the authority,without action by or vote of the 15Table of Contentsstockholders, to issue all or part of any authorized but unissued shares of common stock for any corporate purpose. We may seek additional equitycapital in the future as we develop our business and expand our operations. Any issuance of additional shares of common stock or convertiblesecurities will dilute the percentage ownership interest of our stockholders and may dilute the book value per share of our common stock.Substantial sales of our common stock could adversely affect our stock price.Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by holders of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, couldadversely affect the market price of our common stock by introducing a large number of shares into the market. Such sales, or the perception that suchsales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We cannot predict whether future sales of our common stock, or theavailability of our common stock for sale, will adversely affect the market price for our common stock or our ability to raise capital by offering equitysecurities.The highly competitive nature of our industries could affect our profitability by reducing our profit margins.With respect to electrical contracting services, the industries in which we compete are highly fragmented and are served by many small, owner-operatedprivate companies. There are also several large private regional companies and a small number of large public companies from which we facecompetition in these industries. In the future, we could also face competition from new competitors entering these markets because certain segments,such as our electrical contracting services, have a relatively low barrier for entry while other segments, such as our services for mission criticalinfrastructure, have attractive dynamics. Some of our competitors offer a greater range of services, including mechanical construction, facilitiesmanagement, plumbing and heating, ventilation and air conditioning services. Competition in our markets depends on a number of factors, includingprice. Some of our competitors may have lower overhead cost structures and may, therefore, be able to provide services comparable to ours at lowerrates than we do. If we are unable to offer our services at competitive prices or if we have to reduce our prices to remain competitive, our profitabilitywould be impaired.The markets in which Infrastructure Solutions does business are highly competitive, and we do not expect the level of competition that we face todecrease in the future. An increase in competitive pressures in these markets or our failure to compete effectively (including efficiently managing futurecapital expenditures and refurbishment, repair and upgrade costs) may result in pricing reductions, reduced gross margins, and loss of market share.Some of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, more customers, and significantly greater financial, marketing,technical, and other competitive resources than we have. These competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new technologies and changes incustomer needs or devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of their services. While we believe Infrastructure Solutions’ overallproduct and service offerings distinguish it from its competitors, these competitors could develop new products or services that could directly competewith Infrastructure Solutions’ services.A failure to secure new contracts may adversely affect our cash flows and financial results.Much of our revenue is derived from projects that are awarded through a competitive bid process. Contract bidding and negotiations are affected by anumber of factors, including our own cost structure and bidding policies. In addition, our ability to secure new contracts depends on our ability tomaintain all required electrical, construction, mechanical and business licenses. If we fail to successfully transfer, renew or obtain such licenses whereapplicable, we may be unable to compete for new business.The failure to bid and be awarded projects, cancellations of projects or delays in project start dates could affect our ability to deploy our assetsprofitably. Further, when we are awarded contracts, we face additional risks that could affect whether, or when, work will begin. We could experience adecrease in profitability if we are unable to replace canceled, completed or expired contracts with new work. 16Table of ContentsWe may be unsuccessful at integrating other companies that we may acquire, or new types of work, products or processes into our segments.We are actively seeking to engage in acquisitions of operations, assets and investments, or to develop new types of work or processes, and we may seekto engage in dispositions of certain operations, assets or investments from time to time. If we are unable to successfully integrate newly acquired assetsor operations or if we make untimely or unfavorable investments or dispositions, it could negatively impact the market value of our common stock.Additionally, any future acquisition, investment or disposition may result in significant changes in the composition of our assets and liabilities, and asa result, our financial condition, results of operations and the market value of our common stock following any such acquisition, investment ordisposition may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting our financial condition, results of operations and market value of ourcommon stock.The difficulties of integrating a business, assets or operations potentially will include, among other things: • geographically separated organizations and possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies; • significant demands on management resources, which may distract management’s attention from day-to-day business; • differences in the disclosure systems, compliance requirements, accounting systems, and accounting controls and procedures of theacquired company, which may interfere with our ability to make timely and accurate public disclosure; and • the demands of managing new locations, new personnel and new lines of business acquired.Challenges with disposing of businesses include fulfilling indemnification and contractual obligations associated with the purchases of such abusiness and appropriately valuing such a disposition.Demand for our services is cyclical and vulnerable to economic downturns affecting the industries we serve.Demand for our services has been, and will likely continue to be, cyclical in nature and vulnerable to downturns in the general economy, as well as inthe construction industry and the housing market. Many of our customers depend on the availability of credit to purchase our services or electrical andmechanical products. Prolonged uncertainties in, or the return of, constrained credit market conditions could have adverse effects on our customers,which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.Backlog may not be realized or may not result in profits.Customers often have no obligation under our contracts to assign or release work to us, and many contracts may be terminated on short notice.Reductions in backlog due to cancellation of one or more contracts by a customer or for other reasons could significantly reduce the revenue and profitwe actually receive from contracts included in backlog. In the event of a project cancellation, we may be reimbursed for certain costs, but typicallyhave no contractual right to the total revenues reflected in our backlog.Our use of percentage-of-completion accounting could result in a reduction or elimination of previously reported profits; we may be adverselyimpacted by new accounting, control and operating procedures.A significant portion of our revenues are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, utilizing the cost-to-cost method,which results in our recognizing contract revenues and earnings ratably over the contract term in proportion to our incurrence of contract costs. Theearnings or losses recognized on individual contracts are based on estimates of contract revenues, costs and profitability. We review our estimates ofcontract 17Table of Contentsrevenue, costs and profitability on an ongoing basis. Prior to contract completion, we may adjust our estimates on one or more occasions as a result ofchange orders to the original contract, collection disputes with the customer on amounts invoiced or claims against the customer for increased costsincurred by us due to customer-induced delays and other factors. Contract losses are recognized in full when determined to be probable and reasonablyestimable. Although we have historically made reasonably reliable estimates of the progress towards completion of our construction contracts, theuncertainties inherent in the estimating process make it possible for actual costs to vary materially from estimates, including reductions or reversals ofpreviously recorded revenues and profits. In addition, we may be adversely impacted by new accounting pronouncements which change our revenuerecognition or other accounting practices or otherwise alter how we report our financial results, or which require that we change our control andoperating procedures, which we may be unable to do in a timely manner.We may incur significant charges or be adversely impacted by the closure or sale of facilities or assets.In the past, we incurred significant costs associated with the closure or disposition of facilities, and we expect from time to time to evaluate the need forfuture facility closures or dispositions of assets. If we were to elect to dispose of a substantial portion of any of our segments, facilities, or assets, therealized values of such assets could be substantially less than current book values, which would likely result in a material adverse impact on ourfinancial results. In addition, we may have warranty claims or other unexpected liabilities from closed facilities beyond the closing date, which couldadversely impact our financial returns.The availability and cost of surety bonds affect our ability to enter into new contracts and our margins on those engagements.Many of our customers require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a surety. Those bonds guarantee the customer that we will performunder the terms of a contract and that we will pay subcontractors and vendors. We obtain surety bonds from two primary surety providers; however,there is no commitment from these providers to guarantee our ability to issue bonds for projects as they are required. Our ability to access this bondingcapacity is at the sole discretion of our surety providers. Accordingly, if we were to experience an interruption or reduction in our availability ofbonding capacity, we may be unable to compete for, or work on, certain projects.Due to seasonality and differing regional economic conditions, our results may fluctuate from period to period.Our business is subject to seasonal variations in operations and demand that affect the construction business, particularly in the Residential andCommercial & Industrial segments, as well as seasonal variations in the industries in which Infrastructure Solutions participates. Untimely weatherdelay from rain, heat, ice, cold or snow can not only delay our work but can negatively impact our schedules and profitability by delaying the work ofother trades on a construction site. Our quarterly results may also be affected by regional economic conditions that affect the construction market. Inparticular, a prolonged period of weak demand in the oil and gas industry could dampen the housing market in certain regions, resulting in reduceddemand for the services provided by our Residential segment. Infrastructure Solutions’ revenues from industrial services may be affected by the timingof scheduled outages at its industrial customers’ facilities, by weather conditions with respect to projects conducted outdoors, by data centerconstruction, and by changes in spending in public infrastructure, power and steel markets. Industrial and rail customers may also be affected byvolatility in oil prices. Accordingly, our performance in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that can be expected for any otherquarter or for the entire year.The estimates we use in placing bids could be materially incorrect. The use of incorrect estimates could result in reduced profits or in some caseslosses on fixed price contracts.We currently generate, and expect to continue to generate, a significant portion of our revenues under fixed price contracts. The cost of fuel, labor andmaterials, including copper wire or other commodities, may vary 18Table of Contentssignificantly from the costs we originally estimate. Variations from estimated contract costs along with other risks inherent in performing fixed pricecontracts, including our ability to successfully manage projects, may result in actual revenue and gross profits for a project differing from those weoriginally estimated and could result in losses on projects. Depending upon the size of a particular project, variations from estimated contract costs canhave a significant impact on our operating results.Commodity and labor costs may fluctuate materially, and we may not be able to pass on all cost increases during the term of a contract, whichcould have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain our profitability.We enter into many contracts at fixed prices, and if the costs associated with labor and commodities, such as copper, aluminum, steel, fuel and certainplastics, increase due to low supply or other forces, losses may be incurred. Some of our materials have been and may continue to be subject to suddenand significant price increases. Depending on competitive pressures and customer resistance, we may not be able to pass on these cost increases to ourcustomers, which would reduce our gross profit margins and, in turn, make it more difficult for us to maintain our profitability. We have a work force ofover 4,500 employees, and our labor costs may fluctuate based on supply as well as other labor related risks, including risks related to collectivebargaining agreements, benefits arrangements, wage and hour claims and other compensation arrangements.Changes in operating factors that are beyond our control could hurt our operating results.Our operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are beyond management’s control. Thesefactors include the costs of new technology; the relative speed and success with which we can acquire customers for our products and services; capitalexpenditures for equipment; sales, marketing, and promotional activities expenses; changes in suppliers and competitors; changes in operatingexpenses; increased competition in the markets we serve; changes in regulations; and other general economic and seasonal factors. Adverse changes inone or more of these factors could hurt our operating results.We may experience difficulties in managing our billings and collections.Our billings under fixed price contracts in our electrical contracting business are generally based upon achieving certain milestones and will beaccepted by the customer once we demonstrate those milestones have been met. If we are unable to demonstrate compliance with billing requests, or ifwe fail to issue a project billing, our likelihood of collection could be delayed or impaired, which, if experienced across several large projects, couldhave a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, some of our customers may be highly leveraged or may be subject to their ownoperating and regulatory risks, which may also limit their ability to pay.Our reported operating results could be adversely affected as a result of goodwill impairment charges.GAAP accounting requires that goodwill attributable to each of our reporting units be tested at least annually, or when changes in circumstanceindicate the carrying value of our reporting units may not be recoverable. Factors that could lead to impairment of goodwill include significant adversechanges in the business climate, declines in the financial condition of our business, and actual or projected operating results affecting our company asa whole or affecting any particular reporting unit. On an ongoing basis, we expect to perform impairment tests at least annually as of September 30.Impairment adjustments, if any, are required to be recognized as operating expenses. We cannot assure that we will not have future impairmentadjustments to our recorded goodwill.The vendors who make up our supply chain may be adversely affected by a deteriorating operating environment and credit market conditions.We are dependent upon the vendors within our supply chain to maintain a steady supply of inventory, parts and materials. Many of our segments aredependent upon a limited number of suppliers, and significant supply 19Table of Contentsdisruptions could adversely affect our operations. If market conditions deteriorate, resulting in a slowdown in construction activity or a tightening ofthe credit market, it is possible that one or more of our suppliers will be unable to meet our requirements due to financial hardships, liquidity issues orother reasons related to market conditions.Our operations are subject to numerous physical hazards. If an accident occurs, it could result in an adverse effect on our business.Hazards related to our industry include, but are not limited to, electrocutions, fires, injuries involving ladders, machinery-caused injuries, mechanicalfailures and transportation accidents. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property andequipment, and suspension of operations. Our insurance does not cover all types or amounts of liabilities. In addition, if our safety record were tosubstantially deteriorate over time, our customers could cancel our contracts or not award us future business.Our current insurance coverage may not be adequate, and we may not be able to obtain insurance at acceptable rates, or at all.Our third-party insurance is subject to deductibles for which we establish reserves. No assurance can be given that our insurance or our provisions forincurred claims and incurred but not reported claims will be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations; nor can weprovide assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at reasonable rates.Our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent all possible errors that could occur.Internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide onlyreasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objective will be met.On a quarterly basis we evaluate our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures, which include a review ofthe objectives, design, implementation and effectiveness of the controls and the information generated for use in our periodic reports. In the course ofour controls evaluation, we sought (and seek) to identify data errors, control problems and to confirm that appropriate corrective actions, includingprocess improvements, are being undertaken. This type of evaluation is conducted on a quarterly basis so that the conclusions concerning theeffectiveness of our controls can be reported in our periodic reports.A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectiveswill be satisfied. Internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures are designed to give reasonable assurance that theyare effective and achieve their objectives. We cannot provide absolute assurance that all possible future control issues have been detected. Theseinherent limitations include the possibility that our judgments can be faulty and that isolated breakdowns can occur because of human error or mistake.The design of our system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance thatany design will succeed absolutely in achieving our stated goals under all potential future or unforeseeable conditions. Because of the inherentlimitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error could occur without being detected.We have adopted tax positions that a taxing authority may view differently. If a taxing authority differs with our tax positions, our results may beadversely affected.Our effective tax rate and cash paid for taxes are impacted by the tax positions that we have adopted. Taxing authorities may not always agree with thepositions we have taken. We have established reserves for tax positions that we have determined to be less likely than not to be sustained by taxingauthorities. However, there can be no assurance that our results of operations will not be adversely affected in the event that disagreement over our taxpositions does arise. 20Table of ContentsLitigation and claims can cause unexpected losses.In all of our businesses, we are subject to potential claims and litigation, including contractual disputes, warranty claims, and claims related to ourcompliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Such claims and litigation are common in the construction and electrical and mechanicalmaintenance businesses and may be related to contract delays, changes in the scope of work or alleged defects. There are also inherent claims andlitigation risks associated with the number of people that work on construction sites and the fleet of vehicles on the road every day. In ourInfrastructure Solutions businesses, we also may be subject to product liability litigation. Claims are sometimes made and lawsuits filed for amounts inexcess of their value or in excess of the amounts for which they are eventually resolved. Claims and litigation normally follow a predictable course oftime to resolution. However, there may be periods of time in which a disproportionate amount of our claims and litigation are concluded in the samequarter or year. If multiple matters are resolved during a given period, then the cumulative effect of these matters may be higher than the ordinary levelin any one reporting period.Latent defect claims could expand.Latent defect litigation is normal for residential home builders in some parts of the country, as well as in certain areas of the commercial market. Anyincreases in our latent defect claims and litigation could place pressure on the profitability of the Residential and Commercial & Industrial segments ofour business.Interruptions in the proper functioning of our information systems, or security breaches of our information systems or confidential data coulddisrupt operations and cause increases in costs and/or decreases in revenues.As our Company continues to increase its dependence on information technology systems, networks, and infrastructure to conduct its day to dayoperations, the proper functioning and security of our information technology environment is critical to the successful operation of our business.Although our information systems, networks and infrastructure are protected through physical and software safeguards, our information technologyenvironment is still vulnerable to natural disasters, power losses, telecommunication failures, deliberate intrusions and other cybersecurity risks, andother problems, which could cause a loss of data, release of personally identifiable information or release of confidential customer information amongother items. If critical information systems fail or are otherwise unavailable or confidential information is released, our business operations could beadversely affected.We may be required to conduct environmental remediation activities, which could be expensive and inhibit the growth of our business and ourability to maintain profitability, particularly in our Infrastructure Solutions business.We are subject to a number of environmental laws and regulations, including those concerning the handling, treatment, storage, and disposal ofhazardous materials. These laws predominantly affect our Infrastructure Solutions business but may impact our other businesses. These environmentallaws generally impose liability on current and former owners and operators, transporters and generators of hazardous materials for remediation ofcontaminated properties. We believe that our business is operating in compliance in all material respects with applicable environmental laws, many ofwhich provide for substantial penalties for violations. There can be no assurance that future changes in such laws, interpretations of existingregulations or the discovery of currently unknown problems or conditions will not require substantial additional expenditures. In addition, if we do notcomply with these laws and regulations, we could be subject to material administrative, civil or criminal penalties, or other liabilities. We may also berequired to incur substantial costs to comply with current or future environmental and safety laws and regulations. Any such additional expenditures orcosts that we may incur could hurt our operating results. 21Table of ContentsThe loss of a group or several key personnel, either at the corporate or operating level, or general labor constraints could adversely affect ourbusiness.The loss of key personnel or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition andresults of operations. Our operations depend on the continued efforts of our executive officers, senior management and management personnel at oursegments. We cannot guarantee that any member of management at the corporate or subsidiary level will continue in their capacity for any particularperiod of time. We have a severance plan in place that covers certain of our senior leaders; however, this plan can neither guarantee that we will notlose key employees, nor prevent them from competing against us, which is often dependent on state and local employment laws. If we lose a group ofkey personnel or even one key person at a segment, we may not be able to recruit suitable replacements at comparable salaries or at all, which couldadversely affect our operations. Additionally, we generally do not maintain key man life insurance for members of our management. We also may beconstrained in hiring and retaining qualified employees due to historically low unemployment rates and general labor shortages in our industries.Continued labor constraints may limit our ability to grow and may limit our profitability due to the impact of rising wages. Item 1B.Unresolved Staff CommentsNone. Item 2.PropertiesAt September 30, 2018, we maintained branch offices, warehouses, sales facilities and administrative offices at 79 locations. Substantially all of ourfacilities are leased. We lease our executive office located in Greenwich, Connecticut and our corporate office located in Houston, Texas. We believethat our properties are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or replacement space will be available as required. For a breakdownof our offices by segment, see Item 1. “Business — Operating Segments” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 3.Legal ProceedingsFor further information regarding legal proceedings, see Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies — Legal Matters” in the notes to ourConsolidated Financial Statements. Item 4.Mine Safety DisclosuresNone. 22Table of ContentsPART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity; Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesOur common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market under the ticker symbol “IESC.”As of December 4, 2018, the closing market price of our common stock was $16.79 per share and there were approximately 356 holders of record.Stock Repurchase ProgramOur Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase from time to time of up to 1.5 million shares of the Company’scommon stock. Share purchases are made for cash in open market transactions at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions orotherwise. The timing and amount of purchases under the program are determined based upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements,contractual restrictions and other factors. All or part of the repurchases may be implemented under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, which allowsrepurchases under pre-set terms at times when the Company might otherwise be prevented from purchasing under insider trading laws or because ofself-imposed blackout periods. The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to purchase any specific number of shares and may bemodified, suspended or reinstated at any time at the Company’s discretion and without notice. The Company initiated the program in February 2015and during the year ended September 30, 2017, pursuant to the program, we repurchased 145,484 shares of common stock at an average price of $15.37per share for a total aggregate purchase price of $2.2 million. During the year ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 100,627 shares of commonstock at an average price of $15.41 per share for a total aggregate purchase price of $1.6 million. The Company had 724,804 shares remaining under itsstock repurchase authorization at September 30, 2018.The Company did not purchase any of its common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2018. 23Table of ContentsFive-Year Stock Performance GraphThe graph below compares the cumulative five year total return provided shareholders on IES Holdings, Inc.’s common stock relative to the cumulativetotal returns of the Russell 2000 index and a customized peer group of four companies that includes: Comfort Systems USA Inc., MYR Group Inc.,Sterling Construction Company Inc. and Team Inc. