Image Sensing Systems, Inc.
Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

Radar Video LPR Annual Report 2014 To Our Shareholders: Last year was a transformational We are truly focused on being market year for Image Sensing Systems driven and providing solutions that Our stated goal was to exit the year (ISS), yet despite some challenges, meet the market needs. stronger than we started. We feel this we remained focused on the future of our business and remain driven 2014: A Year of Transformation is exactly what we did by aggressively realigning our business, appropriately to profitability. We are especially While we continued to make strides resizing our company and making concentrated on profitability metrics in starting to leverage our core difficult choices, all while keeping a such as product gross margins, as competencies and the many assets strong focus on our customers. This well as reducing spending on sales, we have developed, we continued makes us feel more confident about general and administrative costs. to fight economic headwinds in the the future of ISS. Our expertise, Simultaneously, we continue to global economy. We also completed commitment to customers, and strong judiciously invest in research and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act brand presence position us to capture development in all of our businesses (FCPA) investigation into matters market share and grow revenue to insure we are positioned to originating in Poland. Now that the moving forward. introduce industry-leading products investigation is behind us, without into our chosen markets. We are recommended enforcement action Traffic Management or fines, we can focus on taking In our Traffic Management market advantage of our growth opportunities segment we are focused on a and returning the company to number of key initiatives including historical profitability levels. development, the quality of our pleased with early results from our cost reduction initiatives and with our gross margin improvement. We expect to continue to improve and align operations for a more profitable future. We continue to believe that combinations of our technology solutions are a key component to providing cities the infrastructure needed to keep traffic moving. We We went through a company-wide re-organization and in the fourth quarter we decided to close our offices in Asia. Earlier in the year we had also closed our Poland facility. We also amended our agreement with Econolite to transition the domestic are encouraged by the early adoption marketing, selling and manufacturing of our recent product launch of the of the RTMS radar product line RTMS Sx-300 and CitySync Metro back to ISS. We have re-aligned software solution. The combination of our businesses so that we continue these products provides today’s traffic our shift to being customer and engineer with clarifying analytics that market centric. These actions have make data more actionable and are rejuvenated momentum and focus for products and partnerships. To support our strategic plan on making cities safer, we introduced CyclescopeTM, our bicycle differentiation and detection feature within our video detection products. Cyclescope provides the differentiation between a motorized vehicle and a bicycle approaching the intersection and can extend the green light allowing the bicyclist to cross safely. Bicycle safety is a growing concern and requirement of many cities and municipalities. key modules to creating a safe city. our company. We also introduced the latest in radar technology, the RTMS Sx-300 using our intelligent license plate to existing products ready to be microwave sensor, which provides cameras and our on-premises back deployed into the market. We are advanced vehicle detection with the office solution, CitySync Safety. Our confident that the challenges we have accuracy needed to help keep the technology will be collecting plate faced are now behind us and we are daily commute free of congestion. data at a number of key locations positioned to move forward. As we We believe that the Sx-300 is the throughout the city and feeding that have said, we are committed to being platform of the future for our radar data into our back office analytics market and customer-led and we detection products. It offers the system. CitySync Safety provides the have renewed energy and momentum best lane detection capabilities ability to quickly locate vehicles and to achieve these goals. We continue available in the market, providing the has the full analytical capability to run to leverage our core competency ability to provide up to 12 lanes of post-incident analysis and reporting. and focus on engineering our next simultaneous detection reporting of We continue to believe that better and generation of innovative products and vehicle presence as well as volume, more precise decisions can be driven solutions. occupancy, speed and classification from the data and analytics that our information. To show our customers solution offers. Last, we are focused on profitable growth worldwide and expect we are committed to providing quality products, the Sx-300 has an industry leading warranty. This solution addresses the concerns of the transportation sector by offering a radar detection solution with increased reliability and longevity. Key to our success will be our ability significant improvement in our to listen to our current and potential financial results in 2015. As stated customers in order to build on our in the past, I do truly believe that suite of products and services for we have great employees at Image the Safety Management market. We Sensing Systems. Our employees intend to provide our customers with pulled together and focused on products that are going to meet their what needed to be accomplished. In our Europe, Middle East and needs and implement solutions that They deserve the credit for our Africa (EMEA) region, we continue to solve their challenges. Our license achievements and positioning us for identify strategic partnerships to help plate recognition (LPR) technology the future. increase our footprint. We believe this strategy will position ISS as the is the fastest, most accurate engine in the world. This is the heart of market leader in that region. The our LPR technology and continues market is continuing to shift from to outperform other engines on the outmoded in-ground detection to market. We believe our solution will above-ground technologies, like our help us grow within our core markets: video and radar products. We are parking, law enforcement and continually reviewing our markets and security. partnerships, and remained focused on creating synergies. Looking Forward License Plate Recognition As we look into 2015 and beyond, we are excited about the future for In the Safety Management market, Image Sensing Systems. In 2014, we had a key project win in the Middle East at the end of the year. we laid the foundation of a solid cost plan for each business. We have This project is in the security sector, new products and improvements The ISS team is passionate about returning the company to historical profitability levels and growing shareholder value. As we continue exploring new ways to create value through innovation, the future for Image Sensing Systems is bright. We thank you for your continued support and look forward to updating you on our progress throughout the year. Sincerely, Dale Parker Interim President and Interim Chief Executive Officer (This page has been left blank intentionally.) UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark one) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ____________ to ____________ Commission file number: 0-26056 Image Sensing Systems, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Minnesota (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 500 Spruce Tree Centre, 1600 University Avenue West, St. Paul, MN (Address of principal executive offices) 41-1519168 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 55104 (Zip Code) (651) 603-7700 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Not applicable. (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Capital Market Preferred Stock Purchase Rights The NASDAQ Capital Market Title of each class Common Stock, $0.01 par value Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company.) Accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of June 30, 2014, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $11,325,392 based on the closing sale price as reported on The NASDAQ Capital Market. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s $0.01 par value common stock as of February 28, 2015 was 4,995,963 shares. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Document Parts Into Which Incorporated Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Proxy Statement) Part III TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Item 1. Business ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Item 1A. Risk Factors .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 Item 2. Properties .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Item 3. Legal Proceedings ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 PART II .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ................. 18 Item 6. Selected Financial Data ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ..................................................... 20 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk .................................................................................................... 27 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data .......................................................................................................................... 28 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ..................................................... 48 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................. 48 Item 9B. Other Information ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48 PART III .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ......................................................................................................... 49 Item 11. Executive Compensation ............................................................................................................................................................ 49 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters .................................. 49 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ........................................................................... 49 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services ..................................................................................................................................... 49 PART IV ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules .............................................................................................................................. 50 Signatures ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54 Exhibit Index ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 i PART I Item 1. Business Business Image Sensing Systems, Inc. (referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company”) develops and markets video and radar processing products for use in traffic, security, police and parking applications such as intersection control, highway, bridge and tunnel traffic management, venue security, entry control, license plate recognition and traffic data collection. We are a leading provider of software-based products and solutions for the intelligent transportation systems (“ITS”) industry and adjacent security and law enforcement markets. Our family of products, which we market as Autoscope® video (video or video products), RTMS® radar (radar or radar products) and automatic license plate recognition (“LPR”), provides end users with the tools needed to optimize traffic flow, enhance driver safety and address security/surveillance concerns. Our technology analyzes signals from sophisticated sensors and transmits the information to management systems and controllers or directly to users. Our software solutions, which we market as CitySync®, provide end users with complete solutions of our hardware and software for the law enforcement, security, transportation and parking markets. Our technology is a process in which software rather than humans examines outputs from various types of sophisticated sensors to determine what is happening in a field of view. In the ITS industry, this process is a critical component of managing congestion and traffic flow. In many cities, it is not possible to build roads, bridges and highways quickly enough to accommodate the increasing congestion levels. On average, United States commuters spend 38 hours a year stuck in traffic and congestion costs motorists $818 each in 2011 and wasted 19 gallons of fuel. We believe this growing use of vehicles will make our ITS solutions increasingly necessary to complement existing and new roadway infrastructure to manage traffic flow and optimize throughput. We believe our solutions are technically superior to those of our competitors because they have a higher level of accuracy, limit the occurrence of false detection, are generally easier to install with lower costs of ownership, work effectively in a multitude of light and weather conditions, and provide end users the ability to manage inputs from a variety of sensors for a number of tasks. It is our view that the technical advantages of our products make our solutions well suited for use in ITS as well as adjacent security and parking markets. We believe the strength of our distribution channels positions us to increase the penetration of our technology-driven solutions in the marketplace. We market our Autoscope video products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean through exclusive agreements with Econolite Control Products, Inc. (“Econolite”), which we believe is the leading distributor of ITS intersection control products in these markets. We market our Autoscope video, RTMS radar and LPR products outside of the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean through a combination of distribution and direct sales channels, including our wholly-owned subsidiaries in the United Kingdom. Our end users primarily include governmental agencies and municipalities, and, as of December 31, 2014, we had sold over 160,000 units in more than 60 countries. Industry Overview The Intelligent Transportation Systems Market. ITS encompasses a broad range of information processing and control electronics technologies that, when integrated into roadway infrastructure, help monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce congestion and enhance driver safety. The ITS market has been built around the detection of conditions that impact the proper operation of roadway infrastructure. ITS applications include a wide array of traffic management systems, such as traffic signal control, tolling and variable messaging signs. ITS technologies include video vehicle detection, inductive loop detection, sensing technologies (such as radars), floating cellular data, computational technologies and wireless communications. In traffic management applications, vehicle detection products are used for automated vehicle detection and are a primary data source upon which ITS solutions are built. Traditionally, automated vehicle detection is performed using inductive wire loops buried in the pavement. However, in-pavement loop detectors are costly to install, difficult to maintain, expensive to repair and not capable of either wide-area vehicle detection without installations of multiple loops or recognizing license plate numbers. Above-ground detection solutions for ITS offer several advantages to in-pavement loop detectors. Above-ground detection solutions tend to have a lower total cost of ownership than in-pavement loop detectors because above-ground solutions are non-destructive to road surfaces, do not require closing roadways to install or repair, and are capable of wide-area vehicle detection with a single device, thus enabling one input device to do the work of many in-pavement loops. Due to their location above-ground, these solutions have no 1 exposure to the wear and tear associated with expanding and contracting pavement and generally less exposure to the vibration and compaction caused by traffic. Furthermore, in the event of malfunction or product failure, above-ground detection solutions can be serviced and repaired without shutting down the roadway. Each of these factors results in greater up-time and increased reliability of above-ground detection solutions compared to in-pavement loop detectors. These technology solutions also offer a broader set of detection capabilities and a wider field of view than in-pavement loop detectors. In addition, a single unit video- or radar-based system can detect and measure a variety of parameters, including vehicle presence, counts, speed, length, time occupancy, headway and flow rate as well as environmental factors and obstructions to the roadway. An equivalent installation using loops would require many installations per lane. We believe our Autoscope video and RTMS radar products are competitive with and can take market share from in-pavement loop detectors. Based on our determination, the U.S. ITS above-ground detection market sales in 2014 were approximately $100 million and the worldwide ITS above-ground detection market was approximately $200 million. We believe that we are the leader in the U.S. above-ground detection market in terms of sales volume, and we estimate that U.S. sales of in-pavement loop detectors that our Autoscope video and RTMS radar products can supplant were approximately $100 million in 2014. Our CitySync solutions combine hardware and software to provide a complete offering. As part of our CitySync solutions, we have dedicated research and development time to creating our CitySync initiative called “Safe Cities,” which helps communities improve safety and efficiency. We are investing thought leadership into this initiative by investigating new ways to combine leading-edge above-ground detection technology, radar, and “Big Data” collection and analysis to give law enforcement, security, parking and traffic management professionals more precise and accurate information. With increased real-time reaction capabilities and in-depth analytics, these professionals will be able to make more confident and proactive decisions that will streamline operations and improve safety. We believe that several trends are driving the growth in ITS and adjacent market segments: Proliferation of Traffic. In many countries, there has been a surge in the number of vehicles on roadways. Due to the growth of emerging economies and elevated standards of living, more people desire and are able to afford automobiles. The number of vehicles utilizing the world’s roadway infrastructure is growing at a quicker pace than new roads, bridges and highways are being constructed. The population of the United States grew by about 22%, or 70 million, from 1990 to 2014, while highway miles have increased by approximately 4% in the same period. Overall, the growth in roadway infrastructure is failing to match the surge in the number of vehicles using it. Above-ground detection based traffic management and control systems address the problem by monitoring high traffic areas and analyzing data that can be used to mitigate traffic problems. The Demographics of Urbanization. Accelerated worldwide urbanization drives the creation and expansion of middle classes and produces heightened demand for automobiles. Currently, there are at least 400 cities in the world with over 1 million people. Because automobiles can be introduced to a metropolitan area faster than roadway infrastructure can be constructed, the result is continuously worsening traffic. Expanding the roadway infrastructure is slow and costly to implement, and often environmentally undesirable, so government agencies are increasingly turning to technology-based congestion solutions that optimize performance and throughput of existing and new roadway infrastructure. Detection is the requisite common denominator for any technology-based solution. The Melding of Large City Service Domains. Large cities require a wide range of service domains, including traffic, security/surveillance and environmental protection. These cities are increasingly turning to centralized management of these service domains, employing a command and control model that requires sharing and integrating data across service domains to operate effectively and lower total cost – so called “Safe Cities” initiatives. For example, data collected for the traffic management service domain is relevant to all of the other service domains. This means that each sensor can supply information to multiple domain services. In turn, the sharing of detection information across service domains should increase the level of sophistication required to process and interpret that information. Additionally, above-ground detection products are more capable of performing certain complicated tasks than humans. This makes the concepts of “rich sensing” and “instrumenting the city” through above-ground detection solutions cost effective, which we believe will result in the extensive proliferation of sophisticated sensors and detection devices. The non-ITS LPR Market. In addition to ITS, LPR is widely used for applications in security, police and parking, among others. We believe the sum of these world-wide markets is significant and currently is in excess of $350 million for their LPR components. We also believe the competitive landscape is fragmented, with no dominant market share for any one competitor. Parking. Both public and private parking facilities have recently undergone a significant period of automation where human attendants have been replaced by machines that control access. LPR is employed in numerous parking functions, including automatic entrance/exit, open spot locator assistance, lost vehicle location, theft avoidance and related security aspects. 