Illinois Tool Works
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2019 Annual Report About ITW Founded in 1912, ITW (NYSE: ITW) is a global industrial company built around a differentiated and proprietary business model. The company’s seven industry-leading segments leverage the ITW Business Model to generate solid growth with best-in-class margins and returns in markets where highly innovative, customer-focused solutions are required. ITW’s approximately 45,000 dedicated colleagues around the world thrive in the company’s decentralized, entrepreneurial culture. In 2019, the company achieved revenues of $14.1 billion, with roughly half coming from outside North America. To learn more, please visit www.itw.com. Contents 1 4 5 6 8 INSIDE BACK COVER Letter to The ITW Business Model ITW Performance Overview of ITW’s Corporate Executives Shareholder Shareholders Is a Powerful Source of Progress Since 2012 Operating Segments and Board of Directors Information Competitive Advantage To Our Fellow Shareholders ITW delivered another year of strong financial performance unique ITW skill to come together as a company and focus and continued progress in the execution of our enterprise on what is most important will see us through this global strategy in 2019. Against a backdrop of an industrial pandemic crisis and allow us to emerge well-positioned to demand environment that went from decelerating in the first resume our journey to ITW’s full-potential performance. half of 2019 to contracting in the second half, we continued to execute well on the things within our control. Despite revenues that were down five percent year on year, we delivered record GAAP EPS of $7.74, best-in-class operating To that end, we have determined that for the duration of the global pandemic crisis, we will focus as a company and in every one of our divisions on the following two priorities: margins of 24.1 percent, after-tax ROIC of 28.7 percent1, 1. The health, well-being, and support and growth in free cash flow of nine percent1. In addition, of our ITW colleagues, and we raised our dividend by seven percent and returned $2.8 billion to shareholders in the form of dividends and 2. Continuing to serve our customers to the best of our ability. share repurchases. Equally important, we continued to make solid progress on our path to ITW’s full-potential performance through the execution of our enterprise strategy. Leveraging the Strength and Resilience of the ITW Business Model to Navigate the Unprecedented Challenges of the Present... These will be our “80” priorities until this crisis is over. In executing on these priorities over the course of the coming weeks and months, more than anything we will rely on ITW’s core values, our decentralized entrepreneurial culture, and our “flexibility within the framework” operating model to guide each of our divisions and their leadership teams in determining how best to implement them in their specific situations. As we write this letter, the world is in the throes of a global There is no question that the issues and uncertainties pandemic crisis, and measures being implemented by associated with the coronavirus pandemic will present governments around the globe to bring it under control are some challenges for ITW and will have an impact on our increasing in their scope and intensity almost daily. We are near-term performance, as will be the case for just about in a time of unprecedented disruption and uncertainty, both every company. However, we believe strongly that all the from a human health and an economic perspective. work we have done over the last seven years to improve At ITW, 80/20 thinking and the laser-like focus that it drives on what is most important at any point in time have served the company extremely well in times of both opportunity and challenge for over 30 years. In this time of exceptional challenge, we have no doubt that our ability to utilize this our company’s profitability, capital efficiency, and balance sheet put ITW in a stronger position than many to withstand the effects of the pandemic, however they unfold, and to come out the other side well-positioned to continue on our path to ITW’s full-potential performance. 1 After-tax return on average invested capital (ROIC) and Free Cash Flow are non-GAAP measures. Refer to Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2019 Form 10-K for information regarding these non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures. I L L I N O I S T O O L W O R K S I N C . 1 ...While Remaining Committed to Executing Our Strategy to Deliver Differentiated Performance Over the Long Term The latter half of this premise will certainly be tested over the coming months. We are confident that together our company and our people are more than up to the task. The ITW Business Model is our company’s defining competitive advantage. It is a powerful and proprietary set of strategic, operational, and cultural practices that have been in a state of continual development and evolution inside the company for over 30 years. For the past seven years, we have been executing a strategy centered squarely on our commitment to leveraging the differentiated performance capability of the ITW Business Model to full potential across the company. As a result, today, the ITW Business Model is Management and Governance Developments A deep and experienced management team and a highly accomplished Board of Directors are critical components of ITW’s long-term performance and success. We value and appreciate them always, and especially during challenging times such as these. We thank them all for their leadership, guidance, and dedication to the company. more powerful and our people are more skilled in applying it We recognize Juan Valls, who retired as executive vice than ever before in our history – by a significant margin. president in 2019 after 30 years of service. We thank Juan When we launched our enterprise strategy in 2012, our stated goals were to deliver solid growth with best-in-class margins and returns. Over the course of the past seven years, we have made significant progress toward achieving these goals. In 2019, ITW’s operating margins were the highest in our proxy peer group, we ranked number two in our peer group in return on capital performance, and in a for his many contributions and strong leadership over the course of his distinguished career and wish him the very best in his retirement. We also recognize James A. Skinner, who will retire after serving as a member of our Board of Directors for 15 years, including three years as our lead director. We thank Jim for all his guidance, insight, and many contributions to ITW as a member of our board. challenging macro environment, we outgrew our markets by In 2019, we made several executive appointments one percent1. Through the execution of our enterprise strategy, our aim is to position the company to deliver top-tier industrial sector performance over any five-year period regardless of the environment. In order to do so, we need to be able to generate high-quality growth when market conditions are favorable and be resilient enough to continue to perform and execute on our long-term strategy when they are not. including Axel Beck as executive vice president of the Food Equipment segment, Kenneth Escoe as executive vice president of the Specialty Products segment, and Sharon Szafranski as executive vice president of the Construction Products segment. In addition, Lei Schlitz transferred from the Food Equipment segment to become executive vice president of the Automotive OEM segment. They are all strong and seasoned ITW leaders and we are excited by what we know they will bring to their new roles. ITW’s 2023 Annual Performance Targets ~28% Operating Margin ~40% After-Tax ROIC 3-5% Organic Growth ~35% Incremental Margin 7-10% EPS Growth 100+% Free Cash Flow as % of Net Income ~50% Dividend Payout Ratio 1 Based on ITW Management market growth estimates. 2 2 0 1 9 A N N U A L R E P O R T E. Scott Santi Christopher A. O’Herlihy Looking Ahead In closing, we offer our deepest thanks and admiration • That we will do everything we can to ensure that we to our ITW colleagues around the world for the hard come out the other side ready to resume aggressively work, dedication, and ingenuity they bring to serving our executing our long-term strategy and continue on our quest customers and executing our strategy with excellence each to firmly establish ITW as one of the world’s best-performing, and every day. We thank you, our fellow shareholders, for highest-quality, and most-respected industrial companies. your continued support and we wish good health to you and yours. Sincerely, This is a time of extraordinary and unprecedented disruption and, at this moment, it is impossible to determine how it will all play out. However, in this time of significant uncertainty, we can promise you three things: • That the combined strengths of the ITW Business Model, our dynamic decentralized entrepreneurial culture, and our people put ITW in a better position than most to deal with whatever lies ahead. • That we, along with the other members of our executive leadership team, will utilize the full extent of our company’s E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer Christopher A. O’Herlihy Vice Chairman considerable capabilities and resources to support our colleagues and our customers to the best of our ability March 27, 2020 through this challenge. I L L I N O I S T O O L W O R K S I N C . 3 The ITW Business Model Is a Powerful Source of Competitive Advantage The ITW Business Model is comprised of three elements: 80/20 Front-to-Back defines how we operate. It is a unique set of proprietary tools and methodologies that our divisions use to structure and operate their businesses to maximize the performance, execution, and value-add they provide to their largest and most profitable customers, and minimize the costs, complexity, and distractions associated with serving small customers. Through the application of ITW’s 80/20 Front-to-Back process, our divisions deliver best-in-class customer-facing execution, high-quality organic growth, and superior profitability and return on capital performance. Our Decentralized, Entrepreneurial Culture is the key Customer-Back Innovation drives how we innovate. to how we execute. Our people are clear about what is At ITW, we innovate from the customer back, not from the expected of them with regard to our business model, our research and development center out. Our divisions partner strategy, and our values. Within this framework, we empower with their key customers to create unique solutions that our business teams to make decisions and customize their solve difficult technical challenges and improve business approach in order to maximize the relevance and impact of performance. The deep capabilities and creativity of our the ITW Business Model for their specific customers and people in this regard are evidenced by our portfolio of end-markets. Our people thrive in ITW’s “flexibility within the approximately 18,000 granted and pending patents, including framework” culture; they think and act like entrepreneurs, more than 1,900 new patent applications filed in 2019. they are accountable, and they deliver. 2019 Operating Margin by Segment vs. Peer Average1 ITW Peers At ITW, we believe operating margin is the best indicator of relative competitive advantage, as it incorporates both the level of value-add in the solutions a business provides to its customers and the efficiency of its processes to produce and distribute them. 22% 14% 28% 26% 26% 28% 26% 24% 18% 16% 15% 14% 11% 10% Automotive OEM Test & Measurement and Electronics2 1 See appendix for segment peer group definition. Food Equipment Polymers & Fluids2 Welding Construction Products Specialty Products 2 Test & Measurement and Electronics and Polymers & Fluids exclude 200 bps and 360 bps, respectively, of unfavorable operating margin impact of amortization expense related to intangible assets. 4 2 0 1 9 A N N U A L R E P O R T ITW Performance Progress Since 2012 Earnings Per Share Operating Margin After-Tax ROIC2 13% CAGR +820 bps +1420 bps $7.74 24.1% 28.7% $3.21 15.9% 14.5% 20122 2019 20121 2019 2012 2019 Annual Dividend Total Shareholder Returns 2.8x $4.28 $1.52 2012 2019 246% 162% 166% S&P 500 Proxy Peer Group3 ITW 1 As reported in the 2012 Form 10-K. 2 After-tax return on average invested capital (ROIC) and 2012 Adjusted EPS are non-GAAP measures. Refer to Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2019 Form 10-K and the appendix included in this Annual Report for information regarding these non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures. 3 See appendix for proxy peer group definition. I L L I N O I S T O O L W O R K S I N C . 5 ITW’s Diversified High-Quality Business Portfolio ITW’s business portfolio criteria: 3 End-markets with strong 3 Positive long-term 3 Strong and durable and sustainable differentiated attributes macro fundamentals competitive advantages with relevance to key end-market trends ITW’s Seven Operating Segments 6 2 0 1 9 A N N U A L R E P O R T Automotive OEM Highly focused, global, niche supplier of solutions to top-tier OEMs and their suppliers Food Equipment Test & Measurement and Electronics Industry-leading global positions through Leading global supplier of production differentiated innovation in commercial and laboratory testing and assembly dishwashing, cooking, refrigeration, equipment, accessories, consumables, retail, and integrated service offerings and aftermarket parts and service 2019 revenues 2019 revenues 2019 revenues $3.1 billion 2019 operating margin $2.2 billion 2019 operating margin 21.5% 26.4% $2.1 billion 2019 operating margin 1 27.6% ITW’s Diversified High-Quality Business Portfolio 3 Significant potential for 3 Ability to leverage the ITW ITW to drive above-market organic growth over the long term Business Model to generate consistent, best-in-class margins and returns Polymers & Fluids Welding Construction Products Specialty Products Specialized adhesives, Highly focused supplier of value-added Global provider of innovative fastening Innovative, value-added lubricants, and additives welding equipment and specialty solutions that improve contractor solutions for consumer for industrial- and consumer- consumables for a variety of commercial, productivity and building quality in packaging, product branding, related end-markets industrial, and infrastructure applications residential and commercial construction and other niche applications 2019 revenues $1.7 billion 2019 operating margin 2019 revenues $1.6 billion 2019 operating margin 1 26.4% 27.7% 2019 revenues $1.6 billion 2019 operating margin 23.6% 2019 revenues $1.8 billion 2019 operating margin 25.9% 1 Test & Measurement and Electronics and Polymers & Fluids exclude 200 bps and 360 bps, respectively, of unfavorable operating margin impact of amortization expense related to intangible assets. I L L I N O I S T O O L W O R K S I N C . 7 Corporate Executives PICTURED Michael R. Zimmerman, Sharon A. Szafranski, Axel R. J. Beck, Steven L. Martindale, Mary K. Lawler, Michael M. Larsen, Christopher A. O’Herlihy, E. Scott Santi, LEFT TO RIGHT Norman D. Finch Jr., Lei Zhang Schlitz, T. Kenneth Escoe, John R. Hartnett E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer Christopher A. O’Herlihy Vice Chairman Norman D. Finch Jr. Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary Michael M. Larsen Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Mary K. Lawler Senior Vice President & Chief Human Resources Officer Axel R. J. Beck Executive Vice President, Food Equipment T. Kenneth Escoe Executive Vice President, Specialty Products John R. Hartnett Executive Vice President, Welding Steven L. Martindale Executive Vice President, Test & Measurement and Electronics Lei Zhang Schlitz Executive Vice President, Automotive OEM Sharon A. Szafranski Executive Vice President, Construction Products Michael R. Zimmerman Executive Vice President, Polymers & Fluids 2019 Board of Directors Daniel J. Brutto Retired President, UPS International Retired Senior Vice President, United Parcel Service, Inc. Susan Crown Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Owl Creek Partners, LLC James W. Griffith Retired President & Chief Executive Officer, The Timken Company Jay L. Henderson Retired Vice Chairman, Client Service, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Richard H. Lenny Non-Executive Chairman, Conagra Brands, Inc. E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Illinois Tool Works Inc. James A. Skinner Independent Lead Director, Illinois Tool Works Inc. Retired Vice Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, McDonald’s Corporation David B. Smith, Jr. Executive Vice President for Policy & Legal Affairs and General Counsel, Mutual Fund Directors Forum Pamela B. Strobel Retired Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer, Exelon Corporation Retired President, Exelon Business Services Company Kevin M. Warren Chief Marketing Officer, UPS International Anré D. Williams Group President, Global Merchant & Network Services, American Express Company 8 2 0 1 9 A N N U A L R E P O R T UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from                    to                     Commission file number 1-4797 ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 155 Harlem Avenue Glenview Illinois (Address of Principal Executive Offices) 36-1258310 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 60025 (Zip Code) Title of Each Class Common Stock 1.75% Euro Notes due 2022 1.25% Euro Notes due 2023 0.250% Euro Notes due 2024 0.625% Euro Notes due 2027 2.125% Euro Notes due 2030 1.00% Euro Notes due 2031 3.00% Euro Notes due 2034 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 724-7500 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Trading Symbol(s) ITW Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered New York Stock Exchange ITW22 ITW23 ITW24A ITW27 ITW30 ITW31 ITW34 New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Yes   ☒    No  ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No  ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒    No  ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☒ ☐ ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2019 was approximately $45.6 billion based on the New York Stock Exchange closing sales price as of June 30, 2019. Shares of Common Stock outstanding at January 31, 2020: 318,864,237. Documents Incorporated by Reference Portions of the 2020 Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 8, 2020. Part III   Table of Contents PART I Business Item 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Legal Proceedings Item 3. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities PART II Selected Financial Data Item 6. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures PART IV 3 9 14 14 14 14 15 16 17 38 39 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 78 81 82 ITEM 1. Business General PART I Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") was founded in 1912 and incorporated in 1915. The Company's ticker symbol is ITW. The Company is a global manufacturer of a diversified range of industrial products and equipment with 84 divisions in 53 countries. As of December 31, 2019, the Company employed approximately 45,000 people. The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. The following is a description of the Company's seven segments: Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include: • plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses. Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food institutional/restaurant and food retail markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • warewashing equipment; cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers; refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables; food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales; kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and food equipment service, maintenance and repair. Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods, energy and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids; electronic assembly equipment; electronic components and component packaging; static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications. Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and energy, construction, MRO, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, and industrial capital goods markets. Products in this segment include: arc welding equipment; and • • metal arc welding consumables and related accessories. 3 Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial, MRO and construction markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • • adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes; chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines; epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications; hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications; fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance; fillers and putties for auto body repair; and polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry. Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include: fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications; anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications; • • • metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail. • Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, general industrial, consumer durables, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • • line integration, conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries; plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment; foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products; product coding and marking equipment and related consumables; plastic and metal closures and components for appliances; airport ground support equipment; and components for medical devices. The information set forth below is applicable to all segments of the Company unless otherwise noted. The ITW Business Model The powerful and highly differentiated ITW Business Model is the Company’s core source of value creation. The ITW Business Model is the Company’s competitive advantage and defines how ITW creates value for its shareholders. It is comprised of three unique elements: • • ITW’s 80/20 Front-to-Back process is the operating system that is applied in every ITW business. Initially introduced as a manufacturing efficiency tool in the 1980s, ITW has continually refined, improved and expanded 80/20 into a proprietary, holistic business management process that generates significant value for the Company and its customers. Through the application of data driven insights generated by 80/20 practice, ITW focuses on its largest and best opportunities (the “80”) and eliminates cost, complexity and distractions associated with the less profitable opportunities (the “20”). 80/20 enables ITW businesses to consistently achieve world-class operational excellence in product availability, quality, and innovation, while generating superior financial performance; Customer-back Innovation has fueled decades of profitable growth at ITW. The Company’s unique innovation approach is built on insight gathered from the 80/20 Front-to-Back process. Working from the customer back, ITW businesses position themselves as the go-to problem solver for their “80” customers. ITW’s innovation efforts are focused on understanding customer needs, particularly those in “80” markets with solid long-term growth fundamentals, and creating unique solutions to address those needs. These customer insights and learnings drive innovation at ITW and have contributed to a portfolio of approximately 18,000 granted and pending patents; 4 • ITW’s Decentralized, Entrepreneurial Culture enables ITW businesses to be fast, focused, and responsive. ITW businesses have significant flexibility within the framework of the ITW Business Model to customize their approach in order to best serve their specific customers' needs. ITW colleagues recognize their unique responsibilities to execute the Company's strategy and values. As a result, the Company maintains a focused and simple organizational structure that, combined with outstanding execution, delivers best-in-class services and solutions adapted to each business' customers and end markets. Enterprise Strategy In late 2012, ITW began its strategic framework transitioning the Company on its current path to fully leverage the compelling performance potential of the ITW Business Model. The Company undertook a complete review of its performance, focusing on its businesses delivering consistent above-market growth with best-in-class margins and returns, and developing a strategy to replicate that performance across its operations. ITW determined that solid and consistent above-market organic growth is the core growth engine to deliver world-class financial performance and compelling long-term returns for its shareholders. To shift its primary growth engine to organic, the Company began executing a multi-step approach. • • • The first step was to narrow the focus and improve the quality of ITW's business portfolio. As part of the Portfolio Management initiative, ITW exited businesses that were operating in commoditized market spaces and prioritized sustainable differentiation as a must-have requirement for all ITW businesses. This process included both divesting entire businesses and exiting commoditized product lines and customers inside otherwise highly differentiated ITW divisions. As a result of this work, ITW's business portfolio now has significantly higher organic growth potential. ITW segments and divisions now possess attractive and differentiated product lines and end markets as they continue to improve operating margins and generate price/cost increases. The Company achieved this through product line simplification, or eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, while supporting and growing the businesses' largest / most profitable customers and product lines. Step two, Business Structure Simplification, was implemented to simplify and scale up ITW’s operating structure to support increased engineering, marketing, and sales resources, and improve global reach and competitiveness, all of which were critical to driving accelerated organic growth. ITW now has 84 scaled-up divisions with significantly enhanced focus on growth investments, core customers and products, and customer-back innovation. The Strategic Sourcing initiative established sourcing as a core strategic and operational capability at ITW, delivering an average of one percent reduction in spend each year from 2013 through 2019 and continues to be a key contributor to the Company's ongoing enterprise strategy. • With the initial portfolio realignment and scale-up work largely complete, the Company shifted its focus to preparing for and accelerating organic growth, reapplying the 80/20 Front-to-Back process to optimize its newly scaled-up divisions for growth, first, to build a foundation of operational excellence, and second, to identify the best opportunities to drive organic growth. ITW has clearly demonstrated superior 80/20 management, resulting in meaningful incremental improvement in margins and returns as evidenced by the Company’s operating margin and after-tax return on invested capital. At the same time, these 80/20 initiatives can also result in restructuring initiatives that reduce costs and improve profitability and returns. Path to Full Potential - Finishing the Job Since the launch of the enterprise strategy, the Company has made considerable progress to position itself to reach full potential. The ITW Business Model and unique set of capabilities are a source of strong and enduring competitive advantage, but for the Company to truly finish the job and reach its full potential, every one of its divisions must also be operating at its full potential. To do so, the Company remains focused on its core principles to position ITW to perform to its full potential: • • • Portfolio discipline 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence Full-potential organic growth 5 Portfolio Discipline The Company only operates in industries where it can generate significant, long-term competitive advantage from the ITW Business Model. ITW businesses have the right “raw material” in terms of market and business attributes that best fit the ITW Business Model and have significant potential to drive above-market organic growth over the long-term. The Company focuses on high-quality businesses, ensuring it operates in markets with positive long-term macro fundamentals and with customers that have critical needs and value ITW's differentiated products, services and solutions. ITW’s portfolio operates in highly diverse end markets and geographies which makes the Company more resilient in the face of uncertain or volatile market environments. As part of its agenda to finish the job, the Company routinely evaluates its portfolio to ensure it delivers sustainable differentiation and drives consistent long-term performance. This includes both implementing portfolio refinements and assessing selective high-quality acquisitions to supplement ITW’s long-term growth potential. The Company previously communicated its intent to explore options, including potential divestitures, for certain businesses with revenues totaling up to $1 billion. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company completed the divestitures of three businesses and continues to evaluate options for certain other businesses. The Company expects any earnings per share dilution from divestitures would be offset by incremental share repurchases. Refer to Note 2. Divestitures in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for more information regarding divestitures. 