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in ourcommon stock, in each index, and in the peer group on September 30, 2013, and its relative performance is tracked through September 30, 2018. *$100 invested on 9/30/13 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.Fiscal year ending September 30. Year Ended September 30, 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IES Holdings, Inc. $100.00 203.20 190.15 438.18 426.11 480.30 Russell 2000 $100.00 103.93 105.23 121.51 146.71 169.07 Peer Group $100.00 89.77 99.86 117.58 134.98 174.63 24Table of ContentsItem 6.Selected Financial DataThe following selected consolidated historical financial information for IES should be read in conjunction with the audited historical ConsolidatedFinancial Statements of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries, and the notes thereto, set forth in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In Thousands, Except Share Information) Continuing Operations: Revenues $876,828 $810,744 $695,993 $573,857 $512,395 Cost of services 726,866 670,246 569,013 473,966 429,269 Gross profit 149,962 140,498 126,980 99,891 83,126 Selling, general and administrative expenses 123,920 120,370 100,558 81,416 75,571 Contingent consideration 103 (145) 652 — — Loss (gain) on sale of assets (15) (69) 810 (13) (86) Operating Income 25,954 20,342 24,960 18,488 7,641 Interest and other (income) expense: Interest expense 1,946 1,702 1,282 1,130 1,574 Other income, net (340) (165) (83) (180) (203) Income from operations before income taxes 24,348 18,805 23,761 17,538 6,270 Provision (benefit) for income taxes 38,151 5,211 (97,117) 661 748 Net income (loss) from continuing operations (13,803) 13,594 120,878 16,877 5,522 Discontinued operations: Loss from discontinued operations — — — (339) (198) Net loss discontinued operations — — — (339) (198) Net income (loss) (13,803) 13,594 120,878 16,538 5,324 Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (354) (172) (100) — — Net income (loss) attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $(14,157) $13,422 $120,778 $16,538 $5,324 Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to IES Holdings, Inc.: Continuing operations $(0.67) $0.62 $5.63 $0.79 $0.30 Discontinued operations 0.00 0.00 0.00 (0.02) (0.01) Total $(0.67) $0.62 $5.63 $0.77 $0.29 Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to IES Holdings, Inc.: Continuing operations $(0.67) $0.62 $5.62 $0.79 $0.30 Discontinued operations 0.00 0.00 0.00 (0.02) (0.01) Total $(0.67) $0.62 $5.62 $0.77 $0.29 Shares used to calculate earnings (loss) per share Basic 21,196,388 21,280,549 21,279,342 21,480,622 18,417,564 Diluted 21,196,388 21,533,254 21,492,339 21,526,188 18,473,420 Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In Thousands, Except Share Information) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents $26,247 $28,290 $32,961 $49,360 $47,342 Working capital, exclusive of cash 72,029 52,834 43,716 31,601 24,731 Total assets 421,994 424,494 394,340 225,679 199,950 Total debt 29,564 29,434 29,257 9,207 9,050 Total stockholders’ equity 220,407 236,704 223,405 101,414 87,972 25Table of ContentsItem 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, set forth inItem 8.“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional information, see “Disclosure RegardingForward Looking Statements” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.OVERVIEWExecutive OverviewPlease refer to Item 1. “Business” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the Company’s services and corporate strategy. IES Holdings,Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a holding company that owns and manages operating subsidiaries, comprised of providers of industrial products andinfrastructure services to a variety of end markets. Our operations are currently organized into four principal business segments: Commercial &Industrial, Communications, Infrastructure Solutions and Residential.Industry TrendsOur performance is affected by a number of trends that drive the demand for our services. In particular, the markets in which we operate are exposed tomany regional and national trends such as the demand for single and multi-family housing, the need for mission critical facilities as a result oftechnology-driven advancements, the degree to which in-house maintenance departments outsource maintenance and repair work, output levels andequipment utilization at heavy industrial facilities, demand for our rail and infrastructure services and custom engineered products, and changes incommercial, institutional, public infrastructure and electric utility spending. Over the long term, we believe that there are numerous factors that couldpositively drive demand and affect growth within the industries in which we operate, including (i) population growth, which will increase the need forcommercial and residential facilities, (ii) aging public infrastructure, which must be replaced or repaired, (iii) an increasing demand for data storage,(iv) increased emphasis on environmental and energy efficiency, which may lead to both increased public and private spending, and (v) demand fornatural gas which is expected to spur the construction of and modifications to heavy industrial facilities. However, there can be no assurance that wewill not experience a decrease in demand for our services due to economic, technological or other factors beyond our control, including weakness inthe oil and gas sector, interest rate changes, increases in steel and commodity prices and other economic factors, which may reduce the demand forhousing including in the Texas region, where our Residential division operates and may impact levels of construction. For a further discussion of theindustries in which we operate, please see Item 1. “Business—Operating Segments” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Business OutlookWhile there are differences among the Company’s segments, on an overall basis, increased demand for the Company’s services and the Company’sprevious investment in growth initiatives and other business-specific factors discussed below resulted in aggregate year-over-year revenue growth infiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017. Among our segments, year-over-year revenue growth rates during fiscal 2018 were driven primarily by organicgrowth, as well as the benefit of a full year of operating results from the businesses we acquired during fiscal 2017.Provided that no significant deterioration in general economic conditions occurs, the Company expects total revenues from existing businesses toincrease on a year-over-year basis during fiscal 2019 due to an increase in overall demand for the services we provide, efforts to increase our marketshare, and current backlog levels, which increased across all four of our operating segments during the year ended September 30, 2018. We remainfocused on controlled growth within many of our markets which continue to experience highly competitive margins and increasing costs. 26Table of ContentsTo continue to grow our business, including through acquisitions and the funding of working capital, we may require a significant amount of cash. Ourability to generate cash depends on many externally influenced factors, including demand for our services, the availability of projects at marginsacceptable to us, the ultimate collectability of our receivables, our ability to borrow on our credit facility, and our ability to raise funds in the capitalmarkets, among many other factors. We anticipate that the combination of cash on hand, cash flows from operations and available capacity under ourcredit facility will provide sufficient cash to enable us to meet our working capital needs, debt service requirements and capital expenditures forproperty and equipment through the next twelve months. We expect that our fixed asset requirements will range from $5.5 million to $7.5 million forthe fiscal year ending on September 30, 2019, and we may acquire these assets either through capital expenditures or through lease agreements.RESULTS OF OPERATIONSWe report our operating results across our four operating segments: Commercial & Industrial, Communications, Infrastructure Solutions andResidential. Expenses associated with our corporate office are classified separately. The following table presents selected historical results ofoperations of IES, as well as the results of acquired businesses from the dates acquired. Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 $ % $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $876,828 100.0% $810,744 100.0% $695,993 100.0% Cost of services 726,866 82.9% 670,246 82.7% 569,013 81.8% Gross profit 149,962 17.1% 140,498 17.3% 126,980 18.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 123,920 14.1% 120,370 14.8% 100,558 14.4% Contingent consideration 103 0.0% (145) 0.0% 652 0.1% Loss (gain) on sale of assets (15) 0.0% (69) 0.0% 810 0.1% Operating income 25,954 3.0% 20,342 2.5% 24,960 3.6% Interest and other expense, net 1,606 0.2% 1,537 0.2% 1,199 0.2% Operating income before income taxes 24,348 2.8% 18,805 2.3% 23,761 3.4% Provision (benefit) for income taxes (1) 38,151 4.4% 5,211 0.6% (97,117) (14.0)% Net income (loss) (13,803) (1.6)% 13,594 1.7% 120,878 17.4% Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (354) 0.0% (172) 0.0% (100) 0.0% Net income (loss) attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $(14,157) (1.6)% $13,422 1.7% $120,778 17.4% (1)2018 includes a charge of $31.3 million to re-measure our net deferred tax assets in connection with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.Consolidated revenues for the year ended September 30, 2018, were $66.1 million higher than for the year ended September 30, 2017, an increase of8.2%. Revenues increased within our Commercial & Industrial, Infrastructure Solutions, and Residential segments driven by an increase in demand fortheir service offerings combined with continued improvement of conditions in the markets in which they operate. Businesses acquired in fiscal 2017and 2018 contributed $61.0 million of the revenue increase year over year, partially offset by a $23.7 million decrease in revenue at the Denver andRoanoke branches of our Commercial & Industrial segment, where the wind-down of operations that occurred over the last 18 months is substantiallycomplete. 27Table of ContentsOur overall gross profit percentage decreased slightly to 17.1% during the year ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2017. Businesses acquired in fiscal 2017 and 2018 contributed an additional $6.6 million of gross profits for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, as compared with the year ended September 30, 2017. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased at our Commercial &Industrial and Communications segments and decreased at our Infrastructure Solutions and Residential segments, as discussed in further detail for eachsegment below.Selling, general and administrative expenses include costs not directly associated with performing work for our customers. These costs consistprimarily of compensation and benefits related to corporate, segment and branch management (including incentive-based compensation), occupancyand utilities, training, professional services, information technology costs, consulting fees, travel and certain types of depreciation and amortization.We allocate certain corporate selling, general and administrative costs across our segments as we believe this more accurately reflects the costsassociated with operating each segment.During the year ended September 30, 2018, our selling, general and administrative expenses were $123.9 million, an increase of $3.6 million, or 2.9%,as compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. The increase is primarily attributable to expense incurred at businesses acquired during fiscal 2017and 2018, which contributed $6.0 million of the increase year over year. This increase was partly offset by a reduction in variable compensationexpense. On a consolidated basis, our selling, general and administrative expense decreased slightly as a percentage of revenue from 14.8% for the yearended September 30, 2017, to 14.1% for the year ended September 30, 2018, largely as a result of decreased personnel costs and intangibleamortization expense.Commercial & Industrial2018 Compared to 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenue $274,299 100.0% $227,606 100.0% Cost of services 244,656 89.2% 208,619 91.7% Gross Profit 29,643 10.8% 18,987 8.3% Selling, general and administrative expenses 27,031 9.9% 20,170 8.8% Contingent consideration (100) 0.0% — -0.1% Gain on sale of assets (37) 0.0% (32) 0.0% Operating income 2,749 1.0% (1,151) -0.5% Revenue. Revenues in our Commercial & Industrial segment increased $46.7 million, or 20.5%, during the year ended September 30, 2018, comparedto the year ended September 30, 2017. The increase in revenue over this period was driven by our 2017 business acquisitions, which contributed$42.7 million of additional revenue during the year ended September 30, 2018 compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. This increase waspartly offset by a $23.7 decrease in revenue attributable to the winding down of operations at our Denver and Roanoke locations for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, as compared with the year ended September 30, 2017. Additionally, increased bid volume at several of our branches andimproving market conditions in certain areas also contributed to the overall increase in revenues. The market for this segment’s services in manygeographic regions remains highly competitive.Gross Profit. Our Commercial & Industrial segment’s gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2018 increased by $10.7 million, or 56.1%, ascompared to the year ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased from 8.3% for the year ended September 30, 2017,to 10.8% for the year ended September 30, 2018. The increase was driven by $5.9 million of additional gross profit contributed by our fiscal 28Table of Contents2017 business acquisitions during the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. Additionally, for the yearended September 30, 2018, gross margin at our Denver and Roanoke branches, where the wind down of operations is substantially complete, improvedby $4.7 million compared with the year ended September 30, 2017. This increase was partly offset by a $1.9 million charge to adjust the contract valueon a large project based on the terms of a memorandum of agreement. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies — USAMRIID Claim” for furtherdetails.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Commercial & Industrial segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses during the yearended September 30, 2018, increased $6.9 million, or 34.0%, compared to the year ended September 30, 2017, and increased 1.1% as a percentage ofrevenue. The increase was driven by our fiscal 2017 business acquisitions, where selling, general and administrative expense for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, increased by $4.1 million. The remaining increase relates primarily to employee expense associated with management hired toprovide additional oversight at the regional and branch levels.During fiscal 2017, we completed a detailed review of the operations of our Commercial & Industrial segment and decided to wind down operations atour Denver, Colorado and Roanoke, Virginia branches within our Commercial & Industrial segment. At September 30, 2018, we had approximately$1.5 million of backlog remaining at these branches. The following table summarizes the results of our Denver and Roanoke branches, which areincluded in the consolidated Commercial & Industrial segment results shown above: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Revenues $8,572 $32,231 $27,185 Cost of services 9,441 37,819 26,302 Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,772 2,848 2,857 Gain on sale of assets (1) (27) — Operating loss $(2,640) $(8,409) $(1,974) 2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2017 2016 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $227,606 100.0% $222,466 100.0% Cost of services 208,619 91.7% 197,679 88.9% Gross profit 18,987 8.3% 24,787 11.1% Selling, general and administrative expenses 20,170 8.8% 17,169 7.7% Gain on sale of assets (32) 0.0% (17) 0.0% Operating income (loss) (1,151) -0.5% 7,635 3.4% Revenue. Revenues increased $5.1 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, an increase of 2.3% compared to the year ended September 30,2016. The increase in revenue was driven largely by the Technical Services and NEXT Electric acquisitions, which contributed $7.6 million of revenuefor the year ended September 30, 2017. Revenues also increased at our Denver and Roanoke branches, as discussed above. However, these increaseswere partly offset by a decrease in work on large, industrial projects in the Southeast market. The market for this segment’s services remains highlycompetitive, and, as such, we continue to seek to maintain a disciplined bid strategy.Gross Profit. Gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2017, decreased by $5.8 million, or 23.4%, as compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. The decrease was due primarily to the four underperforming 29Table of Contentsjobs at our Denver and Roanoke branches, which drove a $6.4 million reduction in gross profit from those two branches. This decrease was partiallyoffset by $1.3 million of additional gross margin contributed by the Technical Services and NEXT Electric acquisitions. The market remainscompetitive, and we expect continued pressure on our ability to increase project bid margins in most of the markets we serve. Gross profit margins forthe year ended September 30, 2017, were reduced compared with the prior year, primarily as a result of our two underperforming branches.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses during the year ended September 30, 2017, increased by$3.0 million, or 17.5%, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016. The increase is primarily attributable to an additional $1.7 million of expensefrom our 2016 acquisition of STR Mechanical, which incurred higher personnel costs related to commission expenses paid during the year in supportof growth. In addition, $0.7 million of expense was incurred at our newly acquired Technical Services and NEXT Electric businesses. Selling, generaland administrative expense as a percentage of revenues in the Commercial & Industrial segment increased by 1.1% during the year endedSeptember 30, 2017, resulting from additional compensation, severance and related costs associated with organizational changes, as well as additionalcosts associated with the expansion of STR Mechanical.Communications2018 Compared to 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $219,655 100.0% $225,275 100.0% Cost of services 179,518 81.7% 187,419 83.2% Gross Profit 40,137 18.3% 37,856 16.8% Selling, general and administrative expenses 26,003 11.8% 24,219 10.8% Contingent consideration (85) 0.0% — 0.0% Gain on sale of assets (4) 0.0% (1) 0.0% Operating Income 14,223 6.5% 13,638 6.0% Revenue. Our Communications segment’s revenues decreased by $5.6 million, or 2.5%, during the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to theyear ended September 30, 2017. This decrease in revenue was primarily the result of two large projects with non-recurring customers we completed infiscal 2017: $7.9 million of revenue from a large system upgrade project for a school district, and $5.6 million related to construction of a sportingvenue. The decrease in revenue was offset by growth with our data center customers, as well as the acquisition of Azimuth Communications, Inc.(“Azimuth”), which contributed $4.3 million of additional revenue during the year ended September 30, 2018 compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2017. Our revenues for the year ended September 30, 2018, were also affected by the timing of capital spending by certain of our datacenter customers. Revenues in our Communications segment can vary based on the capital spending cycles of our customers.Gross Profit. Our Communications segment’s gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2018, increased $2.3 million, or 6.0%, as compared tothe year ended September 30, 2017. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased 1.5% to 18.3% for the year ended September 30, 2018. Theincrease was driven primarily by improved project execution. As revenue growth slowed in 2018, our margins benefitted from lower training and hiringcosts that often affect us during periods of higher growth. Additionally, our acquisition of Azimuth during fiscal 2018 contributed $1.0 million ofadditional gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. 30Table of ContentsSelling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Communications segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.8 million, or7.4%. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues in the Communications segment increased slightly to 11.8% of segmentrevenue during the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. The increase was driven by our acquisition ofAzimuth during fiscal 2018, which incurred selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended September 30, 2018, of $1.6 million, whichincludes amortization of intangible assets.2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2017 2016 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $225,275 100.0% $189,635 100.0% Cost of services 187,419 83.2% 157,104 82.8% Gross Profit 37,856 16.8% 32,531 17.2% Selling, general and administrative expenses 24,219 10.8% 20,839 11.0% Gain on sale of assets (1) 0.0% 0 0.0% Operating Income 13,638 6.0% 11,692 6.2% Revenue. Revenues increased by $35.6 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, an 18.8% increase compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. Revenues for all of the service offerings, such as data center, audio-visual and security, cabling, and Voice Over Internet Protocol(VoIP) work increased for the year ended September 30, 2017, compared with the year ended September 30, 2016, as we continue to add to ourcustomer base, including entry into new markets.Gross Profit. Gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2017, increased $5.3 million, or 16.4%, as compared to the year ended September 30,2016. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased from 17.2% for the year ended September 30, 2016, to 16.8% for the year ended September 30,2017. The decline was driven, in part, by inefficiencies on certain projects during fiscal 2017. Additionally, margins have been affected by a continuedincrease in the volume of cost-plus work performed in fiscal 2017. This work is generally lower risk and is typically performed at lower margins thanthe fixed price arrangements which comprise the majority of the work we perform. Finally, our lower margins reflect the impact of hiring and training anumber of new employees needed to support the rapid growth of the business.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $3.4 million, or 16.2%, during the year endedSeptember 30, 2017, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016, as a result of higher personnel cost, including increased incentive compensationassociated with increased profitability in fiscal 2017. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues in the Communicationssegment decreased slightly to 10.8% of segment revenue during the year ended September 30, 2017, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016,as we benefited from increased activity. 31Table of ContentsInfrastructure Solutions2018 Compared to 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $97,163 100.0% $83,824 100.0% Cost of services 75,337 77.5% 63,399 75.6% Gross Profit 21,826 22.5% 20,425 24.4% Selling, general and administrative expenses 18,293 18.8% 17,859 21.3% Contingent consideration 288 0.3% (145) -0.1% (Gain)/Loss on sale of assets 18 0.0% (79) -0.1% Operating Income 3,227 3.3% 2,790 3.3% Revenue. Revenues in our Infrastructure Solutions segment increased by $13.3 million during the year ended September 30, 2018, an increase of 15.9%compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily driven by $14.0 million of additional revenue contributed by FreemanEnclosure Systems, LLC (“Freeman”), which we acquired during the second quarter of fiscal 2017. An increase in revenues from the manufacture of busduct was offset by a decrease in revenue from our motor repair business, which remains highly dependent on the steel industry.Gross Profit. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment’s gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2018, increased by $1.4 million, as compared tothe year ended September 30, 2017. Gross profit as a percent of revenue decreased to 22.5% for the year ended September 30, 2018. Margins improvedyear over year at both our bus duct manufacturing business and our motor repair business. However, our overall gross margin was affected by the mix ofwork performed, as Freeman has lower margins than our motor repair business, but represented a larger percentage of our total revenues.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses during the yearended September 30, 2018, increased by $0.4 million compared to the year ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily the result of$0.3 million increase in general and administrative costs incurred at Freeman, which was acquired during the second quarter of fiscal 2017. Additionalselling and administrative costs in support of growth of the business were largely offset by a decrease in intangible amortization expense related to theacquisition of Technibus Inc. (“Technibus”) in fiscal 2016.2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2017 2016 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $83,824 100.0% $58,003 100.0% Cost of services 63,399 75.6% 42,356 73.0% Gross Profit 20,425 24.4% 15,647 27.0% Selling, general and administrative expenses 17,859 21.3% 12,404 21.4% Contingent consideration (145) -0.1% 652 1.1% Loss on sale of assets (79) -0.1% 826 1.4% Operating Income 2,790 3.3% 1,765 3.1% 32Table of ContentsRevenue. Revenues in our Infrastructure Solutions segment increased by $25.8 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, an increase of 44.5%compared to the year ended September 30, 2016. The increase in revenue was driven primarily by a full year of operations at Technibus whichprovided additional revenue of $19.6 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016.Additionally, the 2017 acquisition of Freeman provided revenue of $10.9 million for the year ended September 30, 2017. For additional informationsee Note 18, “Business Combinations and Divestitures” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. These increases were partly offset by adecrease in activity at our motor repair business.Gross Profit. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment’s gross profit during the year ended September 30, 2017, increased by $4.8 million, as compared tothe year ended September 30, 2016. The increase was driven primarily by Technibus, which provided additional gross profit of $4.1 million during theyear ended September 30, 2017, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016. The acquisition of Freeman contributed $1.7 million of additionalgross profit for the year ended September 30, 2017, compared with the year ended September 30, 2016. These increases were partly offset by a slightdecrease in activity at our motor repair business. Gross profit as a percent of revenue decreased from 27.0% for the year ended September 30, 2016, to24.4% for the year ended September 30, 2017, driven primarily by a change in the overall mix of work being performed.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Infrastructure Solutions segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses during the yearended September 30, 2017, increased by $5.5 million compared to the year ended September 30, 2016. The increase was driven primarily by a full yearof activity at Technibus, which contributed $4.0 million of additional expense during the year ended September 30, 2017, compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. The acquisition of Freeman contributed $2.1 million of additional expense for the year ended September 30, 2017, compared withthe year ended September 30, 2016. These increases were partly offset by a reduction of expense throughout the remainder of the InfrastructureSolutions organization. Selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue remained relatively flat year over year.(Gain)/Loss on Sale of Asset. In 2016, we recognized a one-time charge of $0.8 million in conjunction with the write down to net realizable value ofcertain assets related to our engine component business, which we sold in April 2016.Residential2018 Compared to 2017 Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $285,711 100.0% $274,039 100.0% Cost of services 227,355 79.6% 210,809 76.9% Gross Profit 58,356 20.4% 63,230 23.1% Selling, general and administrative expenses 41,401 14.5% 43,689 16.0% Loss on sale of assets 8 0.0% 43 0.0% Operating Income 16,947 5.9% 19,498 7.1% Revenue. Our Residential segment’s revenues increased by $11.7 million, or 4.3%, during the year ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the yearended September 30, 2017. The increase was driven by our single-family business, where revenues increased by $28.3 million for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, compared with the year ended September 30, 2017. Service and solar revenues also increased by $4.7 million for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, compared with the prior year. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in multi-family revenues, which declined by$21.3 million. While backlog was lower at the beginning of fiscal 2018, we ended fiscal 2018 with backlog up approximately 28% over prior year. 33Table of ContentsGross Profit. During the year ended September 30, 2018, our Residential segment experienced a $4.9 million, or 7.7%, decrease in gross profit ascompared to the year ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in gross profit was driven primarily by an increase in copper and other commodityprices, as well as an increase in labor costs, as a result of tightening labor markets. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased 2.7% to 20.4%during the year ended September 30, 2018, as compared with the year ended September 30, 2017.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Residential segment experienced a $2.3 million, or 5.2%, decrease in selling, general andadministrative expenses during the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to the year ended September 30, 2017, driven by decreasedcompensation expense, primarily as a result of a decrease of $1.2 million in variable compensation and incentive costs associated with decreasedprofitability, partly offset by an increase in salary and travel costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues in theResidential segment decreased by 1.5% to 14.5% of segment revenue during the year ended September 30, 2018.2017 Compared to 2016 Year Ended September 30, 2017 2016 $ % $ % (Dollars in thousands, Percentage of revenues) Revenues $274,039 100.0% $225,889 100.0% Cost of services 210,809 76.9% 171,874 76.1% Gross Profit 63,230 23.1% 54,015 23.9% Selling, general and administrative expenses 43,689 16.0% 37,585 16.6% Loss on sale of assets 43 0.0% 1 0.0% Operating Income 19,498 7.1% 16,429 7.3% Revenue. Revenues increased $48.2 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, an increase of 21.3% as compared to the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. The increase is driven by our multi-family business, where revenues increased by $33.3 million for the year ended September 30,2017, compared with the year ended September 30, 2016. We entered the year with a historically high level of backlog, which resulted in increasedrevenues during fiscal 2017. Single-family construction revenues increased by $16.8 million, primarily driven by our Texas operations. Revenue fromsolar installations decreased by $2.2 million, and service revenues remained flat for the year ended September 30, 2017, as compared with the sameperiod in 2016.Gross Profit. During the year ended September 30, 2017, our Residential segment experienced a $9.2 million, or 17.1%, increase in gross profit ascompared to the year ended September 30, 2016. Gross profit increased primarily due to a higher volume of work. Gross margin percentage decreasedto 23.1% as multi-family projects, which generally have a lower gross margin than single-family projects, were a higher proportion of our total volumeduring the year ended September 30, 2017, compared with the year ended September 30, 2016.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our Residential segment experienced a $6.1 million, or 16.2%, increase in selling, general andadministrative expenses during the year ended September 30, 2017, compared to the year ended September 30, 2016, primarily related to higherpersonnel costs, including profit sharing incentives, in support of growth. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues inthe Residential segment decreased from 16.6% to 16.0% during the year ended September 30, 2017, as we benefited from the increased scale of ouroperations. 34Table of ContentsINTEREST AND OTHER EXPENSE, NET Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 (In thousands) Interest expense $1,658 $1,408 $937 Deferred financing charges 288 294 345 Total interest expense 1,946 1,702 1,282 Other income, net (340) (165) (83) Total interest and other expense, net $1,606 $1,537 $1,199 Interest ExpenseDuring the year ended September 30, 2018, we incurred interest expense of $1.9 million primarily comprised of interest expense from our term loanfacility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), an average letter of credit balance of $6.6 million under our revolving credit facility and anaverage unused line of credit balance of $63.2 million. This compares to interest expense of $1.7 million for the year ended September 30, 2017,primarily comprised of interest expense from our term loan facility with Wells Fargo, an average letter of credit balance of $6.6 million under ourrevolving credit facility and an average unused line of credit balance of $47.5 million. The increase in interest expense for the year endedSeptember 30, 2018, as compared with the year ended September 30, 2017, is primarily a result of the increase in the variable interest rate.For the year ended September 30, 2016, we incurred interest expense of $1.3 million on a debt balance primarily comprised of our term loan facilitywith Wells Fargo, an average letter of credit balance of $6.9 million under our revolving credit facility, and an average unused line of credit balance of$40.6 million.PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXESFor the year ended September 30, 2018, we recorded income tax expense of $38.2 million. Income tax expense was partly offset by a $1.9 millionbenefit associated with the reversal of a reserve previously established for an uncertain tax position. Our income tax expense included a charge of$31.3 million to re-measure our deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the impact from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax ReformLegislation”) on December 22, 2017.For the year ended September 30, 2017, we recorded income tax expense of $5.2 million. Income tax expense was partly offset by a $3.7 millionbenefit associated with the reversal of a reserve previously established for an uncertain tax position.For the year ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a benefit from income tax of $97.1 million. This benefit included $109.0 million attributable tothe release of our valuation allowance on certain of our net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets during the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. This benefit was the result of our assessment at September 30, 2016, that it was more likely than not that we will generatesufficient taxable income to utilize these net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets.WORKING CAPITALDuring the year ended September 30, 2018, working capital exclusive of cash increased by $19.2 million from September 30, 2017, reflecting a$33.0 million increase in current assets excluding cash, partly offset by a $13.8 million increase in current liabilities during the period. 35Table of ContentsDuring the year ended September 30, 2018, our current assets exclusive of cash increased to $236.4 million, as compared to $203.5 million as ofSeptember 30, 2017. The increase primarily relates to an $18.1 million increase in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, largely driven byour Communications, Commercial & Industrial and Infrastructure Solutions segments. Additionally, accounts receivable increased by $8.6 million,primarily driven by higher levels of activity. Days sales outstanding decreased to 62 at September 30, 2018, from 66 at September 30, 2017. While therate of collections may vary, our typically secured position, resulting from our ability in general to secure liens against our customers’ overduereceivables, offers some protection that collection will occur eventually to the extent that our security retains value.During the year ended September 30, 2018, our total current liabilities increased by $13.8 million to $164.4 million, compared to $150.6 million as ofSeptember 30, 2017, primarily related to an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, driven by higher levels of activity.SuretyMany customers, particularly in connection with new construction, require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a surety. These bondsprovide a guarantee to the customer that we will perform under the terms of our contract and that we will pay our subcontractors and vendors. If we failto perform under the terms of our contract or to pay subcontractors and vendors, the customer may demand that the surety make payments or provideservices under the bond. We must reimburse the sureties for any expenses or outlays they incur on our behalf. To date, we have not been required tomake any reimbursements to our sureties for bond-related costs.As is common in the surety industry, sureties issue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issue bonds at any time. We believe that ourrelationships with our sureties will allow us to provide surety bonds as they are required. However, current market conditions, as well as changes in oursureties’ assessment of our operating and financial risk, could cause our sureties to decline to issue bonds for our work. If our sureties decline to issuebonds for our work, our alternatives would include posting other forms of collateral for project performance, such as letters of credit or cash, seekingbonding capacity from other sureties, or engaging in more projects that do not require surety bonds. In addition, if we are awarded a project for which asurety bond is required but we are unable to obtain a surety bond, the result could be a claim for damages by the customer for the costs of replacing uswith another contractor.As of September 30, 2018, the estimated cost to complete our bonded projects was approximately $50.2 million. We believe the bonding capacitycurrently provided by our sureties is adequate for our current operations and will be adequate for our operations for the foreseeable future.LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCESAs of September 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $26.2 million and $48.1 million of availability under our revolving credit facility. Weanticipate that the combination of cash on hand, cash flows from operations and available capacity under our revolving credit facility will providesufficient cash to enable us to meet our working capital needs, debt service requirements and capital expenditures for property and equipment throughthe next twelve months. Our ability to generate cash flow is dependent on many factors, including demand for our services, the availability of projectsat margins acceptable to us, the ultimate collectability of our receivables, and our ability to borrow on our revolving credit facility or raise funds in thecapital markets, if needed.We continue to monitor the financial markets and general national and global economic conditions. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack ofaccess to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will notbe impacted in the future by adverse conditions in the financial markets. 36Table of ContentsThe Revolving Credit FacilityWe maintain a $100 million revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. that matures August 9, 2021 (as amended, the “Credit Facility”),pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which was further amended on July 14,2017, August 2, 2017, and July 23, 2018 (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”).Pursuant to the July 23, 2018 amendment, we are required to comply with the minimum EBITDA financial covenant of the Amended Credit Agreementin a given quarter if our Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) in the immediately following quarter, as tested monthlyduring that quarter, falls below $30 million. If, in subsequent quarters, Excess Availability levels return to or exceed the contractual threshold, then theCompany will no longer be required to comply with the minimum EBITDA financial covenant, so long as Excess Availability remains above thethreshold.Terms of the Amended Credit AgreementBorrowings under the Credit Facility may not exceed a “borrowing base” that is determined monthly by our lenders based on available collateral,primarily certain accounts receivables, inventories, real estate, personal property and equipment. Under the terms of the Amended Credit Agreement,amounts outstanding bear interest at a per annum rate equal to a Daily Three Month LIBOR (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), plus aninterest rate margin, which is determined quarterly, based on the following thresholds: Level Thresholds Interest Rate MarginI If Liquidity is less than 35% of the Maximum Revolver Amount at any time during the period 2.25 percentage pointsII If Liquidity is greater than or equal to 35% of the Maximum Revolver Amount at all times during the period andless than 50% of the Maximum Revolver Amount at any time during the period 2.00 percentage pointsIII If Liquidity is greater than or equal to 50% of the Maximum Revolver Amount at all times during the period 1.75 percentage pointsIn addition, we are charged monthly in arrears for (1) an unused commitment fee of 0.375% per annum, (2) a collateral monitoring fee of $5 thousandper quarter, (3) a letter of credit fee based on the then-applicable interest rate margin and (4) certain other fees and charges as specified in the AmendedCredit Agreement.The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, as well as events of default.As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with the financial covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement, requiring that we maintain: • a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis at theend of each quarter, of at least 1.1 to 1.0; and • minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least thirty percent (30%) of the Maximum Revolver Amount (asdefined in the Amended Credit Agreement), or $30 million; with, for purposes of this covenant, at least fifty percent (50%) of our Liquiditycomprised of Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement).At September 30, 2018, our Liquidity was $74.4 million and our Excess Availability was $48.1 million (or greater than 50% of minimum Liquidity),and our Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio was 7.9:1.0. Since our Excess 37Table of ContentsAvailability at September 30, 2018 exceeded $30 million, we were not required to comply with the minimum EBITDA financial covenant of theAmended Credit Agreement, which would have required that we have a minimum EBITDA for the four quarters ended September 30, 2018 of$35 million. Our EBITDA, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement for the four quarters ended September 30, 2018, was $37.0 million.Our Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is calculated as follows (with capitalized terms as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement): (i) our trailing twelvemonth EBITDA, less non-financed capital expenditures (other than capital expenditures financed by means of an advance under the credit facility),cash taxes and all Restricted Junior Payments consisting of certain pass-through tax liabilities, divided by (ii) the sum of our cash interest (other thaninterest paid-in-kind, amortization of financing fees, and other non-cash interest expense) and principal debt payments (other than repayment ofprincipal on advances under the credit facility and including cash payments with respect to capital leases), any management, consulting, monitoring,and advisory fees paid to an affiliate, and all Restricted Junior Payments (other than pass-through tax liabilities) and other cash distributions; provided,that if any acquisition is consented to by lender after the date of the Amended Credit Agreement, the components of the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratiowill be calculated for such fiscal period after giving pro forma effect to the acquisition assuming that such transaction has occurred on the first day ofsuch period (including pro forma adjustments arising out of events which are directly attributable to such acquisition, are factually supportable, andare expected to have a continuing impact, in each case to be reasonably agreed to by the lender).As defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, EBITDA is calculated as consolidated net income (or loss), less extraordinary gains, interest income,non-operating income and income tax benefits and decreases in any change in LIFO reserves, plus stock compensation expense, non-cashextraordinary losses (including, but not limited to, a non-cash impairment charge or write-down), interest expense, income taxes, depreciation andamortization, increases in any change in LIFO reserves, and losses from the wind-down of our Denver and Roanoke branches, up to a maximumexclusion of $5 million for a given measurement period in each case, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided, that ifany acquisition is consented to by lender after the date of the Amended Credit Agreement, EBITDA for such fiscal period shall be calculated aftergiving pro forma effect to the acquisition assuming that such transaction has occurred on the first day of such period (including pro forma adjustmentsarising out of events which are directly attributable to such acquisition, are factually supportable, and are expected to have a continuing impact, ineach case to be reasonably agreed to by Lender).If in the future our Liquidity falls below $30 million (or Excess Availability falls below 50% of our minimum Liquidity), our Fixed Charge CoverageRatio is less than 1.1:1.0, we fail to meet our minimum EBITDA requirement when it is required to be tested, or if we otherwise fail to perform orotherwise comply with certain of our covenants or other agreements under the Amended Credit Agreement, it would result in an event of default underthe Amended Credit Agreement, which could result in some or all of our indebtedness becoming immediately due and payable.At September 30, 2018, we had $6.6 million in outstanding letters of credit with Wells Fargo and outstanding borrowings of $30.2 million.InvestmentsFrom time to time, the Company may invest in non-controlling positions in the debt or equity securities of other businesses. In October 2014, ourBoard of Directors approved an investment policy that permits the Company to invest our cash in liquid and marketable securities that include equitiesand fixed income securities. Equity securities may include unrestricted, publicly traded stock that is listed on a major exchange or a national,over-the-counter market and that is appropriate for our portfolio objectives, asset class, and/or investment style, and fixed income securities arerequired to have an investment grade credit quality at the time of purchase. 38Table of ContentsOperating ActivitiesOur cash flow from operations is not only influenced by cyclicality, demand for our services, operating margins and the type of services we provide,but can also be influenced by working capital needs such as the timing of our receivable collections. Working capital needs are generally lower duringour fiscal first and second quarters due to the seasonality that we experience in many regions of the country; however, a seasonal decline in workingcapital may be offset by needs associated with higher growth or acquisitions.Operating activities provided net cash of $12.2 million during the year ended September 30, 2018, as compared to $22.3 million of net cash providedin the year ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in operating cash flow is the result of an investment in working capital to support the growth ofour business. In particular, costs in excess of billings increased by $18.1 million as a result of an increase in cost-plus work, where costs are typicallybilled later than in our typical fixed-price arrangements, as well as an increase in orders for generator enclosures, which are billed when shipped.Operating activities provided net cash of $22.3 million during the year ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $25.0 million of net cash providedin the year ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in operating cash flow is the result of decreased net income.Investing ActivitiesIn the year ended September 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $11.9 million as compared to $24.5 million of net cash used byinvesting activities in the year ended September 30, 2017. Investing activities for the year ended September 30, 2018, include $7.4 million for theacquisition of businesses, as well as $4.6 million of capital expenditures.In the year ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities was $24.5 million as compared to $60.7 million of net cash used byinvesting activities in the year ended September 30, 2016. Investing activities for the year ended September 30, 2017, include $20.2 million for theacquisition of businesses, as well as $4.6 million of capital expenditures.Financing ActivitiesFinancing activities used net cash of $2.4 million in the year ended September 30, 2018, compared to $2.7 million used in the year endedSeptember 30, 2017. For the year ended September 30, 2018, we used $2.1 million for the repurchase of common stock under the Company’s stockrepurchase program. We repurchased an aggregate $1.6 million of common stock in open market transactions, pursuant to the stock repurchaseprogram, and we used an additional $0.5 million for the repurchase of common stock to satisfy employee payroll tax withholding obligations.In the year ended September 30, 2017, financing activities used net cash of $2.7 million compared to $19.6 million provided in the year endedSeptember 30, 2016. For the year ended September 30, 2017, we used $2.4 million for the repurchase of the common stock under the Company’s stockrepurchase program. We repurchased an aggregate $2.3 million of common stock in open market transactions, pursuant to the stock repurchaseprogram, and we used an additional $0.1 million for the repurchase of common stock to satisfy employee payroll tax withholding obligations.CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERAt September 30, 2018, Tontine Capital Partners, L.P., together with its affiliates (collectively, “Tontine”), was the Company’s controlling shareholder,owning approximately 59 percent of the Company’s outstanding 39Table of Contentscommon stock according to a Form 4 filed with the SEC by Tontine on October 3, 2018. Accordingly, Tontine has the ability to exercise significantcontrol over our affairs, including the election of directors and most actions requiring the approval of shareholders.We are a party to a sublease agreement with Tontine Associates, L.L.C., an affiliate of our controlling shareholder, for corporate office space inGreenwich, Connecticut. The sublease extends through April 2019, with monthly payments due in the amount of approximately $8 thousand. Thelease has terms at market rates, and payments by the Company are at a rate consistent with that paid by Tontine Associates, L.L.C. to its landlord.On December 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Board Observer Letter Agreement with Tontine Associates, L.L.C. in order to assist Tontine inmanaging its investment in the Company. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement, the Company granted Tontine the right, atany time that Tontine holds at least 20% of the outstanding common stock of the Company, to appoint a representative to serve as an observer to theBoard (the “Board Observer”). The Board Observer, who shall serve at the discretion of and must be reasonably acceptable to those members of theBoard who are not affiliates of Tontine, shall have no voting rights or other decision making authority. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth inthe Agreement, so long as Tontine has the right to appoint a Board Observer, the Board Observer will have the right to attend and participate inmeetings of the Board and the committees thereof, subject to confidentiality requirements, and to receive reimbursement for reasonable out-of-pocketexpenses incurred in his or her capacity as a Board Observer and such rights to coverage under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liabilityinsurance policy as are available to other directors.Jeffrey L. Gendell was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors and as non-executive Chairman of the Board in November 2016. He is themanaging member and founder of Tontine, and the brother of David B. Gendell, who has served as a member of the Board of Directors since February2012 and as Interim Director of Operations since November 2017, and who previously served as non-executive Vice Chairman of the Board fromNovember 2016 to November 2017 and as non-executive Chairman of the Board from January 2015 to November 2016. David B. Gendell was anemployee of Tontine from 2004 until December 31, 2017.OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSAs is common in our industry, we have entered into certain off-balance sheet arrangements that expose us to increased risk. Our significant off-balancesheet transactions include commitments associated with non-cancelable operating leases, letter of credit obligations, firm commitments for materialsand surety guarantees.We enter into operating leases for many of our vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow us to retain our cash when we do not own the vehiclesor equipment, and we pay a monthly lease rental fee. At the end of the lease, we have no further obligation to the lessor. We may cancel or terminate alease before the end of its term. Typically, we would be liable to the lessor for various lease cancellation or termination costs and the differencebetween the fair market value of the leased asset and the implied book value of the leased asset as calculated in accordance with the lease agreement.Some of our customers and vendors require us to post letters of credit as a means of guaranteeing performance under our contracts and ensuringpayment by us to subcontractors and vendors. If our customer has reasonable cause to effect payment under a letter of credit, we would be required toreimburse our creditor for the letter of credit. At September 30, 2018, $0.5 million of our outstanding letters of credit were to collateralize our customersand vendors.Some of the underwriters of our casualty insurance program require us to post letters of credit as collateral, as is common in the insurance industry. Todate, we have not had a situation where an underwriter has had reasonable cause to effect payment under a letter of credit. At September 30, 2018,$6.1 million of our outstanding letters of credit were to collateralize our insurance programs. 