2 Security. LPR is used in security applications world-wide for border crossings, airports and venues such as convention centers and sports arenas. Additionally, private industry uses LPR to help control entrances at high value locations, such as power plants. Homeland security and counter-terrorism activities benefit from LPR as part of the solution. Police. Law enforcement has adopted LPR for a variety of applications. Police may use LPR to gather information on a stopped vehicle in a faster, automated fashion. LPR can scan for vehicles of interest from a fixed position or from a moving police vehicle, looking for stolen cars or for automobiles of individuals with arrest warrants outstanding. Police also use license plate data to analyze information to get the evidence they need to apprehend and convict criminals. Solutions for Adjacent Markets. We believe that the adjacent markets of ITS, security/surveillance and parking management are converging, and that this convergence will accelerate as above-ground detection systems become more cost-effective now that a single sensor can be used for multiple purposes. Because the technologies involved are closely related, our sensor technology can be adapted to or is already capable of addressing these adjacent markets. Our Competitive Strengths We are a leading provider of software-based detection products and solutions for the ITS industry and related security and law enforcement markets. We have the following competitive strengths that we expect will continue to enhance our leadership position: Leading Proprietary Technologies. Over the last two decades, we have developed or acquired a proprietary portfolio of complex software algorithms and applications that we have continuously enhanced and refined. These algorithms, which include our advanced signal processing technologies, allow our video and radar detection and LPR products to capture and analyze objects in diverse weather and lighting conditions and to balance the accuracy of positive detection and the avoidance of false detections. Due to the strength of our proprietary technologies, we believe we command premium pricing. Above-ground detection technologies similar to ours are also difficult to develop and refine in a commercially viable manner. We therefore should be well positioned to quickly introduce next-generation products to market. Proven Ability to Develop, Enhance and Market New Products. We are continually developing and enhancing our product offerings. Over the last two decades, we have demonstrated our ability to lead the market with new products and product enhancements. For example, the Autoscope Solo system was the first fully integrated color camera, zoom lens and machine vision processor in the above- ground detection market. Electronic Integrated Systems, Inc. (“EIS”), from which we purchased our radar product line, was one of the first companies to introduce radar-based technology solutions for ITS applications, and we continue to lead the market with technology enhancements and new products, such as RTMS radar. Additionally, the CitySync system we acquired from Image Sensing Systems UK Limited (“ISS UK”), formerly known as CitySync Limited, was the first in the LPR market to capture multiple license plates in the same lane with a standard configuration. Our CitySync solution offering includes a web-based traffic management database and reporting software for providing rich data analytics in real-time. Furthermore, our radar product, RTMS Sx-300, is an example of development driven by the voice of our customers. We have developed a high quality radar detection solution with increased reliability and longevity. We have successfully collaborated with our long-term channel partners to market these products. We believe that developing, enhancing and marketing new products with our partners can translate into strong organic revenue growth and high levels of profitability. Leading Distribution Channel. We have maintained a relationship with Econolite for the exclusive manufacture and distribution of our Autoscope video products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean since 1991. We believe that Econolite is the leading distributor of ITS control products in North America and the Caribbean. This relationship enhances our ability to commercialize and market new products and allows us to focus more resources on developing advanced signal processing software algorithms. Broad Product Portfolio. Our product portfolio leverages our core software-based algorithms to enable end users to detect and monitor objects in a designated field of view. We believe that our family of Autoscope video, RTMS radar and LPR products allows us to offer a broad product portfolio that meets the needs of our end users. Additionally, our intention is to use our broad product portfolio to offer hybrid products that satisfy traffic and security/surveillance requirements. Experienced Management Team and Engineering Staff. Our management team and engineering staff are highly experienced in the ITS and software industries. Additionally, the continuity of our engineering staff should allow the uninterrupted development of new or improved products. Our Growth Strategy As part of our growth strategy, we seek to: 3 Enhance and Extend Our Technology Leadership in ITS. We believe we have established ourselves as a leading provider of technology in the ITS market segment. We believe that we continue to have an opportunity to accelerate our growth. We plan to do this by improving the accuracy and functionality of our products and opportunistically expanding our product offering into adjacent markets, as well as expanding our portfolio and channels through licensing. Having developed and introduced a hybrid product, we expect to take advantage of our technical leadership in ITS and further differentiate us from our competitors. Expand LPR Markets. We believe that the LPR market is poised for growth. Further, we believe that our financial strength, distribution channels and customer base will add to our ability to grow Autoscope LPR-related revenue. Expand into Adjacent Markets. Our core skill is the implementation of software-based above-ground detection products and solutions. Over the past two decades, we have been developing and refining our complex signal processing software algorithms. We should be able to effectively utilize our core software skills more broadly as markets, including security/surveillance and parking systems, converge. We believe that a driver of this convergence is that above-ground detection systems will become more cost-effective when a single sensor can be used for multiple purposes. As a result, our objective is to become the leading supplier of critical detection components to third party management systems, particularly those that exploit the convergence of traffic, security/surveillance and parking management systems. To do this, we are integrating this concept into our long-range engineering development road-map and will evaluate the use of technology licensing and channel strategies that support this vision. Increase the Scope of Our Distribution and Direct Sales. We have made substantial investments in product adjustments to tailor our solutions to the differing needs of our international end users and in new product acquisitions for both domestic and international markets. We have also invested in sales and marketing expansion, with a focus on our European subsidiaries. Markets in Eastern Europe, the Asia/Pacific region, the Middle East, Africa and South America, which have historically lagged North America and Western Europe in their use of above-ground detection, have recently begun to increase the adoption of detection technology in their traffic, security/surveillance and parking systems. We intend to continue to refine our product offerings through engineering development and technology licensing to take advantage of the accelerated pace of the adoption of above-ground detection throughout the developing world. Our Products and Solutions Our vehicle and traffic detection products are critical components of many ITS and adjacent security and law enforcement applications. Our Autoscope video systems and RTMS radar systems convert sensory input collected by video cameras and radar units into vehicle detection and traffic data used to operate, monitor and improve the efficiency of roadway infrastructure. Our Autoscope LPR systems use video sensors in the visible and infrared spectrums to read license or number plates for security, police and parking applications. At the core of each product line are proprietary digital signal processing algorithms and sophisticated embedded software that analyze sensory input and deliver actionable data to integrated applications. We invested approximately $5.7 million, $5.0 million and $4.1 million on research and development in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, to develop and enhance our product technology. Our digital signal processing software algorithms represent a foundation on which support for additional sensory inputs such as acoustic, chemical, smoke, weather and vibration sensors may be added in the future. A diagram displaying our fundamental product architecture is shown below. 4 5 The Image Sensing Product Architecture Autoscope Video. Our Autoscope video system processes video input from a traffic scene in real time and extracts the required traffic data, including vehicle presence, bicycle presence/differentiation, counts, speed, length, time occupancy (percent of time the detection zone is occupied), average headway (time interval between vehicles) and flow rate (vehicles per hour per lane). Autoscope supports a variety of standard video cameras or can be purchased with an integrated video camera. For intersections, the system communicates with the intersection signal controller, which changes the traffic lights based on the data provided. In highway applications, the system gathers vehicle count and flow rates and detects anomalous incidents, such as stopped vehicles. In any application, the data may also be transmitted to a traffic management center via the internet or other standard communication means and processed in real time to assist in traffic management and stored for later analysis for traffic planning purposes. The Autoscope system comes in two varieties. Autoscope Encore is our integrated unit with a color zoom camera and a machine vision processing computer contained in a compact housing that is our leading offering in the North American market. Autoscope RackVision is our card only machine vision processing computer that is located in an intersection signal controller, control hub, incident management center or traffic management center that receives video from a separate camera. The RackVision and its variants are our top selling Autoscope products in international markets. Autoscope products offer digital MPEG-4 video streaming, high speed Ethernet interface, web browser maintenance and data and video over power line communications. Autoscope Radar. Our Autoscope radar systems use radar to measure vehicle presence, volume, occupancy, speed and classification information for roadway monitoring applications. Data is transmitted to a central computer at a traffic management center via standard communication means, including wireless. Data can be processed in real time to assist in traffic management and stored for later analysis for traffic planning purposes. Autoscope radar is an integrated radar transmitter/receiver and special purpose computer contained in a compact, self-contained unit. The unit is typically situated on roadway poles and side-fired, making it especially well-suited for highway detection applications. Autoscope LPR. Our LPR systems process video information gathered from the visible and infrared spectrum to perform LPR for ITS, security, police and parking applications. Data is transmitted to other integrated systems or stored in onboard vehicle systems for later processing. Data can be processed to assist in traffic and parking management, real-time law enforcement and traffic alerts and stored for later analysis for traffic, security and commercial purposes. At the core of each Autoscope LPR system is the Autoscope Base software suite, which runs the LPR algorithms and related processes, including communications. Autoscope Base operates with both non-proprietary and proprietary cameras. We offer a range of proprietary analog, high definition and intelligent cameras for both fixed and mobile systems. CitySync. Our CitySync solutions provide the end user with a complete package including hardware and software. CitySync solutions are currently positioned around our LPR technology and platform. These solutions combine intelligent cameras with our market specific software packages that we believe offer our end users complete LPR solutions. The Rapid Plate Recognition technology 6 reads a license plate numerous times and uses multiple advanced methods for both optical character recognition and plate finding for each plate read. The speed of our solutions allows us the capability to read hundreds of plates simultaneously. We believe our CitySync solutions provide the highest accuracy for the markets we serve. We believe in the development of our CitySync solutions and will continue to grow and enhance these solutions into all of our markets. Distribution, Sales and Marketing We market and sell our products globally. As of December 31, 2014, we had supplied systems for more than 160,000 units in more than 60 countries. Together with our partners, we offer a combination of high-performance detection technology and experienced local support. Our end users primarily consist of federal, state, city and county departments of transportation, port, highway, tunnel and other transportation authorities, law enforcement agencies and parking facility operators. The decision-makers within these entities typically are traffic planners and engineers, who in turn often rely on consulting firms that perform planning and feasibility studies. Our products sometimes are sold directly to system integrators or other suppliers of systems and services who are operating under subcontracts in connection with major road construction contracts. Sales of Autoscope Video in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. We have granted Econolite an exclusive right to manufacture, market and distribute the Autoscope video system in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. The agreement with Econolite grants it a first refusal right that arises when we make a proposal to Econolite to extend the license to additional products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean and a first negotiation right that arises when we make a proposal to Econolite to include rights corresponding to Econolite’s rights under our current agreements in countries not in these territories. Econolite provides the marketing and technical support needed for its sales in these territories. Econolite pays us a royalty on the revenue derived from its sales of the Autoscope system. We cooperate in marketing Autoscope video products with Econolite for the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean and provide second-tier technical support. We have the right to terminate our agreements with Econolite if it does not meet minimum annual sales levels or if Econolite fails to make payments as required by the agreements. In 2008, the term of the original agreement with Econolite, as amended, was extended to 2031. The agreements can be terminated by either party upon three years’ notice. Sales of RTMS Radar and Autoscope LPR in North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. We market the RTMS radar and Autoscope LPR systems to a network of distributors covering countries in North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. On a limited basis, we sell directly to the end user. We provide technical support to these distributors from our various North American locations. Sales in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. We market our Autoscope video, radar and LPR lines of products to a network of distributors covering countries in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia through our wholly-owned subsidiaries that have offices in Europe and Asia. On a limited basis, we sell directly to the end user. Technical support to these distributors is provided by our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Europe, with second-tier support provided by our engineering groups. From time to time, we may grant exclusive rights to Econolite for markets outside of our significant markets for certain jurisdictions or product sales based on facts and circumstances related to the opportunities. Competition We compete with companies that develop, manufacture and sell traffic management devices using video and radar sensing technologies as well as other above-ground detection technologies based on laser, infrared and acoustic sensors. For ITS applications, we also compete with providers of in-pavement loop detectors and estimate that more than 70% of the traffic management systems currently in use in the U.S. use in-pavement loop detectors. For competition with other above-ground detection products, we typically compete on performance and functionality, and to a lesser extent on price. When competing against providers of loop detectors, we compete principally on ease of installation and the total cost of ownership over a multi-year period, and to a lesser extent on functionality. Among the companies that provide direct competition to Autoscope video worldwide are FLIR Systems, Inc., Signal Group Inc. (Semex), Iteris, Inc. and Citilog S.A. Among the companies that provide direct competition to RTMS radar worldwide are Wavetronix, LLC, MS Sedco Inc., Smartmicro Sensors GmbH and Xtralis, LLC. Among the companies that provide direct competition to Autoscope LPR worldwide are 3M Company, Perceptics LLC, Genetec Inc., Vigilant Solutions and Elsag Datamat S.p.A. All of these companies have working installations of their systems in the U.S. and other parts of the world. To our knowledge, Autoscope video and RTMS radar have the largest number of installations as compared to their direct competitors. In addition, there are smaller local companies providing direct competition in specific markets throughout the world. We are aware that these and other companies will continue to develop technologies for use in traffic management, security, police and parking applications. One or more of these technologies could in the future provide increased competition for our systems. Other potential competitors of which we are aware include Siemens AG, Cognex Corp., Augusta Technologie AG, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (Panasonic), Sumitomo Corporation and Omron Electronics LLC. These companies have machine vision or radar 7 capabilities and have substantially more financial, technological, marketing, personnel and research and development resources than we have. Manufacturing Autoscope video products for sale under the Econolite license agreement are manufactured through agreements with Econolite and Wireless Technology, Inc. Econolite is responsible for setting warranty terms and must provide all service required under this warranty. In Europe and Asia, we engage contract manufacturers to manufacture the Autoscope family of products. Until January 2012, we engaged contract manufacturers to produce subassemblies for our radar products based on our designs. These subassemblies were then shipped to our facilities in Toronto, where we performed final assembly, testing and calibration and packaging of finished units for shipment. We also performed warranty and post-warranty repairs of radar units in Toronto. Beginning in July 2014, we engaged Wireless Technology, Inc. to manufacture our radar products and perform warranty and post-warranty repairs of radar units. Autoscope LPR products are manufactured through contract manufacturers in the United Kingdom and the United States. We typically provide a two-year warranty on our products. Most of the hardware components used to manufacture our products are standard electronics components that are available from multiple sources. Although some of the components used in our products are obtained from single-source suppliers, we believe other component vendors are available should the necessity arise. The European Parliament has enacted a directive for the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (“RoHS”). To our knowledge, our contract manufacturing and component vendors in Europe and Asia comply with the European directive on RoHS. Intellectual Property To protect our rights to our proprietary know-how, technology and other intellectual property, it is our policy to require all employees and consultants to sign confidentiality agreements that prohibit the disclosure of confidential information to any third parties. These agreements also require disclosure and assignment to us of any discoveries and inventions made by employees and consultants while they are devoted to our business activities. We also rely on trade secret, copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property. We have also entered into exclusive and non-exclusive license and confidentiality agreements relating to our own and third-party technologies. We aggressively protect our processes, products, and strategies as proprietary trade secrets. Our efforts to protect intellectual property and avoid disputes over proprietary rights include ongoing review of third-party patents and patent applications. Environmental Matters We believe our operations are in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations within the jurisdictions in which we operate. Employees As of December 31, 2014, we had 109 employees, consisting of 67 employees in North America, 35 employees in Europe and 7 employees in Asia. None of our employees are represented by a union. Item 1A. Risk Factors Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events and can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believes,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “anticipates” or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Some factors that might cause these differences include the factors listed below. Although we have attempted to list these factors comprehensively, we wish to caution investors that other factors may prove to be important in the future and may affect our operating results. New factors may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all of these factors, nor can we assess the effect each factor or combination of factors may have on our business. 8 We further caution you not to unduly rely on any forward-looking statements because they reflect our views only as of the date the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. If governmental entities elect not to use our products due to budgetary constraints, project delays or other reasons, our revenue may fluctuate severely or be substantially diminished. Our products are sold primarily to governmental entities. We expect that we will continue to rely substantially on revenue and royalties from sales of our systems to governmental entities. In addition to normal business risks, it often takes considerable time before governmental initiated projects are developed to the point at which a purchase of our systems would be made, and a purchase of our products also may be subject to a time-consuming approval process. Additionally, governmental budgets and plans may change without warning. Other risks of selling to governmental entities include dependence on appropriations and administrative allocation of funds, changes in governmental procurement legislation and regulations and other policies that may reflect political developments, significant changes in contract scheduling, competitive bidding and qualification requirements, performance bond requirements, intense competition for government business and termination of purchase decisions for the convenience of the governmental entity. Substantial delays in purchase decisions by governmental entities, or governmental budgetary constraints, could cause our revenue and income to drop substantially or to fluctuate significantly between fiscal periods. A majority of our gross profit has been generated from sales of our Autoscope family of products, and if we do not maintain the market for these products, our business will be harmed. Historically, a majority of our gross profit has been generated from sales of, or royalties from the sales of, Autoscope products. Gross profit from Autoscope sales accounted for approximately 67% of our gross profit in 2014, 71% in 2013 and 77% in 2012. We anticipate that gross profit from the sale of Autoscope systems will continue to account for a substantial portion of our gross profit for the foreseeable future. As such, any significant decline in sales of our Autoscope system would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If Econolite’s sales volume decreases or if it fails to pay royalties to us in a timely manner or at all, our financial results will suffer. We have agreements with Econolite under which Econolite is the exclusive distributor of the Autoscope® video system in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. From July 24, 2012 until July 14, 2014, our Autoscope® radar products were sold by Econolite in these geographic areas under the same arrangement. Our current agreements grant Econolite a first refusal right that arises when we make a proposal to Econolite to extend the license to additional products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. In addition, the agreements grant Econolite a first negotiation right that arises when we make a proposal to Econolite to include rights corresponding to Econolite’s rights under our current agreements in countries not in these territories. In exchange for its rights under the agreements, Econolite pays us royalties for sales of the Autoscope® video system and, from July 24, 2012 until July 14, 2014, the Autoscope® radar products. Since 2002, a substantial portion of our revenue has consisted of royalties resulting from sales made by Econolite, including 44% in 2014, 44% in 2013 and 50% in 2012. Econolite’s account receivable represented 32% of our accounts receivable at December 31, 2014 and 26% of our accounts receivable at December 31, 2013. We expect that Econolite will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Any decrease in Econolite’s sales volume