80/20 Front-to-Back Practice Excellence The 80/20 Front-to-Back process is a rigorous, iterative and highly data-driven approach to identify where the Company has true differentiation and the ability to drive sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company simplifies and eliminates complexity and redesigns every aspect of its business to ensure focused execution on key opportunities, markets, customers, and products. ITW will continue its efforts to finish the job and drive 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence in every division in the Company, every day. Driving strong operational excellence in the quality of 80/20 Front-to-Back practice across the Company, division by division, will produce further customer-facing performance improvement in a number of the Company's divisions and additional structural margin expansion at the enterprise level. Full-Potential Organic Growth Reaching full potential means that every division is positioned for sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company has clearly defined action plans aimed at leveraging the performance power of the ITW Business Model to achieve full-potential organic growth in every division, with specific focus on: • • • "80” focused Market Penetration - fully leveraging the considerable growth potential that resides in the Company's largest and most differentiated product offerings and customer relationships Customer-Back Innovation - strengthening the Company's commitment to serial innovation and delivering a continuous flow of differentiated new products to its key customers Strategic Sales Excellence - deploying a high-performance sales function in every division As the Company continues to make progress toward its full potential, the Company will explore opportunities to reinforce or further expand the long-term organic growth potential of ITW through the addition of selective high-quality acquisitions. Current Year Developments Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Distribution Methods The Company’s businesses primarily distribute their products directly to industrial manufacturers and through independent distributors. 6 Backlog Backlog generally is not considered a significant factor in the Company’s businesses as relatively short delivery periods and rapid inventory turnover are characteristic of most of their products. Total backlog was $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Due to the predominately short-term nature of the Company's arrangements with its customers, backlog orders scheduled for shipment beyond calendar year 2020 were not material as of December 31, 2019. Competition With operations in 53 countries, the Company offers a wide range of products in a myriad of markets, many of which are fragmented, and the Company encounters a variety of competitors that vary by product line, end market and geographic area. The Company's competitors include many regional or specialized companies, as well as large U.S. and non-U.S. companies or divisions of large companies. Each of the Company's segments generally has several main competitors and numerous smaller ones in most of their end markets and geographic areas. In addition to numerous smaller regional competitors, the Welding segment competes globally with Lincoln Electric and ESAB. In virtually all segments, the Company differentiates its businesses from its competitors based on product innovation, product quality, brand preference and service delivery. Technical capability is also a competitive factor in most segments. The Company believes that each segment's primary competitive advantages derive from the Company's business model and decentralized operating structure, which creates a strong focus on end markets and customers at the local level, enabling its businesses to respond rapidly to market dynamics. This structure enables the Company's businesses to drive operational excellence utilizing the Company's 80/20 Front-to-Back process and leveraging its product innovation capabilities. The Company also believes that its global footprint is a competitive advantage in many of its markets, especially in its Automotive OEM segment. Raw Materials The Company uses raw materials of various types, primarily steel, resins and chemicals, that are available from numerous commercial sources. The availability of materials and energy has not resulted in any significant business interruptions or other major problems, and no such problems are currently anticipated. Intellectual Property The Company owns approximately 3,600 unexpired U.S. patents and 8,700 foreign patents covering articles, methods and machines. In addition, the Company has approximately 1,500 applications for patents pending in the U.S. Patent Office and 4,300 applications pending in foreign patent offices. There is no assurance that any of these patents will be issued. The Company maintains a patent group for the administration of patents and processing of patent applications. The Company believes that many of its patents are valuable and important; however, the expiration of any one of the Company's patents would not have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position. The Company also credits its success in the markets it serves to engineering capability; manufacturing techniques; skills and efficiency; marketing and sales promotion; and service and delivery of quality products to its customers. In addition to patents, many of the Company's products and services are sold under various owned or licensed trademarks, which are important to the Company in the aggregate. Some of the Company's more significant trademarks include ITW, which is also used in conjunction with the trademarks of many of the Company's businesses; Deltar and Shakeproof in the Automotive OEM segment; Hobart in the Food Equipment segment; Instron in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment; Miller in the Welding segment; Rain-X and Permatex in the Polymers & Fluids segment; Paslode in the Construction Products segment; and Hi-Cone in the Specialty Products segment. Environmental The Company believes that its manufacturing plants and equipment are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental regulations. Additional measures to maintain compliance are not expected to materially affect the Company’s capital expenditures, competitive position, financial position or results of operations. Various legislative and administrative regulations concerning environmental issues have become effective or are under consideration in many parts of the world relating to manufacturing processes and the sale or use of certain products. To date, such developments have not had a substantial adverse impact on the Company's revenues, earnings or cash flows. 7 Employees The Company employed approximately 45,000 people as of December 31, 2019 and considers its employee relations to be excellent. Information About Our Executive Officers The executive officers of the Company serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Set forth below is information regarding the principal occupations and employment and business experience over the past five years for each executive officer. Unless otherwise stated, employment is by the Company. Executive Officers of the Company as of February 14, 2020 were as follows: Name Age Present Position E. Scott Santi . . . . . . . . 58 Chairman & Chief Executive Officer . Year Elected to Present Position 2015 Axel Beck . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 Kenneth Escoe . . . . . . . 44 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 Norman D. Finch Jr. . . . 55 Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Hartnett . . . . . . 59 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . Michael M. Larsen . . . . 51 Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mary K. Lawler . . . . . . 54 Senior Vice President & Chief Human Resources Officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steven L. Martindale . . 63 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . Christopher O’Herlihy . 56 Vice Chairman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Randall J. Scheuneman. 52 Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lei Schlitz. . . . . . . . . . . 53 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 2012 2013 2014 2008 2015 2009 2015 Sharon Szafranski . . . . . 53 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 Michael R. Zimmerman 59 Executive Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . 2015 Other Positions Held During 2015-2019 President and Chief Executive Officer, 2012-2015 Vice President/General Manager, food equipment businesses, 2011-2016, Group President, food equipment businesses, 2016-2020 Vice President/General Manager, welding businesses, 2014-2016, Vice President/ General Manager, specialty products businesses, 2016-2019, Group President, specialty products businesses, 2019-2020 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Sealed Air Corporation, a global manufacturer of products related to food safety and security, facility hygiene and product protection, 2013-2017 Executive Vice President, 2010-2015 Group President, food equipment businesses, 2011-2015 Vice President/General Manager, food equipment businesses, 2010-2016, Vice President/General Manager, test & measurement and electronics businesses, 2016-2019, Group President, test & measurement and electronics businesses, 2019-2020 Group President, welding businesses, 2010-2015 8 Available Information The Company electronically files reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Copies of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are also available free of charge through the Company's website (www.itw.com), as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing with or otherwise furnishing such information to the SEC, and are available in print to any shareholder who requests them. The Company will furnish any exhibit not contained herein upon the payment of a fee representing the reasonable cost to the Company of furnishing the exhibit. Requests for exhibits may be sent to Illinois Tool Works Inc., 155 Harlem Avenue, Glenview, IL 60025, Attention: Secretary. Also posted on the Company’s website are the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Statement of Principles of Conduct; Code of Ethics for CEO and key financial and accounting personnel; Charters of the Audit, Corporate Governance and Nominating, and Compensation Committees of the Board of Directors; Corporate Governance Guidelines; Global Anti-Corruption Policy; Corporate Social Responsibility Reports; Anti-Human Trafficking Disclosure; Conflict Minerals Policy Statement; Supplier Code of Conduct; Government Affairs Information; Environmental & Sustainability Policy; Human Rights Policy; Safety Policy; and United Kingdom Tax Policy Document. ITEM 1A. Risk Factors The Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth below, which could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. These risk factors should be considered together with information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company's results are impacted by global economic conditions. Downturns in the markets served by the Company could adversely affect its businesses, results of operations or financial condition. The Company's businesses are impacted by economic conditions around the globe. Slower economic growth, financial market instability, natural disasters, public health crises, high unemployment, government deficit reduction, sequestration and other austerity measures impacting the markets the Company serves can adversely affect the Company’s businesses by reducing demand for the Company's products and services, limiting financing available to the Company's customers, causing production delays, increasing order cancellations and the difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, increasing price competition, or increasing the risk that counterparties to the Company's contractual arrangements will become insolvent or otherwise unable to fulfill their obligations. The global nature of the Company's operations subjects it to political and economic risks that could adversely affect its business, results of operations or financial condition. Over 50% of the Company's net sales are derived from customers outside the United States, and the Company currently operates in 53 countries. The risks inherent in the Company's global operations include: • • • • • • fluctuation in currency exchange rates; limitations on ownership or participation in local enterprises; price controls, exchange controls and limitations on repatriation of earnings; transportation delays and interruptions; political, social and economic instability and disruptions; acts of terrorism; 9 • • • • • • • • • • the impact of widespread public health crises; government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions; the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers and retaliatory countermeasures; government actions impacting international trade agreements; import and export controls; labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments; the potential for expropriation or nationalization of enterprises; difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations; limitations on its ability to enforce legal rights and remedies; and potentially adverse tax consequences. The current global geopolitical and trade environment has resulted in raw material inflation and potential for increased escalation of domestic and international tariffs and retaliatory trade policies. Further changes in U.S. trade policy (including new or additional increases in duties or tariffs) and additional retaliatory actions by U.S. trade partners could result in a worsening of economic conditions. Additionally, in early 2020, an outbreak of the coronavirus occurred in China and other jurisdictions. The extent of the outbreak and its impact on the markets served by the Company and on its operations is uncertain. A prolonged outbreak could interrupt the operations of the Company and its customers and suppliers. If the Company is unable to successfully manage these and other risks associated with managing and expanding its international businesses, the risks could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations or financial condition. The benefits from the Company’s Enterprise Strategy may not be as expected and the Company's financial results could be adversely impacted, or the Company may not meet its long-term financial performance targets. As the Company continues to execute on its Enterprise Strategy initiatives, it remains focused on the core principles of portfolio discipline, 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence, and organic growth. Product line and customer base simplification activities, which are core elements of the Company’s 80/20 Front-to-Back process, continue to be applied by the Company’s operating divisions and are active elements of the Enterprise Strategy. Although these activities are expected to improve future operating margins and organic revenue growth, they are also expected to have a negative impact on the Company’s overall organic revenue growth in the short term. Additionally, other core activities of the Enterprise Strategy related to portfolio discipline and organic growth, including customer-back innovation and strategic sales excellence, may not have the desired impact on future operating results. If the Company is unable to realize the expected benefits from its Enterprise Strategy initiatives, the Company's financial results could be adversely impacted, or the Company may not meet its long-term financial performance targets. The timing and amount of the Company’s share repurchases are subject to a number of uncertainties. Share repurchases constitute a significant component of the Company’s capital allocation strategy. The Company funds its share repurchases with free cash flow and short-term borrowings. The amount and timing of share repurchases will be based on a variety of factors. Important factors that could cause the Company to limit, suspend or delay its share repurchases include unfavorable trading market conditions, the price of the Company's common stock, the nature of other investment opportunities presented to the Company from time to time, the ability to obtain financing at attractive rates and the availability of U.S. cash. The Company may incur fines or penalties, damage to its reputation or other adverse consequences if its employees, agents or business partners violate anti-bribery, competition, export and import, environmental or other laws. The Company has a decentralized operating structure under which its individual businesses are allowed significant decision- making autonomy within the Company’s strategic framework and internal financial and compliance controls. The Company cannot ensure that its internal controls will always protect against reckless or criminal acts committed by its employees, agents or business partners that might violate U.S. and/or non-U.S. laws, including anti-bribery, competition, export and import, and environmental laws. Any such improper actions could subject the Company to civil or criminal investigations, could lead to substantial civil or criminal monetary and non-monetary penalties against the Company or its subsidiaries, or could damage its reputation. 10 A significant fluctuation between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies could adversely impact the Company's operating income. Although the Company's financial results are reported in U.S. Dollars, a significant portion of its sales and operating costs are realized in other currencies, with the largest concentration of foreign sales occurring in Europe. The Company's profitability is affected by movements of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro and other foreign currencies in which it generates revenues and incurs expenses. Significant long-term fluctuations in relative currency values, and in particular, an increase in the value of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies, has had and could have an adverse effect on profitability and financial condition. If the Company is unable to successfully introduce new products, its future growth may be adversely affected. The Company's ability to develop new products based on innovation can affect its competitive position and sometimes requires the investment of significant time and resources. Difficulties or delays in research, development, production or commercialization of new products and services may reduce future revenues and adversely affect the Company's competitive position. If the Company is unable to create sustainable product differentiation, its organic growth may be adversely affected. If the Company is unable to adequately protect its intellectual property, its competitive position and results of operations may be adversely impacted. Protecting the Company's intellectual property is critical to its innovation efforts. The Company owns patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and/or other intellectual property rights related to many of its products, and also has exclusive and non-exclusive license rights under intellectual property owned by others. The Company's intellectual property rights may be challenged or infringed upon by third parties, particularly in countries where property rights are not highly developed or protected, or the Company may be unable to maintain, renew or enter into new license agreements with third-party owners of intellectual property on reasonable terms. Unauthorized use of the Company's intellectual property rights or inability to preserve existing intellectual property rights could adversely impact the Company's competitive position and results of operations. The Company's acquisition of businesses could negatively impact its profitability and returns. The Company has engaged in various acquisitions in the past, and could choose to acquire additional businesses in the future. Acquisitions involve a number of risks and financial, accounting, managerial and operational challenges, including the following, any of which could adversely affect the Company's profitability and returns: • • • • • • The acquired business could under-perform relative to the Company’s expectations and the price paid for it, or not perform in accordance with the Company’s anticipated timetable. The acquired business could cause the Company's financial results to differ from expectations in any given fiscal period, or over the long term. Acquisition-related earnings charges could adversely impact operating results. The acquired business could place unanticipated demands on the Company's management, operational resources and financial and internal control systems. The Company may assume unknown liabilities, known contingent liabilities that become realized or known liabilities that prove greater than anticipated, internal control deficiencies or exposure to regulatory sanctions resulting from the activities of the acquired business. The realization of any of these liabilities or deficiencies may increase the Company's expenses, adversely affect its financial position or cause noncompliance with its financial reporting obligations. As a result of acquisitions, the Company has in the past recorded significant goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets on its balance sheet. If the Company is not able to realize the value of these assets, it may recognize charges relating to the impairment of these assets. Divestitures pose the risk of retained liabilities that could adversely affect the Company's financial results. The Company had significant divestiture activity in 2012, 2013 and 2014 in accordance with its portfolio management initiative, and it divested additional businesses in 2019 as it continues portfolio refinements to maintain portfolio discipline. The Company has retained certain liabilities directly or through indemnifications made to the buyers against known and unknown contingent liabilities such as lawsuits, tax liabilities, product liability claims and environmental matters, which could adversely affect the Company's financial results. 11 The Company has significant goodwill and other intangible assets, and future impairment of these assets could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial results. The Company has recorded significant goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets on its balance sheet as a result of acquisitions. A number of factors may result in impairments to goodwill and other intangible assets, including significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, increased competition and significant changes in the use of the assets. Impairment charges could adversely affect the Company's financial condition or results of operations in the periods recognized. Disruptions or volatility in global financial markets or changes in the Company's credit ratings could increase the Company's funding costs or reduce the availability of credit. Global economic conditions may cause volatility and disruptions in the financial markets. The Company’s continued ability to meet its cash requirements requires substantial liquidity and access to the financial markets. In addition, the Company’s borrowing costs can be affected by short and long-term ratings assigned by independent rating agencies. If conditions in the financial markets decline or the Company’s credit ratings are negatively impacted, its funding costs could be increased or the availability of credit could be diminished. Raw material price increases and supply shortages could adversely affect results. The supply of raw materials to the Company and to its component parts suppliers could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing. Prices for raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated significantly in the past and significant increases could adversely affect the Company's results of operations and profit margins. In particular, changes in trade policies, the imposition of duties and tariffs, potential retaliatory countermeasures and severe weather events could adversely impact the price or availability of raw materials. Due to pricing pressure or other factors, the Company may not be able to pass along increased raw material and components parts prices to its customers in the form of price increases or its ability to do so could be delayed. Consequently, its results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. Unfavorable tax law changes and tax authority rulings may adversely affect results. The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and in various foreign jurisdictions. Domestic and international tax liabilities are based on the income and expenses in various tax jurisdictions. The Company's effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings among countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets or changes in tax laws. The amount of income taxes is subject to ongoing audits by U.S. federal, state and local tax authorities and by non-U.S. authorities. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts recorded, future financial results may include unfavorable tax adjustments. In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation that included significant changes to the taxation of business entities. The Company’s accounting for the tax effects of the Act may be subject to change due to subsequent clarification of the tax law which could adversely affect the Company's operating results or financial condition. The Company's defined benefit pension plans are subject to financial market risks that could adversely affect its results of operations and cash flows. The performance of financial markets and interest rates impact the Company's funding obligations under its defined benefit pension plans. Significant changes in market interest rates, decreases in the fair value of plan assets and investment losses on plan assets may increase the Company's funding obligations and adversely impact its results of operations and cash flows. Potential adverse outcomes in legal proceedings may adversely affect results. The Company's businesses expose it to potential toxic tort and other types of product liability claims that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of its products and the products of third-party vendors. The Company currently maintains insurance programs consisting of self-insurance up to certain limits and excess insurance coverage for claims over established limits. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain insurance on acceptable terms or that its insurance programs will provide adequate protection against actual losses. In addition, the Company is subject to the risk that one or more of its insurers may become insolvent and become unable to pay claims that may be made in the future. Even if it maintains adequate insurance programs, claims could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and on its ability to obtain suitable, adequate or cost-effective insurance in the future. 12 Uncertainty related to environmental regulation and industry standards, as well as physical risks of climate change, could impact the Company's results of operations and financial position. Increased public awareness and concern regarding environmental risks, including global climate change, may result in more international, regional and/or federal requirements or industry standards to reduce or mitigate global warming and other environmental risks. These regulations or standards could mandate even more restrictive requirements, such as stricter limits on greenhouse gas emissions and production of single use plastics, than the voluntary commitments that the Company has made or require such changes on a more accelerated time frame. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. In addition, the physical risks of climate change may impact the availability and cost of materials and natural resources, sources and supply of energy, product demand and manufacturing. If environmental laws or regulations or industry standards are either changed or adopted and impose significant operational restrictions and compliance requirements upon the Company or its products, or the Company's operations are disrupted due to physical impacts of climate change, the Company’s business, capital expenditures, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position could be negatively impacted. If the Company is unable to protect its information technology infrastructure against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, or if there is a violation of data privacy laws, there could be a negative impact on operating results or the Company may suffer financial or reputational damage. The Company relies on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including procurement, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing and collection. These technology networks and systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; hardware failures; attacks by computer hackers; computer viruses; employee error or malfeasance. In addition, security breaches could result in unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or personal data belonging to our employees, partners, customers or suppliers. We are also subject to data privacy laws, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation, in the various countries in which we operate. If our information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption, or shutdown, and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, or if we violate data privacy laws, there could be a negative impact on operating results or the Company may suffer financial or reputational damage. Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "plans," "intends," "may," "strategy," "prospects," "estimate," "project," "target," "anticipate," "guidance," "forecast," and other similar words, including, without limitation, statements regarding the expected performance of acquired businesses and impact of divested businesses, the impact of tariffs and raw material cost inflation, economic and regulatory conditions in various geographic regions, the timing and amount of share repurchases, the timing and amount of benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, the adequacy of internally generated funds and credit facilities to service debt and finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, the sufficiency of U.S. generated cash to fund cash requirements in the U.S., the impact of the recently enacted U.S. tax legislation, the cost and availability of additional financing, the Company's portion of future benefit payments related to pension and postretirement benefits, the availability of raw materials and energy, the expiration of any one of the Company's patents, the cost of compliance with environmental regulations, the likelihood of future goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges, the impact of failure of the Company's employees to comply with applicable laws and regulations, the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the outcome of outstanding legal proceedings, the impact of adopting new accounting pronouncements, and the estimated timing and amount related to the resolution of tax matters. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Important risks that may influence future results include those risks described above. These risks are not all inclusive and given these and other possible risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Any forward-looking statements made by ITW speak only as of the date on which they are made. ITW is under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise. ITW practices fair disclosure for all interested parties. Investors should be aware that while ITW regularly communicates with securities analysts and other investment professionals, it is against ITW's policy to disclose to them any material non- 13 public information or other confidential commercial information. Investors should not assume that ITW agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. ITEM 2. Properties Due to the Company’s decentralized operating structure and global operations, the Company operates out of a number of facilities worldwide, none of which are individually significant to the Company or its segments. As of December 31, 2019, the Company operated approximately 440 plants and office facilities, excluding regional sales offices and warehouse facilities. Approximately 280 of the facilities were located outside of the United States. Principal foreign countries include China, Germany, the United Kingdom and France. The Company’s properties are well suited for the purposes for which they were designed and are maintained in good operating condition. Production capacity, in general, currently exceeds operating levels. Capacity levels are somewhat flexible based on the number of shifts operated and on the number of overtime hours worked. The Company adds production capacity from time to time as required by increased demand. Additions to capacity can be made within a reasonable period of time due to the nature of the Company’s businesses. ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings None. ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures None. 14 PART II ITEM 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Common Stock Data— The Company's common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. There were approximately 5,513 holders of record of common stock as of January 31, 2020. This number does not include beneficial owners of the Company's securities held in the name of nominees. *Assumes $100 invested on 12/31/14 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal years ended December 31. Copyright© 2020 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved. The 2019 peer group consists of the following 17 public companies, consistent with the peer group included in the Company's Proxy statement: 3M Company Caterpillar Inc. Cummins Inc. Deere & Company Dover Corporation Eaton Corporation plc Emerson Electric Co. Fortive Corporation General Dynamics Corporation Parker-Hannifin Corporation PPG Industries, Inc. Raytheon Company Honeywell International Inc. Rockwell Automation, Inc. Ingersoll-Rand plc Johnson Controls, Inc. Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company reviews the peer group annually and from time to time it changes the composition of the Company’s peer group where changes are appropriate. Although Fortive Corporation was added to the Company’s peer group in 2017, it was excluded from the five year cumulative total return as there was insufficient historical data due to its spin-off from Danaher Corporation in 2016. 15 Repurchases of Common Stock— On February 13, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of the Company’s common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2015 Program"). The 2015 Program was completed in the second quarter of 2019. On August 3, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2018 Program"). As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately $1.9 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2018 program. Share repurchase activity under the Company's share repurchase program for the fourth quarter of 2019 was as follows: In millions except per share amounts Period October 2019 . . . . . . . . November 2019 . . . . . . December 2019 . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Number of Shares Purchased 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.2 Average Price Paid Per Share 167.78 $ 173.98 $ 175.67 $ ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program Maximum Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs $ $ $ 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.2 2,301 2,256 1,946 In millions except per share amounts Operating revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . Income per share from continuing operations: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets at year-end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term debt at year-end. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared per common share. . . . 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 14,109 2,521 $ 14,768 2,563 $ 14,314 1,687 $ 13,599 2,035 7.78 7.74 15,068 7,754 4.14 7.65 7.60 14,870 6,029 3.56 4.90 4.86 16,780 7,478 2.86 5.73 5.70 15,201 7,177 2.40 13,405 1,899 5.16 5.13 15,729 6,896 2.07 In 2017, the Company recorded a one-time additional income tax expense of $658 million, or $1.90 per diluted share, related to the enactment of the United States "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information. Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform to current year reporting, including the adoption of new accounting guidance as discussed below. In March 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that included several changes to simplify the accounting for stock- based compensation, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements and classification of tax benefits in the statement of cash flows. Among the more significant changes, the new guidance requires that the income tax effects associated with the settlement of stock-based awards after adoption of the guidance be recognized through income tax expense rather than directly in equity. Additionally, the income tax effects related to excess tax benefits should be presented within operating cash flows in the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Excess tax benefits recognized in equity under the prior guidance were $29 million and $20 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2017 and applied the new guidance prospectively. Excess tax benefits of $28 million, $10 million and $50 million were included in Income taxes in the statement of income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The expected effect on income tax expense or net cash provided from operating activities related to future stock-based award settlements will vary each period and will depend on inputs such as the stock price at the time of settlement and the number of awards settled in the period presented. Additional information on the comparability of results is included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 16 ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations INTRODUCTION Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") is a global manufacturer of a diversified range of industrial products and equipment with 84 divisions in 53 countries. As of December 31, 2019, the Company employed approximately 45,000 people. The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Due to the large number of diverse businesses and the Company's decentralized operating structure, the Company does not require its businesses to provide detailed information on operating results. Instead, the Company's corporate management collects data on several key measurements: operating revenue, operating income, operating margin, overhead costs, number of months on hand in inventory, days sales outstanding in accounts receivable, past due receivables and return on invested capital. These key measures are monitored by management and significant changes in operating results versus current trends in end markets and variances from forecasts are discussed with operating unit management. THE ITW BUSINESS MODEL The powerful and highly differentiated ITW Business Model is the Company’s core source of value creation. The ITW Business Model is the Company’s competitive advantage and defines how ITW creates value for its shareholders. It is comprised of three unique elements: • • • ITW’s 80/20 Front-to-Back process is the operating system that is applied in every ITW business. Initially introduced as a manufacturing efficiency tool in the 1980s, ITW has continually refined, improved and expanded 80/20 into a proprietary, holistic business management process that generates significant value for the Company and its customers. Through the application of data driven insights generated by 80/20 practice, ITW focuses on its largest and best opportunities (the “80”) and eliminates cost, complexity and distractions associated with the less profitable opportunities (the “20”). 80/20 enables ITW businesses to consistently achieve world-class operational excellence in product availability, quality, and innovation, while generating superior financial performance; Customer-back Innovation has fueled decades of profitable growth at ITW. The Company’s unique innovation approach is built on insight gathered from the 80/20 Front-to-Back process. Working from the customer back, ITW businesses position themselves as the go-to problem solver for their “80” customers. ITW’s innovation efforts are focused on understanding customer needs, particularly those in “80” markets with solid long-term growth fundamentals, and creating unique solutions to address those needs. These customer insights and learnings drive innovation at ITW and have contributed to a portfolio of approximately 18,000 granted and pending patents; ITW’s Decentralized, Entrepreneurial Culture enables ITW businesses to be fast, focused, and responsive. ITW businesses have significant flexibility within the framework of the ITW Business Model to customize their approach in order to best serve their specific customers' needs. ITW colleagues recognize their unique responsibilities to execute the Company's strategy and values. As a result, the Company maintains a focused and simple organizational structure that, combined with outstanding execution, delivers best-in-class services and solutions adapted to each business' customers and end markets. ENTERPRISE STRATEGY In late 2012, ITW began its strategic framework transitioning the Company on its current path to fully leverage the compelling performance potential of the ITW Business Model. The Company undertook a complete review of its performance, focusing on its businesses delivering consistent above-market growth with best-in-class margins and returns, and developing a strategy to replicate that performance across its operations. 17 ITW determined that solid and consistent above-market organic growth is the core growth engine to deliver world-class financial performance and compelling long-term returns for its shareholders. To shift its primary growth engine to organic, the Company began executing a multi-step approach. • • • The first step was to narrow the focus and improve the quality of ITW's business portfolio. As part of the Portfolio Management initiative, ITW exited businesses that were operating in commoditized market spaces and prioritized sustainable differentiation as a must-have requirement for all ITW businesses. This process included both divesting entire businesses and exiting commoditized product lines and customers inside otherwise highly differentiated ITW divisions. As a result of this work, ITW's business portfolio now has significantly higher organic growth potential. ITW segments and divisions now possess attractive and differentiated product lines and end markets as they continue to improve operating margins and generate price/cost increases. The Company achieved this through product line simplification, or eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, while supporting and growing the businesses' largest / most profitable customers and product lines. Step two, Business Structure Simplification, was implemented to simplify and scale up ITW’s operating structure to support increased engineering, marketing, and sales resources, and improve global reach and competitiveness, all of which were critical to driving accelerated organic growth. ITW now has 84 scaled-up divisions with significantly enhanced focus on growth investments, core customers and products, and customer-back innovation. The Strategic Sourcing initiative established sourcing as a core strategic and operational capability at ITW, delivering an average of one percent reduction in spend each year from 2013 through 2019 and continues to be a key contributor to the Company's ongoing enterprise strategy. • With the initial portfolio realignment and scale-up work largely complete, the Company shifted its focus to preparing for and accelerating organic growth, reapplying the 80/20 Front-to-Back process to optimize its newly scaled-up divisions for growth, first, to build a foundation of operational excellence, and second, to identify the best opportunities to drive organic growth. ITW has clearly demonstrated superior 80/20 management, resulting in meaningful incremental improvement in margins and returns as evidenced by the Company’s operating margin and after-tax return on invested capital. At the same time, these 80/20 initiatives can also result in restructuring initiatives that reduce costs and improve profitability and returns. PATH TO FULL POTENTIAL - FINISHING THE JOB Since the launch of the enterprise strategy, the Company has made considerable progress to position itself to reach full potential. The ITW Business Model and unique set of capabilities are a source of strong and enduring competitive advantage, but for the Company to truly finish the job and reach its full potential, every one of its divisions must also be operating at its full potential. To do so, the Company remains focused on its core principles to position ITW to perform to its full potential: • • • Portfolio discipline 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence Full-potential organic growth Portfolio Discipline The Company only operates in industries where it can generate significant, long-term competitive advantage from the ITW Business Model. ITW businesses have the right “raw material” in terms of market and business attributes that best fit the ITW Business Model and have significant potential to drive above-market organic growth over the long-term. The Company focuses on high-quality businesses, ensuring it operates in markets with positive long-term macro fundamentals and with customers that have critical needs and value ITW's differentiated products, services and solutions. ITW’s portfolio operates in highly diverse end markets and geographies which makes the Company more resilient in the face of uncertain or volatile market environments. As part of its agenda to finish the job, the Company routinely evaluates its portfolio to ensure it delivers sustainable differentiation and drives consistent long-term performance. This includes both implementing portfolio refinements and assessing selective high-quality acquisitions to supplement ITW’s long-term growth potential. 18 The Company previously communicated its intent to explore options, including potential divestitures, for certain businesses with revenues totaling up to $1 billion. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company completed the divestitures of three businesses and continues to evaluate options for certain other businesses. The Company expects any earnings per share dilution from divestitures would be offset by incremental share repurchases. Refer to Note 2. Divestitures in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for more information regarding divestitures. 80/20 Front-to-Back Practice Excellence The 80/20 Front-to-Back process is a rigorous, iterative and highly data-driven approach to identify where the Company has true differentiation and the ability to drive sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company simplifies and eliminates complexity and redesigns every aspect of its business to ensure focused execution on key opportunities, markets, customers, and products. ITW will continue its efforts to finish the job and drive 80/20 Front-to-Back practice excellence in every division in the Company, every day. Driving strong operational excellence in the quality of 80/20 Front-to-Back practice across the Company, division by division, will produce further customer-facing performance improvement in a number of the Company's divisions and additional structural margin expansion at the enterprise level. Full-potential Organic Growth Reaching full potential means that every division is positioned for sustainable, high-quality organic growth. The Company has clearly defined action plans aimed at leveraging the performance power of the ITW Business Model to achieve full-potential organic growth in every division, with specific focus on: • • • "80” focused Market Penetration - fully leveraging the considerable growth potential that resides in the Company's largest and most differentiated product offerings and customer relationships Customer-Back Innovation - strengthening the Company's commitment to serial innovation and delivering a continuous flow of differentiated new products to its key customers Strategic Sales Excellence - deploying a high-performance sales function in every division As the Company continues to make progress toward its full potential, the Company will explore opportunities to reinforce or further expand the long-term organic growth potential of ITW through the addition of selective high-quality acquisitions. TERMS USED BY ITW Management uses the following terms to describe the financial results of operations of the Company: • Organic business - acquired businesses that have been included in the Company's results of operations for more than 12 months on a constant currency basis. • Operating leverage - the estimated effect of the organic revenue volume changes on organic operating income, • • assuming variable margins remain the same as the prior period. Price/cost - represents the estimated net impact of increases or decreases in the cost of materials used in the Company's products versus changes in the selling price to the Company's customers. Product line simplification (PLS) - focuses businesses on eliminating the complexity and overhead costs associated with smaller product lines and customers, and focuses businesses on supporting and growing their largest customers and product lines; in the short-term, PLS may result in a decrease in revenue and overhead costs while improving operating margin. In the long-term, PLS is expected to result in growth in revenue, profitability, and returns. Unless otherwise stated, the changes in financial results in the consolidated results of operations and the results of operations by segment represent the current year period versus the comparable period in the prior year. CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The Company delivered solid financial results in 2019 despite a contracting industrial demand environment. With the Company's diversified high-quality business portfolio, highly differentiated ITW Business Model and continued strong execution on enterprise initiatives throughout the year, the Company grew diluted earnings per share and returned approximately $2.8 billion to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases in 2019. Additionally, all segments had operating margin at or above 21.5% for 2019. 19 The Company does not believe that tariffs imposed in the past year have had a material impact on its operating results. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of enacted and proposed tariffs on its businesses, as well as pricing actions to mitigate the impact of any raw material cost increases resulting from these tariffs. In early 2020, an outbreak of the coronavirus occurred in China and other jurisdictions. The extent of the outbreak and its impact on the markets served by the Company and on its operations is uncertain. A prolonged outbreak could interrupt the operations of the Company and its customers and suppliers. The Company presents certain financial measures in fiscal year 2017 excluding the $658 million tax charge related to the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" and the benefit of a favorable $95 million legal settlement. These non-GAAP measures are consistent with the way management analyzes and assesses the Company's operating performance. The Company believes these non-GAAP measures enhance investors' understanding of the Company's underlying financial performance, as well as their ability to compare the Company's financial results and overall performance to that of its peers. The Company’s consolidated results of operations for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Operating revenue Operating income 2019 $ 14,109 $ 3,402 Operating margin % 24.1% 2018 $ 14,768 $ 3,584 (4.5)% (5.1)% 24.3% (20) bps Inc (Dec) Organic (1.9)% (1.3)% 10 bps (0.3)% (0.1)% — — % (1.4)% (30) bps (2.3)% (2.3)% — Total (4.5)% (5.1)% (20) bps Components of Increase (Decrease) Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency • • • • • • • Operating revenue declined due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, lower organic revenue and divestitures. Organic revenue decreased 1.9% primarily driven by a decline in the Automotive OEM, Specialty Products, Welding and Construction Products segments. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 60 basis points. ◦ ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue decreased 1.8% as a decline in the Automotive OEM, Specialty Products, Welding and Polymers & Fluids segments was partially offset by growth in the Food Equipment, Test & Measurement and Electronics and Construction Products segments. Europe, Middle East and Africa organic revenue decreased 2.2% as five segments declined, partially offset by growth in the Food Equipment and Construction Products segments. Asia Pacific organic revenue declined 1.6% as a decrease in the Construction Products, Automotive OEM, Food Equipment and Test & Measurement and Electronics segments was partially offset by an increase in the Welding, Polymers & Fluids and Specialty Products segments. Operating income of $3.4 billion decreased 5.1% primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency translation, higher restructuring expenses and lower organic revenue. Operating margin of 24.1% decreased 20 basis points. Excluding the unfavorable impact of higher restructuring expenses of 30 basis points, operating margin increased 10 basis points primarily due to benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives that contributed 120 basis points and favorable price/cost of 10 basis points, partially offset by negative operating leverage of 50 basis points, product mix and higher employee-related expenses. The effective tax rate for 2019 was 23.3% compared to 24.5% in 2018. The 2019 and 2018 effective tax rates benefited from the lower U.S. corporate federal tax rate and discrete items. The 2019 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $21 million in the third quarter for the U.S. federal provision to return adjustment resulting primarily from changes in estimates related to the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." The 2018 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $37 million in the third quarter related to the release of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of a non-U.S. subsidiary, which was partially offset by a discrete tax charge of $22 million in the third quarter related to foreign tax credits. Additionally, the effective tax rate for 2019 and 2018 included $28 million and $10 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $7.74, an increase of 1.8%, included a $0.09 gain in 2019 from the disposal of businesses. Free cash flow was $2.7 billion for 2019. Refer to the Cash Flow section of Liquidity and Capital Resources for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure. 20 • • • The Company repurchased approximately 9.8 million shares of its common stock in 2019 for approximately $1.5 billion. The Company increased the quarterly dividend by 7.0% in 2019. Total cash dividends of approximately $1.3 billion were paid in 2019. Adjusted after-tax return on average invested capital was 28.7% for 2019. Refer to the Adjusted After-Tax Return on Average Invested Capital section of Liquidity and Capital Resources for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income 2018 $ 14,768 $ 3,584 2017 $ 14,314 $ 3,485 Operating margin % 24.3% 24.3% Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency Total 3.2% 2.8% — 2.2% 1.2% (20) bps (0.1)% — % — —% 0.5% 10 bps 1.1% 1.1% 10 bps 3.2% 2.8% — • • • • • • • • • • • Operating revenue increased due to an increase in organic revenue and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue grew 2.2% primarily due to penetration gains, higher end market demand and product innovation. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue growth by 70 basis points. ◦ ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue increased 4.0% as all seven segments had revenue growth. Asia Pacific organic revenue grew 0.4% primarily driven by growth in the Welding, Test & Measurement and Electronics, Food Equipment and Polymers & Fluids segments, partially offset by a decline in the Specialty Products, Automotive OEM and Construction Products segments. Europe, Middle East and Africa organic revenue decreased 0.2% primarily driven by the Automotive OEM, Specialty Products and Polymers & Fluids segments. In the second quarter of 2017, the Company entered into a $95 million confidential settlement agreement to resolve a litigation matter. Based on the terms of the agreement, the Company received the settlement within 120 days of the execution of the agreement. The receipt of the settlement resulted in a favorable pre-tax impact of $15 million in the second quarter of 2017 and $80 million in the third quarter of 2017, which was included in operating income. Operating income of $3.6 billion increased 2.8%. Excluding the favorable impact of the 2017 confidential legal settlement, operating income would have increased 5.7%. Operating margin of 24.3% was flat with the prior year. Excluding the 60 basis points of favorability from the 2017 confidential legal settlement, operating margin increased 60 basis points primarily due to the benefits of the Company's enterprise initiatives that contributed 110 basis points and positive operating leverage of 50 basis points, partially offset by unfavorable price/cost of 50 basis points and higher freight and employee-related expenses. The effective tax rate was 24.5% and 48.4% for 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included in the effective tax rate for 2017 was a one-time additional income tax expense of $658 million related to the enactment of the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" in the United States. Excluding the tax charge of $658 million, the 2017 effective tax rate would have been 28.3%. Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $7.60 increased 56.4%. Excluding the 2017 unfavorable impact of $1.90 for the previously discussed one-time tax charge and the favorable impact of $0.17 for the confidential legal settlement, EPS increased 15.3%. Free cash flow was $2.4 billion for 2018. Refer to the Cash Flow section of Liquidity and Capital Resources for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure. The Company repurchased approximately 13.9 million shares of its common stock in 2018 for approximately $2.0 billion. The Company increased the quarterly dividend by 28.2% in 2018. Total cash dividends of approximately $1.1 billion were paid in 2018. Adjusted after-tax return on average invested capital was 28.2%, an increase of 390 basis points, primarily due to the new U.S. tax rules and regulations. Refer to the Adjusted After-Tax Return on Average Invested Capital section of Liquidity and Capital Resources for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure. 21 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT The reconciliation of segment operating revenue and operating income to total operating revenue and operating income is as follows: In millions Automotive OEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Food Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intersegment revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ In millions Automotive OEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Food Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unallocated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Operating Revenue 2019 2018 2017 $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,063 2,188 2,121 1,638 1,669 1,625 1,825 (20) 14,109 659 578 542 453 381 383 472 2019 3,338 2,214 2,171 1,691 1,724 1,700 1,951 (21) 14,768 Operating Income 2018 751 572 523 474 369 414 522 3,468 (66) 3,402 $ 3,625 (41) 3,584 $ 3,271 2,123 2,069 1,538 1,724 1,672 1,938 (21) 14,314 747 556 464 415 357 399 527 3,465 20 3,485 2017 Segments are allocated a fixed overhead charge based on the segment's revenue. Expenses not charged to the segments are reported separately as Unallocated. Because the Unallocated category includes a variety of items, it is subject to fluctuations on a quarterly and annual basis. Unallocated in 2017 includes the favorable impact from the previously discussed confidential legal settlement. AUTOMOTIVE OEM This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include: • plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses. 22 The results of operations for the Automotive OEM segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 3,063 659 21.5% $ $ 2018 3,338 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency Total (8.2)% 751 (12.2)% 22.5% (100) bps (5.4)% (7.0)% (40) bps —% —% — — % (2.6)% (60) bps (2.8)% (2.6)% — (8.2)% (12.2)% (100) bps • • • Operating revenue declined due to lower organic revenue and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue declined 5.4% versus worldwide auto builds which decreased 6%. Auto builds for North America, Europe and China, where the Company has a higher concentration of revenue as compared to other geographic regions, declined 6%. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 120 basis points. Additionally, organic revenue was negatively impacted by approximately 100 basis points due to unexpected customer shutdowns in North America in the second half of 2019. ◦ ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue decreased 7.8% compared to North American auto builds which were down 4% due to customer mix. Auto builds for the Detroit 3, where the Company has higher content, decreased 8%. Additionally, 2019 was negatively impacted by unexpected customer shutdowns. European organic revenue declined 4.5% compared to European auto builds which declined 4% in 2019 due to customer mix. Asia Pacific organic revenue declined 2.2% in 2019. China organic revenue declined 1.0% versus Chinese auto builds which declined 8% in 2019. Operating margin was 21.5% in 2019. The decrease of 100 basis points was primarily due to negative operating leverage of 90 basis points, unfavorable price/cost of 60 basis points, higher restructuring expenses and product mix, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 3,338 751 22.5% $ $ 2017 3,271 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency 2.0% 747 0.5% 22.8% (30) bps — % (2.0)% (40) bps —% —% — —% 0.6% 10 bps 2.0% 1.9% — Total 2.0% 0.5% (30) bps • • • Operating revenue increased due to the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue was flat compared to worldwide auto builds which declined 1%. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue growth by 120 basis points. ◦ ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue increased 3.0% compared to North American auto builds which declined 1%. Auto builds for the Detroit 3, where the Company has higher content, were flat. European organic revenue declined 2.7% compared to European auto builds which declined 1% due to customer mix. Organic revenue was negatively impacted by the new emissions testing requirements in Europe which disrupted auto production in the second half of 2018. Asia Pacific organic revenue decreased 0.7%. China organic revenue grew 2.6% versus Chinese auto builds which declined 4%, as auto production in China softened during the second half of 2018. Operating margin was 22.5% in 2018. The decrease of 30 basis points was primarily due to unfavorable price/cost of 130 basis points, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives. 23 FOOD EQUIPMENT This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food institutional/restaurant and food retail markets. Products in this segment include: • warewashing equipment; • cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers; • refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables; • food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales; • kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and • food equipment service, maintenance and repair. The results of operations for the Food Equipment segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 2,188 578 26.4% $ $ 2018 2,214 572 25.8% Inc (Dec) Organic (1.2)% 1.1 % 60 bps 1.1% 4.5% 90 bps Components of Increase (Decrease) Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency —% —% — — % (1.2)% (30) bps (2.3)% (2.2)% — Total (1.2)% 1.1 % 60 bps • • • Operating revenue declined due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by higher organic revenue. Organic revenue increased 1.1% as equipment organic revenue decreased 0.2% and service organic revenue increased 3.5%. ◦ North American organic revenue grew 1.1%. Equipment organic revenue declined 0.4% primarily driven by lower demand in the restaurant and institutional end markets, partially offset by higher demand in food retail. Service organic revenue increased 3.6%. International organic revenue grew 1.1% as equipment organic revenue increased 0.2% primarily due to higher demand in the European warewash, cooking and retail end markets, partially offset by lower demand in Asia. Service organic revenue increased 3.5%. ◦ Operating margin of 26.4% in 2019 increased 60 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, favorable price/cost of 40 basis points and positive operating leverage of 30 basis points, partially offset by product mix, higher employee-related expenses and higher restructuring expenses. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 2,214 572 25.8% $ $ 2017 2,123 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency 4.3% 556 2.9% 26.2% (40) bps 2.8% 1.0% (50) bps —% —% — —% 0.3% 10 bps 1.5% 1.6% — Total 4.3% 2.9% (40) bps • • Operating revenue increased due to higher organic revenue and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue increased 2.8% as equipment and service organic revenue increased 3.2% and 2.1%, respectively. ◦ North American organic revenue increased 3.5%. Equipment organic revenue grew 4.6% as higher end market demand in cooking, refrigeration and warewash was offset by lower end market demand in food retail. Service organic revenue grew 1.9%. 24 ◦ International organic revenue increased 1.9%. Equipment organic revenue grew 1.8% primarily due to higher demand in the European warewash and cooking end markets, partially offset by lower end market demand in refrigeration. Service organic revenue increased 2.4%. • Operating margin of 25.8% in 2018 declined 40 basis points primarily due to the unfavorable impact of product mix and higher employee-related expenses, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and positive operating leverage of 60 basis points. TEST & MEASUREMENT AND ELECTRONICS This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods, energy and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include: • equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids; • electronic assembly equipment; • electronic components and component packaging; • static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and • pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications. The results of operations for the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 2,121 542 25.6% $ $ 2018 2,171 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (2.3)% 3.7 % 523 24.1% 150 bps (0.3)% 5.7 % 140 bps (0.2)% — % 10 bps — % (0.2)% — (1.8)% (1.8)% — Total (2.3)% 3.7 % 150 bps • • • • Operating revenue declined due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, lower organic revenue and a divestiture. Operating revenue for 2019 included $58 million related to the business divested in 2019. Organic revenue decreased 0.3% in 2019. ◦ ◦ Organic revenue for the test and measurement businesses decreased 0.8% primarily driven by lower semi- conductor end market demand in North America. Excluding semi-conductor, the test and measurement businesses increased 3.5%. Instron, where demand is more closely tied to the capital spending environment, had organic revenue growth of 6.4%. Electronics organic revenue grew 0.4%. The other electronics businesses, which include the contamination control, static control and pressure sensitive adhesives businesses, grew 1.5% primarily due to growth in North America and Asia, partially offset by a decline in Europe. The electronics assembly businesses decreased 1.4% primarily due to lower demand in Asia. Operating margin of 25.6% in 2019 increased 150 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, lower intangible asset amortization expense and favorable price/cost of 50 basis points. 25 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 2,171 523 24.1% $ $ 2017 2,069 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency 4.9% 464 12.7% 22.4% 170 bps 3.5% 11.3% 170 bps —% —% — —% —% — 1.4% 1.4% — Total 4.9% 12.7% 170 bps • • • Operating revenue increased due to higher organic revenue and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue increased 3.5% in 2018. ◦ ◦ Organic revenue for the test and measurement businesses increased 5.5% with growth in all major regions primarily due to higher semi-conductor end market demand. Instron, where demand is more closely tied to the capital spending environment, had organic revenue growth of 7.1%. Electronics organic revenue grew 1.2%. The electronics assembly businesses declined 4.3% due to lower demand across North America and Europe. The other electronics businesses, which include the contamination control, static control and pressure sensitive adhesives businesses, grew 5.0% primarily due to higher semi- conductor end market demand in North America. Operating margin was 24.1% in 2018. The increase of 170 basis points was primarily driven by positive operating leverage of 90 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives. WELDING This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and energy, construction, MRO, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, and industrial capital goods markets. Products in this segment include: • arc welding equipment; and • metal arc welding consumables and related accessories. The results of operations for the Welding segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 1,638 453 27.7% $ $ 2018 1,691 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (3.1)% 474 (4.4)% 28.0% (30) bps (1.2)% (2.1)% (20) bps (1.1)% (0.4)% 20 bps — % (1.7)% (50) bps (0.8)% (0.2)% 20 bps Total (3.1)% (4.4)% (30) bps • • • Operating revenue decreased due to lower organic revenue, the impact of divestiture activity and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation. Operating revenue for 2019 included $62 million related to the business divested in 2019. Organic revenue decreased 1.2% as equipment declined 2.6%, partially offset by growth in consumables of 0.8%. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue declined 1.1% as a decrease in the industrial end markets was partially offset by growth in the commercial and oil and gas end markets. International organic revenue decreased 1.6% primarily due to a decline in Europe, partially offset by higher demand in Asia in the oil and gas end markets. 26 • Operating margin of 27.7% decreased 30 basis points compared to the prior year primarily driven by higher restructuring expenses of 50 basis points, product mix, negative operating leverage of 20 basis points and higher employee-related expenses, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and favorable price/cost of 70 basis points. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 1,691 474 28.0% $ $ 2017 1,538 9.9% 415 14.3% 27.0% 100 bps 9.7% 13.1% 80 bps —% —% — —% 1.0% 20 bps 0.2% 0.2% — Total 9.9% 14.3% 100 bps Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency • • • Operating revenue increased primarily due to higher organic revenue. Organic revenue grew 9.7% driven by growth in equipment of 11.0% and consumables of 7.9%. Organic revenue grew primarily due to increased demand in the industrial end markets related to heavy equipment for agriculture, infrastructure and mining, in the commercial end markets related to construction, light fabrication and farm and ranch customers, and in the oil and gas end markets. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue increased 10.6% primarily due to 14.7% and 5.8% growth in the industrial and commercial end markets, respectively. International organic revenue increased 5.7% primarily due to higher demand in the oil and gas end markets. Operating margin was 28.0% in 2018. The increase of 100 basis points was primarily due to positive operating leverage of 150 basis points and benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, partially offset by higher freight and employee- related expenses. POLYMERS & FLUIDS This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial, MRO and construction markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • • adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes; chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines; epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications; hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications; fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance; fillers and putties for auto body repair; and polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry. The results of operations for the Polymers & Fluids segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income Operating margin % $ $ 2019 1,669 381 22.8% $ $ 2018 1,724 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (3.2)% 3.1 % 369 21.4% 140 bps —% 7.9% 170 bps (0.4)% (0.1)% — — % (1.5)% (30) bps (2.8)% (3.2)% — Total (3.2)% 3.1 % 140 bps • Operating revenue decreased primarily due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation. 27 • • Organic revenue was flat as growth in the polymers businesses was offset by declines in the automotive aftermarket and fluids businesses. ◦ ◦ ◦ Organic revenue for the automotive aftermarket businesses declined 0.7% primarily due to lower demand in the tire repair businesses in North America and the additives businesses in Europe, partially offset by stronger demand in the car care businesses in North America. Organic revenue for the polymers businesses increased 2.4% primarily driven by growth in Asia and North America, primarily in the heavy industrial end markets. Organic revenue for the fluids businesses decreased 2.0% primarily due to a decline in the industrial maintenance, repair, and operations end markets in North America. Operating margin of 22.8% increased 140 basis points primarily due to the net benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and cost management, partially offset by higher restructuring expenses. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 1,724 369 21.4% $ $ 2017 1,724 357 20.7% Inc (Dec) Organic —% 3.3% 70 bps 1.0% 2.1% 20 bps Components of Increase (Decrease) Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (0.4)% (0.2)% — —% 1.7% 40 bps (0.6)% (0.3)% 10 bps Total —% 3.3% 70 bps • • • Operating revenue was flat as an increase in organic revenue was offset by the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation and a divestiture. Organic revenue increased 1.0% as higher demand in North America was partially offset by lower demand in Europe. ◦ ◦ ◦ Organic revenue for the automotive aftermarket businesses grew 2.3% as stronger demand in the car care and tire repair businesses in North America was partially offset by a decline in the engine and body repair businesses. Organic revenue for the polymers businesses increased 0.9% primarily driven by an increase in North America and South America, partially offset by a decline in Europe. Organic revenue for the fluids businesses declined 1.1% primarily due to decreased demand in Europe and South America, partially offset by growth in the industrial maintenance, repair, and operations end markets in North America. Operating margin of 21.4% increased 70 basis points primarily driven by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives, lower restructuring expenses and positive operating leverage of 30 basis points, partially offset by unfavorable price/cost of 100 basis points. CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include: • fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications; • anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications; • metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and • packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail. 28 The results of operations for the Construction Products segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 1,625 383 23.6% $ $ 2018 1,700 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (4.4)% 414 (7.4)% 24.3% (70) bps (1.0)% (3.1)% (50) bps —% —% — — % (1.2)% (30) bps (3.4)% (3.1)% 10 bps Total (4.4)% (7.4)% (70) bps • • • Operating revenue decreased in 2019 due to the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation and lower organic revenue. Organic revenue declined 1.0% in 2019. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue was flat as an increase of 1.9% in the United States residential end markets was offset by a decline of 3.2% in the commercial end markets and a decline in Canada. International organic revenue declined 1.8%. Asia Pacific organic revenue decreased 5.1% primarily due to a decline in Australia and New Zealand across all end markets. European organic revenue increased 1.3% driven by growth in continental Europe. Operating margin of 23.6% decreased 70 basis points primarily driven by unfavorable price/cost of 40 basis points, higher restructuring expenses, product mix and negative operating leverage of 10 basis points, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 1,700 414 24.3% $ $ 2017 1,672 399 23.9% Inc (Dec) Organic 1.6% 3.6% 40 bps 1.2% 3.1% 40 bps Components of Increase (Decrease) Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency —% —% — —% 0.3% 10 bps 0.4% 0.2% (10) bps Total 1.6% 3.6% 40 bps • • • Operating revenue increased due to higher organic revenue and the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue increased 1.2% in 2018. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue grew 1.6% as growth in the residential end markets of 3.2% was partially offset by a decline in the commercial end markets of 5.7%. International organic revenue increased 0.9%. European organic revenue increased 2.7% primarily due to growth in continental Europe and the Nordic countries. Asia Pacific organic revenue declined 0.8% primarily due to a decrease in the Australia and New Zealand retail end markets in the second half of the year. Operating margin was 24.3% in 2018. The increase of 40 basis points was primarily driven by the net benefits of the Company's enterprise initiatives and cost management of 110 basis points and positive operating leverage of 20 basis points, partially offset by unfavorable price/cost of 90 basis points. SPECIALTY PRODUCTS This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, general industrial, consumer durables, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include: • line integration, conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries; • plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment; • foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products; 29 • product coding and marking equipment and related consumables; • plastic and metal closures and components for appliances; • airport ground support equipment; and • components for medical devices. The results of operations for the Specialty Products segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 2019 compared to 2018 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2019 1,825 472 25.9% $ $ 2018 1,951 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency (6.5)% (9.7)% 522 26.8% (90) bps (4.1)% (7.6)% (100) bps (0.6)% — % 20 bps — % (0.5)% (10) bps (1.8)% (1.6)% — Total (6.5)% (9.7)% (90) bps • • • • Operating revenue decreased in 2019 due to lower organic revenue, the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation and the impact of divestiture activity. Operating revenue for 2019 included $14 million related to the businesses divested in 2019. Organic revenue decreased 4.1% in 2019. Consumables declined 5.8% primarily due to lower demand in North America and Europe. Equipment sales increased 2.2% primarily due to higher demand in North America, partially offset by a decline in Asia. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue by 100 basis points. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue decreased 3.1% primarily due to a decrease in the specialty films, labels and appliance businesses, partially offset by growth in the ground support equipment business and consumer packaging businesses. International organic revenue decreased 5.6% primarily due to a decline in the specialty films, graphics, appliance and foils businesses in Europe. Operating margin of 25.9% decreased 90 basis points primarily due to negative operating leverage of 90 basis points, product mix and higher employee-related expenses, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives. 2018 compared to 2017 Dollars in millions For the Years Ended December 31, Components of Increase (Decrease) Operating revenue Operating income $ $ Operating margin % 2018 1,951 522 26.8% $ $ 2017 1,938 Inc (Dec) Organic Acquisition/ Divestiture Restructuring Foreign Currency 0.7 % 527 (0.8)% 27.2% (40) bps (0.4)% (2.5)% (60) bps (0.1)% (0.1)% — —% 0.6% 20 bps 1.2% 1.2% — Total 0.7 % (0.8)% (40) bps • • • Operating revenue increased due to the favorable effect of foreign currency translation. Organic revenue decreased 0.4% as consumables declined 2.9%, partially offset by growth in equipment sales of 9.9%. Product line simplification activities reduced organic revenue growth by 130 basis points. ◦ ◦ North American organic revenue grew 1.8% primarily due to increased demand in the consumer packaging and ground support businesses, partially offset by a decline in the labels, appliance and plastic films businesses. International organic revenue decreased 3.8% primarily due to a decline in the graphics, appliance and plastic films businesses in Europe and Asia Pacific. Operating margin of 26.8% in 2018 decreased 40 basis points primarily driven by the unfavorable impact of product mix, higher freight and employee-related expenses, and unfavorable price/cost of 20 basis points, partially offset by benefits from the Company's enterprise initiatives and lower restructuring expenses. 30 OTHER FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS • • • • Interest expense was $221 million in 2019, $257 million in 2018 and $260 million in 2017. Interest expense in 2019 was $36 million lower than the previous year primarily due to the repayment of the $700 million notes due April 1, 2019 and the $650 million notes due March 1, 2019. Interest expense in 2018 was $3 million lower than 2017 primarily due to lower outstanding commercial paper in 2018. Other income (expense) was income of $107 million in 2019, $67 million in 2018 and $45 million in 2017. The income in 2019 increased $40 million compared to the previous year primarily due to a net pre-tax gain on the disposal of operations and affiliates of $44 million in 2019. The income in 2018 increased $22 million compared to 2017 primarily due to other net periodic benefit income related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans and lower foreign currency translation losses. The effective tax rate was 23.3% in 2019, 24.5% in 2018, and 48.4% in 2017. The 2019 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $21 million in the third quarter for the U.S. federal provision to return adjustment resulting primarily from changes in estimates related to the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." The 2018 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $37 million in the third quarter related to the release of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of a non-U.S. subsidiary, which was partially offset by a discrete tax charge of $22 million in the third quarter related to foreign tax credits. Included in the effective tax rate for 2017 was a one-time additional income tax expense of $658 million related to the United States "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act". Additionally, the effective tax rate for 2019, 2018 and 2017 included discrete tax benefits of $28 million, $10 million and $50 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information. The impact of the Euro and other foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar decreased operating revenue and income before taxes by approximately $339 million and $84 million in 2019 versus 2018, respectively. The impact of the Euro and other foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar increased operating revenue and income before taxes by approximately $150 million and $37 million in 2018 versus 2017, respectively. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are free cash flow and short-term credit facilities. In addition, the Company had $2.0 billion of cash and equivalents on hand as of December 31, 2019 and also maintains strong access to public debt markets. Management believes that these sources are sufficient to service debt and to finance the Company's capital allocation priorities, which include: • • • internal investments to support organic growth and sustain core businesses; payment of an attractive dividend to shareholders; and external investments in selective strategic acquisitions that support the Company's organic growth focus and an active share repurchase program. The Company believes that, based on its operating revenue, operating margin, free cash flow, and credit ratings, it could readily obtain additional financing, if necessary. 31 Cash Flow The Company uses free cash flow to measure cash flow generated by operations that is available for dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions and debt repayment. The Company believes this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors in evaluating the Company’s financial performance and measures the Company's ability to generate cash internally to fund Company initiatives. Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities less additions to plant and equipment. Free cash flow is a measurement that is not the same as net cash flow from operating activities per the statement of cash flows and may not be consistent with similarly titled measures used by other companies. Summarized cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions to plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Free cash flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents). . . . Proceeds from sale of operations and affiliates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds (repayments) of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents . . . . . . Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 2,995 (326) 2,669 $ $ (1,321) $ (1,500) (4) 120 422 100 (9) 477 $ 2,811 (364) 2,447 $ $ (1,124) $ (2,000) — 1 (851) 49 (112) (1,590) $ 2,402 (297) 2,105 (941) (1,000) (3) 2 197 117 145 622 Free cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2017 included the impact of an additional $115 million discretionary pension contribution related to the U.S. primary pension plan. Stock Repurchase Programs On February 13, 2015, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of the Company’s common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2015 Program"). Under the 2015 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 6.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $91.78 per share during 2015, approximately 18.7 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $107.17 per share during 2016, approximately 7.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $140.56 per share during 2017, approximately 13.9 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $143.66 per share during 2018 and approximately 3.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $143.23 per share during 2019. The 2015 Program was completed in the second quarter of 2019. On August 3, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2018 Program"). Under the 2018 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 6.7 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $158.11 per share during 2019. As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately $1.9 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2018 program. 32 Adjusted After-Tax Return on Average Invested Capital The Company uses adjusted after-tax return on average invested capital ("ROIC") to measure the effectiveness of its operations’ use of invested capital to generate profits. ROIC is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company believes is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company’s financial performance and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate ROIC. For comparability, the Company excluded the third quarter discrete tax benefit of $21 million from the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019. Additionally, the Company excluded the third quarter net discrete tax benefit of $15 million from the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company also excluded the $658 million income tax charge from the effective tax rate and the $95 million confidential legal settlement from the calculation of ROIC for the year ended December 31, 2017. Average invested capital represents the net assets of the Company, excluding cash and equivalents and outstanding debt, which are excluded as they do not represent capital investment in the Company's operations. Average invested capital is calculated using balances at the start of the period and at the end of each quarter. ROIC for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows: Dollars in millions Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: Legal settlement income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjusted operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjusted tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income after taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Invested capital: Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net assets held for sale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill and intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable and accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total invested capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average invested capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjusted after-tax return on average invested capital. . . . . . . $ $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 3,402 $ 3,584 $ — 3,402 24.0% (815) 2,587 2,461 1,164 280 1,729 5,343 (1,689) (481) 8,807 9,028 28.7% $ $ $ $ — 3,584 24.9% (893) 2,691 2,622 1,318 — 1,791 5,717 (1,795) (519) 9,134 9,533 28.2% $ $ $ $ 3,485 (95) 3,390 28.3% (958) 2,432 2,628 1,220 — 1,778 6,024 (1,848) 21 9,823 10,005 24.3% ROIC increased 50 basis points for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period as a result of a 5.3% decrease in average invested capital versus a 3.9% decrease in after-tax operating income. ROIC increased 390 basis points in 2018 versus 2017 primarily related to the new U.S. tax rules and regulations. A reconciliation of the 2019 effective tax rate excluding the third quarter discrete tax benefit of $21 million is as follows: Dollars in millions As reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Discrete tax benefit related to third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 Income Taxes Tax Rate 767 21 788 23.3% 0.7% 24.0% 33 A reconciliation of the 2018 effective tax rate excluding the third quarter net discrete tax benefit of $15 million is as follows: Dollars in millions As reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Net discrete tax benefit related to third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018 Income Taxes Tax Rate 831 15 846 24.5% 0.4% 24.9% A reconciliation of the 2017 effective tax rate excluding the discrete tax charge of $658 million related to the 2017 U.S. tax legislation is as follows: Dollars in millions As reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Discrete tax charge related to 2017 U.S. tax legislation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 Income Taxes Tax Rate 1,583 (658) 925 48.4 % (20.1)% 28.3 % Refer to Note 6. Income Taxes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information regarding the discrete tax items noted above. Working Capital Management uses working capital as a measurement of the short-term liquidity of the Company. Net working capital as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized as follows: Dollars in millions Current Assets: Cash and equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Current Liabilities: Short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable and accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities held for sale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Working Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2019 2018 Increase (Decrease) 1,981 2,461 1,164 296 351 6,253 4 1,689 71 390 2,154 4,099 $ $ 1,504 2,622 1,318 334 — 5,778 1,351 1,795 — 396 3,542 2,236 $ $ 477 (161) (154) (38) 351 475 (1,347) (106) 71 (6) (1,388) 1,863 The increase in net working capital as of December 31, 2019 was primarily driven by lower short-term debt. See Note 10. Debt in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information. As of December 31, 2019, approximately half of the Company's cash and equivalents was held by international subsidiaries. Cash and equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the U.S. Cash and equivalents held internationally are typically used for international operating needs or reinvested to fund expansion of existing international businesses. International funds may also be used to fund international acquisitions or, if not considered 34 permanently invested, may be repatriated to the U.S. The Company has accrued for foreign withholding taxes related to foreign held cash and equivalents that are not permanently invested. In the U.S., the Company utilizes cash flows from operations to fund domestic cash needs and the Company's capital allocation priorities. This includes operating needs of the U.S. businesses, dividend payments, share repurchases, acquisitions, servicing of domestic debt obligations, reinvesting to fund expansion of existing U.S. businesses and general corporate needs. The Company may also use its commercial paper program, which is backed by long-term credit facilities, for short-term liquidity needs. The Company believes cash generated by operations and liquidity provided by the Company's commercial paper program will continue to be sufficient to fund cash requirements in the U.S. Debt Total debt as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows: In millions Short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term debt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 4 7,754 7,758 $ $ Increase (Decrease) 1,351 6,029 7,380 $ $ (1,347) 1,725 378 As of December 31, 2019, short-term debt included $4 million related to the 4.88% notes due December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, short-term debt included $650 million related to the 1.95% notes due March 1, 2019 and $700 million related to the 6.25% notes due April 1, 2019, both of which were repaid on the due date. There was no commercial paper outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company may issue commercial paper to fund general corporate needs, share repurchases, and small and medium-sized acquisitions. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a $2.5 billion, five-year line of credit agreement with a termination date of September 27, 2024 to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. This agreement replaced the existing $2.5 billion line of credit agreement with a termination date of May 9, 2021. No amounts were outstanding under the line of credit agreement at December 31, 2019. The maximum outstanding commercial paper balance during 2019 was $1.5 billion, while the average daily balance was $306 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's foreign operations had authorized credit facilities with unused capacity of $206 million. In June 2019, the Company issued €600 million of 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024 at 99.662% of face value, €500 million of 0.625% Euro notes due December 5, 2027 at 99.343% of face value and €500 million of 1.00% Euro notes due June 5, 2031 at 98.982% of face value. Net proceeds from the issuances were used to repay commercial paper and for general corporate purposes. 35 Total Debt to EBITDA The Company uses the ratio of total debt to EBITDA as a measure of its ability to repay its outstanding debt obligations. The Company believes that total debt to EBITDA is a meaningful metric to investors in evaluating the Company's long term financial liquidity and may be different than the method used by other companies to calculate total debt to EBITDA. EBITDA and the ratio of total debt to EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. The ratio of total debt to EBITDA represents total debt divided by net income before interest expense, other income (expense), income taxes, depreciation, and amortization and impairment of intangible assets on a trailing twelve month basis. Total debt to EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: Dollars in millions Total debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Add: Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization and impairment of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EBITDA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Total debt to EBITDA ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stockholders’ Equity The changes to stockholders’ equity during 2019 and 2018 were as follows: 2019 2018 2017 7,758 2,521 $ $ 7,380 2,563 $ $ 221 (107) 767 267 159 257 (67) 831 272 189 3,828 $ 4,045 $ 2.0 1.8 In millions Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adoption of new accounting guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchases of common stock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 3,258 2,521 — (1,335) (1,500) (2) 88 3,030 $ $ CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS The Company's significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 were as follows: 8,328 1,687 260 (45) 1,583 256 206 3,947 2.1 4,589 2,563 (415) (1,186) (2,000) (328) 35 3,258 In millions Principal payments on long-term debt . . Interest payments on debt . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncurrent income taxes payable . . . . . . Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and Future Years $ $ 4 197 33 55 289 $ $ 350 197 49 42 638 $ $ 561 185 49 32 827 $ $ 561 175 91 23 850 $ $ 1,373 155 122 18 1,668 $ $ 4,992 1,653 151 21 6,817 36 As of December 31, 2019, the Company had recorded noncurrent liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits of $168 million. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the timing of payments related to the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company did not have any significant off-balance sheet commitments at December 31, 2019. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The Company has three accounting policies that it believes are most important to the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require the Company to make estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, and in some cases on observable market information. Various assumptions are also used that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances and form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The Company's critical accounting policies are as follows: Income Taxes— The Company provides deferred income tax assets and liabilities based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities based on currently enacted tax laws. The Company’s deferred and other tax balances are based on management’s interpretation of the tax regulations and rulings in numerous taxing jurisdictions. Income tax expense, assets and liabilities recognized by the Company also reflect its best estimates and assumptions regarding, among other things, the level of future taxable income, the effect of the Company’s various tax planning strategies and uncertain tax positions. Future tax authority rulings and changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income and future tax planning strategies could affect the actual effective tax rate and tax balances recorded by the Company. Goodwill and Intangible Assets— The Company’s business acquisitions typically result in recording goodwill and other intangible assets, which are a significant portion of the Company’s total assets and affect the amount of amortization expense and impairment charges that the Company could incur in future periods. The Company follows the guidance prescribed in the accounting standards to test goodwill and intangible assets for impairment. On an annual basis, or more frequently if triggering events occur, the Company compares the estimated fair value of its reporting units to the carrying value of each reporting unit to determine if a potential goodwill impairment exists. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss, if any, is recorded for the difference between the implied fair value and the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. In calculating the fair value of the reporting units or specific intangible assets, management relies on a number of factors, including business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, comparable transactions and other market data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying them in the impairment tests of goodwill and other intangible assets. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had total goodwill and intangible assets of approximately $5.3 billion allocated to its reporting units. Although there can be no assurance that the Company will not incur additional impairment charges related to its goodwill and other intangible assets, the Company generally believes the risk of significant impairment charges is lessened by the number of diversified businesses and end markets represented by its reporting units that have goodwill and other intangible assets. In addition, the individual businesses in many of the reporting units have been acquired over a long period of time, and in many cases have been able to improve their performance, primarily as a result of the application of the Company’s 80/20 Front-to-Back process. The amount of goodwill and other intangible assets allocated to individual reporting units ranges from approximately $167 million to $1.2 billion, with the average amount equal to $533 million. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in the factors described above. Due to the inherent uncertainties associated with these factors and economic conditions in the Company’s global end markets, impairment charges related to one or more reporting units could occur in future periods. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits— The Company has various company-sponsored defined benefit retirement plans covering a number of U.S. employees and many employees outside the U.S. Pension and other postretirement benefit expense and obligations are determined based on actuarial valuations. Pension benefit obligations are generally based on each participant’s years of service, future compensation, and age at retirement or termination. Important assumptions in determining pension and postretirement expense and obligations are the discount rate, the expected long-term return on plan assets, life expectancy, and health care cost trend rates. Future changes in any of these assumptions could materially affect the amounts recorded related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans. See Note 11. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional discussion of actuarial assumptions used in determining pension and postretirement health care liabilities and expenses. 37 The Company determines the discount rate used to measure plan liabilities as of the year-end measurement date for the U.S. primary pension plan. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the associated liabilities could theoretically be effectively settled at the end of the year. In estimating this rate, the Company looks at rates of return on high-quality fixed income investments, with similar duration to the liabilities in the plan. A 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate would increase the present value of the U.S. primary pension plan obligation by approximately $41 million. The Company estimates the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost by applying specific spot rates along the yield curve to the projected cash flows rather than a single weighted-average rate. See Note 11. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for information on the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans and related assumptions. The expected long-term return on plan assets is based on historical and expected long-term returns for similar investment allocations among asset classes. For the U.S. primary pension plan, a 25 basis point decrease in the expected return on plan assets would increase the annual pension expense by approximately $4 million. ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk MARKET RISK The Company is exposed to certain market risks that exist as part of its ongoing business operations, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates, price volatility for certain commodities and changes in interest rates. The Company does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions and does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Interest Rate Risk The Company’s exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt. Refer to Note 10. Debt in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data for details related to the fair value of the Company's debt instruments. Foreign Currency Risk The Company operates in the U.S. and 52 foreign countries. The funding for the foreign manufacturing operations is provided primarily through the permanent investment of equity capital. The Company’s products are typically manufactured and sold within the same country or economic union. Therefore, the Company's manufacturing operations generally do not have significant assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies. The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015 and the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The cumulative unrealized pre-tax gain recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the net investment hedge was $239 million and $187 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 38 ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data MANAGEMENT REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The management of Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). ITW’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. ITW management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment we believe that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report herein. /s/ E. Scott Santi E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer February 14, 2020 /s/ Michael M. Larsen Michael M. Larsen Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer February 14, 2020 39 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Illinois Tool Works Inc. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Illinois Tool Works Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of  income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 40 Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Income Taxes-Refer to Note 6 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s income tax expense is recognized and measured based on management’s interpretation of the tax regulations and rulings in numerous taxing jurisdictions, which requires significant judgment. When calculating income tax expense management makes estimates and assumptions, including determination of the completeness of book income in each jurisdiction, calculation of taxable income through identification and classification of book to tax differences (either temporary or permanent items), consideration of applicable tax deductions or credits, and the identification of uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of each uncertain tax position requires management to apply specialized skill and knowledge related to the identified position. Management evaluates uncertain tax positions identified and a liability is established for unrecognized tax benefits when there is a more than 50% likelihood that its tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. There is additional judgment to determine the amount of the liability for the underlying tax position. The Company’s income tax expense for 2019 was $767 million and the liability recorded for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019, was $296 million. Given the number of taxing jurisdictions and the complex and subjective nature of the associated tax regulations and rulings, certain audit matters required a high degree of auditor judgment and increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our income tax specialists. These matters included the auditing of income tax expense, identification of uncertain tax positions, measurement of unrecognized tax benefits, and certain planning transactions with income tax expense implications. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit With the assistance of our income tax specialists, our principal audit procedures related to income tax expense included the following, among others: • We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over income taxes, including those over income tax expense, unrecognized tax benefits, and certain planning transactions with income tax expense implications. • We evaluated management’s significant estimates and judgments incorporated into the calculation of income tax expense by: • Selecting a sample of book to tax differences (temporary and permanent) and testing the accuracy, completeness, and classification of the selections, including evaluating that all impacts of significant transactions with income tax expense implications are considered. • Developing an expectation over the foreign income tax expense by jurisdiction and comparing it to the recorded balance. • Testing the accuracy of the income tax expense calculation. • We evaluated management’s significant judgments regarding the identification of uncertain tax positions by: • Evaluating the reasonableness of a selection of certain planning transactions with income tax expense implications, including the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the transactions. • Assessing management’s methods and assumptions used in identifying uncertain tax positions. • Comparing results of prior tax audits to ongoing and anticipated tax audits by tax authorities. • Evaluating external information, including applicable tax law, new interpretations, and related changes to assess the completeness and reasonableness of management’s considerations. • Determining if there was additional information not considered in management’s assessment. • We evaluated a sample of the liabilities recorded for unrecognized tax benefits to assess the establishment and amount of the liability for the specific underlying tax position. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Chicago, Illinois February 14, 2020 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002. 41 14,314 8,306 2,412 (95) 206 3,485 (260) 45 3,270 1,583 1,687 4.90 4.86 Statement of Income Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries For the Years Ended December 31 2018 2017 2019 In millions except per share amounts Operating Revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal settlement (income) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization and impairment of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . Operating Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other income (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income Before Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14,109 $ 14,768 $ 8,187 2,361 — 159 3,402 (221) 107 3,288 767 8,604 2,391 — 189 3,584 (257) 67 3,394 831 2,521 $ 2,563 $ Net Income Per Share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7.78 7.74 $ $ 7.65 7.60 $ $ The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 42   Statement of Comprehensive Income Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries In millions Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax . . . Comprehensive Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ For the Years Ended December 31 2019 2018 2017 2,521 $ 2,563 $ 1,687 (2) (26) 2,493 $ (328) (17) 2,218 $ 406 114 2,207 The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 43   Statement of Financial Position Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries In millions except per share amounts Assets Current Assets: Cash and equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current Liabilities: Short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncurrent Liabilities: Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncurrent income taxes payable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total noncurrent liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stockholders’ Equity: Common stock (par value of $0.01 per share): Issued- 550.0 shares in 2019 and 2018 Outstanding- 319.8 shares in 2019 and 328.1 shares in 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in-capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common stock held in treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1,304 22,403 (18,982) (1,705) 4 3,030 15,068 $ $ The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 44 December 31 2019 2018 $ $ $ 1,981 2,461 1,164 296 351 6,253 1,729 4,492 851 516 1,227 15,068 4 472 1,217 342 48 71 2,154 7,754 668 462 1,000 9,884 1,504 2,622 1,318 334 — 5,778 1,791 4,633 1,084 554 1,030 14,870 1,351 524 1,271 328 68 — 3,542 6,029 707 495 839 8,070 6 1,253 21,217 (17,545) (1,677) 4 3,258 14,870   Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Common Stock Held in Treasury Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Noncontrolling Interest Total Common Stock 6 $ 1,188 $ 19,505 $ (14,638) $ (1,807) $ 5 $ — — — — — — — — 6 — — — — — — — — 6 — — — — — — — — — (4) 36 — — — — (2) 1,218 — — (5) 40 — — — — 1,253 — 11 41 — — — — (1) 1,687 — — — (982) — — — 20,210 2,563 (370) — — — (1,186) — — 21,217 2,521 — — — (1,335) — — — — 76 — (1,000) — — — — (15,562) — — 17 — (2,000) — — — (17,545) — 63 — (1,500) — — — — — — — — — 114 406 — (1,287) — (45) — — — — (17) (328) (1,677) — — — — — (26) (2) — — — — — — — — (1) 4 — — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — — 4,259 1,687 72 36 (1,000) (982) 114 406 (3) 4,589 2,563 (415) 12 40 (2,000) (1,186) (17) (328) 3,258 2,521 74 41 (1,500) (1,335) (26) (2) (1) In millions except per share amounts Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . $ Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common stock issued for stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . Dividends declared ($2.86 per share) . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currency translation adjustments . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adoption of new accounting guidance . Common stock issued for stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . Dividends declared ($3.56 per share) . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currency translation adjustments . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common stock issued for stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . Dividends declared ($4.14 per share) . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currency translation adjustments . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6 $ 1,304 $ 22,403 $ (18,982) $ (1,705) $ 4 $ 3,030 The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 45 Statement of Cash Flows Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries In millions Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities: For the Years Ended December 31 2017 2018 2019 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: 2,521 $ 2,563 $ 1,687 Depreciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization and impairment of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in deferred income taxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Income) loss from investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Gain) loss on sale of plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Gain) loss on sale of operations and affiliates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other non-cash items, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures: (Increase) decrease in— Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase (decrease) in— Accounts payable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities: Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions to plant and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of operations and affiliates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities: Cash dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issuance of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchases of common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less Proceeds from debt with original maturities of more than three months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and Equivalents: 267 159 32 6 (15) (9) (44) 41 9 40 98 11 (16) (95) (7) (3) 2,995 (4) (326) 20 25 120 (18) (183) (1,321) 85 (1,500) (1) 1,774 (1,351) (12) (2,326) (9) Increase (decrease) during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 477 1,504 1,981 Supplementary Cash Flow Information: Cash Paid During the Year for Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Cash Paid During the Year for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 223 742 $ $ $ The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 272 189 34 5 (9) (7) 2 40 10 (60) (108) 3 (46) (36) (41) — 2,811 — (364) 16 26 1 (4) (325) (1,124) 22 (2,000) (850) — (1) (11) (3,964) (112) (1,590) 3,094 1,504 247 838 $ $ $ 256 206 64 3 (16) (1) (1) 36 10 (138) (81) (121) 39 (42) 501 — 2,402 (3) (297) 43 14 2 (10) (251) (941) 84 (1,000) 849 — (652) (14) (1,674) 145 622 2,472 3,094 240 1,018 46 (1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Notes to Financial Statements Description of business— Illinois Tool Works Inc. (the "Company" or "ITW") is a global manufacturer of a diversified range of industrial products and equipment with approximately 84 divisions in 53 countries. The Company primarily serves the automotive OEM/tiers, commercial food equipment, construction, general industrial, and automotive aftermarket end markets. Consolidation and translation— The financial statements include the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. The Company follows the equity method of accounting for investments where the Company has a significant influence but not a controlling interest. Intercompany transactions are eliminated from the financial statements. Foreign subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Reclassifications— Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform to current year reporting. Use of estimates— The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the notes to financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Acquisitions— The Company accounts for acquisitions under the acquisition method, in which assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition. The operating results of the acquired companies are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Operating revenue— Prior to 2018, the Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, product had shipped and the risks and rewards of ownership had transferred or services had been rendered, the price to the customer was fixed or determinable, and collectability was reasonably assured, which generally occurred at the time of product shipment. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted new revenue recognition guidance. Under this new guidance, operating revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. The Company's sales arrangements with customers are predominantly short-term in nature involving a single performance obligation related to the delivery of products and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances, arrangements may include service performed over time, or there may be significant obligations to the customer that are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance. In these circumstances, operating revenue may be recognized over time as the service is provided to the customer or deferred until all significant obligations have been completed. The amount of operating revenue recorded reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services and may include adjustments for customer allowances and rebates. Customer allowances and rebates consist primarily of volume discounts and other short-term incentive programs, which are estimated at the time of sale based on historical experience and anticipated trends. Shipping and handling charges billed to customers are included in revenue and are recognized along with the related product revenue as they are considered a fulfillment cost. Sales commissions are expensed when incurred, which is generally at the time of revenue recognition. Contract liabilities associated with sales arrangements primarily relate to deferred revenue on equipment sales and prepaid service contracts. Total deferred revenue and customer deposits were $188 million and $215 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are short- term in nature. For additional information regarding the Company's operating revenue, see New Accounting Pronouncements below and Note 3. Operating Revenue. Research and development expenses— Research and development expenses are recorded as expense in the year incurred. These costs were $221 million, $233 million and $225 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Advertising expenses— Advertising expenses are recorded as expense in the year incurred. These costs were $48 million, $50 million and $53 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Income taxes— The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and 47 liabilities given the provisions of the enacted tax laws. Valuation allowances are established when it is estimated that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Cash and equivalents— Cash and equivalents include cash on hand and instruments having original maturities of three months or less. Cash and equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. Trade receivables— Trade receivables are net of allowances for doubtful accounts. Prior to 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts included reserves for uncollectible accounts and customer credits. Under the new revenue guidance adopted on January 1, 2018, the reserve for customer credits is reported as a liability and included in Accrued expenses in the Statement of Financial Position. Accordingly, after January 1, 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts was comprised of reserves for uncollectible accounts. The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: In millions Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adoption of new revenue recognition guidance. . . . . . . . . . . Provision charged to expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Write-offs, net of recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to assets held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 21 — 6 (4) (2) (1) 20 $ $ 43 (23) 5 (3) — (1) 21 $ $ 43 — 3 (6) — 3 43 Inventories— Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and include material, labor and factory overhead. The last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method is used to determine the cost of inventories at certain U.S. businesses. The first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, which approximates current cost, is used for all other inventories. Inventories priced at LIFO were approximately 23% of total inventories as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. If the FIFO method was used for all inventories, total inventories would have been approximately $89 million and $97 million higher than reported at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The major classes of inventory at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: In millions Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIFO reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 452 131 670 (89) 1,164 $ $ 523 161 731 (97) 1,318 Net plant and equipment— Net plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Renewals and improvements that increase the useful life of plant and equipment are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Net plant and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018: In millions Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 186 1,357 3,551 133 5,227 (3,498) 1,729 $ $ 194 1,368 3,517 154 5,233 (3,442) 1,791 48 The Company’s U.S. businesses primarily compute depreciation on an accelerated basis. The majority of the Company's international businesses compute depreciation on a straight-line basis. The ranges of useful lives used to depreciate plant and equipment are as follows: Buildings and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5—50 years 3—12 years Depreciation was $267 million, $272 million and $256 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Goodwill and intangible assets— Goodwill represents the excess cost over fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The Company does not amortize goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives. Amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 20 years. The Company performs an impairment assessment of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives annually, or more frequently if triggering events occur, based on the estimated fair value of the related reporting unit or intangible asset. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. When performing its annual impairment assessment, the Company evaluates the goodwill assigned to each of its reporting units for potential impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of the relevant reporting unit to the carrying value. The Company uses various Level 2 and Level 3 valuation techniques to determine the fair value of its reporting units, including discounting estimated future cash flows based on a detailed cash flow forecast prepared by the relevant reporting unit and market multiples of relevant public companies. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss, if any, is recorded for the difference between the implied fair value and the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill. The Company's indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and brands. The estimated fair values of these intangible assets are determined based on a Level 3 valuation method using a relief-from-royalty income approach derived from internally forecasted revenues of the related products. If the fair value of the trademark or brand is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of the intangible asset. Accrued warranties— The Company accrues for product warranties based on historical experience. The changes in accrued warranties for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: In millions Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision charged to expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 45 (44) 44 — 45 $ $ 45 (49) 50 (1) 45 $ $ 45 (45) 43 2 45 New Accounting Pronouncements Effective January 1, 2018 In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance to change the criteria for revenue recognition. The core principle of the new guidance is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, expanded revenue disclosures are required. The Company's sales arrangements with customers are predominantly short-term in nature and generally provide for transfer of control and risks and rewards of ownership at the time of product shipment or delivery of service. As such, the timing of revenue recognition under both the prior and new guidance is the same for the majority of the Company’s transactions. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue recognition guidance under the modified retrospective method and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment reducing retained earnings by $9 million as of January 1, 2018. Under the modified 49 retrospective method of adoption, prior periods are not restated and the new guidance is applied prospectively to revenue transactions completed on or after January 1, 2018. Given the nature of the Company’s revenue transactions, the new guidance had an immaterial impact on the Company's operating revenue, results of operations, and financial position for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company updated its revenue recognition accounting policy to reflect the requirements of the new guidance and included additional disclosures regarding the Company's revenue transactions. Refer to the Company’s operating revenue accounting policy above and Note 3. Operating Revenue for additional information. In October 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance requiring the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs rather than when transferred to a third party as required under the prior guidance. The provisions of the new guidance are being applied prospectively to intra-entity asset transfers on or after January 1, 2018 and may result in future tax rate volatility. Upon adoption of the new guidance on January 1, 2018, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment reducing deferred tax assets and retained earnings by $406 million. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the impact of the new guidance on the Company's effective income tax rate was not material. In February 2018, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which allows for an optional one-time reclassification of the stranded tax effects resulting from the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate under the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "Act") from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to retained earnings. The guidance was effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and to reclassify the stranded tax effects related to the Act, which resulted in an increase of $45 million to both retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 13. Stockholders' Equity for additional information. Effective January 1, 2019 In February 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to change the criteria for recognizing leasing transactions. The primary change under the new guidance is that a lessee is required to recognize a lease liability and corresponding right-of- use asset for its operating leases. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new guidance prospectively for all operating lease transactions as of and after the effective date with a noncancellable lease term greater than one year. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a lease liability of $205 million and a corresponding right-of-use asset. The new guidance did not have a material impact on the results of operations or cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 9. Leases for additional information regarding the Company’s lease transactions. In August 2017, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which included targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting and improve financial reporting of hedging activities. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new guidance which did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019. Effective January 1, 2020 In June 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which changes the methodology used to measure credit losses for certain financial instruments. Under current guidance, credit loss reserves are estimated based on historical information. The new guidance requires credit loss reserves to reflect the estimated credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial asset. This new guidance is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position. In January 2017, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which simplifies the assessment of goodwill for impairment. Under current guidance, when the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the fair value of the goodwill must be determined by valuing the other assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Under the new guidance, the requirement to determine the fair value of goodwill has been eliminated, and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. This new guidance is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2020 and will be applied by the Company during its annual assessment of goodwill in the third quarter, or earlier if a triggering event occurs. The adoption of this new accounting guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position. 50 (2) Divestitures The Company routinely reviews its portfolio of businesses relative to its business portfolio criteria and evaluates if further portfolio refinements may be needed. The Company previously communicated its intent to explore options, including potential divestitures, for certain businesses with annual revenues totaling up to $1 billion. As such, the Company may commit to a plan to exit or dispose of certain businesses and present them as held for sale in periods prior to the sale of the business. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company approved plans to divest six businesses, including two businesses in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment, one business in the Automotive OEM segment, one business in the Welding segment, and two businesses in the Specialty Products segment. These six businesses were classified as held for sale beginning in the second quarter of 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company divested three of the held for sale businesses which included one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment, one business in the Welding segment, and one business in the Specialty Products segment. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded net pre-tax gains on disposal of businesses of $44 million ($30 million after-tax, or $0.09 per diluted share) which was primarily due to the three divestitures of held for sale businesses discussed above. The net pre-tax gain was included in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. Operating revenue related to businesses divested in 2019 that was included in the Company's results of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was as follows: In millions Operating revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2019 2018 2017 134 $ 194 $ 202 The operating revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 of $134 million related to the businesses divested in 2019 included $62 million in the Welding segment, $58 million in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment, and $14 million in the Specialty Products segment. As of December 31, 2019, three of the businesses discussed above continued to be held for sale, including one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment, one business in the Automotive OEM segment, and one business in the Specialty Products segment. All of these businesses are expected to be sold within one year. The assets and liabilities related to the held for sale businesses were included in assets and liabilities held for sale in the Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2019, as follows: In millions Trade receivables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill and intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 81 28 48 166 28 351 21 17 33 71 Operating revenue related to the three businesses held for sale as of December 31, 2019 that was included in the Company's results of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was as follows: In millions Operating revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2019 2018 2017 373 $ 393 $ 397 51 (3) Operating Revenue The Company's 84 diversified operating divisions are organized and managed based on similar product categories and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions Automotive OEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Food Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intersegment revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2019 2018 2017 3,063 2,188 2,121 1,638 1,669 1,625 1,825 (20) 14,109 $ $ 3,338 2,214 2,171 1,691 1,724 1,700 1,951 (21) 14,768 $ $ 3,271 2,123 2,069 1,538 1,724 1,672 1,938 (21) 14,314 Prior to 2018, the Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, product had shipped and the risks and rewards of ownership had transferred or services had been rendered, the price to the customer was fixed or determinable, and collectability was reasonably assured, which generally occurred at the time of product shipment. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted new revenue recognition guidance. Under this new guidance, operating revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Given the nature of the Company’s revenue transactions, the new guidance had an immaterial impact on the Company's operating revenue, results of operations, and financial position for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. See Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information. The following is a description of the product offerings, end markets and typical revenue transactions for each of the Company's seven segments: Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include: • plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses. Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations. Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food institutional/restaurant and food retail markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • warewashing equipment; cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers; refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables; food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales; kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and food equipment service, maintenance and repair. 52 Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed. Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, industrial capital goods, energy and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids; electronic assembly equipment; electronic components and component packaging; static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications. Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and energy, construction, MRO, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, and industrial capital goods markets. Products in this segment include: arc welding equipment; and • • metal arc welding consumables and related accessories. Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial, MRO and construction markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • • adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes; chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines; epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications; hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications; fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance; fillers and putties for auto body repair; and polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry. Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include: • fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications; 53 anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications; • • metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail. • Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, general industrial, consumer durables, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include: • • • • • • • line integration, conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries; plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment; foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products; product coding and marking equipment and related consumables; plastic and metal closures and components for appliances; airport ground support equipment; and components for medical devices. Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed. (4) Legal Settlement In the second quarter of 2017, the Company entered into a $95 million confidential settlement agreement to resolve a litigation matter. Based on the terms of the agreement, the Company received the settlement within 120 days of the execution of the agreement. The receipt of the settlement resulted in a favorable pre-tax impact of $15 million in the second quarter of 2017 and $80 million in the third quarter of 2017, which were included in operating income. (5) Other Income (Expense) Other income (expense) for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following: In millions Gain (loss) on disposal of operations and affiliates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other net periodic benefit income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income (loss) from investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equity income in Wilsonart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other income (expense). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 44 29 24 15 — (10) 5 107 $ $ (2) $ 35 20 9 — (1) 6 67 $ 1 45 9 16 — (25) (1) 45 Refer to Note 2. Divestitures for further information regarding the Gain (loss) on disposal of operations and affiliates of $44 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company divested a 51% majority interest in its former Decorative Surfaces segment to certain funds managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC ("CD&R"). As a result of the transaction, the Company owns common units (the "Common Units") of Wilsonart International Holdings LLC ("Wilsonart") initially representing approximately 49% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity. CD&R owns cumulative convertible participating preferred units (the "Preferred Units") of Wilsonart representing approximately 51% (on an as-converted basis) of the total outstanding equity. The Preferred Units rank senior to the Common Units as to dividends and liquidation preference, and accrue dividends at a rate of 10% per annum. The ownership interest in Wilsonart is reported using the equity 54 method of accounting. The Company's proportionate share in income (loss) of Wilsonart is reported in Other income (expense) in the Statement of Income. As the Company's investment in Wilsonart is structured as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes, U.S. taxes are recorded separately from the equity investment. In 2016, the Company received a $167 million dividend distribution from Wilsonart which exceeded the Company's equity investment balance and resulted in a $54 million pre-tax gain in 2016. As a result of the dividend distribution, the equity investment balance in Wilsonart was reduced to zero and any subsequent equity investment income will not be recognized until the gain is recaptured. (6) Income Taxes On December 22, 2017, the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the “Act”) was enacted in the United States. The provisions of the Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax rules. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a one-time additional income tax expense of $658 million related to the enactment of the Act. The more significant tax law changes resulting from the Act and related impacts to the Company are as follows: • • • A one-time repatriation tax on the deemed repatriation of post-1986 undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. As a result of this one-time deemed repatriation, the Company recorded a one-time additional income tax expense of $676 million during the fourth quarter of 2017. A portion of the resulting income taxes payable can be paid in installments over eight years. The noncurrent income taxes payable related to the one-time repatriation tax was $462 million and $495 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, as a result of the one-time repatriation provisions of the Act, the Company recorded additional foreign withholding taxes of $53 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 related to the expected repatriation of foreign held cash and equivalents. A reduction in the U.S. corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat rate of 21% beginning in 2018. Although the lower tax rate took effect in 2018, deferred tax assets and liabilities should be measured using the enacted tax rate expected to apply in the years in which they are expected to be settled. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a one-time net income tax benefit of $82 million as a result of the revaluation of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect the impact of lower future U.S. corporate tax rates. Deductibility of certain executive compensation. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a one-time write-off of deferred tax assets of $11 million related to the non-deductibility of certain performance-based compensation. At December 31, 2017, the Company had not completed the accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act; however, the Company made a reasonable estimate which was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017. During 2018, the Company revised its initial estimates which did not result in material changes to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017, or the effective tax rate for 2018. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had completed its accounting related to the tax effects of enactment of the Act. The Company’s ongoing accounting for the tax effects of the Act are based on the Company's current understanding of the changes in the tax law under the Act, but may be impacted due to issuance of final regulations or further clarification of the tax law. 55 Provision for income taxes— The components of the provision for income taxes for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: In millions U.S. federal income taxes: 2019 2018 2017 Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total U.S. federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 356 (26) 330 $ 373 (15) 358 Foreign income taxes: Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total foreign income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State income taxes: Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total state income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 53 355 77 5 82 358 49 407 66 — 66 $ 767 $ 831 $ 1,583 1,117 (10) 1,107 296 102 398 106 (28) 78 Income before taxes for domestic and foreign operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions Domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total income before taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 1,774 1,514 3,288 $ $ 1,774 1,620 3,394 $ $ 1,806 1,464 3,270 The reconciliation between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: U.S. federal statutory tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. tax effect of foreign earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax effect of U.S. federal tax law change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Differences between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates. . . . . Nontaxable foreign interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax effect of foreign dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax relief for U.S. manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 2018 2017 21.0% 1.1 — 1.7 2.0 (1.4) 0.2 — (0.9) (0.4) 23.3% 21.0% 1.5 (0.1) 1.6 2.1 (1.7) 1.0 — (0.3) (0.6) 24.5% 35.0% 0.5 20.1 1.2 (3.5) (1.7) 0.4 (1.4) (1.5) (0.7) 48.4% The Company's effective tax rate for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was 23.3%, 24.5% and 48.4%, respectively. The 2019 and 2018 effective tax rates benefited from the lower U.S. corporate federal tax rate and discrete items. The 2019 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $21 million in the third quarter for the U.S. federal provision to return adjustment resulting primarily from changes in estimates related to the Act. The 2018 effective tax rate benefited from a discrete tax benefit of $37 million in the third quarter related to the release of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of a non-U.S. subsidiary, which was partially offset by a discrete tax charge of $22 million in the third quarter related to foreign tax credits. Included in the effective tax rate for 2017 was a one-time additional income tax expense of $658 million related to the enactment of the Act. Additionally, the effective tax rates for 2019, 2018 56 and 2017 included $28 million, $10 million and $50 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Prior to the Act, deferred U.S. federal and state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes had not been provided on substantially all undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries as these earnings were considered permanently invested. As part of the one-time deemed repatriation provisions of the Act, the Company provided for U.S. tax on substantially all undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017. Upon repatriation of earnings to the U.S., the Company may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. The accrual for foreign withholding taxes related to the expected repatriation of foreign held cash and equivalents as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $62 million and $71 million, respectively. Deferred foreign withholding taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings considered permanently invested. As of December 31, 2019, undistributed earnings of certain international subsidiaries that are considered permanently invested were approximately $5.7 billion. Determination of the related deferred tax liability is not practicable because of the complexities associated with the hypothetical calculation. Deferred tax assets and liabilities— The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: In millions Goodwill and intangible assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory reserves, capitalized tax cost and LIFO inventory. Investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses and reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employee benefit accruals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign tax credit carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowances for uncollectible accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pension liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign debt instruments . . . . . . . . Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross deferred income tax assets (liabilities) . . . . . . . . . . . Valuation allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deferred income tax assets (liabilities) . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 Asset Liability Asset Liability 202 29 16 17 42 176 7 419 80 9 — — 45 32 1,074 (408) 666 $ $ (453) $ (3) (158) (74) — — — — — — (15) (57) (45) (13) (818) — (818) $ 194 30 19 17 36 186 8 451 89 10 — — — 32 1,072 (418) 654 $ $ (484) (3) (171) (72) — — — — — — (19) (45) — (13) (807) — (807) The valuation allowances recorded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 related primarily to certain net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and foreign tax credit carryforwards. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had utilized all realizable foreign tax credit carryforwards. 57 As of December 31, 2019, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, which expire as follows: 86 80 25 7 49 117 1,378 1,742 210 42 100 (24) (53) 10 285 Gross Carryforwards Related to Net Operating Losses In millions 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025-2045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Do not expire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross carryforwards related to net operating losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Unrecognized tax benefits— The changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: In millions Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions based on tax positions related to the current year . . . . Additions for tax positions of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reductions for tax positions of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 297 6 13 (14) (5) (1) 296 $ $ 285 3 49 (31) (5) (4) 297 $ $ Included in the balance as of December 31, 2019 were approximately $267 million of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. Settlements during 2017 primarily related to the Company effectively settling with the German Fiscal Authority on issues identified during its 2009-2011 audit, which primarily related to intercompany transactions. The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in these jurisdictions including the Internal Revenue Service, Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, German Fiscal Authority, French Fiscal Authority, and Australian Tax Office, and a number of these audits are currently ongoing, which may increase the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits in future periods. Due to the ongoing audits, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits may be decreased by approximately $56 million related predominantly to various intercompany transactions. The Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential exposure for these issues. The following table summarizes the open tax years for the Company’s major jurisdictions: Jurisdiction United States – Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open Tax Years 2016-2019 2017-2019 2012-2019 2016-2019 2013-2019 The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The accrual for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $19 million and $25 million, respectively. 