40Table of ContentsFrom time to time, we may enter into firm purchase commitments for materials such as copper wire and aluminum wire, among others, which we expectto use in the ordinary course of business. These commitments are typically for terms less than one year and require us to buy minimum quantities ofmaterials at specified intervals at a fixed price over the term. As of September 30, 2018, we did not have any open purchase commitments.Many of our customers require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a surety. Those bonds guarantee the customer that we will performunder the terms of a contract and that we will pay subcontractors and vendors. In the event that we fail to perform under a contract or paysubcontractors and vendors, the customer may demand the surety to pay or perform under our bond. Our relationship with our sureties is such that wewill indemnify the sureties for any expenses they incur in connection with any of the bonds they issue on our behalf and may be required to postcollateral to support the bonds. To date, we have not incurred any material costs to indemnify our sureties for expenses they incurred on our behalf.As of September 30, 2018, our future contractual obligations due by September 30 of each of the following fiscal years for commenced agreementsinclude (in thousands): Less than1 Year 1 to 3Years 3 to 5Years More than5 Years Total Long-term debt obligations $— $29,564 $— $— $29,564 Operating lease obligations 9,460 12,362 5,122 3,229 30,173 Total (1) $9,460 $41,926 $5,122 $3,229 $59,737 (1)The tabular amounts exclude the interest obligations that will be created if the debt obligations are outstanding for the periods presented.Our other commitments expire by September 30 of each of the following fiscal years (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 Thereafter Total Standby letters of credit $6,609 $— $— $— $6,609 Total $6,609 $— $— $— $6,609 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have beenprepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions thataffect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the ConsolidatedFinancial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses recognized during the periods presented. We review all significant estimatesaffecting our Consolidated Financial Statements on a recurring basis and record the effect of any necessary adjustments prior to their publication.Judgments and estimates are based on our beliefs and assumptions derived from information available at the time such judgments and estimates aremade. Uncertainties with respect to such estimates and assumptions are inherent in the preparation of financial statements. There can be no assurancethat actual results will not differ from those estimates.Accordingly, we have identified the accounting principles which we believe are most critical to our reported financial status by consideringaccounting policies that involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments. We identified our most critical accounting policies to bethose related to revenue recognition, accounting for business combinations, the assessment of goodwill and asset impairment, our allowance fordoubtful accounts receivable, the recording of our insurance liabilities and estimation of the valuation allowance 41Table of Contentsfor deferred tax assets, and unrecognized tax benefits. These accounting policies, as well as others, are described in Note 2, “Summary of SignificantAccounting Policies” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and at relevant sections in this discussion and analysis.Revenue Recognition. We enter into contracts principally on the basis of competitive bids. We frequently negotiate the final terms and prices of thosecontracts with the customer. Although the terms of our contracts vary considerably, approximately 88% of our revenues are based on either a fixedprice or unit price basis in which we agree to do the work for a fixed amount for the entire project (fixed price) or for units of work performed (unitprice). Approximately 8% of our revenues are earned from contracts where we are paid on a time and materials basis, and approximately 4% of ourrevenue is earned on a cost plus or other basis. Our most significant cost drivers are the cost of labor, the cost of materials and the cost of casualty andhealth insurance. These costs may vary from the costs we originally estimated. Variations from estimated contract costs along with other risks inherentin performing fixed price and unit price contracts may result in actual revenue and gross profits or interim projected revenue and gross profits for aproject differing from those we originally estimated and could result in losses on projects. Depending on the size of a particular project, variations fromestimated project costs could have a significant impact on our operating results for any fiscal quarter or year.We complete most of our projects within one year. We frequently provide service and maintenance work under open-ended, unit price master serviceagreements which are renewable annually. We recognize revenue on service, time and material work when services are performed. Work performedunder a construction contract generally provides that the customers accept completion of progress to date and compensate us for services rendered,measured in terms of units installed, hours expended or some other measure of progress. Revenues from construction contracts are recognized on thepercentage-of-completion method. Revenues recognized on a percentage-of-completion basis, all of which are fixed price or cost plus arrangements,comprised approximately 56% of our total revenue for the year ended September 30, 2018. The percentage-of-completion method for constructioncontracts is measured principally by the percentage of costs incurred and accrued to date for each contract to the estimated total costs for each contractat completion. We generally consider contracts substantially complete upon departure from the work site and acceptance by the customer. Contractcosts include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairsand depreciation costs. Changes in job performance, job conditions, estimated contract costs, profitability and final contract settlements may result inrevisions to costs and income, and the effects of such revisions are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for totalestimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.The current asset “Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings” represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed that managementbelieves will be billed and collected within the next twelve months. The current liability “Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings”represents billings in excess of revenues recognized. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings are amounts considered recoverable fromcustomers based on different measures of performance, including achievement of specific milestones, completion of specified units or completion ofthe contract. Also included in this asset, from time to time, are claims and unapproved change orders, which include amounts that we are in the processof collecting from our customers or agencies for changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders in dispute or unapproved as toscope and price, or other related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs. Claims and unapproved change orders are recorded at estimatedrealizable value when collection is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We do not recognize profits on construction costs incurred inconnection with claims. Claims made by us involve negotiation and, in certain cases, litigation. Such litigation costs are expensed as incurred.Business Combinations. In accounting for business combinations, certain assumptions and estimates are employed in determining the fair value ofassets acquired, evaluating the fair value of liabilities assumed, as well as in determining the allocation of goodwill to the appropriate reporting unit.These estimates may be affected by factors such as changing market conditions affecting the industries in which we operate. The most significantassumptions requiring judgment involve identifying and estimating the fair value of intangible assets and the 42Table of Contentsassociated useful lives for establishing amortization periods. To finalize purchase accounting for significant intangible assets and liabilities, we utilizethe services of independent valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value.Valuation of Intangibles and Long-Lived Assets. We evaluate goodwill for potential impairment at least annually at year end; however, if impairmentindicators exist, we will evaluate as needed. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determinewhether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than notthat the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, then we perform an impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reportingunit and comparing this calculated fair value with the carrying value of the reporting unit. We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on themarket approach and income approach. Included in this evaluation are certain assumptions and estimates to determine the fair values of reporting unitssuch as estimates of future cash flows and discount rates, as well as assumptions and estimates related to the valuation of other identified intangibleassets. Changes in these assumptions and estimates or significant changes to the market value of our common stock could materially impact our resultsof operations or financial position. We did not record goodwill impairment during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 or 2016.Each reporting period, we assess impairment indicators related to long-lived assets and intangible assets. If we determine impairment indicators exist,we conduct an evaluation to determine whether any impairment has occurred. This evaluation includes certain assumptions and estimates to determinefair value of asset groups, including estimates about future cash flows and discount rates, among others. Changes in these assumptions and estimatescould materially impact our results of operations or financial projections. No impairment charges were recorded in the years ended September 30, 2018,2017 or 2016.Current and Non-Current Accounts Receivable and Provision for Doubtful Accounts. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts for unknowncollection issues, in addition to reserves for specific accounts receivable where collection is considered doubtful. Inherent in the assessment of theallowance for doubtful accounts are certain judgments and estimates including, among others, our customers’ access to capital, our customers’willingness to pay, general economic conditions, and the ongoing relationships with our customers. In addition to these factors, the method ofaccounting for construction contracts requires the review and analysis of not only the net receivables, but also the amount of billings in excess of costsand costs in excess of billings. The analysis management utilizes to assess collectability of our receivables includes detailed review of older balances,analysis of days sales outstanding where we include in the calculation, in addition to accounts receivable balances net of any allowance for doubtfulaccounts, the level of costs in excess of billings netted against billings in excess of costs and the ratio of accounts receivable, net of any allowance fordoubtful accounts plus the level of costs in excess of billings, to revenues. These analyses provide an indication of those amounts billed ahead of orbehind the recognition of revenue on our construction contracts and are important to consider in understanding the operational cash flows related toour revenue cycle.Risk-Management. We are insured for workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, construction defects, pollution, employmentpractices and employee-related health care claims, subject to deductibles. Our general liability program provides coverage for bodily injury andproperty damage. Losses up to the deductible amounts are accrued based upon our estimates of the liability for claims incurred and an estimate ofclaims incurred but not reported. The accruals are derived from actuarial studies, known facts, historical trends and industry averages utilizing theassistance of an actuary to determine the best estimate of the ultimate expected loss. We believe such accruals to be adequate; however, insuranceliabilities are difficult to assess and estimate due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability inproportion to other parties, the number of incidents incurred but not reported and the effectiveness of our safety program. Therefore, if actualexperience differs from the assumptions used in the actuarial valuation, adjustments to the reserve may be required and would be recorded in the periodthat the experience becomes known. 43Table of ContentsValuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets. We regularly evaluate valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which futurerealization is uncertain. We perform this evaluation quarterly. The estimation of required valuation allowances includes estimates of future taxableincome. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets at September 30, 2018, we concluded, based upon the assessment of positive and negativeevidence, that it is more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient table income within the applicable NOL carryforward periods torealize $46.6 million of its deferred tax assets. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and taxplanning strategies in making this assessment.An inability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize our deferred tax assets may lead to a future need for a valuation allowanceand a corresponding reduction in GAAP net income. In addition, any further reduction in the federal statutory tax rate in the future could also cause areduction in the economic benefit of the NOL available to us and a corresponding charge to reduce the book value of the deferred tax asset recorded onour balance sheet.Income Taxes. GAAP specifies the methodology by which a company must identify, recognize, measure and disclose in its financial statements theeffects of any uncertain tax return reporting positions that it has taken or expects to take. GAAP requires financial statement reporting of the expectedfuture tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumption that all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of thosetax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances, but it prohibits discounting of any of the related tax effects for the timevalue of money.The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is the recognition process to determine if it is more likely than not that a taxposition will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is ameasurement process whereby a tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated to determine the amount ofbenefit/expense to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit/expense that is more likely thannot of being realized upon ultimate settlement.We are currently under federal audit by the Internal Revenue Service for the tax year ended September 30, 2016. The tax years ended September 30,2015 and forward are subject to audit as are prior tax years, to the extent of unutilized net operating losses generated in those years.We anticipate that approximately $5.7 million in liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest, may be reversed in the nexttwelve months. This reversal is predominantly due to the expiration of the statutes of limitation for unrecognized tax benefits.New Accounting Pronouncements. Recent accounting pronouncements are described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — NewAccounting Pronouncements” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and at relevant sections in this discussion and analysis. Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskManagement is actively involved in monitoring exposure to market risk and continues to develop and utilize appropriate risk management techniques.Our exposure to significant market risks includes fluctuations in labor costs and commodity prices for copper, aluminum, steel and fuel. Commodityprice risks may have an impact on our results of operations due to the fixed price nature of many of our contracts. We are also exposed to interest raterisk with respect to our outstanding debt obligations on the Credit Facility. For additional information see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this AnnualReport on Form 10-K.Commodity RiskOur exposure to significant market risks includes fluctuations in commodity prices for copper, aluminum, steel and fuel. Commodity price risks mayhave an impact on our results of operations due to fixed nature of many of 44Table of Contentsour contracts. Over the long-term, we expect to be able to pass along a portion of these costs to our customers, as market conditions in the constructionindustry will allow.Interest Rate RiskWe are subject to interest rate risk on our floating interest rate borrowings. Floating rate debt, where the interest rate fluctuates periodically, exposes usto short-term changes in market interest rates.All of the long-term debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility is structured on floating interest rate terms. A one percentage point increase inthe interest rates on our long-term debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2018 would cause a $0.3 million pre-taxannual increase in interest expense. 45Table of ContentsItem 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 47 Consolidated Balance Sheets 49 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 50 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity 51 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 52 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 53 46Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the shareholders and the Board of Directors of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiariesOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2018 and2017, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the periodended September 30, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements“). In our opinion, the consolidatedfinancial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the results of itsoperations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, in conformity with US generally accepted accountingprinciples.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’sinternal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated December 7, 2018 expressed anunqualified opinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sfinancial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respectto the Company in accordance with the US federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commissionand the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtainreasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits includedperforming procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing proceduresthat respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluatingthe overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLPWe have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002Houston, TexasDecember 7, 2018 47Table of ContentsREPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the shareholders and the Board of Directors of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiariesOpinion on Internal Control over Financial ReportingWe have audited IES Holdings Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on criteria established inInternal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (theCOSO criteria). In our opinion, IES Holdings Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control overfinancial reporting as of September 30, 2018, based on the COSO criteria.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), theconsolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss),stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2018, and the related notes and our report datedDecember 7, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThe Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectivenessof internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Ourresponsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firmregistered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and theapplicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtainreasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testingand evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as weconsidered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial ReportingA company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financialreporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’sinternal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions arerecorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts andexpenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) providereasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could havea material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of anyevaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that thedegree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate./s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLPHouston, TexasDecember 7, 2018 48Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESConsolidated Balance Sheets(In Thousands, Except Share Information) September 30, 2018 2017 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents $26,247 $28,290 Accounts receivable: Trade, net of allowance 151,578 142,946 Retainage 24,312 21,360 Inventories 20,966 16,923 Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 31,446 13,438 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 8,144 8,795 Total current assets 262,693 231,752 Property and equipment, net 25,364 24,643 Goodwill 50,702 46,693 Intangible assets, net 30,590 31,413 Deferred tax assets 46,580 86,211 Other non-current assets 6,065 3,782 Total assets $421,994 $424,494 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 130,591 120,710 Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings 33,826 29,918 Total current liabilities 164,417 150,628 Long-term debt, net of current maturities 29,564 29,434 Other non-current liabilities 4,374 4,457 Total liabilities 198,355 184,519 Noncontrolling interest 3,232 3,271 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding — — Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 22,049,529 shares issued and 21,205,536 and21,336,975 outstanding, respectively 220 220 Treasury stock, at cost, 843,993 and 712,554 shares, respectively (8,937) (6,898) Additional paid-in capital 196,810 196,955 Retained earnings 32,314 46,427 Total stockholders’ equity 220,407 236,704 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $421,994 $424,494 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 49Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)(In Thousands, Except Share Information) Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Revenues $876,828 $810,744 $695,993 Cost of services 726,866 670,246 569,013 Gross profit 149,962 140,498 126,980 Selling, general and administrative expenses 123,920 120,370 100,558 Contingent consideration 103 (145) 652 (Gain) loss on sale of assets (15) (69) 810 Operating income 25,954 20,342 24,960 Interest and other (income) expense: Interest expense 1,946 1,702 1,282 Other (income) expense, net (340) (165) (83) Income from operations before income taxes 24,348 18,805 23,761 Provision (benefit) for income taxes 38,151 5,211 (97,117) Net income (loss) (13,803) 13,594 120,878 Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (354) (172) (100) Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $(14,157) $13,422 $120,778 Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IES Holdings, Inc.: Basic $(0.67) $0.62 $5.63 Diluted $(0.67) $0.62 $5.62 Shares used in the computation of earnings (loss) per share: Basic 21,196,388 21,280,549 21,279,342 Diluted 21,196,388 21,533,254 21,492,339 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 50Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESConsolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity(In Thousands, Except Share Information) Common Stock Treasury Stock RetainedEarnings TotalStockholders’Equity Shares Amount Shares Amount APIC BALANCE, September 30, 2015 22,049,529 $220 (573,788) $(4,401) $193,628 $(88,033) $101,414 Grants under compensation plans — — 5,670 44 (44) — — Acquisition of treasury stock — — (59,872) (685) 95 — (590) Stock forfeitures — — (7,500) (72) 72 — — Options exercised — — 42,500 333 (113) — 220 Non-cash compensation — — — — 1,583 — 1,583 Net income attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. — — — — — 120,778 120,778 BALANCE, September 30, 2016 22,049,529 $220 (592,990) $(4,781) $195,221 $32,745 $223,405 Grants under compensation plans — — 1,803 15 (15) — — Cumulative effect adjustment from adoption ofASU 2016-09 — — — — 59 304 363 Acquisition of treasury stock — — (152,860) (2,367) — — (2,367) Stock forfeitures — — (2,257) (40) 40 — — Options exercised — — 33,750 275 (57) — 218 Non-cash compensation — — — — 1,707 — 1,707 Increase in noncontrolling interest — — — — — (44) (44) Net income attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. — — — — — 13,422 13,422 BALANCE, September 30, 2017 22,049,529 $220 (712,554) $(6,898) $196,955 $46,427 $236,704 Grants under compensation plans — — 520 5 (5) — — Acquisition of treasury stock — — (133,459) (2,059) — — (2,059) Options exercised — — 1,500 15 (4) — 11 Non-cash compensation — — — — (136) — (136) Decrease in noncontrolling interest — — — — — 44 44 Net loss attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. — — — — — (14,157) (14,157) BALANCE, September 30, 2018 22,049,529 $220 (843,993) $(8,937) $196,810 $32,314 $220,407 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 51Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows(In Thousands) Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income (loss) $(13,803) $13,594 $120,878 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Bad debt expense 421 296 360 Deferred financing cost amortization 288 294 345 Depreciation and amortization 8,860 9,634 5,664 Loss (gain) on sale of assets (15) (69) 810 Non-cash compensation expense (136) 1,707 1,583 Deferred income taxes 38,151 6,899 (98,402) Changes in operating assets and liabilities Accounts receivable (7,574) (7,621) (22,439) Inventories (3,970) (1,856) 3,897 Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings (17,840) 2,571 (3,236) Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2,250) (6,798) (1,716) Other non-current assets 274 (510) (1,500) Accounts payable and accrued expenses 6,584 (2,829) 19,676 Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings 3,570 5,898 (936) Other non-current liabilities (336) 1,139 (16) Net cash provided by operating activities 12,224 22,349 24,968 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchases of property and equipment (4,563) (4,589) (3,417) Proceeds from sales of assets 108 270 2,225 Cash paid in conjunction with business combinations (7,406) (20,213) (59,544) Net cash used in investing activities (11,861) (24,532) (60,736) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Borrowings of debt 168 5,434 20,289 Repayments of debt (177) (5,432) (290) Contingent consideration payment — (448) — Distribution to noncontrolling interest (349) (153) — Purchase of treasury stock (2,059) (2,367) (590) Issuance of shares 11 218 220 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (2,406) (2,748) 19,629 NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (2,043) (4,931) (16,139) CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, and RESTRICTED CASH beginning of period 28,290 33,221 49,360 CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, and RESTRICTED CASH end of period $26,247 $28,290 $33,221 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid for interest $1,684 $1,521 $1,009 Cash paid for income taxes (net) $2,839 $2,429 $1,415 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 52Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts)1. BUSINESSDescription of the BusinessIES Holdings, Inc. is a holding company that owns and manages operating subsidiaries in business activities across a variety of end-markets. Ouroperations are currently organized into four principal business segments, based upon the nature of our current services: • Commercial & Industrial — Provider of electrical and mechanical design, construction, and maintenance services to the commercial andindustrial markets in various regional markets and nationwide in certain areas of expertise, such as the power infrastructure market. • Communications — Nationwide provider of technology infrastructure products and services to large corporations and independentbusinesses. • Infrastructure Solutions — Provider of electro-mechanical solutions for industrial operations, including apparatus repair and custom-engineered products. • Residential — Regional provider of electrical installation services for single-family housing and multi-family apartment complexes.The words “IES”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, and “us” refer to IES Holdings, Inc. and, except as otherwise specified herein, to our consolidatedsubsidiaries.Controlling ShareholderAt September 30, 2018, Tontine Associates, L.L.C. and its affiliates (collectively, “Tontine”), was the controlling shareholder of the Company’scommon stock. Accordingly, Tontine has the ability to exercise significant control over our affairs, including the election of directors and most actionsrequiring the approval of shareholders, including the approval of any potential merger or sale of all or substantially all assets or segments of theCompany, or the Company itself. For a more complete discussion on our relationship with Tontine, please refer to Note 3, “Controlling Shareholder” inthe notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESPrinciples of ConsolidationThe accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of IES Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significantintercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.Asset ImpairmentDuring the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded no asset impairment charges.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requiresthe use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent liabilitiesat the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could 53Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) differ from those estimates. Estimates are primarily used in our revenue recognition of construction in progress, fair value assumptions in accountingfor business combinations and analyzing goodwill, investments, intangible assets and long-lived asset impairments and adjustments, allowance fordoubtful accounts receivable, stock-based compensation, reserves for legal matters, realizability of deferred tax assets, unrecognized tax benefits andself-insured claims liabilities and related reserves.Cash and Cash EquivalentsWe consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.InventoriesInventories consist of raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and parts and supplies held for use in the ordinary course of business. Inventory isvalued at the lower of cost or net realizable value generally using the historical average cost or first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. When circumstancesdictate, we write down inventory to its estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand, market conditions, plans for disposal,and physical condition of the product. Where shipping and handling costs on inventory purchases are borne by us, these charges are included ininventory and charged to cost of services upon use in our projects or the providing of services.Securities and Equity InvestmentsOur investments in entities where we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for using the cost method of accounting.Each period, we evaluate whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may indicate an investment has been impaired. If, upon furtherinvestigation of such events, we determine the investment has suffered a decline in value that is other than temporary, we write down the investment toits estimated fair value.Property and EquipmentAdditions of property and equipment are recorded at cost, and depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life ofthe related asset. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and depreciated over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset.Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments, which extend theuseful lives of existing property and equipment, are capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, thecapitalized cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statements ofcomprehensive income in the caption (gain) loss on sale of assets.GoodwillGoodwill attributable to each reporting unit is tested for impairment either by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value orby a qualitative assessment. These impairment tests are required to be performed at least annually. On an ongoing basis (absent any impairmentindicators), we perform an impairment test annually using a measurement date of September 30. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have theoption to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a 54Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater thanits fair value, then we perform an impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing this calculated fair value with thecarrying value of the reporting unit.We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on both a market approach and an income approach, using discounted estimated future cashflows. The market approach uses market multiples of enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for comparablepublicly traded companies. The income approach relies on significant estimates for future cash flows, projected long-term growth rates, and theweighted average cost of capital.Intangible AssetsIntangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on expected economic benefit with no residual value.Debt Issuance CostsDebt issuance costs are included as a reduction of our debt outstanding, and are amortized to interest expense over the scheduled maturity of the debt.Amortization expense of debt issuance costs was $288, $294 and $345, respectively, for the years ended 2018, 2017 and 2016. Remainingunamortized capitalized debt issuance costs were $912 and $1,115 at September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.Revenue RecognitionRevenue is generally recognized once the following four criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery of the producthas occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the price of the product or service is fixed and determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonablyassured. Costs associated with these services are recognized within the period they are incurred.We recognize revenue on project contracts using the percentage of completion method. Project contracts generally provide that customers acceptcompletion of progress to date and compensate us for services rendered measured in terms of units installed, hours expended or some other measure ofprogress. We recognize revenue on both signed contracts and change orders. A discussion of our treatment of claims and unapproved change orders isdescribed later in this section. Percentage of completion for construction contracts is measured principally by the percentage of costs incurred andaccrued to date for each contract to the estimated total cost for each contract at completion. We generally consider contracts to be substantiallycomplete upon departure from the work site and acceptance by the customer. Contract costs include all direct material, labor and insurance costs andthose indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs. Changes in job performance,job conditions, estimated contract costs and profitability and final contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and the effects ofthese revisions are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for total estimated losses on uncompleted contracts aremade in the period in which such losses are determined. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to retainage provisions in projectcontracts are typically due upon completion of the contracts and acceptance by the customer. Based on our experience, the retention balance at eachbalance sheet date will be collected within the subsequent fiscal year.Certain divisions in the Residential and Infrastructure Solutions segments use the completed contract method of accounting because the duration oftheir contracts are short in nature. We recognize revenue on completed contracts when the project is complete and billable to the customer. Provisionsfor estimated losses on these contracts are recorded in the period such losses are determined. 55Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) The current asset “Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings” represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed which managementbelieves will generally be billed and collected within the next twelve months. Also included in this asset, from time to time, are claims and unapprovedchange orders which are amounts we are in the process of collecting from our customers or agencies for changes in contract specifications or design,contract change orders in dispute or unapproved as to scope and price, or other related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs. Claims arelimited to costs incurred and are recorded at estimated realizable value when collection is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We do notrecognize profits on project costs incurred in connection with claims. Claims made by us involve negotiation and, in certain cases, litigation. Suchlitigation costs are expensed as incurred. As of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no material revenues recorded associated with anyoutstanding claims or unapproved change orders. The current liability “Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings” represents billings in excessof revenues recognized. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings are amounts considered recoverable from customers based on differentmeasures of performance, including achievement of specific milestones or completion of specified units designated within the contract.Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful AccountsWe record accounts receivable for all amounts billed and not collected. Generally, we do not charge interest on outstanding accounts receivable;however, from time to time we may believe it necessary to charge interest on a case by case basis. Additionally, we provide an allowance for doubtfulaccounts for specific accounts receivable where collection is considered doubtful as well as for general unknown collection issues based on historicaltrends. Accounts receivable not determined to be collectible are written off as deemed necessary in the period such determination is made. As iscommon in our industry, some of these receivables are in litigation or require us to exercise our contractual lien rights in order to collect. Thesereceivables are primarily associated with a few branches within our Commercial & Industrial segment. Certain other receivables are slow-pay in natureand require us to exercise our contractual or lien rights. Our allowance for doubtful accounts at September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $868 and $650,respectively. We believe that our allowance for doubtful accounts is sufficient to cover uncollectible receivables as of September 30, 2018.Comprehensive Income (Loss)Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and distributions tostockholders.Income TaxesWe follow the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded forthe future income tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, and aremeasured using enacted tax rates and laws.We regularly evaluate valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which future realization is uncertain. We perform this evaluation on aquarterly basis. The estimation of required valuation allowances includes estimates of future taxable income. In assessing the realizability of deferredtax assets at September 30, 2018, we concluded, based upon the assessment of positive and negative evidence, that it is more likely than not that theCompany will generate sufficient taxable income within the applicable NOL carryforward periods to realize its net deferred tax assets of $46,580. Weconsidered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Ifactual future taxable income is different from these estimates, our results could be affected. 56Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted, which, among other changes, reduced the federal statutory corporate tax ratefrom 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of this change, the Company’s statutory tax rate for fiscal 2018 will be a blended rate of24.53% and will decrease to 21% thereafter. For the twelve months ended September 30, 2018, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory tax rateas a result of a charge of $31,333 to re-measure our deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the estimated impact of the new statutory tax rate,slightly offset by a benefit of $1,908 related to the reversal of an uncertain tax position. This benefit differs from the expected recognition of $3,284 asdisclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2017, as a result of the decrease in the statutory tax rate.On May 12, 2006, we had a change in ownership as defined in Internal Revenue Code Section 382. Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limits theutilization of net operating losses that existed as of the change in ownership in tax periods subsequent to the change in ownership. As such, ourutilization after the change date of net operating losses in existence as of the change in ownership is subject to Internal Revenue Code Section 382limitations for federal income taxes and some state income taxes.Risk ManagementWe retain the risk for workers’ compensation, employer’s liability, automobile liability, construction defects, general liability and employee grouphealth claims, as well as pollution coverage, resulting from uninsured deductibles per accident or occurrence which are generally subject to annualaggregate limits. Our general liability program provides coverage for bodily injury and property damage. In many cases, we insure third parties,including general contractors, as additional insureds under our insurance policies. Losses are accrued based upon our known claims incurred and anestimate of claims incurred but not reported. Each year, we compile our historical data pertaining to the insurance experiences and actuarially developthe ultimate loss associated with our insurance programs other than pollution coverage for our Infrastructure Solutions segment. We believe that theactuarial valuation provides the best estimate of the ultimate losses to be expected under these programs.The undiscounted ultimate losses of our workers’ compensation, auto and general liability insurance reserves at September 30, 2018, and 2017, was$5,286 and $5,306, respectively. Based on historical payment patterns, we expect payments of undiscounted ultimate losses to be made as follows: Year Ended September 30: 2019 $1,748 2020 1,144 2021 746 2022 429 2023 216 Thereafter 1,003 Total $5,286 We elect to discount the ultimate losses above to present value using an approximate risk-free rate over the average life of our insurance claims. For theyears ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the discount rate used was 2.9 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. The present value of all insurancereserves for the employee group health claims, workers’ compensation, auto and general liability recorded at September 30, 2018, and 2017 was $6,202and $6,204, respectively. Our employee group health claims are anticipated to be resolved within the year ended September 30, 2019. 57Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) We had letters of credit totaling $6,101 outstanding at September 30, 2018 to collateralize certain of our high deductible insurance obligations.Realization of Long-Lived AssetsWe evaluate the recoverability of property and equipment and other long-lived assets as facts and circumstances indicate that any of those assets mightbe impaired. If an evaluation is required for our assets we plan to hold and use, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the assetare compared to the asset’s carrying amount to determine if an impairment of such property has occurred. The effect of any impairment would be toexpense the difference between the fair value of such property and its carrying value. Estimated fair values are determined based on expected futurecash flows discounted at a rate we believe incorporates the time value of money, the expectations about future cash flows and an appropriate riskpremium.For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, no indicators of impairments were identified, and no impairment charges were recorded.Risk ConcentrationFinancial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash deposits and accounts receivable.Through delayed payment terms, we at times grant credit, usually without collateral, to our customers, who are generally large public companies,contractors and homebuilders throughout the United States. Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business andeconomic factors throughout the United States, specifically, within the construction, homebuilding and mission critical facility markets. However, weare entitled to payment for work performed and generally have certain lien rights in that work. Further, management believes that its contractacceptance, billing and collection policies are adequate to manage potential credit risk. We routinely maintain cash balances in financial institutionsin excess of federally insured limits. We periodically assess the financial condition of these institutions where these funds are held and believe thecredit risk is minimal. We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents in money market mutual funds. There can be no assurance, however,that we will not be adversely affected by credit risks we face.No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsOur financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable, and a loan agreement. We believethat the carrying value of financial instruments, with the exception of our cost method investment in EnerTech Capital Partners II L.P. (“Enertech”), aprivate investment fund classified as other non-current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, approximates their fair value due totheir short-term nature. The carrying value of our debt approximates fair value, as debt incurs interest at a variable rate.We estimate the fair value of our investment in EnerTech (Level 3) using quoted market prices for underlying publicly traded securities, and estimatedenterprise values determined using cash flow projections and market multiples of the underlying non-public companies. For additional information,please refer to Note 6, “Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts — Securities and Equity Investments.” 58Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Stock-Based CompensationWe measure and record compensation expense for all share-based payment awards based on the fair value of the awards granted at the date of grant. Thefair value of restricted stock awards and phantom stock unit awards is determined based on the number of shares granted and the closing price of IES’scommon stock on the date of grant. For awards vesting upon achievement of a market condition, the likelihood of achieving that market condition isconsidered in determining the fair value of the grant, which we expense ratably over the vesting period. For awards vesting upon achievement of aperformance condition, we record expense based on the grant date fair value when it becomes probable the performance condition will be achieved.Forfeitures are recorded in the period in which they occur. The resulting compensation expense from discretionary awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.Deferred Compensation PlansThe Company maintains a rabbi trust to fund certain deferred compensation plans. The securities held by the trust are classified as trading securities.The investments are recorded at fair value and are classified as other non-current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as ofSeptember 30, 2018, and 2017. The changes in fair values are recorded as a component of other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements ofComprehensive Income (Loss).The corresponding deferred compensation liability is included in other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and changes in thisobligation are recognized as adjustments to compensation expense in the period in which they are determined.Noncontrolling InterestIn connection with our acquisitions of STR Mechanical, LLC (“STR Mechanical”) in fiscal 2016 and NEXT Electric, LLC (“NEXT Electric”) in fiscal2017, we acquired 80 percent interests in these entities, and the remaining 20 percent was retained by the third party sellers. The interests retained bythose third party sellers are identified on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as noncontrolling interest, classified outside of permanent equity. Under theterms of the operating agreements governing these entities, after five years from the dates of the acquisitions, we may elect to purchase, or the thirdparty sellers may require us to purchase, part of all of the remaining 20 percent interests in these entities. The purchase price is variable, based on amultiple of earnings as defined in the operating agreements. Therefore, this noncontrolling interest is carried at the greater of the balance determinedunder ASC 810 and the redemption amounts assuming the noncontrolling interests were redeemable at the balance sheet date. If all of these interestshad been redeemable at September 30, 2018, the redemption amount would have been $2,579. See Note 18, “Business Combinations and Divestitures”for further discussion. For the year ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an increase to retained earnings of $44 to offset an increase tononcontrolling interest recorded in fiscal 2017, decreasing the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest in STR to the balance determined underASC 810, as if it had been redeemable at September 30, 2018, as the redemption amount would have been less than the carrying amount.Accounting Standards Not Yet AdoptedIn May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU2014-09”), a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard which will supersede previous existing revenue recognition guidance. The standardcreates a five-step model for revenue recognition that requires companies to exercise judgment when considering contract terms and relevant facts and 59Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) circumstances. The standard also requires expanded disclosures surrounding revenue recognition. The effective date will be the first quarter of ourfiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The standard allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption, and we plan to use themodified retrospective basis on the adoption date. Under the new standard, we have identified a limited number of arrangements that will no longerqualify for percentage of completion accounting, and revenue will be recognized on a completed contract basis. We do not expect that this standardwill have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-01”). This standard is associated with the recognition andmeasurement of financial assets and liabilities, with further clarifications made in February 2018 with the issuance of ASU 2018-03. The amendedguidance requires certain equity investments that are not consolidated and not accounted for under the equity method to be measured at fair value withchanges in fair value recognized in net income rather than as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). It further states that anentity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values using a quantitative approach, or measurementalternative, which is equal to its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactionsfor the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. This update is effective for annual financial reporting periods, and interim periods withinthose annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, although early adoption is permitted.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, lessees will need to recognize a right-of-use assetand a lease liability for all of their leases, other than those that meet the definition of a short-term lease. For income statement purposes, leases must beclassified as either operating or finance. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense, similar to current operating leases, while finance leaseswill result in a front-loaded expense pattern, similar to current capital leases. ASU 2016-02 becomes effective for the fiscal year ended September 30,2020. We are currently evaluating the expected impact it will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations. This standard clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities withevaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The new standard is effective for annualfinancial reporting periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The prospective transition methodwill be required for this new guidance.In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASU 2017-09”), to reduce the diversity in practice and the costand complexity when changing the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This update is effective for annual financial reporting periods,and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, although early adoption is permitted. The prospective transitionmethod will be required for this new guidance.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation — Stock Compensation, to simplify the accounting for share-based payments tononemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments for employees, with certain exceptions. Under the new guidance, the costfor nonemployee awards may be lower and less volatile than under current US GAAP because the measurement generally will occur earlier and will befixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual financial reporting periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning afterDecember 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted.In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement Disclosure Framework, to modify certain disclosure requirements for fairvalue measurements. Under the new guidance, registrants will need to disclose weighted average information for significant unobservable inputs for allLevel 3 fair value 60Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) measurements. The guidance does not specify how entities should calculate the weighted average, but requires them to explain their calculation. Thenew guidance also requires disclosing the changes in unrealized gain and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurringLevel 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at the end of the reporting period. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, although early adoption is permitted for either the entire standard or only theprovisions that eliminate or modify the requirements.We do not expect ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-01 ASU 2017-09, ASU 2018-07, or 2018-13 to have a material effect on our Consolidated FinancialStatements.3. CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERAt September 30, 2018, Tontine was the controlling shareholder, owning approximately 59 percent of the Company’s outstanding common stockaccording to a Form 4 filed with the SEC by Tontine on October 3, 2018. Accordingly, Tontine has the ability to exercise significant control over ouraffairs, including the election of directors and most actions requiring the approval of shareholders.While Tontine is subject to restrictions under federal securities laws on sales of its shares as an affiliate, the Company has filed a shelf registrationstatement to register all of the shares of IES common stock owned by Tontine at the time of registration. As long as the shelf registration statementremains effective and the Company remains eligible to use it, Tontine has the ability to resell any or all of its registered shares from time to time in oneor more offerings, as described in the shelf registration statement and in any prospectus supplement filed in connection with an offering pursuant to theshelf registration statement.Should Tontine sell or otherwise dispose of all or a portion of its position in IES, a change in ownership of IES could occur. A change in ownership, asdefined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382, could reduce the availability of the Company’s net operating losses (“NOLs”) for federal and stateincome tax purposes. On November 8, 2016, the Company implemented a new tax benefit protection plan (the “NOL Rights Plan”). The NOL RightsPlan was designed to deter an acquisition of the Company’s stock in excess of a threshold amount that could trigger a change of control within themeaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 382. There can be no assurance that the NOL Rights Plan will be effective in deterring a change ofownership or protecting the NOLs. Furthermore, a change in control would trigger the change of control provisions in a number of our materialagreements, including our credit facility, bonding agreements with our sureties and our severance arrangements.Jeffrey L. Gendell was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors and as non-executive Chairman of the Board in November 2016. He is themanaging member and founder of Tontine, and the brother of David B. Gendell, who has served as a member of the Board of Directors since February2012 and as Interim Director of Operations of the Company since November 2017, and who previously served as non-executive Vice Chairman of theBoard from November 2016 to November 2017 and as non-executive Chairman of the Board from January 2015 to November 2016. David B. Gendellwas an employee of Tontine from 2004 until December 31, 2017.The Company is party to a sublease agreement with Tontine Associates, LLC, an affiliate of Tontine, for corporate office space in Greenwich,Connecticut. The lease was renewed for a three-year term in April 2016 with an increase in the monthly rent to $8, reflecting the increase paid byTontine Associates, LLC to its landlord and the Company’s increased use of the corporate office space. The lease has terms at market rates andpayments by the Company are at a rate consistent with that paid by Tontine Associates, LLC to its landlord.On December 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Board Observer Letter Agreement with Tontine Associates, L.L.C. in order to assist Tontine inmanaging its investment in the Company. Subject to the terms and conditions 61Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) set forth in the Agreement, the Company granted Tontine the right, at any time that Tontine holds at least 20% of the outstanding common stock of theCompany, to appoint a representative to serve as an observer to the Board (the “Board Observer”). The Board Observer, who shall serve at thediscretion of and must be reasonably acceptable to those members of the Board who are not affiliates of Tontine, shall have no voting rights or otherdecision making authority. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement, so long as Tontine has the right to appoint a BoardObserver, the Board Observer will have the right to attend and participate in meetings of the Board and the committees thereof, subject toconfidentiality requirements, and to receive reimbursement for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in his or her capacity as a Board Observerand such rights to coverage under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy as are available to other directors.4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTProperty and equipment consists of the following: EstimatedUsefulLivesin Years Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 Land N/A $1,348 $1,076 Buildings and Improvements 5-20 12,479 11,675 Machinery and equipment 3-10 27,443 23,190 Information systems (1) 2-8 7,854 14,318 Furniture and fixtures 5-7 1,579 1,693 $50,703 $51,952 Less-Accumulated depreciation (25,613) (27,862) Construction in progress 274 553 Property and equipment, net $25,364 $24,643 (1)During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we retired $6,651 in fully depreciated assets.Depreciation expense was $4,759, $3,840 and $2,727, respectively, for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.5. PER SHARE INFORMATIONBasic earnings per share is calculated as income (loss) available to common stockholders, divided by the weighted average number of common sharesoutstanding during the period. If the effect is dilutive, participating securities are included in the computation of basic earnings per share. Ourparticipating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses in any given period. As a result, these participating securities will notbe allocated any losses in the periods of net losses, but will be allocated income in the periods of net income using the two-class method. 62Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) The following table reconciles the components of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and2016: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders of IESHoldings, Inc. $(14,113) $13,275 $119,722 Increase (decrease) in noncontrolling interest (44) 44 — Net income attributable to restricted shareholders of IES Holdings,Inc. — 103 1,056 Net income (loss) attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $(14,157) $13,422 $120,778 Denominator: Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic 21,196,388 21,280,549 21,279,342 Effect of dilutive stock options and non-vested restricted stock — 252,705 212,997 Weighted average common and common equivalent sharesoutstanding — diluted 21,196,388 21,533,254 21,492,339 Earnings (loss) per share attributable to IES Holdings, Inc.: Basic $(0.67) $0.62 $5.63 Diluted $(0.67) $0.62 $5.62 When an entity has a net loss, it is prohibited from including potential common shares in the computation of diluted per share amounts. Accordingly,we have utilized basic shares outstanding to calculate both basic and diluted loss per share for the year ended September 30, 2018. The number ofpotential anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation was 301,879 shares for the year ended September 30, 2018. For the years endedSeptember 30, 2017 and 2016, the average price of our common shares exceeded the exercise price of all of our outstanding options; therefore, all ofour outstanding stock options were included in the computation of fully diluted earnings per share.6. DETAIL OF CERTAIN BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTSActivity in our allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable consists of the following: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of period $650 $736 Additions to costs and expenses 515 294 Deductions for uncollectible receivables written off, net of recoveries (297) (380) Balance at end of period $868 $650 63Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Accounts payable, trade $75,293 $63,246 Accrued compensation and benefits 34,058 33,561 Accrued insurance liabilities 6,202 6,204 Other accrued expenses 15,038 17,699 $130,591 $120,710 Contracts in progress are as follows: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Costs incurred on contracts in progress $476,609 $486,950 Estimated earnings 62,617 55,606 539,226 542,556 Less — Billings to date (541,606) (559,036) Net contracts in progress $(2,380) $(16,480) Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings 31,446 13,438 Less — Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings (33,826) (29,918) Net contracts in progress $(2,380) $(16,480) Other non-current assets are comprised of the following: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Executive Savings Plan assets 747 641 Securities and equity investments 558 558 Other 4,760 2,583 Total $6,065 $3,782 Securities and Equity InvestmentsAt September 30, 2018, and 2017, we held an investment in EnerTech, a private investment fund. As our investment was 2.21% of the overallownership in EnerTech at September 30, 2018, and 2017, we account for this investment using the cost method of accounting. EnerTech’s investmentportfolio from time to time results in unrealized losses reflecting a possible, other-than-temporary, impairment of our investment. The carrying value ofour investment in EnerTech at both September 30, 2018, and 2017 was $558. 64Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) The following table presents the reconciliation of the carrying value and unrealized gains to the fair value of the investment in EnerTech as ofSeptember 30, 2018, and 2017: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Carrying value $558 $558 Unrealized gains 224 171 Fair value $782 $729 At each reporting date, the Company performs an evaluation of impairment for securities to determine if any unrealized losses are other-than-temporary. For equity securities, this evaluation considers a number of factors including, but not limited to, the length of time and extent to which thefair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer and management’s ability and intent to hold thesecurities until fair value recovers. The assessment of the ability and intent to hold these securities to recovery focuses on liquidity needs, asset andliability management objectives and securities portfolio objectives. Based on the results of this evaluation, we believe the unrealized gain atSeptember 30, 2018 indicated our investment was not impaired.7. DEBTDebt consists of the following: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Revolving loan (long-term debt) $30,247 $30,257 Debt issuance costs (912) (1,115) Other long-term debt 229 292 Total debt $29,564 $29,434 At September 30, 2018, we had $48,144 available to us under our revolving credit facility, $6,609 in outstanding letters of credit with Wells Fargo and$30,247 outstanding borrowings on our term loan facility under our revolving credit facility (our “revolving loan”). All amounts outstanding underour Revolving Loan are due and payable in 2021, upon expiration of our revolving credit facility, and all amounts described as available are availablewithout triggering our financial covenant under the credit facility.Our weighted-average annual interest rate on these borrowings was 3.86% at September 30, 2018, and 3.04% at September 30, 2017. For the yearsended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we incurred interest expense of $1,946, $1,702 and $1,282, respectively.The Revolving Credit FacilityWe maintain a $100,000 revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., that matures in August 2021 (as amended, the “Credit Facility”),pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which was further amended on July 14,2017, August 2, 2017, and July 23, 2018 (as amended, the “Amended Credit Agreement”). 65Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Pursuant to the July 23, 2018 amendment, we are required to comply with the minimum EBITDA financial covenant of the Credit Agreement in a givenquarter only if our Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) in the immediately following quarter, as tested monthly duringthat quarter, falls below $30,000. If, in a subsequent quarter, Excess Availability levels return to or exceed the contractual threshold, then the Companywill no longer be required to comply with the minimum EBITDA financial covenant, so long as Excess Availability remains above threshold.Terms of the Amended Credit AgreementThe Credit Facility contains other customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, as well as events of default.As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with the financial covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement, requiring that we maintain: • a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), measured quarterly on a trailing four-quarter basis at theend of each quarter, of at least 1.1 to 1.0; and • minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least thirty percent (30%) of the Maximum Revolver Amount (asdefined in the Amended Credit Agreement), or $30,000; with, for purposes of this covenant, at least fifty percent (50%) of our Liquiditycomprised of Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement).At September 30, 2018, our Liquidity was $74,391 and our Excess Availability was $48,144 (or greater than 50% of minimum Liquidity), our FixedCharge Coverage Ratio was 7.9:1.0. As our Excess Availability at September 30, 2018, exceeded $30,000, we were not required to meet the minimumEBITDA financial covenant of $35,000 for the four quarters ended September 30, 2018. However, our EBITDA, as defined in the Amended CreditAgreement for the four quarters ended September 30, 2018 was $36,964.Our Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is calculated as follows (with capitalized terms as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement): (i) our trailing twelvemonth EBITDA, less non-financed capital expenditures (other than capital expenditures financed by means of an advance under the credit facility),cash taxes and all Restricted Junior Payments consisting of certain pass-through tax liabilities, divided by (ii) the sum of our cash interest (other thaninterest paid-in-kind, amortization of financing fees, and other non-cash interest expense) and principal debt payments (other than repayment ofprincipal on advances under the credit facility and including cash payments with respect to capital leases), any management, consulting, monitoring,and advisory fees paid to an affiliate, and all Restricted Junior Payments (other than pass-through tax liabilities) and other cash distributions; provided,that if any acquisition is consented to by lender after the date of the Amended Credit Agreement, the components of the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratiowill be calculated for such fiscal period after giving pro forma effect to the acquisition assuming that such transaction has occurred on the first day ofsuch period (including pro forma adjustments arising out of events which are directly attributable to such acquisition, are factually supportable, andare expected to have a continuing impact, in each case to be reasonably agreed to by the lender).As defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, EBITDA is calculated as consolidated net income (or loss), less extraordinary gains, interest income,non-operating income and income tax benefits and decreases in any change in LIFO reserves, plus stock compensation expense, non-cashextraordinary losses (including, but not limited to, a non-cash impairment charge or write-down), interest expense, income taxes, depreciation andamortization, increases in any change in LIFO reserves and losses from the wind-down of our Denver and Roanoke branches, 66Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) up to a maximum exclusion of $5,000 for a given measurement period, in each case, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP;provided, that if any acquisition is consented to by lender after the date of the Amended Credit Agreement, EBITDA for such fiscal period shall becalculated after giving pro forma effect to the acquisition assuming that such transaction has occurred on the first day of such period (including proforma adjustments arising out of events which are directly attributable to such acquisition, are factually supportable, and are expected to have acontinuing impact, in each case to be reasonably agreed to by Lender).If in the future our Liquidity falls below $30,000 (or Excess Availability falls below 50% of our minimum Liquidity), our Fixed Charge CoverageRatio is less than 1.1:1.0, we fail to meet our minimum EBITDA requirement, or if we otherwise fail to perform or otherwise comply with certain of ourcovenants or other agreements under the Amended Credit Agreement, it would result in an event of default under the Amended Credit Agreement,which could result in some or all of our indebtedness becoming immediately due and payable.At September 30, 2018, the carrying value of amounts outstanding on our revolving credit facility approximated fair value, as debt incurs interest at avariable rate. The fair value of the debt is classified as a Level 2 measurement.8. LEASESWe enter into operating leases for many of our facilities, vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow us to retain cash, and we pay a monthly leaserental fee. At the end of the lease, we have no further obligation to the lessor. We may cancel or terminate a lease before the end of its term. Typically,we would be liable to the lessor for various lease cancellation or termination costs and the difference between the fair market value of the leased assetand the implied book value of the leased asset as calculated in accordance with the lease agreement.For a discussion of leases with certain related parties which are included below, see Note 12 “Related-Party Transactions.”Rent expense was $7,680, $6,990 and $5,868 for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Future minimum lease payments under these non-cancelable operating leases that had commenced as of September 30, 2018 with terms in excess ofone year are as follows: Year Ended September 30: 2019 $9,460 2020 7,437 2021 4,925 2022 3,317 2023 1,805 Thereafter 3,229 Total $30,173 67Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) 9. INCOME TAXESFederal and state income tax provisions are as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Federal: Current $(2,345) $(3,092) $762 Deferred 38,744 6,384 (97,093) State: Current 1,536 1,432 952 Deferred 216 487 (1,738) Total provision for income taxes $38,151 $5,211 $(97,117) Actual income tax expense differs from income tax expense computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory corporate rate to income (loss) beforeincome taxes as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Provision at the statutory rate (1) $5,973 $6,582 $8,316 Increase resulting from: Non-deductible expenses 1,003 966 1,557 State income taxes, net of federal deduction 1,193 1,003 1,105 Change in valuation allowance 1,761 142 — Rate change 31,333 — — Other 183 17 — Decrease resulting from: Change in valuation allowance — — (108,987) Contingent tax liabilities (1,908) (3,499) (96) State deferred true up (1,387) — — Other — — 988 Total provision for income taxes $38,151 $5,211 $(97,117) (1)A statutory rate of 24.53% was used in 2018 and 35% in both 2017 and 2016. The lower effective tax rate used in 2018 is related to theenactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017. 68Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Deferred income tax provisions result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expenses for financial reporting purposes and forincome tax purposes. The income tax effects of these temporary differences, representing deferred income tax assets and liabilities, result principallyfrom the following: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Deferred income tax assets: Allowance for doubtful accounts $207 $243 Accrued expenses 8,054 12,915 Net operating loss carryforward 46,881 77,497 Various reserves 1,172 1,807 Equity losses in affiliate 119 82 Share-based compensation 665 1,570 Capital loss carryforward 94 337 Other 712 3,195 Subtotal 57,904 97,646 Less valuation allowance 4,127 2,366 Total deferred income tax assets $53,777 $95,280 Deferred income tax liabilities: Property and equipment $1,122 $2,019 Intangible assets 5,499 6,548 Other 576 502 Total deferred income tax liabilities 7,197 9,069 Net deferred income tax assets $46,580 $86,211 In fiscal 2018 and 2017, the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets increased by $1,761 and $142, respectively, which is included in“Provision (benefits) for income taxes” in our Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement.In 2002, we adopted a tax accounting method change that allowed us to deduct goodwill for income tax purposes that had previously been classifiedas non-deductible. The accounting method change resulted in additional amortizable tax basis in goodwill. We believe the realization of theadditional tax basis in goodwill is not more likely than not and have not recorded a deferred tax asset. Although a deferred tax asset has not beenrecorded through September 30, 2018, we have derived a cumulative cash tax reduction of $11,487 from the change in tax accounting method and thesubsequent amortization of the additional tax goodwill. We have a tax basis of $1,448 in additional tax goodwill from current year acquisitions.As of September 30, 2018, we had available approximately $355,302 of federal net tax operating loss carry forward for federal income tax purposes, ofwhich $133,291 resulting from the additional amortization of tax goodwill has not been recorded as a deferred tax asset. This carry forward, which mayprovide future tax benefits, will begin to expire in 2026. On May 12, 2006, we had a change in ownership as defined in Internal Revenue CodeSection 382. As such, our utilization after the change in control date of our net operating loss in existence as of the change of control date was subjectto Section 382 limitations for federal income taxes and some state income taxes. The annual limitation under Section 382 on the utilization of federalnet operating losses was approximately $20,000 for the first five tax years subsequent to the change in ownership and $16,000 thereafter.Approximately $300,400 of federal net operating losses will not be subject to this limitation. Also, 69Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) after applying the Section 382 limitation to available state net operating loss carry forwards, we had available approximately $100,772 state net taxoperating loss carry forwards, including $8,806 resulting from the additional amortization of tax goodwill which begins to expire as of September 30,2019. We have provided valuation allowances on all net operating losses where it is determined it is more likely than not that they will expire withoutbeing utilized.In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets at September 30, 2018, we considered whether it was more likely than not that some portion or all ofthe deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during theperiods in which these temporary differences become deductible. We believe that $4,247 and $696 of federal and state deferred tax assets, respectively,will be realized by offsetting reversing deferred tax liabilities. In addition, we have $681 of net state deferred tax assets that we expect will be realized,and therefore valuation allowances were not provided for these assets. As a result, we have recorded a net deferred tax asset of $46,580 on ourConsolidated Balance Sheets. We will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of our remaining deferred tax assets and need for valuation allowanceson a quarterly basis. Further, any future reduction in the federal statutory tax rate could result in a charge to reduce the book value of the net deferredtax assets recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.As a result of the reorganization and related adjustment to the book basis in goodwill, we have tax basis in excess of book basis in amortizablegoodwill of approximately $23,735. The tax basis in amortizable goodwill in excess of book basis is not reflected as a deferred tax asset. To the extentthe amortization of the excess tax basis results in a cash tax benefit, the benefit will first go to reduce goodwill, then other long-term intangible assets,and then tax expense.GAAP requires financial statement reporting of the expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax return reporting positions on the presumptionthat all relevant tax authorities possess full knowledge of those tax reporting positions, as well as all of the pertinent facts and circumstances, but itprohibits discounting of any of the related tax effects for the time value of money. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first stepis the recognition process to determine if it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxingauthority, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is a measurement process whereby a tax position that meets the more likelythan not recognition threshold is calculated to determine the amount of benefit/expense to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position ismeasured at the largest amount of benefit/expense that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. 70Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of unrecognized tax benefit is as follows: Year EndedSeptember 30, 2018 2017 Balance at October 1, $51,968 $55,867 Additions for position related to current year 13 207 Additions for positions of prior years 272 — Reduction resulting from the lapse of the applicable statutes of limitations 3,361 3,707 Reduction resulting from rate change 18,636 — Reduction resulting from positions of prior years — 399 Reduction resulting from settlement of positions of prior years — — Balance at September 30, $30,256 $51,968 As of September 30, 2018, and 2017, $30,256 and $51,968, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits would result in a decrease in the provision forincome tax expense, of which $28,453 and $50,180 for each of those years, respectively, relates to net operating loss from additional goodwillresulting from the tax accounting method change discussed above for which a deferred tax asset has not been recorded. We anticipate thatapproximately $5,754 in liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest, may be reversed in the next twelve months. The reversalis predominately due to the expiration of the statutes of limitation for unrecognized tax benefits.We had approximately $35 and $14 accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We recognizeinterest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of the provision for income taxes.We are currently under federal audit by the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the year ended September 30, 2016. The tax years endedSeptember 30, 2015, and forward are subject to federal audit as are tax years prior to September 30, 2015, to the extent of unutilized net operatinglosses generated in those years. The tax years ended September 30, 2014, and forward are subject to state audits as are tax years prior to September 30,2014, to the extent of unutilized net operating losses generated in those years.10. OPERATING SEGMENTSWe manage and measure performance of our business in four distinct operating segments: Commercial & Industrial, Communications, InfrastructureSolutions and Residential. These segments are reflective of how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews operating resultsfor the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its President.Transactions between segments, if any, are eliminated in consolidation. Our corporate office provides general and administrative, as well as supportservices, to our four operating segments. Management allocates certain shared costs between segments for selling, general and administrative expensesand depreciation expense. 71Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Segment information for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial &Industrial Communications InfrastructureSolutions Residential Corporate Total Revenues $274,299 $219,655 $97,163 $285,711 $— $876,828 Cost of services 244,656 179,518 75,337 227,355 — 726,866 Gross profit 29,643 40,137 21,826 58,356 — 149,962 Selling, general and administrative 27,031 26,003 18,293 41,401 11,192 123,920 Contingent consideration (100) (85) 288 — — 103 Loss (gain) on sale of assets (37) (4) 18 8 — (15) Income (loss) from operations $2,749 $14,223 $3,227 $16,947 $(11,192) $25,954 Other data: Depreciation and amortization expense $2,197 $1,247 $4,672 $637 $107 $8,860 Capital expenditures $2,216 $647 $735 $932 $33 $4,563 Total assets $89,729 $80,528 $109,506 $55,176 $87,055 $421,994 Year Ended September 30, 2017 Commercial &Industrial Communications InfrastructureSolutions Residential Corporate Total Revenues $227,606 $225,275 $83,824 $274,039 $— $810,744 Cost of services 208,619 187,419 63,399 210,809 — 670,246 Gross profit 18,987 37,856 20,425 63,230 — 140,498 Selling, general and administrative 20,170 24,219 17,859 43,689 14,433 120,370 Contingent consideration — — (145) — — (145) Loss (gain) on sale of assets (32) (1) (79) 43 — (69) Income (loss) from operations $(1,151) $13,638 $2,790 $19,498 $(14,433) $20,342 Other data: Depreciation and amortization expense $1,648 $740 $6,412 $565 $269 $9,634 Capital expenditures $1,241 $2,046 $538 $561 $203 $4,589 Total assets $84,756 $63,917 $106,114 $51,994 $117,713 $424,494 72Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Year Ended September 30, 2016 Commercial &Industrial Communications InfrastructureSolutions Residential Corporate Total Revenues $222,466 $189,635 $58,003 $225,889 $— $695,993 Cost of services 197,679 157,104 42,356 171,874 — 569,013 Gross profit 24,787 32,531 15,647 54,015 — 126,980 Selling, general and administrative 17,169 20,839 12,404 37,585 12,561 100,558 Contingent Consideration — — 652 — — 652 Loss (gain) on sale of assets (17) — 826 1 — 810 Income (loss) from operations $7,635 $11,692 $1,765 $16,429 $(12,561) $24,960 Other data: Depreciation and amortization expense $1,234 $577 $3,072 $509 $272 $5,664 Capital expenditures $795 $1,102 $721 $704 $95 $3,417 Total assets $59,763 $68,018 $89,447 $43,195 $133,917 $394,340 11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYEquity Incentive PlanThe Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “Equity Incentive Plan”), provides for grants of stock options as well asgrants of stock, including restricted stock. Approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the Equity IncentivePlan, of which approximately 1,113,476 shares were available for issuance at September 30, 2018.Stock Repurchase ProgramOur Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase from time to time of up to 1.5 million shares of the Company’scommon stock. Share purchases are made for cash in open market transactions at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions orotherwise. The timing and amount of purchases under the program are determined based upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements,contractual restrictions and other factors. All or part of the repurchases may be implemented under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, which allowsrepurchases under pre-set terms at times when the Company might otherwise be prevented from purchasing under insider trading laws or because ofself-imposed blackout periods. The program does not require the Company to purchase any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspendedor reinstated at any time at the Company’s discretion and without notice.We repurchased 100,627 shares of our common stock during the year ended September 30, 2018, in open market transactions at an average price of$15.41 per share.We repurchased 145,484 shares of our common stock during the year ended September 30, 2017, in open market transactions at an average price of$15.37 per share.Treasury StockDuring the year ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 32,832 shares of common stock from our employees to satisfy minimum tax withholdingrequirements upon the vesting of restricted stock under the Equity Incentive Plan and repurchased 100,627 shares of common stock on the open marketpursuant to our stock repurchase 73Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) program. During the year ended September 30, 2018, we issued 520 unrestricted shares of common stock from treasury stock to members of our Boardof Directors as part of their overall compensation and 1,500 unrestricted shares to satisfy the exercise of outstanding options.During the year ended September 30, 2017, we repurchased 7,376 shares of common stock from our employees to satisfy minimum tax withholdingrequirements upon the vesting of restricted stock issued under the Equity Incentive Plan, 145,484 shares of common stock were repurchased on theopen market pursuant to our stock repurchase program, and 2,257 shares of common stock were forfeited by former employees and returned to treasurystock. During the year ended September 30, 2017, we issued 1,803 unrestricted shares of common stock from treasury stock to members of our Board ofDirectors as part of their overall compensation and 33,750 unrestricted shares to satisfy the exercise of outstanding options.Restricted StockDuring the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, we recognized $256, $538, and $522, respectively, in compensation expense related toour restricted stock awards. At September 30, 2018, the unamortized compensation cost related to outstanding unvested restricted stock was zero. Asummary of restricted stock awards for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is provided in the table below: Year Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Unvested at beginning of year 140,668 174,334 207,166 Granted — — — Vested (140,668) (31,409) (25,332) Forfeited — (2,257) (7,500) Unvested at end of year — 140,668 174,334 The fair value of shares vesting during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $2,201, $460 and $304, respectively. Fair value wascalculated as the number of shares vested times the market price of shares on the date of vesting. At September 30, 2018, we had no unvested restrictedstock.All the restricted shares granted under the Amended Plan (vested or unvested) participate in dividends issued to common