could significantly reduce our royalty revenue and adversely impact earnings. A failure by Econolite to make royalty payments to us in a timely manner or at all will harm our financial condition. In addition, we believe sales of our products are a material part of Econolite’s business, and any significant decrease in Econolite’s sales of the other products it sells could harm Econolite, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. As a result of our continuing review of our business, we may have to undertake further restructuring plans that would require additional charges, including incurring facility exit and restructuring charges. We continue to evaluate our business, which may result in restructuring activities. We may choose to divest certain business operations based on management's assessment of their strategic value to our business, consolidate or close certain facilities or outsource certain functions. Decisions to eliminate or limit certain business operations in the future could involve the expenditure of capital, consumption of management resources, realization of losses, transition and wind-up expenses, reduction in workforce, impairment of assets, facility consolidation and the elimination of revenues along with associated costs, any of which could cause our operating results to decline and may fail to yield the expected benefits. The features and functions in our products have not been as widely utilized as traditional products offered by our competitors, and the failure of our end users to accept the features and functions in our products could adversely affect our business and growth prospects. Video and radar technologies have not been utilized in the traffic management industry as extensively as other more traditional technologies, mainly in-pavement loop detectors. Our financial success and growth prospects depend on the continued development of 9 the market for advanced technology solutions for traffic detection and management and the acceptance of our current Autoscope® video, Autoscope® radar and LPR systems and also future systems we may develop as reliable, cost-effective alternatives to traditional vehicle detection systems. We cannot assure you that we will be able to utilize our technology profitably in other products or markets. If our end users do not continue to increase their acceptance of the features and functions provided by our current systems or other systems we may develop in the future, our business and growth prospects could be adversely affected. Existing and future laws, ordinances and regulations and constitutional provisions protecting privacy rights could negatively affect the acceptance and sale of our video and LPR products and systems and have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The use of video and LPR products and systems has been challenged, limited and banned under existing laws, ordinances and regulations and constitutional provisions protecting privacy rights. In addition, governments and governmental agencies have stopped or suspended their use of LPR systems. For example, Maine, New Jersey and Virginia have laws limiting the use of LPR systems; New Hampshire bans their use; legislation has been proposed in many states, including Minnesota, limiting their use or the use of data collected by LPR systems; and the Boston Police Department has indefinitely halted its use of LPR systems. In addition, laws, ordinances, regulations and constitutional provisions may be adopted in the future to limit the use of video and LPR products and systems. These existing and new laws, ordinances, regulations and constitutional provisions could negatively affect the acceptance and sale of our video and LPR products and systems and thus have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our operating costs tend to be fixed, while our revenue tends to be seasonal, thereby resulting in operating results that fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Our expense levels are based in part on our product development efforts and our expectations regarding future revenues and, in the short-term, are generally fixed. Our quarterly revenues, however, have varied significantly in the past, with our first quarter historically being the weakest due to weather conditions in parts of North America, Europe and Asia that make roadway construction more difficult. Additionally, our international revenues have a significant large project component, resulting in a varying revenue stream. We expect the seasonality of our revenue and the fixed nature of our operating costs to continue in the foreseeable future. Therefore, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall. As a result, if anticipated revenues in any quarter do not occur or are delayed, our operating results for the quarter would be disproportionately affected. Operating results also may fluctuate due to factors such as the demand for our products; product life cycle; the development, introduction and acceptance of new products and product enhancements by us or our competitors; changes in the mix of distribution channels through which our products are offered; changes in the level of operating expenses; end user order deferrals in anticipation of new products; competitive conditions in the industry; and economic conditions generally. No assurance can be given that we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Increased competition may make it difficult for us to acquire and retain end users. If we are unsuccessful in developing new applications and product enhancements, our products may become noncompetitive or obsolete. Competition in the areas of ITS, security and parking management is continuing to grow. Some of the companies that may compete with us in the business of developing and implementing traffic control and related security systems have substantially more financial, technological, marketing, personnel and research and development resources than we have. Therefore, they may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or end user requirements. If we are unable to compete successfully with these companies, the market share for our products will decrease, and competitive pressures may seriously harm our business. Additionally, the market for vehicle detection and LPR is continuously seeking more advanced technological solutions to problems. Technologies such as embedded loop detectors, pressure plates, pneumatic tubes, radars, lasers, magnetometers, acoustics and microwaves that have been used as traffic sensing devices in the past are being enhanced for use in the traffic management industry, and new technologies may be developed. We are aware of several companies that are developing traffic management devices using machine vision technology or other advanced technology. Floating vehicle and/or radio frequency identification (RFID) tagged license plate initiatives are under consideration and may be implemented. We expect to face increasingly competitive product developments, applications and enhancements. New technologies or applications in traffic control systems from other companies or the development of new and emerging technologies and applications, including vehicle-to-vehicle (VTV) communications, mobile applications, and new algorithms or sensor technologies, may provide our end users with alternatives to our products and could render our solutions noncompetitive or obsolete. If we are unable to increase the number of our applications and develop and commercialize product enhancements and applications in a timely and cost-effective manner that respond to changing technology and satisfy the needs of our end users, our business and financial results will suffer. 10 We may not achieve our growth plans for the expansion of our business. In addition to market penetration, our long-term success depends on our ability to expand our business through new product development, mergers and acquisitions, and/or geographic expansion. New product development requires that we maintain our ability to improve existing products, continue to bring innovative products to market in a timely fashion, and adapt products to the needs and standards of current and potential customers. Our products and services may become less competitive or eclipsed by technologies to which we do not have access or which render our solutions obsolete. Geographic expansion will be primarily outside of the U.S. and hence will be disproportionately subject to the risks of international operations discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Mergers and acquisitions will be accompanied by risks which may include: failure to achieve the financial and strategic goals for the acquired and combined businesses; ● difficulties identifying suitable acquisition candidates at acceptable costs; ● unavailability of capital to conduct acquisitions; ● ● difficulty assimilating the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses; ● disruption of ongoing business and distraction of management from the ongoing business; ● dilution of existing shareholders and earnings per share; ● unanticipated, undisclosed or inaccurately assessed liabilities, legal risks and costs; and ● difficulties retaining our key vendors, customers or employees or those of the acquired business. In addition, acquisitions of businesses having a significant presence outside the U.S. will increase our exposure to the risks of international operations discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our dependence on third parties for manufacturing and marketing our products may prevent us from meeting customers’ needs in a timely manner. We do not have, and do not intend to develop in the near future, internal capabilities to manufacture our products. We have entered into agreements with Econolite and Wireless Technology, Inc. (“WTI”) to manufacture the Autoscope system, the Autoscope® radar products and related products for sales in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. We have arrangements with Hansatech EMS Limited (“Hansatech”) in the United Kingdom to manufacture our LPR systems. We work with suppliers, most of whom are overseas, to manufacture the rest of our products. We also need to comply with the European Union’s regulatory RoHS directive restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. If Econolite, WTI, Hansatech or our other suppliers are unable to manufacture our products in the future, we may be unable to identify other manufacturers able to meet product and quality demands in a timely manner or at all. Our inability to find suitable manufacturers for our products could result in delays or reductions in product shipments, which in turn may harm our business reputation and results of operations. In addition, we have granted Econolite the exclusive right to market the Autoscope® video system and related products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. Consequently, our revenue depends to a significant extent on Econolite’s marketing efforts. Econolite’s inability to effectively market the Autoscope® video system, or the disruption or termination of that relationship could result in reduced revenue and market share for our products. We and our third party manufacturers obtain some of the components of our products from a single source, and an interruption in the supply of those components may prevent us from meeting customers’ needs in a timely manner and could therefore reduce our sales. Although substantially all of the hardware components incorporated into our products are standard electronics components that are available from multiple sources, we and our third party manufacturers obtain some of the components from a single source. The loss or interruption of any of these supply sources could force us or our manufacturers to identify new suppliers, which could increase our costs, reduce our sales and profitability, or harm our customer relations by delaying product deliveries. Regulations related to the use of conflict-free minerals may increase our costs and cause us to incur additional expenses. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve the transparency and accountability of the use by public companies in their products of minerals mined in certain countries and to prevent the sourcing of such “conflict” minerals. As a result, the Securities and Exchange Commission enacted annual disclosure and reporting requirements for public companies who use these minerals in their products, which apply to us. Under the final rules, we are required to conduct due diligence to determine the source of any conflict minerals used in our products. We filed our first conflict minerals report on Form SD with the Securities and Exchange Commission May 29, 2014, and we are required to file our next conflict minerals report on or before June 1, 11 2015. Although we expect to file the required report on a timely basis, our supply chain is broad-based and complex, and we may not be able to easily verify the origins for all minerals used in our products. To the extent that any information furnished to us by our suppliers is inaccurate or inadequate, we could face reputational and enforcement risks. In addition, the conflict mineral rules could reduce the number of suppliers who provide components and products containing conflict-free minerals and thus could disrupt our supply chain or that of our manufacturers and increase the cost of the components used in manufacturing our products and the costs of our products to us. Any increased costs and expenses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Some of our products are covered by our warranties and, if the cost of fulfilling these warranties exceeds our warranty allowance, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Unanticipated warranty and other costs for defective products could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and our reputation. We generally provide a two-year warranty on our product sales. These warranties require us to repair or replace faulty products, among other customary warranty provisions. Although we monitor our warranty claims and provide an allowance for estimated warranty costs, unanticipated claims in excess of the allowance could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, we rely on our third party manufacturers to fulfill our warranty repair obligations to our customers. Adverse changes in these parties’ abilities to perform these repairs could cause a delay in repairs or require us to source other parties to perform the repairs and could adversely affect impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the need to repair or replace products with design or manufacturing defects could adversely affect our reputation. We may face increased competition if we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, and any efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may result in costly litigation. Our success depends in large measure on the protection of our proprietary technology rights. We rely on trade secret, copyright and trademark laws, confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, and patents, all of which offer only limited protection. We cannot assure you that the scope of these protective measures will exclude competitors or provide a competitive advantages to us. We also cannot assure you that we will become aware of all instances in which others develop similar products, duplicate any of our products, or reverse engineer or misappropriate our proprietary technology. If our proprietary technology is misappropriated, our business and financial results could be adversely affected. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. In addition, we may be the subject of lawsuits by others who claim we violate their intellectual property rights. Intellectual property litigation is very costly and could result in substantial expense and diversions of our resources, either of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition and results of operations. In addition, there may be no effective legal recourse against infringement of our intellectual property by third parties, whether due to limitations on enforcement of rights in foreign jurisdictions or as a result of other factors. We have not applied for patent protection in all countries in which we market and sell our products. Consequently, our proprietary rights in the technology underlying our systems in countries other than the U.S. will be protected only to the extent that trade secret, copyright or other non-patent protection is available and to the extent we are able to enforce our rights. The laws of other countries in which we market our products may afford little or no effective protection of our proprietary technology, which could harm our business. We plan to continue introducing new products and technologies and may not realize the degree or timing of benefits we initially anticipated, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We regularly invest substantial amounts in research and development efforts that pursue advancements in a range of technologies, products and services. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of these advancements depends on a variety of factors, including meeting development, production, certification and regulatory approval schedules; the execution of internal and external performance plans; the availability of supplier-produced parts and materials; the performance of suppliers and vendors; achieving cost efficiencies; the validation of innovative technologies; and the level of end user interest in new technologies and products. These factors involve significant risks and uncertainties. We may encounter difficulties in developing and producing these new products and may not realize the degree or timing of benefits initially anticipated. In particular, we cannot predict with certainty whether, when or in what quantities our current or potential end users will have a demand for products currently in development or pending release. Moreover, as new products are announced, sales of current products may decrease as end users delay making purchases until such new products are available. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Our business could be adversely affected by product liability and commercial litigation. Our products or services may be claimed to cause or contribute to personal injury or property damage to our customers’ employees or facilities. Additionally, we are, at times, involved in commercial disputes with third parties, such as customers, distributors, vendors 12 and others. The ensuing claims may arise singularly, in groups of related claims, or in class actions involving multiple claimants. Such claims and litigation are frequently expensive and time-consuming to resolve and may result in substantial liability to us, which liability and related costs and expenses may not be recoverable through insurance or any other forms of reimbursement. Our business could be affected by various legal and regulatory compliance risks, including those involving antitrust, environmental, anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws and regulations. We are subject to various legal and regulatory requirements and risks in the U.S. and other countries in which we have facilities or sell our products involving compliance with antitrust, environmental, anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act. Although we have internal policies and procedures with the intention of assuring compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors, agents and licensees involved in our international sales may take actions in violation of such policies. For more information, see the discussion in Note 15 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any future adverse development, ruling or settlement could result in charges that could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows. We price certain of our products at a premium compared to other technologies. As such, we may not be able to quickly respond to emerging low-cost competitors, and our inability to do so could adversely affect revenue and profitability. We price certain of our products at a premium as compared to products using less sophisticated technologies. As the technological sophistication of our competitors and the size of the market increase, competing low-cost developers of machine vision products for traffic are likely to emerge and grow stronger. If end users prefer low-cost alternatives over our products, our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. Our revenue could be adversely affected by the emergence of local competitors and local biases in international markets. Our experience indicates that local officials that purchase traffic management products in the international markets we serve favor products that are developed and manufactured locally. As local competitors to our products emerge, local biases could erode our revenue in Europe and Asia and adversely affect our sales and revenue in those markets. Our failure to predict technological convergence could harm our business and could reduce our sales. Within our product families, we currently utilize only certain detection technologies available in the ITS field. If we fail to predict convergence of technology preferences in the market for ITS, or fail to identify and acquire complementary businesses or products that broaden our current product offerings, we may not capture certain segments of the market, which could harm our business and reduce our sales. We sell our products internationally and are subject to various risks relating to such international activities, which could harm our international sales and profitability. Sales outside of the United States, including export sales from our U.S. business locations, accounted for approximately 42% of our total revenue in 2014. By doing business in international markets, we are exposed to risks separate and distinct from those we face in our U.S. operations. Our international business may be adversely affected by changing political and economic conditions in foreign countries. Additionally, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could affect demand for our products or otherwise negatively affect profitability. Engaging in international business inherently involves a number of other difficulties and risks, including: • • • • • • • export restrictions and controls relating to technology; pricing pressure that we may experience internationally; exposure to the risk of currency value fluctuations, where payment for products is denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars; variability in the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency-denominated assets, earnings and cash flows; required compliance with existing and new foreign regulatory requirements and laws; laws and business practices favoring local companies; longer payment cycles; 13 • • • • • • • difficulty of enforcing agreements, including patent and trademarks, and collecting receivables through foreign legal systems; disputes with parties outside of the U.S., which may be more difficult, expensive and time-consuming to resolve than disputes with parties located in the U.S.; political and economic instability, including volatility in the economic environment of the European Union caused by the ongoing sovereign debt crisis in Europe; tax rates in certain foreign countries that exceed those in the U.S. and the imposition of withholding requirements on foreign earnings; higher danger of terrorist activity, war or civil unrest compared to domestic operations; difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations; and difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights. Our exposure to each of these risks may increase our costs, lengthen our sales cycle and require significant management attention. One or more of these factors may harm our business. Our inability to comply with European and Asian regulatory restrictions over hazardous substances and electronic waste could restrict product sales in those markets and reduce profitability in the future. The European Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) directive makes producers of electrical goods financially responsible for specified collection, recycling, treatment and disposal of past and future covered products. This directive must be enacted and implemented by individual