58 (7) Net Income Per Share Net income per basic share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares assuming dilution for stock options and restricted stock units. Dilutive shares reflect the potential additional shares that would be outstanding if the dilutive stock options outstanding were exercised and the unvested restricted stock units vested during the period. The computation of net income per share for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions except per share amounts Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per share—Basic: Weighted-average common shares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per share—Basic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per share—Diluted: Weighted-average common shares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units . . Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution . . . . . Net income per share—Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 2,521 $ 2,563 $ 323.9 7.78 323.9 1.7 325.6 7.74 $ $ 335.0 7.65 335.0 2.1 337.1 7.60 $ $ 1,687 344.1 4.90 344.1 2.7 346.8 4.86 Options that were considered antidilutive were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share. There were 0.9 million and 0.5 million antidilutive options outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no antidilutive options outstanding as of December 31, 2017. (8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: In millions Balance, December 31, 2017 . $ 2018 activity: Foreign currency translation . . Balance, December 31, 2018 . 2019 activity: Acquisitions / (divestitures) . . Transfer to assets held for sale Foreign currency translation . . Balance, December 31, 2019 . $ Cumulative goodwill impairment charges, December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . $ Automotive OEM Test & Measurement and Electronics Food Equipment Polymers & Fluids Welding Construction Products Specialty Products Total 488 $ 1,372 $ 269 $ 919 $ 272 $ 530 $ 902 $ 4,752 (12) 476 — (5) (5) (20) 1,352 2 (109) — (10) 259 — — (3) (30) 889 — — (2) (9) 263 — (4) (1) (17) 513 — — (1) (21) 881 (119) 4,633 (1) (8) (4) 1 (126) (16) 466 $ 1,245 $ 256 $ 887 $ 258 $ 512 $ 868 $ 4,492 24 $ 83 $ 60 $ 15 $ 5 $ 7 $ 46 $ 240 59 Intangible assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows: 2019 Accumulated Amortization Cost Net Cost 2018 Accumulated Amortization Net In millions Amortizable intangible assets: $ Customer lists and relationships . . . . Trademarks and brands . . . . . . . . . . . Patents and proprietary technology. . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total amortizable intangible assets. . . . . . Indefinite-lived intangible assets: $ 1,530 694 581 449 3,254 (1,195) $ (434) (501) (433) (2,563) Trademarks and brands . . . . . . . . . . . Total intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 160 3,414 $ — (2,563) $ 335 260 80 16 691 160 851 $ $ $ 1,747 759 621 478 3,605 (1,282) $ (435) (506) (458) (2,681) 465 324 115 20 924 160 3,765 $ — (2,681) $ 160 1,084 The Company performed its annual impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in the third quarter of 2019, 2018 and 2017. There were no impairment charges as a result of these assessments. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, amortization expense of intangible assets was $159 million, $189 million and $206 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets for the twelve months ending December 31 was as follows: In millions 2020. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 117 104 85 68 (9) Leases Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted new lease accounting guidance which requires the recognition of a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset for all operating leases with a noncancellable lease term of greater than one year. The new guidance did not change the recognition of rental expense for operating leases which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable lease term based on the minimum lease payments at lease inception. Changes in rent subsequent to commencement that were not included in minimum lease payments at inception are recognized as variable rent in the period incurred. The Company’s lease transactions are primarily for the use of facilities, vehicles and equipment under operating lease arrangements. Total rental expense for operating leases for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $113 million, $124 million and $120 million, respectively. Total rental expense for 2019 included $69 million related to capitalized operating leases and $44 million related to short-term operating leases and variable lease payments. Short-term operating leases have original terms of one year or less, or can be terminated at the Company's option with a short notice period and without significant penalty, and are not capitalized. The right-of-use asset related to operating leases was $206 million as of December 31, 2019 and was included in Other assets. As of December 31, 2019, the current portion of the lease liability for operating leases was $51 million and was included in Accrued expenses, and the long-term portion was $128 million and was included in Other liabilities. 60 As of December 31, 2019, future maturities of operating lease liabilities for the twelve months ending December 31 were as follows: In millions 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 and future years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total future minimum lease payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: Imputed interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating lease liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: Current portion of operating lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term portion of operating lease liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 55 42 32 23 18 21 191 (12) 179 51 128 As of December 31, 2019, operating leases included in the lease liability had a weighted average remaining lease term of 4.6 years and a weighted average discount rate of 2.59% based on the incremental borrowing rate of the Company and its subsidiaries. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, cash paid related to maturities of operating lease liabilities was $70 million and operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities was $50 million. As of December 31, 2018, future minimum lease payments under operating leases with noncancellable terms in excess of one year for the twelve months ending December 31 were as follows: In millions 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 and future years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total future minimum lease payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 67 48 32 24 18 34 223 (10) Debt Short-term debt— Short-term debt represents obligations with a maturity date of one year or less and is stated at cost which approximates fair value. Short-term debt also includes current maturities of long-term debt. Short-term debt as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following: In millions Current maturities of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bank overdrafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 4 — 4 $ $ 1,350 1 1,351 As of December 31, 2019, short-term debt included $4 million related to the 4.88% notes due through December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2018, short-term debt included $650 million related to the 1.95% notes due March 1, 2019 and $700 million related to the 6.25% notes due April 1, 2019, both of which were repaid on the due date. There was no commercial paper outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company may issue commercial paper to fund general corporate needs, share repurchases, and small and medium- sized acquisitions. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a $2.5 billion, five-year line of credit 61 agreement with a termination date of September 27, 2024 to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. This agreement replaced the existing $2.5 billion line of credit agreement with a termination date of May 9, 2021. No amounts were outstanding under the line of credit agreement as of December 31, 2019. The Company was also in compliance with the financial covenants of the line of credit agreement as of December 31, 2019, which included a minimum interest coverage ratio. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper was 2.5% and 1.7% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had unused capacity of approximately $206 million under international debt facilities. Long-term debt— Long-term debt represents obligations with a maturity date greater than one year, and excludes current maturities that have been reclassified to short-term debt. Long-term debt at carrying value and fair value as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following: 2019 2018 Effective Interest Rate 1.98% 6.25% 4.96% 3.43% 1.86% 1.35% 3.54% 0.31% 2.69% 0.71% 2.18% 1.09% 3.13% 4.97% 3.96% In millions 1.95% notes due March 1, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . 6.25% notes due April 1, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . 4.88% notes due thru December 31, 2020. . . 3.375% notes due September 15, 2021 . . . . . 1.75% Euro notes due May 20, 2022 . . . . . . 1.25% Euro notes due May 22, 2023 . . . . . . 3.50% notes due March 1, 2024 . . . . . . . . . . 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024 . . . 2.65% notes due November 15, 2026 . . . . . . 0.625% Euro notes due December 5, 2027 . . 2.125% Euro notes due May 22, 2030 . . . . . 1.00% Euro notes due June 5, 2031 . . . . . . . 3.00% Euro notes due May 19, 2034 . . . . . . 4.875% notes due September 15, 2041 . . . . . 3.90% notes due September 1, 2042 . . . . . . . Other borrowings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: Current maturities of long-term debt . . Total long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ Carrying Value $ — $ — 4 349 558 558 697 668 993 554 555 552 548 637 1,082 3 7,758 (4) 7,754 $ Fair Value — $ — 4 358 584 584 742 677 1,032 570 644 580 724 829 1,283 3 8,614 $ Carrying Value 650 700 4 349 570 569 696 — 993 — 567 — 560 636 1,081 4 7,379 (1,350) 6,029 $ Fair Value 649 706 4 354 603 596 712 — 933 — 620 — 678 719 1,087 4 7,665 $ $ The approximate fair values of the Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, were based on a valuation model using Level 2 observable inputs, which included market rates for comparable instruments for the respective periods. In 2005, the Company issued $54 million of 4.88% notes due through December 31, 2020 at 100% of face value. In 2009, the Company issued $700 million of 6.25% redeemable notes due April 1, 2019 at 99.98% of face value, which were repaid on the due date. In 2011, the Company issued $350 million of 3.375% notes due September 15, 2021 at 99.552% of face value and $650 million of 4.875% notes due September 15, 2041 at 98.539% of face value. In 2012, the Company issued $1.1 billion of 3.9% notes due September 1, 2042 at 99.038% of face value. In February 2014, the Company issued $650 million of 1.95% notes due March 1, 2019 at 99.871% of face value and $700 million of 3.5% notes due March 1, 2024 at 99.648% of face value. The $650 million of 1.95% notes due March 1, 2019 were repaid on the due date. 62 In May 2014, the Company issued €500 million of 1.75% Euro notes due May 20, 2022 at 99.16% of face value and €500 million of 3.0% Euro notes due May 19, 2034 at 98.089% of face value. In May 2015, the Company issued €500 million of 1.25% Euro notes due May 22, 2023 at 99.239% of face value and €500 million of 2.125% Euro notes due May 22, 2030 at 99.303% of face value. Net proceeds from the May 2015 debt issuances were used to repay commercial paper and for general corporate purposes. In November 2016, the Company issued $1.0 billion of 2.65% notes due November 15, 2026 at 99.685% of face value. Net proceeds from the November 2016 debt issuance were used to repay commercial paper and for general corporate purposes. In June 2019, the Company issued €600 million of 0.25% Euro notes due December 5, 2024 at 99.662% of face value, €500 million of 0.625% Euro notes due December 5, 2027 at 99.343% of face value and €500 million of 1.00% Euro notes due June 5, 2031 at 98.982% of face value. Net proceeds from the issuances were used to repay commercial paper and for general corporate purposes. The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015 and the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro- denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Refer to Note 13. Stockholders' Equity for additional information regarding the net investment hedge. All of the Company's notes listed above represent senior unsecured obligations ranking equal in right of payment. As of December 31, 2019, scheduled future maturities of long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt, for the twelve months ending December 31 were as follows: In millions 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 and future years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4 349 558 558 1,365 4,924 7,758 (11) Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company has both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, predominately in the U.S. The U.S. primary pension plan provides benefits based on years of service and final average salary. The U.S. primary postretirement health care plan is contributory with the participants’ contributions adjusted annually. The U.S. primary postretirement life insurance plan is noncontributory. Beginning January 1, 2007, the U.S. primary pension and other postretirement benefit plans were closed to new participants. Newly hired employees and employees from acquired businesses that are not participating in these plans are eligible for additional Company contributions under the existing U.S. primary defined contribution retirement plans. The Company’s expense related to defined contribution plans was $86 million in 2019, $82 million in 2018, and $79 million in 2017. In addition to the U.S. plans, the Company also has defined benefit pension plans in certain other countries, mainly the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany and Switzerland. 63 Summarized information regarding net periodic benefit cost included in the Statement of Income related to the Company's significant defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows: In millions Components of net periodic benefit cost: Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss. . . . . . Amortization of prior service cost. . . . . . . . Total net periodic benefit cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 Pension 2018 2017 Other Postretirement Benefits 2017 2018 2019 $ 52 $ 60 $ 63 $ 7 $ 78 (121) 21 72 (126) 43 1 31 $ — 49 $ $ 72 (133) 57 — 59 20 (22) (1) — $ 4 $ 8 $ 18 (25) (2) — (1) $ 9 19 (23) (1) — 4 The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of revenue and Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses in the Statement of Income while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense). The Company used the updated mortality improvement scales from the Society of Actuaries, MP-2019 and MP-2018, to measure its U.S. pension and other postretirement obligations as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which did not have a significant impact in either period. The following tables provide a rollforward of the plan benefit obligations, plan assets and a reconciliation of funded status for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: In millions Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at January 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan participants’ contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amendments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Actuarial (gain) loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to liabilities held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicare subsidy received. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities from other immaterial plans . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefit obligation at December 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ Pension Other Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 2,429 52 78 2 — 295 (2) (156) — — 33 2,731 $ $ 2,661 60 72 2 9 (162) — (165) — 5 (53) 2,429 $ $ 511 7 20 12 — 61 — (42) 1 — — 570 $ $ 546 8 18 12 — (35) — (40) 2 — — 511 64 In millions Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at January 1. . . . . . . . . . Actual return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Company contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan participants’ contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of plan assets at December 31 . . . . . . . . . . Funded status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other immaterial plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net asset (liability) at December 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The amounts recognized in the Statement of Financial Position as of December 31 consist of: Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other noncurrent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net asset (liability) at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of: Net actuarial (gain) loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prior service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated benefit obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31: Projected benefit obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated benefit obligation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair value of plan assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Pension Other Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 $ 333 66 5 12 (42) — $ 374 (196) $ (5) (201) $ — $ (3) (198) (201) $ (35) $ — (35) $ 373 (19) 7 12 (40) — 333 (178) (5) (183) — (4) (179) (183) (53) — (53) 2,550 379 27 2 (156) 42 2,844 113 (42) 71 297 (11) (215) 71 568 7 575 2,589 194 188 29 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,832 (82) 23 2 (165) (60) 2,550 121 (46) 75 290 (12) (203) 75 552 8 560 2,299 176 170 28 Assumptions— The weighted-average assumptions used in the valuations of pension and other postretirement benefits were as follows: 2019 Pension 2018 2017 Other Postretirement Benefits 2017 2018 2019 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31: Discount rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate of compensation increases . . . . . . . . . . 2.61% 3.44% 3.66% 3.52% 3.12% 3.54% 3.29% 4.40% 3.72% Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the twelve months ended December 31: Discount rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . Rate of compensation increases . . . . . . . . . . 3.66% 4.71% 3.52% 3.12% 4.77% 3.54% 3.41% 5.53% 3.77% 4.40% 6.70% 3.72% 6.80% 4.30% 6.80% The expected long-term rates of return for pension and other postretirement benefit plans were developed using historical asset class returns while factoring in current market conditions such as inflation, interest rates and asset class performance. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the associated liabilities could theoretically be effectively settled at the end of the year. In estimating this rate, the Company looks at rates of return on high-quality fixed income investments, with similar 65 duration to the liabilities in the plan. The Company estimates the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost by applying specific spot rates along the yield curve to the projected cash flows rather than a single weighted-average rate. Assumed health care cost trend rates have an effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement health care benefit plans. The assumed health care cost trend rates used to determine the postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31 were as follows: Health care cost trend rate assumed for the next year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ultimate trend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.70% 4.50% 2026 7.00% 4.50% 2026 6.25% 4.50% 2025 2019 2018 2017 A one percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following impact: In millions Change in service cost and interest cost for 2019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 1 Percentage- Point Increase 1 Percentage- Point Decrease — $ $ 2 (1) (3) Plan assets— The Company’s overall investment strategy for the assets in the pension funds is to achieve a balance between the goals of growing plan assets and keeping risk at a reasonable level over a long-term investment horizon. In order to reduce unnecessary risk, the pension funds are diversified across several asset classes, securities and investment managers. The target allocations for plan assets are 15% to 25% equity investments, 75% to 85% fixed income investments and 0% to 10% in other types of investments. The Company does not use derivatives for the purpose of speculation, leverage, circumventing investment guidelines or taking risks that are inconsistent with specified guidelines. The assets in the Company’s postretirement health care plan are primarily invested in life insurance policies. The Company’s overall investment strategy for the assets in the postretirement health care fund is to invest in assets that provide a reasonable tax exempt rate of return while preserving capital. 66 The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, by asset category and valuation methodology. Level 1 assets are valued using unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. Level 2 assets are valued using quoted prices or other observable inputs for similar assets. Level 3 assets are valued using unobservable inputs, but reflect the assumptions market participants would be expected to use in pricing the assets. Each financial instrument’s categorization is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. In millions Pension Plan Assets: Cash and equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed income securities: $ Government securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate debt securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment contracts with insurance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commingled funds: Collective trust funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partnerships/private equity interests . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total fair value of pension plan assets. . . . . . . . . . . . Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets: Life insurance policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total fair value of other postretirement benefit plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ In millions Pension Plan Assets: Cash and equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed income securities: $ Government securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate debt securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment contracts with insurance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commingled funds: Collective trust funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partnerships/private equity interests . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total fair value of pension plan assets. . . . . . . . . . . . Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets: Life insurance policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total fair value of other postretirement benefit plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 2019 28 $ 27 $ 1 $ — — — 355 969 — — 27 $ 4 1,329 $ 355 969 1 1,460 27 4 2,844 $ 374 — — — 1 — 1 374 $ — $ — $ — Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 2018 28 $ 27 $ 1 $ — — — 371 853 — — 27 $ 4 1,229 $ 371 853 1 1,257 36 4 2,550 $ 333 — — — 1 — 1 333 $ — $ — $ — Cash and equivalents include cash on hand and instruments with original maturities of three months or less and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value. Fixed income securities primarily consist of U.S. and foreign government bills, notes and bonds, corporate debt securities and investment contracts. The majority of the assets in this category are valued by evaluating bid prices provided by independent financial data services. For securities where market data is not readily available, 67 unobservable market data is used to value the security. The underlying investments include small-cap equity, international equity and long- and short-term fixed income instruments. Pension assets measured at net asset value include collective trust funds, partnerships/private equity interests and life insurance policies. Collective trust funds are private funds that are valued based on the value of the underlying investments which can be redeemed on a daily basis. The underlying investments include both passively and actively managed U.S. and foreign large- and mid-cap equity funds and short-term investment funds. Partnerships/private equity interests are investments in partnerships where the benefit plan is a limited partner. The investments are valued by the investment managers on a periodic basis using pricing models that use market, income and cost valuation methods. Distributions are received from these funds on a periodic basis through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the fund. Life insurance policies are used to fund other postretirement benefits in order to obtain favorable tax treatment and are valued based on the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. The Company has selected the funds in which these assets are invested and may elect to withdraw funds with proper notice to the insurance company or maintain the policies and receive death benefits as determined by the contracts. Cash flows— The Company generally funds its pension and other postretirement benefit plans as required by law or to the extent such contributions are tax deductible. The Company expects to contribute approximately $29 million to its pension plans and $5 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s portion of the future benefit payments that are expected to be paid during the twelve months ending December 31 is as follows: In millions 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Years 2025-2029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Pension Other Postretirement Benefits $ 152 157 164 171 175 862 35 35 35 35 36 176 (12) Commitments and Contingencies The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including those involving environmental, product liability (including toxic tort) and general liability claims. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on developments to date, the Company’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters and its experience in contesting, litigating and settling other similar matters. The Company believes resolution of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, liquidity or future operations. (13) Stockholders' Equity Preferred Stock— Preferred Stock, without par value, of which 0.3 million shares are authorized and unissued, is issuable in series. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix by resolution the designation and characteristics of each series of preferred stock. The Company has no present commitment to issue its preferred stock. Share Repurchases— On February 13, 2015, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program which provided for the repurchase of up to $6.0 billion of the Company’s common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2015 Program"). Under the 2015 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 6.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $91.78 per share during 2015, approximately 18.7 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $107.17 per share during 2016, approximately 7.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $140.56 per share during 2017, approximately 13.9 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $143.66 per share during 2018 and approximately 3.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $143.23 per share during 2019. The 2015 Program was completed in the second quarter of 2019. On August 3, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program which provides for the repurchase of up to an additional $3.0 billion of the Company's common stock over an open-ended period of time (the "2018 Program"). Under the 2018 Program, the Company repurchased approximately 6.7 million shares of its common stock at an 68 average price of $158.11 per share during 2019. As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately $1.9 billion of authorized repurchases remaining under the 2018 program. Cash Dividends— Cash dividends declared were $4.14 per share in 2019, $3.56 per share in 2018 and $2.86 per share in 2017. Cash dividends paid were $4.07 per share in 2019, $3.34 per share in 2018 and $2.73 per share in 2017. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)— The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: In millions Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 2018 2017 $ (1,677) $ (1,287) $ (1,807) Adoption of new accounting guidance related to reclassification of certain tax effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments during the period . . . . . . Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income . . Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . — 7 — (9) (2) (54) 21 7 (26) (45) (308) 5 (25) (328) (64) 41 6 (17) — 294 2 110 406 96 56 (38) 114 Ending balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (1,705) $ (1,677) $ (1,287) Effective January 1, 2018, the Company elected to early adopt new accounting guidance related to the stranded tax effects resulting from the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate under the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (the "Act") and reclassified $45 million of stranded income tax effects from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to Retained earnings. Refer to Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information. Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassified to income primarily relate to the disposal of operations and were included in the related gain or loss upon disposal. Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income represent the amortization of actuarial gains and losses and prior service cost. Refer to Note 11. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits for the amounts included in net periodic benefit cost. The Company designated the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2014, the €1.0 billion of Euro notes issued in May 2015 and the €1.6 billion of Euro notes issued in June 2019 as hedges of a portion of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The cumulative unrealized pre-tax gain recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the net investment hedge was $239 million and $187 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the ending balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of after- tax cumulative translation adjustment losses of $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, and after-tax unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefits costs of $390 million and $364 million, respectively. The estimated pre-tax unrecognized net benefit cost that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into income in 2020 is $48 million for pension and other postretirement benefits. 69 (14) Stock-Based Compensation On May 8, 2015 (the "Effective Date"), the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan") was approved by shareholders. As of the Effective Date, no additional awards will be granted to employees under the 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan"). The significant terms of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") were not changed under the 2015 Plan. Stock options and RSUs are issued to officers and/or other management employees under these plans. Stock options generally vest over a four-year period and have an expiration of ten years from the issuance date. RSUs generally "cliff" vest after a three-year period and include units with and without performance criteria. RSUs with performance criteria provide for full "cliff" vesting after three years if the Compensation Committee certifies that the performance goals have been met. Upon vesting, the holder will receive one share of common stock of the Company for each vested RSU. Commencing in February 2013, the Company began issuing shares from treasury stock to cover the exercised options and vested RSUs. Prior to February 2013, the Company generally issued new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 11 million shares of ITW common stock were reserved for issuance under these plans. The Company records compensation expense for the grant date fair value of stock awards over the remaining service periods of those awards. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock-based compensation expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: In millions Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 41 (5) 36 $ $ 40 (5) 35 $ $ 36 (9) 27 The following table summarizes activity related to non-vested RSUs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019: Shares in millions Unvested, January 1, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unvested, December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Shares 0.5 0.2 (0.2) 0.5 Weighted-Average Grant- Date Fair Value $121.24 144.43 87.28 144.92 The following table summarizes stock option activity for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019: In millions except exercise price and contractual terms Under option, January 1, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canceled or expired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Under option, December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . Exercisable, December 31, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of  Shares 4.6 0.5 (1.3) (0.1) 3.7 2.4 Weighted-Average Exercise Price $90.56 144.21 64.51 144.55 106.57 89.55 Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value 5.9 4.8 $271 $220 70 The fair value of RSUs is equal to the common stock fair market value on the date of the grant. RSUs provide for dividend equivalents payable in additional RSUs for dividends that would have been paid during the vesting period. Stock option exercise prices are equal to the common stock fair market value on the date of grant. The Company estimates forfeitures based on historical rates for awards with similar characteristics. The Company uses a binomial option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted. The following summarizes the assumptions used in the option valuations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected years until exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 2.50-2.68% 22.0% 2.20% 8.7-9.0 2018 2.07-3.06% 22.0% 2.10% 7.5-8.4 2017 0.91-2.61% 22.0% 2.22% 7.2-7.9 Lattice-based option valuation models, such as the binomial option pricing model, incorporate ranges of assumptions for inputs. The risk-free rate of interest for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on a zero-coupon U.S. government instrument over the contractual term of the equity instrument. Expected volatility is based on implied volatility from traded options on the Company’s stock and historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise timing and employee termination rates within the valuation model. The weighted-average dividend yield is based on historical information. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The ranges presented result from separate groups of employees assumed to exhibit different exercise behavior. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $34.36, $38.34 and $26.83 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $127 million, $33 million and $132 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there was $10 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. Exercise of stock options during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 resulted in cash receipts of $85 million, $22 million and $84 million, respectively. The total fair value of vested stock option awards during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $17 million, $15 million and $13 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, there was $29 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 1.8 years. The total fair value of vested RSU awards during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $20 million, $19 million and $19 million, respectively. 71 (15) Other Balance Sheet Information Other balance sheet information as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows: In millions Prepaid expenses and other current assets: Income tax refunds receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Value-added-tax receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vendor advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets: Cash surrender value of life insurance policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid pension assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating lease right-of-use asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer tooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses: Compensation and employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue and customer deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rebates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current portion of operating lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current portion of pension and other postretirement benefit obligations . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities: Pension benefit obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postretirement benefit obligation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term portion of operating lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 77 73 25 121 296 441 297 206 141 51 91 1,227 335 188 159 51 45 14 425 1,217 215 198 128 459 1,000 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 98 79 30 127 334 429 290 — 171 51 89 1,030 391 215 172 — 45 16 432 1,271 203 179 — 457 839 72 (16) Segment Information The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. The following is a description of the Company's seven segments: Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and MRO solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. Segments are allocated a fixed overhead charge based on the segment's revenue. Expenses not charged to the segments are reported separately as Unallocated. Because the Unallocated category includes a variety of items, it is subject to fluctuations on a quarterly and annual basis. Unallocated in 2017 includes the favorable impact from the previously discussed confidential legal settlement. 73 Segment information for 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions Operating revenue: Automotive OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intersegment revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income: $ $ $ Automotive OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unallocated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization and impairment of intangible assets: Automotive OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant and equipment additions: $ $ $ Automotive OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identifiable assets: Automotive OEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test & Measurement and Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymers & Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialty Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ $ 2019 2018 2017 3,063 2,188 2,121 1,638 1,669 1,625 1,825 (20) 14,109 659 578 542 453 381 383 472 3,468 (66) 3,402 125 41 69 26 77 29 59 426 134 35 26 28 18 29 56 326 2,417 1,042 2,374 734 1,862 1,176 1,656 11,261 3,807 15,068 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,338 2,214 2,171 1,691 1,724 1,700 1,951 (21) 14,768 751 572 523 474 369 414 522 3,625 (41) 3,584 123 44 88 27 83 32 64 461 184 28 31 23 15 25 58 364 2,388 1,019 2,343 789 1,942 1,167 1,687 11,335 3,535 14,870 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,271 2,123 2,069 1,538 1,724 1,672 1,938 (21) 14,314 747 556 464 415 357 399 527 3,465 20 3,485 111 45 92 28 89 33 64 462 147 27 23 17 16 22 45 297 2,402 1,054 2,449 756 2,067 1,196 1,721 11,645 5,135 16,780 Identifiable assets by segment are those assets that are specifically used in that segment. Corporate assets are principally cash and equivalents, investments and other general corporate assets. 74 Enterprise-wide information for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows: In millions Operating Revenue by Geographic Region: United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada/Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Europe, Middle East and Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asia Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Operating Revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 2019 2018 2017 6,507 972 7,479 3,920 2,400 310 14,109 $ $ 6,562 1,050 7,612 4,241 2,573 342 14,768 $ $ 6,243 996 7,239 4,102 2,577 396 14,314 Operating revenue by geographic region is based on the customers' locations. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 11% of its total long-lived assets in China. There was no single country outside the U.S with long-lived assets exceeding 10% of the Company's total long-lived assets in 2018. No single customer accounted for more than 5% of consolidated revenues for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) The unaudited quarterly financial data included as supplementary data reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. In millions except per share amounts Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income per share: Three Months Ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 2019 $ 3,552 2,059 839 597 2018 $ 3,744 2,181 903 652 2019 $ 3,609 2,099 871 623 2018 $ 3,831 2,231 932 666 2019 $ 3,479 2,007 868 660 2018 $ 3,613 2,096 889 638 2019 $ 3,469 2,022 824 641 2018 $ 3,580 2,096 860 607 Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.82 1.81 $ 1.92 1.90 $ 1.92 1.91 $ 1.98 1.97 $ 2.05 2.04 $ 1.91 1.90 $ 2.00 1.99 $ 1.84 1.83 75 ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of December 31, 2019. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are found in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. In connection with the evaluation by management, including the Company’s Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 were identified that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. Other Information None. 76 ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance PART III Information regarding the Directors of the Company is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information regarding the Audit Committee and its Financial Experts is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Board of Directors and Its Committees" and "Audit Committee Report" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information regarding the Executive Officers of the Company can be found in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption "Information About Our Executive Officers." Information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reports" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information regarding the Company’s code of ethics that applies to the Company’s Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, and key financial and accounting personnel is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Corporate Governance Policies and Practices" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. ITEM 11. Executive Compensation This information is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "NEO Compensation," "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Director Compensation," and "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters This information is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Ownership of ITW Stock" and "NEO Compensation - Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Ownership of ITW Stock," "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" and "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Corporate Governance Policies and Practices" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Information regarding director independence is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors - Corporate Governance Policies and Practices" and "Appendix A - Categorical Standards for Director Independence" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services This information is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Proposal 2 - Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. 77 ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) (1) Financial Statements PART IV The following information is included as part of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Statement of Income Statement of Comprehensive Income Statement of Financial Position Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity Statement of Cash Flows Notes to Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedules None. (3) Exhibits Exhibit Number 2.1(a) 2.1(b) 3(a)(i) 3(a)(ii) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 4(c) 4(d) Description Investment Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2012, among CD&R Wimbledon Holdings III, L.P., a Cayman Islands limited partnership; Illinois Tool Works Inc.; ITW DS Investments Inc., a Delaware corporation; and Wilsonart International Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 17, 2012 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. (Certain of the schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, but the Company undertakes to furnish a copy of the schedules or similar attachments to the Securities and Exchange Committee upon request.) Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 6, 2014, between Illinois Tool Works Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries and Vault Bermuda Holding Co. Ltd., filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2014. (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. (Certain of the schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, but the Company undertakes to furnish a copy of the schedules or similar attachments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request). Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Illinois Tool Works Inc., filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Illinois Tool Works Inc., filed as Exhibit 3(a)(ii) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2016 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. By-laws of Illinois Tool Works Inc., as amended and restated as of May 6, 2016, filed as Exhibit 3(b)(i) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2016 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Indenture between Illinois Tool Works Inc. and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee, dated as of November 1, 1986, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on January 15, 1999 (Commission File No. 333-70691) and incorporated herein by reference. First Supplemental Indenture between Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Harris Trust and Savings Bank, as Trustee, dated as of May 1, 1990, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on January 15, 1999 (Commission File No. 333-70691) and incorporated herein by reference. Officers’ Certificate dated August 31, 2011, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 3.375% Notes due 2021 and the 4.875% Notes due 2041, filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Officers' Certificate dated August 28, 2012, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 3.9% Notes due 2042, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 28, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. 78 Exhibit Number 4(e) 4(f) 4(g) 4(h) 4(i) 4(j) 4(k) 4(l) 4(m) 10(a)* 10(b)* 10(c)* 10(d)* 10(e)* 10(f)* 10(g)* 10(h)* 10(i)* 10(j)* 10(k)* 10(l)* Description Officers’ Certificate dated February 25, 2014, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 0.9% Notes due 2017, the 1.95% Notes due 2019, and the 3.5% Notes due 2024, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2014 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Officers’ Certificate dated May 20, 2014, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 1.75% Euro Notes due 2022 and the 3.0% Euro Notes due 2034, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2014 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Officers’ Certificate dated May 19, 2015, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 1.25% Euro Notes due 2023 and the 2.125% Euro Notes due 2030, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2015 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Officer’s Certificate dated November 7, 2016, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 2.65% Notes due 2026, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 10, 2016 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Officers’ Certificate dated June 5, 2019, establishing the terms, and setting forth the forms, of the 0.250% Notes due 2024, the 0.625% Notes due 2027 and the 1.000% Notes due 2031, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2019 (Commission File No. 001-04797) and incorporated herein by reference. Description of the Company’s common stock. Description of the 1.75% Euro Notes due 2022 and 3.00% Euro Notes due 2034. Description of the 1.25% Euro Notes due 2023 and 2.125% Euro Notes due 2030. Description of the 0.250% Euro Notes due 2024, 0.625% Euro Notes due 2027 and 1.00% Euro Notes due 2031. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2010 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan effective May 8, 2015, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2011 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 7, 2012 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2014 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2016 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2017 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of restricted stock unit terms filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2017 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of performance share unit terms filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2017 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of performance cash grant filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2017 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2019 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference Form of performance share unit terms filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2019 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference 79 Exhibit Number 10(m)* 10(n)* 10(o)* 10(p)* 10(q)* 10(r)* 10(s)* 10(t)* 10(u)* 10(v)* 10(w)* 10(x)* 10(y)* 21 23 24 31 32 Description Form of performance cash terms filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2019 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference Form of stock option terms filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2020 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of performance share unit terms filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2020 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of performance cash terms filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2020 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Form of restricted stock unit terms filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 5, 2020 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2011 Executive Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2010 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. Executive Contributory Retirement Income Plan as amended and restated, effective January 1, 2010, filed as exhibit 10 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 5, 2009 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. Nonqualified Pension Plan, effective January 1, 2008, as amended and approved by the Board of Directors on December 22, 2008, filed as Exhibit 10(p) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2011 Change-in-Control Severance Compensation Policy, filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2010 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. Amended and Restated Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan effective May 2, 2014, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 2011 Cash Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2011 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. First Amendment to the ITW Executive Contributory Retirement Income Plan dated February 15, 2013, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Five Year Credit Agreement dated as of September 27, 2019 among Illinois Tool Works Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Agent, Citibank, N.A., as Syndication Agent, and a syndicate of lenders, filed as Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2019 (Commission File No. 1-4797) and incorporated herein by reference. Subsidiaries and Affiliates of the Company. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Powers of Attorney. Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications. Section 1350 Certification. 101.INS iXBRL Instance Document** 101.SCH iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema** 101.CAL iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase** 101.DEF iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase** 101.LAB iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase** 101.PRE iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase** 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). 80 * ** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. The following financial information from Illinois Tool Works Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Statement of Income, (ii) Statement of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (iv) Statement of Financial Position, (v) Statement of Cash Flows and (vi) related Notes to Financial Statements. Pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(4)(iii), the Company has not filed with Exhibit 4 any debt instruments for which the total amount of securities authorized thereunder is less than 10% of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2019, with the exception of the Officers' Certificates related to the 3.375% Notes due 2021, the 1.75% Euro Notes due 2022, the 1.25% Euro Notes due 2023, the 3.50% Notes due 2024, 0.25% Euro Notes due 2024, the 2.65% Notes due 2026, 0.625% Euro Notes due 2027, the 2.125% Euro Notes due 2030, 1.00% Euro Notes due 2031, the 3.00% Euro Notes due 2034, the 4.875% Notes due 2041, and the 3.90% Notes due 2042, which are described as Exhibit numbers 4(c) through (i) in the Exhibit Index. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of the agreement related to the debt instruments which have not been filed with Exhibit 4 to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 81 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 14th day of February 2020. SIGNATURES ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC. By: /s/ E. SCOTT SANTI E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on this 14th day of February 2020. Signatures Title /s/ E. SCOTT SANTI E. Scott Santi Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ MICHAEL M. LARSEN Michael M. Larsen Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ RANDALL J. SCHEUNEMAN Randall J. Scheuneman Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) DANIEL J. BRUTTO SUSAN CROWN JAMES W. GRIFFITH JAY L. HENDERSON RICHARD H. LENNY JAMES A. SKINNER DAVID B. SMITH, JR. PAMELA B. STROBEL KEVIN M. WARREN ANRÉ D. WILLIAMS Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director By: /s/ E. SCOTT SANTI (E. Scott Santi, as Attorney-in-Fact) Original powers of attorney authorizing E. Scott Santi to sign the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and amendments thereto on behalf of the above-named directors of the registrant have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Exhibit 24). 82 2012 ADJUSTED INCOME PER SHARE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS - DILUTED (UNAUDITED) ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC. and SUBSIDIARIES GAAP TO NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS (UNAUDITED) As reported Decorative Surfaces net gain Decorative Surfaces equity interest Decorative Surfaces operating results As adjusted for the Decorative Surfaces business 2012 ADJUSTED AFTER-TAX RETURN ON AVERAGE INVESTED CAPITAL (UNAUDITED) Dollars in millions Operating income Adjustment for Decorative Surfaces Adjusted operating income Adjusted tax rate Income taxes Operating income after taxes Invested capital: Trade receivables Inventories Net plant and equipment Goodwill and intangible assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other, net Total invested capital Average invested capital Adjustment for Wilsonart (formerly the Decorative Surfaces segment) Adjustment for Industrial Packaging Adjusted average invested capital Adjusted after-tax return on average invested capital A reconciliation of the 2012 effective tax rate excluding the discrete tax charge is as follows: Dollars in millions As reported Discrete tax charge As adjusted ANNUAL REPORT APPENDIX Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012 4.72 1.34 (0.04) 0.21 3.21 Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,475 (143) 2,332 29.2% (681) 1,651 2,742 1,585 1,994 7,788 (2,068) 773 12,814 13,140 (274) (1,504) 11,362 14.5% 30.3% (1.1) 29.2% Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012 Income Taxes Tax Rate $ $ 973 (36) 937 ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC. and SUBSIDIARIES PROXY PEER GROUP The 2019 peer group consists of the following 17 public companies, consistent with the peer group included in the Company's Proxy statement: 3M Company Caterpillar Inc. Cummins Inc. Deere & Company Dover Corporation Eaton Corporation plc Emerson Electric Co. Fortive Corporation General Dynamics Corporation Honeywell International Inc. Ingersoll-Rand plc Johnson Controls, Inc. Parker-Hannifin Corporation PPG Industries, Inc. Raytheon Company Rockwell Automation, Inc. Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. The total shareholder return peer group average is calculated using a simple average. ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC. and SUBSIDIARIES SEGMENT PEER GROUP Automotive OEM: Enerpac Tool Group, Allison Transmission Holdings Inc., Anixter International Inc., Delphi Technologies PLC and BorgWarner Inc. Test & Measurement and Electronics: Ametek Inc, Fortive Corp, Keysight Technologies, Inc., Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Renishaw PLC, Spectris PLC and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Food Equipment: Welbilt, Inc. and Middleby Corporation Polymers & Fluids: 3M Company, DowDuPont and Huntsman Corporation Welding: Kennametal Inc., Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. and Colfax Corporation Construction Products: Carlisle, Crane Co., Ingersoll-Rand plc, Masco Corporation and Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. Specialty Products: Ball Corporation, Berry Plastics and Amcor Shareholder Information Transfer Agent and Registrar Questions regarding stock ownership, dividend payments, or change of address should be directed to the company’s transfer agent: Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. P.O. Box 1342 Brentwood, NY 11717 http://shareholder.broadridge.com/ITW Phone Toll Free: 888.829.7424 International: +1.720.399.2177 Common Stock New York Stock Exchange Symbol: ITW Trademarks Certain trademarks in this publication are owned or licensed by Illinois Tool Works Inc. or its wholly owned subsidiaries. Contact Investor Relations For additional assistance, including media inquiries: 224.661.7431 or investorrelations@itw.com Visit Us on the Web www.itw.com Committed to Social Responsibility Learn about our CSR activities and goals in our annual CSR report: www.itw-csr.com Stock and Dividend Action Effective with the October 9, 2019 payment, the quarterly cash dividend on ITW common stock was increased to $1.07 per share. ITW’s annual dividend payment has increased for more than 56 consecutive years, except during a period of government controls in 1971. The ITW Common Stock Dividend Reinvestment Plan enables registered shareholders to reinvest the ITW dividends they receive in additional shares of common stock of the company at no additional cost. Participation in the plan is voluntary, and shareholders may join or withdraw at any time. The plan also allows for additional voluntary cash investments in any amount from $100 to $10,000 per month. For a brochure and full details of the program, please direct inquiries to the company’s transfer agent, Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. Illinois Tool Works Inc. 155 Harlem Avenue Glenview, Illinois 60025 www.itw.com 

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