shareholders, if any.Phantom Stock UnitsPhantom stock units (“PSUs”) are primarily granted to the members of the Board of Directors as part of their overall compensation. These PSUs are paidvia unrestricted stock grants to each director upon their departure from the Board of Directors. We record compensation expense for the full value of thegrant on the date of grant. For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized $189, $167, and $136, respectively, incompensation expense related to these grants.Performance Based Phantom Stock UnitsA performance based phantom stock unit (a “PPSU”) is a contractual right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon the achievementof certain specified performance objectives and continued performance of services. At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding an aggregateof 399,027 three-year PPSUs. The 74Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) vesting of these awards is subject to the achievement of specified levels of cumulative net income before taxes or specified stock price levels andcontinued performance of services through mid-December 2018. At September 30, 2018, redemption of a portion of the awards is deemed probable.During the year ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a benefit to compensation expense of $581 related to these grants. This benefit is a result ofa reduction in the estimated number of units deemed probable of vesting, based on the projected achievement of specified performance objectives.During the year ended September 30, 2017, we recognized compensation expense of $959 related to these grants.Performance Cash UnitsPerformance based phantom cash units (“PPCUs”) are a contractual right to a cash payment of $20 per PPCU. The PPCUs will generally become vested,if at all, upon achievement of certain specified performance objectives. During the year ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a benefit tocompensation expense of $154 related to these grants. This benefit is a result of a reduction in the estimated number of units deemed probable ofvesting, based on the projected achievement of specified performance objectives. During the year ended September 30, 2017, we recognizedcompensation expense of $331 related to these grants.Stock OptionsWe did not issue stock options during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the quarter ended December 31, 2016, which required us to reflect any adjustments as of October 1, 2016, weelected to account for forfeitures as they occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized. This election resulted in a cumulativeeffect adjustment of $59 to reduce retained earnings for the increase to stock compensation expense.The following table summarizes activity under our stock option plans. Shares Weighted AverageExercise Price Outstanding, September 30, 2015 133,000 $5.79 Options granted — — Exercised 42,500 5.17 Forfeited and Cancelled 11,000 3.60 Outstanding, September 30, 2016 79,500 $6.43 Options granted — — Exercised 33,750 6.46 Forfeited and Cancelled — — Outstanding, September 30, 2017 45,750 $6.42 Options granted — — Exercised 1,500 7.21 Forfeited and Cancelled — — Outstanding, September 30, 2018 44,250 $6.39 75Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) The following table summarizes options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2018: ExercisePrices Outstanding as ofSeptember 30,2018 RemainingContractual Lifein Years Weighted-AverageExercise Price Exercisable as ofSeptember 30,2018 Weighted-AverageExercise Price $5.76 25,500 4.58 $5.76 25,500 $5.76 $7.27 11,000 6.29 $7.27 11,000 $7.27 $7.21 7,750 6.34 $7.21 7,750 $7.21 44,250 $6.39 44,250 $6.75 Our 2011 options vested over a three year period at a rate of one-third per year upon the annual anniversary date of the grant. Our 2013 and 2015options cliff vested at the end of a two year period ending at the anniversary date of the grant. All options expire ten years from the grant date if theyare not exercised. Upon exercise of stock options, it is our policy to first issue shares from treasury stock, then issue new shares. Unexercised stockoptions expire July 2021, May 2023, January 2025 and February 2025.During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized zero, $23 and $70, respectively, in compensation expense related to ourstock option awards.The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable was $292 and $306 at September 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The intrinsic valueis calculated as the difference between the fair value as of the end of the period and the exercise price of the stock options.12. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONSThe Company is a party to a sublease agreement with Tontine Associates, L.L.C., an affiliate of Tontine, for corporate office space in Greenwich,Connecticut. The lease was renewed for a three-year term in April 2016 with an increase in the monthly rent to $8, reflecting the increase paid byTontine Associates, L.L.C. to its landlord and the Company’s increased use of the corporate office space. The lease has terms at market rates andpayments by the Company are at a rate consistent with that paid by Tontine Associates, L.L.C. to its landlord. See Note 3, “Controlling Shareholder”for additional information regarding Tontine.13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS401(k) PlanIn November 1998, we established the IES Holdings, Inc. 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan. All full-time IES employees are eligible to participate on thefirst day of the month subsequent to completing sixty days of service and attaining age twenty-one. Participants become vested in our matchingcontributions following three years of service. We also maintain several subsidiary retirement savings plans. We recognized $1,895, $1,157, and $737in matching expenses in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Executive Savings PlanUnder the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan adopted on July 1, 2004 (the “Executive Savings Plan”), certain employees are permitted to defer aportion (up to 75%) of their base salary and/or bonus for a plan year. The Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directorsmay, in its sole discretion, credit one or more participants with an employer deferral (contribution) in such amount as the Committee may choose 76Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) (“Employer Contribution”). The Employer Contribution, if any, may be a fixed dollar amount, a fixed percentage of the participant’s compensation,base salary, or bonus, or a “matching” amount with respect to all or part of the participant’s elective deferrals for such plan year, and/or anycombination of the foregoing as the Committee may choose. No compensation earned during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 or 2016 wasdeferred under this plan.Post Retirement Benefit PlansCertain individuals at one of the Company’s locations are entitled to receive fixed annual payments that reach a maximum amount, as specified in therelated agreements, for a ten year period following retirement or, in some cases, the attainment of 62 years of age. We recognize the unfunded status ofthe plan in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Benefits vest 50% after ten years of service, whichincreases by 10% per annum until benefits are fully vested after 15 years of service. We had an unfunded benefit liability of $755 and $815 recorded asof September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We recognized compensation expense related to these agreements of zero, zero and $65 during theSeptember 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Multiemployer Pension PlanInfrastructure Solutions participates in a multiemployer direct benefit pension plan for employees covered under our collective bargaining agreement.We do not administer the plan. We do not significantly participate in this plan. As of December 31, 2017, this plan was funded at 82.96%.14. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTSFair value is considered the price to sell an asset, or transfer a liability, between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value measurementsassume that the asset or liability is (1) exchanged in an orderly manner, (2) the exchange is in the principal market for that asset or liability, and (3) themarket participants are independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange. Fair value accounting and reporting establishes aframework for measuring fair value by creating a hierarchy for observable independent market inputs and unobservable market assumptions andexpands disclosures about fair value measurements. Considerable judgment is required to interpret the market data used to develop fair value estimates.As such, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current exchange. The use of differentmarket assumptions and/or estimation methods could have a material effect on the estimated fair value.Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018, are summarized in the following table by the typeof inputs applicable to the fair value measurements: September 30, 2018 TotalFair Value QuotedPrices(Level 1) SignificantUnobservable(Level 3) Executive savings plan assets $747 $747 $— Executive savings plan liabilities (631) (631) — Contingent consideration liability (680) — (680) Total $(564) $116 $(680) 77Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017, are summarized in the following table by the typeof inputs applicable to the fair value measurements: September 30, 2017 TotalFair Value QuotedPrices(Level 1) SignificantUnobservable(Level 3) Executive savings plan assets $641 $641 $— Executive savings plan liabilities (529) (529) — Contingent consideration liability (786) — (786) Total $(674) $112 $(786) In fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018, we entered into contingent consideration arrangements related to certain acquisitions. Please see Note 18,“Business Combinations” for further discussion. At September 30, 2018, we estimated the fair value of these contingent consideration liabilities at$680. The table below presents a reconciliation of the fair value of these obligations, which used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). ContingentConsiderationAgreement Fair Value at September 30, 2017 $786 Issuances 182 Settlements (391) Net adjustments to fair value 103 Fair Value at September 30, 2018 $680 Below is a description of the inputs used to value the assets summarized in the preceding tables:Level 1 — Inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets exchanged in active markets.Level 2 — Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets exchanged in activeor inactive markets; quoted prices for identical assets exchanged in inactive markets; and other inputs that are considered in fair value determinationsof the assets.Level 3 — Inputs include unobservable inputs used in the measurement of assets. Management is required to use its own assumptions regardingunobservable inputs because there is little, if any, market activity in the assets or related observable inputs that can be corroborated at the measurementdate.15. INVENTORYInventories consist of the following components: September 30, 2018 2017 Raw materials $4,453 $4,104 Work in process 5,168 3,731 Finished goods 1,746 1,692 Parts and supplies 9,599 7,396 Total inventories $20,966 $16,923 78Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) 16. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETSGoodwillThe following is a progression of goodwill by segment for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016: Commercial &Industrial Communications InfrastructureSolutions Residential Total Balance at September 30, 2016 $3,806 $— $27,499 $8,631 $39,936 Acquisitions “Note 18” 3,411 — 3,710 — 7,121 Divestitures “Note 18” — — (51) — (51) Purchase Accounting Adjustments (41) — (272) — (313) Balance at September 30, 2017 7,176 — 30,886 8,631 46,693 Acquisitions “Note 18” — 2,892 — 1,348 4,240 Purchase Accounting Adjustments (200) (76) 45 — (231) Balance at September 30, 2018 $6,976 $2,816 $30,931 $9,979 $50,702 Based upon the results of our annual impairment analysis, the fair value of our each of our four segments exceeded the book value at September 30,2018, and warranted no impairment.Intangible AssetsIntangible assets consist of the following: September 30, 2018 EstimatedUseful Lives(in Years) Gross CarryingAmount AccumulatedAmortization Net Trademarks/trade names 5 - 20 $5,084 $831 $4,253 Technical library 20 400 101 299 Customer relationships 6 - 15 33,539 7,870 25,669 Non-competition arrangements 5 40 1 39 Backlog 1 378 176 202 Construction contracts 1 2,184 2,056 128 Total $41,625 $11,035 $30,590 September 30, 2017 EstimatedUseful Lives(in Years) Gross CarryingAmount AccumulatedAmortization Net Trademarks/trade names 5 - 20 $4,643 $440 $4,203 Technical library 20 400 81 319 Customer relationships 6 - 15 31,115 4,741 26,374 Non-competition arrangements 5 — — — Backlog 1 2,412 2,130 282 Construction contracts 1 2,399 2,164 235 Total $40,969 $9,556 $31,413 79Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, amortization expense of intangible assets was $4,101, $5,766 and $2,936, respectively. Ourfuture amortization expense for years ended September 30 is as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2019 $3,944 2020 3,247 2021 3,515 2022 3,157 2023 2,780 Thereafter 13,947 Total $30,590 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESLegal MattersFrom time to time we are a party to various claims, lawsuits and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We maintainvarious insurance coverages to minimize financial risk associated with these proceedings. None of these proceedings, separately or in the aggregate, areexpected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. With respect to all such proceedings, we recordreserves when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We expense routine legal costsrelated to these proceedings as they are incurred.The following is a discussion of our significant legal matters:USAMRIID ClaimOn December 6, 2017, IES Commercial, Inc. filed suit in the United States District Court of Maryland in the matter USA for the use and benefit of IESCommercial, Inc. and IES Commercial, Inc. v. Manhattan Construction Co., Torcon, Inc., Manhattan Torcon A Joint Venture, Federal Ins. Co.,Fidelity & Deposit Co. of Maryland, Zurich American Ins. Co., and Travelers Casualty & Surety Co. This suit related to a large project which has beenongoing since 2009, having originally been scheduled for completion in early 2013. As the Company has previously disclosed, the Company enteredinto a subcontract in 2009 with Manhattan Torcon A Joint Venture (“MTJV”) to perform subcontracting services at the U.S. Army Medical ResearchInstitute for Infectious Diseases (“USAMRIID”) replacement facility project for a contract value of approximately $61,146, subject to additions ordeductions. Because of delays on the project and additional work the Company performed, the Company had sought in the suit approximately $21,000for claims incurred as of August 31, 2017, and had expected to seek to recover approximately $4,500 of additional claims expected to be incurredfollowing August 31, 2017, through completion of the project. On January 22, 2018 the defendants in this matter filed a motion to dismiss the suit, andon February 2, 2018, we filed our response. On September 26, 2018, the District Court ruled on the motion to dismiss, granting it in part and denying itin part. The ruling, were it to withstand an appeal, would likely have reduced the size of the Company’s estimated damages claim by approximately50%.Following mediation on September 26, 2018, the parties entered into a binding memorandum of agreement to settle all claims brought in the suit. Theparties are currently preparing a formalized settlement agreement. Pursuant to the memorandum of agreement, the parties have agreed that in exchangefor IES Commercial, Inc.’s dismissal of the suit and completion of a limited scope of subcontracting work, as well as mutual releases and parentguaranties by the parties, among other items, MTJV will make $2,500 in cash payments to IES Commercial, Inc., including $1,500 contingent uponcompletion of the remaining work. 80Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) The Company recorded a charge of $1,895 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, in order to adjust the remaining contract value and scope of workto reflect the terms of the settlement. The Company had not previously recorded any recovery in connection with this claim. At September, 30, 2018,based on our most current revised cost estimates, the Company estimates this project to be 99% complete. These estimated costs, and the revenueassociated with them, will be recognized in future periods when the work is performed, and our estimates may be further adjusted in future periods asthe work is completed.Risk-ManagementWe retain the risk for workers’ compensation, employer’s liability, automobile liability, construction defects, general liability and employee grouphealth claims, as well as pollution coverage, resulting from uninsured deductibles per accident or occurrence which are generally subject to annualaggregate limits. Our general liability program provides coverage for bodily injury and property damage. In many cases, we insure third parties,including general contractors, as additional insureds under our insurance policies. Losses are accrued based upon our known claims incurred and anestimate of claims incurred but not reported. As a result, many of our claims are effectively self-insured. Many claims against our insurance are in theform of litigation. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, we had $6,202 and $6,204, respectively, accrued for insurance liabilities. We are also subject toconstruction defect liabilities, primarily within our Residential segment. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, we had $171 and $218, respectively,reserved for these claims. Because the reserves are based on judgment and estimates, and involve variables that are inherently uncertain, such as theoutcome of litigation and an assessment of insurance coverage, there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not be higher or lower thansuch estimates or that the timing of payments will not create liquidity issues for the Company.Some of the underwriters of our casualty insurance program require us to post letters of credit as collateral. This is common in the insurance industry.To date, we have not had a situation where an underwriter has had reasonable cause to effect payment under a letter of credit. At September 30, 2018,$6,101 of our outstanding letters of credit was utilized to collateralize our insurance program.SuretyAs of September 30, 2018, the estimated cost to complete our bonded projects was approximately $50,170. We evaluate our bonding requirements on aregular basis, including the terms offered by our sureties. We believe the bonding capacity presently provided by our current sureties is adequate forour current operations and will be adequate for our operations for the foreseeable future. Posting letters of credit in favor of our sureties reduces theborrowing availability under our revolving credit facility.Other Commitments and ContingenciesSome of our customers and vendors require us to post letters of credit, or provide intercompany guarantees, as a means of guaranteeing performanceunder our contracts and ensuring payment by us to subcontractors and vendors. If our customer has reasonable cause to effect payment under a letter ofcredit, we would be required to reimburse our creditor for the letter of credit. At September 30, 2018, $508 of our outstanding letters of credit were tocollateralize our vendors.From time to time, we may enter into firm purchase commitments for materials, such as copper or aluminum wire, which we expect to use in theordinary course of business. These commitments are typically for terms of less than one year and require us to buy minimum quantities of materials atspecific intervals at a fixed price over the term. As of September 30, 2018, we had no such commitments. 81Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) Some of the lease agreements entered into will not commence until the following fiscal year. The total future undiscounted cash flows related to leaseagreements committed to but not yet commenced as of September 30, 2018, is $962.18. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND DIVESTITURESBusiness Combinations2018The Company completed two acquisitions in the year ended September 30, 2018, for a total aggregate consideration of $7,413, which includes cashconsideration paid at closing of $7,091, cash consideration paid subsequent to closing of $125, cash consideration payable in the next fiscal year of$15, and contingent consideration payable in July 2019 and 2020 with aggregate acquisition date fair value estimated at $182. • Azimuth Communications, Inc. (“Azimuth”) — On April 6, 2018, the Company’s Communications segment acquired all of the outstandingcapital stock of Azimuth, a Portland, Oregon-based provider of design and integration services for structured cabling, physical security,access control systems, distributed antenna systems, wireless access, and audio visual systems. Azimuth operates within the Company’sCommunications segment. The acquisition of Azimuth has accelerated our expansion into the Pacific Northwest market, which theCompany believes to be an attractive market. • Electrical Contractors North, Inc. (“ECNI”) — On July 31, 2018, the Company’s Residential segment acquired substantially all of the assetsof Electrical Contractors North, Inc. (“ECNI”), a Salt Lake City, Utah-based provider of electrical contracting for multi-family residentialand hotel construction. We believe the acquisition of ECNI furthers our Residential segment’s growth strategy by providing a foothold inthe Salt Lake City market.The Company accounted for these fiscal 2018 transactions under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires recording assets and liabilitiesat fair value (Level 3). The valuations derived from estimated fair value assessments and assumptions used by management are preliminary pendingfinalization of certain tangible and intangible asset valuations and assessment of deferred taxes. While management believes that its preliminaryestimates and assumptions underlying the valuations are reasonable, different estimates and assumptions could result in different values being assignedto individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed. This may result in adjustments to the preliminary amounts recorded. The preliminary valuation ofthe assets and liabilities assumed for our fiscal 2018 acquisitions as of the acquisition dates is as follows: Current assets $1,767 Property and equipment 590 Intangible assets (primarily customer relationships) 3,182 Goodwill 4,164 Current liabilities (1,580) Long term liabilities (14) Deferred tax liability (696) Net assets acquired $7,413 With regard to goodwill, the balance is attributable to the workforce of the acquired business and other intangibles that do not qualify for separaterecognition. In connection with the Azimuth and ECNI acquisitions, we acquired goodwill of $4,164, of which $1,448 is tax deductible. 82Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) In conjunction with these acquisitions, we acquired receivables totaling $1,478, of which we estimate none to be uncollectible at the date ofacquisition. In aggregate, these two acquisitions contributed $4,965 in additional revenue and $532 in additional operating loss during the year endedSeptember 30, 2018.2017The Company completed three acquisitions in the year ended September 30, 2017, for a total aggregate consideration of $20,979. See Note 18,“Business Combinations and Divestitures” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2017, for further information. • Freeman Enclosure Systems, LLC (“Freeman”) — We acquired 100% of the membership interests and associated real estate of Freeman andits affiliate Strategic Edge LLC on March 16, 2017. Strategic Edge LLC was subsequently merged into Freeman, with Freeman as thesurviving entity. Freeman is included in our Infrastructure Solutions segment. Freeman’s ability to manufacture custom generatorenclosures has expanded our solutions offering. • Technical Services II, LLC (“Technical Services”) — STR Mechanical, our 80% owned subsidiary which is consolidated, acquired all ofthe membership interests of Technical Services, a Chesapeake, Virginia-based provider of mechanical maintenance services, includingcommercial heating, ventilation and air conditioning, food service equipment, electrical and plumbing services, on June 15, 2017.Technical Services operates as a subsidiary of STR Mechanical within the Company’s Commercial & Industrial segment. The acquisitionof Technical Services has expanded our geographic reach and diversified our customer base for mechanical maintenance services. • NEXT Electric, LLC (“NEXT Electric”) — On July 14, 2017, the Company acquired 80% of the membership interests of NEXT Electric, aMilwaukee, Wisconsin-based electrical contractor specializing in the design, installation and maintenance of electrical systems forcommercial, industrial, healthcare, water treatment and education end markets. NEXT Electric operates within the Company’sCommercial & Industrial segment.The total purchase consideration for the Freeman, Technical Services and Azimuth acquisitions included contingent consideration payments based onthe acquired company’s earnings, as defined in the applicable purchase and sale agreement. The fair value of the total contingent considerationliability for all acquisitions, including Freeman, Technical Services, and Azimuth, was estimated at $680 as of September 30, 2018, and is accrued inaccrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.The preliminary estimates for Freeman, Technical Services and NEXT Electric were finalized during the year ended September 30, 2018.Noncontrolling InterestOur agreements governing the operations of STR and NEXT Electric contain a provision where, at any time after five years from the acquisition date,we may purchase all or a portion of the 20% noncontrolling interest. Pursuant to this provision, we may purchase the noncontrolling interest, or, withnotice, the noncontrolling interest holders may cause us to purchase their interests, for a contractually determined price based on the trailing 2 yearearnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization of STR and NEXT Electric, calculated at the time of the purchase.As of the acquisition date, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest in STR and NEXT Electric was equal to 20% of the overall fair value of STR andNEXT Electric. 83Table of ContentsIES HOLDINGS, INC.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(All Amounts in Thousands Except Share Amounts) 19. QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)Quarterly financial information for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows: Year Ended September 30, 2018 FirstQuarter SecondQuarter ThirdQuarter FourthQuarter Revenues $198,300 $205,677 $232,576 $240,275 Gross profit $33,064 $33,840 $42,537 $40,521 Net income (loss) attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $(29,569) $2,221 $8,516 $4,675 Earnings (loss) per share: Basic $(1.39) $0.11 $0.40 $0.22 Diluted $(1.39) $0.11 $0.40 $0.22 The sum of the individual quarterly earnings (loss) per share amounts may not agree with year-to-date earnings per share as each period’s computationis based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Year Ended September 30, 2017 FirstQuarter SecondQuarter ThirdQuarter FourthQuarter Revenues $192,178 $203,662 $208,323 $206,581 Gross profit $35,182 $31,814 $35,398 $38,104 Net income attributable to IES Holdings, Inc. $3,872 $536 $5,868 $3,146 Earnings per share: Basic $0.18 $0.02 $0.27 $0.15 Diluted $0.18 $0.02 $0.27 $0.14 The sum of the individual quarterly earnings per share amounts may not agree with year-to-date earnings per share as each period’s computation isbased on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. 84Table of ContentsItem 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone. Item 9A.Controls and ProceduresChanges in Internal Control Over Financial ReportingThere have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 underthe Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting.Disclosure Controls and ProceduresIn accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation ofmanagement, including our President and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of theperiod covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls andprocedures were effective as of September 30, 2018, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed orsubmitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Ourdisclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed orsubmitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, asappropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingManagement, including the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controlover financial reporting for the Company. The Company’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’sManagement and Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations,internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periodsare subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies orprocedures may deteriorate.Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control — IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO 2013 framework). Based on this assessment,our management determined that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018.Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that has audited the Company’s financial statements as of and for the three-yearperiod ended September 30, 2018, has issued a report on their audit of management’s internal control over financial reporting, which is includedherein. Item 9B.Other InformationNone. 85Table of ContentsPART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceThe information required to be included Item 10 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled“Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management;” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance;” “Report of theAudit Committee” and “Election of Directors” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “ProxyStatement”) to be filed with the SEC no later than December 31, 2018. Item 11.Executive CompensationThe information required to be included in Item 11 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the section entitled“Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement. Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersCertain information required to be included in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the sectionentitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement.SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANSEquity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides information as of September 30, 2018 with respect to shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise ofoptions, warrants and rights granted to employees, consultants or members of the Board of Directors under the Company’s existing equitycompensation plans. For additional information about our equity compensation plans, see Note 11, “Stockholders’ Equity” in the notes to ourConsolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Plan Category (a) Number of Securities tobe Issued Upon Exerciseof Outstanding Options,Warrants and Rights (b) Weighted-AverageExercise Price ofOutstanding Options,Warrants and Rights (c) Number of SecuritiesRemaining Available forFuture Issuance UnderEquity CompensationPlans (ExcludingSecurities Reflectedin Column (a)) Equity compensation plans approved bysecurity holders — — 1,113,476 (1) Equity compensation plans not approvedby security holders 443,277 (2) $6.39 — (1)Represents shares available for issuance under the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective February 9, 2016(the “Amended Plan”). This plan provides for the granting or awarding of stock options, stock, restricted stock and other forms of equity toemployees (including officers), consultants and directors of the Company. This also includes 399,027 shares that may be issued pursuant tooutstanding PPSUs and PCUs based on achievement of performance metrics, where applicable, and otherwise assuming the target award is met.(2)Represents shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options granted under the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended andrestated as of October 2007), which was in place prior to the Amended Plan. This includes 44,250 options with a weighted-average term of 5.32years. This also includes 399,027 shares that may be issued pursuant to outstanding PPSUs, based on achievement of performance metrics, whereapplicable, and otherwise assuming the target award is met. 86Table of ContentsItem 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director IndependenceThe information required to be included in Item 13 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the section entitled“Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” in the Proxy Statement. Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesThe information required to be included in Item 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Audit Fees” inthe Proxy Statement. 87Table of ContentsPART IV Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a)Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Financial Statement Schedules and ExhibitsSee Index to Financial Statements under Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this From 10-K. (b)Exhibits ExhibitNo. Description 2.1 — Agreement and Plan of Merger effective as of March 13, 2013, by and among Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings,Inc.), IES Subsidiary Holdings, Inc. and MISCOR Group, Ltd. (Attached as part of Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectusthat is part of this Registration Statement) (the schedules and annexes have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of RegulationS-K) 2.2 — First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 10, 2013, by and among Integrated Electrical Services, Inc.(n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), IES Subsidiary Holdings, Inc. and MISCOR Group, Ltd. (Attached as part of Annex A to the joint proxystatement/prospectus that is part of this Registration Statement) 2.3 — Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of June 1, 2016, by and among IES Infrastructure Solutions, LLC, IES Holdings, Inc., Technibus,Inc. and Technibus, LLC. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 15,2016) 3.1 — Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IES Holdings, Inc., as amended by the Certificate of Amendmentthereto, effective May 24, 2016 (composite). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q filed on August 8, 2016) 3.2 — Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to theCompany’s Current Report on From 8-K filed on January 28, 2013) 3.3 — Amended and Restated Bylaws of IES Holdings, Inc., effective May 24, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to theCompany’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 24, 2016) 4.1 — Specimen common stock certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filedon December 9, 2016) 4.2 — Tax Benefit Protection Plan Agreement by and between IES Holdings, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, asRights Agent, dated as of November 8, 2016, including the form of Rights Certificate and Summary of Stockholder Rights Planattached thereto as Exhibits A and B, respectively (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report onForm 8-K filed on November 9, 2016) 4.3 — Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 12, 2006, by and among Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.),Tontine Capital Partners, L.P. and certain of its affiliates and Southpoint Master Fund, L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2006) 4.4 — First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 11, 2007, by and among Integrated Electrical Services, Inc.(n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), Tontine Capital Partners, L.P. and certain of its affiliates. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to theCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 14, 2012) 88Table of Contents 10.1 — Restated Underwriting, Continuing Indemnity and Security Agreement, dated May 12, 2006, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc.(n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates in favor of Federal Insurance Company. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 17, 2006) 10.2 — First Amendment, dated as of October 30, 2006, to the Restated Underwriting, Continuing Indemnity, and Security Agreement, datedMay 12, 2006, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), certain of its subsidiaries and Federal InsuranceCompany and certain of its affiliates. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedNovember 6, 2006) 10.3 — Third Amendment, dated May 1, 2007, to the Restated Underwriting, Continuing Indemnity and Security Agreement, dated May 12,2006, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), certain of its subsidiaries and Federal Insurance Company andcertain of its affiliates. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 12, 2007) 10.4 — Fourth Amendment to the Restated Underwriting, Continuing Indemnity and Security Agreement, dated May 12, 2006, by IntegratedElectrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), certain of its subsidiaries and Federal Insurance Company and certain of its affiliates.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 12, 2007) 10.5 — Rider to Add Principal/Indemnitor and Fifth Amendment, dated September 29, 2008, to Restated Underwriting, Continuing Indemnity,and Security Agreement, dated May 12, 2006, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.), certain of itssubsidiaries and Federal Insurance Company and certain of its affiliates. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed October 24, 2008) 10.6 — Agreement of Indemnity, dated May 7, 2010, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) and certain of its presentand future subsidiaries and affiliates and Chartis Property Casualty Company, Chartis Insurance Company of Canada, American HomeAssurance Company, Commerce and Industry Insurance Company, Granite State Insurance Company, Lexington Insurance Company,National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa., New Hampshire Insurance Company and The Insurance Company of theState of Pennsylvania and any and all of their affiliates, subsidiaries, successors and assigns. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 13, 2010) 10.7 — Amendment No. 1 to Agreement of Indemnity, dated August 16, 2012, between Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings,Inc.) and certain of its present and future subsidiaries and affiliates and Chartis Property Casualty Company, Chartis Insurance Companyof Canada, American Home Assurance Company, Commerce and Industry Insurance Company, Granite State Insurance Company,Lexington Insurance Company, National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa., New Hampshire Insurance Company andThe Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania, and any and all of their affiliates, subsidiaries, successors and assigns(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 17, 2012) 10.8 — Agreement of Indemnity, dated May 7, 2013, by Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) and certain of its presentand future subsidiaries and affiliates and XL Specialty Insurance Company, XL Reinsurance America, Inc. and Greenwich InsuranceCompany and their affiliates, subsidiaries, successors and assigns. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 13, 2013) 10.9 — Agreement of Indemnity, September 9, 2016, by IES Holdings, Inc. and certain of its present and future subsidiaries and affiliates andEverest Reinsurance Company and Everest National Insurance Company, and their affiliated, associated and subsidiary companies,successors and assigns. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 13,2016) 89Table of Contents 10.10 — General Agreement of Indemnity, July 14, 2017, by IES Holdings, Inc. and certain of its present and future subsidiaries and affiliatesand Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America, St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and their affiliated, associatedand subsidiary companies, successors and assigns. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K filed July 14, 2017) 10.11 — Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2017, by and among IES Holdings, Inc., each ofthe other Borrowers and Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 10, 2017) 10.12 — Joinder, Limited Consent and First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of July 14,2017, by and among IES Holdings, Inc., each of the other Borrowers and Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, NationalAssociation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017) 10.13 — Second Amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2017, to Second Amended and Restated Credit andSecurity Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2017, by and among IES Holdings, Inc., each of the other Borrowers and Guarantors namedtherein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017) 10.14 — Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2018, by and among IESHoldings, Inc., each of the other Borrowers and Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 23, 2018) 10.15 — Sublease Agreement between Tontine Associates, L.L.C. and IES Shared Services, Inc., dated March 29, 2012. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2012) 10.16 — First Amendment between Tontine Associates, L.L.C., IES Shared Services, Inc. and IES Management ROO, LP, dated as of March 31,2016, to Sublease Agreement between Tontine Associates, L.L.C., and IES Shared Services, Inc., dated March 29, 2012. (Incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2016) 10.17 — Board Observer Letter Agreement between Tontine Associates, L.L.C. and IES Holdings, Inc., dated December 6, 2018. (1)*10.18 — Term Life Insurance Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 17,2007)*10.19 — Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated through 2007.(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 17, 2007)*10.20 — Form of Performance-Based Phantom Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended andrestated through 2007. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed February 8,2016)*10.21 — Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9,2016) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on December 28, 2015)*10.22 — Form of Phantom Stock Unit Award under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9, 2016).(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2016) 90Table of Contents*10.23 — Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9,2016). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2016)*10.24 — Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9,2016). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2016)*10.25 — Performance-Based Phantom Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated as of June 6, 2016, by and between the Company and Mr. Santoni,under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9, 2016). (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 7, 2016)*10.26 — Performance-Based Phantom Cash Unit Award Agreement, dated as of June 6, 2016, by and between the Company and Mr. Santoni,under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (as of February 9, 2016) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 7, 2016)*10.27 — Amended and Restated 2009 Deferred Compensation Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company’s AnnualReport on Form 10-K filed December 15, 2008)*10.28 — Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. (Incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2009)*10.29 — Amended and Restated Integrated Electrical Services, Inc. (n/k/a IES Holdings, Inc.) Executive Severance Benefit Plan, effectiveJanuary 12, 2016. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 9,2016). 21.1 — Subsidiaries of the Registrant (1) 23.1 — Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (1) 31.1 — Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Robert W. Lewey, President (1) 31.2 — Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Tracy A. McLauchlin, Chief Financial Officer (1) 32.1 — Section 1350 Certification of Robert W. Lewey, President (1) 32.2 — Section 1350 Certification of Tracy A. McLauchlin, Chief Financial Officer (1)(1)101.INS XBRL Instance Document(1)101.SCH XBRL Schema Document(1)101.LAB XBRL Label Linkbase Document(1)101.PRE XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document(1)101.DEF XBRL Definition Linkbase Document(1)101.CAL XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document *Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed herewith pursuant to Item 15(a)(3) of this Annual Report onForm 10-K.(1)Filed herewith. 91Table of ContentsSIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed onits behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on December 7, 2018. IES HOLDINGS, INC.By: /s/ Robert W. Lewey Robert W. Lewey President and DirectorPOWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned officers and directors of IES HOLDINGS, INC. hereby constitutes and appointsRobert W. Lewey and Gail D. Makode, and each of them individually, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power ofsubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign, execute and file any or all amendments tothis report, with any and all exhibits thereto, and all other documents required to be filed therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission orany regulatory authority, granting unto each such attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thingrequisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he himself might orcould do, if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their or his substitutes orsubstitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of theRegistrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date/s/ Robert W. LeweyRobert W. Lewey President and Director(Principal Executive Officer) December 7, 2018/s/ Tracy A. McLauchlinTracy A. McLauchlin Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officerand Treasurer(Principal Financial Officer)(Principal Accounting Officer) December 7, 2018/s/ Todd M. ClevelandTodd M. Cleveland Director December 7, 2018/s/ Joseph L. Dowling IIIJoseph L. Dowling III Director December 7, 2018/s/ David B. GendellDavid B. Gendell Director December 7, 2018 92Table of Contents/s/ Jeffrey L. GendellJeffrey L. Gendell Director and Chairman of the Board December 7, 2018/s/ Joe D. KoshkinJoe D. Koshkin Director December 7, 2018/s/ Donald L. LukeDonald L. Luke Director December 7, 2018 93Exhibit 10.17IES HOLDINGS, INC.5433 Westheimer Road, Suite 500Houston, Texas 77056December 6, 2018Tontine Associates, L.L.C.One Sound Shore Drive, Suite 304Greenwich, CT 06830Ladies and Gentlemen:This BOARD OBSERVER LETTER AGREEMENT (this “Letter Agreement”) is entered into by and between, Tontine Associates, L.L.C. (“TA,”and together with its affiliates, “Tontine”), and IES Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”). Tontine and the Company are hereinreferred to as the “Parties” and each, individually, as a “Party.”WHEREAS, according to its latest Form 4 filing as of October 3, 2018, Tontine holds approximately 59% of the Company’s outstandingcommon stock, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) is the managing member of TA and certain of its affiliates,andWHEREAS, Tontine has determined that appointing a Board Observer (as defined below) to assist it in reviewing the materials and proceedingsof the Board would enhance Tontine’s ability to manage its investment in the Company; andWHEREAS, the Unaffiliated Directors (as defined below) of the Company believe it is in the best interest of the Board and the Company toprovide Tontine with the right to appoint a Board Observer to carry out such review, and the Audit Committee of the Board has approved this LetterAgreement pursuant to its Related Person Transaction Policy;NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of these premises, the covenants set forth herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt andsufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:1. Board Observer Right. (a)Tontine shall have the right to appoint a representative (the “Board Observer”) who is reasonably acceptable to those members of the Board whoare not affiliates of Tontine (the “Unaffiliated Directors”) to attend all meetings of the Board and any committee thereof (including telephonicmeetings) as a nonvoting observer thereof (the “Board Observer Right”); provided, however, that if at any time Tontine shall cease to hold atleast 20% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, then, contemporaneously therewith and without further action of the Board, the BoardObserver Right shall terminate, this Letter Agreement will be null and void and of no effect and Tontine and the Board Observer shall cease tohave any rights hereunder.(b)The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) give to the Board Observer notice of meetings of the Board and any committeethereof and all proposals to such body for action without a meeting, in each case at the same time that notice of such meetings or proposals isgiven to members of the Board, (ii) allow the Board Observer to attend such meetings, (iii) subject to ordinary and reasonable procedural rules,allow the Board Observer to participate in a meaningful manner in discussions of matters brought to the Board and any committee thereof,(iv) allow the Board Observer to pose questions to the Board and any committee thereof, and respond to such questions in the same manner asthough they had been posed by a member of the Board, and (v) provide the Board Observer with copies of written materials distributed to theBoard and any committees thereof in connection with such meetings or proposals for action without a meeting, including all minutes of previousactions and proceedings; provided, however, that such Board Observer shall agree to hold in strict confidence all information so provided and allnon-public information and proceedings of the Board as provided in clause (c) below; and provided further, that (x) the Company reserves theright to withhold any information from the Board Observer and to exclude the Board Observer from any meeting or portion thereof, as deemedreasonably necessary by the Board or the Unaffiliated Directors, including if access to such information or attendance at such meeting couldpresent a conflict of interest or adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the Company and its counsel or result in disclosure of tradesecrets, and (y) the Board Observer shall not have any voting rights or any other decision-making authority. (c)The exercise by Tontine of the Board Observer Right is conditioned upon the Company’s receipt of a confidentiality agreement executed byTontine and the Board Observer that is reasonably satisfactory to the Company providing for Tontine’s and the Board Observer’s preservation ofthe confidentiality of any materials provided or information received at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof. (d)The Board Observer shall be entitled to receive reimbursement by the Company for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in his or hercapacity as a Board Observer. (e)Should the Unaffiliated Directors determine that any individual serving as the Board Observer is not reasonably acceptable, they may removesuch individual from serving as Board Observer, and Tontine may appoint another individual deemed reasonably acceptable by suchUnaffiliated Directors to serve as Board Observer. (f)The Company hereby acknowledges that the Board Observer shall not have, or be deemed to have, or otherwise be subject to, any duties(fiduciary or otherwise) to the Company or its stockholders other than pursuant to any confidentiality agreement entered into between theCompany and the Board Observer. (g)The Board Observer shall be entitled to coverage under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy to the same, orsubstantially the same, extent provided by the Company to its directors. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing rights toinsurance coverage constitute third-party rights extended to the Board Observer by the Company and do not constitute rights to insurancecoverage as a result of the Board Observer serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company.2. Agreement. This Letter Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof andsupersedes all other prior letters and understandings, both written and verbal, between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.3. Assignment. This Letter Agreement is solely for the benefit of the Parties hereto, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, will not beassignable by any Party without the prior written consent of the other Party.4. Miscellaneous. This Letter Agreement shall be governed by and be construed and have effect in accordance with the Laws of the State ofDelaware, excluding any choice of law rules that may direct application of Laws of another jurisdiction. This Letter Agreement may be amended andthe observance of any provision may be waived only with the mutual written consent of each of the Parties hereto. Descriptive headings are forconvenience only and will not control or affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Letter Agreement. This Letter Agreement may beexecuted in multiple counterparts which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement.[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]If the above correctly reflects our understanding and agreement with respect to the foregoing matters, please so confirm by signing and returningthe enclosed copy of this Letter Agreement. IES HOLDINGS, INC.By: /s/ ROBERT W. LEWEY Name: Robert W. Lewey Title: PresidentAgreed to and Acknowledged as of the date hereof: TONTINE ASSOCIATES, L.L.C.By: /s/ JEFFREY L. GENDELL Name: Jeffrey L. Gendell Title: Managing MemberSignature Page to Letter AgreementExhibit 21.1SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANTAs of September 30, 2018 Subsidiary Jurisdiction of IncorporationAzimuth Communications, Inc. OregonCalumet Armature and Electric, L.L.C.Freeman Enclosure Systems, LLCHK Engine Components, LLCICS Holdings LLCIES Commercial, Inc.IES Communications, LLCIES Consolidation, LLCIES Infrastructure Solutions, LLCIES Management, LPIES Management ROO, LPIES Operations Group, Inc.IES Properties, Inc.IES Purchasing & Materials, Inc.IES Renewable Energy, LLCIES Residential, Inc.IES Shared Services, Inc.IES Subsidiary Holdings, Inc.IES Tangible Properties, Inc. IllinoisOhioIndianaArizonaDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareTexasTexasDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareDelawareIntegrated Electrical Finance, Inc. DelawareKey Electrical Supply, Inc. TexasMagnetech Industrial Services, Inc. IndianaNEXT Electric, LLCShanahan Mechanical and Electrical, Inc.Southern Industrial Sales and Services, Inc.STR Mechanical, LLCTechnibus, Inc.Technical Services II, LLC WisconsinNebraskaGeorgiaNorth CarolinaDelawareVirginiaThomas Popp & Company Ohio 81Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMWe consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1)Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-209483) pertaining to the Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan of IESHoldings, Inc.; (2)Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-134100) pertaining to the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan of IES Holdings, Inc.; (3)Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-186786) pertaining to the registration for resale of common stock of IES Holdings, Inc. by theselling stockholders named therein; (4)Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-215071) pertaining to the registration for resale of common stock of IES holdings, Inc. by theselling stockholders named therein;of our reports dated December 7, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries and the effectivenessof internal control over financial reporting of IES Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries, included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of IES Holdings, Inc. andsubsidiaries for the year ended September 30, 2018./s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLPHouston, TexasDecember 7, 2018 82Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATIONI, Robert W. Lewey, certify that:1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of IES Holdings, Inc.;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: December 7, 2018 /s/ ROBERT W. LEWEYRobert W. LeweyPresident and Directoras Principal Executive Officer 83Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATIONI, Tracy A. McLauchlin, certify that:1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of IES Holdings, Inc.;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting.Date: December 7, 2018 /s/ TRACY A. MCLAUCHLINTracy A. McLauchlinSenior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasureras Principal Financial Officer 84Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with this Annual Report of IES Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2018 (the“Report”), I, Robert W. Lewey, President of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-OxleyAct of 2002, that: (1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of theCompany. Date: December 7, 2018 By: /s/ ROBERT W. LEWEY Robert W. Lewey President and Directoras Principal Executive Officer 85Exhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with this Annual Report of IES Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2018 (the“Report”), I, Tracy A. McLauchlin, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350,as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of theCompany. Date: December 7, 2018 By: /s/ TRACY A. MCLAUCHLIN Tracy A. McLauchlin Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasureras Principal Financial Officer 86

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