European Union governments, and certain producers will be financially responsible under the WEEE legislation. This may impose requirements on us, which, if we are unable to meet them, could adversely affect our ability to market our products in European Union countries, and our sales revenues and profitability would suffer as a consequence. In addition, the European Parliament has enacted a directive for the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. This RoHS legislation restricts the use of such substances as mercury, lead, cadmium and hexavalent cadmium. If we are unable to have our products manufactured in compliance with the RoHS directive, we would be unable to market our products in European Union countries, and our revenues and profitability would suffer. In addition, various Asian governments could adopt their own versions of environment-friendly electronic regulations similar to the European directives, RoHS and WEEE. This could require new and unanticipated manufacturing changes, product testing and certification requirements, thereby increasing cost, delaying sales and lowering revenue and profitability. Our inability to manage growth effectively could seriously harm our business. Growth and expansion of our business could significantly strain our capital resources as well as the time and abilities of our management personnel. Our ability to manage growth effectively will require continued improvement of our operational, financial and management systems and the successful training, motivation and management of our employees. If we are unable to manage growth successfully, our business and operating results will suffer. Our business operations will be severely disrupted if we lose key personnel or if we fail to attract and retain qualified personnel. Our technology depends upon the knowledge, experience and skills of our key management and scientific and technical personnel. Additionally, our ability to continue technological developments and to market our products, and thereby develop a competitive edge in the marketplace, depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific and technical personnel. Competition for qualified personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain the individuals we need, especially if our business expands and requires us to employ additional personnel. In addition, the loss of personnel or our failure to hire additional personnel could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and ability to expand. The loss of key personnel, or our inability to hire and retain qualified personnel, would harm our business. We may not be successful in integrating acquired companies into our business, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Part of our business strategy has been to acquire or invest in companies, products or technologies that complement our current products, enhance our market coverage or technical capabilities or offer growth opportunities. For any acquisition, a significant amount of management’s time and financial resources may be required to complete the acquisition and integrate the acquired business 14 into our existing operations. Even with this investment of management time and financial resources, an acquisition may not produce the revenue, earnings or business synergies anticipated. Acquisitions involve numerous other risks, including the assumption of unanticipated operating problems or legal liabilities; problems integrating the purchased operations, technologies or products; the diversion of management’s attention from our core businesses; restrictions on the manner in which we may use purchased companies or assets imposed by acquisition agreements; adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; incorrect estimates made in the accounting for acquisitions and amortization of acquired intangible assets that would reduce future reported earnings (such as goodwill impairments); ensuring acquired companies’ compliance with the requirements of the U.S. federal securities laws and accounting rules; and the potential loss of customers or key employees of acquired businesses. We cannot assure you that any acquisitions, investments, strategic alliances or joint ventures will be completed or integrated in a timely manner or achieve anticipated synergies, will be structured or financed in a way that will enhance our business or creditworthiness, or will meet our strategic objectives or otherwise be successful. We may be required to recognize impairment charges for long-lived assets. As of December 31, 2014, the net carrying value of long-lived assets (property and equipment, deferred tax assets and other intangible assets) totaled approximately $4.9 million. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we periodically assess these assets to determine if they are impaired. Significant negative industry or economic trends, a significant and sustained decline in our stock price, disruptions to our businesses, significant unexpected or planned changes in our use of assets, divestitures and market capitalization declines may result in impairments to our goodwill and other long-lived assets. Future impairment charges could significantly affect our results of operations in the periods recognized. Our stock is thinly traded and our stock price is volatile. Our common stock is thinly traded, with 4,513,436 shares of our 4,995,963 outstanding shares held by non-affiliates as of February 28, 2015. Based on the trading history of our common stock and the nature of the market for publicly traded securities of companies in evolving high-tech industries, we believe there are several factors that have caused and are likely to continue to cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially. The fluctuations may occur on a day-to-day basis or over a longer period of time. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our stock price include announcements of large orders obtained by us or our competitors, substantial cutbacks in government funding of highway projects or of the potential availability of alternative technologies for use in traffic control and safety, quarterly fluctuations in our financial results or the financial results of our competitors, consolidation among our competitors, fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes, and the volatility of the stock market. Difficult and volatile conditions in the capital, credit and commodities markets and in the overall economy could continue to adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, and we do not know if these conditions will improve in the near future. Our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could continue to be adversely affected by difficult conditions and significant volatility in the capital, credit and commodities markets and in the overall worldwide economy. Although certain economic conditions in the United States have improved, economic growth has been slow and uneven and may not be sustained. During economic downturns, governmental entities in particular, which constitute most of our end users, reduce or delay their purchase of our products, which has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business. Any uncertainty about the federal budget in the U.S. could have a negative effect on the U.S. and global economy. The continuing impact that these factors might have on us and our business is uncertain and cannot be estimated at this time. Current economic conditions have accentuated each of these risks and magnified their potential effect on us and our business. The difficult conditions in these markets and the overall economy affect our business in a number of ways. For example: • Although we believe we have sufficient liquidity under our financing arrangements to run our business, under extreme market conditions, there can be no assurance that such funds would be available or sufficient, and, in such a case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. • Continuing market volatility has exerted downward pressure on our stock price, which could make it more difficult or unfavorable for us to raise additional capital in the future. • Economic conditions could result in customers in our markets continuing to experience financial difficulties, including limited liquidity and their inability to obtain financing or electing to limit spending because of the economy which may result, for example, in customers’ inability to pay us at all or on a timely basis and in declining tax revenue for our customers that are governmental entities, which in turn could result in decreased sales and earnings for us. We do not know if market conditions or the state of the overall economy will improve in the near future, when improvement will occur or if any improvement will benefit our market segment. 15 Our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Minnesota law may inhibit a takeover that shareholders consider favorable. Provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and applicable provisions of Minnesota law may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our management, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares or transactions that our shareholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. These provisions: • • • • permit our board of directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with any rights, preferences and privileges as it may designate, including the right to approve an acquisition or other change in our control; provide that the authorized number of directors may be increased by resolution of the board of directors; provide that all vacancies, including newly-created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum; and eliminate cumulative voting rights, therefore allowing the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors to elect all of the directors standing for election, if they should so choose. Section 302A.671 of the Minnesota Business Corporation Act (“MBCA”) generally limits the voting rights of a shareholder acquiring a substantial percentage of our voting shares in an attempted takeover or otherwise becoming a substantial shareholder of our company unless holders of a majority of the voting power of all outstanding shares and the disinterested shares approve full voting rights for the substantial shareholder. Section 302A.673 of the MBCA generally limits our ability to engage in any business combination with certain persons who own 10% or more of our outstanding voting stock or any of our associates or affiliates who at any time in the past four years have owned 10% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These provisions of the MBCA may have the effect of entrenching our management team and may deprive shareholders of the opportunity to sell their shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock. In addition, in June 2013, we adopted a shareholder rights plan and declared a dividend to our shareholders of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of common stock. Generally, the shareholder rights plan provides that if a person or group acquires 20% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock, subject to certain exceptions and under certain circumstances, the rights may be exchanged by us for common stock or the holders of the rights, other than the acquiring person or group, could acquire additional shares of our capital stock at a discount of the then current market price. Such exchanges or exercise of rights could cause substantial dilution to a particular acquirer and discourage the acquirer from pursuing our company. The mere existence of a shareholder rights plan often delays or makes a merger, tender offer or other acquisition more difficult to complete. We can issue shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval, which could adversely affect the rights of common shareholders. Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to establish the rights, privileges, preferences and restrictions, including voting rights, of future series of our preferred stock and to issue such stock without approval from our shareholders. The rights of holders of our common stock may suffer as a result of the rights granted to holders of preferred stock that may be issued in the future. In addition, we could issue preferred stock to prevent a change in control of our company, depriving common shareholders of an opportunity to sell their stock at a price in excess of the prevailing market price. We do not intend to declare cash dividends on our stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business and, therefore, do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any payment of cash dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our operating results, earnings, current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, any contractual restrictions and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Therefore, shareholders should not expect to receive dividend income from shares of our common stock. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. 16 Item 2. Properties We currently lease and occupy approximately 26,775 square feet in St. Paul, Minnesota for our headquarters. In February 2014, we entered into an amendment to the lease for our headquarters which expanded the leased space from approximately 20,000 square feet to approximately 26,775 square feet, extended the term of the lease to July 2020, and gave us the right to further extend the term of the lease for one additional five-year term. In November 2014 our office in suburban north London, United Kingdom moved to a new leased facility, which occupies approximately 6,400 square feet. The term of this lease is to November 2024. We also lease smaller facilities in Canada, Hong Kong, China, Germany, Spain and Romania. We believe that our current space is generally adequate to meet our current expected needs, and we do not intend to lease significantly more space in 2015. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are involved in legal actions and claims relating to various matters. Although we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these legal actions and claims, it is the opinion of management that the disposition of these matters, taken as a whole, will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 17 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ISNS.” The quarterly high and low sales prices for our common stock for our last two fiscal years are set forth below. Quarter First Second Third Fourth Shareholders 2014 2013 High Low High Low $ 5.99 5.37 9.94 4.13 $ 4.74 3.16 2.10 1.89 $ 6.00 7.70 8.28 7.39 $ 4.29 4.62 6.50 4.78 As of February 28, 2015, there were 19 holders of record of our common stock. The number of holders of record is based upon the actual number of holders registered at such date and does not include holders of shares in “street names” or persons, partnerships, associates, corporations, or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depositories. Dividends We have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock. We currently intend to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business, and, consequently, we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Debt Covenants Our credit agreement includes certain financial covenants, including minimum debt service ratios, minimum cash flow coverage ratios, and other financial measures. These financial covenants may restrict our ability to pay dividends and purchase outstanding shares of common stock. At December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with these financial covenants. Information on our debt agreements is included in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 18 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data for each of the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2014. The statement of income and balance sheet data for the years ended and as of December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The following information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenue: Product sales Royalties Cost of revenue: Product sales Restructuring Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling, marketing and product support General and administrative Research and development Amortization of intangible assets Impairment Restructuring Investigation matter Goodwill impairment Acquisition related expenses (income) Income (loss) from operations Other income (expense), net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share: Basic Diluted Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Total assets Total shareholders' equity 2014 2011 2012 2013 (in thousands, except per share data) 2010 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 12,806 10,247 23,053 8,041 — 8,041 15,012 9,543 6,185 5,734 1,558 1,017 770 152 — — 24,959 (9,947) 70 (9,877) (174) (9,703) (1.95) (1.95) 4,983 4,983 $ $ $ $ 14,692 11,598 26,290 9,889 — 9,889 16,401 11,768 6,290 5,036 1,554 — — 3,723 — — 28,371 (11,970) 6 (11,964) 3,937 (15,901) (3.21) (3.21) 4,955 4,955 $ $ $ $ 12,564 12,399 24,963 6,706 — 6,706 18,257 7,289 5,167 4,135 1,622 — 430 — 3,175 — 21,818 (3,561) 29 (3,532) (180) (3,352) (0.69) (0.69) 4,886 4,886 $ $ $ $ 17,475 13,046 30,521 8,769 448 9,217 21,304 10,609 6,315 4,424 — 1,650 287 — 11,685 (618) 34,352 (13,048) 9 (13,039) (3,022) (10,017) (2.07) (2.07) 4,834 4,834 19,162 12,519 31,681 7,799 — 7,799 23,882 9,807 4,372 3,630 — 1,218 — — — 817 19,844 4,038 (123) 3,915 910 3,005 0.66 0.64 4,555 4,667 $ 14,890 8,320 24,385 18,514 $ 38,536 33,980 $ $ 41,254 36,326 54,356 46,021 19 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Selected Financial Data and our financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements included in this discussion as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. General. We provide software based computer enabled detection (“CED”) products and solutions that use advanced signal processing software algorithms to detect and monitor objects in a designated field of view. Our technology analyzes signals from a sophisticated sensor and passes the information along to management systems, controllers or directly to users. Our core products, the Autoscope® Video Vehicle Detection System, Autoscope® Radar Detection System and Autoscope® License Plate Recognition (“LPR”) System, operate using our proprietary application software in conjunction with video cameras or radar and commonly available electronic components. Our systems are used by traffic managers primarily to improve the flow of vehicle traffic and to enhance safety at intersections, main thoroughfares, freeways and tunnels and by parking and toll managers and law enforcement officials to read license plates for various safety, security, access and enforcement LPR applications. Autoscope® video systems are sold to distributors and end users of traffic management products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean by Econolite Control Products, Inc. (“Econolite”), our exclusive licensee in these regions. We sell LPR systems to distributors and end users in the United States, Canada and Mexico. We sell all of our systems to distributors and end users in Europe and Asia through our subsidiaries. The majority of our sales are to end users that are funded by government agencies responsible for traffic management or traffic law enforcement. Autoscope® Radar Business Model Change. From July 24, 2012 until July 14, 2014, our Autoscope® radar systems also were sold by Econolite in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean under the same arrangement as Econolite sold our Autoscope® video systems. Effective July 14, 2014, the marketing, manufacturing and distribution of the Autoscope® radar product line in these regions transitioned from Econolite to the Company. Trends and Challenges in Our Business We believe the expected growth in our business can be attributed primarily to the following global trends: • worsening traffic caused by increased numbers of vehicles in metropolitan areas without corresponding expansions of road infrastructure and the need to automate safety, security and access applications for automobiles and trucks, which has increased demand for our products; • • advances in information technology, which have made our products easier to market and implement; the continued funding allocations for centralized traffic management services and automated enforcement schemes, which have increased the ability of our primary end users to implement our products; and • general increases in the cost-effectiveness of electronics, which make our products more affordable for end users. We believe our continued growth primarily depends upon: • • • • • continued adoption and governmental funding of intelligent transportation systems (“ITS”) and other automated applications for traffic control, safety and enforcement in developed countries; a propensity by traffic engineers to implement lower cost technology-based solutions rather than civil engineering solutions such as widening roadways; countries in the developing world adopting above-ground detection technology, such as video or radar, instead of in-pavement loop technology to manage traffic; the adoption of automatic LPR for law enforcement and homeland security applications in metropolitan areas; the use of CED to provide solutions to security/surveillance and environmental issues associated with increasing automobile use in metropolitan areas; and 20 • our ability to develop new products, such as hybrid CED devices incorporating, for example, radar and video technologies, that provide increasingly accurate information and enhance the end users’ ability to cost-effectively manage traffic, security/surveillance and environmental issues. Because the majority of our end users are governmental entities, we are faced with challenges related to potential delays in purchase decisions by those entities and changes in budgetary constraints. These contingencies could result in significant fluctuations in our revenue between periods. The ongoing economic environment in Europe and the United States is further adding to the unpredictability of purchase decisions, creating more delays than usual and decreasing governmental budgets, and it is likely to continue to affect our revenue. Key Financial Terms and Metrics Revenue. We derive revenue from two sources: (1) royalties received from Econolite for sales of the Autoscope® video and Autoscope® radar (from 2012 until July 14, 2014) systems in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean and (2) revenue received from the direct sales of our Autoscope® radar (before 2012 and after July 14, 2014) and LPR systems in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean and all of our systems in Europe and Asia. On July 14, 2014, we announced the transfer of North American marketing and manufacturing of the Autoscope® radar product line from Econolite to Image Sensing Systems, ending our royalty agreement for radar sales. Autoscope® video royalties are calculated using a profit sharing model where the gross profits on sales of product made through Econolite are shared equally with Econolite. This royalty arrangement has the benefit of decreasing our cost of revenues and our selling, marketing and product support expenses because these costs and expenses are borne primarily by Econolite. Although this royalty model has a positive impact on our gross margin, it also negatively impacts our total revenue, which would be higher if all the sales made by Econolite were made directly by us. The royalty arrangement is exclusive under a long-term agreement. Cost of Revenue. There is no cost of revenue related to royalties, as virtually all manufacturing, warranty and related costs are incurred by Econolite. Cost of revenue related to product sales consists primarily of the amount charged by our third party contractors to manufacture hardware platforms, which is influenced mainly by the cost of electronic components. The cost of revenue also includes logistics costs, estimated expenses for product warranties, restructuring costs and inventory reserves. The key metric that we follow is achieving certain gross margin percentages on product sales by geographic region and to a lesser extent by product line. Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses fall into three categories: (1) selling, marketing and product support; (2) general and administrative; and (3) research and development. Selling, marketing and product support expenses consist of various costs related to sales and support of our products, including salaries, benefits and commissions paid to our personnel; commissions paid to third parties; travel, trade show and advertising costs; second-tier technical support for Econolite; and general product support, where applicable. General and administrative expenses consist of certain corporate and administrative functions that support the development and sales of our products and provide an infrastructure to support future growth. These expenses include management, supervisory and staff salaries and benefits, legal and auditing fees, travel, rent and costs associated with being a public company, such as board of director fees, listing fees and annual reporting expenses. Research and development expenses consist mainly of salaries and benefits for our engineers and third party costs for consulting and prototyping. We measure all operating expenses against our annually approved budget, which is developed with achieving a certain operating margin as a key focus. Also included in operating expenses are restructuring costs and non-cash expense for intangible asset amortization. Non-GAAP Operating Measure. We provide certain non-GAAP financial information as supplemental information to financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States). This non-GAAP information excludes the impact of amortizing intangible assets and may exclude other non-recurring items. Management believes that this presentation facilitates the comparison of our current operating results to historical operating results. Management uses this non-GAAP information to evaluate short-term and long-term operating trends in our core operations. Non-GAAP information is not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for or an alternative to GAAP financial measures and may not be computed the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. 21 The table below reconciles Non-GAAP Income (Loss) from Operations, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, to comparable GAAP financial measures: Ye ar Ende d De ce mbe r 31, 2014 2013 2012 Loss from operations Adjustments to reconcile to non-GAAP net loss $ (9,947) $ (11,970) $ (3,561) Amortization of intangible assets Impairment Restructuring Investigation matter Goodwill impairment Non-GAAP net income (loss) $ 1,558 1,017 770 152 — (6,450) $ 1,554 — — 3,723 — (6,693) $ 1,622 — 430 — 3,175 1,666 Seasonality. Our quarterly revenues and operating results have varied significantly in the past due to the seasonality of our business. Our first quarter generally is the weakest due to weather conditions that make roadway construction more difficult in parts of North America, Europe and northern Asia. We expect such seasonality to continue for the foreseeable future. Additionally, our international revenues regularly contain individually significant sales. This can result in significant variations of revenue between periods. Accordingly, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our financial results should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance. No assurance can be given that we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Segments. We currently operate in three reportable segments: Intersection, Highway and LPR. Autoscope® video is our machine-vision product line, and revenue consists of royalties (all of which are received from Econolite), as well as a portion of international product sales. Video products are normally sold in the Intersection segment. The Autoscope® radar is our radar product line, and revenue consists of sales to external customers. Radar products are normally sold in the Highway segment. Autoscope® license plate recognition is our LPR product line. All segment revenues are derived from external customers. As a result of business model changes and modifications in how we manage our business, we may reevaluate our segment definitions in the future. The following tables set forth selected unaudited financial information for each of our reportable segments (in thousands): For the year ended December 31, 2014 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets $ 11,357 10,305 — — $ 6,786 3,255 488 454 $ 4,910 1,452 1,070 3,533 $ 23,053 15,012 1,558 3,987 For the year ended December 31, 2013 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets $ 13,428 11,559 — — $ 6,414 1,862 488 942 $ 6,448 2,980 1,066 5,521 $ 26,290 16,401 1,554 6,463 For the year ended December 31, 2012 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Goodwill impairment Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets and goodwill $ 16,031 14,010 — — — $ 4,118 1,798 1,372 748 1,430 $ 4,814 2,449 1,803 874 5,059 $ 24,963 18,257 3,175 1,622 6,489 22 Results of Operations The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain consolidated statements of operations data as a percent of total revenue and gross profit on product sales and royalties as a percentage of international sales and royalties, respectively. Product sales Royalties Total revenue Gross profit - product sales Gross profit - royalties Selling, marketing and product support General and administrative Research and development Amortization of intangible assets Impairment Restructuring Investigation matter Goodwill impairment Loss from operations Income tax expense (benefit) Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 % 55.6 44.4 100.0 37.2 100.0 41.4 26.8 24.9 6.8 4.4 3.3 0.7 — (43.1) (0.8) % 55.9 44.1 100.0 32.7 100.0 44.8 23.9 19.2 5.9 — — 14.2 — (45.5) 15.0 % 50.3 49.7 100.0 46.6 100.0 29.2 20.7 16.6 6.5 — 1.7 — 12.7 (14.3) (0.7) Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013. Total revenue decreased to $23.1 million in 2014 from $26.3 million in 2013, a decrease of 12.3%. In the first quarter of 2014, we implemented restructuring plans to improve our financial performance in Europe, which included the closure of our office in Poland. Excluding Poland revenue of $2.3 million in 2013, revenue for 2014 decreased $1.0 million, a decrease of 4.0%. Royalty income decreased to $10.2 million in 2014 from $11.6 million in 2013, a decrease of 11.6%. The decrease in royalties was the result of a decrease in Autoscope® video system sales under the Econolite agreement and the transition of Autoscope® radar product sales from Econolite to the Company. Autoscope® video royalties were lower in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of lower unit volume. Product sales decreased to $12.8 million in 2014 from $14.7 million in 2013, a decrease of 12.8%. The decrease in product sales was mainly due to lower sales volume in Europe, which was partially offset by an increase in Autoscope® radar sales in North America due to the previously discussed radar transition. The decrease in European sales volume was primarily the result of the Polish office closure. Revenue for the Intersection segment decreased to $11.4 million in 2014 from $13.4 million in 2013, a decrease of 15.4%. The decrease in the Intersection segment was mainly due to lower sales volume in Europe and North America. Revenue for the Highway segment increased to $6.8 million in 2014 from $6.4 million in 2013, an increase of 5.8%. The increase in Highway was due to the transition of the North American Highway sales from Econolite to Image Sensing Systems. This transition resulted in the direct sale of products to customers instead of a royalty from Econolite beginning at the transition date of July 14, 2014. Revenue for the LPR segment decreased to $4.9 million in 2014 from $6.4 million in 2013, a decrease of 23.9%. The decrease in revenue for the LPR segment in 2014 compared to 2013 is due to lower sales volumes in North America and Europe. Gross profit for product sales increased to 37.2% in 2014 from 32.7% in 2013. Gross profit for the LPR product line has historically been lower than gross profit for the Intersection and Highway product lines and therefore the mix of the product lines sold in any given period can result in varying gross profit. Generally, higher sales volumes of Highway or LPR products will reduce gross profit because of fixed manufacturing costs for these products. Additionally, the geographic sales mix of our product sales can influence margins, as product sold in some jurisdictions have lower margins. We anticipate that gross profit for our product sales will be higher in 2015 as compared to 2014, while we expect royalty gross profit will be 100% in 2015. Selling, marketing and product support expense decreased to $9.5 million or 41.4% of total revenue in 2014 from $11.8 million or 44.8% of total revenue in 2013. Our selling, marketing and product support expense decreased mainly due to certain cost reductions, which were partially offset by nonrecurring expenses associated with transitioning the North American radar business from Econolite. Included in these charges are royalties due to Econolite for orders that were received by Econolite but fulfilled by Image Sensing Systems. These royalties to Econolite will end once all such open orders are fulfilled. We anticipate that annual selling, marketing and product support expense will decrease in dollar amount in 2015 as compared to 2014. 23 General and administrative expense decreased slightly to $6.2 million from $6.3 million in 2013, but increased to 26.8% of total revenue in 2014, from 23.9% of total revenue in 2013. General and administrative expenses decreased in 2014 mainly as a result of a decrease in the other professional fees related to the use of outside consultants which were partially offset by severance costs related to the separation from former employees and other normal operating costs. Our direct costs related to the investigation involving our subsidiary in Poland and associated remediation actions were approximately $152,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Please see Note 15 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the investigation. We anticipate that annual general and administrative expenses will decrease in 2015 as compared to 2014. Research and development expense increased to $5.7 million or 24.9% of total revenue in 2014, from $5.0 million or 19.2% of total revenue in 2013. The increase was mainly related to the increased expenditures on new research and development projects, the acceleration of previously existing projects and other product developments. We anticipate that research and development expense will decrease in dollar amount in 2015 compared to 2014. In performing the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of our software development costs, which is impacted by estimates and assumptions of future revenues and expenses for these software products, as well as other factors such as changes in product technologies, we determined that the capitalized costs were in excess of net realizable value. As a result, during the quarter ended December 31, 2014, we recorded an impairment charge of $867,000 for the full amount of the software development costs. In the first quarter of 2014, the Company implemented restructuring plans to improve our financial performance in Europe. These plans included the closure of our office in Poland. Because of these actions, restructuring charges of approximately $460,000 were recorded related primarily to the closure of facilities and employee terminations. In the fourth quarter of 2014 the Company implemented restructuring plans to close down our operations in Asia. Because of these actions, restructuring charges of approximately $310,000 were recorded related primarily to the closure of facilities and employee terminations. Amortization of intangibles was $1.6 million in both 2014 and 2013 and reflects the amortization of intangible assets acquired in acquisitions. Assuming there are no changes to our intangible assets, we anticipate amortization expense will be approximately $1.5 million in 2015. Income tax expense of $174,000, or 1.7% of our pretax loss, was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to income tax expense of $3.9 million, or 33.3% of pretax loss, for the year ended December 31, 2013. The income tax expense in 2013 was primarily driven by the recognition of a valuation allowance of $8.1 million for the United States and United Kingdom jurisdictions. Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2012. Total revenue increased to $26.3 million in 2013 from $25.0 million in 2012, an increase of 5.3%. Royalty income decreased to $11.6 million in 2013 from $12.4 million in 2012, a decrease of 6.5%. The decrease in royalties was the result of a decrease in Autoscope® video royalties slightly offset by an increase in Autoscope® radar royalties. Autoscope® video royalties were lower in 2013 compared to 2012 as a result of lower unit volume. Product sales increased to $14.7 million in 2013 from $12.6 million in 2012, an increase of 16.9%. The increase in product sales was mainly due to higher sales volume in Europe and Asia. Revenue for the Intersection segment decreased to $13.4 million in 2013 from $16.0 million in 2012, a decrease of 16.2%. The increase in revenue for the Intersection segment was mainly due to lower sales volume in Europe. Revenue for the Highway segment increased to $6.4 million in 2013 from $4.1 million in 2012, an increase of 55.8%. The increase in revenue for the Highway segment was due mainly to higher sales worldwide. Revenue for the LPR segment increased to $6.4 million in 2013 from $4.8 million in 2012, an increase of 33.9%. The increase in revenue for the LPR segment in 2013 over 2012 was due to higher sales volumes in North America and Europe. Gross profit for product sales decreased to 32.7% in 2013 from 46.6% in 2012. Gross profit for the LPR product line has historically been lower than gross profit for the Intersection and Highway product lines and therefore the mix of the product lines sold in any given period can result in varying profit. Generally, lower sales volumes of Highway or LPR products will reduce gross profit because of fixed manufacturing costs for these products. Selling, marketing and product support expense increased to $11.8 million or 44.8% of total revenue in 2013 from $7.3 million or 29.2% of total revenue in 2012. Our selling, marketing and product support expense increased mainly due to our investments in additional sales and marketing resources. General and administrative expense increased to $6.3 million or 23.9% of total revenue in 2013 from $5.2 million or 20.7% of total revenue in 2012. General and administrative expenses increased in 2013 mainly as a result of legal and other professional fees related to the investigation and remediation actions described in Note 15 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth 24 elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and severance costs related to the separation from former employees. Our direct costs related to the investigation were approximately $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and immaterial in 2012. Research and development expense increased to $5.0 million or 19.2% of total revenue in 2013, from $4.1 million or 16.6% of total revenue in 2012. The increase was mainly related to the increased expenditures on new research and development projects, the acceleration of previously existing projects and other product developments. Amortization of intangibles was $1.6 million in both 2013 and 2012 and reflects the amortization of intangible assets acquired in acquisitions. Income tax expense of $3.9 million, or 33.3% of our pretax loss, was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to income tax benefit of $180,000, or 5.4% of pretax loss, for the year ended December 31, 2012. The income tax expense increase was primarily driven by the recognition of a valuation allowance of $8.1 million for the United States and United Kingdom jurisdictions in 2013. Liquidity and Capital Resources At December 31, 2014, we had $2.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $3.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $2.6 million in short-term investments at December 31, 2013. Our investment objectives are to preserve principal, maintain liquidity, and achieve the best available return consistent with the primary objectives of safety and liquidity. Net cash used for operating activities was $2.6 million in 2014, compared to cash used of $5.5 million in 2013 and cash provided of $5.9 million in 2012. The primary reason for the decrease in cash in 2014 was operating losses and restructuring costs, partially offset by a reduction in working capital. The primary reasons for the decrease in cash in 2013 was the on-going expenses related to the investigation and investments made in the Company’s product offerings. We anticipate that average receivable collection days in 2015 will be similar to 2014 and that it will not have a material impact on our liquidity. Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.3 million in 2014, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $791,000 in 2013 and cash used in investing activities of $1.4 million in 2012. Our planned additions of property and equipment are discretionary, and we do not expect them to exceed historical levels in 2015. There was no net cash provided by financing activities in 2014, compared to cash provided of $9,000 and $121,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. In May 2014, the Company entered into a credit agreement and related documents with Alliance Bank providing for a revolving line of credit for the Company. The credit agreement and related documents with Alliance Bank (collectively, the “Alliance Credit Agreement”) provide up to a $5.0 million revolving line of credit. Amounts due under the Alliance Credit Agreement bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 3.95%. Any advances are secured by the Company’s inventories, accounts receivable, cash, marketable securities, and equipment. We are subject to certain covenants under the Alliance Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2014, we had no borrowings under the Alliance Credit Agreement, and we were in compliance with all financial covenants. In March 2015, we entered into an agreement with Alliance Bank amending the Alliance Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date from May 2015 to April 1, 2016. Prior to May 12, 2014, we had a revolving line of credit with Associated Bank, National Association (“Associated Bank”) that was initially entered into as of May 1, 2008. We requested, and Associated Bank granted, a termination to the Credit Agreement effective on May 12, 2014 in connection with the revolving line of credit from Alliance Bank described above. We believe that cash and cash equivalents on hand at December 31, 2014, along with the availability of funds under our revolving line of credit and cash provided by operating activities, will satisfy our projected working capital needs, investing activities, and other cash requirements for the foreseeable future. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not participate in transactions or have relationships or other arrangements with an unconsolidated entity, including special purpose and similar entities or other off-balance sheet arrangements. Critical Accounting Policies Our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which require us to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that 25 affect amounts reported. In preparing these financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments of certain amounts, giving due consideration to materiality. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, the following are particularly important to the portrayal of our results of operations and financial position, may require the application of a higher level of judgment by our management, and as a result, are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. For further information see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We are required to comply with a variety of technical accounting requirements in order to achieve consistent and accurate revenue recognition. Royalty income is recognized based on sales shipped or delivered to our customers as reported to us by Econolite. Revenue is recognized when both product ownership and the risk of loss have transferred to the customer and we have no remaining obligations. Allowances for doubtful accounts are estimated by management based on an evaluation of potential losses related to customer receivable balances. We determine the allowance based on historical write-off experience in the industry, regional economic data, and an evaluation of specific customer accounts for risk of loss. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers. The establishment of this reserve requires the use of judgment and assumptions regarding the potential for losses on receivable balances. Although management considers these balances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have an effect on reserve balances required. Inventories. We maintain a material amount of inventory to support our engineering and manufacturing operations. This inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. On a regular basis, we review our inventory and identify that which is excess, slow moving, and obsolete by considering factors such as inventory levels, expected product life, and forecasted sales demand. Any identified excess, slow moving, and obsolete inventory is written down to its market value through a charge to income from operations. It is possible that additional inventory write-down charges may be required in the future if there is a significant decline in demand for our products. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups, such as property and equipment and intangibles subject to amortization, when events or changes in circumstances such as asset utilization, physical change, legal factors, or other matters indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. When this review indicates the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group, we recognize an asset impairment charge against operations. The amount of the impairment loss recorded is the amount by which the carrying value of the impaired asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Our impairment loss calculations contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to identify events or changes in circumstances indicating the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable, estimate future cash flows, estimate asset fair values, and select a discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in future cash flows. Expected cash flows may not be realized, which could cause long-lived assets to become impaired in future periods and could have a material adverse effect on future results of operations. Warranty Liabilities. The estimated cost to service warranty and customer service claims is included in cost of sales. This estimate is based on historical trends of warranty claims. We regularly assess and adjust the estimate of accrued warranty claims by updating claims rates for actual trends and projected claim costs. Our warranty liability contains uncertainties because our warranty obligations cover an extended period of time. While these liability levels are based on historical warranty experience, they may not reflect the actual claims that will occur over the upcoming warranty period, and additional warranty reserves may be required. A revision of estimated claim rates or the projected cost of materials and freight associated with sending replacement parts to customers could have a material adverse effect on future results of operations. Income Taxes. We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining net realizable value of our deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09 provides new guidance related to how an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be 26 entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 specifies new accounting for costs associated with obtaining or fulfilling contracts with customers and expands the required disclosures related to revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption, with early application not permitted. We are currently determining our implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Approximately 40% of our revenue has historically been derived from shipments to customers outside of the United States, and a large portion of this revenue is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our international subsidiaries have functional currencies other than our U.S. dollar reporting currency and, occasionally, transact business in currencies other than their functional currencies. These non-functional currency transactions expose us to market risk on assets, liabilities and cash flows recognized on these transactions. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies decreases the value of foreign currency-denominated revenue and earnings when translated into U.S. dollars. Conversely, a weakening of the U.S. dollar increases the value of foreign currency-denominated revenue and earnings. A 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates, if we have not properly hedged, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position. 27 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data IMAGE SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Marketable securities Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $516 and $1,173, respectively Inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ Total current assets Property and equipment: Furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements Equipment Accumulated depreciation Intangible assets, net Deferred income taxes Other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable Warranty and other current liabilities Accrued compensation Accrued restructuring Total current liabilities Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Shareholders' equity $ $ Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding Common stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 4,995,963 and 4,974,847 issued and outstanding, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Accumulated deficit Total shareholders' equity TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 49 23,547 (158) (15,118) 8,320 14,890 $ See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 28 December 31, 2014 2013 2,656 — 4,219 2,234 871 9,980 620 556 3,964 5,140 4,279 861 3,987 62 — 14,890 3,315 2,096 687 216 6,314 165 91 — $ $ $ $ 3,564 2,639 5,252 3,589 1,414 16,458 620 511 3,988 5,119 4,094 1,025 6,463 139 300 24,385 2,409 1,959 1,202 — 5,570 175 126 — 49 23,276 604 (5,415) 18,514 24,385 IMAGE SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share data) Ye ars e nde d De ce mbe r 31, 2013 2012 2014 Revenue: Product sales Royalties Cost of revenue: Product sales Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling, marketing and product support General and administrative Research and development Amortization of intangible assets Impairment Restructuring Investigation matter Goodwill impairment Loss from operations Other income, net Loss before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Net loss Net loss per share: Basic Diluted $ $ $ $ Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. $ $ $ $ 12,806 10,247 23,053 8,041 8,041 15,012 9,543 6,185 5,734 1,558 1,017 770 152 — 24,959 (9,947) 70 (9,877) (174) (9,703) (1.95) (1.95) 4,983 4,983 $ $ $ $ 14,692 11,598 26,290 9,889 9,889 16,401 11,768 6,290 5,036 1,554 — — 3,723 — 28,371 (11,970) 6 (11,964) 3,937 (15,901) (3.21) (3.21) 4,955 4,955 12,564 12,399 24,963 6,706 6,706 18,257 7,289 5,167 4,135 1,622 — 430 — 3,175 21,818 (3,561) 29 (3,532) (180) (3,352) (0.69) (0.69) 4,886 4,886 29 IMAGE SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (in thousands) Loss before income taxes Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment Comprehensive loss $ $ 2014 Years ended December 31, 2013 (15,901) $ $ (9,703) 2012 (3,352) (762) (10,465) $ 214 (15,687) $ 570 (2,782) See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 30 IMAGE SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (in thousands) Operating activities: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: Years ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 $ (9,703) $ (15,901) $ (3,352) Depreciation Amortization Stock-based compensation Impairment Goodwill impairment Loss on disposal of assets Tax benefit from disqualifying dispositions Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net Inventories Prepaid expenses and current assets Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other liabilities Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities Investing activities: Sales and maturities of marketable securities Purchases of marketable securities Purchases of property and equipment Proceeds (purchases) of other investments Capitalized software development costs Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities Financing activities: Proceeds from exercise of stock options Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rate on changes on cash Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 533 1,558 271 1,017 — 41 — (21) 1,033 1,355 533 906 (102) (2,579) 2,639 — (495) 150 — 2,294 — — (623) (908) 673 1,554 213 — — — — 4,085 1,470 896 197 297 999 (5,517) 7,685 (5,507) (221) (300) (867) 790 9 9 (52) (4,770) 3,564 2,656 $ $ 8,334 3,564 $ 727 1,622 244 — 3,175 — 71 (402) 2,777 1,657 33 114 (727) 5,939 7,303 (10,027) (487) — — (3,211) 121 121 261 3,110 5,224 8,334 31 IMAGE SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands, except share data) Accumulated O ther Additional Comprehensive Shares Issued Common Stock Paid-In Captal Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Total Balance at December 31, 2011 4,910,619 $ 49 $ 22,619 $ (180) $ 13,838 $ 36,326 Tax benefit from disqualifying disposition Common stock issued for options exercised Stock-based compensation Comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation adjustment Net loss Total comprehensive loss Balance at December 31, 2012 Stock awards issued Common stock issued for options exercised Acquisition-related shares surrendered Stock-based compensation Comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation adjustment Net loss Total comprehensive loss Balance at December 31, 2013 Stock awards issued Stock-based compensation Comprehensive loss: Foreign currency translation adjustment Net loss Total comprehensive loss Balance at December 31, 2014 - 56,000 - - - - 4,966,619 13,395 2,333 (7,500) - - - - 4,974,847 21,116 - - - - 4,995,963 - - - 71 121 244 - - - $ 49 - - - 23,055 $ - - - - 75 8 - 138 - - - 570 - $ 390 - - - 71 121 244 - (3,352) - 10,486 $ 570 (3,352) (2,782) 33,980 $ - - - - - - - - 75 8 - 138 - - - $ 49 - - - 23,276 $ 214 - - 604 $ - (15,901) - (5,415) $ 214 (15,901) (15,687) 18,514 $ - - 91 180 - - - 91 180 - - - $ 49 - - - 23,547 $ (762) - - (158) $ - (9,703) - (15,118) $ (762) (9,703) (10,465) 8,320 $ See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 32 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2014 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Image Sensing Systems, Inc. (referred to herein as “we,” the “Company,” “us” and “our”) develops and markets software-based computer enabled detection products for use in traffic, safety, security, police and parking applications. We sell our products primarily to distributors and also receive royalties under a license agreement with a manufacturer/distributor for certain of our products. Our products are used primarily by governmental entities. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Image Sensing Systems HK Limited (ISS HK) located in Hong Kong; Image Sensing Systems (Shenzhen) Limited (ISS WOFE) located in China; Image Sensing Systems Holdings Limited (ISS Holdings), Image Sensing Systems Europe Limited (ISS Europe), Image Sensing Systems UK Limited (ISS UK) and Image Sensing Systems England (ISS England) located in the United Kingdom; Image Sensing Systems Europe Limited SP.Z.O.O., (ISS Poland) located in Poland; Image Sensing Systems Spain SLU (ISS Spain) located in Spain; Image Sensing Systems Germany, GmbH (ISS Germany) located in Germany; and ISS Image Sensing Systems Canada Limited (ISS Canada) located in Canada. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. REVENUE RECOGNITION We recognize revenue on a sales arrangement when it is realized or realizable and earned, which occurs when all of the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery and title transfer have occurred or services have been rendered; the sales price is fixed and determinable; collectability is reasonably assured; and all significant obligations to the customer have been fulfilled. Certain sales may contain multiple elements for revenue recognition purposes. We consider each deliverable that provides value to the customer on a standalone basis as a separable element. Separable elements in these arrangements may include the hardware, software, installation services, training and support. We initially allocate consideration to each separable element using the relative selling price method. Selling prices are determined by us based on either vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) (the actual selling prices of similar products and services sold on a standalone basis) or, in the absence of VSOE, our best estimate of the selling price. Factors considered by us in determining estimated selling prices for applicable elements generally include overall economic conditions, customer demand, costs incurred by us to provide the deliverable, as well as our historical pricing practices. Under these arrangements, revenue associated with each delivered element is recognized in an amount equal to the lesser of the consideration initially allocated to the delivered element or the amount for which payment is not deemed contingent upon future delivery of other elements in the arrangement. Under arrangements where special acceptance protocols exist, installation services and training may not be considered separable. Under those circumstances, revenue for the entire arrangement is recognized upon the completion of installation, training and fulfillment of any other significant obligations specific to the terms of the arrangement. Arrangements that do not contain any separable elements are typically recognized when the products are shipped and title has transferred to the customer. Revenue from arrangements for services such as maintenance, repair, consulting and technical support are recognized either as the service is performed or ratably over the defined contractual period for service maintenance contracts. Econolite Control Products, Inc. (Econolite) is our licensee that sells certain of our products in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. The royalty of approximately 50% of the gross profit on licensed products is recognized when the products are shipped or delivered by Econolite to its customers. We record provisions against sales revenue for estimated returns and allowances in the period when the related revenue is recorded based on historical sales returns and changes in end user demand. Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority. 33 SHIPPING AND HANDLING Freight revenue billed to customers is reported within revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and expenses incurred for shipping products to customers are reported within cost of revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents, both inside and outside the United States, are invested in money market funds and bank deposits in local currency denominations. Cash located in foreign banks was $2.0 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We hold our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions and, at times, the amounts of our balances may be in excess of insurance limits. MARKETABLE SECURITIES We classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale investments and these securities are stated at their estimated fair value. The value of these securities is subject to market and credit volatility during the period these investments are held. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE We grant credit to customers in the normal course of business and generally do not require collateral from domestic customers. When deemed appropriate, receivables from customers outside the United States are supported by letters of credit from financial institutions. Management performs on-going credit evaluations of customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts and includes consideration of the credit worthiness and financial condition of those specific customers. We record an allowance to reduce receivables to the amount that is reasonably believed to be collectible and consider factors such as the financial condition of the customer and the aging of the receivables. If there is a deterioration of a customer’s financial condition, if we become aware of additional information related to the credit worthiness of a customer, or if future actual default rates on trade receivables in general differ from those currently anticipated, we may have to adjust our allowance for doubtful accounts, which would affect earnings in the period the adjustments were made. INVENTORIES Inventories are primarily electronic components and finished goods and are valued at the lower of cost or market determined under the first-in, first-out accounting method. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment is stated at cost. Additions, replacements, and improvements are capitalized at cost, while maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and by accelerated methods for income tax purposes. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the contractual term of the lease, with consideration of lease renewal options if renewal appears probable. Depreciation is recorded over a three- to seven-year period for financial reporting purposes. INCOME TAXES We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining net realizable value of deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. We recognize penalties and interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. 34 GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead tested at least annually for impairment. Goodwill is also tested for impairment as changes in circumstances occur indicating that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill impairment testing first requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to the carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds fair value, goodwill is considered impaired. Impairment testing for indefinite-lived intangible assets requires a comparison between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value, the asset is reduced to fair value. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on goodwill. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period to be benefited by future cash flows and reviewed for impairment. At both December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no indefinite-lived intangible assets. We capitalize certain software development costs related to software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. Capitalized software development costs include purchased materials and services and other costs associated with the development of new products and services. Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time future costs incurred are capitalized until the product is available for general release to the public. Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is generally established once product and detailed program designs have been completed, uncertainties related to high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing, and we have established that the necessary skills, hardware, and software technology are available for production of the product. Capitalized software development costs are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability, which is impacted by estimates and assumptions of future revenues and expenses for these software products, as well as other factors such as changes in product technologies. Any portion of unamortized capitalized software development costs that are determined to be in excess of net realizable value have been expensed in the period in which such a determination is made. In performing the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of our software development costs, we determined that the capitalized costs were in excess of net realizable value. As a result, we recorded an impairment of $867,000 during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2014. IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups, such as property and equipment and intangibles subject to amortization, when events or changes in circumstances such as asset utilization, physical change, legal factors, or other matters indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. When this review indicates the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group, we recognize an asset impairment charge against operations. The amount of the impairment loss recorded is the amount by which the carrying value of the impaired asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. No such impairment losses were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Research and development costs associated with new products are charged to operations in the period incurred. WARRANTIES We generally provide a standard two-year warranty on product sales. We record estimated warranty costs at the time of sale and accrue for specific items at the time that their existence is known and the amounts are determinable. We estimate warranty costs using standard quantitative measures based on historical warranty claim experience and an evaluation of specific customer warranty issues. In addition, warranty provisions are also recognized for certain nonrecurring product claims that are individually significant. FOREIGN CURRENCY The financial position and results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries are measured using local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using fiscal period-end exchange rates, and statements of operations are translated using average exchange rates applicable to each period, with the resulting translation adjustments recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity under “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 35 NET LOSS PER SHARE Basic loss per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes potentially dilutive common shares consisting of stock options, restricted stock and warrants using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, shares associated with certain stock options have been excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding calculation because the exercise of those options would lead to a net reduction in common shares outstanding. As a result, stock options to acquire 354,000, 348,000 and 481,000 weighted common shares have been excluded from the diluted weighted shares outstanding calculation for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares during the period and were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Predicting future events is inherently an imprecise activity and, as such, requires the use of judgment. Ultimate results could differ from those estimates. Changes in these estimates will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant and recognize the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. Stock options are granted at exercise prices equal to the closing market price of our stock on the day before the date of grant. For purposes of determining estimated fair value of stock-based payment awards, we utilize a Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of certain assumptions requiring management judgment. Because our employee stock option awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the input assumptions can materially affect fair value estimates, existing models may not provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of employee stock options. Management will continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate estimated fair value of stock-based compensation. Circumstances may change and additional data may become available over time that could result in changes to these assumptions and methodologies and thereby materially impact the fair value determination of future grants of stock-based payment awards. If factors change and we employ different assumptions in future periods, the compensation expense recorded may differ significantly from the stock-based compensation expense recorded in the current period. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09 provides new guidance related to how an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 specifies new accounting for costs associated with obtaining or fulfilling contracts with customers and expands the required disclosures related to revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption, with early application not permitted. We are currently determining our implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements. 2. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES The guidance for fair value measurements establishes the authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value and outlines the required disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy based upon observable and non-observable inputs as follows: • • • Level 1 – observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2 – inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 – unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. 36 Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the fair value measurement has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular item to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, including the consideration of inputs specific to the asset or liability. Investments are comprised of high-grade municipal bonds, U.S. government securities and commercial paper and are classified as Level 1 or Level 2, depending on trading frequency and volume and our ability to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The amortized cost and market value of our available-for-sale securities by major security type were as follows (in thousands): Bank certificates of deposit Level 1 — — $ $ December 31, 2013 Level 2 $ $ 2,639 2,639 Level 3 — — $ $ Total $ $ 2,639 2,639 Classification of available-for-sale investments as current or noncurrent is dependent upon our intended holding period, the security’s maturity date, or both. There were no available-for-sale investments with gross unrealized losses that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months as of December 31, 2013. The aggregate unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale investments was immaterial as of December 31, 2013. Proceeds from maturities or sales of available-for-sale securities were $2.6 million, $7.7 million and $7.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses related to sales of available-for-sale investments during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were immaterial and included in other income. Nonfinancial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Our intangible assets and other long-lived assets are nonfinancial assets that were acquired either as part of a business combination, individually or with a group of other assets. These nonfinancial assets were initially, and have historically been, measured and recognized at amounts equal to the fair value determined as of the date of acquisition. Periodically, these nonfinancial assets are tested for impairment by comparing their respective carrying values to the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or asset group in which they reside. In the quarter ended June 30, 2012, certain of these nonfinancial assets were deemed to be impaired (see Note 4), and we recognized an impairment loss equal to the amount by which the carrying value of each reporting unit exceeded their estimated fair value. Fair value measurements of the reporting units were estimated using certain Level 3 inputs requiring management judgment, including projections of economic conditions and customer demand, revenue and margins, changes in competition, operating costs, working capital requirements, and new product introductions. Financial Instruments not Measured at Fair Value Certain of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value and are recorded at carrying amounts approximating fair value, based on their short-term nature or variable interest rate. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities. 3. INVENTORIES Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands): Components Finished goods December 31, 2014 2013 $ $ 1,760 474 2,234 $ $ 2,797 792 3,589 37 4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS We apply a fair value based impairment test to the carrying value of goodwill for each reporting unit on an annual basis and on an interim basis if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred. In the second quarter of 2012, we experienced a significant and sustained decline in our stock price. The decline resulted in our market capitalization falling significantly below the recorded value of our consolidated net assets. As a result, we concluded a triggering event had occurred and performed an impairment test of goodwill for each reporting unit at that time. Based on the results of our initial assessment of impairment of our goodwill (step 1), we determined that the carrying value of each reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. Therefore, we performed the second step of the impairment assessment to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. In performing the goodwill assessment, we used current market capitalization, discounted cash flows and other factors as the best evidence of fair value. As a result of this assessment, we recorded $3.2 million of goodwill impairment charges in the second quarter of 2012. Intangible Assets Because the intangible assets are accounted for in Great Britain Pounds, they are impacted by period-end rates of exchange to United States Dollars and therefore varied in different reporting periods. In performing the ongoing assessment of recoverability on our software development costs, which is impacted by estimates and assumptions of future revenues and expenses for these software products, as well as other factors such as changes in product technologies, we determined that the capitalized costs were in excess of net realizable value. As a result, in the quarter ended December 31, 2014, we recorded an impairment charge of $867,000. Intangible assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands): Developed technology Trade names Other intangible assets Total Developed technology Trade names Other intangible assets Software development costs Total Gross Carrying Amount 8,114 3,267 1,777 13,158 Gross Carrying Amount 8,152 3,267 1,874 867 14,160 $ $ $ $ December 31, 2014 Accumulated Amortization $ (5,666) (2,367) (1,138) (9,171) $ $ $ Net Carrying Value 2,448 900 639 3,987 December 31, 2013 Accumulated Amortization $ (4,587) (2,110) (1,001) — (7,698) $ $ $ Net Carrying Value 3,566 1,157 873 867 6,463 Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 2.6 3.5 2.2 2.7 Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 3.6 4.5 3.1 3.0 3.5 The estimated future amortization expense related to other intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows (dollars in thousands): $ 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Expense 1,499 837 837 617 197 38 Future amortization amounts presented above are estimates. Actual future amortization expense may be different due to future acquisitions, impairments, changes in amortization periods, or other factors. In connection with the triggering events discussed above, we reviewed our long-lived assets and determined that none of the long-lived assets were impaired for our asset groups. The determination was based on reviewing estimated undiscounted cash flows for our asset groups, which were greater than their carrying values. As required under GAAP, this impairment analysis occurred before the goodwill impairment assessment. The evaluation of the recoverability of long-lived assets requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to, the identification of the asset group at the lowest level of independent cash flows and the primary asset of the group; and long-range forecasts of revenue, reflecting management’s assessment of general economic and industry conditions, operating income, depreciation and amortization and working capital requirements. 5. CREDIT FACILITIES In May 2014, the Company entered into a credit agreement and related documents with Alliance Bank providing for a revolving line of credit for the Company. The credit agreement and related documents with Alliance Bank (collectively, the “Alliance Credit Agreement”) provide up to a $5.0 million revolving line of credit. Amounts due under the Alliance Credit Agreement bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 3.95%. Any advances are secured by the Company’s inventories, accounts receivable, cash, marketable securities, and equipment. We are subject to certain covenants under the Alliance Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2014, we had no borrowings under the Alliance Credit Agreement, and we were in compliance with all financial covenants. In March 2015, we entered into an agreement with Alliance Bank amending the Alliance Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date from May 2015 to April 1, 2016. Prior to May 12, 2014, we had a revolving line of credit with Associated Bank, National Association (“Associated Bank”) that was initially entered into as of May 1, 2008. We requested, and Associated Bank granted, a termination to the Credit Agreement effective on May 12, 2014 in connection with the revolving line of credit from Alliance Bank described above. 6. WARRANTIES Warranty liability and related activity consisted of the following (in thousands): Beginning balance Warranty provisions Warranty claims Adjustments to preexisting warranties Ending balance Years ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 $ $ 934 328 (350) 54 966 $ $ 520 209 (297) 502 934 $ $ 423 234 (233) 96 520 39 7. INCOME TAXES The components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Loss before income taxes Domestic Foreign Total Years ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 $ $ (4,275) (5,602) (9,877) $ $ (9,041) (2,923) (11,964) $ $ (136) (3,396) (3,532) The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows (in thousands): Current: Federal State Foreign Deferred: Federal State Foreign Total income tax expense (benefit) Years ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 $ $ $ $ (158) 3 17 (138) — — (36) (36) (174) $ $ $ $ (234) (3) 153 (84) 4,130 61 (170) 4,021 3,937 $ $ $ $ (48) (1) 90 41 (31) — (190) (221) (180) A reconciliation from the federal statutory income tax provision to our effective tax expense (benefit) is as follows (in thousands): Years ended December 31, 2013 2014 2012 United States federal tax statutory rate State taxes, net of federal benefit Valuation allowances against deferred tax assets Research and development tax credits Foreign provision different than U.S. tax rate Stock option expense Adjustment of prior year tax credits and refunds Uncertain tax positions Goodwill impairment Other $ $ (3,358) (291) 2,889 (374) 831 33 125 (10) - (19) $ (3,976) (51) 7,890 (252) 391 28 (63) (8) - (22) (1,201) 3 90 (135) 545 (27) 69 (19) 417 78 Total $ (174) $ 3,937 $ (180) 40 A summary of the deferred tax assets and liabilities is as follows (in thousands): Current deferred tax assets (liabilities): Accrued compensation and benefits Prepaid expenses and other Inventory reserves Allowance for doubtful accounts Warranty reserves Total current deferred tax asset: Non-current deferred tax assets: Intangible and other assets Net operating loss carryforwards Non-qualified stock option expense Property, equipment and other Research and development credit Non-current deferred tax asset: Less: valuation allowance Non-current deferred tax liability: Years ended December 31, 2014 2013 $ $ 141 (60) 217 112 194 604 3,476 5,620 77 158 913 10,244 (10,950) (706) 66 (88) 240 237 162 617 3,525 3,320 47 147 378 7,417 (8,156) (739) Total net deferred tax liability $ (102) $ (122) As of December 31, 2014, the Company had sustained a significant loss. The net operation loss (“NOL”) carry forward after considering NOL carry back in the United States, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Canada is $11.5 million, $6.6 million, $1.5 million and $95,000, respectively. The Company’s management believes that it is not more likely than not the net operating losses will be utilized. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2014, a full valuation allowance is provided. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740-30, we have not recognized a deferred tax liability for the undistributed earnings of certain of our foreign operations because those subsidiaries have invested or will invest the undistributed earnings indefinitely. It is impractical for us to determine the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities on these indefinitely reinvested earnings. Deferred taxes are recorded for earnings of foreign operations when we determine that such earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested. We realize an income tax benefit from the exercise or early disposition of certain stock options. This benefit results in a decrease in current income taxes payable and an increase in additional paid-in capital. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the tax liability for uncertain tax positions is as follows (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2012 Additions for current year tax positions Reductions as a result of lapses in statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2013 Additions for current year tax positions Reductions as a result of lapses in statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2014 $ $ $ 18 - (10) 8 - (8) — Included in the balance of uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2014 are immaterial potential benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to change materially within the next 12 months. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had no accrued interest related to uncertain income tax positions. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, no accrual for penalties related to uncertain tax positions existed. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are included in interest expense and general and administrative expense, respectively, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. 41 We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and require significant judgment to apply. Generally, we are subject to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax examinations by taxing authorities for years after the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, domestic and certain of our foreign subsidiaries were expected to receive income tax refunds within the next fiscal year. This current income tax receivable is included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 8. LICENSING We have licensed the exclusive right to manufacture and market the Autoscope® video and Autoscope® radar technology in the United States, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean to Econolite, and we receive royalties from Econolite on sales of systems in those territories as well as in non-exclusive territories as allowed from time to time. We may terminate our agreement with Econolite if a minimum annual sales level is not met or if Econolite fails to make royalty payments as required by the agreement. The agreement’s term runs to 2031, unless terminated by either party upon three years’ notice. We recognized royalty income from this agreement of $10.2 million, $11.6 million and $12.4 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 9. SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS AND CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK Royalty income from Econolite comprised 44%, 44% and 50% of revenue in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Accounts receivable from Econolite were $1.5 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Major disruptions in the manufacturing and distribution of our products by Econolite or the inability of Econolite to make payments on its accounts receivable with us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Econolite and one other customer comprised approximately 42% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014. Econolite was the only customer that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2013. During the period from April 2011 through August 2012, the Chief Executive Officer of the parent company of Econolite served on our Board of Directors. 10. RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLANS Substantially all of our employees in the United States are eligible to participate in a qualified defined contribution 401(k) plan. Participants may elect to have a specified portion of their salary contributed to the plan, and we may make discretionary contributions to the plan. ISS HK and ISS UK are obligated to contribute to certain employee pension plans. We made contributions totaling $132,000, $128,000 and $132,000 to the plans for 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 11. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Stock-Based Compensation We compensate officers, directors and key employees with stock-based compensation under stock plans approved by our shareholders and administered under the supervision of our Board of Directors. Stock option awards are granted at exercise prices equal to the closing price of our stock on the day before the date of grant. Generally, options vest proportionally over periods of three to five years from the dates of the grant, beginning one year from the date of grant, and have a contractual term of nine to ten years. Performance stock options are time based; however, the final number of awards earned and the related compensation expense is adjusted up or down to the extent the performance target is met. The actual number of shares that will ultimately vest ranges from 90% to 100% of the targeted amount if the minimum performance target is achieved. For performance stock awards granted in 2014, the performance target was revenue. We evaluate the likelihood of meeting the performance target at each reporting period and adjust compensation expense, on a cumulative basis, based on the expected achievement of each performance target. Compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized ratably over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $271,000, $213,000 and $244,000, respectively. At December 31, 2014, a total of 556,989 shares were available for grant under these plans. 42 The following table summarizes stock option activity for 2014, 2013 and 2012: Options outstanding at beginning of year Granted Exercised Expired Forfeited Options outstanding at end of year Options eligible for exercise at year-end ________________________________ *Weighted Average Exercise Price 2014 2013 2012 Shares 339,750 167,500 — — (153,250) 354,000 174,000 WAEP* 6.73 4.92 — — 5.74 6.30 7.16 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Shares 398,893 86,000 (2,333) (4,000) (138,810) 339,750 130,688 WAEP* 7.95 6.82 3.65 9.00 10.28 6.73 7.71 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Shares 535,333 159,750 (56,000) (16,000) (224,190) 398,893 160,143 WAEP* 9.58 5.12 2.17 15.00 10.74 7.95 9.84 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Options outstanding at December 31, 2014 had a weighted average remaining contractual term of 7.0 years and had no aggregate intrinsic value. Options eligible for exercise at December 31, 2014 had a weighted average remaining contractual term of 5.4 years and had no aggregate intrinsic value. There were no stock options exercised during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $4,000 and $208,000, respectively. The fair value of stock options granted under stock-based compensation programs has been estimated as of the date of each grant using the multiple option form of the Black-Scholes valuation model, based on the grant price and assumptions regarding the expected grant life, stock price volatility, dividends, and risk-free interest rates. Each vesting period of an option award is valued separately, with this value being recognized evenly over the vesting period. The weighted average per share grant date fair value of options to purchase 167,500, 86,000 and 159,750 shares granted for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $2.20, $3.53 and $1.82, respectively. The weighted average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted during those fiscal years were as follows: Expected life (in years) Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Dividend yield 2014 5.0 1.55 50 % % 0 % 2013 5.0 1.52 60 % % 0 % 2012 4.8 0.72 42 % % 0 % The expected life represents the period that the stock option awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined based on historical and anticipated future exercise and expiration patterns. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the yield of constant maturity U.S. Treasury bonds on the grant date with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the grant. We estimate stock price volatility based on a historical weekly price observation. The dividend yield assumption is based on the annualized current dividend divided by the share price on the grant date. We have not historically paid any cash dividends and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Other information pertaining to options for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 is as follows: 2014 2013 2012 Stock-based compensation expense recognized within general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations Cash received from the exercise of options Excess income tax benefits from exercise of stock options $ $ 271,000 - - $ 213,000 8,500 - 244,000 121,000 71,000 Stock Awards We issue stock awards as a portion of the annual retainer for each director on a quarterly basis. The stock awards are fully vested at the time of issuance. Compensation expense related to stock awards is determined on the grant date based on the publicly quoted fair market value of our common stock and is charged to earnings on the grant date. During the quarter ended December 31, 2014, there 43 were stock awards issued for 8,168 shares with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $3.065. For the year ended December 31, 2014, there were stock awards issued for 21,116 shares with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $4.29. 12. RESTRUCTURING In the second quarter of 2012, we implemented restructuring plans to improve our financial performance. As a result of these actions, we recorded restructuring charges within all reportable segments that were comprised of termination benefits, facility closure costs and inventory charges. In 2012, approximately $430,000 was recorded in operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of these restructuring plans. The following table shows the restructuring activity for 2012 (in thousands): Facility Costs Te rmination and Contract Inve ntory Be ne fits Te rmination Charge s Total Balance at January 1, 2012 Charges Settlements Balance at December 31, 2012 $ 163 359 (522) $ - $ 65 71 (136) $ - 384 $ - (384) $ - $ 612 430 (1,042) $ - In the first quarter of 2014, the Company implemented restructuring plans to improve our financial performance in Europe. These plans included the closure of our office in Poland. Because of these actions, restructuring charges of approximately $460,000 were recorded related primarily to the closure of facilities and legal costs. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company implemented restructuring plans to close our offices in Asia. Because of these actions, restructuring charges of approximately $310,000 were recorded related primarily to facilities and employee terminations. The following table shows the restructuring activity for 2014 (in thousands): Facility Costs Termination and Contract Inventory Benefits Termination Charges Total Balance at January 1, 2014 Charges Payments/settlements Balance at December 31, 2014 - $ 250 (60) 190 $ - $ 463 (437) 26 $ - $ 57 (57) $ - - $ 770 (554) 216 $ 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and management regularly review financial information for the Company’s three discrete operating segments. Based on similarities in the economic characteristics, nature of products and services, production processes, type or class of customer served, method of distribution and regulatory environments, the operating segments have been aggregated for financial statement purposes and categorized into three reportable segments: Intersection, Highway and License Plate Recognition (“LPR”). Autoscope® video is our machine-vision product line, and revenue consists of royalties (all of which are received from Econolite), as well as a portion of international product sales. Video products are normally sold in the Intersection segment. The Autoscope® radar is our radar product line, and revenue consists of international and North American product sales as well as a portion of royalties (all of which are received from Econolite). Radar products are normally sold in the Highway segment. Autoscope® license plate recognition is our LPR product line. All segment revenues are derived from external customers. Operating expenses and total assets are not allocated to the segments for internal reporting purposes. Due to the changes in how we manage our business, we may reevaluate our segment definitions in the future. 44 The following tables set forth selected unaudited financial information for each of our reportable segments (in thousands): For the year ended December 31, 2014 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets $ 11,357 10,305 — — $ 6,786 3,255 488 454 $ 4,910 1,452 1,070 3,533 $ 23,053 15,012 1,558 3,987 For the year ended December 31, 2013 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets $ 13,428 11,559 — — $ 6,414 1,862 488 942 $ 6,448 2,980 1,066 5,521 $ 26,290 16,401 1,554 6,463 For the year ended December 31, 2012 Intersection Highway LPR Total Revenue Gross profit Goodwill impairment Amortization of intangible assets Intangible assets and goodwill $ 16,031 14,010 — — — $ 4,118 1,798 1,372 748 1,430 $ 4,814 2,449 1,803 874 5,059 $ 24,963 18,257 3,175 1,622 6,489 We derived the following percentages of our net revenues from the following geographic regions: Asia Pacific Europe North America 2014 8% 34% 58% 2013 10% 41% 49% 2012 11% 35% 54% No countries other than the United States and the United Kingdom had revenue in excess of 10% of our total revenue during any periods presented. The aggregate net book value of long-lived assets held outside of the United States, not including intangible assets, was $284,000 and $323,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 14. OTHER ASSETS In January 2013, we acquired a minority interest in the shares of common stock of Municipal Parking Services, Inc. (MPS) for an aggregate purchase price of $300,000. The investment was accounted for under the cost method and was included in Other Assets on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2013. In April 2013, the Chief Executive Officer of MPS was appointed to our Board of Directors. In October 2014, our minority interest in MPS was purchased by MPS for $150,000. We recorded an impairment charge of $150,000 in operating expenses in the third quarter of 2014. 45 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Operating Leases We rent office space and equipment under operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through January 2016. Rent expense for office facilities was $884,000 in 2014, $946,000 in 2013 and $947,000 in 2012. Minimum annual rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands): Future Lease Payments $ 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 426 404 377 313 313 Litigation We are involved from time to time in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including primarily commercial, product liability, employment and intellectual property claims. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, we record a liability in our Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to any of these matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. With respect to currently pending legal proceedings, we have not established an estimated range of reasonably possible additional losses either because we believe that we have valid defenses to claims asserted against us or the proceeding has not advanced to a stage of discovery that would enable us to establish an estimate. We currently do not expect the outcome of these matters to have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Litigation, however, is inherently unpredictable, and it is possible that the ultimate outcome of one or more claims asserted against us could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. We expense legal costs as incurred. Investigation Matter As previously disclosed, Polish authorities conducted an investigation into violations of Polish law related to tenders in the City of Łodź, Poland. A Special Subcommittee of our Audit Committee comprised solely of independent directors retained independent counsel and accounting advisors who conducted an investigation focusing on possible violations of Company policy, internal controls, and laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act and Polish law. We voluntarily disclosed this matter to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Department of Justice (“DOJ”). During the third quarter of 2014, we received a letter from the DOJ informing us that their inquiry into this matter has been closed, citing the Company’s voluntary disclosure, thorough investigation, cooperation and voluntary enhancements to its compliance program. Additionally, the SEC previously notified the Company that it had closed its investigation without recommending enforcement action. Neither the Company nor any of our subsidiaries was charged with any offense, and there were no fines levied at the close of the investigation by the DOJ or SEC. 46 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Board of Directors and Shareholders Image Sensing Systems, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. (a Minnesota corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Minneapolis, Minnesota March 20, 2015 47 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)), that are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and is subject to lapses in judgment or breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, although not eliminate, these risks. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Further, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework”. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014. Changes in internal control over financial reporting During the most recent fiscal quarter covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 48 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance We have adopted a Code of Ethics which applies to our principal executive, accounting and financial officers. The Code of Ethics is published on our website at www.imagesensing.com. Any amendments to the Code of Ethics and waivers of the Code of Ethics for our principal executive, accounting and financial officers will be published on our website. The sections entitled “Proposal I - Election of Directors,” “Audit Committee” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2015 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation The sections entitled “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2015 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information as of December 31, 2014 about our shares of common stock subject to outstanding awards or available for future awards under our equity compensation plans and arrangements. Number of securities remaining Number of securities to Weighted-average exercise available for future issuance be issued upon exercise price of outstanding under equity compensation plans of outstanding options, warrants and rights options, warrants and rights (excluding securities reflected in the first column)(1) Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders 354,000 $ 6.30 556,989 (1) The 556,989 shares available for grant under the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2014 Stock Option and Incentive Plan may become the subject of future awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards or other stock-based awards. The section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2015 annual meeting of shareholders is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2015 annual meeting of shareholders is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The sections entitled “Audit Fees,” “Audit-Related Fees,” “Tax Fees,” “All Other Fees” and “Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services Provided by Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2015 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. 49 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Documents filed as part of this report: 1. Financial statements PART IV The following Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”: Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 2. Financial Statement Schedules: All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not required. 3. The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report: Exhibit No. Description 3(i).1 3(i).2 3(ii) 4.1 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4 10.5 Restated Articles of Incorporation of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 33-90298C) filed on March 15, 1995, as amended (Registration Statement). Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 (File No. 0-26056). Bylaws of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). Specimen form of ISS’ common stock certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement. Form of Distributor Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement. 1995 Long-Term Incentive and Stock Option Plan, amended and restated through May 17, 2001, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Gregory R. L. Smith, dated December 8, 2006, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2006 (File No. 0- 26056). Amendment VII to Office Lease Agreement dated April 26, 2007 by and between ISS and Spruce Tree Centre L.L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 0-26056) (2007 Form 10-K). Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated September 1, 2000 by and between ISS and Econolite Control Products, Inc. (Econolite), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. 50 10.6* 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 Image Sensing Systems, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix A to ISS’ proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 19, 2005 (File No. 0-26056). Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated June 11, 1991 by and between ISS and Econolite Control Products, Inc. (Econolite), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement. Extension and Second Modification to License Agreement dated July 13, 2001 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 0-26056) (2001 Form 10-KSB). Office Lease Agreement dated November 24, 1998 by and between ISS and Spruce Tree Centre L.L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 0-26056). Production Agreement dated February 14, 2002 by and among ISS, Wireless Technology, Inc. and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to ISS’ 2001 Form 10-KSB. Extension and Third Modification to Manufacturing Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated July 3, 2008 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 3, 2008 (File No. 0-26056). Fourth Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated as of December 15, 2011 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 15, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). Loan Agreement dated May 1, 2008 (2008 Loan Agreement) by and between ISS and Associated Bank, National Association (Associated Bank), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to ISS’ Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on May 12, 2008 (Registration No. 333-150852) (Form S-1). Security Agreement dated May 1, 2008 by and between ISS and Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to ISS’ Form S-1. Promissory Note (Line of Credit) dated May 1, 2008 in the original principal amount of $5,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to ISS’ Form S-1. Promissory Note (Loan) dated May 1, 2008 in the original principal amount of $3,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to ISS’ Form S-1. Modification Agreement dated December 28, 2009 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 0- 26056) (2009 Form 10-K). Promissory Note (Loan) dated December 28, 2009 in the original principal amount of $4,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the 2009 Form 10-K. Lease dated February 1, 2010 between Image Sensing Systems UK Limited and Nortrust Nominees Limited, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (File No. 0-26056). Third Modification Agreement dated December 28, 2010 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 0- 26056). Fourth Modification Agreement dated December 22, 2011 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). 51 10.22 10.23* 10.24* 10.25** 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 21 23.1 24 31.1 31.2 32.1 99.1 99.2 Fifth Modification Agreement dated December 24, 2012 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 24, 2012 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Kris B. Tufto dated October 30, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Dale E. Parker dated June 30, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 (File No. 0- 26056). Amendment XIII to Office Lease Agreement by and between Spruce Tree Centre L. L. P. and Image Sensing Systems dated as of February 18, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-26056). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of April 23, 2014 by and between ISS and Kris B. Tufto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 0-26956) (March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of April 22, 2014 by and between ISS and Dale E. Parker, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Commitment Letter effective as of May 12, 2014 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Security Agreement dated as of May 12, 2014 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Promissory Note dated as of May 12, 2014 in the original principal amount of $5,000,000 issued by ISS to Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Amendment to Commitment Letter dated as of March 16, 2015 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank (filed herewith). Amendment to Promissory Note effective as of March 16, 2015 issued by ISS to Alliance Bank (filed herewith). List of Subsidiaries of ISS (filed herewith). Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith). Power of Attorney (included on signature page). Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Extension of Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated May 31, 2002 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. Letter agreement dated June 19, 1997 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. 52 99.3 License and Distribution Agreement dated January 2, 2011 by and among ISS, Econolite and Econolite Canada Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). * ** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Portions of this exhibit are treated as confidential pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed by ISS with the SEC. Copies of all exhibits not attached will be furnished without charge upon written request to the Company at the address set forth on the inside back cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 53 Signatures Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Image Sensing Systems, Inc. /s/ Dale E. Parker Dale E. Parker Interim President, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Interim Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) Date: March 20, 2015 Each person whose signature to this Annual Report on Form 10-K appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Dale E. Parker as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, to sign on his or her behalf individually and in the capacity stated below and to perform any acts necessary to be done in order to file all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and any and all instruments or documents filed as part of or in connection with this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendments hereto, and each of the undersigned does hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitutes, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: /s/ Dale E. Parker Dale E. Parker Interim President, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Interim Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ James W. Bracke James W. Bracke Chairman of the Board of Directors /s/ Melissa B. Fisher Melissa B. Fisher Director /s/ Thomas G. Hudson Thomas G. Hudson Director /s/ Paul F. Lidsky Paul F. Lidsky Director Date: March 20, 2015 Date: March 20, 2015 Date: March 20, 2015 Date: March 20, 2015 Date: March 20, 2015 54 Exhibit Index Exhibit No. Description 3(i).1 3(i).2 3(ii) 4.1 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4 10.5 10.6* 10.7 10.8 10.9 Restated Articles of Incorporation of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 33-90298C) filed on March 15, 1995, as amended (Registration Statement). Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 (File No. 0-26056). Bylaws of ISS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). Specimen form of ISS’ common stock certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement. Form of Distributor Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Registration Statement. 1995 Long-Term Incentive and Stock Option Plan, amended and restated through May 17, 2001, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Gregory R. L. Smith, dated December 8, 2006, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2006 (File No. 0- 26056). Amendment VII to Office Lease Agreement dated April 26, 2007 by and between ISS and Spruce Tree Centre L.L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (File No. 0-26056) (2007 Form 10-K). Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated September 1, 2000 by and between ISS and Econolite Control Products, Inc. (Econolite), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. Image Sensing Systems, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix A to ISS’ proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 19, 2005 (File No. 0-26056). Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated June 11, 1991 by and between ISS and Econolite Control Products, Inc. (Econolite), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement. Extension and Second Modification to License Agreement dated July 13, 2001 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 0-26056) (2001 Form 10-KSB). Office Lease Agreement dated November 24, 1998 by and between ISS and Spruce Tree Centre L.L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 1998 (File No. 0-26056). 55 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23* 10.24* Production Agreement dated February 14, 2002 by and among ISS, Wireless Technology, Inc. and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to ISS’ 2001 Form 10-KSB. Extension and Third Modification to Manufacturing Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated July 3, 2008 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 3, 2008 (File No. 0-26056). Fourth Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated as of December 15, 2011 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 15, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). Loan Agreement dated May 1, 2008 (2008 Loan Agreement) by and between ISS and Associated Bank, National Association (Associated Bank), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to ISS’ Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on May 12, 2008 (Registration No. 333-150852) (Form S-1). Security Agreement dated May 1, 2008 by and between ISS and Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to ISS’ Form S-1. Promissory Note (Line of Credit) dated May 1, 2008 in the original principal amount of $5,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to ISS’ Form S-1. Promissory Note (Loan) dated May 1, 2008 in the original principal amount of $3,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to ISS’ Form S-1. Modification Agreement dated December 28, 2009 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 0- 26056) (2009 Form 10-K). Promissory Note (Loan) dated December 28, 2009 in the original principal amount of $4,000,000 issued by ISS to Associated Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the 2009 Form 10-K. Lease dated February 1, 2010 between Image Sensing Systems UK Limited and Nortrust Nominees Limited, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (File No. 0-26056). Third Modification Agreement dated December 28, 2010 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 0- 26056). Fourth Modification Agreement dated December 22, 2011 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). Fifth Modification Agreement dated December 24, 2012 by and between ISS and Associated Bank under which ISS and Associated Bank amended the 2008 Loan Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 24, 2012 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Kris B. Tufto dated October 30, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2012 (File No. 0-26056). Employment Agreement between ISS and Dale E. Parker dated June 30, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 (File No. 0-26056). 56 10.25** Amendment XIII to Office Lease Agreement by and between Spruce Tree Centre L. L. P. and Image Sensing Systems dated as of February 18, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-26056). 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 21 23.1 24 31.1 31.2 32.1 99.1 99.2 99.3 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of April 23, 2014 by and between ISS and Kris B. Tufto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ISS’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 0-26956) (March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of April 22, 2014 by and between ISS and Dale E. Parker, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Commitment Letter effective as of May 12, 2014 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Security Agreement dated as of May 12, 2014 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Promissory Note dated as of May 12, 2014 in the original principal amount of $5,000,000 issued by ISS to Alliance Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to ISS’ March 31, 2014 Form 10-Q. Amendment to Commitment Letter dated as of March 16, 2015 by and between ISS and Alliance Bank (filed herewith). Amendment to Promissory Note effective as of March 16, 2015 issued by ISS to Alliance Bank (filed herewith). List of Subsidiaries of ISS (filed herewith). Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith). Power of Attorney (included on signature page). Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Extension of Modification to Manufacturing, Distributing and Technology License Agreement dated May 31, 2002 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. Letter agreement dated June 19, 1997 by and between ISS and Econolite, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to ISS’ 2007 Form 10-K. License and Distribution Agreement dated January 2, 2011 by and among ISS, Econolite and Econolite Canada Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to ISS’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 0-26056). * ** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Portions of this exhibit are treated as confidential pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed by ISS with the SEC. Copies of all exhibits not attached will be furnished without charge upon written request to the Company at the address set forth on the inside back cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 57 List of Subsidiaries of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. Exhibit 21 Name of Subsidiaries Image Sensing Systems HK Limited Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China Image Sensing Systems (Shenzhen) Limited China (PRC) Image Sensing Systems England Limited Image Sensing Systems Europe Limited Image Sensing Systems Holdings Limited Image Sensing Systems UK Limited Image Sensing Systems Europe Limited SP.Z.O.O. Image Sensing Systems Germany, GmbH Image Sensing Systems Spain SLU Image Sensing Systems Canada Ltd. United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Poland Germany Spain Canada 58 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We have issued our report dated March 20, 2015, with respect to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference of said report in the Registration Statements of Image Sensing Systems, Inc. on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-162810, effective November 18, 2009 and File No. 333-41706, effective July 19, 2000) and on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-195923, effective May 31, 2014; File No. 333-167496, effective June 14, 2010; File No. 333-165303, effective March 8, 2010; File No. 333-152117, effective July 3, 2008; File No. 333-142449, effective April 30, 2007; File No. 333-82546, effective February 11, 2002; File No. 333-86169, effective August 30, 1999; and File No. 333-09289, effective July 31, 1996). Exhibit 23.1 /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Minneapolis, Minnesota March 20, 2015 59 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Dale E. Parker, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Image Sensing Systems, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 20, 2015 /s/ Dale E. Parker Name: Dale E. Parker Title: Interim President and Interim Chief Executive Officer 60 Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Dale E. Parker, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Image Sensing Systems, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 20, 2015 /s/ Dale E. Parker Name: Dale E. Parker Title: Chief Financial Officer 61 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. §1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Image Sensing System, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Dale E. Parker, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. 2. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Dale E. Parker Dale E. Parker Interim President, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer March 20, 2015 62 Corporate Information Directors and Officers James W. Bracke*†‡ Chairman of the Board Melissa Fisher*†‡ Director Thomas G. Hudson*†‡ Director Paul F. Lidsky*†‡ Director Dale E. Parker Director, Interim President, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Treasurer and Secretary * Member of audit committee † Member of compensation and stock option committee ‡ Member of nominating and corporate governance committee Annual Shareholders’ Meeting The annual meeting of the shareholders will be held on May 14, 2015, at 9:00 am CDT at the Embassy Suites Minneapolis Airport, 7901 34th Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55425. Legal Counsel Winthrop & Weinstine, P.A. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Grant Thornton LLP Stock Transfer Agent Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company Location Corporate Headquarters 500 Spruce Tree Centre 1600 University Avenue West St. Paul, Minnesota 55104-3825 A copy of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, may be obtained without charge upon written request to the Company. A copy of this 2014 Annual Report to Shareholders can be obtained from our Web site: imagesensing.com Price Range for Common Stock The Company’s common stock trades on The Nasdaq Capital Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol ISNS. The table below presents the price range of the high and low trading prices for the Company’s common stock for each period indicated as reported by Nasdaq. Quarter First Second Third Fourth 2014 2013 High $ 5.99 5.37 9.94 4.13 Low $4.74 3.16 2.10 1.89 High $ 6.00 7.70 8.28 7.39 Low $4.29 4.62 6.50 4.78 Image Sensing Systems, Inc. 1600 University Avenue West, Suite 500, St. Paul, Minnesota 55104 Phone +1.651.603.7700 Fax +1.651.305.6402 imagesensing.com 

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